2587:. Liberal governments of the 1960s followed a robust nationalist policy of "maîtres chez nous" ("masters in our own home") that would see French-speaking Quebecers use the state to elevate their economic status and assert their cultural identity. The government took control of the education system, nationalized power production and distribution into Hydro-Québec (the provincial power utility), unionized the civil service, founded the Caisse de Depot to manage the massive new government pension program, and invested in companies that promoted French Canadians to management positions in industry. In 1966, the Union Nationale returned to power despite losing the popular vote by nearly seven points to the Liberal Party, but could not turn the tide of modernization and secularization that the Quiet Revolution had started. Both
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4905:
3236:; it advocated recognizing Quebec as an equal and independent (or "sovereign") nation that would form an economic "association" with the rest of Canada. An architect of the Quiet Revolution, LĂ©vesque was frustrated by federal-provincial bickering over what he saw as increasing federal government intrusions into provincial jurisdictions. He saw a formal break with Canada as a way out of this. He broke with the provincial Liberals who remained committed to the policy of defending provincial autonomy inside Canada.
144:
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36:
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743:. Its members are appointed by the National Assembly. The commission has been given powers to promote and protect human rights within all sectors of Québec society. Government institutions and Parliament are bound by the provisions of the Charter. The commission may investigate into possible cases of discrimination, whether by the State or by private parties. It may introduce litigation if its recommendations were not followed.
3461:. Sixty per cent of the Quebec electorate voted against the sovereignty-association project. After opening a final round of constitutional talks, the Trudeau government patriated the constitution in 1982 without the approval of the Quebec government, which sought to retain a veto on constitutional amendments along with other special legal recognition within Canada. The new constitution featured a modern
4688:
3441:. The revised law of 1988 adheres to the Supreme Court judgment, specifying that signs can be multilingual so long as French is predominant. The maintenance of an inspectorate to enforce the sign laws remains controversial. However, most Quebeckers adhere to the sign laws, as remembrance of what Montreal looked like (an English city for a French majority) before the sign laws is still vivid.
4368:"That the National Assembly reiterates its desire to promote the language, history, culture and values of the Québécois nation, promote integration into our nation in a spirit of openness and reciprocity, and bear witness to its attachment to our religious and historical heritage represented by the crucifix in our Blue Room and by our coat of arms adorning our institutions."
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Canada. Before the arrival of the Parti Québécois, all major Quebec parties were federalist and nationalist. Since then, the party most associated with this view is the
Liberal Party of Quebec. On two occasions, federalist nationalists of Quebec attempted to reform the Canadian federation together with allies in other provinces. The 1990
4550:
GHG/km. This emission level was also lowered every year until it fell to 127 g of GHG/km in 2016. Manufacturers have to obtain an emission average equivalent to that of the enforced level, so they are still be able to sell vehicles that sometimes exceed this threshold. These standards are as strict as those of
3860:
the voters who gave Brian
Mulroney two back-to-back majorities in the 1980s, when he promised to bring Quebec into Canada's constitution "with honour and enthusiasm."" They swing between a desire for full independence, and for the recognition of Quebec nationhood and independence within Canada. They are typically
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3656:
was lauded by federalists for his impassioned and articulate defense of Canada during the referendum. He left the
Progressive Conservative Party to lead the provincial Liberals (no legal relation to its federal counterpart) and a "No" campaign in the event of another referendum, and led his new party
782:
Established in 1963, the
Conseil du statut de la femme (Council on the Status of Women) is a government advisory and study council responsible for informing the government of the status of women's rights in Québec. The council is made of a chair and 10 members appointed by the Québec government every
4479:
Quebec is the only
Canadian province that has set up a ministry to exclusively embody the state's powers for matters of international relations. In other provinces, the general tendency is to entrust this type of mandate to a minister that was already carrying out other responsibilities (most likely
3598:
and Dumont insisted that negotiations with the federal government should come before a declaration of independence. They compromised with an agreement to work together followed by a referendum question that would propose resorting to a UDI by the
National Assembly only if negotiations to negotiate a
3374:
to stop what was described as an "Apprehended
Insurrection" by the FLQ. Critics charge that Trudeau violated civil liberties by arresting thousands of political activists without a warrant as allowed by the Act. Supporters of these measures point to their popularity at the time and the fact that the
730:
is a legislative officer responsible for handling complaints from individuals, companies and associations who believe the government of Quebec or any of its branches has made an error or treated them unjustly. The
Ombudsman has certain powers defined by the Public Protector Act. The Québec Ombudsman
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for the first time but however to regain months later) nor the Quebec
Liberals won a majority. Québec Solidaire also gained a few seats from the Parti Québécois collapse and a couple from Quebec Liberals. This also ended the interest of Quebec independence from Canada for a while, as seemingly half
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replaced the
Liberals federally in 1984 and governed until 1993. Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney brought together all provincial premiers, including Robert Bourassa, to get the Quebec government's signature on the constitution. The Meech Lake Accord in 1987 recognized Quebec
3465:
based on individual freedoms that would ban racial, sexual, and linguistic discrimination and enshrine minority language rights (English in Quebec, French elsewhere in Canada). After dominating Quebec politics for more than a decade, both LĂ©vesque and Trudeau would then retire from politics shortly
3859:
So-called "soft nationalists" have been characterized as "those who were willing to support Quebec independence only if they could be reasonably reassured that it would not produce economic hardship in the short term", and as "people who call themselves Quebecers first, Canadians second". They are
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colonizing agent of English Canada. Consequently, they demand complete independence for Quebec, which they view in the context of national liberation movements in Africa and the Caribbean of the 1960s. Independence is seen as the culmination of a natural societal progression, from colonization to
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Sovereigntists are moderate nationalists who do not believe Canada to be reformable in a way that could answer what they see as the legitimate wish of Quebecers to govern themselves freely. They opt for the independence of Quebec; however, at the same time, they insist on offering an economic and
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in order to accommodate the wish of Quebecers to continue to exist as a distinct society by its culture, its history, its language, and so on. They recognize the existence of the Quebec political (or civic) nation; however, they do not think Quebecers truly wish to be independent from the rest of
3664:
Prior to the 2018 election, the political status of Quebec inside Canada used to remain a central question. This desire for greater provincial autonomy has often been expressed during the annual constitutional meetings of provincial premiers with the Prime Minister of Canada. In Quebec, no single
714:), the government ministers, the ministers of state and delegate ministers. The Executive Council directs the government and the civil service, and oversees the enforcement of laws, regulations and policies. Together with the Lieutenant Governor, it constitutes the government of Québec. See also
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in Quebec. Following this announcement, the government undertook the initiatives needed to keep its promises. On January 14, 2010, a law came into effect aimed at reducing vehicle GHGs. Automobile manufacturers who sell vehicles in Quebec have to comply with an emission ceiling of 187 g of
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and those businesses with over one hundred employees were obliged to establish a Committee of francization As well, the language law placed restrictions on school enrollment for children based on parental language of education and banned outdoor commercial signs displaying languages other than
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was CA$ 2,168 (€1,700)—less than half of Canada's average tuition. Quebec universities are among the least expensive in Canada. Part of the reason for this is the relative democratization of higher education implemented during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, when the Quebec government froze
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and threaten to excommunicate sympathisers of liberal ideas. For the time it lasted, the Duplessis regime resisted the North American and European trend of massive State investment in education, health, and social programs, turning away federal transfers of funds earmarked for these fields; he
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Quebec's national policy covers all areas relating to the Quebec nation. It establishes the values and foundations on which Quebec society bases its cohesion and its specificity. The Québécois constitution is enshrined in a series of social and cultural traditions that are defined in a set of
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The first law related to privacy protection is the Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 1971. It ensured that all persons had the right to access their credit record. A little later, the Professional Code enshrined principles such as professional secrecy and the confidential nature of personal
3606:
Parizeau resigned and was replaced by Bouchard. The sovereigntist option was pushed aside until they could establish "winning conditions". Bouchard was suspected by hard-line sovereigntists as having a weak commitment to Quebec independence. Bouchard, in turn, was ill at ease with the ardent
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The Accord faced stiff opposition from a number of quarters. In Quebec and across Canada, some objected to it arguing that "distinct society" provisions were unclear and could lead to attempts at a gradual independence for Quebec from Canada, and compromising the Charter of Rights. The Parti
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put the sovereigntist option aside entirely and ran on a fiscally conservative agenda. They won three consecutive byelections, and their popularity soared fleetingly in opinion polls shortly before the 2003 provincial election, in which they won only four seats and 18% of the popular vote.
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occurred for a number of reasons including regulations that made French the only language of communication allowed between employers and their employees. Under pain of financial penalties, all businesses in Quebec having more than fifty employees were required to obtain a certificate of
3709:
is the debate regarding the future of Quebec and the status of it as a province of Canada. Political parties are organized along ideologies that favour independence from Canada (sovereigntist or separatist) and various degrees of autonomy within Canada (autonomists or federalists).
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The sovereigntist campaign remained moribund under Parizeau. It was only with a few weeks to go in the campaign that support for sovereignty skyrocketed to above 50%. On October 30, 1995, the partnership proposal was rejected by an extremely slim margin of less than one per cent.
596:
While the advice of the premier and Executive Council is typically binding on the lieutenant governor, there are occasions when the lieutenant governor has refused advice. This usually occurs if the premier does not clearly command the confidence of the elected National Assembly.
637:. These honours are presented at official ceremonies, which count among hundreds of other engagements the lieutenant governor takes part in each year, either as host or guest of honour; in 2006, the lieutenant governor of Quebec undertook 400 engagements and 200 in 2007.
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from the federal government, transfer payments from other provinces and direct payments. By some measures Quebec is the highest taxed province; a 2012 study indicated that "Quebec companies pay 26 per cent more in taxes than the Canadian average". A 2014 report by the
4599:, but mainly hydroelectricity. Compared to Alberta... There is the whole structure of the economy that could explain this phenomenon" analyzes the academic Erick Lachapelle. Nearly 500,000 people took part in a climate protest on the streets of Montreal in 2019.
791:
A first in North America, the Commission d'accès à l'information du Québec (Quebec Commission on Access to Information, CAI) is an institution created in 1982 to administer the Quebec legislative framework of access to information and protection of privacy.
3512:
The Accord collapsed in 1990 when Liberal governments came to power in Manitoba and Newfoundland, and did not ratify the agreement. Prime Minister Mulroney, Premier Bourassa, and the other provincial premiers negotiated another constitutional deal, the
954:
On July 1, 1998, 69 linguistic school boards, 60 Francophone and 9 Anglophone, were created in replacement for the former 153 Catholic and Protestant boards. In order to pass this law, which ended a debate of over 30 years, it was necessary for the
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tuition fees to a relatively low level and created CEGEPs. When Jean Charest's government decided in 2012 to sharply increase university fees, students protests erupted. Because of these protests, Quebec's tuition fees remain relatively low today.
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Today, the CAI administers the law framework of the Act respecting access to documents held by public bodies and the protection of personal information as well as the Act respecting the protection of personal information in the private sector.
4720:
3260:, who campaigned against the violation of civil liberties under Duplessis and the economic and political marginalization of French Quebecers in the 1950s. Trudeau saw official bilingualism in Canada as the best way of remedying this.
540:
Many of Quebec's political institutions are among the oldest in North America. The first part of this article presents the main political institutions of Quebec society. The last part presents Québec's current politics and issues.
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3457:" with the federal government. The Referendum promised that a subsequent deal would be ratified with a second referendum. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau would campaign against it, promising a renewed federalism based on a new
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The population of Quebec seems to be more sensitive to environmental issues than the population of other Canadian provinces. According to a 2019 university study, 67% of Québécois residents are aware of humanity's impact on
3399:
in 1976. The first PQ government was known as the "republic of professors", for its high number of candidates teaching at the university level. The PQ government passed laws limiting financing of political parties and the
3404:(Bill 101). The Charter established French as the sole official language of Quebec. The government claimed the Charter was needed to preserve the French language in an overwhelmingly anglophone North American continent.
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for French-speaking countries. Since the 1960s, Quebec has an international network of delegations which represent the Government of Quebec abroad. It is currently represented in 28 foreign locations and includes six
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strongly support this form of federalism. They may recognize the national status of Quebec, but only informally in the cultural and sociological sense. The traditional vehicle for "status-quo" federalists is the
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is responsible for the selection and integration of immigrants, and immigration policy favours respect for Québécois values as well as respect for Quebec's cultural, historical and social characteristics.
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and gave the Montreal-based Anglo-Scot business elite, as well as British and American capital a free rein in running the Quebec economy. His government also continued to attempt to prevent circulation of
6113:
4468:, or matters relating to treaties, deals, accords and programs, only Quebecois political bodies have negotiatic power, along with heads of state, governments, embassies and foreign consulates. Under the
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supports Quebec's right to self-determination, but they are firmly opposed to sovereignty, and do not support any major devolving of economic and political powers to Quebec's provincial government.
692:
The government of Quebec consists of all the ministries and governmental branches that do not have the status of independent institutions, such as municipalities and regional county municipalities.
831:
In 1973, the Tribunal des professions was created to behave as an appeal tribunal to decisions taken by the various discipline committees of Quebec's professional orders. The current president is
3509:
said that the Accord compromised principles of provincial equality, and ignored the grievances of the Western provinces. Aboriginal groups demanded "distinct society" status similar to Quebec's.
3279:(English-speaking in Quebec, French-speaking elsewhere) the right to federal services in their language of choice, where the number justifies federal spending. He also implemented the policy of
7469:
4694:, Premier from 1939 to 1944. He granted women the right to vote in 1940, made education compulsory until age 14, introduced free primary school education, and affirmed workers' rights to
1108:. English and French were made the official languages in Quebec Courts and the provincial legislature. The Quebec school system was provided public funding for a dual system based on the
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4789:(RAMQ) which works to maintain the accessibility of services for all citizens of Quebec. Pre-hospital care and rescue missions are provided by foundations and non-profit organizations.
3811:
movement who believe Quebec should seek to gain more political autonomy as a province while remaining a part of the Canadian federation. In 2018 election that the only Autonomist party
849:
An administrative tribunal, the Tribunal administratif du Québec is in operation since April 1, 1998, to resolve disputes between citizens and the government. The current president is
767:. It is responsible for applying and defining Québec's language policy pertaining to linguistic officialization, terminology and francization of public administration and businesses.
4725:(CNESST) is the main body responsible for the application of labour laws in Quebec and enforcing the collective agreements concluded between unions of employees and their employers.
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amid continued anger over the rejection of the Meech Lake Accord. The Parizeau government quickly held a referendum on sovereignty in 1995. Premier Parizeau favoured a unilateral
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Cabinet Minister who felt humiliated by the defeat of the Meech Lake Accord, led other Quebec Progressive Conservatives and Liberals out of their parties to form the sovereigntist
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4433:(for the federal government). These offices' mandate is to ensure an institutional presence of the Government of Quebec near other Canadian governments and to allow Quebec to
3607:
nationalism of some elements in the Parti Québécois. He eventually resigned over alleged instances of anti-Semitism within the hard-line wing of the party and was replaced by
663:
electoral method. Never varying from first-past-the-post, of all the provinces of Canada, Quebec is the only province that since 1867 has not ever used a multi-seat district.
4708:
has the mandate to oversee social and workforce developments through Emploi-Québec and its local employment centers (CLE). This ministry is also responsible for managing the
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has allowed Quebec to integrate better into the Canadian community, in addition to guaranteeing a legal and linguistic context conducive to the development of the province.
3638:
came under sharp criticism for mishandling the "No" side of the referendum campaign. He launched a hard-line "Plan B" campaign by bringing in Montreal constitutional expert
4595:, while the figure drops to 47% in Saskatchewan and to 42% in Alberta. The economic structure of each of these provinces could be one explanation: "Quebec does not produce
626:
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Churches maintained the control they previously gained over social services such as schools and hospitals. The authoritarian Duplessis used the provincial police and the "
4535:
706:
The Executive Council is the body responsible for decision-making in the government. It is composed of the Lieutenant Governor (known as the Governor-in-Council), the
4446:
4545:: Quebec intended to reduce its emissions by 20% by 2020 (compared to the emissions of 1990) and will focus on the transportation sector, which accounts for 40% of
3864:, and tend to be swayed by the political climate, becoming "harder" nationalists when angered by perceived rejection by English Canada (such as the blocking of the
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It is also based on a set of statements which clarify and reinforce already established social practices. For example, in his press release on February 8, 2007,
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3283:, answering the concern of immigrant communities that their cultural identities were being ignored. In 1971, Trudeau also failed in an attempt to bring home the
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in 2000 to establish strict criteria for accepting a referendum result for sovereignty and a tough negotiating position in the event of a Quebec secession bid.
3611:. Tensions between the left wing of the party and the relatively fiscal conservative party executive under Bouchard and Landry also led to the formation of the
3892:
political partnership to the rest of Canada on the basis of the equality of both nations. The political parties created by the sovereigntists created are the
569:
While the powers of the Crown are vested in the monarch, they are exercised by the lieutenant governor, his personal representative, typically on the binding
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470:
in 1791. The diagram at right represents the political system of Québec since the 1968 reform. Prior to this reform, the Parliament of Québec was bicameral.
4557:
Hydroelectricity is Quebec's main energy source. The Hydro-Québec corporation, owned by the government of Quebec, is the main producer and provider of this
739:
The Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse (Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission) is a publicly funded agency created by the
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3517:. It weakened Meech provisions on Quebec and sought to resolve the concerns of the West, and was soundly rejected by a country-wide referendum in 1992.
3947:
provincial autonomy to outright independence. Accordingly, they tend to favour assertive declarations of independence over negotiations, idealizing the
655:. However, it has a few special characteristics, one of the most important being that it functions primarily in French, although French and English are
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3253:
832:
727:
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http://www.cyberpresse.ca/le-soleil/actualites/environnement/200912/29/01-934788-ges-le-quebec-sera-aussi-severe-que-la-californie-a-la-mi-janvier.php
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Immigration to Quebec is supported by integration programs favouring French, as it is the common language, as well as the principles of pluralism and
843:
7188:
4676:
4573:
850:
4215:
3952:
8187:
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6992:
828:. The judges of the first are appointed by the Government of Quebec, while the judges of the two others are appointed by the Government of Canada.
613:, which sets the lieutenant governor of Quebec apart from the other Canadian viceroys. (Instead, new sessions begin with the Opening Speech by the
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4768:
4020:
3868:), but "softening" when they perceive sovereigntists as threatening the economic and social stability seemingly afforded by Canadian federalism.
621:. For instance, upon installation, the lieutenant governor automatically becomes a Knight or Dame of Justice and the Vice-Prior in Quebec of the
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758:
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option regarding autonomy currently gathers a majority of support. Therefore, the question remains unresolved after almost 50 years of debate.
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The Parliament of Québec holds the legislative power. It consists of the National Assembly of Québec and the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.
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to an election victory in 2003. He was re-elected as provincial Premier in the election of 2007, and again in 2008, after having called a
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the provinces were granted control of education. The religious-based separate school systems continued in Quebec until the 1990s when the
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3350:(FLQ) was formed in an effort to attain Quebec independence. In October 1970, their activities culminated in events referred to as the
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7015:
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4878:(government houses), four delegations (government offices), nine government bureaus, six trade branches, and three business agents.
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Many also view the spectre of Quebec secession as a useful negotiation tool to gain more powers within Confederation. For example,
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official and the Assembly's records are published in both languages. The representatives of the Québec people are elected with the
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3434:
100:
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4472:, any agreement made abroad, by the federal or Quebecois government, is only applicable in domestic politics by the consent of
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72:
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at the end of 1968, the National Assembly has all the powers to enact laws in the provincial jurisdiction as specified in the
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and the Parti Québécois, which its members define as a party of social democratic tendency. The Parti Québécois organized a
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7083:
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4803:(CPEs; 'centres for young children') are institutions that link family policies to education. They are administered by the
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2274:
618:
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79:
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7502:
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6678:
6162:"Accord Canada-Québec relatif à l'immigration et à l'admission temporaire des aubains (Accord Gagnon-Tremblay—McDougall)"
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4615:, agricultural zones were created to ensure the protection of fertile land, which make up 2% of Quebec's total area. The
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was English. This exodus of English speakers provided a substantial and permanent boost to the population of the city of
392:
159:
53:
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who evangelized in French Canada. The clergy used its influence to exhort Catholic voters to continue electing with the
808:
Independent from the government, this institution is responsible for the administration of the Québec electoral system.
761:(Quebec Office of the French language) is an organization created in 1961. Its mandate was greatly expanded by the 1977
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3536:, leader of the Quebec Liberal Party's youth wing left Bourassa's party to form a "soft nationalist" and sovereigntist
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four to five years. The head office of the council is in Québec City and it has 11 regional offices throughout Québec.
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4534:(MELCC) is the primary entity responsible for the application of environmental policy on the Québécois territory. The
2583:, the political power of the church was greatly reduced. Quebec entered an accelerated decade of changes known as the
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3879:(Equality or independence) in the late 1960s as a way of pressing for increased powers from the federal government.
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was created. It became the first judicial tribunal in Canada specializing in human rights. The current president is
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from Quebec that, according to Statistics Canada (2003), since 1971 saw a drop of 599,000 of those Quebecers whose
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to assume the major role in the Canadian system, with occasional involvement in areas of provincial jurisdiction.
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called for military assistance to guard government officials. Prime Minister Trudeau responded by declaring the
589:.Thus, it is typically the lieutenant governor whom the premier and ministers advise, in exercising much of the
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6060:"Consolidated provincial and territorial government revenue and expenditures, by province and territory, 2009"
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are essentially public property. The calculation of annual cutting possibilities is the responsibility of the
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On October 30, 2003, the National Assembly adopted a resolution reaffirming that the people of Quebec form a
3685:, won the majority of seats, the first time since 1966 that neither the Parti Québécois (which also lost its
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4671:(UPA) seeks to protect the interests of its members, including forestry workers, and works jointly with the
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FLQ was wiped out. Independence-minded Quebecers would now opt for the social democratic nationalism of the
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The federalist nationalists are nationalists who believe it is best for the people of Quebec to reform the
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3594:(UDI) followed by negotiations with the federal government if sovereignty were endorsed in the referendum.
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refused to accept a deal that would not include a Constitutional veto on federal institutions for Quebec.
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5606:"Procès-verbal de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec, number 87, 1st session, 38th legislature, 22 May 2008"
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Through its civil society, Quebec is also present in many international organizations and forums such as
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indicated that "Relative to its size, Quebec is the most indebted province in Canada by a wide margin".
4451:
3753:
and view Canada as a bilingual, multicultural nation based on individual rights. They stress that their
3493:". The Mulroney government also transferred considerable power over immigration and taxation to Quebec.
970:
is explicitly banned in Quebec, upheld by a unanimous vote against it in 2005 by the National Assembly.
630:
8284:
8107:
8053:
7841:
7673:
7408:
7183:
6658:
5844:
4987:
4660:
4503:
4189:
3706:
3567:
2516:
1840:
1428:
582:
7510:
6809:
4561:
and low-pollution energy. Hydro-Québec is a profitable company in constant expansion (for example the
4006:
3812:
3678:
3615:, another social-democratic sovereigntist party that later merged with other left-wing groups to form
2701:
8294:
8063:
7748:
7308:
6914:
6708:
5766:
5717:
4942:
4578:
4461:
4395:
3770:
3408:
825:
6199:"Au Québec pour bâtir ensemble : Énoncé de politique en matière d'immigration et d'intégration"
5787:
2591:
and Union Nationale governments continued to oppose federal intrusion into provincial jurisdiction.
7981:
7971:
7728:
7068:
6894:
6738:
5743:"Bureau du Québec dans les Provinces atlantiques - Secrétariat du Québec aux relations canadiennes"
5592:
4977:
4952:
4567:
4538:(SEPAQ) is the main body responsible for the management of national parks, wildlife reserves, etc.
4174:
3816:
3407:
The enactment of Bill 101 was highly controversial and led to an immediate and sustained exodus of
3046:
2928:
2550:
2496:
2081:
586:
466:
The British-type parliamentarism based on the Westminster system was introduced in the province of
7592:
7567:
7562:
6638:
4736:, a 9.975% sales tax and various other taxes (such as carbon, corporate and capital gains taxes),
4102:
890:
531:
there are 125 Members of the National Assembly, so approximately one MNA for each 45,000 electors.
8117:
7966:
7753:
7048:
7020:
6919:
6718:
4967:
4957:
4870:
4637:
4238:
4048:
3779:
3690:
of Quebecers preferred returning to the idea of receiving more political autonomy within Canada.
3631:
3454:
3430:
3387:
Broad-based dissatisfaction by both English and French-speaking Quebecers with the government of
3323:
3249:
3229:
3083:
2206:
866:
570:
400:
396:
169:
46:
7002:
6643:
5449:
4629:
of Quebec and is recognized for its agro-food, veterinary and agro-environmental biotechnology.
4083:
3564:, Quebec, was one of two Progressive Conservatives left in Parliament, and became party leader.
906:
93:
8314:
8246:
8209:
8145:
7797:
7650:
7645:
7293:
7073:
6863:
5873:
5616:
4515:
3901:
3897:
3828:
3668:
3573:
3502:
3453:, Premier René Lévesque asked the Quebec people for "a mandate to negotiate" his proposal for "
3450:
3311:
3268:
2545:
1129:
1117:
1097:
675:
667:
656:
610:
361:
246:
179:
148:
6188:
Résolution de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec sur la défense des valeurs québécoises, mai 2008
4947:
4541:
On November 23, 2009, Jean Charest announced Quebec's greenhouse gas reduction targets at the
3429:
French. The section of the law regarding language on signs was deemed unconstitutional by the
8155:
8092:
7010:
6651:
4542:
4062:
3746:
3686:
3458:
3330:
stating "The state has no business in the bedrooms of the nation"; he also created the first
3284:
2524:
933:
821:
7552:
3599:
new political "partnership" under Lucien Bouchard failed to produce results after one year.
2519:, a centre-right party in Quebec that emphasized provincial autonomy and allied itself with
485:
asks the leader of the majority party to form a government in which he will serve as Premier
8329:
8216:
7733:
7683:
7678:
7525:
7515:
6899:
6703:
5843:
Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs du Québec, ed. (2006).
5169:"Canada Wide > About Us > The Order of St. John > The Order of St. John in Canada"
4890:
4842:
4313:
3999:
3992:
3960:
3837:
3802:
3682:
3579:
3514:
3392:
3376:
3252:
in Ottawa sought to address the new political assertiveness of Quebec. He commissioned the
2814:
2745:
2588:
2576:
2309:
2147:
1644:
1278:
1121:
956:
918:
687:
550:
508:
313:
166:
4783:(ASSS; 'health and social services agencies'). Quebec's health system is supported by the
3366:, a provincial minister and Vice-Premier, who was killed a few days later. Quebec Premier
2555:
jealously guarded provincial jurisdictions. Common parlance speaks of these years as "La
882:
715:
8:
8274:
7954:
7920:
7778:
7738:
7723:
7203:
7053:
6904:
6889:
6759:
6723:
6693:
6353:"Loi sur la Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (L.R.Q., chapitre S-13.01)"
6227:
4997:
4846:
4810:
4608:
4473:
4347:
4231:
4041:
3932:
Indépendentistes are fully nationalist in outlook. They view the federal government as a
3893:
3849:
3549:
3529:
2595:
Post-National Assembly, Rise of Quebec nationalist movements and Recent political history
949:
660:
525:
7520:
7403:
5846:
Le Québec et les changements climatiques: un défi pour l'avenir. Plan d'action 2006-2012
5542:
4013:
3616:
3520:
The collapse of the Meech Lake Accord reshaped the entire Canadian political landscape.
3501:, opposed the Meech Lake agreement because it did not grant Quebec enough autonomy. The
2886:
926:
298:
8226:
8182:
8035:
7713:
7668:
7098:
7058:
7043:
6909:
6850:
6674:
5503:
5442:
5120:
4992:
4932:
4886:
4272:
4108:
3921:
3908:
side prevailed in both, but its margin was very narrow in the second referendum (50.6%
3766:
3438:
3233:
886:
870:
652:
447:
424:
284:
263:
196:
7577:
4691:
3904:, each of which could have led to negotiations for independence had it succeeded. The
3819:
in the mid-20th century with this view about the future of Quebec's political status.
8382:
8306:
8204:
8167:
8133:
8097:
8080:
7832:
7768:
7395:
7063:
6764:
5853:
5543:
Manifesto of the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale - Independence of Québec
5453:
5002:
4982:
4714:(QPIP) as well as last-resort financial support for families and people in need. The
3948:
3872:
3865:
3833:
3731:
3475:
3315:
3307:
2544:, combated communism and even tried to shut down other Christian religions like the
2492:
1984:
1091:
967:
862:
614:
590:
501:
420:
294:
6379:"Loi sur la protection du territoire et des activités agricoles (L.R.Q., c. P-41.1)"
6063:
4128:
3774:
3568:
1995 referendum, its aftermath and fall of interest in Quebec Independence 1995–2018
3224:
A non-violent Quebec independence movement slowly took form in the late 1960s. The
898:
8353:
8289:
8199:
8150:
7088:
7030:
6633:
6538:
4853:
4822:
4749:
4742:
4558:
4526:
Since 2006, Quebec has adopted a green plan in order to meet the objectives of the
4351:
3956:
3758:
3711:
3587:
3498:
3490:
3371:
3292:
2584:
707:
8324:
4729:
4532:
Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment, and Fight Against Climate Change
3639:
3635:
3553:
8398:
8334:
8221:
8172:
7371:
7313:
6783:
6621:
6583:
6571:
6078:
5509:
4924:
4733:
4622:
4434:
4414:
4334:
4328:
3933:
3880:
3762:
3741:
Federal Liberals largely defend Quebec's remaining within Canada and keeping the
3595:
3521:
3506:
3481:
3480:
From 1985 to 1994, the federalist provincial Liberal Party governed Quebec under
3420:
3388:
3367:
3335:
3296:
2564:
2556:
1993:
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1936–1973) – seats won by party
1594:
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1904–1935) – seats won by party
1141:
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1867–1900) – seats won by party
1125:
922:
817:
771:
272:
6612:
6509:"Loi sur les collèges d'enseignement général et professionnel (L.R.Q., c. C-29)"
5818:"Comparaison interprovinciale et analyse de l'administration publique au Canada"
5038:
3697:, the ruling party, Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ), secured 90 seats out of 125.
3642:, who would attack the perceived ambiguity of the referendum question through a
3548:, with Western conservatives voting Reform, Quebec conservatives voting for the
8340:
8319:
7635:
5718:"Bureaux du Québec au Canada - Secrétariat du Québec aux relations canadiennes"
5231:
5039:"The Westminster Approach to Prorogation, Dissolution and Fixed Date Elections"
4849:
centers, private colleges, public colleges (CEGEPs), and private universities.
4818:
4592:
4527:
4426:
4207:
4136:
3937:
3750:
3608:
3412:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3257:
3245:
1395:
1109:
8102:
5556:"Le premier ministre énonce sa vision et crée une commission spéciale d'étude"
5401:"Parties reach agreement in principle to give PQ and QS official party status"
5135:
2600:
Elections to the National Assembly of Quebec (1976–2018) – seats won by party
731:
has a social contract with Québécois to ensure the transparency of the state.
8413:
8162:
6797:
5230:(4 ed.). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 3. Archived from
4910:
4838:
4499:
4464:
that are the main interlocutors in foreign countries. In matters relating to
4406:
3658:
3244:
In reaction to events in Quebec and formal demands of the Lesage government,
910:
634:
439:
253:
215:
4716:
Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail
3669:
Return of Quebec Autonomy movement and Rise of Coalition Avenir Québec 2018–
914:
8363:
7930:
7464:
7441:
4865:
Quebec is a participating government in the international organization the
4664:
4612:
4546:
4320:
3719:
3653:
3557:
3552:, and Ontario and Western Montreal voters putting the Liberal Party led by
3533:
3425:
3303:
3275:
which made French and English official languages and guaranteed linguistic
3264:
467:
404:
371:
3757:
is based on shared civic values, and reject nationalism defined solely on
894:
631:
various awards that are named for and presented by the lieutenant governor
7935:
7117:
4584:
4469:
4354:
4183:
Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif/Parti social démocratique du Québec
4144:
3754:
3722:
are therefore present in most major parties, creating internal tensions.
3647:
3359:
2580:
2536:
2532:
435:
412:
266:
229:
186:
143:
5692:
5087:
4918:
4409:, for representing itself and defending its interests in Canada: one in
3219:
1100:, guarantees for the maintenance of its language and religion under the
8058:
7640:
6839:
5193:
4626:
4551:
4465:
4399:
4152:
3861:
3742:
3715:
3561:
3327:
3276:
2528:
2512:
2504:
1113:
1101:
163:
5978:
4246:
Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec/Parti de la Democratie Socialiste
8358:
7587:
7324:
6867:
6576:
6562:
5149:. Quebec City: l'Association québécoise de droit constitutionnel: 144
4596:
1069:– Sovereignists 23.06%, Federalists 45.40%, Autonomist/Others 30.84%
1063:– Sovereignists 30.22%, Federalists 54.65%, Autonomist/Others 14.84%
1057:– Sovereignists 41.37%, Federalists 33.78%, Autonomist/Others 22.83%
1027:– Sovereignists 42.87%, Federalists 43.55%, Autonomist/Others 11.81%
1021:– Sovereignists 33.24%, Federalists 45.99%, Autonomist/Others 19.24%
1015:– Sovereignists 31.99%, Federalists 36.93%, Autonomist/Others 30.84%
1009:– Sovereignists 38.95%, Federalists 44.25%, Autonomist/Others 16.37%
1003:– Sovereignists 39.87%, Federalists 31.20%, Autonomist/Others 27.05%
997:– Sovereignists 33.01%, Federalists 41.52%, Autonomist/Others 23.05%
991:– Sovereignists 33.16%, Federalists 27.96%, Autonomist/Others 37.42%
985:– Sovereignists 30.04%, Federalists 27.28%, Autonomist/Others 40.98%
354:
6457:"Loi sur la Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (L.R.Q., c. R-5)"
6003:
5545:. English.republiquelibre.org (2011-01-29). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
5221:
Berezovsky, Eugene (2009). Staff of Canadian Monarchist News (ed.).
1075:– Sovereignists 8.76%, Federalists 47.29%, Autonomist/Others 43.95%
1051:– Sovereignists 49.26%, Federalists 46.07%, Autonomist/Others 4.00%
1045:– Sovereignists 38.69%, Federalists 55.99%, Autonomist/Others 3.45%
1039:– Sovereignists 40.16%, Federalists 53.64%, Autonomist/Others 3.21%
1033:– Sovereignists 44.75%, Federalists 44.40%, Autonomist/Others 6.46%
391:
are centred on a provincial government resembling that of the other
35:
7597:
7537:
4767:
Quebec's health and social services network is administered by the
4755:
Ministère de l'Immigration et des Communautés culturelles du Québec
4695:
4381:
4090:
3942:
3444:
3382:
874:
861:
The territory of Quebec is divided into 17 administrative regions:
7789:
6548:
5196:"Awards Program > Lieutenant Governor of Québec Awards Program"
4687:
7386:
6673:
6564:
Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse
5224:$ 1.52 per Canadian: The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy
5017:
4519:
4422:
4418:
4410:
3416:
1132:
to formally secularize the school system along linguistic lines.
748:
Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse
6287:"Charte des droits et libertés de la personne (L.R.Q., c. C-12)"
5282:
Supreme Court of Canada. Boucher v. the King, S.C.R. 265. p. 305
4682:
3951:
of the 1830s. Their ideological origins can be found within the
7940:
7820:
6483:"Loi sur le Conseil supérieur de l'éducation (L.R.Q., c. C-60)"
5953:
4663:
with the Quebec government in order to protect forests against
4430:
4361:
3306:" with a strong federal government founded on shared values of
878:
623:
Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
408:
6030:"Revenu Québec - Basic Rules for Applying the GST/HST and QST"
1081:– Sovereignists, Federalists 56.40%, Autonomist/Others 42.15%
666:
The government is constituted by the majority party and it is
446:, which has 125 members. Government is conducted based on the
5780:"Allocution du ministre de l'Éducation, M. Paul Gérin-Lajoie"
5697:
Les premiers ministres des provinces et territoires du Canada
5379:"PQ and QS to get official party status in National Assembly"
4882:
4405:
Quebec possesses a network of three offices, each led by one
4296:("Electoral Law of Quebec"). Other notable examples include:
3644:
Supreme Court reference on the unilateral secession of Quebec
2511:
in the 1930s. This political lineage dates back to the 1850s
1096:
When Quebec became one of the four founding provinces of the
786:
4611:
regulations since 1978. Faced with the problem of expanding
4460:
coordinates guiding principles in international policy, its
4278:
judicial judgments and legislative documents, including the
3749:. They embrace the liberalism held by former Prime Minister
651:
The National Assembly is part of a legislature based on the
5911:"La "base climatosceptique" bel et bien présente au Québec"
4705:
Ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale du Québec
4511:
4507:
734:
6600:
3815:
successfully won over most of Quebec population since the
3263:
In 1968, Trudeau was elected Prime Minister on a wave of "
2645:
2628:
2621:
2616:
2609:
2033:
2021:
2014:
1603:
1175:
1165:
1150:
458:
6543:
5928:
4618:
Commission de protection du territoire agricole du Québec
4323:
reaffirmed three of Quebec society's fundamental values:
3346:
During the 1960s, a violent terrorist group known as the
617:.) The lieutenant governor is also expected to undertake
4762:
4554:(United States), according to the Government of Quebec.
4518:
and was the first to see the hydroelectric potential of
3916:). Sovereigntists find their ideological origins in the
774:
for a comparison with other jurisdictions in the world.
5114:
752:
633:, which were reinstated in 2000 by Lieutenant Governor
6503:
6477:
6451:
6425:
6399:
6373:
6347:
6307:
6281:
6255:
4076:
856:
4602:
4437:
effectively with the other provinces of the country.
3302:
Trudeau's vision was to create a Constitution for a "
670:
to the National Assembly. Since the abolition of the
5475:"Quebec voters mull separation from the separatists"
5257:"Quebec gives thumbs down to Shariah law | CBC News"
5081:
4900:
4841:
studies include : the public university of the
4494:
4398:, which allows it to participate proactively in the
3334:. This government also repealed Canada's race-based
1588:
803:
6841:
Politics of the provinces and territories of Canada
5642:"Grandeur et misère de l'utopie bilingue au Canada"
581:In Canada, lieutenant governor is appointed by the
514:
determines the date of the coming general elections
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6405:"Loi sur les normes du travail (L.R.Q., c. N-1.1)"
5441:
4445:Quebec's international policy is founded upon the
3254:Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
959:to amend Article 93 of the Constitution Act 1867.
625:. The lieutenant governor presents numerous other
6313:"Charte de la langue française (L.R.Q., c. C-11)"
6008:ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale
5376:
4536:Société des établissements de plein air du Québec
3976:List of political parties in Canada § Quebec
3924:'s short-lived precursor to the Parti Québécois.
3326:Justice Minister in 1967, he eliminated Canada's
777:
8411:
6106:"Quebec business taxes highest in North America"
5822:École nationale d'administration publique (ENAP)
5084:"Why does the Governor General give the Speech?"
3822:
3445:1980 referendum and the Constitution Act of 1982
3383:Sovereigntists elected and the Anglophone exodus
1988:, the Quiet Revolution and Pre-National Assembly
816:The principal judicial courts of Québec are the
488:enacts the laws adopted by the National Assembly
442:, consisting of the Lieutenant Governor and the
5593:"Résolution de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec"
5466:
4364:, as well as a motion on May 22, 2008, citing:
3796:
1128:requested an amendment under provisions of the
333:Premier (as President of the Executive Council)
6225:
6136:"Quebec's debt 'worryingly high', report says"
4860:
4806:Ministère de la Famille et des Aînés du Québec
4650:Société de protection des forêts contre le feu
4489:Organisation internationale de la francophonie
3239:
2640:
2633:
2026:
2009:
2002:
1170:
1160:
1155:
7805:
7340:
6825:
6659:
5824:. L'observatoire de l'administration publique
5194:Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.
5067:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMacLeod2008 (
4683:Employment, taxation and immigration policies
3341:
2570:
2523:in English Canada. Under his government, the
5198:. Éditeur officiel du Québec. Archived from
5119:. Éditeur officiel du Québec. Archived from
5086:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
4832:
4826:
4804:
4778:
4772:
4753:
4732:takes the majority of its revenue through a
4709:
4703:
4643:
4616:
4291:
4285:
4279:
3883:expressed similar sentiments as a student.
3843:
3469:
3081:
3043:
3005:
2963:
2925:
2883:
2811:
2743:
2698:
2486:
2341:
2306:
2271:
2237:
2203:
2145:
2078:
1867:
1837:
1811:
1780:
1750:
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1642:
1425:
1392:
1364:
1331:
1276:
1217:
609:. Not among them, though, is delivering the
5524:. Directeur général des élections du Québec
5433:
5171:. St. John Ambulance Canada. Archived from
5008:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
4852:In 2012, the annual cost for postsecondary
4834:Conseil supérieure de l'Education du Québec
4780:agences de la santé et des services sociaux
4673:Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
4621:(CPTAQ) is the main guarantor. The city of
4216:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale
3953:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale
3220:René Lévesque and "Sovereignty-Association"
7812:
7798:
7347:
7333:
6832:
6818:
6666:
6652:
5472:
5220:
4815:Ministry of Education and Higher Education
4607:Agriculture in Quebec has been subject to
4485:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
3980:
787:Quebec Commission on Access to Information
6862:
5423:"Quebec's historic 2022 election results"
5143:Revue québécoise de droit constitutionnel
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
6601:Quebec English School Boards Association
5668:"Loi sur les langues officielles (1969)"
5082:Government of Canada (4 December 2015).
4963:List of Quebec leaders of the Opposition
4686:
4677:Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
4498:
4346:In addition, Quebec defines itself as a
3497:Québécois, by then led by sovereigntist
735:Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission
457:
6076:
5908:
5448:. James Lorimer & Company. p.
5377:Presse Canadienne (November 22, 2018).
5336:"Thank you, Montreal! Thank you, Rene!"
5133:
5062:
4777:(RLS; 'local service networks') and 18
4440:
3786:have adopted aspects of this position.
3773:, immigrants, and aboriginal groups in
3463:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
3435:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
978:Voting patterns break down as follows:
759:Office Québécois de la Langue Française
605:The lieutenant governor is tasked with
519:Members of the National Assembly (MNAs)
14:
8412:
7543:Changement Intégrité pour notre Québec
7354:
5439:
5403:. CTV news Montreal. November 22, 2018
5359:. Marianopolis College. 23 August 2000
4786:Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec
4769:Ministry of Health and Social Services
4711:Régime québécois d'assurance parentale
4284:("Law on the National Assembly"), the
3765:culture. They defend the need for the
3736:
3267:". In 1969, his government instituted
576:
573:of the premier and Executive Council.
558:
7793:
7328:
7115:
6861:
6813:
6647:
6275:
6116:from the original on October 31, 2012
5036:
4828:Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur
4763:Health, social and education policies
4456:, formulated in 1965. While Quebec's
4121:
2563:, as in the first scenes of the film
7558:Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec
6849:This article is part of the series:
6327:
6301:
5136:"In Search of a Quebec Constitution"
4514:. He successfully put an end to the
4302:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
3969:
3854:
3700:
2499:party emerged from the ashes of the
1085:
753:Québec Office of the French language
741:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
695:
640:
511:and the heads of public corporations
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
7819:
6431:"Code du travail (L.R.Q., c. C-27)"
6142:from the original on April 10, 2014
6103:
6062:. Statistics Canada. Archived from
4458:Ministry of International Relations
4077:Other recognized provincial parties
3927:
3840:were both ultimately unsuccessful.
2542:books banned by the Catholic Church
857:Municipal and regional institutions
721:
453:
24:
7583:Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec
6614:Tribunal des droits de la personne
6550:La Politique québécoise sur le Web
6261:"Loi Ă©lectorale (L.R.Q., c E-3.3)"
6228:"Ténacité des étudiants québécois"
6085:from the original on April 8, 2014
5874:"Québec fixe sa cible à 20 %"
5473:Kheiriddin, Tasha (Apr 25, 2011).
5338:. National Post. November 18, 2006
5317:. CBC Television. February 7, 2012
4603:Agricultural and forestry policies
4394:The Quebec premier is part of the
4290:("Law on the Executive"), and the
4266:
4261:
4097:Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec
3918:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association
973:
811:
627:provincial honours and decorations
600:
240:President of the National Assembly
25:
8436:
6544:Chief Electoral Officer of Quebec
6527:
6077:Kozhaya, Norma (March 11, 2004).
5108:
4869:, which can be seen as a sort of
4495:Environmental and energy policies
4480:in intergovernmental relations).
4372:
3959:, a founding organization of the
3886:
1589:Early 20th century or Liberal Era
962:
804:Chief electoral officer of Québec
7385:
6791:
6778:
6777:
6628:Tribunal administratif du Québec
5909:Carabin, François (2019-10-02).
5013:Reference re Secession of Quebec
4917:
4903:
4341:separation of State and religion
4129:Château Clique/Parti bureaucrate
3256:in 1963. Pearson also recruited
943:
462:Organization of powers in Québec
438:— the Parliament of Quebec — is
142:
34:
7116:
6634:L'État québécois en perspective
6497:
6471:
6445:
6419:
6393:
6367:
6341:
6249:
6219:
6191:
6182:
6154:
6128:
6097:
6081:. Montreal Economic Institute.
6070:
6052:
6022:
5996:
5971:
5946:
5921:
5902:
5891:
5866:
5836:
5810:
5791:. 12 April 1965. Archived from
5772:
5760:
5735:
5710:
5685:
5660:
5634:
5598:
5586:
5574:
5548:
5536:
5522:"Référendum du 30 octobre 1995"
5514:
5497:
5415:
5393:
5370:
5349:
5328:
5307:
5298:
5285:
5276:
5263:
5249:
4669:Union des producteurs agricoles
4200:Ralliement créditiste du Québec
3807:The Quebec autonomists are pro-
1135:
1106:British North America Act, 1867
840:Human Rights Tribunal of Quebec
607:a number of governmental duties
535:
45:needs additional citations for
27:Politics of a Canadian province
6335:"Code civil du Québec, L.R.Q."
5214:
5187:
5161:
5127:
5102:
5075:
5056:
5030:
4530:regarding climate change. The
4329:equality between men and women
4308:Charter of the French language
4254:Union des forces progressistes
4115:New Democratic Party of Quebec
4035:New Democratic Party of Canada
3613:Union des forces progressistes
3542:Progressive Conservative Party
3402:Charter of the French Language
938:regional county municipalities
932:Inside the regions, there are
778:Council on the Status of Women
764:Charter of the French Language
13:
1:
7548:Citoyens au pouvoir du Québec
6639:Canadian Governments Compared
6590:Office de la langue française
6557:Conseil du statut de la femme
6226:Pascale Dufour (2012-06-01).
5767:"Bureaux du Québec au Canada"
5357:"The Language Laws of Quebec"
5115:National Assembly of Quebec.
5046:Canadian Parliamentary Review
5023:
4572:, the James Bay Project, the
4281:Loi sur l'Assemblée Nationale
4137:Parti canadien/Parti patriote
3985:
3823:Federalist Quebec nationalism
3725:
3624:Action démocratique du Québec
3538:Action démocratique du Québec
3395:led by René Lévesque win the
3348:Front de libération du Québec
2967:Action démocratique du Québec
903:Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine
681:
565:Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
544:
480:Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
7698:2012 Quebec student protests
7631:2012 Quebec general election
7626:2014 Quebec general election
7621:2018 Quebec general election
7616:2022 Quebec general election
7531:Parti conservateur du Québec
6577:The Courts of Quebec Website
6539:Government of Quebec Website
5444:Our Lives: Canada After 1945
4794:centres de la petite enfance
4462:Quebec's general delegations
4160:Conservative Party of Quebec
4056:Conservative Party of Canada
4021:Conservative Party of Quebec
3797:Federalist Quebec autonomism
3784:Conservative Party of Canada
2501:Conservative Party of Quebec
1079:1962 Quebec general election
1073:1966 Quebec general election
1067:1970 Quebec general election
1061:1973 Quebec general election
1055:1976 Quebec general election
1049:1981 Quebec general election
1043:1985 Quebec general election
1037:1989 Quebec general election
1031:1994 Quebec general election
1025:1998 Quebec general election
1019:2003 Quebec general election
1013:2007 Quebec general election
1007:2008 Quebec general election
1001:2012 Quebec general election
995:2014 Quebec general election
989:2018 Quebec general election
983:2022 Quebec general election
507:appoints the members of the
7:
7641:Referendums on independence
7377:Former lieutenant-governors
6534:National Assembly of Quebec
5583:(consulted 7 November 2008)
5315:"Five years after Bill 101"
5117:"Parliament and Government"
4978:Political parties in Quebec
4973:National Assembly of Quebec
4938:Political culture of Canada
4896:
4861:International organizations
4728:When it comes to taxation,
4645:Bureau du forestier en chef
4224:Parti républicain du Québec
3782:, although elements of the
3592:declaration of independence
3240:Pierre Trudeau's liberalism
3116:
3080:
3042:
3004:
2962:
2924:
2882:
2810:
2742:
2697:
2377:
2340:
2305:
2270:
2236:
2202:
2144:
2077:
1893:
1866:
1836:
1810:
1779:
1749:
1713:
1641:
1484:
1456:
1424:
1391:
1363:
1330:
1275:
1216:
1104:of 1774 formed part of the
702:Executive Council of Quebec
647:National Assembly of Quebec
10:
8441:
8285:Notable people from Quebec
7414:Premiers by time in office
6877:Sovereign in the provinces
6505:Éditeur officiel du Québec
6479:Éditeur officiel du Québec
6453:Éditeur officiel du Québec
6427:Éditeur officiel du Québec
6401:Éditeur officiel du Québec
6375:Les Publications du Québec
6349:Les Publications du Québec
6309:Éditeur officiel du Québec
6283:Éditeur officiel du Québec
6257:Éditeur officiel du Québec
5983:forestierenchef.gouv.qc.ca
5560:Premier ministre du Québec
4988:Timeline of Quebec history
4774:réseaux locaux de services
4661:public-private partnership
4504:Louis-Alexandre Taschereau
4483:Quebec is a member of the
4270:
4191:Parti ouvrier-progressiste
4027:
3973:
3847:
3800:
3771:English-speaking Quebecers
3729:
3571:
3473:
3397:Quebec provincial election
3342:FLQ and the October Crisis
3117:
2579:government led by Premier
2571:Quiet Revolution 1960–1966
2517:Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine
2378:
1894:
1485:
1457:
1089:
947:
838:On December 10, 1990, the
745:
699:
685:
644:
562:
548:
499:
477:
8376:
8305:
8245:
8141:
8132:
8088:
8079:
8031:Leaders of the Opposition
8003:
7994:
7962:
7953:
7913:
7840:
7831:
7706:
7661:
7606:
7573:Parti culinaire du Québec
7501:
7478:
7455:
7447:Former Opposition Leaders
7432:
7394:
7383:
7362:
7284:
7202:
7124:
7111:
7029:
7001:
6938:
6875:
6857:
6847:
6773:
6747:
6714:Newfoundland and Labrador
6686:
5929:"Bienvenue sur Québec.ca"
5672:L'Encyclopédie Canadienne
5562:. Québec. 8 February 2007
5508:October 15, 2006, at the
5291:Supreme Court of Canada.
5269:Supreme Court of Canada.
4943:Council of the Federation
4811:Quebec's education system
4396:Council of the Federation
4167:Action libérale nationale
3844:Sovereignism (separatism)
3505:in Western Canada led by
3486:Progressive Conservatives
3470:Meech Lake Accord of 1987
3362:was kidnapped along with
2509:Action libérale nationale
2487:Duplessis years 1936–1959
2241:Parti social démocratique
1754:Action libérale nationale
377:
367:
360:
353:
345:
337:
329:
319:
312:
304:
290:
283:
259:
252:
245:
235:
221:
211:
192:
185:
175:
155:
141:
134:
6607:Tribunal des professions
5134:Wiseman, Nelson (2009).
4953:Quebec general elections
4384:life in different ways.
4293:Loi électorale du Québec
4193:/Labor-Progressive Party
4070:People's Party of Canada
3586:under the leadership of
3584:1994 provincial election
3526:Progressive Conservative
3047:Parti national populaire
1333:Independent Conservative
619:various ceremonial roles
587:prime minister of Canada
7707:Other Canadian politics
7516:Parti libéral du Québec
7511:Coalition Avenir Québec
7493:Government House Leader
7457:Speaker of the Assembly
5271:Roncarelli v. Duplessis
4968:List of Quebec senators
4958:List of Quebec premiers
4871:Commonwealth of Nations
4813:is administered by the
4771:. It is composed of 95
4377:Quebec participates in
4049:Liberal Party of Canada
4007:Coalition Avenir Québec
3981:Major political parties
3877:Égalité ou indépendance
3813:Coalition Avenir Québec
3780:Liberal Party of Canada
3683:Quebec Autonomist Party
3679:Coalition Avenir Québec
3455:sovereignty-association
3431:Supreme Court of Canada
3318:ideals, and, later on,
3230:sovereignty-association
2702:Coalition Avenir Québec
867:Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
585:, on the advice of the
401:parliamentary democracy
397:constitutional monarchy
170:constitutional monarchy
7424:Government departments
6242:
6079:"Soaking 'les riches'"
5954:"CPTAQ : Accueil"
5788:Gouvernement du Québec
5769:(consulted April 2021)
5440:Finkel, Alvin (1997).
5427:www.federalretirees.ca
4833:
4827:
4805:
4779:
4773:
4754:
4734:progressive income tax
4710:
4704:
4699:
4644:
4617:
4587:also sees modest use.
4563:Manic-Outardes project
4523:
4389:Official Languages Act
4370:
4292:
4286:
4280:
3829:Canadian confederation
3789:The social-democratic
3646:in 1998 and draft the
3574:1995 Quebec referendum
3451:1980 Quebec referendum
3273:Official Languages Act
1130:Constitution Act, 1982
1118:Constitution Act, 1867
1098:Canadian Confederation
676:Constitution of Canada
524:are elected using the
491:has the power to veto.
463:
180:Constitution of Canada
149:Coat of arms of Quebec
8280:Language demographics
7568:Parti indépendantiste
7563:Parti unité nationale
6755:Northwest Territories
6679:province or territory
6232:Le Monde diplomatique
5123:on February 23, 2010.
5037:Hicks, Bruce (2012).
4738:equalization payments
4690:
4543:Copenhagen conference
4502:
4447:GĂ©rin-Lajoie doctrine
4366:
4103:Parti Unité Nationale
4063:Green Party of Canada
3875:ran on a platform of
3747:Canadian constitution
3687:official party status
3622:Mario Dumont and the
3572:Further information:
3474:Further information:
3459:Canadian Constitution
3332:Divorce Act of Canada
3285:Canadian Constitution
3269:Official Bilingualism
3009:Ralliement creditiste
2575:In 1960, under a new
2275:Ralliement creditiste
1116:religions. Under the
891:Abitibi-TĂ©miscamingue
461:
8425:Government in Quebec
8026:Lieutenant Governors
7593:Parti vert du Québec
6940:Lieutenant Governors
6729:Prince Edward Island
5958:www.cptaq.gouv.qc.ca
5880:(in Canadian French)
4998:Quebec sovereigntism
4891:World March of Women
4843:University of Quebec
4659:(SOPFEU) works in a
4625:is the agricultural
4441:International policy
4314:Civil Code of Quebec
4084:Parti vert du Québec
3993:Quebec Liberal Party
3838:Charlottetown Accord
3803:Autonomism in Quebec
3791:New Democratic Party
3515:Charlottetown Accord
3466:in the early 1980s.
957:Parliament of Canada
907:Chaudière-Appalaches
688:Government of Quebec
551:Parliament of Quebec
69:"Politics of Quebec"
54:improve this article
8354:Saint-Jean-Baptiste
8270:Demographic history
8008:Electoral districts
7914:Historic identities
7636:Electoral districts
7364:Lieutenant Governor
6104:Marotte, Bertrand.
6034:www.revenuquebec.ca
5979:"Forestier en chef"
5747:www.sqrc.gouv.qc.ca
5722:www.sqrc.gouv.qc.ca
5622:on December 4, 2008
4876:General delegations
4847:vocational training
4609:agricultural zoning
4474:popular sovereignty
4232:Ralliement national
4132:(pre-Confederation)
3850:Quebec Sovereignism
3737:Canadian Liberalism
3693:In the 2022 Quebec
3358:Trade commissioner
3293:Victoria conference
3228:was created by the
2601:
2546:Jehovah's Witnesses
1994:
1813:Independent Liberal
1595:
1366:Independent Liberal
1142:
950:Education in Quebec
672:Legislative Council
661:first-past-the-post
577:Constitutional role
559:Lieutenant Governor
526:first-past-the-post
474:Lieutenant Governor
417:Lieutenant Governor
341:Lieutenant Governor
308:Lieutenant Governor
278:Lieutenant Governor
226:Parliament Building
8420:Politics of Quebec
8255:Indigenous peoples
8041:National Assembly
8013:Executive Council
7926:Province of Quebec
7850:Prehistory to 1533
7691:Quebec sovereignty
7669:Quebec nationalism
7553:Équipe autonomiste
7356:Politics of Quebec
6851:Politics of Canada
6675:Politics of Canada
6620:2011-03-10 at the
6582:2014-10-27 at the
6570:2006-01-08 at the
6066:on March 12, 2009.
5581:"Société de droit"
5485:on 30 January 2013
5381:. Montreal Gazette
4993:Quebec nationalism
4933:Politics of Canada
4887:World Social Forum
4700:
4524:
4287:Loi sur l'Ă©xecutif
4273:Quebec nationalism
4122:Historical parties
4109:Affiliation Quebec
3767:federal government
3439:Ford v Quebec (AG)
3250:Liberal government
2599:
2561:The Great Darkness
1992:
1986:La grande noirceur
1784:Ligue nationaliste
1593:
1140:
871:Capitale-Nationale
653:Westminster System
464:
393:Canadian provinces
389:politics of Quebec
285:Head of government
187:Legislative branch
136:Politics of Quebec
8407:
8406:
8372:
8371:
8348:La Belle Province
8128:
8127:
8075:
8074:
8049:Political parties
8021:General elections
7990:
7989:
7949:
7948:
7787:
7786:
7684:Quebec autonomism
7679:Quebec federalism
7674:National question
7503:Political parties
7434:Opposition Leader
7322:
7321:
7304:Political culture
7289:Foreign relations
7280:
7279:
7107:
7106:
6807:
6806:
6798:Canada portal
6040:on August 7, 2016
5859:978-2-550-53375-7
5648:. 6 February 2018
5595:, 30 October 2003
5479:The National Post
5175:on 4 October 2009
5003:Quebec federalism
4983:History of Quebec
4516:Grande HĂ©morragie
4086:(Green Party/PVQ)
3970:Political parties
3949:Patriote movement
3873:Daniel Johnson Sr
3866:Meech Lake Accord
3855:Soft nationalists
3834:Meech Lake Accord
3732:Quebec federalism
3707:National Question
3701:National Question
3544:collapsed in the
3476:Meech Lake Accord
3316:social democratic
3308:individual rights
3217:
3216:
2493:Maurice Duplessis
2484:
2483:
1982:
1981:
1586:
1585:
1092:History of Quebec
1086:Political history
863:Bas-Saint-Laurent
772:language policies
716:Premier of Québec
696:Executive Council
641:National Assembly
591:royal prerogative
502:Premier of Quebec
448:Westminster model
444:National Assembly
385:
384:
324:Executive Council
236:Presiding officer
203:National Assembly
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
8432:
8392:
8385:
8295:English-speaking
8260:Census divisions
8139:
8138:
8086:
8085:
8067:
8066:(administrative)
8044:
8016:
8001:
8000:
7960:
7959:
7921:Colony of Canada
7838:
7837:
7814:
7807:
7800:
7791:
7790:
7521:Québec solidaire
7488:Current assembly
7404:François Legault
7389:
7349:
7342:
7335:
7326:
7325:
7113:
7112:
6859:
6858:
6834:
6827:
6820:
6811:
6810:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6781:
6780:
6699:British Columbia
6668:
6661:
6654:
6645:
6644:
6596:Quebec Ombudsman
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6475:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6337:28 October 2011.
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6253:
6236:
6235:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6203:
6195:
6189:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6166:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6147:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6036:. Archived from
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5975:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5906:
5900:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5851:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5797:
5784:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5621:
5615:. Archived from
5610:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5518:
5512:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5481:. Archived from
5470:
5464:
5463:
5447:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5296:
5293:Saumur v. Quebec
5289:
5283:
5280:
5274:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5236:
5229:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5202:on 29 April 2010
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5140:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5090:on 26 April 2018
5079:
5073:
5072:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5043:
5034:
4927:
4922:
4921:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4836:
4831:(CEGEP) and the
4830:
4808:
4802:
4782:
4776:
4757:
4750:interculturalism
4743:Fraser Institute
4724:
4713:
4707:
4675:(MAPAQ) and the
4658:
4647:
4641:
4633:Quebec's forests
4620:
4582:
4571:
4455:
4387:Since 1969, the
4295:
4289:
4283:
4014:Québec Solidaire
3957:Pierre Bourgault
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1110:Roman Catholic
1090:Main article:
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963:Sharia law ban
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948:Main article:
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899:Nord-du-Québec
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7003:Commissioners
7000:
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6709:New Brunswick
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5933:www.quebec.ca
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5915:Journal MĂ©tro
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5894:
5879:
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5798:on 2011-05-26
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5528:September 16,
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5304:Option Quebec
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4911:Canada portal
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4730:Revenu Québec
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4548:
4547:GHG emissions
4544:
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4429:) and one in
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4408:
4407:station chief
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4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4085:
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4071:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4053:
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4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3977:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3922:René Lévesque
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3836:and the 1992
3835:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3733:
3723:
3721:
3720:conservatives
3717:
3713:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3675:2018 election
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:snap election
3655:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3640:Stéphane Dion
3637:
3636:Jean Chrétien
3633:
3632:Liberal Party
3628:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3554:Jean Chrétien
3551:
3547:
3546:1993 election
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3413:mother tongue
3410:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3289:Great Britain
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3234:René Lévesque
3231:
3227:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3157:
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3143:
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3131:
3129:
3124:
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3113:
3111:
3109:
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3077:
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3063:
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3039:
3037:
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2999:
2997:
2995:
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2989:
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2840:
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2834:
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2817:
2816:
2806:
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2801:
2796:
2793:
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2776:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
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2750:
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2747:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
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2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
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2703:
2693:
2690:
2687:
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2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2577:Liberal Party
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:Conservatives
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2426:
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2419:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:Parti ouvrier
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
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1733:
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1724:
1721:
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1710:
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1634:
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1625:
1622:
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1613:
1610:
1609:
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1601:
1598:
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1582:
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1557:
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1553:
1548:
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1530:
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1501:
1499:
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1492:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:Parti ouvrier
1421:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1355:
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1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
979:
971:
969:
960:
958:
951:
944:School boards
941:
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
854:
852:
847:
845:
844:Michèle Rivet
841:
836:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
809:
801:
797:
796:information.
793:
784:
775:
773:
768:
766:
765:
760:
749:
744:
742:
732:
729:
719:
717:
713:
709:
703:
693:
689:
679:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
648:
638:
636:
635:Lise Thibault
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:Throne Speech
608:
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
574:
572:
566:
556:
552:
542:
530:
528:voting system
527:
523:
522:
521:
520:
513:
510:
506:
505:
503:
498:
497:
490:
487:
484:
483:
481:
476:
475:
471:
469:
460:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
380:
376:
373:
370:
366:
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359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
322:
318:
315:
311:
307:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
279:
274:
268:
265:
262:
258:
255:
254:Head of state
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
222:Meeting place
220:
217:
214:
210:
204:
201:
200:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
171:
168:
167:parliamentary
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
145:
140:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
8364:Yellow birch
8346:
8339:
8325:Fleur-de-lis
8315:Coat of arms
8247:Demographics
8146:Architecture
8043:(parliament)
7995:
7931:Lower Canada
7905:1982–present
7743:
7465:Nathalie Roy
7442:Marc Tanguay
7355:
7126:Legislatures
6789:
6782:
6739:Saskatchewan
6733:
6627:
6613:
6606:
6589:
6563:
6556:
6549:
6513:. Retrieved
6499:
6487:. Retrieved
6473:
6461:. Retrieved
6447:
6435:. Retrieved
6421:
6409:. Retrieved
6395:
6383:. Retrieved
6369:
6357:. Retrieved
6343:
6329:
6317:. Retrieved
6303:
6291:. Retrieved
6277:
6265:. Retrieved
6251:
6231:
6221:
6209:. Retrieved
6205:
6193:
6184:
6172:. Retrieved
6168:
6156:
6144:. Retrieved
6138:. CBC News.
6130:
6118:. Retrieved
6109:
6099:
6087:. Retrieved
6072:
6064:the original
6054:
6042:. Retrieved
6038:the original
6033:
6024:
6012:. Retrieved
6007:
5998:
5986:. Retrieved
5982:
5973:
5961:. Retrieved
5957:
5948:
5936:. Retrieved
5932:
5923:
5917:(in French).
5914:
5904:
5893:
5882:. Retrieved
5877:
5868:
5845:
5838:
5826:. Retrieved
5821:
5812:
5800:. Retrieved
5793:the original
5786:
5774:
5762:
5750:. Retrieved
5746:
5737:
5725:. Retrieved
5721:
5712:
5700:. Retrieved
5696:
5687:
5675:. Retrieved
5671:
5662:
5650:. Retrieved
5645:
5636:
5624:. Retrieved
5617:the original
5613:assnat.qc.ca
5612:
5600:
5588:
5576:
5564:. Retrieved
5559:
5550:
5538:
5526:. Retrieved
5516:
5499:
5487:. Retrieved
5483:the original
5478:
5468:
5443:
5435:
5426:
5417:
5405:. Retrieved
5395:
5383:. Retrieved
5372:
5361:. Retrieved
5351:
5340:. Retrieved
5330:
5319:. Retrieved
5309:
5300:
5292:
5287:
5278:
5270:
5265:
5251:
5239:. Retrieved
5232:the original
5223:
5216:
5204:. Retrieved
5200:the original
5189:
5177:. Retrieved
5173:the original
5163:
5151:. Retrieved
5146:
5142:
5129:
5121:the original
5110:
5104:
5092:. Retrieved
5088:the original
5077:
5065:, p. 36
5063:MacLeod 2008
5058:
5049:
5045:
5032:
4880:
4867:Francophonie
4864:
4851:
4791:
4784:
4766:
4747:
4727:
4701:
4665:forest fires
4631:
4613:urban sprawl
4606:
4589:
4556:
4540:
4525:
4482:
4478:
4444:
4404:
4393:
4386:
4376:
4367:
4359:
4355:state of law
4345:
4321:Jean Charest
4318:
4276:
4252:
4244:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4107:
3965:
3941:
3931:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3890:
3876:
3870:
3862:swing voters
3858:
3826:
3806:
3788:
3740:
3704:
3692:
3672:
3663:
3654:Jean Charest
3652:
3630:The federal
3629:
3621:
3605:
3601:
3577:
3558:Jean Charest
3556:into power.
3534:Mario Dumont
3519:
3511:
3503:Reform Party
3495:
3479:
3448:
3426:francization
3406:
3386:
3345:
3312:bilingualism
3304:Just Society
3301:
3265:Trudeaumania
3262:
3243:
3232:movement of
3225:
3223:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3082:
3045:
3044:
3007:
3006:
2965:
2964:
2927:
2926:
2885:
2884:
2865:
2864:
2848:
2841:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2797:
2787:
2777:
2764:
2757:
2744:
2735:
2700:
2699:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2574:
2549:
2490:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2342:
2308:
2307:
2273:
2272:
2239:
2238:
2205:
2204:
2195:
2182:
2175:
2156:
2146:
2132:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1985:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1868:
1839:
1838:
1812:
1782:
1781:
1752:
1751:
1717:Conservative
1715:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1604:
1599:
1578:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1542:
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1277:
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1249:
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1232:
1225:
1220:Conservative
1218:
1176:
1172:Conservative
1171:
1166:
1162:Conservative
1161:
1156:
1152:Conservative
1151:
1146:
1136:19th century
1095:
977:
966:
953:
931:
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691:
665:
650:
604:
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580:
568:
554:
539:
536:Institutions
518:
517:
495:
494:
473:
472:
468:Lower Canada
465:
433:
415:, where the
388:
386:
372:Manon Savard
346:Headquarters
176:Constitution
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
8265:Communities
8227:Nationalism
8093:Agriculture
7936:Canada East
7480:Legislature
7118:Legislative
6748:Territories
6719:Nova Scotia
6359:10 December
5693:"Home Page"
5489:30 December
5407:December 9,
5385:December 9,
5094:17 December
4797: [
4719: [
4653: [
4636: [
4585:Wind energy
4577: [
4566: [
4487:and of the
4470:rule of law
4450: [
4257:(2002–2006)
4249:(1963–2002)
4241:(1989–2012)
4235:(1966–1968)
4227:(1962–1964)
4219:(1960–1968)
4211:(1942–1947)
4203:(1970–1978)
4195:(1944–1960)
4186:(1939–1961)
4178:(1935–1989)
4170:(1934–1939)
4162:(1867–1936)
4156:(1854–1867)
4148:(1847–1867)
4145:Parti rouge
4140:(1806–1837)
3940:, and as a
3755:nationalism
3648:Clarity Act
3540:party. The
3409:anglophones
3360:James Cross
2581:Jean Lesage
2533:Padlock Law
919:Laurentides
710:(in French
668:responsible
436:legislature
425:legislature
413:Quebec City
395:, namely a
381:Quebec City
368:Chief judge
349:Quebec City
267:Charles III
230:Quebec City
156:Polity type
8414:Categories
8330:Great Seal
8205:Literature
8059:Quebec Act
6319:6 November
6293:6 November
6267:1 February
6206:gouv.qc.ca
6169:gouv.qc.ca
5884:2021-08-04
5852:. Québec.
5802:17 January
5566:6 November
5459:1550285513
5363:2012-12-14
5342:2012-12-14
5321:2012-12-14
5024:References
4627:technopole
4552:California
4466:Quebec law
4417:), one in
4400:federation
4352:democratic
4153:Parti bleu
4016:party (QS)
3986:Provincial
3955:headed by
3743:status quo
3726:Federalism
3562:Sherbrooke
3433:under the
3328:sodomy law
3277:minorities
3248:'s ruling
2606:Government
2529:Protestant
2513:Parti bleu
2505:Paul Gouin
1999:Government
1600:Government
1147:Government
1114:Protestant
1102:Quebec Act
968:Sharia law
923:Montérégie
915:Lanaudière
682:Government
545:Parliament
440:unicameral
216:Unicameral
197:Parliament
80:newspapers
8359:Snowy owl
8290:Québécois
8275:Education
8178:Festivals
8015:(cabinet)
7955:Geography
7900:1960–1981
7895:1931–1959
7890:1900–1930
7885:1867–1999
7880:1841–1966
7875:1791–1840
7870:1760–1790
7865:1663–1759
7860:1608–1662
7855:1534–1607
7608:Elections
7588:Parti nul
7294:Judiciary
7204:Elections
6868:The Crown
6864:Executive
6687:Provinces
6515:8 January
6489:8 January
6463:8 January
6437:8 January
6411:8 January
6385:8 January
6089:March 15,
6014:8 January
5646:Le Devoir
4823:secondary
4597:petroleum
4583:, etc.).
4559:renewable
4382:political
3354:when the
3271:with the
895:CĂ´te-Nord
887:Outaouais
338:Appointer
305:Appointer
291:Currently
260:Currently
162:within a
110:June 2008
8399:Category
8237:TV shows
8188:Heritage
8183:Folklore
8118:railways
8113:highways
8108:airports
8064:Regions
8054:Premiers
8036:Monarchy
7996:Politics
7842:Timeline
7825:articles
7598:Parti 51
7538:Bloc pot
7299:Monarchy
7031:Premiers
6784:Category
6704:Manitoba
6618:Archived
6580:Archived
6568:Archived
6511:. Québec
6485:. Québec
6459:. Québec
6433:. Québec
6407:. Québec
6381:. Québec
6355:. Québec
6315:. Québec
6289:. Québec
6263:. Québec
6146:April 7,
6140:Archived
6120:April 7,
6114:Archived
6083:Archived
6044:July 30,
5506:Archived
5052:(2): 20.
4897:See also
4696:unionize
4435:interact
4091:Bloc pot
3943:de facto
3912:, 49.4%
3809:autonomy
3716:liberals
3582:won the
3084:Equality
2537:unionism
2503:and the
2495:and his
2491:Premier
940:(RCMs).
883:Montreal
875:Mauricie
824:and the
431:reside.
160:Province
8383:Outline
8307:Symbols
8168:Cuisine
8134:Culture
8098:Tourism
8081:Economy
7833:History
7714:Federal
7419:Cabinet
7396:Premier
7309:Regions
6760:Nunavut
6724:Ontario
6694:Alberta
6507:(ed.).
6481:(ed.).
6455:(ed.).
6429:(ed.).
6403:(ed.).
6377:(ed.).
6351:(ed.).
6311:(ed.).
6285:(ed.).
6259:(ed.).
6211:30 July
6174:30 July
5988:30 July
5963:30 July
5938:30 July
5828:27 July
5752:29 July
5727:29 July
5702:29 July
5677:29 July
5652:29 July
5626:30 July
5153:4 March
5018:Bill 78
4854:tuition
4819:primary
4520:Nunavik
4423:Ontario
4419:Toronto
4411:Moncton
4379:federal
4028:Federal
3936:to the
3759:English
3484:. The
3449:In the
3437:, see:
3419:. This
3356:British
3324:Liberal
3291:at the
2746:Liberal
2642:Liberal
2630:Liberal
2618:Liberal
2589:Liberal
2148:Liberal
2035:Liberal
2023:Liberal
2011:Liberal
1645:Liberal
1605:Liberal
1279:Liberal
1177:Liberal
1167:Liberal
1157:Liberal
708:Premier
615:premier
509:Cabinet
496:Premier
429:cabinet
421:Premier
405:capital
314:Cabinet
295:Premier
164:federal
94:scholar
8200:Humour
8163:Comics
8151:Cinema
7982:Rivers
7941:Quebec
7823:
7821:Quebec
6734:Quebec
5856:
5456:
5241:15 May
5206:6 July
5179:2 June
4889:, and
4885:, the
4752:. The
4667:. The
4648:. The
4431:Ottawa
4362:nation
4335:French
3900:and a
3718:, and
3677:, the
3489:as a "
3322:. As
1459:Vacant
925:, and
879:Estrie
820:, the
571:advice
427:, and
423:, the
409:Quebec
403:. The
330:Leader
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89:
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67:
8390:Index
8222:Music
8217:Media
8173:Dance
7967:Lakes
6765:Yukon
6202:(PDF)
6165:(PDF)
5850:(PDF)
5796:(PDF)
5783:(PDF)
5620:(PDF)
5609:(PDF)
5235:(PDF)
5228:(PDF)
5139:(PDF)
5042:(PDF)
4883:Oxfam
4801:]
4723:]
4657:]
4640:]
4581:]
4570:]
4454:]
4421:(for
4413:(for
4072:(PPC)
4065:(GPC)
4037:(NDP)
4023:(PCQ)
4009:(CAQ)
3995:(PLQ)
3295:when
3287:from
3120:Total
2694:2022
2691:2018
2655:Party
2380:Total
2343:Other
2074:1973
2041:Party
1896:Total
1869:Other
1638:1935
1611:Party
1489:Total
1213:1900
1183:Party
911:Laval
101:JSTOR
87:books
8320:Flag
7651:1995
7646:1980
6677:(by
6517:2010
6491:2010
6465:2010
6439:2010
6413:2010
6387:2010
6361:2009
6321:2008
6295:2008
6269:2011
6213:2019
6176:2019
6148:2014
6122:2014
6091:2014
6046:2016
6016:2010
5990:2019
5965:2019
5940:2019
5854:ISBN
5830:2011
5804:2020
5754:2019
5729:2019
5704:2019
5679:2019
5654:2019
5628:2019
5568:2008
5530:2014
5491:2012
5454:ISBN
5409:2018
5387:2018
5295:1953
5273:1959
5243:2009
5208:2009
5181:2009
5155:2011
5096:2015
5069:help
4821:and
4792:The
4702:The
4512:1936
4508:1920
4425:and
4350:and
4348:free
4339:the
4327:the
4312:the
4306:the
4300:the
4101:The
4095:The
4089:The
4082:The
4068:The
4061:The
4054:The
4047:The
4044:(BQ)
4040:The
4033:The
4019:The
4012:The
4005:The
4002:(PQ)
3998:The
3991:The
3705:The
3681:, a
3578:The
3524:, a
3391:saw
2688:2014
2685:2012
2682:2008
2679:2007
2676:2003
2673:1998
2670:1994
2667:1989
2664:1985
2661:1981
2658:1976
2527:and
2071:1970
2068:1966
2065:1962
2062:1960
2059:1956
2056:1952
2053:1948
2050:1944
2047:1939
2044:1936
1635:1931
1632:1927
1629:1923
1626:1919
1623:1916
1620:1912
1617:1908
1614:1904
1210:1897
1207:1892
1204:1890
1201:1886
1198:1881
1195:1878
1192:1875
1189:1871
1186:1867
1112:and
936:and
770:See
757:The
726:The
629:and
434:The
399:and
387:The
378:Seat
320:Name
264:King
212:Type
193:Name
73:news
7759:PEI
7252:PEI
7174:PEI
7079:PEI
6988:PEI
6925:PEI
6243:Law
5450:192
4510:to
4058:(C)
4051:(L)
3914:Yes
3761:or
3673:In
3560:in
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3204:125
3197:125
3190:125
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3169:125
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3141:122
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