Thirteen Colonies - Knowledge

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and in the Dutch settlements in upstate New York. Instead there was a political system of local control that was governed by men elected in fair elections. The colonies offered a broader base than Britain or indeed any other country. Any property owner could vote for members of the lower house of the legislature. Governors were appointed in London but colonists elected the governor in Connecticut and Rhode Island. Women, children, indentured servants, and slaves were subsumed under the interest of the family head and did not have a vote or a voice. Indians and free blacks were politically outside the system and usually could not vote. Voters were required to hold an "interest" in society; as the South Carolina legislature said in 1716, "it is necessary and reasonable, that none but such persons will have an interest in the Province should be capable to elect members of the Commons House of Assembly". The main legal criterion for having an "interest" was ownership of real estate. In Britain, 19 out of 20 men were controlled politically by their landlords. London insisted on this requirement for the colonies, telling governors to exclude from the ballot men who were not freeholders—that is, those who did not own land. However, in most places good farmland was cheap and so widely owned that 50% to 80% of the men were eligible to vote.

47: 4428:(New York) in 1664. The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country. Colonial commodities were shipped on British ships to the mother country where Britain sold them to Europe reaping the benefits of the export trade. Finished goods were manufactured in Britain and sold in the colonies, or imported by Britain for retail to the colonies, profiting the mother country. Like other New World colonial empires, the British empire's commodity production was dependent on slave labor; as observed in 1720s Britain, "all this great increase in our treasure proceeds chiefly from the labour of negroes" in Britain's colonies. 3290: 430: 54: 4378:

families, friends, and neighbors. Election day brought in all the men from the countryside to the county seat or town center to make merry, politick, shake hands with the grandees, meet old friends, and hear the speeches—all the while toasting, eating, treating, tippling, and gambling. They voted by shouting their choice to the clerk, as supporters cheered or booed. In Virginia candidate George Washington spent £39 for treats for his supporters. The candidates knew that they had to "swill the planters with bumbo" (rum). Elections were carnivals where all men were equal for one day and traditional restraints were relaxed.

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distinguishing it from servitude and other forms of unfree status, which lasted only for a term of years. Second...slave status was made hereditable through the mother. In so providing, the American colonies reversed the common-law rule that personal status followed the condition of the father.... The third fundamental statutory characteristic of American slavery was racial identification....The fourth and most troublesome of the elements of slavery for colonial legislators was the precise legal status of a slave as property.... southern jurisdictions ...settled on the legal definition of a slave as a "chattel personal."

14473: 98: 4298:(i.e., delay) and dissolve the assembly. The assembly's role was to make all local laws and ordinances, ensuring that they were not inconsistent with the laws of Britain. In practice, this did not always occur, since many of the provincial assemblies sought to expand their powers and limit those of the governor and crown. Laws could be examined by the British Privy Council or Board of Trade, which also held veto power of legislation. New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia were crown colonies. Massachusetts became a crown colony at the end of the 17th century. 479: 3391: 2163: 4420:

in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm. The government had to fight smuggling—which became a favorite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French, Spanish or Dutch. The tactic used by mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London. The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain. The government spent much of its revenue on a superb

14461: 11711: 4196: 3338:, which greatly restricted self-government in the colony of Massachusetts. These laws also allowed British military commanders to claim colonial homes for the quartering of soldiers, regardless of whether the American civilians were willing or not to have soldiers in their homes. The laws further revoked colonial rights to hold trials in cases involving soldiers or crown officials, forcing such trials to be held in England rather than in America. Parliament also sent 4312:, giving the grantees control of the land and the powers of legislative government. The charters provided a fundamental constitution and divided powers among legislative, executive, and judicial functions, with those powers being vested in officials. Massachusetts, Providence Plantation, Rhode Island, Warwick, and Connecticut were charter colonies. The Massachusetts charter was revoked in 1684 and was replaced by a provincial charter that was issued in 1691. 9514: 8898: 1887: 1848: 3040:

particularly in the Caribbean. The colonists traded foodstuffs, wood, tobacco, and various other resources for Asian tea, West Indian coffee, and West Indian sugar, among other items. American Indians far from the Atlantic coast supplied the Atlantic market with beaver fur and deerskins. America had an advantage in natural resources and established its own thriving shipbuilding industry, and many American merchants engaged in the transatlantic trade.

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long-lasting two-faction systems that held together for years at the colony level, but they did not reach into local affairs. The factions were based on the personalities of a few leaders and an array of family connections, and they had little basis in policy or ideology. Elsewhere the political scene was in a constant whirl, based on personality rather than long-lived factions or serious disputes on issues.

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1770 and 1775 3,900 Irish Catholics arrived out of almost 45,000 white immigrants (7,000 English, 15,000 Scots, 13,200 Scots-Irish, 5,200 Germans). Most Catholics were English Recusants, Germans, Irish, or blacks; half lived in Maryland, with large populations also in New York and Pennsylvania. Presbyterians were chiefly immigrants from Scotland and Ulster who favored the back-country and frontier districts.

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70 or 80 percent of all white men were enfranchised. Yet there were also locales...where the percentages were far lower, closer to 40 or 50 percent....On the whole, the franchise was far more widespread than it was in England, yet as the revolution approached, the rate of property ownership was falling, and the proportion of adult white males who were eligible to vote was probably less than 60 percent.

4465: 3176:, which benefited the American cause during the Revolution. Also, colonial legislatures and officials had to cooperate intensively in pursuit of the continent-wide military effort. The relations were not always positive between the British military establishment and the colonists, setting the stage for later distrust and dislike of British troops. 3152:. Previous colonial wars in North America had started in Europe and then spread to the colonies, but the French and Indian War is notable for having started in North America and spread to Europe. One of the primary causes of the war was increasing competition between Britain and France, especially in the Great Lakes and Ohio valley. 3230:

the most heavily taxed of any in Europe, pointed out angrily that the colonists paid little to the royal coffers. The colonists replied that their sons had fought and died in a war that served European interests more than their own. This dispute was a link in the chain of events that soon brought about the American Revolution.

2769:. The operation was led by former members of the Dutch West India Company, including Peter Minuit. New Sweden established extensive trading contacts with English colonies to the south and shipped much of the tobacco produced in Virginia. The colony was conquered by the Dutch in 1655, while Sweden was engaged in the 2609: 2741:. Relatively few Dutch settled in New Netherland, but the colony came to dominate the regional fur trade. It also served as the base for extensive trade with the English colonies, and many products from New England and Virginia were carried to Europe on Dutch ships. The Dutch also engaged in the burgeoning 4416:, where all trade was concentrated inside the Empire, and trade with other empires was forbidden. The goal was to enrich Britain—its merchants and its government. Whether the policy was good for the colonists was not an issue in London, but Americans became increasingly restive with mercantilist policies. 2819:. The main population elements included the Quaker population based in Philadelphia, a Scotch-Irish population on the Western frontier, and numerous German colonies in between. Philadelphia became the largest city in the colonies with its central location, excellent port, and a population of about 30,000. 4656:, which American lawyers and jurists understood, approved of, and used in their everyday practice. Historians have examined how the rising American legal profession adapted the British common law to incorporate republicanism by selective revision of legal customs and by introducing more choice for courts. 4066:

According to Patricia Bonomi, "early Americans in all sections lived not in a spiritual desert but in a world where religion formed a key component of their mental landscape." Protestantism was the predominant religious affiliation in the Thirteen Colonies. There were also a few Catholics in Maryland

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and 2% Huguenot French and other minorities. Over 90% were farmers, with several small cities that were also seaports linking the colonial economy to the larger British Empire. These populations continued to grow at a rapid rate during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, primarily because of high

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The war also increased a sense of American unity in other ways. It caused men to travel across the continent who might otherwise have never left their own colony, fighting alongside men from decidedly different backgrounds who were nonetheless still American. Throughout the course of the war, British

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A small proportion of the English population migrated to America after 1700, but the colonies attracted new immigrants from other European countries. These immigrants traveled to all of the colonies, but the Middle Colonies attracted the most and continued to be more ethnically diverse than the other

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Improved economic conditions and easing of religious persecution in Europe made it more difficult to recruit labor to the colonies, and many colonies became increasingly reliant on slave labor, particularly in the South. The population of slaves in America grew dramatically between 1680 and 1750, and

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The British American colonies became part of the global British trading network, as the value tripled for exports from America to Britain between 1700 and 1754. The colonists were restricted in trading with other European powers, but they found profitable trade partners in the other British colonies,

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proposed that the area south of the Carolinas be colonized with the "worthy poor" of England to provide an alternative to the overcrowded debtors' prisons. Oglethorpe and other English philanthropists secured a royal charter as the Trustees of the colony of Georgia on June 9, 1732. Oglethorpe and his

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cause, but their geographical isolation and the dominance of British naval power precluded any effective participation. The British crown had only recently acquired several of those lands, and many of the issues facing the Thirteen Colonies did not apply to them, especially in the case of Quebec and

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Settlers did not come to the American colonies with the intention of creating a democratic system; yet they quickly created a broad electorate. The 13 colonies had no hereditary aristocrats as in Europe. There were no rich gentry who owned all the farmland and rented it out to tenants, as in England

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The provincial colony was governed by commissions created at the pleasure of the king. A governor and his council were appointed by the crown. The governor was invested with general executive powers and authorized to call a locally elected assembly. The governor's council would sit as an upper house

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and brought in fellow Catholics from England. Catholics were about 1.6% of the population or 40,000 in 1775. Of the 200–250,000 Irish who came to the Colonies between 1701 and 1775 less than 20,000 were Catholic, many of whom hid their faith or lapsed because of prejudice and discrimination. Between

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in September 1774. In the aftermath of the Intolerable Acts, the delegates asserted that the colonies owed allegiance only to the king; they would accept royal governors as agents of the king, but they were no longer willing to recognize Parliament's right to pass legislation affecting the colonies.

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Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants—and kept others out—by trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries

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The right to vote had always been extraordinarily widespread—at least among adult white males--even before the country gained its independence....Enfranchisement varied greatly by location. There certainly were communities, particularly newly settled communities where land was inexpensive, in which

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With the exception of the College of William and Mary, these institutions were all located in New England and the Middle Colonies. The southern colonies held the belief that the family had the responsibility of educating their children, mirroring the common belief in Europe. Wealthy families either

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By the time of the Revolution, each of the mainland colonies had at least the rudiments of a statutory law of slavery...and nine of them had fairly elaborate slave codes that specified four basic legal characteristics of American slavery. First, the statutes defined slavery as a lifetime condition,

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William Pitt the Elder had decided to wage the war in the colonies with the use of troops from the colonies and tax funds from Britain itself. This was a successful wartime strategy but, after the war was over, each side believed that it had borne a greater burden than the other. The British elite,

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After 1680, the imperial government in London took an increasing interest in the affairs of the colonies, which were growing rapidly in population and wealth. In 1680, only Virginia was a royal colony; by 1720, half were under the control of royal governors. These governors were appointees closely

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was legal and practiced in all of the Thirteen Colonies. In most places, it involved house servants or farm workers. It was of economic importance in the export-oriented tobacco plantations of Virginia and Maryland and on the rice and indigo plantations of South Carolina. About 287,000 slaves were

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feared a confrontation with the colonists; he requested reinforcements from Britain, but the British government was not willing to pay for the expense of stationing tens of thousands of soldiers in the Thirteen Colonies. Gage was instead ordered to seize Patriot arsenals. He dispatched a force to

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was appointed governor of the entire province. From that time until 1708, the northern and southern settlements remained under one government. However, during this period, the two halves of the province began increasingly to be known as North Carolina and South Carolina, as the descendants of the

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The British renamed the colony of New Amsterdam to "York City" or "New York". Large numbers of Dutch remained in the colony, dominating the rural areas between Manhattan and Albany, while people from New England started moving in as well as immigrants from Germany. New York City attracted a large

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Voting was voluntary and typically about half the men eligible to vote turned out on election day. Turnout was usually higher in Pennsylvania and New York, where long-standing factions based on ethnic and religious groups mobilized supporters at a higher rate. New York and Rhode Island developed

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The colonial political culture emphasized deference, so that local notables were the men who ran and were chosen. But sometimes they competed with each other and had to appeal to the common man for votes. There were no political parties, and would-be legislators formed ad hoc coalitions of their

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The colonial population rose to a quarter of a million during the 17th century, and to nearly 2.5 million on the eve of the American revolution. The estimates do not include the Indian tribes outside the jurisdiction of the colonies. Good health was important for the growth of the colonies:

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in an effort to undercut the competition, and Prime Minister North's ministry hoped that this would establish a precedent of colonists accepting British taxation policies. Trouble escalated over the tea tax, as Americans in each colony boycotted the tea, and those in Boston dumped the tea in the

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to the London and Plymouth companies. The overlapping area (in yellow) was granted to both companies on the stipulation that neither found a settlement within 100 miles (160 km) of each other. The location of early settlements is shown, including Jamestown (J), Quebec (Q), Popham (Po), Port

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to the Carolinas in 1663, hoping that a new colony in the south would become profitable like Jamestown. Carolina was not settled until 1670, and even then the first attempt failed because there was no incentive for emigration to that area. Eventually, however, the Lords combined their remaining

2081:, in 1607. The New England Colonies, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, were substantially motivated by their founders' concerns related to the practice of religion. The other colonies were founded for business and economic expansion. The Middle Colonies were established on the former Dutch colony of 4255:

Most New England towns sponsored public schools for boys, but public schooling was rare elsewhere. Girls were educated at home or by small local private schools, and they had no access to college. Aspiring physicians and lawyers typically learned as apprentices to an established practitioner,

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though the colonies be thus absolutely subject to the parliament of England, the individuals of which the colony consist, may enjoy security, and freedom; there is not a single inhabitant, of the thirteen colonies, now in arms, but who may be conscious of the truth of this assertion".

3275:. Some groups of settlers disregarded the proclamation, however, and continued to move west and establish farms. The proclamation was modified and was no longer a hindrance to settlement, but the fact angered the colonists that it had been promulgated without their prior consultation. 7220:

the neoprogressives have argued that the varying material circumstances of American participants led them to hold distinctive versions of republicanism, giving the Revolution a less unified and more complex ideological underpinning than the idealistic historians had previously

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centered on the Thirteen Colonies, which attracted large numbers of settlers from Britain. The "Imperial School" in the 1900–1930s took a favorable view of the benefits of empire, emphasizing its successful economic integration. The Imperial School included such historians as

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deposed King James II; the former colonies were re-established. According to Guy Miller, the Rebellion of 1689 was the "climax of the 60-year-old struggle between the government in England and the Puritans of Massachusetts over the question of who was to rule the Bay colony."

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valley. The colonies engaged in a scramble to purchase land from Indian tribes, as the British insisted that claims to land should rest on legitimate purchases. Virginia was particularly intent on western expansion, and most of the elite Virginia families invested in the

86: 85: 4745:; the vote was restricted to free male subjects of a certain wealth measured by amount of property or extent of taxes paid, excluding the working classes, women, the enslaved, and Native Americans (Indians) from voting. Moreover, colonies, as in Britain, had varying 3044:

the growth was driven by a mixture of forced immigration and the reproduction of slaves. Slaves supported vast plantation economies in the South, while slaves in the North worked in a variety of occupations. There were a few local attempted slave revolts, such as the

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in particular took strong exception against the Stamp Act which imposed a tax on newspapers and official documents, and played a central role in disseminating literature among the colonists against such taxes and the idea of taxation without colonial representation.

4356:. This viewpoint dominated colonial historiography into the 1940s, and they emphasized and often praised the attention that London gave to all the colonies. In this view, there was never a threat (before the 1770s) that any colony would revolt or seek independence. 3719:"Fewer deaths among the young meant that a higher proportion of the population reached reproductive age, and that fact alone helps to explain why the colonies grew so rapidly." There were many other reasons for the population growth besides good health, such as the 2749:

and Brazil. The West India Company desired to grow New Netherland as it became commercially successful, yet the colony failed to attract the same level of settlement as the English colonies did. Many of those who did immigrate to the colony were English, German,

3314:. They argued that the colonies had no representation in the British Parliament, so it was a violation of their rights as Englishmen for taxes to be imposed upon them. Parliament rejected the colonial protests and asserted its authority by passing new taxes. 2990:

compatriots hoped to establish a utopian colony that banned slavery and recruited only the most worthy settlers, but by 1750 the colony remained sparsely populated. The proprietors gave up their charter in 1752, at which point Georgia became a crown colony.

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The shock of Britain's defeat in 1783 caused a radical revision of British policies on colonialism, thereby producing what historians call the end of the First British Empire, even though Britain still controlled Canada and some islands in the West Indies.

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New Netherland with 17th-century Dutch claims in areas that later became English colonies shown in red and yellow. Present U.S. states are shown in gray. Four British colonies, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, are referred to as the middle

2638:, a joint-stock company looking for gold. Its first years were extremely difficult, with very high death rates from disease and starvation, wars with local Indians, and little gold. The colony survived and flourished by turning to tobacco as a cash crop. 6970: 4617:

Much of the historiography concerns the reasons why the Americans rebelled in the 1770s and successfully broke away. Since the 1960s, the mainstream of historiography has emphasized the growth of American consciousness and nationalism and the colonial

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when the assembly was in session, in addition to its role in advising the governor. Assemblies were made up of representatives elected by the freeholders and planters (landowners) of the province. The governor had the power of absolute veto and could

2934:. Massachusetts absorbed these small settlements when it made significant land claims in the 1640s and 1650s, but New Hampshire was eventually given a separate charter in 1679. Maine remained a part of Massachusetts until achieving statehood in 1820. 2914:

and others established a settlement near Providence Plantations which they called Shawomet. However, Massachusetts Bay attempted to seize the land and put it under their own authority, so Gorton travelled to London to gain a charter from the King.

3993:. The great majority went to sugar colonies in the Caribbean and to Brazil, where life expectancy was short and the numbers had to be continually replenished. By the mid-18th century, life expectancy was much higher in the American colonies. 2111:(1754–1763) against France and its Indian allies led to growing tensions between Britain and the 13 colonies. During the 1750s, the colonies began collaborating with one another instead of dealing directly with Britain. With the help of 4651:

The ideological approach centers on republicanism in the Thirteen Colonies. The ideas of republicanism dictated that the United States would have no royalty or aristocracy or national church. They did permit continuation of the British

2237:. The Dutch, Swedish, and French also established successful American colonies at roughly the same time as the English, but they eventually came under the English crown. The Thirteen Colonies were complete with the establishment of the 4203:

Higher education was available for young men in the north, and most students were aspiring Protestant ministers. Nine institutions of higher education were chartered during the colonial era. These colleges, known collectively as the

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remained loyal to the British crown throughout the war (although Spain reacquired Florida as the war was ending, and in 1821 sold it to the United States). Several of the other colonies evinced a certain degree of sympathy with the

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separatists who felt that they needed to distance themselves physically from the Church of England, which they perceived as corrupted. They initially moved to the Netherlands, but eventually sailed to America in 1620 on the

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The population figures are estimates by historians; they do not include the Indian tribes outside the jurisdiction of the colonies. They do include Indians living under colonial control, as well as slaves and indentured

3521:. The committee, in turn, asked Jefferson to author the first draft, which Jefferson largely wrote in isolation between June 11, 1776, and June 28, 1776, from the second floor of a three-story home he was renting at 700 4771:

The States of: New Hampshire; Massachusetts bay; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; Connecticut; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware; Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; South Carolina; Georgia (see

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The British were left with large debts following the French and Indian War, so British leaders decided to increase taxation and control of the Thirteen Colonies. They imposed several new taxes, beginning with the

2869:; many died soon after arrival, but the others found a healthy climate and an ample food supply. The Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies together spawned other Puritan colonies in New England, including the 2974:

colony's proprietors fought over the direction of the colony. The colonists of Charles Town finally deposed their governor and elected their own government. This marked the start of separate governments in the

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decided that major military resources needed to be devoted to North America in order to win the war against France. For the first time, the continent became one of the main theaters of what could be termed a

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and a new charter was issued in 1663, making it a proprietary colony. The Carolina province was divided into separate proprietary colonies, north and south in 1712, before both became royal colonies in 1729.

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The colonies were independent of one other before 1774; indeed, all the colonies began as separate and unique settlements or plantations. Further, efforts had failed to form a colonial union through the

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parishes in the South were under the control of local vestries and had public functions such as repair of the roads and relief of the poor. After 1700 the vestry no longer dominated the minister.

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By 1774, colonists still hoped to remain part of the British Empire, but discontentment was widespread concerning British rule throughout the Thirteen Colonies. Colonists elected delegates to the

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assisted him in gaining the charter, so he changed the name of the settlement to Warwick. Roger Williams secured a Royal Charter from the King in 1663 which united all four settlements into the

11965: 4043:. From 1770 until 1860, the rate of natural growth of North American slaves was much greater than for the population of any nation in Europe, and was nearly twice as rapid as that in England. 11457: 12685: 13177: 4091:, and was the established religious affiliation in Massachusetts and Connecticut into the 19th century. In practice, this meant that tax revenues were allocated to church expenses. The 14523: 1955:

during the 17th and 18th centuries. Grievances against the imperial government led the 13 colonies to begin uniting in 1774, and expelling British officials by 1775. Assembled at the

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The British and colonists triumphed jointly over a common foe. The colonists' loyalty to the mother country was stronger than ever before. However, disunity was beginning to form.

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watershed. Following the war, Britain gained all French territory east of the Mississippi River, including Quebec, the Great Lakes, and the Ohio River valley. Britain also gained

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which would have created a unified government of the Thirteen Colonies for coordination of defense and other matters, but the plan was rejected by the leaders of most colonies.

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However, the colonists took pains to argue that they did not oppose British regulation of their external trade; they only opposed legislation that affected them internally.

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As the 18th century progressed, colonists began to settle far from the Atlantic coast. Pennsylvania, Virginia, Connecticut, and Maryland all laid claim to the land in the

3459:, assembled in the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia, began recruiting soldiers for the Revolutionary War against the British, printing its own money, and appointing 12767: 9248: 3713: 12772: 8934: 7606: 391: 2653:. Calvert's father had been a prominent Catholic official who encouraged Catholic immigration to the English colonies. The charter offered no guidelines on religion. 12867: 12207: 12077: 9969: 1187: 739: 10226: 5023:

so in this Country we have Thirteen Colonies at least severally govern'd by their respective Commanders in Chief, according to their peculiar Laws and Constitutions

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Proprietary colonies were governed much as royal colonies, except that lord proprietors appointed the governor rather than the king. They were set up after the

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used tutors and governesses from Britain or sent children to school in England. By the 1700s, university students based in the colonies began to act as tutors.

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Parliament had directly levied duties and excise taxes on the colonies, bypassing the colonial legislatures, and Americans began to insist on the principle of "

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had a population of more than 16,000, which was small by European standards. By 1770, the economic output of the Thirteen Colonies made up forty percent of the

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of 1660 and typically enjoyed greater civil and religious liberty. Pennsylvania (which included Delaware), New Jersey, and Maryland were proprietary colonies.

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were well established in Pennsylvania, where they controlled the governorship and the legislature for many years. Quakers were also numerous in Rhode Island.

14538: 14503: 13233: 12800: 12690: 11215: 10683: 10530: 4244:. The College of William & Mary and Queen's College later became public institutions while the other institutions account for seven of the eight private 1477: 4424:, which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires, and sometimes seized them. Thus the British Navy captured 3354:

Most delegates opposed an attack on the British position in Boston, and the Continental Congress instead agreed to the imposition of a boycott known as the

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According to the United States Historical Census Data Base (USHCDB), the ethnic populations in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, and 1775 were:

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its commander, made treaties, declared independence, and recommended that the colonies write constitutions and become states, later enumerated in the 1777

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Historians before the 1880s emphasized American nationalism. However, scholarship after that time was heavily influenced by the "Imperial school" led by

3529:. Considering Congress's busy schedule, Jefferson probably had limited time for writing over these 17 days, and he likely wrote his first draft quickly. 1213: 1203: 4758:

The number 13 is mentioned as early as 1720. This includes Carolina as a single colony and does not include Georgia, but instead counts Nova Scotia and

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and "during the last war, no part of his majesty's dominions contained a greater proportion of faithful subjects than the Thirteen Colonies." (p. 136)

12707: 12494: 11427: 10295: 8369: 4325: 4155: 2920: 2389: 2003: 1851: 13199: 13172: 12489: 4407: 3001:. More than 90 percent of the colonists lived as farmers, though some seaports also flourished. In 1760, the cities of Philadelphia, New York, and 2866: 1404: 1034: 983: 46: 10183: 4520:

Besides the grouping that became known as the "thirteen colonies", Britain in the late-18th century had another dozen colonial possessions in the

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imported into the Thirteen Colonies over a period of 160 years, or 2% of the estimated 12 million taken from Africa to the Americas via the

1044: 860: 4421: 3358:. The boycott proved effective and the value of British imports dropped dramatically. The Thirteen Colonies became increasingly divided between 14508: 13355: 12273: 11760: 11417: 8927: 6313:

William M. Wiecek, “The Statutory Law of Slavery and Race in the Thirteen Mainland Colonies of British America.” The William and Mary Quarterly

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The first British Empire was largely destroyed by the loss of the American colonies, followed by a "swing to the east" and the foundation of a

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Other colonists settled to the north, mingling with adventurers and profit-oriented settlers to establish more religiously diverse colonies in

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The colonies were religiously diverse, with different Protestant denominations brought by British, German, Dutch, and other immigrants. The

13187: 12784: 12600: 12541: 12124: 12082: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 9254: 6738: 4706: 4681: 4265: 2982:. In 1729, the king formally revoked Carolina's colonial charter and established both North Carolina and South Carolina as crown colonies. 2104: 1074: 1014: 899: 838: 816: 783: 750: 695: 651: 629: 596: 563: 530: 14311: 14154: 14049: 13794: 13532: 12652: 12563: 12305: 12290: 12172: 11452: 11376: 10865: 10804: 8287: 3740: 3222:. In removing a major foreign threat to the thirteen colonies, the war also largely removed the colonists' need for colonial protection. 1868: 1825: 1193: 955: 14137: 13652: 13647: 13637: 13010: 12739: 11987: 11599: 11407: 11113: 10316: 9661: 8964: 8614: 8608: 3198:, France formally ceded to Britain the eastern part of its vast North American empire, having secretly given to Spain the territory of 3067:. Protestant Germans also immigrated in large numbers, particularly to Pennsylvania. In the 1740s, the Thirteen Colonies underwent the 1523: 1468: 1441: 1019: 120: 11205: 14528: 14513: 14306: 14249: 14142: 13971: 13413: 11916: 11281: 10688: 9989: 9912: 9517: 9107: 8920: 3518: 3488: 2784:

captured the lightly defended New Amsterdam in 1664, and his subordinates quickly captured the remainder of New Netherland. The 1667

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On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress unanimously adopted and issued the Declaration as a letter of grievances to King

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west of the Mississippi River the previous year. Before the war, Britain held the thirteen American colonies, most of present-day

14259: 14232: 14191: 14186: 14159: 14089: 13976: 13772: 13579: 13167: 12991: 12889: 12521: 10992: 10678: 2501:, established in 1674; merged with East Jersey to re-form Province of New Jersey in 1702; included in the Dominion of New England 2495:, established in 1674; merged with West Jersey to re-form Province of New Jersey in 1702; included in the Dominion of New England 2369: 1815: 1436: 1039: 998: 969: 6180: 6155:

Boyer, Paul S.; Clark, Clifford E.; Halttunen, Karen; Kett, Joseph F.; Salisbury, Neal; Sitkoff, Harvard; Woloch, Nancy (2013).

14360: 14069: 13752: 13657: 13487: 13435: 13396: 12963: 12958: 12812: 12749: 12702: 12680: 12645: 12300: 12156: 11412: 11195: 10870: 10260: 10039: 9371: 8250: 3256: 2112: 1102: 941: 926: 11700: 4435:, which Americans avoided as often as they could. The royal officials responded to smuggling with open-ended search warrants ( 14176: 14064: 13934: 13838: 13747: 13671: 13216: 13182: 12197: 12187: 12182: 12040: 12035: 11899: 11864: 11371: 10663: 9918: 9611: 8840: 8223: 7384: 6535: 5428: 5338: 5113: 4976: 4711: 4686: 4666: 3980: 3141:

and other territories. In the aftermath of the war, both the British and French sought to expand into the Ohio River valley.

2595: 2093: 2089: 1890: 1518: 1482: 1423: 1331: 1081: 963: 920: 728: 518: 4893: 14372: 14269: 14206: 14196: 14079: 13870: 13833: 13762: 13594: 13559: 13110: 12840: 12573: 12344: 12295: 12268: 12192: 12151: 11527: 10890: 9877: 9401: 8669: 7531: 7304: 4671: 4571: 2599: 2303: 1944: 14328: 14316: 14254: 14011: 13502: 13401: 12998: 12657: 12553: 12437: 11590: 11522: 11402: 11225: 10668: 10658: 10648: 9546: 8761: 6040:"Chapter Z: Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics (Series Z 1-19: Estimated Population of American Colonies: 1610 to 1780)" 5605:

Richard S. Dunn, "Servants and slaves: The recruitment and employment of labor." in Jack P., Greene and J. R. Pole, eds.

3429:, but the Patriots learned about it and blocked their advance. The Patriots repulsed the British force at the April 1775 2249: 2088:

Between 1625 and 1775, the colonial population grew from 2 thousand to 2.4 million, largely displacing the region's

1878: 1365: 1120: 500: 4431:

Britain implemented mercantilism by trying to block American trade with the French, Spanish, or Dutch empires using the

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dumped thousands of pounds of tea into the water. Tensions escalated in 1774 as Parliament passed the laws known as the

14301: 14242: 14127: 14122: 14059: 13821: 13782: 13742: 13589: 13542: 13522: 13135: 12762: 12757: 12662: 12610: 12139: 11894: 11753: 11497: 10885: 10860: 10794: 10719: 10643: 9974: 9636: 9621: 8566: 7427:. The Historiography of the British Empire–Commonwealth: Trends, Interpretations and Resources. Duke University Press. 6164: 4676: 4619: 4533: 4444: 4190: 4088: 3307: 2650: 2120: 2074: 1873: 1430: 1198: 1059: 931: 20: 3405:, and colonists began to boycott imported British merchandise. Later in 1774, 12 colonies sent representatives to the 14343: 14323: 14274: 14264: 14132: 14054: 14031: 13991: 13855: 13845: 13722: 13697: 13604: 13584: 13062: 12852: 12578: 11960: 11549: 11293: 10444: 8872: 8799: 8190: 8129: 8093: 8068: 8046: 7998: 7975: 7952: 7926: 7900: 7836: 7813: 7787: 7749: 7723: 7697: 7669: 7615: 7591: 7506: 7454: 7432: 7406: 7346: 7213: 7093: 6932: 6862: 6808: 6732: 6679: 6572: 6508: 6483: 6458: 6433: 6355: 6298: 6273: 6088: 5847: 5821: 4868: 4691: 3156: 1097: 1087: 488: 11200: 4039:

The numbers grew rapidly through a very high birth rate and low mortality rate, reaching nearly four million by the

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An Enquiry, Whether the Guilt of the Present Civil War in America, Ought to be Imputed to Great Britain Or America

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of the colonists. He lost the case, but John Adams later wrote, "Then and there the child Independence was born."

3164:. During the war, it became increasingly apparent to American colonists that they were under the authority of the 2792:

and confirmed English control of the region. The Dutch briefly regained control of parts of New Netherland in the

2073:

The Thirteen Colonies had similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and each was largely dominated by

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The northern and southern sections of the Carolina colony operated more or less independently until 1691 when

2115:, these inter-colonial activities and concerns were shared and led to calls for protection of the colonists' " 14117: 13981: 13897: 13828: 13799: 13737: 13627: 13599: 13243: 12615: 12508: 11746: 11083: 11042: 10374: 10008: 9924: 9897: 8399: 8248:"WWW-VL: HISTORY: USA: COLONIAL ERA" links to hundreds of primary and secondary documents, maps, and articles 4558: 3444:

hosted a convention of delegates for the Thirteen Colonies. It raised an army to fight the British and named

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Revising Custom, Embracing Choice: Early American Legal Scholars and the Republicanization of the Common Law

2745:, bringing some enslaved Africans to the English colonies in North America, although many more were sent to 14412: 14405: 14338: 14201: 14084: 14006: 13996: 13850: 13811: 13767: 13727: 13684: 13632: 13564: 13537: 13497: 13475: 13284: 13098: 13045: 12978: 12835: 12791: 12719: 12640: 12558: 12369: 12233: 12062: 11970: 11778: 11680: 11477: 11298: 9907: 9648: 9303: 8974: 7497: 6635: 4213: 3522: 2851: 2797: 2603: 1376: 1350: 1336: 1306: 1296: 1247: 1173: 706: 466: 4648:

approach looks at community social structure to find issues that became magnified into colonial cleavages.

4625:

Historians in recent decades have mostly used one of three approaches to analyze the American Revolution:

3093:; land held by the British before 1763 is shown in red and land gained by Britain in 1763 is shown in pink 14333: 14284: 14099: 14001: 13924: 13806: 13702: 13527: 13512: 13450: 13085: 13040: 12847: 12729: 12583: 11507: 10875: 10824: 10575: 10454: 10334: 10168: 9954: 9695: 8705: 4283: 3456: 3414: 3049: 2217:

in 1607, the first permanently settled English colony on the continent. The Plymouth Company founded the

1956: 1800: 1694: 1267: 1257: 11210: 10525: 8681: 14493: 14439: 14237: 14107: 13939: 13919: 13907: 13717: 13707: 13389: 13294: 12907: 12897: 12424: 12419: 12409: 12404: 11926: 11512: 10937: 10789: 10591: 9934: 9785: 9730: 9569: 8901: 8411: 8405: 8273: 7079: 5371:"Salmon and Steelhead Runs and Related Events of the Sandy River Basin – A Historical Perspective" 4602: 4229: 3540: 3406: 3395: 3375: 3346: 3264: 3126: 2979: 2975: 2678: 2556:, previously part of the Carolina province (see below) until 1712; chartered as a royal colony in 1729. 2553: 2550:, previously part of the Carolina province (see below) until 1712; chartered as a royal colony in 1729. 2547: 2392: 2234: 2139: 2047: 2043: 1972: 1396: 1381: 1241: 396: 226: 11220: 10952: 7042: 4920:"'No Religious Test Shall Ever Be Required': Reflections on the Bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution" 2570:

was initially chartered in 1629 and initial settlements were established after 1651. That charter was

2362:, established in 1629; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1641; chartered as royal colony in 1679 13816: 13122: 12927: 12922: 12484: 11938: 11271: 11261: 11143: 10565: 10550: 10364: 10255: 10204: 10049: 9999: 9846: 9710: 9654: 8687: 8511: 8351: 8085: 8015: 4040: 3449: 3117:, a Spanish city in South America. The war against Spain merged into a broader conflict known as the 2927: 2881:

colonies. During the 17th century, the New Haven and Saybrook colonies were absorbed by Connecticut.

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was the second attempted English settlement south of Virginia, the first being the failed attempt at

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for the purpose of establishing permanent settlements in America. The London Company established the

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was their main leader. After its founding, other settlers traveled from England to join the colony.

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polyglot population, including a large black slave population. In 1674, the proprietary colonies of

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A century of population growth from the first census of the United States to the twelfth, 1790–1900

7797: 7548: 7109:

Tyrrell, Ian (1999). "Making Nations/Making States: American Historians in the Context of Empire".

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The French and Indian War took on a new significance for the British North American colonists when

2993:

The population of the Thirteen Colonies grew immensely in the 18th century. According to historian

2858: 2715: 2506: 2405: 2351: 2023: 1774: 1679: 1639: 1234: 11630: 6263: 2997:, the population was 1.5 million in 1750, which represented four-fifths of the population of 2479:, established as a proprietary colony in 1664; chartered as royal colony in 1686; included in the 13423: 13159: 12917: 11884: 11583: 11487: 11047: 10714: 10601: 10344: 9939: 9836: 9740: 9668: 8554: 8536: 7828: 7601: 7579: 6887: 6790: 4507: 3355: 2994: 2942: 2635: 2480: 2445: 2341: 2248:

In London, beginning in 1660, all colonies were governed through a state department known as the

1739: 1729: 1724: 1704: 295: 10173: 6719: 6047:

Bicentennial Edition: Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, Part 2

5859:

Holton, Woody (1994). "The Ohio Indians and the coming of the American Revolution in Virginia".

3137:. However, many colonists were angered when Britain returned Louisbourg to France in return for 3056:

colonies. Numerous settlers immigrated from Ireland, both Catholic and Protestant—particularly "

53: 14421: 13875: 13225: 13035: 13015: 12817: 12672: 12467: 12414: 12399: 12243: 11931: 11670: 11615: 11537: 11266: 10834: 10596: 10059: 10029: 9601: 9462: 8864: 8767: 8381: 8029: 7707: 7689: 7661: 6908:

The Great Frontier War: Britain, France, and the Imperial Struggle for North America, 1607–1755

4641:. It tends to integrate the historiographies of the American Revolution and the British Empire. 4349: 4313: 4151: 3857: 3548: 3426: 3342:

to serve as Governor of Massachusetts and as the commander of British forces in North America.

3226: 3199: 3195: 3102: 3006: 2963: 2789: 2785: 2486: 2019: 1984: 1983:. Defeating British armies with French help, the Thirteen Colonies gained sovereignty with the 1841: 1820: 1654: 1569: 1513: 585: 321: 60: 7552: 7203: 6852: 5997: 5444:

Miller, Guy Howard (1968). "Rebellion in Zion: The Overthrow of the Dominion of New England".

5016: 4394:. The thirteen all had well-established systems of self-government and elections based on the 4282:. These governments were all subordinate to the British monarch with no representation in the 3394:

A map of the Thirteen Colonies (in red) and nearby colonial areas (1763–1775) just before the

14453: 14074: 13757: 12872: 12429: 12394: 12389: 12332: 12315: 12045: 11690: 11675: 11568: 11502: 11287: 10997: 10809: 10504: 10459: 10424: 10354: 10339: 10275: 10024: 9964: 9841: 8999: 8711: 8645: 8560: 8215: 8146: 7846: 7805: 7779: 7715: 7517: 7268: 7083: 6210: 6001: 5838: 5040: 4894:"Winning the Vote: A History of Voting Rights – Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History" 4610: 4478: 4464: 4321: 4178: 4119: 4084: 3272: 3268: 3145: 3090: 3080: 3068: 2998: 2846:, by which they bound themselves together as a united community, thus establishing the small 2793: 2682: 2575: 2425: 2419: 2315: 2108: 1689: 1684: 1559: 1285: 849: 794: 772: 282: 6073: 5418: 4848: 2100:, in which the central government administered its colonies for Britain's economic benefit. 478: 14477: 14426: 13554: 13428: 13319: 12697: 12129: 12109: 12057: 12007: 11948: 11879: 11352: 11303: 10404: 10399: 10389: 10135: 9887: 9882: 9631: 9184: 9127: 9113: 9011: 8781: 8729: 8602: 8524: 8387: 8357: 8307: 7892: 7037: 5151: 4773: 4577: 4541: 4395: 4111: 3990: 3510: 3441: 3244: 3168:, as British military and civilian officials took on an increased presence in their lives. 3122: 2742: 2657: 2646: 2567: 2541: 2476: 2345: 2273: 2176: 2131: 2116: 2035: 2015: 1991: 1900: 1779: 1744: 1649: 1624: 1321: 1311: 618: 607: 552: 8259: 8: 13966: 13882: 13692: 13408: 13093: 12724: 11921: 11665: 11544: 11190: 10947: 10570: 10449: 10429: 10414: 10394: 10379: 10150: 9949: 9679: 9583: 9365: 9210: 9196: 9098: 9080: 9017: 8993: 8987: 8856: 8717: 8584: 8457: 8417: 8317: 7936: 7910: 7679: 7651: 6564: 4759: 4529: 4525: 4302: 4295: 4225: 3402: 3284: 3149: 3114: 2950: 2938: 2888: 2770: 2642: 2627: 2559: 2525: 2299: 2242: 2241:

in 1732, although the term "Thirteen Colonies" became current only in the context of the

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The Spirit of 'Seventy-Six: The Story of the American Revolution as told by Participants

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Map of higher education in the 13 Colonies immediately prior to the American Revolution.

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The Long Argument: English Puritanism and the Shaping of New England Culture, 1570–1700

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Heinemann, Ronald L.; Kolp, John G.; Parent, Anthony S. Jr.; Shade, William G. (2008).

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Voting in Provincial America: A Study of Elections in the Thirteen Colonies, 1689–1776

6671:

Voting in Provincial America: A Study of Elections in the Thirteen Colonies, 1689–1776

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New Netherland in a nutshell: a concise history of the Dutch colony in North America.

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Atlantic Transformations: Empire, Politics, and Slavery during the Nineteenth Century

4634: 4586: 4582: 4391: 4345: 4341: 4241: 4221: 4205: 4107: 4076: 3933: 3777: 3526: 3502: 3494: 3460: 3445: 3311: 3299: 3248: 3184: 3173: 3148:(1754–1763) was the American extension of the general European conflict known as the 3057: 2931: 2862: 2843: 2711: 2665: 2519: 2337: 2194: 2031: 1964: 1896: 1719: 1674: 1614: 1589: 1544: 1487: 506: 78: 8247: 6141: 5592:

Jacob M. Price, "The Transatlantic Economy" in Jack P., Greene and J. R. Pole, eds.

2718:

established permanent settlements on the Hudson River, creating the Dutch colony of

2162: 13865: 13712: 13418: 13238: 12248: 12089: 12072: 12067: 11906: 11726: 11650: 11635: 11472: 11158: 11123: 11032: 11017: 11002: 10962: 10774: 10464: 10145: 10140: 10054: 9979: 9929: 9831: 9720: 9715: 9157: 9145: 9133: 9092: 9060: 8912: 8620: 8596: 8530: 8505: 8463: 8322: 7571: 7394: 7168: 7118: 6796: 6316: 6113: 5868: 5453: 4931: 4856: 4630: 4497: 4317: 4233: 4143: 4080: 3917: 3803: 3506: 3476: 3381: 3335: 3327: 2986: 2907: 2870: 2777: 2538:, established in 1607 as a proprietary colony; chartered as a royal colony in 1624. 2529: 2489:, established as a proprietary colony in 1664; chartered as a royal colony in 1702 2422:

established in 1639 after a disagreement and split among the settlers in Portsmouth

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The Poor Indians: British Missionaries, Native Americans, and Colonial Sensibility

5145: 3551:, Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States of America. 3289: 14465: 13574: 13350: 13248: 13020: 12320: 12253: 12022: 11943: 11889: 11660: 11645: 11492: 11037: 10977: 10942: 10932: 10329: 10250: 10178: 10123: 10034: 10003: 9959: 9892: 9851: 9811: 9800: 9770: 9414: 9163: 8817: 8735: 8693: 8657: 8499: 8481: 8469: 8375: 8332: 8312: 8254: 8209: 8154: 8107: 8033: 8019: 7856: 7850: 7760: 7486: 7374: 7318: 7290: 7003: 6977: 6777: 6669: 6601: 5811: 5328: 5103: 4721: 4594: 4521: 4459: 4440: 4432: 4387: 4237: 4217: 4209: 4131: 4123: 3985: 3833: 3825: 3731: 3525:

in Philadelphia, now called the Declaration House and within walking distance of

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Smith, Daniel Scott (1972). "The Demographic History of Colonial New England".

5197:

The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America

4746: 4309: 4287: 4279: 4147: 3879: 3781: 3735: 3463:

as commander of Patriot militias. Those from New England that had launched the

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between Britain and Spain. Hundreds of North Americans volunteered for Admiral

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Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia

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History of religion in the United States § Before the American Revolution

2586:

was established in 1585, re-established in 1587, and found abandoned in 1590.

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Ratcliffe, Donald. "The right to vote and the rise of democracy, 1787–1828."

6872: 6857:. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing Legacy Reprint. pp. 204–211. 6765:

Donald Ratcliffe, "The right to vote and the rise of democracy, 1787—1828."

6545: 6334:

Under the cope of heaven: Religion, society, and politics in colonial America

5123: 4986: 4943: 4425: 3727: 3514: 3106: 2946: 2911: 2755: 2738: 2674: 2669: 2429: 2325: 2294:, drawn by the English colonial governor, explorer, artist, and cartographer 2233:

in 1620 which was settled by English Puritan separatists, known today as the

2218: 1980: 1952: 448: 7322: 7314: 6818: 6211:"U.S. Federal Census: United States Federal Census : US Federal Census" 5897:

Political Representation in England and the Origins of the American Republic

5831: 5420:

The Glorious Revolution in America: Documents on the Colonial Crisis of 1689

5348: 4855:. SUNY Series: Fernand Braudel Center Studies in Historical Social Science. 4046:

The legal status of chattel slavery has been explained by William M. Wiecek:

3401:

In response, the colonies formed bodies of elected representatives known as

3302:

was recycled to encourage the former colonies to unite against British rule.

2440:

Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven Colonies formed the

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Three victories and a defeat: the rise and fall of the first British Empire

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The Library of American Biography: George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore

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closed the legislatures and consolidated the New England colonies into the

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The right to vote: the contested history of democracy in the United States

6525: 5333:(Rev. ed.). Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. 4966: 4181:

of the 1740s. Many denominations sponsored missions to the local Indians.

2608: 2077:

English-speakers. The first of the colonies, Virginia, was established at

13609: 13140: 12477: 12379: 12119: 11982: 11738: 11148: 11103: 11007: 10927: 10814: 10214: 10209: 9492: 9283: 9243: 8954: 8663: 8548: 8542: 7738:

Seeds of Discontent: The Deep Roots of the American Revolution, 1650–1750

7420: 7294: 4537: 4158:. Jews were clustered in a few port cities. The Baltimore family founded 4127: 3752:

Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775

3421: 3339: 3203: 3188: 2809: 2805: 2498: 2492: 2261: 102:

The Thirteen Colonies (shown in red) in 1775 with modern borders overlaid

6922: 6651: 6410: 5895: 5465: 4951: 4919: 4195: 3726:

By 1776, about 85% of the white population's ancestry originated in the

2865:

by creating a new, ideologically pure church in the New World. By 1640,

12472: 12278: 12104: 12099: 12017: 11308: 11073: 10987: 10855: 9867: 9826: 9606: 8787: 8743: 8176: 7130: 6370:

Joan Rezner, Gundersen, "The Myth of the Independent Virginia Vestry."

6125: 5880: 5734:

The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War

5012: 4860: 4653: 4245: 4174: 4135: 3533: 3498: 3207: 3130: 3013: 2762: 2571: 2126:

Conflicts with the British government over taxes and rights led to the

827: 673: 159: 6451:

Jonathan Dickinson and the Formative Years of American Presbyterianism

5226: 4633:

view places North American events in a broader context, including the

3085: 2702:

Beginning in 1609, Dutch traders established fur trading posts on the

2562:, established as a proprietary colony in 1732; royal colony from 1752. 13961: 13954: 11185: 9944: 9790: 8651: 7802:

Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492–1830

4139: 4115: 3240: 3161: 2892: 2838: 2730: 2107:, and they resisted London's demands for more control over them. The 2063: 8265: 7122: 6385:

The Imperial Origins of the King's Church in Early America 1607–1783

6320: 5961:

American Insurgents, American Patriots: The Revolution of the People

5872: 5330:

The Puritan Experiment: New England Society from Bradford to Edwards

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Cogliano, Francis D. (2010). "Revisiting the American Revolution".

6789:

Tully, Alan (2003). "Colonial Politics". In Vickers, Daniel (ed.).

6399:

Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia

4511: 4170: 4159: 4092: 2832: 2815:

Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 as a proprietary colony of Quaker

2751: 2746: 2334:, established in 1620; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 2278: 7367:

Crossroads of Empire: The Middle Colonies in British North America

7296:

Cool thoughts on the consequences of American independence, &c

5797:

The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America

5504:"Avalon Project – Colonial Charters, Grants and Related Documents" 4878: 4622:, in opposition to the aristocratic viewpoint of British leaders. 4408:

Economic history of the United States § Political environment

4398:

which they were determined to protect from imperial interference.

3539:

With the help chiefly of France, they defeated the British in the

2693: 9821: 7825:

British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

5417:

Michael G. Hall; Lawrence H. Leder; Michael Kammen, eds. (2012).

4545: 4502: 4492: 4286:. The administration of all British colonies was overseen by the 4166: 3318: 3138: 2673:

capital and financed a settlement mission to the area led by Sir

7188:

Empire and Nation: The American Revolution in the Atlantic World

5810:

Rorabaugh, W. J.; Critchlow, Donald T.; Baker, Paula C. (2004).

5105:

Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607–2007

4270:

The three forms of colonial government in 1776 were provincial (

2434:

These four settlements merged into a single Royal colony in 1663

8634:

Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States

5813:

America's promise : a concise history of the United States

4724:, the name used by the Second Continental Congress in 1775–1776 4072: 3472: 3440:

By spring 1775, all royal officials had been expelled, and the

3061: 3002: 2887:

established Providence Plantations in 1636 on land provided by

2734: 2260:

was created for America, but it was disbanded in 1782 when the

2067: 1990:

The Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: the

11598: 5836:

W. J. Rorabaugh, Donald T. Critchlow, Paula C. Baker (2004). "

7012: 6927:. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America. p. 14. 6581: 4256:

although some young men went to medical schools in Scotland.

2384:, established in 1638; merged with Connecticut Colony in 1664 2378:, established in 1635; merged with Connecticut Colony in 1644 7864:

Greene, Evarts Boutell; Harrington, Virginia Draper (1993).

5764: 5660: 4717:

Social history of soldiers and veterans in the United States

4613:

based on commercial and territorial expansion in South Asia.

9237: 7201: 6397:

Rita, M. (March 1940). "Catholicism in Colonial Maryland".

5314:

Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War Paperback

5108:. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press. 4308:

Charter governments were political corporations created by

4068: 3714:

List of colonial and pre-Federal U.S. historical population

2895:. Williams was a Puritan who preached religious tolerance, 2776:

Beginning in the 1650s, the English and Dutch engaged in a

2714:, seeking to protect their interests in the fur trade. The 2664:. It was a private venture, financed by a group of English 2634:. The business venture was financed and coordinated by the 2444:

in 1643, and all New England colonies were included in the

6832: 5816:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 92. 5740: 5708: 5696: 5684: 5574: 5562: 5514: 5484: 5472: 3417:, the remaining colony of Georgia sent delegates as well. 3317:

Colonial discontentment grew with the passage of the 1773

2677:. The expedition located fertile and defensible ground at 2354:, established in 1628; merged with Plymouth Colony in 1691 2229:

sponsored several colonization projects, culminating with

14524:

Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas

9970:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

7544:

Journal of the Convention of the people of South Carolina

5967: 5940: 5928: 5916: 5904: 5839:

America's promise: a concise history of the United States

4993: 6705:

The Statutes at Large of South Carolina: Acts, 1685–1716

5101: 2962:

In 1702, East and West Jersey were combined to form the

2092:. The population included people subject to a system of 19:"American colonies" redirects here. For other uses, see 8211:

The American Colonies and the British Empire, 1607–1783

6983: 6154: 5979: 5809: 5752: 5612: 4805: 4803: 4667:

American Revolutionary War § Prelude to revolution

9581: 8178:

Foundations of Colonial America: A Documentary History

7607:

American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750–1804

7447:

The Glorious Cause: the American Revolution, 1763–1789

5672: 5648: 5636: 5624: 5221:

Henry L. "Schoolcraft, The Capture of New Amsterdam."

5150:. Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown. pp. 4971:(4th ed.). Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell. 4412:

The British Empire at the time was operated under the

3475:. The patriot militias later were formalized into the 14437: 7867:

American Population before the Federal Census of 1790

6636:"The Imperial School of American Colonial Historians" 6499:

Kidd, Thomas S.; Hankins, Barry (2015). "Chapter 1".

6157:

The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People

4079:

was officially established in most of the South. The

3097:

In 1738, an incident involving a Welsh mariner named

2857:

More Puritans immigrated in 1629 and established the

2348:

in 1639; absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony by 1658

8942: 8431:

Other British colonial entities in the contemporary

6289:

Miller, John David; Smith, Randall M., eds. (1988).

5550: 5538: 5526: 4800: 4230:

College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania)

3172:

officers trained Americans for battle, most notably

2780:, and the English sought to conquer New Netherland. 2130:, in which the colonies worked together to form the 14534:

Former regions and territories of the United States

8214:. Vol. 2, 1676–1714. Abingdon, Oxon, England: 7399:

The Shaping of America: Atlantic America, 1492–1800

6265:

Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895

5410: 2945:, putting the region under the control of Governor 2812:were created from lands formerly part of New York. 2796:but surrendered claim to the territory in the 1674 11701:Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands (1986) 7233:Pearson, Ellen Holmes (2005). Gould; Onuf (eds.). 6854:Seeds of Liberty: The Genesis of the American Mind 6703:Cooper, Thomas; McCord, David James, eds. (1837). 6530:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 6148: 6072: 5284: 5083: 4075:, many colonists had no religious connection. The 3554: 2252:, and a committee of the Privy Council called the 7852:The British Empire Before the American Revolution 7005:The British Empire Before the American Revolution 6559:Urban, Wayne J.; Wagoner, Jennings L. Jr (2008). 4849:"1780–1880: A Century of Imperial Transformation" 4326:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 4156:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 2921:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 2800:, ending the Dutch colonial presence in America. 2390:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 14485: 13173:Native American recognition in the United States 9326:and other inhabited territories governed by the 8109:The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century 7961: 7863: 7376:Historical Dictionary of the American Revolution 7337:Greene, Jack P. & Pole, J. R., eds. (2003). 5596:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983) pp 18–42. 4964: 8615:Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island 8122:The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century 7774:Cooke, Jacob Ernest; et al., eds. (1993). 7425:The American Continental Colonies in the Empire 6268:. Oxford University Press, US. pp. 2:156. 4468:Some of the British colonies in North America, 3730:(English, Scots-Irish, Scottish, Welsh), 9% of 3028: 11418:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War 9568: 8208:Sarson, Steven; Greene, Jack P., eds. (2016). 8170: 8145: 7498:Before the Revolution: America's ancient pasts 7186:Gould, Eliga H.; Onuf, Peter S., eds. (2005). 6924:The development of European society, 1770–1870 6181:"Scots to Colonial North Carolina Before 1775" 6159:(8th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 99. 5362: 4328:, which also became a charter colony in 1636. 4290:in London beginning late in the 17th century. 3482: 13570:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 11754: 11584: 9554: 8928: 8281: 7085:The British Empire: A Very Short Introduction 7033:"Lawrence Henry Gipson's Empire: The Critics" 6949: 6674:. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 45. 6476:Quakers and Politics: Pennsylvania, 1681–1726 6228: 4774:Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union 4118:set up their own Reformed congregations. The 3369: 2861:with 400 settlers. They sought to reform the 2509:, established in 1681 as a proprietary colony 1920: 14539:Former territorial entities in North America 14504:1776 disestablishments in the British Empire 8207: 7467:The Stamp act crisis; prologue to revolution 6702: 6587: 6558: 6426:Becoming America, The Revolution before 1776 5050:The critical review, or annals of literature 4682:Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies 4266:Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies 3739:birth rates and relatively low death rates. 3560:Population of the thirteen British colonies 3493:The Second Continental Congress charged the 10531:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River 8116: 8102: 7776:Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies 7441: 7415: 7018: 6498: 6288: 5985: 5900:. London; Melbourne: Macmillan. p. 31. 5727: 5725: 5723: 5666: 5376:. Portland General Electric. Archived from 3133:, and the war came to an end with the 1748 2544:, established 1632 as a proprietary colony. 11768: 11761: 11747: 11600:Territorial expansion of the United States 11591: 11577: 11408:African Americans in the Revolutionary War 9662:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 9561: 9547: 8935: 8921: 8288: 8274: 7962:Middleton, Richard; Lombard, Anne (2011). 7336: 6989: 6838: 6769:33.2 (2013): 219–254, quoting pp 219–220; 6037: 4965:Middleton, Richard; Lombard, Anne (2011). 4840: 2761:In 1638, Sweden established the colony of 2105:self-governance and active local elections 1927: 1913: 96: 16:British colonies forming the United States 14499:1732 establishments in the British Empire 13183:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 7185: 6885: 6663: 6661: 6261: 5311: 5095: 4453: 3489:United States Declaration of Independence 3321:, which reduced taxes on tea sold by the 7758: 7547:. published by order of the Convention. 7158: 6955: 6428:. Harvard University Press. p. 35. 5794: 5731: 5720: 4891: 4707:History of the United States (1776–1789) 4463: 4368:According to historian Donald Radcliffe: 4194: 4134:. Germans also brought diverse forms of 3389: 3288: 3084: 3074: 2692: 2607: 2328:, established in 1607; abandoned in 1608 2277: 2161: 13234:List of counties and county equivalents 11696:Treaty of the Danish West Indies (1917) 8028: 7984: 7796: 7712:The Colonial Period of American History 7706: 7491: 7273:Rise of the Legal Profession in America 7267: 7232: 7108: 7078: 6850: 6717: 6633: 6616: 6523: 6448: 6070: 5746: 5714: 5702: 5690: 5678: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5580: 5568: 5520: 5490: 5478: 5401: 5282: 5252: 5035: 4999: 4846: 3214:, from which it formed the colonies of 3125:. In 1745, British and colonial forces 3052:, but these uprisings were suppressed. 2842:. Upon their arrival, they drew up the 2737:Indians and established the outpost of 2267: 460:This article is part of a series on the 14486: 11413:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War 9372:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 8077: 8058: 7884: 7845: 7822: 7600: 7578: 7393: 7339:A Companion to the American Revolution 7202:David Kennedy; Lizabeth Cohen (2015). 7001: 6920: 6905: 6795:. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. 300. 6667: 6658: 6423: 6345: 6249:Slavery in Colonial America, 1619–1776 5973: 5946: 5934: 5922: 5910: 5858: 5770: 5758: 5618: 5556: 5544: 5532: 5443: 5368: 5326: 5267: 5237: 5143: 5137: 5089: 3997:Slaves imported into Colonial America 3743:was a minor factor from 1774 to 1830. 3278: 2621: 2398:Providence Plantations established by 14509:Colonial settlements in North America 11742: 11572: 11325: 11250: 11178: 10749: 10085: 9919:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania 9580: 9542: 8916: 8841:Discourse Concerning Western Planting 8295: 8269: 7935: 7909: 7773: 7678: 7650: 7625:——; Ray, Michael (2015). 7470:. University of North Carolina Press. 7063: 7030: 6971:Recorded usage of the term, 1700-1800 6788: 6599: 6103: 6079:. Columbia University Press. p. 6060:from the original on October 9, 2022. 6019: 6007: 5958: 5423:. UNC Press Books. pp. 3–4, 39. 5021:. Vol. 19. London. p. 376. 5011: 4712:Shipbuilding in the American colonies 4687:Colonial history of the United States 3981:Slavery in the colonial United States 3894: 2596:Colonial history of the United States 14519:English colonization of the Americas 11528:Daughters of the American Revolution 11326: 9878:Declaration of Rights and Grievances 9523: 8670:Captaincy General of the Philippines 7732: 7685:Revolutionary New England, 1691–1776 6744:from the original on October 9, 2022 6606:. Vol. IV. The Middle Colonies. 6473: 6396: 6293:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 678. 6246: 5893: 5842:". Rowman & Littlefield. p. 92. 5210:New Sweden on the Delaware 1638–1655 5167: 5045:. Vol. 48. London. p. 21. 5018:The Political State of Great Britain 4917: 4672:British colonization of the Americas 4572:Historiography of the British Empire 4359: 2688: 2600:British colonization of the Americas 2513: 11681:Treaty of Cession of Tutuila (1900) 11523:Children of the American Revolution 11403:Timeline of the American Revolution 8035:Colonial Self-Government, 1652–1689 7964:Colonial America: A History to 1763 7870:. Genealogical Publishing Company. 7624: 7541:South Carolina. Convention (1862). 7515: 6727:. York: Basic Books. pp. 5–8. 6291:Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery 6234: 6025: 4968:Colonial America: A History to 1763 4443:argued that the writs violated the 3543:. The decisive victory came at the 2906:established a second settlement on 2630:, established on May 14, 1607 near 2157: 2058:, which also included territory in 13: 11686:Treaty of Cession of Manuʻa (1904) 10184:European allies of King George III 10040:British credit crisis of 1772–1773 9975:Committee of Secret Correspondence 9637:No taxation without representation 8960:Organized incorporated territories 8139: 8081:Origins of the American Revolution 8024:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 7644: 6958:Unreasonable Searches and Seizures 5458:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1968.tb00328.x 5170:Colonial South Carolina: A History 5063: 4677:Colonial American military history 4401: 4337:tied to the government in London. 4191:Education in the Thirteen Colonies 4126:in New York and New Jersey, while 3308:no taxation without representation 3267:restricted settlement west of the 3233: 3089:Territorial changes following the 2902:In 1637, a second group including 2651:Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore 2617:Royal (R), and St. Augustine (SA). 2451: 2146:and, to a much lesser degree, the 2121:no taxation without representation 870: Modern Era 21:American colonies (disambiguation) 14: 14550: 12579:Director of National Intelligence 11550:Museum of the American Revolution 8873:Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 8354:(1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776) 8262:; useful for advanced scholarship 8241: 7299:. printed for J. Wilkie. London. 7289: 7208:. Cengage Learning. p. 156. 7143: 5404:Colonial Massachusetts: a history 5369:Taylor, Barbara (December 1998). 4749:for participation in government. 4692:Colonial South and the Chesapeake 4565: 4524:surrounding the 13 colonies. The 4222:College of New Jersey (Princeton) 3951: 3310:" with intense protests over the 3243:of 1764. Later acts included the 3021:to promote the settlement of the 2306:, was established in this region. 14529:Former colonies in North America 14514:Colonial United States (British) 14471: 14459: 14447: 12735:Government Accountability Office 11709: 11438:Continental Currency dollar coin 11423:Women in the American Revolution 9522: 9513: 9512: 9324:United Nations trust territories 8944:Territories of the United States 8897: 8896: 8676:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico 8260:840+ volumes of colonial records 7261: 7226: 7194: 7179: 7173:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00705.x 7152: 7137: 7102: 7072: 7057: 7024: 6995: 6964: 6914: 6899: 6879: 6844: 6782: 6759: 6711: 6453:. University Press of Kentucky. 5402:Labaree, Benjamin Woods (1979). 5287:Philadelphia: A 300 Year History 5270:Colonial Pennsylvania: a history 4702:Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies 4177:were growing rapidly during the 3431:Battles of Lexington and Concord 3257:Colonial newspapers and printers 2917:Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick 2227:Plymouth Council for New England 2144:the aid of the Kingdom of France 2119:", especially the principle of " 2113:colonial printers and newspapers 2103:The 13 colonies had a degree of 1975:. In 1776, Congress adopted the 1895: 1886: 1885: 1847: 1846: 477: 428: 403: 389: 83: 52: 45: 11533:Sons of the American Revolution 9378:American Concession in Shanghai 8014: 8008: 7987:A Companion to Colonial America 7885:Greene, Evarts Boutell (1905). 7540: 7283: 7111:The Journal of American History 6886:Trevelyan, George Otto (1899). 6792:A Companion to Colonial America 6696: 6627: 6617:Kellogg, Louise Phelps (1904). 6610: 6593: 6552: 6517: 6492: 6467: 6442: 6417: 6390: 6377: 6364: 6339: 6326: 6307: 6282: 6255: 6240: 6203: 6173: 6106:The Journal of Economic History 6097: 6075:The Economy of Colonial America 6064: 6031: 5991: 5952: 5887: 5852: 5803: 5788: 5776: 5599: 5586: 5496: 5437: 5395: 5320: 5305: 5283:Weigley, Russell Frank (1982). 5276: 5261: 5246: 5231: 5215: 5202: 5189: 5176: 5161: 5057: 5028: 4809: 4779: 4765: 4752: 4697:Credit in the Thirteen Colonies 4331: 4316:merged with the settlements at 4234:College of Rhode Island (Brown) 3563: 3555:Population of Thirteen Colonies 3121:, but most colonists called it 2957: 2589: 2054:). These colonies were part of 14378:Separation of church and state 12594:National Reconnaissance Office 12537:President of the United States 11433:Continental currency banknotes 10521:Staten Island Peace Conference 9384:American concession of Tianjin 7941:Everyday Life in Early America 7463: 6501:Baptists in America: A History 6478:. Princeton University Press. 6372:Anglican and Episcopal History 6038:Sutherland, Stella H. (1975). 5782: 5255:Colonial New Jersey: A History 5005: 4958: 4911: 4885: 4815: 4735: 3119:War of the Austrian Succession 3009:of the entire British Empire. 2985:In the 1730s, Parliamentarian 2897:separation of Church and State 2822: 2681:, originally Charles Town for 2582:Earlier, along the coast, the 2254:Board of Trade and Plantations 2225:, but it was short-lived. The 1: 11691:Annexation of Oklahoma (1906) 11251: 10227:German supporters of Congress 9925:Massachusetts Circular Letter 8515: 7985:Vickers, Daniel, ed. (2003). 7888:Provincial America, 1690–1740 7823:Foster, Stephen, ed. (2014). 7762:A history of colonial America 7516:Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). 7476:Journal of the Early Republic 7464:Morgan, Edmund Sears (1953). 7372: 7332:– via Internet Archive. 6894:smuggling american revolution 6767:Journal of the Early Republic 6620:The American colonial charter 6561:American Education: A History 6013: 5998:"Visit the Declaration House" 5312:Philbrick, Nathaniel (2007). 5291:. W.W. Norton & Company. 5223:The English Historical Review 4469: 4259: 4214:College of William & Mary 3386:Patriot (American Revolution) 2626:The first British colony was 2312:Province of Massachusetts Bay 2205:granted charters to both the 1967:as commander-in-chief of the 12740:Government Publishing Office 12208:Technological and industrial 11676:Tripartite Convention (1899) 9908:Committees of correspondence 8975:U.S. territorial sovereignty 8621:Province of British Columbia 7501:. Harvard University Press. 7379:. Rowman & Littlefield. 6892:. Vol. 1. p. 128. 5240:Colonial New York: A History 5199:(2nd ed. Cornell U.P. 2009). 4851:. In Tomich, Dale W. (ed.). 4793: 4184: 3479:under Washington's command. 3362:opposed to British rule and 3271:, as this was designated an 3029:Global trade and immigration 2645:granted the charter for the 2604:Timeline of Colonial America 1345:Hispanic and Latino American 7: 14212:Women's reproductive health 13178:Federally recognized tribes 13041:Public utilities commission 12945:Public Health Service Corps 12848:Code of Federal Regulations 12730:Congressional Budget Office 12584:Central Intelligence Agency 12490:Water supply and sanitation 11917:Declaration of Independence 11666:Annexation of Hawaii (1898) 11545:Charters of Freedom Rotunda 10750: 10576:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 10561:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781 10335:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga 9990:Declaration of Independence 9955:Second Continental Congress 8124:. Literary Licensing, LLC. 7657:The Founding of New England 6906:Nester, William R. (2000). 6718:Keyssar, Alexander (2000). 6640:Indiana Magazine of History 6603:English Colonies in America 6600:Doyle, John Andrew (1907). 6503:. Oxford University Press. 5861:Journal of Southern History 5795:Calloway, Colin G. (2006). 5327:Bremer, Francis J. (1995). 5238:Kammen, Michael G. (1974). 4924:Journal of Church and State 4660: 4284:Parliament of Great Britain 4055: 3519:Declaration of Independence 3483:Declaration of Independence 3457:Second Continental Congress 3415:Second Continental Congress 3050:New York Conspiracy of 1741 2340:, patent issued in 1622 by 1977:Declaration of Independence 1957:Second Continental Congress 66:Flag of the United Colonies 10: 14555: 13390:Red states and blue states 13295:City commission government 13290:Council–manager government 11428:Financial costs of the war 9935:First Continental Congress 9786:Royal Proclamation of 1763 9731:Second Rockingham ministry 9570:American Revolutionary War 9225:Unincorporated territories 8800:Brandenburger Saint Thomas 8609:Colony of British Columbia 8253:November 12, 2020, at the 8059:Dinkin, Robert J. (1977). 7088:. OUP Oxford. p. 72. 7031:Shade, William G. (1969). 6801:10.1002/9780470998496.ch12 6668:Dinkin, Robert J. (1977). 6588:Urban & Wagoner (2008) 6524:Stevens, Laura M. (2004). 6449:Le Beau, Bryan F. (1997). 6071:Perkins, Edwin J. (1988). 5268:Illick, Joseph E. (1976). 4847:Fradera, Josep M. (2020). 4569: 4457: 4439:). In 1761, Boston lawyer 4405: 4263: 4188: 4059: 3978: 3974: 3711: 3541:American Revolutionary War 3486: 3407:First Continental Congress 3379: 3376:American Revolutionary War 3373: 3370:American Revolutionary War 3347:First Continental Congress 3282: 3265:Royal Proclamation of 1763 3078: 3032: 2980:Province of South Carolina 2976:Province of North-Carolina 2910:, today called Aquidneck. 2593: 2554:Province of South Carolina 2548:Province of North Carolina 2523: 2517: 2470:), established in 1664 as 2468:Lower Counties on Delaware 2455: 2271: 2140:American Revolutionary War 1973:American Revolutionary War 397:Pre-colonial North America 227:Rhode Island Royal Charter 18: 14399: 14225: 14098: 14030: 13683: 13679: 13670: 13618: 13483: 13474: 13370: 13341: 13318: 13257: 13224: 13215: 13158: 13146:Comparison of governments 13121: 13084: 13061: 12977: 12957: 12888: 12826: 12748: 12671: 12529: 12520: 12516: 12507: 12229: 12220: 12165: 12125:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 11966:drafting and ratification 11939:Articles of Confederation 11852: 11786: 11777: 11718: 11707: 11621:Louisiana Purchase (1803) 11606: 11395: 11364: 11340: 11336: 11321: 11282:Constitutional Convention 11262:Society of the Cincinnati 11257: 11246: 11171: 11066: 10910: 10903: 10848: 10767: 10760: 10756: 10745: 10702: 10624: 10610: 10584: 10551:Carlisle Peace Commission 10513: 10385:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga 10314: 10239: 10192: 10159: 10122: 10115: 10111: 10081: 10050:Hutchinson letters affair 10017: 10000:Articles of Confederation 9860: 9847:Proclamation of Rebellion 9759: 9711:First Rockingham ministry 9688: 9655:All men are created equal 9594: 9590: 9576: 9508: 9410: 9393: 9336: 9319: 9233: 9220: 8983: 8950: 8892: 8836: 8827: 8770:, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803 8688:Captaincy General of Cuba 8641: 8630: 8512:New England Confederation 8441: 8427: 8341: 8303: 8086:Stanford University Press 8016:U.S. Bureau of the Census 7759:Chitwood, Oliver (1961). 7631:. Encyclopedia Britannica 7401:. Yale University Press. 7002:Gipson, Lawrence (1936). 6976:December 6, 2022, at the 6118:10.1017/S0022050700075458 5253:Pomfret, John E. (1973). 5070:The Canadian Encyclopedia 4238:Queen's College (Rutgers) 4226:King's College (Columbia) 3942: 3751: 3450:Articles of Confederation 3135:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 2442:New England Confederation 2360:Province of New Hampshire 2258:specific state department 2166:The Thirteen Colonies of 444: 368: 364: 354: 344: 340: 335: 331: 318: 305: 292: 279: 266: 253: 236: 223: 210: 197: 184: 180: 172: 168: 153: 138: 134: 126: 115: 107: 95: 73: 42: 37: 30: 14165:Prescription drug prices 13285:Mayor–council government 13275:Coterminous municipality 13265:Consolidated city-county 13031:Agriculture commissioner 12681:House of Representatives 12589:National Security Agency 12239:Contiguous United States 11656:Guano Islands Act (1856) 11631:Adams–Onís Treaty (1819) 11626:Red River Cession (1818) 11611:Thirteen Colonies (1776) 10546:Entry of France into war 10161:Kingdom of Great Britain 9310:Northern Mariana Islands 8682:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 8494:Massachusetts Bay Colony 8183:Chelsea House Publishers 8078:Miller, John C. (1943). 7610:. W.W. Norton & Co. 7551:: R. W. Gibbes. p. 7549:Columbia, South Carolina 6990:Greene & Pole (2003) 6921:Gillis, John R. (1983). 6839:Greene & Pole (2003) 6346:Foster, Stephen (1991). 6336:(Oxford UP, 2003) p. xx. 6262:Finkelman, Paul (2006). 5607:Colonial British America 5594:Colonial British America 5168:Weir, Robert M. (1983). 4728: 3425:march on the arsenal at 3183:, Pennsylvania colonist 2859:Massachusetts Bay Colony 2729:purchased the island of 2716:Dutch West India Company 2507:Province of Pennsylvania 2395:as royal colony in 1663 2372:as royal colony in 1662 2352:Massachusetts Bay Colony 1981:United States of America 848: 826: 804: 793: 771: 760: 738: 727: 716: 705: 683: 672: 661: 639: 617: 606: 584: 573: 551: 540: 14250:Criticism of government 13595:Social welfare programs 13188:State-recognized tribes 12173:Outline of U.S. history 11885:Continental Association 11651:Gadsden Purchase (1853) 11636:Texas Annexation (1845) 11277:Ratification Day (1784) 10602:Second Anglo-Mysore War 10286:Northern after Saratoga 10266:New York and New Jersey 9940:Continental Association 9837:Conciliatory Resolution 9696:Pitt–Newcastle ministry 9669:Consent of the governed 8812:Scottish Darien Company 8756:Hospitaller Saint Croix 8555:Dominion of New England 8537:North-Western Territory 7915:The Colonial Experience 7829:Oxford University Press 7373:Mays, Terry M. (2016). 7341:(2nd ed.). Wiley. 7064:Simms, Brendan (2008). 7041:: 49–69. Archived from 6889:The American Revolution 6028:, "American Revolution" 5732:Anderson, Fred (2006). 5225:22#88 (1907): 674–693. 4918:Wood, James E. (1987). 4741:In no colony was there 4620:republican value-system 4508:British Leeward Islands 4102:was the foundation for 4089:Unitarian denominations 3420:Massachusetts Governor 3356:Continental Association 2943:Dominion of New England 2636:London Virginia Company 2533: 2481:Dominion of New England 2461: 2446:Dominion of New England 2428:established in 1642 by 2408:established in 1638 by 2368:, established in 1636; 2342:Council for New England 1366:Middle Eastern American 1188:Technology and industry 296:Articles of Association 61:Flag of British America 14312:Environmental movement 14155:Health insurance costs 14050:Educational attainment 13575:Federal Reserve System 13533:Science and technology 13036:Insurance commissioner 12574:Intelligence Community 12269:minor outlying islands 12032:Civil rights movement 11671:Treaty of Paris (1898) 11661:Alaska Purchase (1867) 11646:Mexican Cession (1848) 11616:Treaty of Paris (1783) 11538:Sons of the Revolution 11267:Treaty of Paris (1783) 10597:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 10592:Cherokee–American wars 10205:Franco-American Treaty 10060:Philadelphia Tea Party 10030:Treaty of Paris (1763) 10009:Confederation Congress 9602:American Enlightenment 8865:Of Plymouth Plantation 8587:(1779–1783; 1814–1815) 8496:(1629–1686; 1689–1691) 8472:(1620–1686; 1689–1691) 8384:(1664–1673; 1702–1776) 8216:Pickering & Chatto 8147:Commager, Henry Steele 7690:Atlantic Monthly Press 7662:Atlantic Monthly Press 7478:33.2 (2013): 219–254. 7395:Meinig, Donald William 7269:Chroust, Anton-Hermann 6910:. Praeger. p. 54. 6851:Savelle, Max (2005) . 6474:Nash, Gary B. (1968). 5773:, pp. 94–96, 107. 5144:Sparks, Jared (1846). 4615: 4517: 4454:Other British colonies 4375: 4350:Charles McLean Andrews 4314:Providence Plantations 4200: 4152:Providence Plantations 4114:denominations. French 4053: 3549:Treaty of Paris (1783) 3427:Concord, Massachusetts 3398: 3303: 3227:British Prime Minister 3196:Treaty of Paris (1763) 3157:William Pitt the Elder 3094: 3007:gross domestic product 2964:Province of New Jersey 2831:were a small group of 2790:Second Anglo-Dutch War 2699: 2618: 2487:Province of New Jersey 2307: 2302:, the first permanent 2198: 1478:Admission to the Union 14138:Immigrant health care 13653:Transportation safety 13648:Transportation policy 13638:Public transportation 12708:President pro tempore 12564:Executive departments 12333:National Park Service 11988:Territorial evolution 11483:Washington's Birthday 11288:The Federalist Papers 11272:Evacuation Day (1783) 10325:Lexington and Concord 10025:French and Indian War 9965:Olive Branch Petition 8965:Territorial evolution 8646:Columbian Viceroyalty 7893:Harper & brothers 7806:Yale University Press 7716:Yale University Press 7485:June 2, 2023, at the 6776:June 2, 2023, at the 6634:Savelle, Max (1949). 6002:National Park Service 5182:Firth Haring Fabend, 5064:Foulds, Nancy Brown. 4898:www.gilderlehrman.org 4611:second British Empire 4607: 4570:Further information: 4467: 4445:constitutional rights 4370: 4210:New College (Harvard) 4198: 4179:First Great Awakening 4120:Dutch Reformed Church 4048: 3712:Further information: 3517:, with authoring the 3403:Provincial Congresses 3393: 3380:Further information: 3292: 3283:Further information: 3269:Appalachian Mountains 3146:French and Indian War 3091:French and Indian War 3088: 3081:French and Indian War 3079:Further information: 3075:French and Indian War 3069:First Great Awakening 2999:British North America 2798:Treaty of Westminster 2794:Third Anglo-Dutch War 2696: 2683:Charles II of England 2611: 2344:; patent reissued by 2281: 2264:took responsibility. 2165: 2109:French and Indian War 1469:Territorial evolution 762:Post-World War II Era 309:Independence declared 283:French and Indian War 121:colonial arrangements 14307:Environmental issues 13972:Political ideologies 13871:Indigenous languages 13071:List of legislatures 12868:separation of powers 12569:Independent agencies 12495:World Heritage Sites 12130:September 11 attacks 12053:Spanish–American War 11993:Mexican–American War 11949:Confederation period 11880:Continental Congress 11641:Oregon Treaty (1846) 11488:Jefferson's Birthday 11478:Pulaski Memorial Day 10485:Guilford Court House 10136:Continental Congress 9913:Committees of safety 9888:Daughters of Liberty 9883:Virginia Association 9632:Rights of Englishmen 8782:Dutch Virgin Islands 8730:Spanish West Florida 8724:Spanish East Florida 8603:Stickeen Territories 8308:New England Colonies 8171:Kavenagh, W. Keith; 7680:Adams, James Truslow 7652:Adams, James Truslow 7355:Keyssar, Alexander. 7038:Pennsylvania History 6565:Taylor & Francis 6424:Butler, Jon (2000). 6332:Patricia U. Bonomi, 6315:34#2 pp. 258–280 , 6247:Wood, Betty (2013). 6191:on February 19, 2012 6049:. Washington, D.C.: 5959:Breen, T.H. (2010). 5894:Pole, J. R. (1966). 4936:10.1093/jcs/29.2.199 4762:as British colonies. 4578:first British Empire 4542:Prince Edward Island 4396:Rights of Englishmen 4130:was prevalent among 4112:Continental Reformed 3991:Atlantic slave trade 3511:Robert R. Livingston 3442:Continental Congress 3349:, which convened in 3245:Currency Act of 1764 2743:Atlantic slave trade 2658:Province of Carolina 2647:Province of Maryland 2568:Province of Carolina 2542:Province of Maryland 2477:Province of New York 2274:New England Colonies 2268:New England colonies 2184: (Red-Brown): 2177:New England Colonies 2132:Continental Congress 2117:Rights as Englishmen 2066:, and what is today 1992:New England Colonies 1392:Palestinian American 608:Era of Good Feelings 553:Confederation period 490:Timeline and periods 14150:Health care finance 13643:Rail transportation 13409:Imperial presidency 13131:State constitutions 13076:List of legislators 13026:Auditor/Comptroller 12999:Lieutenant governor 12725:Library of Congress 12616:Diplomatic Security 12259:Indian reservations 11922:American Revolution 10616:colony or location) 10571:Newburgh Conspiracy 10430:Sullivan Expedition 9950:Provincial Congress 9741:Fox–North coalition 9680:Settler colonialism 9627:Freedom of religion 9584:American Revolution 9402:uninhabited islands 9304:U.S. Virgin Islands 8718:Provincias Internas 8694:Spanish Saint Croix 8318:Chesapeake Colonies 8063:. Greenwood Press. 8030:Andrews, Charles M. 7708:Andrews, Charles M. 7628:American Revolution 7443:Middlekauff, Robert 7417:Middlekauff, Robert 6623:. Govt. print. off. 6350:. UNC Press Books. 5976:, pp. 132–133. 5949:, pp. 137–138. 5937:, pp. 123–127. 5925:, pp. 137–121. 5749:, pp. 390–391. 5717:, pp. 383–385. 5705:, pp. 380–381. 5693:, pp. 379–380. 5609:(1983) pp. 157–194. 5508:avalon.law.yale.edu 5002:, pp. 152–153. 4526:British West Indies 4437:Writs of Assistance 4303:English Restoration 4218:Yale College (Yale) 3998: 3561: 3285:American Revolution 3279:American Revolution 3115:Cartagena de Indias 3103:War of Jenkins' Ear 2951:Glorious Revolution 2939:James II of England 2771:Second Northern War 2612:The 1606 grants by 2560:Province of Georgia 2526:Chesapeake Colonies 2250:Southern Department 2243:American Revolution 2239:Province of Georgia 2175: (Dark Red): 2128:American Revolution 1327:Lithuanian American 1278:Vietnamese American 542:American Revolution 270:Province of Georgia 14260:affirmative action 14233:Capital punishment 14192:Poverty and health 14187:Physician shortage 14160:Health care prices 14090:Standard of living 13773:standard of living 13580:Financial position 13207:Hawaiian home land 13195:Indian reservation 13168:Tribal sovereignty 13011:Secretary of state 12880:United States Code 12796:Territorial courts 12768:Associate Justices 12653:Inspector generals 12140:War in Afghanistan 12003:Reconstruction era 11870:Stamp Act Congress 11518:Semiquincentennial 11443:Libertas Americana 9873:Stamp Act Congress 9763:Acts of Parliament 9736:Shelburne ministry 9706:Grenville ministry 8881:Quintipartite Deed 8794:Danish West Indies 8762:French Saint Croix 8173:Morris, Richard B. 8151:Morris, Richard B. 8118:Osgood, Herbert L. 8104:Osgood, Herbert L. 8040:Harper & Bros. 7780:C. Scribner's Sons 7237:. pp. 93–113. 7019:Middlekauff (1966) 7008:. Caxton Printers. 6567:. pp. 24–25. 6374:44.2 (1975): 133+. 6185:Dalhousielodge.org 6051:U.S. Census Bureau 5986:Middlekauff (2005) 5913:, p. 112–114. 5667:Middlekauff (2005) 5583:, p. 376–377. 5571:, p. 373–374. 5523:, p. 358–359. 5493:, p. 323–324. 5481:, p. 319–322. 4743:universal suffrage 4646:new social history 4639:Haitian Revolution 4591:Charles M. Andrews 4534:Province of Quebec 4518: 4354:Lawrence H. Gipson 4201: 4100:Reformed tradition 3996: 3965:Thirteen Colonies 3789:English and Welsh 3559: 3399: 3366:who supported it. 3326:harbor during the 3323:East India Company 3304: 3206:, and most of the 3095: 2867:20,000 had arrived 2700: 2619: 2536:Colony of Virginia 2472:proprietary colony 2466:(before 1776, the 2414:William Coddington 2366:Connecticut Colony 2308: 2304:English settlement 2282:A 1584 map of the 2215:Colony of Virginia 2203:James I of England 2199: 2138:. They fought the 1447:Transgender people 1010:Capital punishment 663:Reconstruction Era 14494:Thirteen Colonies 14435: 14434: 14395: 14394: 14391: 14390: 14361:National security 14070:Income inequality 13950:Statue of Liberty 13753:income inequality 13666: 13665: 13658:Trucking industry 13470: 13469: 13466: 13465: 13397:Foreign relations 13385:Electoral College 13366: 13365: 13154: 13153: 13106:District attorney 12953: 12952: 12780:Courts of appeals 12503: 12502: 12216: 12215: 12157:COVID-19 pandemic 12110:Feminist Movement 11956:American frontier 11875:Thirteen Colonies 11736: 11735: 11566: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11558: 11557: 11317: 11316: 11304:Shays's Rebellion 11242: 11241: 11238: 11237: 11234: 11233: 11167: 11166: 11134:Richard Henry Lee 10899: 10898: 10741: 10740: 10737: 10736: 10733: 10732: 10585:Related conflicts 10455:Connecticut Farms 10235: 10234: 10128:Thirteen Colonies 10077: 10076: 10073: 10072: 9536: 9535: 9400:claims and other 9398:Guano Islands Act 9298:Panama Canal Zone 8970:Thirteen Colonies 8910: 8909: 8885: 8877: 8869: 8861: 8853: 8849:Mayflower Compact 8845: 8830:Related Documents 8712:Spanish Louisiana 8591:Columbia District 8514:(1643–1654; 1675– 8400:Massachusetts Bay 8328:Southern Colonies 8297:Thirteen Colonies 8225:978-1-003-07410-6 8181:. New York City: 7584:American Colonies 7386:978-1-5381-1972-3 7365:Landsman, Ned C. 7045:on March 28, 2019 6956:Stephens (2006). 6721:The Right to Vote 6537:978-0-8122-0308-0 6387:(Springer, 2004). 5963:. pp. 81–82. 5799:. pp. 92–98. 5761:, pp. 51–53. 5669:, pp. 46–49. 5621:, pp. 18–19. 5430:978-0-8078-3866-2 5383:on April 27, 2015 5340:978-1-61168-086-7 5115:978-0-8139-3048-0 5066:"Colonial Office" 4978:978-1-4051-9004-6 4863:. pp. 1–19. 4823:"The 13 Colonies" 4810:U.S. Census, 1906 4635:French Revolution 4587:George Louis Beer 4583:Herbert L. Osgood 4486:Thirteen Colonies 4414:mercantile system 4392:Benjamin Franklin 4360:Political culture 4346:George Louis Beer 4342:Herbert L. Osgood 4242:Dartmouth College 4206:colonial colleges 4154:which became the 4138:, especially the 4132:German immigrants 4122:was strong among 4108:Congregationalist 4083:divided into the 4077:Church of England 4037: 4036: 3972: 3971: 3710: 3709: 3545:Siege of Yorktown 3527:Independence Hall 3503:Benjamin Franklin 3495:Committee of Five 3471:to withdraw from 3461:George Washington 3455:In May 1775, the 3446:George Washington 3396:Revolutionary War 3330:in 1773 when the 3312:Stamp Act of 1765 3300:Benjamin Franklin 3249:Stamp Act of 1765 3185:Benjamin Franklin 3174:George Washington 3123:King George's War 2863:Church of England 2844:Mayflower Compact 2712:Connecticut River 2666:Lords Proprietors 2622:Southern colonies 2520:Southern Colonies 2514:Southern colonies 2338:Province of Maine 2195:Southern Colonies 2142:(1775–1783) with 2032:Southern Colonies 1965:George Washington 1963:, they appointed 1941:Thirteen Colonies 1937: 1936: 1859: 1858: 1488:American frontier 1387:Lebanese American 1372:Egyptian American 1302:Estonian American 1292:Albanian American 1286:European American 1263:Japanese American 1253:Filipino American 877: 876: 850:Post-Cold War Era 507:Pre-Columbian Era 469: 454: 453: 440: 439: 436: 435: 416: 415: 257:Treaty of Utrecht 155:• 1760–1776 140:• 1607–1625 88: 79:God Save the King 32:Thirteen Colonies 14546: 14476: 14475: 14474: 14464: 14463: 14452: 14451: 14450: 14443: 14415: 14408: 14295:African American 14177:Health insurance 14065:Household income 13935:National symbols 13866:American English 13839:Federal holidays 13748:household income 13681: 13680: 13677: 13676: 13481: 13480: 13419:Anti-Americanism 13343:Special district 13270:Independent city 13239:County executive 13222: 13221: 13016:Attorney general 12975: 12974: 12964:Federal District 12547:Executive Office 12527: 12526: 12518: 12517: 12514: 12513: 12274:populated places 12254:federal enclaves 12249:federal district 12227: 12226: 12090:American Century 12073:Great Depression 12068:Roaring Twenties 12028:Women's suffrage 11907:Halifax Resolves 11900:Founding Fathers 11895:military history 11860:Pre-colonial era 11784: 11783: 11763: 11756: 11749: 11740: 11739: 11727:Manifest destiny 11713: 11593: 11586: 11579: 11570: 11569: 11508:Sesquicentennial 11468:Independence Day 11372:Founding Fathers 11338: 11337: 11323: 11322: 11248: 11247: 11176: 11175: 10908: 10907: 10765: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10747: 10746: 10622: 10621: 10617: 10445:Cape St. Vincent 10120: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10083: 10082: 10055:Boston Tea Party 9980:Halifax Resolves 9930:Suffolk Resolves 9721:Grafton ministry 9716:Chatham ministry 9612:Colonial history 9592: 9591: 9578: 9577: 9563: 9556: 9549: 9540: 9539: 9526: 9525: 9516: 9515: 9481:Quita Sueño Bank 9061:Indian Territory 8937: 8930: 8923: 8914: 8913: 8900: 8899: 8883: 8875: 8867: 8859: 8857:Mourt's Relation 8851: 8843: 8768:French Louisiana 8597:Red River Colony 8520: 8517: 8464:Berkeley Hundred 8323:Tobacco Colonies 8290: 8283: 8276: 8267: 8266: 8237: 8204: 8164: 8153:, eds. (1983) . 8135: 8113: 8099: 8074: 8052: 8025: 8004: 7981: 7966:(4th ed.). 7958: 7932: 7906: 7881: 7860: 7847:Gipson, Lawrence 7842: 7819: 7793: 7770: 7755: 7729: 7703: 7675: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7621: 7597: 7575: 7572:Internet Archive 7569: 7567: 7537: 7533:978-1-8510-95445 7512: 7471: 7460: 7438: 7412: 7390: 7352: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7306:978-0-6652-05965 7291:Galloway, Joseph 7277: 7276: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7252: 7248: 7246: 7238: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7205:American Pageant 7198: 7192: 7191: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7117:(3): 1015–1044. 7106: 7100: 7099: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7028: 7022: 7021:, p. 23–45. 7016: 7010: 7009: 6999: 6993: 6987: 6981: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6786: 6780: 6763: 6757: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6743: 6726: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6665: 6656: 6655: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6597: 6591: 6590:, p. 11–54. 6585: 6579: 6578: 6563:(4th ed.). 6556: 6550: 6549: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6394: 6388: 6381: 6375: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6343: 6337: 6330: 6324: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6187:. Archived from 6177: 6171: 6170: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6078: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6053:. p. 1168. 6044: 6035: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6005: 6004:official website 5995: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5856: 5850: 5835: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5729: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5603: 5597: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5382: 5375: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5290: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5235: 5229: 5219: 5213: 5206: 5200: 5193: 5187: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156:Leonard Calvert. 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5061: 5055: 5053: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4857:Albany, New York 4844: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4819: 4813: 4807: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4769: 4763: 4756: 4750: 4739: 4631:Atlantic history 4498:British Honduras 4474: 4471: 4144:Reformed Baptist 4081:Puritan movement 3999: 3995: 3749: 3748: 3562: 3558: 3547:in 1781. In the 3507:Thomas Jefferson 3477:Continental Army 3382:Continental Army 3336:Intolerable Acts 3328:Boston Tea Party 3150:Seven Years' War 2987:James Oglethorpe 2852:William Bradford 2530:Tobacco colonies 2382:New Haven Colony 2207:Plymouth Company 2193: (Brown): 2192: 2183: 2174: 2158:British colonies 2152:Kingdom of Spain 2136:Continental Army 2090:Native Americans 1969:Continental Army 1945:British colonies 1943:were a group of 1929: 1922: 1915: 1899: 1889: 1888: 1850: 1849: 1493:Manifest destiny 1483:Historic regions 1465: 1464: 1405:Native Americans 1377:Iranian American 1351:Mexican American 1337:Serbian American 1322:Italian American 1307:Finnish American 1297:English American 1248:Chinese American 1235:African American 1035:Direct democracy 1025:The Constitution 984:Higher education 893:American Century 795:Civil Rights Era 773:Civil Rights Era 729:Great Depression 718:Roaring Twenties 586:Jeffersonian Era 496: 495: 491: 481: 467: 456: 455: 432: 431: 420: 419: 407: 406: 393: 392: 386: 385: 370: 369: 164: 149: 145:James I & VI 100: 90: 89: 56: 49: 28: 27: 14554: 14553: 14549: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14544: 14543: 14484: 14483: 14482: 14472: 14470: 14458: 14448: 14446: 14438: 14436: 14431: 14418: 14411: 14404: 14387: 14373:Opioid epidemic 14290:Native American 14270:intersex rights 14221: 14217:Life expectancy 14207:Medical deserts 14197:Race and health 14094: 14080:Personal income 14026: 13930:National anthem 13763:personal income 13728:Economic issues 13662: 13614: 13462: 13362: 13351:School district 13337: 13320:Minor divisions 13314: 13253: 13211: 13150: 13136:Statutory codes 13117: 13080: 13057: 12967: 12962: 12949: 12884: 12841:civil liberties 12822: 12813:Other tribunals 12792:District courts 12744: 12703:current members 12686:current members 12667: 12601:Law enforcement 12499: 12212: 12161: 12152:Great Recession 12023:Progressive Era 12013:Native genocide 11944:Perpetual Union 11932:Treaty of Paris 11890:United Colonies 11848: 11773: 11767: 11737: 11732: 11714: 11705: 11602: 11597: 11567: 11554: 11493:Von Steuben Day 11391: 11360: 11332: 11313: 11253: 11230: 11172:Colonial allies 11163: 11062: 10895: 10856:King George III 10844: 10752: 10729: 10698: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10606: 10580: 10509: 10490:Lochry's Defeat 10375:Assunpink Creek 10365:Fort Washington 10310: 10244: 10242: 10231: 10222:Hortalez et Cie 10193:Colonial allies 10188: 10155: 10124:United Colonies 10107: 10069: 10035:Boston Massacre 10013: 10004:Perpetual Union 9960:United Colonies 9893:Sons of Liberty 9856: 9764: 9762: 9761:Related British 9755: 9684: 9586: 9582:Origins of the 9572: 9567: 9537: 9532: 9504: 9415:Phoenix Islands 9406: 9389: 9366:Volcano Islands 9332: 9315: 9229: 9216: 8979: 8946: 8941: 8911: 8906: 8888: 8832: 8823: 8818:Russian America 8736:Alta California 8706:Las Californias 8658:Spanish Florida 8637: 8626: 8518: 8437: 8423: 8337: 8333:United Colonies 8313:Middle Colonies 8299: 8294: 8255:Wayback Machine 8244: 8226: 8193: 8175:, eds. (1973). 8142: 8140:Primary sources 8132: 8096: 8071: 8049: 8011: 8001: 7978: 7955: 7937:Hawke, David F. 7929: 7911:Hawke, David F. 7903: 7878: 7857:Caxton Printers 7839: 7816: 7790: 7752: 7734:Carr, J. Revell 7726: 7700: 7672: 7647: 7645:Further reading 7634: 7632: 7618: 7594: 7565: 7563: 7534: 7509: 7493:Richter, Daniel 7487:Wayback Machine 7457: 7435: 7409: 7387: 7349: 7327: 7325: 7307: 7286: 7281: 7280: 7266: 7262: 7250: 7249: 7240: 7239: 7231: 7227: 7216: 7199: 7195: 7184: 7180: 7161:History Compass 7157: 7153: 7142: 7138: 7123:10.2307/2568604 7107: 7103: 7096: 7080:Jackson, Ashley 7077: 7073: 7062: 7058: 7048: 7046: 7029: 7025: 7017: 7013: 7000: 6996: 6988: 6984: 6978:Wayback Machine 6969: 6965: 6954: 6950: 6935: 6919: 6915: 6904: 6900: 6884: 6880: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6823: 6821: 6811: 6787: 6783: 6778:Wayback Machine 6764: 6760: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6735: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6701: 6697: 6682: 6666: 6659: 6632: 6628: 6615: 6611: 6598: 6594: 6586: 6582: 6575: 6557: 6553: 6538: 6522: 6518: 6511: 6497: 6493: 6486: 6472: 6468: 6461: 6447: 6443: 6436: 6422: 6418: 6395: 6391: 6382: 6378: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6344: 6340: 6331: 6327: 6321:10.2307/1925316 6312: 6308: 6301: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6260: 6256: 6245: 6241: 6235:Rodriguez, 2007 6233: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6167: 6153: 6149: 6102: 6098: 6091: 6069: 6065: 6057: 6042: 6036: 6032: 6024: 6020: 6012: 6008: 5996: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5957: 5953: 5945: 5941: 5933: 5929: 5921: 5917: 5909: 5905: 5892: 5888: 5873:10.2307/2210989 5857: 5853: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5793: 5789: 5781: 5777: 5769: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5745: 5741: 5730: 5721: 5713: 5709: 5701: 5697: 5689: 5685: 5677: 5673: 5665: 5661: 5653: 5649: 5641: 5637: 5629: 5625: 5617: 5613: 5604: 5600: 5591: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5555: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5489: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5442: 5438: 5431: 5415: 5411: 5400: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5341: 5325: 5321: 5310: 5306: 5299: 5281: 5277: 5266: 5262: 5251: 5247: 5236: 5232: 5220: 5216: 5208:C.A. Weslager, 5207: 5203: 5194: 5190: 5181: 5177: 5166: 5162: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5116: 5100: 5096: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5062: 5058: 5033: 5029: 5010: 5006: 4998: 4994: 4979: 4963: 4959: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4890: 4886: 4871: 4845: 4841: 4831: 4829: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4808: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4784: 4780: 4770: 4766: 4757: 4753: 4747:religious tests 4740: 4736: 4731: 4722:United Colonies 4663: 4595:Lawrence Gipson 4574: 4568: 4516: 4472: 4462: 4460:British America 4456: 4433:Navigation Acts 4410: 4404: 4402:Economic policy 4390:of 1754 led by 4388:Albany Congress 4362: 4334: 4268: 4262: 4193: 4187: 4124:Dutch Americans 4064: 4058: 3986:Chattel slavery 3983: 3977: 3927:Other European 3873:Other European 3721:Great Migration 3716: 3569: 3557: 3491: 3485: 3467:, which forced 3465:Siege of Boston 3435:siege to Boston 3388: 3378: 3372: 3332:Sons of Liberty 3287: 3281: 3236: 3234:Growing dissent 3212:Spanish Florida 3181:Albany Congress 3083: 3077: 3046:Stono Rebellion 3037: 3031: 2960: 2904:Anne Hutchinson 2848:Plymouth Colony 2825: 2786:Treaty of Breda 2782:Richard Nicolls 2767:Delaware Valley 2691: 2689:Middle colonies 2668:who obtained a 2624: 2606: 2592: 2532: 2522: 2516: 2464:Delaware Colony 2460: 2458:Middle Colonies 2454: 2452:Middle colonies 2376:Saybrook Colony 2332:Plymouth Colony 2276: 2270: 2231:Plymouth Colony 2197: 2190: 2188: 2186:Middle Colonies 2181: 2179: 2172: 2168:British America 2160: 2134:and raised the 2056:British America 2012:Middle Colonies 1985:Treaty of Paris 1933: 1861: 1860: 1462: 1454: 1453: 1359:Jewish American 1332:Polish American 1312:German American 1268:Korean American 1258:Indian American 1229: 1221: 1220: 1075:Merchant Marine 1045:Law enforcement 913:Racial violence 887: 879: 878: 685:Progressive Era 493: 489: 470: 468:History of the 429: 424:United Colonies 404: 390: 357: 347: 324: 322:Treaty of Paris 311: 298: 285: 272: 259: 246: 229: 216: 203: 201:Virginia Colony 190: 162: 156: 147: 141: 103: 91: 84: 81: 69: 64: 58: 57: 50: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14552: 14542: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14481: 14480: 14468: 14456: 14454:British Empire 14433: 14432: 14430: 14429: 14424: 14417: 14416: 14409: 14401: 14400: 14397: 14396: 14393: 14392: 14389: 14388: 14386: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14369: 14368: 14358: 14357: 14356: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14331: 14329:Mass shootings 14326: 14321: 14320: 14319: 14317:Climate change 14314: 14304: 14299: 14298: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14255:Discrimination 14252: 14247: 14246: 14245: 14235: 14229: 14227: 14223: 14222: 14220: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14168: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14147: 14146: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14110: 14104: 14102: 14096: 14095: 14093: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14045:American Dream 14042: 14036: 14034: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14012:Transportation 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13958: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13945:Mount Rushmore 13942: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13916: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13885: 13880: 13879: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13842: 13841: 13831: 13826: 13825: 13824: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13803: 13802: 13797: 13787: 13786: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13689: 13687: 13674: 13668: 13667: 13664: 13663: 13661: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13624: 13622: 13616: 13615: 13613: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13565:Federal budget 13562: 13557: 13552: 13551: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13503:Communications 13500: 13495: 13484: 13478: 13472: 13471: 13468: 13467: 13464: 13463: 13461: 13460: 13455: 13454: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13433: 13432: 13431: 13426: 13424:exceptionalism 13421: 13411: 13406: 13405: 13404: 13402:foreign policy 13394: 13393: 13392: 13387: 13377: 13371: 13368: 13367: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13360: 13359: 13358: 13347: 13345: 13339: 13338: 13336: 13335: 13330: 13324: 13322: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13261: 13259: 13255: 13254: 13252: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13230: 13228: 13219: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13209: 13204: 13203: 13202: 13192: 13191: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13170: 13164: 13162: 13156: 13155: 13152: 13151: 13149: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13127: 13125: 13119: 13118: 13116: 13115: 13114: 13113: 13103: 13102: 13101: 13099:Chief justices 13094:Supreme courts 13090: 13088: 13082: 13081: 13079: 13078: 13073: 13067: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13055: 13054: 13053: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13007: 13006: 12996: 12995: 12994: 12983: 12981: 12972: 12955: 12954: 12951: 12950: 12948: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12936: 12935: 12933:National Guard 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12894: 12892: 12886: 12885: 12883: 12882: 12877: 12876: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12850: 12845: 12844: 12843: 12836:Bill of Rights 12832: 12830: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12809: 12808: 12806:list of judges 12803: 12801:list of courts 12789: 12788: 12787: 12785:list of judges 12777: 12776: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12754: 12752: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12720:Capitol Police 12717: 12716: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12695: 12694: 12693: 12688: 12677: 12675: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12649: 12648: 12643: 12641:Secret Service 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12598: 12597: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12554:Vice President 12551: 12550: 12549: 12544: 12533: 12531: 12524: 12511: 12505: 12504: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12481: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12434: 12433: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12338:National Parks 12330: 12329: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12298: 12293: 12291:Extreme points 12288: 12283: 12282: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12230: 12224: 12218: 12217: 12214: 12213: 12211: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12169: 12167: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12142: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12086: 12085: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12049: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11978:Federalist Era 11975: 11974: 11973: 11971:Bill of Rights 11968: 11958: 11953: 11952: 11951: 11946: 11936: 11935: 11934: 11929: 11919: 11914: 11912:Lee Resolution 11909: 11904: 11903: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11862: 11856: 11854: 11850: 11849: 11847: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11790: 11788: 11781: 11775: 11774: 11772: articles 11766: 11765: 11758: 11751: 11743: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11719: 11716: 11715: 11708: 11706: 11704: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11607: 11604: 11603: 11596: 11595: 11588: 11581: 11573: 11564: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11553: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11541: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11498:Minor holidays 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11399: 11397: 11393: 11392: 11390: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11368: 11366: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11358: 11350: 11344: 11342: 11334: 11333: 11331: 11330: 11329:Related topics 11319: 11318: 11315: 11314: 11312: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11299:Bill of Rights 11296: 11291: 11284: 11279: 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10699: 10697: 10696: 10691: 10689:South Carolina 10686: 10681: 10676: 10674:North Carolina 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10630: 10628: 10626:Rebel colonies 10619: 10611: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10588: 10586: 10582: 10581: 10579: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10566:Sint Eustatius 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10526:"First Salute" 10523: 10517: 10515: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10470:Kings Mountain 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10360:Harlem Heights 10357: 10352: 10350:Valcour Island 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10321: 10319: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10247: 10245: 10240: 10237: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10196: 10194: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10165: 10163: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10132: 10130: 10117: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10105: 10102: 10099: 10096: 10093: 10090: 10079: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10021: 10019: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10011: 10006: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9985:Lee Resolution 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9903:Black Patriots 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9864: 9862: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9767: 9765: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9751:Black Loyalist 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9726:North ministry 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9665: 9658: 9651: 9646: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9598: 9596: 9588: 9587: 9574: 9573: 9566: 9565: 9558: 9551: 9543: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9530: 9520: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9502: 9496: 9495:(1899–present) 9490: 9489:(1898–present) 9484: 9478: 9477:(1867–present) 9472: 9471:(1867–present) 9469:Howland Island 9466: 9460: 9459:(1860–present) 9454: 9453:(1858–present) 9451:Navassa Island 9448: 9447:(1858–present) 9445:Johnston Atoll 9442: 9441:(1858–present) 9436: 9435:(1857–present) 9430: 9424: 9418: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9394: 9391: 9390: 9388: 9387: 9381: 9375: 9369: 9363: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9349: 9341:Ryukyu Islands 9337: 9334: 9333: 9331: 9330: 9320: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9313: 9312:(1986–present) 9307: 9306:(1917–present) 9301: 9295: 9294:(1899–present) 9292:American Samoa 9289: 9288: 9287: 9281: 9275: 9266: 9265: 9264: 9258: 9252: 9241: 9240:(1898–present) 9234: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9227: 9221: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9214: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9194: 9188: 9179: 9173: 9167: 9161: 9155: 9149: 9143: 9137: 9131: 9125: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9111: 9102: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9070: 9064: 9055: 9049: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9015: 9009: 9003: 8997: 8991: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8940: 8939: 8932: 8925: 8917: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8904: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8886: 8878: 8870: 8862: 8854: 8846: 8837: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8803: 8797: 8791: 8785: 8779: 8776:New Netherland 8773: 8772: 8771: 8765: 8759: 8753: 8750:French Florida 8741: 8740: 8739: 8733: 8727: 8721: 8715: 8709: 8703: 8697: 8691: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8649: 8642: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8624: 8618: 8612: 8606: 8600: 8594: 8588: 8582: 8576: 8570: 8564: 8561:Indian Reserve 8558: 8552: 8546: 8540: 8534: 8528: 8522: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8455: 8449: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8435: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8421: 8415: 8412:South Carolina 8409: 8406:North Carolina 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8373: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8349: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8293: 8292: 8285: 8278: 8270: 8264: 8263: 8257: 8243: 8242:External links 8240: 8239: 8238: 8224: 8205: 8191: 8168: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8136: 8130: 8114: 8100: 8094: 8075: 8069: 8056: 8047: 8026: 8010: 8007: 8006: 8005: 7999: 7982: 7976: 7959: 7953: 7933: 7927: 7907: 7901: 7882: 7876: 7861: 7843: 7837: 7820: 7814: 7794: 7788: 7771: 7756: 7750: 7730: 7724: 7704: 7698: 7676: 7670: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7641: 7622: 7616: 7598: 7592: 7576: 7538: 7532: 7513: 7507: 7489: 7472: 7461: 7455: 7439: 7433: 7413: 7407: 7391: 7385: 7370: 7363: 7353: 7347: 7334: 7305: 7285: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7275:. Vol. 2. 7260: 7225: 7214: 7193: 7178: 7167:(8): 951–963. 7151: 7148:. Vol. 5. 7146:Historiography 7136: 7101: 7094: 7071: 7056: 7023: 7011: 6994: 6982: 6963: 6960:. p. 306. 6948: 6933: 6913: 6898: 6878: 6863: 6843: 6841:, p. 665. 6831: 6809: 6781: 6758: 6733: 6710: 6707:. p. 688. 6695: 6680: 6657: 6646:(2): 123–134. 6626: 6609: 6592: 6580: 6573: 6551: 6536: 6516: 6509: 6491: 6484: 6466: 6459: 6441: 6434: 6416: 6389: 6376: 6363: 6356: 6338: 6325: 6306: 6299: 6281: 6274: 6254: 6239: 6227: 6215:1930census.com 6202: 6172: 6166:978-1133944522 6165: 6147: 6112:(1): 165–183. 6096: 6089: 6063: 6030: 6018: 6006: 5990: 5978: 5966: 5951: 5939: 5927: 5915: 5903: 5886: 5867:(3): 453–478. 5851: 5822: 5802: 5787: 5775: 5763: 5751: 5747:Richter (2011) 5739: 5719: 5715:Richter (2011) 5707: 5703:Richter (2011) 5695: 5691:Richter (2011) 5683: 5681:, p. 345. 5679:Richter (2011) 5671: 5659: 5657:, p. 362. 5655:Richter (2011) 5647: 5645:, p. 361. 5643:Richter (2011) 5635: 5633:, p. 360. 5631:Richter (2011) 5623: 5611: 5598: 5585: 5581:Richter (2011) 5573: 5569:Richter (2011) 5561: 5549: 5537: 5525: 5521:Richter (2011) 5513: 5495: 5491:Richter (2011) 5483: 5479:Richter (2011) 5471: 5452:(3): 439–459. 5436: 5429: 5409: 5394: 5361: 5339: 5319: 5304: 5297: 5275: 5260: 5245: 5230: 5214: 5201: 5188: 5175: 5160: 5136: 5114: 5094: 5082: 5056: 5027: 5004: 5000:Richter (2011) 4992: 4977: 4957: 4930:(2): 199–203. 4910: 4892:Mintz Steven. 4884: 4869: 4839: 4814: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4778: 4764: 4751: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4649: 4642: 4603:Ashley Jackson 4567: 4566:Historiography 4564: 4515: 4514: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4458:Main article: 4455: 4452: 4406:Main article: 4403: 4400: 4361: 4358: 4333: 4330: 4310:letters patent 4288:Board of Trade 4264:Main article: 4261: 4258: 4248:universities. 4189:Main article: 4186: 4183: 4148:Roger Williams 4085:Congregational 4060:Main article: 4057: 4054: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 3979:Main article: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3936: 3931: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3855: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3774: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3556: 3553: 3487:Main article: 3484: 3481: 3469:British troops 3374:Main article: 3371: 3368: 3280: 3277: 3273:Indian Reserve 3253:Townshend Acts 3235: 3232: 3166:British Empire 3099:Robert Jenkins 3076: 3073: 3033:Main article: 3030: 3027: 2971:Philip Ludwell 2959: 2956: 2937:In 1685, King 2885:Roger Williams 2824: 2821: 2778:series of wars 2720:New Netherland 2708:Delaware River 2690: 2687: 2643:King Charles I 2632:Chesapeake Bay 2623: 2620: 2591: 2588: 2584:Roanoke Colony 2564: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2518:Main article: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2496: 2484: 2474: 2456:Main article: 2453: 2450: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2423: 2417: 2403: 2400:Roger Williams 2387: 2386: 2385: 2379: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2349: 2335: 2329: 2288:Chesapeake Bay 2272:Main article: 2269: 2266: 2223:Kennebec River 2211:London Company 2201:In 1606, King 2189: 2180: 2171: 2159: 2156: 2148:Dutch Republic 2083:New Netherland 2048:South Carolina 2044:North Carolina 1949:Atlantic coast 1935: 1934: 1932: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1893: 1882: 1881: 1879:Historiography 1876: 1871: 1863: 1862: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1844: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1524:The West Coast 1521: 1516: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1498:Indian removal 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1472: 1471: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1427: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1397:Saudi American 1394: 1389: 1384: 1382:Iraqi American 1379: 1374: 1362: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1317:Irish American 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1242:Asian American 1238: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1180:Sexual slavery 1170: 1163: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1078: 1071: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1050:Postal service 1047: 1042: 1040:Foreign policy 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 995: 988: 987: 986: 974: 973: 972: 960: 959: 958: 946: 945: 944: 939: 934: 929: 917: 916: 915: 903: 896: 888: 885: 884: 881: 880: 875: 874: 871: 867: 866: 864: 856: 855: 852: 845: 844: 842: 834: 833: 830: 823: 822: 820: 812: 811: 808: 801: 800: 797: 790: 789: 787: 779: 778: 775: 768: 767: 764: 757: 756: 754: 746: 745: 742: 735: 734: 731: 724: 723: 720: 713: 712: 709: 702: 701: 699: 691: 690: 687: 680: 679: 676: 669: 668: 665: 658: 657: 655: 647: 646: 643: 636: 635: 633: 625: 624: 621: 619:Jacksonian Era 614: 613: 610: 603: 602: 600: 592: 591: 588: 581: 580: 577: 575:Federalist Era 570: 569: 567: 559: 558: 555: 548: 547: 544: 537: 536: 534: 526: 525: 522: 514: 513: 510: 494: 487: 486: 483: 482: 474: 473: 463: 462: 452: 451: 446: 442: 441: 438: 437: 434: 433: 426: 417: 414: 413: 411:New Netherland 408: 400: 399: 394: 382: 381: 376: 366: 365: 362: 361: 358: 355: 352: 351: 348: 345: 342: 341: 338: 337: 333: 332: 329: 328: 325: 319: 316: 315: 312: 306: 303: 302: 299: 293: 290: 289: 286: 280: 277: 276: 273: 267: 264: 263: 260: 254: 251: 250: 247: 240:New Netherland 237: 234: 233: 230: 224: 221: 220: 217: 211: 208: 207: 204: 198: 195: 194: 191: 188:Roanoke Colony 185: 182: 181: 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 166: 165: 157: 154: 151: 150: 142: 139: 136: 135: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 101: 93: 92: 82: 71: 70: 59: 51: 44: 43: 40: 39: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14551: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14491: 14489: 14479: 14478:North America 14469: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14455: 14445: 14444: 14441: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14419: 14414: 14410: 14407: 14403: 14402: 14398: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14367: 14364: 14363: 14362: 14359: 14355: 14352: 14351: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14309: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14302:Energy policy 14300: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14257: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14244: 14243:incarceration 14241: 14240: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14224: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14152: 14151: 14148: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14128:Prenatal care 14126: 14124: 14123:Birth control 14121: 14119: 14116: 14115: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14101: 14097: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14060:Homeownership 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14037: 14035: 14033: 14029: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13937: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13890: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13863: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13840: 13837: 13836: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13823: 13820: 13819: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13792: 13791: 13788: 13784: 13783:working class 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13743:homeownership 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13730: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13690: 13688: 13686: 13682: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13669: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13625: 13623: 13621: 13617: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13523:Manufacturing 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13490: 13489: 13486: 13485: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13473: 13459: 13456: 13452: 13451:Third parties 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13438: 13437: 13434: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13416: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13403: 13400: 13399: 13398: 13395: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13382: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13372: 13369: 13357: 13354: 13353: 13352: 13349: 13348: 13346: 13344: 13340: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13325: 13323: 13321: 13317: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13262: 13260: 13256: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13231: 13229: 13227: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13214: 13208: 13205: 13201: 13198: 13197: 13196: 13193: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13175: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13165: 13163: 13161: 13157: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13128: 13126: 13124: 13120: 13112: 13109: 13108: 13107: 13104: 13100: 13097: 13096: 13095: 13092: 13091: 13089: 13087: 13083: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13068: 13066: 13064: 13060: 13052: 13049: 13048: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13005: 13002: 13001: 13000: 12997: 12993: 12990: 12989: 12988: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12980: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12965: 12960: 12956: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12900: 12899: 12896: 12895: 12893: 12891: 12887: 12881: 12878: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12855: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12842: 12839: 12838: 12837: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12829: 12825: 12819: 12818:U.S. attorney 12816: 12814: 12811: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12798: 12797: 12793: 12790: 12786: 12783: 12782: 12781: 12778: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12763:Chief Justice 12761: 12760: 12759: 12758:Supreme Court 12756: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12747: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12700: 12699: 12696: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12683: 12682: 12679: 12678: 12676: 12674: 12670: 12664: 12663:Public policy 12661: 12659: 12658:Civil service 12656: 12654: 12651: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12602: 12599: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12539: 12538: 12535: 12534: 12532: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12519: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12506: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12440: 12439: 12435: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12346: 12343: 12339: 12336: 12335: 12334: 12331: 12327: 12326:Sierra Nevada 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12303: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12264:insular zones 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12236: 12235: 12232: 12231: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12219: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12164: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12137: 12136: 12135:War on Terror 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12115:LGBT Movement 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12084: 12081: 12080: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12033: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11963: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11941: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11924: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11867: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11851: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11776: 11771: 11770:United States 11764: 11759: 11757: 11752: 11750: 11745: 11744: 11741: 11729: 11728: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11717: 11712: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11608: 11605: 11601: 11594: 11589: 11587: 11582: 11580: 11575: 11574: 11571: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11473:Patriots' Day 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11450: 11449: 11448:Commemoration 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11400: 11398: 11394: 11388: 11387:Yankee Doodle 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11369: 11367: 11363: 11357: 11356: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11345: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11328: 11327: 11324: 11320: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11289: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11259: 11256: 11249: 11245: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11216:de Rochambeau 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11183: 11181: 11177: 11174: 11170: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11071: 11069: 11065: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10909: 10906: 10902: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10847: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10766: 10763: 10759: 10755: 10748: 10744: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10707: 10705: 10701: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10659:New Hampshire 10657: 10655: 10654:Massachusetts 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10631: 10629: 10627: 10623: 10620: 10609: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10583: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10512: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10313: 10307: 10306:Naval battles 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10241:Campaigns and 10238: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10202: 10201: 10198: 10197: 10195: 10191: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10162: 10158: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10103: 10100: 10097: 10094: 10091: 10088: 10087: 10084: 10080: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10045:Gaspee affair 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9920: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9863: 9859: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9758: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9701:Bute ministry 9699: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9687: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9670: 9666: 9663: 9659: 9656: 9652: 9650: 9649:Spirit of '76 9647: 9645: 9644: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9622:Republicanism 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9599: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9564: 9559: 9557: 9552: 9550: 9545: 9544: 9541: 9529: 9521: 9519: 9511: 9510: 9507: 9500: 9497: 9494: 9491: 9488: 9487:Palmyra Atoll 9485: 9482: 9479: 9476: 9473: 9470: 9467: 9464: 9461: 9458: 9455: 9452: 9449: 9446: 9443: 9440: 9439:Jarvis Island 9437: 9434: 9431: 9428: 9425: 9422: 9421:Roncador Bank 9419: 9416: 9413: 9412: 9409: 9403: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9392: 9385: 9382: 9379: 9376: 9373: 9370: 9367: 9364: 9361: 9360:Bonin Islands 9358: 9353: 9350: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9342: 9339: 9338: 9335: 9329: 9328:United States 9325: 9322: 9321: 9318: 9311: 9308: 9305: 9302: 9299: 9296: 9293: 9290: 9285: 9282: 9279: 9276: 9273: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9262: 9259: 9256: 9253: 9250: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9242: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9232: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9219: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9198: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9174: 9171: 9168: 9165: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9147: 9144: 9141: 9138: 9135: 9132: 9129: 9126: 9123: 9120: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9097: 9094: 9091: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9079: 9074: 9071: 9068: 9065: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9050: 9047: 9044: 9041: 9038: 9035: 9032: 9029: 9026: 9023: 9019: 9016: 9013: 9010: 9007: 9004: 9001: 8998: 8995: 8992: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8982: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8945: 8938: 8933: 8931: 8926: 8924: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8903: 8895: 8894: 8891: 8882: 8879: 8874: 8871: 8866: 8863: 8858: 8855: 8850: 8847: 8842: 8839: 8838: 8835: 8831: 8826: 8819: 8816: 8813: 8810: 8807: 8804: 8801: 8798: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8786: 8783: 8780: 8777: 8774: 8769: 8766: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8745: 8742: 8737: 8734: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8722: 8719: 8716: 8713: 8710: 8707: 8704: 8701: 8700:Spanish Texas 8698: 8695: 8692: 8689: 8686: 8683: 8680: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8668: 8665: 8662: 8659: 8655: 8654: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8644: 8643: 8640: 8633: 8632: 8629: 8622: 8619: 8616: 8613: 8610: 8607: 8604: 8601: 8598: 8595: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8583: 8580: 8577: 8574: 8571: 8568: 8565: 8562: 8559: 8556: 8553: 8550: 8547: 8544: 8541: 8538: 8535: 8532: 8531:Rupert's Land 8529: 8526: 8523: 8513: 8510: 8507: 8504: 8501: 8498: 8495: 8492: 8489: 8486: 8483: 8480: 8477: 8474: 8471: 8468: 8465: 8462: 8459: 8456: 8453: 8450: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8440: 8434: 8433:United States 8430: 8429: 8426: 8419: 8416: 8413: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8401: 8398: 8395: 8392: 8389: 8386: 8383: 8380: 8377: 8374: 8371: 8368: 8365: 8362: 8359: 8356: 8353: 8352:New Hampshire 8350: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8340: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8302: 8298: 8291: 8286: 8284: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8271: 8268: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8246: 8245: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8192:0-8352-0624-6 8188: 8184: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8167: 8162: 8161:Bobbs-Merrill 8158: 8157: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8133: 8131:9781258057220 8127: 8123: 8120:(1924–1925). 8119: 8115: 8111: 8110: 8106:(1904–1907). 8105: 8101: 8097: 8095:9780804705936 8091: 8087: 8083: 8082: 8076: 8072: 8070:9780837195438 8066: 8062: 8057: 8055: 8050: 8048:9781404760943 8044: 8041: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8002: 8000:9780631210115 7996: 7992: 7988: 7983: 7979: 7977:9781444396287 7973: 7969: 7965: 7960: 7956: 7954:9780060912512 7950: 7946: 7945:HarperCollins 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7928:9780672606885 7924: 7920: 7919:Bobbs-Merrill 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7902:9780722271841 7898: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7853: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7838:9780191662744 7834: 7830: 7826: 7821: 7817: 7815:9780300133554 7811: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7798:Elliott, John 7795: 7791: 7789:9780684196091 7785: 7781: 7777: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7757: 7753: 7751:9780802715128 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7725:9781331210658 7721: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7699:9781404762626 7695: 7691: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7671:9780844615103 7667: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7649: 7648: 7630: 7629: 7623: 7619: 7617:9780393253870 7613: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7593:9780142002100 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7539: 7535: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7520: 7514: 7510: 7508:9780674055803 7504: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7490: 7488: 7484: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7462: 7458: 7456:9780195162479 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7434:9780822301936 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7408:9780300082906 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7378: 7377: 7371: 7368: 7364: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7348:9781405116749 7344: 7340: 7335: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7288: 7287: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7256: 7244: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7217: 7215:9781305537422 7211: 7207: 7206: 7197: 7189: 7182: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7155: 7147: 7140: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7105: 7097: 7095:9780199605415 7091: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7075: 7067: 7060: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7027: 7020: 7015: 7007: 7006: 6998: 6991: 6986: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6967: 6959: 6952: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6934:0-8191-2898-8 6930: 6926: 6925: 6917: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6882: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6864:9781419107078 6860: 6856: 6855: 6847: 6840: 6835: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6810:0-631-21011-3 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6785: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6740: 6736: 6734:0-465-02968-X 6730: 6723: 6722: 6714: 6706: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6681:0-8371-9543-8 6677: 6673: 6672: 6664: 6662: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6630: 6622: 6621: 6613: 6605: 6604: 6596: 6589: 6584: 6576: 6574:9781135267971 6570: 6566: 6562: 6555: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6520: 6512: 6510:9780199977536 6506: 6502: 6495: 6487: 6485:9780691045887 6481: 6477: 6470: 6462: 6460:9780813120263 6456: 6452: 6445: 6437: 6435:0-674-00091-9 6431: 6427: 6420: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6380: 6373: 6367: 6359: 6357:9780807845837 6353: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6318: 6310: 6302: 6300:9780275957995 6296: 6292: 6285: 6277: 6275:9780195167771 6271: 6267: 6266: 6258: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6231: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6168: 6162: 6158: 6151: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6100: 6092: 6090:9780231063395 6086: 6082: 6077: 6076: 6067: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6041: 6034: 6027: 6022: 6015: 6010: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5987: 5982: 5975: 5974:Taylor (2016) 5970: 5962: 5955: 5948: 5947:Taylor (2016) 5943: 5936: 5935:Taylor (2016) 5931: 5924: 5923:Taylor (2016) 5919: 5912: 5911:Taylor (2016) 5907: 5899: 5898: 5890: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5849: 5848:0-7425-1189-8 5845: 5841: 5840: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5823:0-7425-1189-8 5819: 5815: 5814: 5806: 5798: 5791: 5785:, pp. 187–188 5784: 5779: 5772: 5771:Taylor (2016) 5767: 5760: 5759:Taylor (2016) 5755: 5748: 5743: 5735: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5716: 5711: 5704: 5699: 5692: 5687: 5680: 5675: 5668: 5663: 5656: 5651: 5644: 5639: 5632: 5627: 5620: 5619:Taylor (2016) 5615: 5608: 5602: 5595: 5589: 5582: 5577: 5570: 5565: 5559:, p. 25. 5558: 5557:Taylor (2016) 5553: 5547:, p. 23. 5546: 5545:Taylor (2016) 5541: 5535:, p. 20. 5534: 5533:Taylor (2016) 5529: 5522: 5517: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5492: 5487: 5480: 5475: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5446:The Historian 5440: 5432: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5413: 5405: 5398: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5323: 5315: 5308: 5300: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5279: 5271: 5264: 5256: 5249: 5241: 5234: 5228: 5224: 5218: 5211: 5205: 5198: 5195:Jaap Jacobs, 5192: 5185: 5179: 5171: 5164: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5148: 5140: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5098: 5091: 5090:Taylor (2002) 5086: 5071: 5067: 5060: 5052: 5051: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5037:Roebuck, John 5031: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5008: 5001: 4996: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4914: 4899: 4895: 4888: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4870:9781438477848 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4806: 4804: 4799: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4755: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4734: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4655: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4614: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4563: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4466: 4461: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4426:New Amsterdam 4423: 4417: 4415: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4366: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4304: 4299: 4297: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4197: 4192: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4052: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3728:British Isles 3724: 3722: 3715: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3523:Market Street 3520: 3516: 3515:Roger Sherman 3512: 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During the 3412: 3408: 3404: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3231: 3228: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3190: 3187:proposed the 3186: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3107:Edward Vernon 3104: 3100: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3065:Presbyterians 3063: 3059: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2947:Edmund Andros 2944: 2940: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2928:New Hampshire 2924: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2912:Samuel Gorton 2909: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739:New Amsterdam 2736: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2695: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2675:John Colleton 2671: 2670:Royal Charter 2667: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2508: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2449: 2448:(1686–1689). 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2430:Samuel Gorton 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2326:Popham Colony 2324: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2256:. In 1768, a 2255: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2219:Popham Colony 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2164: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 2000:Massachusetts 1997: 1996:New Hampshire 1993: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1971:to fight the 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1953:North America 1950: 1946: 1942: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1892: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1874:List of years 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1853: 1845: 1843: 1842:Urban history 1840: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 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933: 930: 928: 925: 924: 923: 922: 918: 914: 911: 910: 909: 908: 904: 902: 901: 897: 895: 894: 890: 889: 883: 882: 872: 869: 868: 865: 863: 862: 858: 857: 853: 851: 847: 846: 843: 841: 840: 836: 835: 831: 829: 825: 824: 821: 819: 818: 814: 813: 809: 807: 803: 802: 798: 796: 792: 791: 788: 786: 785: 781: 780: 776: 774: 770: 769: 765: 763: 759: 758: 755: 753: 752: 748: 747: 743: 741: 737: 736: 732: 730: 726: 725: 721: 719: 715: 714: 710: 708: 704: 703: 700: 698: 697: 693: 692: 688: 686: 682: 681: 677: 675: 671: 670: 666: 664: 660: 659: 656: 654: 653: 649: 648: 644: 642: 641:Civil War Era 638: 637: 634: 632: 631: 627: 626: 622: 620: 616: 615: 611: 609: 605: 604: 601: 599: 598: 594: 593: 589: 587: 583: 582: 578: 576: 572: 571: 568: 566: 565: 561: 560: 556: 554: 550: 549: 545: 543: 539: 538: 535: 533: 532: 528: 527: 523: 521: 520: 516: 515: 511: 509: 508: 503: 502: 498: 497: 492: 485: 484: 480: 476: 475: 472: 471:United States 465: 464: 461: 458: 457: 450: 449:United States 447: 445:Today part of 443: 427: 425: 422: 421: 418: 412: 409: 402: 401: 398: 395: 388: 387: 384: 383: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 367: 363: 359: 353: 349: 343: 339: 334: 330: 326: 323: 317: 313: 310: 304: 300: 297: 291: 287: 284: 278: 274: 271: 265: 261: 258: 252: 248: 245: 241: 235: 231: 228: 222: 218: 215: 209: 205: 202: 196: 192: 189: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 161: 158: 152: 146: 143: 137: 133: 129: 125: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 99: 94: 80: 76: 72: 67: 62: 55: 48: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 14344:Human rights 14324:Gun politics 14275:Islamophobia 14265:antisemitism 14133:Hospice care 14075:Middle class 14055:Homelessness 14032:Social class 13992:Social class 13856:Human rights 13846:Homelessness 13758:middle class 13723:Demographics 13698:Architecture 13605:Unemployment 13585:Labor unions 13333:Town meeting 13310:City council 13305:City manager 13046:State police 12908:Marine Corps 12898:Armed Forces 12873:civil rights 12853:Constitution 12425:Southwestern 12420:Southeastern 12410:Northwestern 12405:Northeastern 12370:Mid-Atlantic 12360:Great Plains 12078:World War II 11961:Constitution 11874: 11865:Colonial era 11844:2008–present 11725: 11722: 11610: 11513:Bicentennial 11396:Other topics 11382:Liberty Tree 11354: 11294:Constitution 11286: 11191:Beaumarchais 11079:Samuel Adams 10830:William Howe 10825:Richard Howe 10725:West Florida 10710:East Florida 10684:Rhode Island 10679:Pennsylvania 10625: 10612:Involvement 10556:Gordon Riots 10541:Valley Forge 10536:Conway Cabal 10514:Other events 10276:Philadelphia 10174:British Army 10127: 10065:Powder Alarm 9995:Model Treaty 9917: 9675:Expansionism 9643:Common Sense 9641: 9499:Corn Islands 9475:Midway Atoll 9463:Swan Islands 9457:Kingman Reef 9433:Baker Island 9427:Serrana Bank 9286:1952–present 9284:Commonwealth 9268:Puerto Rico 9261:Commonwealth 8969: 8829: 8806:Krabbeninsel 8579:West Florida 8573:East Florida 8394:Pennsylvania 8370:Rhode Island 8296: 8210: 8177: 8155: 8121: 8112:. Macmillan. 8108: 8080: 8060: 8034: 8020: 7986: 7963: 7940: 7914: 7887: 7866: 7851: 7824: 7801: 7775: 7761: 7742:Walker Books 7737: 7711: 7684: 7656: 7633:. Retrieved 7627: 7605: 7602:Taylor, Alan 7583: 7580:Taylor, Alan 7570:– via 7564:. Retrieved 7543: 7518: 7496: 7475: 7466: 7446: 7424: 7421:Winks, Robin 7398: 7375: 7366: 7356: 7338: 7326:. Retrieved 7295: 7284:Bibliography 7272: 7263: 7234: 7228: 7219: 7204: 7196: 7187: 7181: 7164: 7160: 7154: 7145: 7139: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7084: 7074: 7065: 7059: 7047:. Retrieved 7043:the original 7036: 7026: 7014: 7004: 6997: 6985: 6966: 6957: 6951: 6923: 6916: 6907: 6901: 6893: 6888: 6881: 6853: 6846: 6834: 6822:. Retrieved 6791: 6784: 6766: 6761: 6746:. 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Retrieved 4826: 4817: 4781: 4767: 4760:Newfoundland 4754: 4737: 4624: 4616: 4608: 4599: 4575: 4554:West Florida 4530:Newfoundland 4519: 4479:Newfoundland 4449: 4430: 4418: 4411: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4339: 4335: 4332:British role 4324:to form the 4318:Rhode Island 4307: 4300: 4292: 4272:royal colony 4269: 4254: 4250: 4202: 4165: 4104:Presbyterian 4097: 4065: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4031: 3984: 3841:Scots-Irish 3745: 3725: 3717: 3538: 3531: 3497:, including 3492: 3454: 3439: 3419: 3411:Philadelphia 3400: 3351:Philadelphia 3344: 3316: 3305: 3295:Join, or Die 3293: 3262: 3237: 3224: 3220:West Florida 3193: 3179:At the 1754 3178: 3170: 3154: 3143: 3129:the town of 3101:sparked the 3096: 3054: 3042: 3038: 3035:Mercantilism 3023:Ohio Country 3019:Ohio Company 3011: 2992: 2984: 2968: 2961: 2958:18th century 2936: 2925: 2908:Rhode Island 2901: 2889:Narragansett 2883: 2856: 2837: 2826: 2817:William Penn 2814: 2802: 2775: 2760: 2727:Peter Minuit 2724: 2704:Hudson River 2701: 2655: 2640: 2625: 2590:17th century 2581: 2565: 2467: 2439: 2416:, and others 2320:royal colony 2292:Cape Lookout 2247: 2200: 2125: 2102: 2098:mercantilism 2087: 2072: 2060:The Floridas 2024:Pennsylvania 2004:Rhode Island 1989: 1961:Philadelphia 1940: 1938: 1429: 1422: 1403: 1364: 1357: 1343: 1284: 1240: 1233: 1186: 1172: 1167:Social class 1165: 1158: 1119: 1093:Marine Corps 1080: 1073: 1066: 1030:Debt ceiling 1015:Civil rights 997: 990: 976: 962: 948: 919: 907:Civil unrest 905: 900:Antisemitism 898: 891: 873:2008–present 861:2008–present 859: 837: 815: 782: 749: 740:World War II 694: 650: 628: 595: 562: 529: 519:Colonial Era 517: 505: 499: 459: 379:Succeeded by 378: 373: 356:• 1775 346:• 1625 74: 25: 14349:Immigration 14280:LGBT rights 14182:Food safety 14017:Video games 13610:Wall Street 13590:Public debt 13493:Agriculture 13429:nationalism 13141:Uniform act 13063:Legislative 12970:Territorial 12928:Coast Guard 12923:Space Force 12673:Legislative 12468:Red (South) 12458:Mississippi 12380:New England 12316:Appalachian 12286:Earthquakes 12183:Discoveries 12178:Demographic 12120:Vietnam War 12063:World War I 12058:Imperialism 12008:Indian Wars 11983:War of 1812 11159:Witherspoon 11043:von Steuben 10998:Charles Lee 10715:Nova Scotia 10634:Connecticut 10505:The Saintes 10460:Springfield 10425:Stony Point 10355:Long Island 10340:Bunker Hill 10261:Nova Scotia 9852:Prohibitory 9842:Restraining 9832:Intolerable 9812:Declaratory 9501:(1914–1971) 9493:Wake Island 9483:(1869–1981) 9465:(1863–1972) 9429:(1856–1981) 9423:(1856–1981) 9417:(1856–1979) 9386:(1860–1901) 9380:(1848–1863) 9374:(1947–1994) 9368:(1945–1968) 9362:(1945–1968) 9300:(1903–1979) 9244:Philippines 9213:(1900–1959) 9207:(1868–1890) 9178:(1864–1889) 9172:(1863–1912) 9166:(1863–1890) 9160:(1861–1889) 9154:(1861–1876) 9148:(1861–1864) 9142:(1854–1867) 9136:(1854–1861) 9130:(1853–1889) 9124:(1850–1896) 9108:Provisional 9104:New Mexico 9101:(1849–1858) 9095:(1848–1859) 9089:(1838–1846) 9083:(1836–1848) 9054:(1822–1845) 9048:(1819–1836) 9042:(1817–1819) 9036:(1809–1818) 9030:(1805–1837) 9024:(1805–1821) 9014:(1804–1812) 9008:(1800–1816) 9002:(1798–1817) 9000:Mississippi 8996:(1790–1796) 8990:(1787–1803) 8955:Organic act 8868:(1630–1651) 8820:(1799–1867) 8808:(1689–1693) 8802:(1685–1754) 8796:(1672–1917) 8790:(1638–1655) 8784:(1625–1672) 8778:(1614–1667) 8764:, 1665–1733 8758:, 1651–1665 8752:, 1562–1565 8748:1534–1763; 8738:, 1804–1821 8732:, 1783–1821 8726:, 1783–1821 8720:, 1776–1821 8714:, 1769–1801 8708:, 1767–1804 8702:, 1690–1821 8696:, 1650–1651 8690:, 1607–1801 8684:, 1598–1821 8678:, 1580–1898 8672:, 1565–1898 8666:, 1565–1821 8664:New Navarre 8660:, 1565–1763 8656:1521–1821; 8648:(1492–1535) 8623:(1871–1903) 8617:(1866–1871) 8611:(1863–1866) 8605:(1862–1863) 8599:(1811–1818) 8593:(1810–1846) 8585:New Ireland 8581:(1763–1783) 8575:(1763–1783) 8569:(1763–1783) 8563:(1763–1783) 8557:(1686–1689) 8551:(1674–1702) 8549:West Jersey 8545:(1674–1702) 8543:East Jersey 8539:(1670–1870) 8533:(1670–1811) 8527:(1663–1712) 8519: 1680 8508:(1638–1664) 8502:(1635–1644) 8490:(1629–1663) 8484:(1625–1650) 8482:Saint Croix 8478:(1622–1658) 8460:(1607–1699) 8454:(1607–1608) 8448:(1585–1590) 8420:(1732–1776) 8414:(1712–1776) 8408:(1712–1776) 8402:(1691–1776) 8396:(1681–1776) 8390:(1664–1776) 8378:(1664–1776) 8372:(1636–1776) 8366:(1636–1776) 8364:Connecticut 8360:(1632–1776) 8348:(1607–1776) 7586:. Penguin. 7566:October 12, 7449:. Oup USA. 7328:October 12, 7251:|work= 7049:January 13, 5013:Boyer, Abel 4827:History.com 4538:Nova Scotia 4483:Nova Scotia 4473: 1750 4276:proprietary 4128:Lutheranism 4067:as well as 4041:1860 census 3858:Scots-Irish 3741:Immigration 3734:origin, 4% 3570:Population 3433:, then lay 3422:Thomas Gage 3340:Thomas Gage 3204:Nova Scotia 3189:Albany Plan 2995:Alan Taylor 2879:Connecticut 2823:New England 2810:West Jersey 2806:East Jersey 2574:in 1660 by 2499:West Jersey 2493:East Jersey 2483:(1686–1689) 2410:John Clarke 2298:; in 1607, 2262:Home Office 2030:); and the 2008:Connecticut 1793:Territories 1514:New England 1194:Agriculture 1113:Coast Guard 1108:Space Force 956:Immigration 806:Vietnam War 707:World War I 501:Prehistoric 374:Preceded by 214:New England 68:(1775–1777) 63:(1707–1775) 14488:Categories 14383:Xenophobia 14172:Disability 14113:Healthcare 14022:Visual art 13967:Philosophy 13913:television 13903:newspapers 13893:journalism 13883:Literature 13795:attainment 13446:Republican 13441:Democratic 13414:Ideologies 13375:Corruption 12940:NOAA Corps 12863:preemption 12858:federalism 12473:Rio Grande 12375:Midwestern 12355:West Coast 12350:East Coast 12193:Inventions 12105:Space Race 12100:Korean War 12083:home front 12018:Gilded Age 11503:Centennial 11458:television 11309:Jay Treaty 11206:de Guichen 11114:Huntington 11074:John Adams 11013:Montgomery 10918:Washington 10881:Rockingham 10866:Barrington 10835:Knyphausen 10805:Cornwallis 10664:New Jersey 10495:Chesapeake 10450:Charleston 10405:Germantown 10400:Brandywine 10390:Bennington 10179:Royal Navy 10169:Parliament 10116:Combatants 10089:Combatants 9868:Loyal Nine 9801:Quartering 9771:Navigation 9617:Liberalism 9607:John Locke 9595:Philosophy 9185:Department 9128:Washington 8788:New Sweden 8744:New France 8382:New Jersey 8234:1158313716 8009:Government 7877:0806313773 7635:August 24, 7561:1047483138 7221:suggested. 5298:0393016102 4879:2019049099 4861:SUNY Press 4654:common law 4441:James Otis 4422:Royal Navy 4260:Government 4246:Ivy League 4175:Methodists 4136:Anabaptism 4011:1771–1780 4008:1761–1770 4005:1701–1760 4002:1620–1700 3706:2,148,076 3698:1,593,625 3690:1,170,760 3534:George III 3499:John Adams 3251:, and the 3208:Hudson Bay 3131:Louisbourg 3014:Ohio River 2788:ended the 2763:New Sweden 2679:Charleston 2594:See also: 2576:Charles II 2524:See also: 2406:Portsmouth 2296:John White 2284:east coast 2075:Protestant 2020:New Jersey 1068:Journalism 1020:Corruption 999:Government 950:Demography 937:Newspapers 828:Reagan Era 674:Gilded Age 512:until 1607 336:Population 160:George III 116:Government 14366:Terrorism 14143:Rationing 14040:Affluence 13987:Sexuality 13955:Uncle Sam 13861:Languages 13790:Education 13733:affluence 13693:Americana 13620:Transport 13518:Insurance 13508:Companies 13488:By sector 13380:Elections 13021:Treasurer 12979:Executive 12918:Air Force 12890:Uniformed 12713:President 12530:Executive 12301:Mountains 12234:Territory 12222:Geography 12046:1954–1968 12041:1896–1954 12036:1865–1896 11998:Civil War 11839:1991–2008 11834:1980–1991 11829:1964–1980 11824:1945–1964 11819:1917–1945 11814:1865–1917 11809:1849–1865 11804:1815–1849 11799:1789–1815 11794:1776–1789 11787:By period 11377:Diplomacy 11365:Political 11348:Prisoners 11252:Aftermath 11226:Vergennes 11201:de Grasse 11196:d'Estaing 11186:Louis XVI 11124:Jefferson 11089:Dickinson 11033:St. Clair 11018:Nicholson 10993:Lafayette 10953:Duportail 10923:Alexander 10891:Shelburne 10775:Arbuthnot 10614:(by 10480:Pensacola 10440:Gibraltar 10415:St. Lucia 10380:Princeton 10092:Campaigns 9945:Minutemen 9861:Colonials 9817:Townshend 9746:Loyalists 9689:Royalists 9354:1950–1972 9348:1945–1950 9280:1900–1952 9274:1898–1900 9263:1935–1946 9257:1901–1935 9251:1898–1901 9199:1912–1959 9197:Territory 9193:1884–1912 9187:1867–1884 9116:1850–1912 9114:Territory 9110:1846–1850 9099:Minnesota 9081:Wisconsin 9075:1890–1907 9073:Territory 9069:1850–1890 9067:Panhandle 9063:1834–1907 9057:Oklahoma 9018:Louisiana 8994:Southwest 8988:Northwest 8652:New Spain 8506:New Haven 8458:Jamestown 7445:(2005) . 7323:19213819M 7253:ignored ( 7243:cite book 7200:Compare: 6873:309336967 6546:759158222 6220:March 17, 6195:March 17, 6014:Mays 2019 5124:825768138 5034:Also see 4987:682892448 4944:0021-969X 4794:Citations 4786:servants. 4562:Florida. 4522:New World 4185:Education 4146:preacher 4142:variety. 4140:Mennonite 4116:Huguenots 3959:Colonies 3953:Colonies 3897:Scottish 3887:Scottish 3568:Estimated 3364:Loyalists 3255:of 1767. 3241:Sugar Act 3200:Louisiana 3162:world war 3058:New Light 2893:Canonicus 2871:New Haven 2839:Mayflower 2756:Sephardim 2733:from the 2731:Manhattan 2725:In 1626, 2698:colonies. 2641:In 1632, 2628:Jamestown 2393:chartered 2370:chartered 2346:Charles I 2316:chartered 2300:Jamestown 2079:Jamestown 2064:Caribbean 1987:in 1783. 1519:The South 1103:Air Force 978:Education 854:1991–2008 839:1991–2008 832:1981–1991 817:1980–1991 810:1964–1975 799:1954–1968 784:1964–1980 777:1954–1968 766:1945–1964 751:1945–1964 744:1941–1945 733:1929–1941 722:1918–1929 711:1917–1918 696:1917–1945 689:1896–1917 678:1877–1896 667:1865–1877 652:1865–1917 645:1849–1865 630:1849–1865 623:1825–1849 612:1817–1825 597:1815–1849 590:1801–1817 579:1788–1801 564:1789–1815 557:1783–1788 546:1765–1783 531:1776–1789 524:1607–1765 360:2,400,000 288:1754–1763 242:ceded to 38:1607–1776 14466:Monarchy 14422:Category 14118:Abortion 13982:Religion 13940:Columbia 13898:internet 13834:Holidays 13829:Folklore 13800:literacy 13738:eviction 13628:Aviation 13600:Taxation 13555:Currency 13548:by state 13458:Scandals 13328:Township 13086:Judicial 12987:Governor 12750:Judicial 12636:Marshals 12509:Politics 12463:Missouri 12453:Columbia 12448:Colorado 12443:Arkansas 12436:Longest 12415:Southern 12400:Northern 12244:counties 12198:Military 12188:Economic 12166:By topic 12145:Iraq War 12095:Cold War 11853:By event 11723:Concept: 11341:Military 11094:Franklin 11067:Civilian 11048:Sullivan 11038:Schuyler 10968:Hamilton 10943:Claghorn 10911:Military 10904:Colonial 10886:Sandwich 10849:Civilian 10795:Carleton 10790:Campbell 10785:Burgoyne 10768:Military 10694:Virginia 10669:New York 10649:Maryland 10639:Delaware 10500:Yorktown 10435:Savannah 10410:Monmouth 10395:Saratoga 10301:Yorktown 10291:Southern 10281:Northern 10271:Saratoga 10243:theaters 10104:Colonies 10095:Theaters 9898:Patriots 9808:up i.p.o 9796:Currency 9781:Molasses 9518:Category 9346:Military 9272:Military 9249:Military 9191:District 9152:Colorado 9140:Nebraska 9046:Arkansas 9034:Illinois 9028:Michigan 9022:Missouri 8902:Category 8525:Carolina 8500:Saybrook 8488:Carolana 8470:Plymouth 8388:New York 8376:Delaware 8358:Maryland 8346:Virginia 8251:Archived 8032:(1904). 8018:(1909). 7939:(1988). 7913:(1966). 7849:(1936). 7800:(2006). 7736:(2008). 7710:(1912). 7682:(1923). 7654:(1921). 7604:(2016). 7582:(2002). 7524:ABC-CLIO 7495:(2011). 7483:Archived 7419:(1966). 7397:(1986). 7315:24301390 7293:(1780). 7271:(1965). 7082:(2013). 6974:Archived 6819:50072292 6774:Archived 6739:Archived 6652:27787750 6411:44209361 6142:27931796 6134:11632252 6055:Archived 5832:52714651 5466:24441216 5349:44954462 5039:(1779). 5015:(1720). 4952:23916451 4661:See also 4605:writes: 4512:Barbados 4296:prorogue 4171:Baptists 4160:Maryland 4150:founded 4093:Anglican 4087:and the 4056:Religion 4022:189,000 3850:Scottish 3817:African 3811:African 3795:English 3772:Percent 3766:Percent 3760:Percent 3682:905,563 3674:629,445 3666:466,185 3658:331,711 3650:250,588 3642:210,372 3634:151,507 3626:111,935 3360:Patriots 3127:captured 3048:and the 2978:and the 2875:Saybrook 2829:Pilgrims 2747:Barbados 2322:in 1691 2235:Pilgrims 2209:and the 2150:and the 2040:Virginia 2036:Maryland 2028:Delaware 2016:New York 1891:Category 1442:Lesbians 1416:Comanche 1411:Cherokee 1209:Medicine 1160:Religion 1082:Military 1055:Taxation 1005:Abortion 921:Cultural 119:Various 111:Colonies 14440:Portals 14406:Outline 14354:illegal 14339:Smoking 14202:Obesity 14085:Poverty 14007:Theater 13997:Society 13851:Housing 13812:Fashion 13768:poverty 13713:Cuisine 13685:Culture 13672:Society 13633:Driving 13560:Exports 13538:Tourism 13498:Banking 13476:Economy 13436:Parties 13280:Charter 13244:Sheriff 12691:Speaker 12559:Cabinet 12522:Federal 12430:Western 12395:Eastern 12390:Central 12385:Pacific 12345:Regions 12296:Islands 11779:History 11463:theater 11221:Suffren 11211:Luzerne 11129:Laurens 11099:Hancock 11084:Carroll 11003:Lincoln 10983:de Kalb 10973:Hopkins 10871:Germain 10861:Amherst 10800:Clinton 10761:British 10751:Leaders 10644:Georgia 10475:Cowpens 10420:Grenada 10370:Trenton 10317:battles 10296:Western 10151:Marines 10098:Battles 9528:Commons 9278:Insular 9255:Insular 9205:Wyoming 9181:Alaska 9176:Montana 9170:Arizona 9052:Florida 9040:Alabama 9012:Orleans 9006:Indiana 8446:Roanoke 8418:Georgia 8166:Alt URL 8054:Alt URL 7423:(ed.). 7369:(2011). 7359:(2000) 7144:Winks. 7131:2568604 6943:8928527 6755:Alt URL 6690:3186037 6237:, p. 88 6126:2117183 5881:2210989 5075:July 7, 4832:May 11, 4559:Patriot 4546:Bermuda 4503:Jamaica 4493:Bahamas 4489:Bermuda 4322:Warwick 4280:charter 4167:Quakers 4032:288,000 4028:15,000 4025:63,000 4019:21,000 3975:Slavery 3934:Swedish 3865:German 3804:African 3778:English 3618:75,058 3610:49,368 3602:25,734 3319:Tea Act 3194:In the 3111:assault 2891:sachem 2833:Puritan 2765:in the 2752:Walloon 2662:Roanoke 2614:James I 2426:Warwick 2420:Newport 2402:in 1636 2221:on the 2094:slavery 2052:Georgia 2010:); the 1979:as the 1947:on the 1869:Outline 1506:Regions 1437:Gay men 1214:Railway 1174:Slavery 970:Banking 964:Economy 320:• 307:• 294:• 281:• 268:• 255:• 244:England 238:• 225:• 212:• 199:• 186:• 173:History 148:(first) 127:Monarch 75:Anthem: 14427:Portal 14334:Hunger 14285:racism 14226:Issues 14100:Health 14002:Sports 13962:People 13807:Family 13778:wealth 13703:Cinema 13528:Mining 13513:Energy 13258:Cities 13226:County 13160:Tribal 12698:Senate 12542:powers 12438:rivers 12311:ranges 12279:states 12203:Postal 11355:Turtle 11179:French 11149:Revere 11144:Morris 11139:McKean 11104:Hanson 11028:Rodney 11023:Putnam 11008:Mercer 10963:Greene 10933:Arnold 10840:Rodney 10820:Graves 10810:Fraser 10720:Quebec 10465:Camden 10345:Quebec 10330:Boston 10315:Major 10256:Quebec 10251:Boston 10200:France 10101:Events 10018:Events 9827:Quebec 9211:Hawaii 9158:Dakota 9146:Nevada 9134:Kansas 9093:Oregon 8884:(1676) 8876:(1638) 8860:(1622) 8852:(1620) 8844:(1584) 8814:(1698) 8567:Quebec 8466:(1619) 8452:Popham 8232: 8222: 8201:329121 8199: 8189: 8128: 8092: 8067: 8045: 7997: 7974: 7951: 7925: 7899: 7874: 7835: 7812: 7786: 7767:Harper 7748: 7722: 7696: 7668: 7614: 7590: 7559: 7530: 7505: 7480:online 7453: 7431: 7405: 7383: 7361:online 7345: 7321: 7313: 7303: 7212: 7129: 7092: 6941: 6931: 6871: 6861: 6824:May 3, 6817: 6807: 6771:online 6748:May 3, 6731: 6688: 6678: 6650: 6571: 6544: 6534: 6507: 6482: 6457: 6432: 6409: 6354: 6297: 6272: 6163: 6140: 6132: 6124: 6087: 6016:, p. 8 5879: 5846: 5830: 5820: 5464: 5427: 5354:May 3, 5347: 5337: 5295: 5227:online 5212:(1988) 5186:(2012) 5129:May 3, 5122: 5112: 4985: 4975: 4950: 4942: 4877: 4867: 4812:, p. 9 4593:, and 4548:, and 4532:, the 4352:, and 4278:, and 4232:, the 4228:, the 4220:, the 4212:, the 4110:, and 4073:deists 4071:, and 4014:Total 3945:Other 3918:French 3911:Dutch 3903:Dutch 3834:German 3820:20.0% 3814:20.0% 3808:11.0% 3798:48.7% 3792:52.0% 3786:80.0% 3732:German 3594:4,246 3586:2,302 3513:, and 3473:Boston 3247:, the 3139:Madras 3062:Ulster 3003:Boston 2877:, and 2735:Lenape 2710:, and 2602:, and 2572:voided 2191: 2182: 2173: 2068:Canada 2062:, the 2050:, and 2026:, and 2006:, and 1901:Portal 1852:Cities 1834:Cities 1532:States 1461:Places 1228:Groups 1204:Lumber 1142:Fourth 1132:Second 942:Sports 927:Cinema 886:Topics 176: 163:(last) 130: 108:Status 77: 14413:Index 14238:Crime 14108:Aging 13925:Names 13920:Music 13908:radio 13888:Media 13718:Dance 13708:Crime 13543:Trade 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