Quebec nationalism

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maintaining a Roman Catholic Quebec was the only means to 'emancipate the nation against English power.' He believed the powers of the provincial government of Quebec could and should be used within Confederation, to bolster provincial autonomy (and thus Church power), and advocated it would benefit the French-Canadian nation economically, socially, culturally and linguistically. Groulx successfully promoted Québécois nationalism and the ultra-conservative Catholic social doctrine, to which the Church would maintain dominance in political and social life in Quebec. In the 1920s–1950s, this form of traditionalist Catholic nationalism became known as

537:. The Union Nationale party valued and upheld the traditional definition of nationalism. This meant the province would upkeep its long-established ways of operating with changes being made only within the scope of the conventional values. Because of this, the Union Nationale party was favored by those who wanted to stick to the accustomed lifestyle and disliked by those who wanted a progressive province being brought into the North American culture. 640: 541: 3747: 580:, a site of a thriving economy and the beginning of a variety of independent movements. During this time, Quebec was a place of enlightenment, there were changes in the society, values, and economy. This was a time of radical thinking, culture and ideologies, one ideology would finally emerge after centuries of dormancy. Quebec would change from its old fashioned roots and be brought into the progressive mainstream century. 777:, which sparked controversy after it banned people from wearing religious clothing in certain professions. This law hugely impacted the Muslim community in the province, with many citing it as proof of the movement's ethnic origins, and calling it Islamophobic, and discriminatory. Further controversy was sparked when most nationalist parties stated that the law was not Islamophobic, and instead stated that it was secular. 33: 2038: 430:: a moderate wing, whose members were fond of British institutions and wished for Lower Canada to have a government more accountable to the elective house's representative and a more radical wing whose attachment to British institutions was rather conditional to this proving to be as good as to those of the neighbouring American republics. 785:(PQ) called someone in the Quebec government out for saying the law was "supremacist" while talking about systemic racism, which caused even more controversy and a backlash to the PQ by the Muslim community, and by the federalists. Quebec nationalism and separatism being ethnically based was further evidenced when the PQ held a protest in 714:" (promoted by all Quebec premiers since Jean Lesage) gathers the support of the majority of the sovereigntists and essentially all Quebec federalist nationalists. Debates on the nature of Quebec's nationalism are currently going on and various intellectuals from Quebec or other parts of Canada have published works on the subject, notably 623:

the new society was to overcome injustices for minority groups in everyday life. This sparked a number of movements such as the Black Power movement and Women's Rights Movement that were mainly seen in working-class neighbourhoods which gained publicity when journals, conferences and advocates fed into these movements.

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There were many issues that the province had during this time due to the imbalance between the Francophones and Anglophones on a variety of levels. Even though the Francophones outnumbered the Anglophones, the Francophones were still seen as a minority. This oppression however dated further back than

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Quebec nationalism for the Francophones was on the rise at this time not only within the province but on a global scale as well. Quebec nationalism in the 1960s stemmed from the ideology of decolonization; this new type of nationalism was based on ideas happening on a global scale. Because of the new

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and other intellectuals engaged in nationalistic 'myth-making' or propaganda, to build a nationalistic French-Canadian identity, in purpose to protect the power of the Church and dissuade the public from popular-rule and secularist views. Groulx propagated French-Canadian nationalism and argued that

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During this time, the newly arrived immigrants were no longer seen as immigrants but rather people who embodied not only a Canadian identity but also a provincial identity as well. Moreover, this was complemented by the fact that 95% of the colonists were Francophones, while the remaining people were

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population of white francophones within the province. Despite these accusations being denounced by many Quebec nationalists who see both the separatist and nationalist movement as multi-ethnic, there is much evidence to suggest that both movements are based on ethnicity, rather than on territory. An

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The province's Francophones as well as ethnic and racial minority groups did not have any power, they were living in the poorest parts of cities. It was hard for these groups to progress in their careers or climb the socio-economic ladder. For Francophones it was difficult because success was geared

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The Quiet Revolution signified something different for Quebeckers but a common denominator was that both English and French speakers were happy with the end to Maurice Duplessis's conservative party the Union Nationale that brought much social and political repression. The Quiet Revolution beginning

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Nationalism also represented conservation, and in that, not being influenced by the outside world but rather staying within their own borders without room for exploration. Quebec was very closed minded wanting to keep their people and province untouched by the more progressive ideas from the rest of

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was made up of 7 regions that spanned from the Maritimes to the Rockies and from the Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. Although this landscape was vast, most efforts were made to colonize what is now present-day Canada. After the 17th century, the newly arrived French settlers adapted to the terrain

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on November 23, 2020, which called for the assimilation of immigrants, and for the strengthening on the French Language in the city. Less than 150 people turned out for the occasion, and by the PQ, as well as other nationalist and separatist parties refusing to acknowledge the existence of systemic

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held the majority in the elected legislative assembly, but were either a small minority or simply not represented in the appointed legislative and executive councils, both appointed by the governor, representing the British Crown in the colony. Most of the members of the legislative council and the

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Advocacy of the new form of nationalism was used to address the drastic conditions in the work place as well as living conditions. This was most apparent between the Francophones who believed in the new 1960s idea of nationalism and the predominantly English Canadian anti-nationalists. The goal of

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A main difference was the secularization of the Catholic Church, practiced by most French Canadians from the province itself. Unlike in the 1950s under Duplessis, the church and state were now separate entities removing the strict control the old fashioned ways of the church had over institutions.

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Duplessis's main ideas to transform Quebec were through rapid industrialization, urbanization and a greater and faster development of the province's natural resources. English speakers of the province hoped that industrialization and urbanization would replace the outdated French Canadian society.

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In opposition with the other nationalists, ultramontanes rejected the rising democratic ideal that the people are sovereign and that the Church should have limited influence in governance. To protect the power of the Church and prevent the rise of democracy and the separation of church-and-state,

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in 2022. This act greatly expanded the requirement to speak French in many public and private settings. The preliminary notes of the bill make its purpose clear: "the purpose of this bill is to affirm that the only official language of Québec is French. It also affirms that French is the common

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The oppression of Francophones was also something that Lesage wanted to bring to light and change because of the longstanding cultural and society tension between the Francophones and Anglophones. Lesage had the desire to change the role that the state had over the province. He no longer wanted

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the restoration of French civil law; guaranteed the free practice of the Catholic faith; and returned the territorial extensions that they had enjoyed before the Treaty of Paris. In effect, this "enlightened" action by leaders in the British Parliament allowed French Canada to retain its unique

1664:', governed for so long by "Negro-Kings" in the interest of foreign powers, economical and political, had to become masters of their destiny, had to be "Maîtres chez-nous". Scads of Parti Québécois supporters were later to echo these sentiments in chanting loudly during political rallies: " 884:

On October 21, 2006, during the General Special Council of the Quebec wing of the Liberal Party of Canada initiated a national debate by adopting with more than 80% support a resolution calling on the Government of Canada to recognize the Quebec nation within Canada. A month later, the said

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and his liberal party finally ended the longstanding ancient regime the people of Quebec had been living under. It began the reinstitution of the outdated socioeconomic and political structures to fully modernize them once and for all. This movement would be known as the Quiet Revolution.

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of New France. Over time, these settlers developed a regional Canadian identity. This could be seen in the developing of new accents, creation of new legends and stories, emerging societal traits and the use of the French language. The latter originated with the loss of the settlers'

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Although it was still defended and promoted up until the beginning of the 20th century, the French-Canadian liberal nationalism born out of the American and French revolutions began to decline in the 1840s, gradually being replaced by both a more moderate liberal nationalism and the

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Nationalism at this time meant restoring the old regime and going back to the concept of a French-Canadian nation built upon Catholicism as it was in the past. The church and state were intertwined and the church greatly dictated legislature falling under the matters of the state.

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in January 1960 set in motion the final end to the old traditional definition of Quebec nationalism in the 1950s. A new leader, Quebec and ideology of nationalism would emerge and sweep across the province finally providing French-Canadians their greatly awaited need for change.

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executive council were part of the British ruling class, composed of wealthy merchants, judges, militia officers and other members of the elite supportive of the Tory party. From early 1800 to 1837, the government and the elected assembly were at odds on virtually every issue.

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nationalism in the 18th century (especially considering the threat and proximity of American revolutionary ideology) yet it became less effective with the arrival of Loyalists after the revolutions. With the Loyalists splitting the Province of Quebec into two identities;

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These changes launched French Canadians into the urban and industrial way of life. There were new opportunities created to provide economic and social stability but by doing so, decreased the importance and significance placed upon cultural and linguistic survival.

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by the Cabinet of the United Kingdom in 1837 led to a radicalization of the patriotic movement's actions. Louis-Joseph Papineau took the leadership of a new strategy which included the boycott of all British imports. During the summer, many popular gatherings

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in the 1960s gathered momentum with the many reformations carried out by Jean Lesage including changes to the education, social welfare, hospitalization, hydro-electricity, regional development and greater francophone participation in the industrial sector.

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The movement of reform gathered the support of the majority of the representatives of the people among francophones but also among liberal anglophones. A number of the prominent characters in the reformist movement were of British descent, for example

2095:

Abelson, Donald, et al. "Millennial and Gen Z francophones don't value Quebec nationalism: In stark contrast to baby boomers who not only identify as Quebecers first but also believe the provincial government best represents their interests"

812:. People who feel that Quebec nationalism is linguistic have often expressed their opinion that Quebec nationalism includes a multi-ethnic or multicultural French-speaking majority (either as mother tongue or first language used in public). 7092: 861:

and introduced "new fundamental language rights," such as reinforcing French as the language of legislation, justice, civil administration, professional orders, employers, commerce and business, and educational instruction. Premier

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Quebec did not align with the fast-paced urban life of Western society that was reflected across the nation and other countries. The lack of great progression is believed to be attributed to the premier of the province at this time

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The province has a history of colonization and conquest that is complex and multi layered. The past history of this province can be seen in the city's landscape marked with a variety of memoir commemorating the overtaking powers.

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openness of the province, travelers and people of the church were encouraged to go and learn the ways of life in other parts of the world and then return to share, compare, and incorporate the ideologies into their lifestyle.

1178:("Quebec for Québécois", or "Quebec for Quebecers"): slogan sometimes chanted at Quebec nationalist rallies or protests. This slogan can be controversial, as it might be interpreted both as a call for a Quebec controlled by 695:

Understanding contemporary Quebec nationalism is difficult considering the ongoing debates on the political status of the province and its complex public opinion. No political option (outright independence,

135:

and the adoption of standard French, which came to be used by the educated classes of the colony. It further developed from the levelling of many langues d'oïl which led to the creation of a local accent.

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Many people feel that Quebec nationalism and separatism is ethnic have often expressed their opinion that the sentiments of Quebec's nationalists are insular and parochial and concerned with preserving a

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initiated a motion in the House of Commons endorsing the constitutionality of Legault's initiatives and reasserting Quebecers' nationhood. The Commons passed the motion 281–2, with 36 abstentions.

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saw themselves as a people culturally distinct from the French even in the time of New France. The cultural tensions were indeed palpable between the governor of New France, the Canadian-born

572:

Nationalism in the 1960s represented a completely new mantra unlike the aged significance placed upon it in the 1950s. The 1960s in Quebec was a period of the Quiet Revolution, the

847:, and its goal was "to make French the language of Government and the Law, as well as the normal and everyday language of work, instruction, communication, commerce and business." 2110: 1075:

Institut de recherche sur l'autodétermination des peuples et les indépendances nationales (IRAI) (Research Institute on Self-Determination of Peoples and National Independence)

152:

claimed it for France in 1534, and permanent French settlement began in 1608. It was part of New France, which constituted all French colonies in North America. Up until 1760,

966:, and others differs based on the individual. Nationalism today is more open than what it was in the past in some ways. A common theme that can be seen is the attachment that 1520: 4301: 2186: 2097: 1701: 4196: 604:

economic inferiority of French Canadians and the Francophone society, but rather evolving organized labor, educational reform, and the modernization of political process.

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and others. Often accomplished militarily, these national independence movements occurred in the context of complex ideological and political struggles pitting European

626:

A movement of a new Quebec with a new meaning behind the word Nationalism would continue to change and progress overtime with the 1960s being the start of this change.

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was supported by the liberal or professional class in Lower Canada: lawyers, notaries, librarians, accountants, doctors, journalists, and architects, among others.

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By the early 1960s a group of French Canadians from all classes were receiving proper education but only to go into careers in Anglophone dominated institutions.

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Maurice Duplessis returned to win the 1944 election and stayed in the position of premier of Quebec for fifteen years whilst being the leader of the conservative

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the world. Even in terms of careers, the church governed the state in this aspect and people were working conventional jobs such as in the agricultural industry.

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Blanchet, Alexandre, and Mike Medeiros. "The secessionist spectre: the influence of authoritarianism, nativism and populism on support for Quebec independence."

78:

since the beginning of the 19th century. Québécois nationalism has seen several political, ideological and partisan variations and incarnations over the years.

7155: 4377: 2683: 2428: 1184:, with possible xenophobic connotations, or as a call for a Quebec controlled by the inhabitants of the province of Quebec, and free from outside interference. 7109: 4171: 1467: 1347: 815:

The entrenchment of the French language in Quebec has been a central goal of Quebec nationalism since the 1970s. In 1974, the Quebec Legislature passed the

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movement, among whom Louis-Joseph Papineau and many other reformists were members of parliament. This instigated an armed conflict which developed into the

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Le deuil d'un pays imaginé : rêves, luttes et déroute du Canada français : les rapports entre le Québec et la francophonie canadienne, 1867–1975

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McGrane, David, and Loleen Berdahl. "Reconceptualizing Canadian Federal Political Culture: Examining Differences between Quebec and the Rest of Canada."

829:

of Quebec and the primary language of services, commercial signing, labour relations and business, education, and legislation and justice. In 1977, this

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One debated subject that has often made the news is whether contemporary Quebec nationalism is still "ethnic" or if it is "linguistic" or "territorial".

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created two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada, each of which had its own political institutions. In Lower Canada, the French-speaking and Catholic

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nationalism developed within a British constitutional context. Despite intense pressure from outside Parliament, the British government drafted the

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The events leading up to the 1960s were catalysts that would tear down and reconstruct the foundation of what it meant to be a Quebec Nationalist.

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Ferland, Benjamin, and Luc Turgeon. "Understanding Majority Attitudes toward Minority Nations in Multinational Federations: The Case of Canada."

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Philip Lawson, The Imperial Challenge: Quebec and Britain in the Age of the American Revolution (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's UP, 1989).

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Brie, Evelyne, and Catherine Ouellet. "Exposure to English as a determinant of support for Quebec independence in the 2018 Quebec elections."

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Le Québec, quel Québec? : dialogues avec Charles Taylor, Claude Ryan et quelques autres sur le libéralisme et le nationalisme québécois

1343: 4555: 3816: 3773: 3706: 1617: 385:

in 1826) initiated a movement of reform of the political institutions of Lower Canada. The party's constitutional policy, summed up in the

299:. These battles succeeded in creating independent republican states in some regions of the world, but they failed in other places, such as 7346: 6976: 6448: 4503: 4321: 461:

Following the repression of the insurrectionist movement of 1838, many of the most revolutionary nationalist and democratic ideas of the

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are necessarily forced to admit that there are certain individuals whose status as residents of Quebec is not enough to qualify them as

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towards the English speaker and prestigious institutions were English speaking and devalued the culture and language of the French.

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Rivault, Fabrice & Hervé Rivet. (2008). "The Quebec Nation: From Informal Recognition to Enshrinement in the Constitution" in

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the people of Quebec placed more importance on traditional values in life which included going back to their nationalistic roots.

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Quebec nationalism was first known as "French Canadian nationalism". The term was replaced by "Québécois nationalism" during the

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racism in Quebec. The president of Quebec's human's rights commission, Philippe-André Tessier, a separatist, called the term

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Couture Gagnon, Alexandre, and Diane Saint-Pierre. "Identity, Nationalism, and Cultural and Linguistic Policies in Québec."

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These ideologies took off after the victory of Jean Lesage's liberal party in the 1960 provincial election. The election of

7276: 7206: 6055: 5980: 4772: 4736: 4306: 4157: 3783: 1252: 7384: 4232: 3862: 3847: 206:, this has, in its contemporary assessment, been viewed as an act of appeasement and was largely effective at dissolving 4362: 4347: 7367: 6221: 4342: 2286:, ed. Gérard Daigle and Guy Rocher, pp. 647 à 667, Montréal: Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 1992, 812 p. 1746: 1320: 1148: 394: 17: 767:

said "It is true, it is true that we were beaten, but in the end, by what? By money and ethnic votes, essentially." ("

93:

political parties, which do not want the sovereignty of Quebec but the expansion of its powers and the defence of its

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C'est vrai, c'est vrai qu'on a été battus, au fond, par quoi? Par l'argent puis des votes ethniques, essentiellement.

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The Shaping of Québec Politics and Society: Colonialism, Power, and the Transition to Capitalism in the 19th Century

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From 1776 to the late 1830s, the world witnessed the creation of many new national states with the birth of the

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government justified this as necessary to preserve the French language that is central to Quebec nationalism.

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are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of

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Le clergé et le pouvoir politique au Québec, une analyse de l'idéologie ultramontaine au milieu du XIX siècle

2313:

La dénationalisation tranquille : mémoire, identité et multiculturalisme dans le Québec postréférendaire

4372: 1642: 1468:"Prelude to Quebec's Quiet Revolution: liberalism versus neo-nationalism, 1945-1960 - Scholars Portal Books" 7284: 7070: 6538: 6266: 6211: 6181: 6090: 6065: 6050: 5975: 5955: 5053: 4965: 4741: 4078: 4057: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3890: 1545: 879: 545: 410: 6085: 3932: 3235:

Les communistes et la question nationale au Québec : sur le Parti communiste du Canada de 1921 à 1938

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Two Nations: An Essay on the Culture and Politics of Canada and Quebec in a World of American Preeminence

2192:

Kymlicka, Will. "Canadian multiculturalism in historical and comparative perspective: Is Canada unique."

1282: 733: 82: 2376:

L'identité fragmentée : nation et citoyenneté dans les débats constitutionnels canadiens, 1941–1992

2174:

Imbert, Patrick. "Francophones, Multiculturalism and Interculturalism in Canada, Quebec and Europe." in

1072:

Centre étudiant de recherche et d'action nationale (CERAN) (Student research and national action centre)

7167: 6943: 6852: 6634: 6571: 6434: 6080: 5960: 4991: 4413: 4033: 3768: 1277: 951: 898: 444:) were organized to protest against the policy of Great Britain in Lower Canada. In November, Governor 350: 3870: 2589:

Réflexions sur la question nationale: Édouard Montpetit; textes choisis et présentés par Robert Leroux

992: 915: 867: 98: 7008: 6771: 5254: 4950: 4108: 2233: 2138: 1412: 6040: 5762: 4441: 2246:

Rocher, François. "The Life and Death of an Issue: Canadian Political Science and Quebec Politics."

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Banting, Keith, and Will Kymlicka. "Canadian Multiculturalism: Global Anxieties and Local Debates."

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La revanche des petites nations : le Québec, l'Écosse et la Catalogne face à la mondialisation

2251: 1039: 534: 325: 163: 3952: 3927: 3922: 2333:

Quand la nation débordait les frontières. Les minorités françaises dans la pensée de Lionel Groulx

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World Peace Foundation de Boston and Le Centre d'études canadiennes-françaises de McGill (1975).

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Bâtisseur de pays : la pensée de François-Albert Angers. Étude sur le nationalisme au Québec

2434:

Appartenir au Québec : Citoyenneté, nation et société civile : Enquête à Montréal, 1995

1546:"Protesters gather to oppose religious symbols ban, one year after Bill 21 became law | CBC News" 1351: 711: 697: 573: 37: 7035: 6377: 5332: 4521: 4448: 3636: 3600: 3594: 3487: 3460: 3454: 3320: 3314: 3276: 3249: 3243: 3215: 3209: 3120: 3114: 3095: 3089: 3043: 3037: 3018: 3012: 2934: 2907: 7180: 6996: 6847: 6842: 6740: 6728: 6586: 6581: 6485: 5747: 5637: 5415: 5379: 5261: 5106: 4955: 4261: 4237: 4227: 4222: 4010: 4005: 2342:

Les nations québécoises dans l'Action nationale : de la décolonisation à la mondialisation

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The National Question: Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Self-Determination in the 20th Century

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Small Nations, High Ambitions: Economic Nationalism and Venture Capital in Quebec and Scotland

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Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia, and Scotland

1382: 1093: 945: 704:) has achieved decisive majority support and contradictions remain within the Quebec polity. 701: 368: 170: 3912: 850:

After a 45-year hiatus in language legislation in Quebec, the provincial legislature passed

63:

to, the defence of the interests of, and the recognition of the political legitimacy of the

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to more strongly entrench French as the sole official language. In response to this, the

888: 499: 321: 314:. Some historians defend the thesis that it existed before the 19th century, because the 159: 4316: 3880: 3763: 1909:

Hierarchies of Belonging: National Identity and Political Culture in Scotland and Quebec

1363:

See drop-down essay on "Early European Settlement and the Formation of the Modern State"

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nationalism had developed itself free of all external influences. However, during the

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La pensée impuissante : échecs et mythes nationaux canadiens-français, 1850–1960

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Secession: The Morality of Political Divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania and Quebec

1794: 1775: 1691: 1440: 1316: 1247: 1167:("old-stock Quebecker"): Quebecer who can trace their ancestry back to the regime of 1110: 1043: 996: 826: 757: 527: 203: 60: 2858:

Seymour, Michel. "Une nation peut-elle se donner la constitution de son choix?", in

328:, a Frenchman, during the French and Indian War. However, the use of the expression 310:

There is no consensus on the exact time of the birth of a national consciousness in

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( 1283:Quebec sovereignty movement 1215: 665:conditions to do so are met 97:within Canada, such as the 10: 7472: 7320:First Nations territories 6944:National question (Quebec) 6853:Canada and the Vietnam War 6577:Provincial and territorial 6081:Silesian Autonomy Movement 5961:Assam separatist movements 5116:Northern & Middle Asia 4373:Parti socialiste du Québec 4368:Parti république du Québec 3774:Premiers by time in office 3566:O'Leary, Dostaler (1965). 3371:Laurendeau, André (1935). 2891:Pour orienter nos libertés 2874:Les Patriotes de 1837@1838 2839:Les Patriotes de 1837@1838 2301:Bernier Arcand, Philippe, 2274: 1744: 1501:books2.scholarsportal.info 1472:books2.scholarsportal.info 1383:"The Men Who Saved Quebec" 1278:Quebec federalist ideology 899:House of Commons of Canada 877: 801: 351:Constitutional Act of 1791 7422: 7355: 7228: 7128: 7080: 7009:Manitoba Schools Question 6912: 6871: 6815: 6759: 6644: 6564: 6502: 6464: 6398: 6350: 6124: 6086:Székely autonomy movement 5948: 5775: 5740: 5695: 5625: 5584: 5566: 5559: 5514: 5471: 5464: 5439: 5403: 5375: 5368: 5295: 5205: 5198: 5163: 5115: 5069: 4984: 4911: 4823: 4816: 4781: 4760: 4719: 4712: 4692: 4671: 4635: 4587: 4580: 4571: 4479: 4391: 4335: 4270: 4205: 4187: 4066: 4021: 3966: 3933:Parti culinaire du Québec 3861: 3838: 3815: 3807:Former Opposition Leaders 3792: 3754: 3743: 3722: 3294:Handler, Richard (1988). 3140:Le Colonialisme au Québec 3036:Clift, Dominique (1981). 2803:L'Encyclopédie de l'Agora 2626:, Montréal: VLB, 219 p. ( 2620:Paquin, Stéphane (2001). 2603:Moreau, François (1995). 2491:Keating, Michael (1997). 2356:Bouchard, Gérard (2004). 2183:Government and opposition 1999:Requejo, Ferran. (2001). 1984:Poliquin, Daniel (2001). 1907:Henderson, Ailsa (2007). 1888:Gougeon, Gilles. (1994). 1871:Québec. State and Society 1433:Mason Hugh, Wade (1968). 1413:The Canadian Encyclopedia 1151:(Quebec Liberation Front) 930: 914: 905:within a united Canada". 887: 732: 730:, both professors at the 463: 426: 411:Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan 381: 373: 185:. From the 1760s onward, 7435:Canadian property bubble 6858:Canada in the Korean War 6596:Debates and legislation: 6016:Greenlandic independence 4499:Republic of Lower Canada 3267:Guindon, Hubert (1988). 3233:Gauvin, Bernard (1981). 2982:Bourque, Gilles (1970). 2695:Seymour, Michel (1999). 2464:Gougeon, Gilles (1993). 2373:Bourque, Gilles (1996). 2049:Fate of the Nation State 1764: 1645:. Marionapolis College. 1294: 756:example of this is when 564: 505: 471:Ultramontane nationalism 409:or of Irish extraction, 326:Louis-Joseph de Montcalm 7402:Canada–France relations 7390:Commonwealth of Nations 7324:Eeyou Istchee James Bay 7145:Rebellions of 1837–1838 7071:Québécois nation motion 7053:Quebec referendum, 1995 7048:Quebec referendum, 1980 6629:Republicanism in Canada 4511:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day 4067:Other Canadian politics 3876:Parti libéral du Québec 3871:Coalition Avenir Québec 3853:Government House Leader 3817:Speaker of the Assembly 3575:Pellerin, Jean (1969). 3533:Morin, Wilfrid (1960). 3524:Morin, Wilfrid (1938). 3505:Monière, Denis (1977). 3478:Monet, Jacques (1969). 3417:In the eye of the eagle 3338:Jones, Richard (1967). 3153:Nations and Nationalism 3011:Cameron, David (1974). 3002:Brunet, Michel (1969). 2898:Arnaud, Nicole (1978). 2732:Newspapers and journals 2549:Martel, Marcel (1997). 2298:, Montréal: VLB, 250 p. 2118:Nations and nationalism 2090:Newspapers and journals 1969:McEwen, Nicola (2006). 1716:Le Québec aux Québécois 1667:Le Québec aux Québécois 1439:. Macmillan of Canada. 1175:Le Québec aux Québécois 993:Coalition Avenir Québec 938:Present-day nationalism 926:provincial constitution 916:Coalition Avenir Québec 880:Québécois nation motion 868:Coalition Avenir Québec 712:territorial nationalism 698:sovereignty-association 574:Liberal Party of Canada 99:Coalition Avenir Québec 38:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day 7236:National organizations 7181:Constitution Act, 1982 7168:Fulton–Favreau formula 7164:debate (1960s to 1982) 6997:Lower Canada Rebellion 6848:Canada in the Cold War 6843:Canada in World War II 6741:Architecture of Canada 6486:Demographics of Canada 6041:Māori protest movement 4442:Le Journal de Montréal 4262:2012 Montreal shooting 4238:Quebec Contingency Act 4206:Events and legislation 3784:Government departments 3199:Eid, Nadia F. (1978). 3113:Cyr, François (1981). 2873: 2860: 2851: 2838: 2832:Roy-Blais, Caroline. " 2825: 2802: 2786: 2770: 2754: 2742: 2723: 2706: 2697: 2688: 2676: 2659: 2639: 2637:Roy, Fernande (1993). 2622: 2605: 2588: 2571: 2551: 2534: 2510: 2508:Lamonde, Yvan (2000). 2493: 2466: 2449: 2433: 2409: 2392: 2375: 2358: 2341: 2332: 2312: 2303: 2294: 2282: 2250:52.4 (2019): 631–655.( 1727: 1721: 1715: 1666: 1660: 1643:"The Quiet Revolution" 1228:1995 Quebec referendum 1223:1980 Quebec referendum 1204: 1188: 1180: 1174: 1163: 1092: 968: 956: 944: 843:government of Premier 833:was superseded by the 798:Linguistic nationalism 769: 765:1995 Quebec referendum 749: 734:Université de Montréal 549: 456:Lower Canada Rebellion 450: 440: 387:Ninety-Two Resolutions 359: 345: 336: 330: 316: 223: 208: 197: 187: 154: 113: 49: 7132:Territorial relations 6939:Anti-Quebec sentiment 6838:Canada in World War I 6823:Canadian Armed Forces 6071:Scottish independence 6036:Kashubian Association 5758:Indigenous Australian 4470:Why I Am a Separatist 4336:Defunct organizations 3928:Parti indépendantiste 3923:Parti unité nationale 3568:L'Inferiority complex 3147:Daniel, Rémi (2021). 3088:Crean, Susan (1983). 3061:Cook, Ramsay (1969). 2778:Gueydan-Lacroix, Saël 2698:La nation en question 2684:Sarra-Bournet, Michel 2470:, Québec: VLB Éditeur 2407:Brière, Marc (2001). 2390:Brière, Marc (2000). 2232:50.1 (2020): 109-134 2205:CPRN Discussion Paper 2194:Forum Constititionell 2185:38.3 (2003): 357-385 2164:50.2 (2020): 188–212. 2134:50.2 (2020): 115–130. 2120:25.3 (2019): 803–821. 1774:, Greenwood, 165 p. ( 1745:Further information: 1311:Moogk, Peter (2000). 1016:Parti Indépendantiste 878:Further information: 831:Official Language Act 818:Official Language Act 802:Further information: 702:Canadian constitution 543: 535:Union Nationale party 441:assemblées populaires 369:Louis-Joseph Papineau 171:French and Indian War 57:Québécois nationalism 35: 7303:(no final agreement) 7252:North-West Rebellion 7213:Charlottetown Accord 7036:Vive le Québec libre 6987:Civil Code of Quebec 6954:Federalism in Quebec 6879:Government of Canada 6816:War and peacekeeping 6625:Monarchism in Canada 6510:Canadian nationalism 6277:Marathi Abhimaangeet 6076:Siberian regionalism 4522:Vive le Québec libre 4449:Le Journal de Québec 4271:Active organizations 3953:Parti vert du Québec 3584:Pris, Parti (1967). 3434:Mann, Susan (1975). 3242:Grube, John (1981). 2429:Nicolas Van Schendel 1682:Bédard, Guy (2001). 1571:– via Twitter. 1233:Canadian nationalism 1181:Québécois pure laine 576:the election of the 407:Thomas Storrow Brown 331:la nation canadienne 7412:Canada (New France) 7246:Red River Rebellion 7229:Aboriginal politics 7219:Calgary Declaration 7130:Federal–Provincial– 7065:Sponsorship scandal 6904:VIA Rail Canada Inc 6894:Royal Canadian Mint 6673:Toronto Maple Leafs 6614:National Anthem Act 6368:American Indigenous 6001:Free Papua Movement 5411:Balkar and Karachay 5206:Southeastern Europe 4737:Indigenous Canadian 3996:Electoral districts 3724:Lieutenant Governor 2829:, November 25, 2006 2810:Robitaille, Antoine 2738:Beauchemin, Jacques 2137:Couture, Jocelyne, 1892:, Lorimer, 118 p. ( 1263:Partition of Quebec 1164:Québécois de souche 1156:Nationalist Slogans 1051:Civic organizations 1001:Canadian federalism 652:of this section is 500:clerico-nationalism 322:Pierre de Vaudreuil 117:liberal nationalism 70:, particularly its 7456:Quebec nationalism 7423:Current challenges 7281:Inuit territories 7093:Gendron Commission 6913:Relations between 6872:Crown corporations 6668:Montreal Canadiens 6544:Alberta separatism 6539:Western alienation 6527:Quebec nationalism 6520:Canadian ethnicity 6413:ethnic nationalism 6116:Welsh independence 5996:Free Aceh Movement 5228:in North Macedonia 5070:South-eastern Asia 4565:Ethnic nationalism 4494:Quebec nationalism 4400:L'Action nationale 4051:Quebec sovereignty 4029:Quebec nationalism 3913:Équipe autonomiste 3716:Politics of Quebec 3373:Notre nationalisme 3165:10.1111/nana.12679 2855:, 26–27 April 1999 2845:Seymour, Michel. " 2819:2008-10-14 at the 2750:Courtois, Stéphane 2474:Ignatieff, Michael 2290:Bellavance, Marcel 2196:13#1 (2003): 1–8. 2018:Rioux, X. Hubert. 1944:(UBC Press, 2012). 1837:Clift, Dominique. 1754:Quebec nationalism 1585:. October 7, 2020. 1313:La Nouvelle France 1273:Politics of Quebec 1268:Politics of Canada 1243:French nationalism 1094:L'Action nationale 976:Nationalist groups 742:Ethnic nationalism 720:Queen's University 550: 467:were discredited. 355:British Parliament 353:. This act of the 167:invaded New France 126:The settlement of 61:cultural belonging 53:Quebec nationalism 50: 18:Quebec nationalist 7443: 7442: 7201:Meech Lake Accord 7188:Canada Health Act 7140:Province building 7081:Language politics 6797:Plains of Abraham 6792:Chateau Frontenac 6695:Toronto Blue Jays 6652:Culture of Canada 6635:Great Flag Debate 6532:Culture of Quebec 6470:Culture of Canada 6458:Canadian identity 6424: 6423: 6167:Catalan Countries 5771: 5770: 5736: 5735: 5691: 5690: 5555: 5554: 5460: 5459: 5194: 5193: 4812: 4811: 4708: 4707: 4531: 4530: 4392:Culture and media 4147: 4146: 4044:Quebec autonomism 4039:Quebec federalism 4034:National question 3863:Political parties 3794:Opposition Leader 3667:978-2-89034-009-1 3646:978-0-226-74416-2 3610:978-0-8020-6040-2 3558:978-0-313-30039-4 3516:978-0-88552-036-7 3470:978-2-89035-016-8 3445:978-0-8020-5320-6 3426:978-0-00-637636-1 3393:978-0-88579-021-0 3363:978-0-19-924076-0 3330:978-0-7710-9902-1 3305:978-0-299-11510-4 3286:978-0-8020-2645-3 3259:978-2-89070-000-0 3225:978-0-87674-045-3 3191:978-2-89052-123-0 3130:978-2-89035-045-8 3105:978-0-88862-381-2 3053:978-2-89111-062-4 3028:978-0-7705-0970-5 2974:978-0-8448-1697-5 2944:978-0-7735-0424-0 2917:978-0-919618-45-9 2869:L'ultramontanisme 2762:Dufresne, Jacques 2322:978-2-7646-0564-6 2035:978-1-55365-413-1 1917:978-0-7735-3268-7 1816:Carens, Joseph H. 1808:Buchanan, Allen. 1248:History of Quebec 1189:Maîtres chez nous 1044:Quebec autonomist 997:Quebec autonomism 827:official language 758:Premier of Quebec 724:Charles Blattberg 693: 692: 685: 528:Maurice Duplessis 446:Archibald Acheson 337:nation canadienne 204:Thirteen Colonies 195:which guaranteed 16:(Redirected from 7463: 7341:Royal Commission 7335: 7297: 7195:Victoria Charter 7031:Quiet Revolution 6964:Distinct society 6929:Acadian movement 6807:Canadian Rockies 6772:Winter in Canada 6724:Calgary Stampede 6663:Hockey in Canada 6556:Anti-Americanism 6451: 6444: 6437: 6428: 6427: 6417: 6302:Republika Srpska 6111:Walloon Movement 5991:Flemish Movement 5564: 5563: 5469: 5468: 5373: 5372: 5203: 5202: 4821: 4820: 4717: 4716: 4585: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4558: 4551: 4544: 4535: 4534: 4358:Option nationale 4317:Québec solidaire 4197:List of subjects 4174: 4167: 4160: 4151: 4150: 3881:Québec solidaire 3848:Current assembly 3764:François Legault 3749: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3671: 3650: 3634: 3623: 3614: 3589: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3538: 3529: 3520: 3501: 3485: 3474: 3449: 3430: 3411: 3397: 3376: 3367: 3348:Keating, Michael 3343: 3334: 3309: 3290: 3274: 3263: 3238: 3229: 3204: 3195: 3176: 3143: 3134: 3109: 3084: 3068: 3057: 3032: 3007: 2998: 2989: 2978: 2957: 2948: 2932: 2921: 2905: 2894: 2876: 2863: 2854: 2841: 2828: 2805: 2790:, April 10, 2003 2789: 2773: 2757: 2745: 2726: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2679: 2662: 2642: 2625: 2608: 2591: 2574: 2554: 2537: 2513: 2496: 2469: 2452: 2445:Diane, Lamoureux 2436: 2412: 2395: 2378: 2361: 2344: 2335: 2315: 2306: 2297: 2285: 2283:Le Québec en jeu 2223:archived version 1923:Keating, Michael 1752:Claude Bélanger 1734: 1733: 1730: 1724: 1722:indépendentistes 1718: 1710: 1709: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1663: 1655: 1654: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1628: 1622:Montreal Gazette 1614: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1604: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1559: 1550: 1549: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1532: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1493: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1464: 1449: 1448: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1350:. Archived from 1340: 1327: 1326: 1308: 1288:Quiet Revolution 1210: 1198:André Laurendeau 1191: 1183: 1177: 1166: 1097: 1034:Québec Solidaire 1007:Option nationale 971: 961: 949: 933: 932: 919: 918: 910:François Legault 892: 891: 864:François Legault 781:, leader of the 772: 761:Jacques Parizeau 754: 737: 736: 688: 681: 677: 674: 668: 642: 641: 634: 608:just the 1960s. 512:Quiet Revolution 466: 465: 453: 443: 429: 428: 419:Jocquelin Waller 384: 383: 378: 377: 362: 348: 339: 333: 319: 229:French Canadians 226: 211: 200: 190: 160:Seven Years' War 157: 116: 106:Quiet Revolution 42:Parc Maisonneuve 21: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7418: 7407:La Francophonie 7351: 7333: 7295: 7277:Self-Government 7266:Indian Register 7224: 7175:Canada Act 1982 7131: 7124: 7076: 6993:Notable events: 6917: 6908: 6867: 6811: 6787:Parliament Hill 6755: 6751:Music of Canada 6746:Canadian humour 6736:Media of Canada 6683:Edmonton Oilers 6640: 6560: 6498: 6493:Canadian values 6460: 6455: 6425: 6420: 6402: 6394: 6346: 6282:Northern Epirus 6252:Ketuanan Melayu 6120: 6006:Future of Åland 5944: 5880:Native American 5777:Pan-nationalism 5767: 5732: 5696:Northern Europe 5687: 5621: 5580: 5560:Southern Europe 5551: 5510: 5456: 5435: 5399: 5364: 5291: 5190: 5159: 5111: 5065: 4980: 4907: 4808: 4777: 4756: 4747:Native American 4704: 4693:Southern Africa 4688: 4667: 4631: 4573: 4567: 4562: 4532: 4527: 4475: 4456:La Maison-Bleue 4387: 4331: 4312:Parti Québécois 4266: 4228:1995 referendum 4223:1980 referendum 4213:Francœur Motion 4201: 4183: 4178: 4148: 4143: 4062: 4017: 3962: 3938:Parti équitable 3886:Parti Québécois 3857: 3834: 3830:Former Speakers 3811: 3788: 3769:Former premiers 3750: 3741: 3732:J. 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4452: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4414:Breaking Point 4410: 4403: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4278:Bloc Québécois 4274: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4218:October Crisis 4215: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4176: 4169: 4162: 4154: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4031: 4025: 4023: 4022:Current issues 4019: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4008: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3844: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3809: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3760: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3728: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3712: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3689: 3682: 3681: 3672: 3666: 3651: 3645: 3624: 3615: 3609: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3563: 3557: 3539: 3530: 3521: 3515: 3502: 3496: 3475: 3469: 3450: 3444: 3431: 3425: 3412: 3398: 3392: 3377: 3368: 3362: 3344: 3335: 3329: 3310: 3304: 3291: 3285: 3264: 3258: 3239: 3230: 3224: 3205: 3196: 3190: 3177: 3144: 3135: 3129: 3110: 3104: 3085: 3079: 3058: 3052: 3033: 3027: 3008: 2999: 2990: 2979: 2973: 2958: 2949: 2943: 2922: 2916: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2877:, May 20, 2000 2865: 2861:Philosophiques 2856: 2843: 2830: 2807: 2791: 2775: 2759: 2755:Philosophiques 2747: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2719: 2702: 2693: 2681: 2672: 2652: 2635: 2618: 2601: 2584: 2567:Monière, Denis 2564: 2547: 2527: 2506: 2489: 2471: 2462: 2442: 2422: 2405: 2388: 2371: 2354: 2337: 2325: 2308: 2299: 2287: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2259:Policy Options 2255: 2244: 2237: 2226: 2215:Kymlicka, Will 2212: 2201: 2190: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2158: 2143:Michel Seymour 2135: 2128: 2121: 2114: 2103: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2064: 2042: 2023: 2016: 1997: 1982: 1967: 1945: 1938: 1920: 1905: 1886: 1864: 1842: 1835: 1818:, ed. (1995), 1813: 1806: 1787: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1696: 1674: 1633: 1609: 1588: 1574: 1551: 1537: 1512: 1483: 1450: 1425: 1399: 1374: 1365: 1328: 1322:978-0870135286 1321: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1201: 1185: 1171: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1137:Storm Alliance 1134: 1133:(2015–present) 1128: 1125: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1076: 1073: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1037: 1036:(2006–present) 1031: 1025: 1024:(1968–present) 1019: 1013: 1010: 1004: 990: 989:(1991–present) 987:Bloc Québécois 982: 979: 977: 974: 939: 936: 931:Bloc Québécois 895:Stephen Harper 889:Bloc Québécois 875: 872: 821:under Premier 799: 796: 779:Paul Plamondon 743: 740: 728:Michel Seymour 691: 690: 646: 644: 637: 631: 628: 566: 563: 507: 504: 483:ultramontanism 477: 474: 472: 469: 464:Parti patriote 435:92 resolutions 427:Parti canadien 399:Wolfred Nelson 382:Parti patriote 375:Parti canadien 236: 233: 145: 142: 123: 120: 118: 110: 40:on June 24 at 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7468: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7339: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7253: 7250: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7211: 7208: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7038:speech (1967) 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7016: 7015:Regulation 17 7013: 7010: 7007: 7004: 7003:Durham Report 7001: 6998: 6995: 6992: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6959:Two Solitudes 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6870: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6777:Niagara Falls 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6758: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6551:Annexationism 6549: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6537: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6459: 6452: 6447: 6445: 6440: 6438: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6415: 6414: 6410: 6409:ethnic groups 6406: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6358:Local (China) 6356: 6355: 6353: 6349: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6222:Herzeg-Bosnia 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5739: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5558: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5463: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5438: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5002:in Bangladesh 5000: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985:Southern Asia 4983: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782:South America 4780: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720:North America 4718: 4715: 4711: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4576: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4554: 4552: 4547: 4545: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480:Miscellaneous 4478: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4407:L'aut'journal 4404: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4292:Climat Québec 4290: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4170: 4168: 4163: 4161: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3705: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3691: 3690: 3687: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3632: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3591: 3587: 3586:Les Québécois 3582: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3497:9780802052117 3493: 3489: 3484: 3483: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3385: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3272: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3086: 3082: 3080:9780770503420 3076: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3034: 3030: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2930: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2886: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2808: 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