528:
504:
713:
1184:
1226:
1145:
1071:
1021:
978:
924:
1110:
1547:
1265:
739:(1,900 kilograms (4,200 lb)), with hydraulical pumps. On 3 September the monument was turned by 21° with its front into the axis of the Großbeerenstraße, before on 25 October the monument was set to rest on the new socket building. The octagonal, 8-metre high (26 ft), crenellated bastion-like socket building is adorned with Silesian granite and sandstone covering the brick substructures. A northerly outside staircase provides the access to the elevated level. However, Strack's projected flight of stairs from the monument all the way down to Großbeerenstraße was again refused as too costly.
34:
1333:
1375:
1294:
1508:
1567:
4466:
1535:
1484:
1472:
496:
686:
1496:
448:
309:
1523:
697:(54.57 ft)) by buying an additional circular spread of 150 to 200 Prussian feet (47.08 to 62.77 m (154.5 to 205.9 ft)) around the monument, however, all rejected as too costly. The southerly adjacent land had meanwhile been bought by the Gericke brothers, who planned to develop the area and opened the amusement park Tivoli right south of the monument. On 6 August 1848 people gathered at the monument demonstrating for the
682:
however, at the inauguration only two of the statues had been installed, and two others were represented by plaster models painted like cast iron. On
December 27 altogether six statues had been installed, the other followed over time (two on 15 January 1823, one on 22 December 1823, another on 10 March 1825, on 17 June 1826 the last two. The monument's front side was directed northeastwards to the Hallesches Tor (Halle Gate).
807:
754:. On 14 December 1887 the city of Berlin acquired 8.5 hectares (21 acres) of unbuilt land from several owners, mostly north and west of the monument. Right adjacent to the south the brewery (merged into Schultheiss in 1891), and in the east and northeast villas remained. On 28 June 1888 the city parliament decided for City Garden Director
681:
The national monument is crowned by an Iron Cross. On the occasion of the inauguration the king renamed Götze'scher Berg into
Kreuzberg (i.e. cross mountain) after the Iron Cross topping the monument. The monument is adorned with twelve statues symbolising twelve major battles of the Liberation Wars,
594:
birthday. He commissioned
Schinkel to design the Iron Cross after a royal sketch. The Iron Cross was a decoration of a new kind, available for every soldier, who had turned from subjects of different estate status into citizens by the establishment of the Prussian citizenship in 1810, therefore there
386:
was distasteful to the monarch, who again and again delayed implementing his promise of 22 May 1815 to introduce a parliament and a constitution for the entire kingdom. Rather, the monarchs allied against
Napoleon subsequently granted themselves the right to suppress the rights previously granted to
848:
with its arms being of equal length but shorter than the width of their ends. Its twelve edges are each dedicated to one battle of the
Liberation Wars. The somewhat wider ends of the four arms are reserved for the four main battles with golden inscriptions. Each of the twelve outward edges bears an
781:
in front of the airport opens as a square, encircled by buildings of similar heights except for the taller central hall of the airport (mostly realised). The then planned axis consisting of a promenade and series of waterfalls cascading down the
Kreuzberg hill towards the square was never realised,
335:
commissioned to write it. Frederick
William III had rejected three alternative proposals by the philosophical class. This dedication may be considered problematic, inasmuch as it was not the king who had called his people, but the stubborn people, commoners, lower-ranking bureaucrats, military men,
1441:(both in 1818). The National Monument for the Liberation Wars, though built later than the others, was considered the mother of all other earlier memorials for the Liberation Wars, More monuments for the Liberation Wars topped by an Iron Cross, not always from cast iron, but sandstone followed in
797:
In
November 1958 the smashed southern edge of the socket octagon was reconstructed. Starting in 1979 the monument was renovated and reopened on 31 October 1986 before the 750th anniversary of the first mention of Berlin in 1987. It underwent a thorough restoration between 1995 and 2000. The brick
654:
all around beneath the eaves of the flat pyramidal roof. On 1 January 1822 the invalid Martin
Herborn moved in, employed to guard the monument. By the end of the 19th century a milk bar (Milchkuranstalt) moved in. The abandoned building was demolished in the 1950s, its site is now used by a ball
696:
On 1 December 1829 Frederick
William III asked Schinkel for proposals how to improve the visibility of the monument. Schinkel's ideas, a socket or an encircling structure were never realised. Schinkel had proposed to enlarge the tiny monument's plot (a radius of 53 Prussian feet; 16.634 m
339:
People who had earlier welcomed and benefited from Napoleon's reforms and who, like those in other nations had been inspired by his earlier "Republican" ideals of emancipating commoners as citizens, started to resist when he betrayed these ideals by making himself Emperor, levying burdensome
645:
and Schinkel. An iron cast memorial medal was issued on that occasion and the proceeds were used for war invalids. A bit northeast of the monument, deeper on the slope thus not blocking the view, a guard's house was erected after Schinkel's design in 1821. It was a brick structure in
556:), levied during its supremacy, which Prussia could mostly only raise by way of credit from various creditors, French and of other nations, heavily weighed as debts to be amortised and serviced on the budgets of municipalities, cities, states and other corporations until the 1870s.
789:
left behind a wake of devastation leading from one block north up the Großbeerenstraße, over the waterfall to the monument, blasting away the southern edge of the octagonal socket structure then used as a safe place for casts of various sculptures, such as the Quadriga of the
1720:
In the German original: "Der Koenig dem Volke | das auf seinen Ruf hochherzig | Gut und Blut dem Vater= | lande darbrachte den Gefal= | lenen zum Gedaechtniß den | Lebenden zur Anerken= | nung den künftigen Geschlech= | tern zur Nacheiferung". Cf. Michael Nungesser,
3252:, ed. on behalf of the Bezirksamt Kreuzberg von Berlin as catalogue of the exhibition „Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel“ in the Kunstamt Kreuzberg / Künstlerhaus Bethanien Berlin, between 25 April and 7 June 1987, Berlin: Arenhövel, 1987,
340:
compulsory contributions for his projects designed to aggrandize himself and his family, impoverishing not only his own people, but those of other nations, and above all bringing about the deaths of thousands in seemingly unending wars. At the same time the
746:, president of the royal police, decreed a maximum height of buildings in the adjacent streets to uphold the visibility of the monument. The ordinance, however, was annulled by the groundbreaking 1882 "Kreuzberg judgement" of the Prussian Royal
602:
20,646. After negotiations on 27 August 1818 the merchant Gottfried Wilhelm August Tietz, the farming burgher Johann Friedrich Götze and Christian Weimar (Weymann) sold the top of the Götze'scher Berg (today's Kreuzberg) measuring 1.5 Prussian
326:
to the People, which at his call magnanimously offered its wealth and blood for the Fatherland, to the Fallen in memoriam, to the Living with acknowledgement, to Future Generations for emulation." This dedication was authored by
344:, a measure against free trade, unfairly enforced favorable exchange rates of most European nations toward France while at the same time attempting to eliminate their far more profitable trade with Great Britain.
2706:
The casts were taken in 1942, survived the cracking of the socket building rather intact, so that the original Quadriga almost completely destroyed in the Second World War could be replaced by a replica cast in
387:
the citizens and to reverse all the reforms which had done away with feudalism. On 21 March 1819, Frederick William even forbade his subjects to address any further petitions for him to fulfill his promise. The
579:. Schinkel considered for his project to ask the magistrate (city government) of Berlin to build a memorial. So like jumping the ship also the initiative for a war memorial did not originate with the king.
543:
has been called the «relatively modest outcome of grandiose plans». This is because the monument resembles the spire top of an earlier project by Schinkel, a national memorial church with the working title
439:(people's monument on the Tempelhof hill, however, it was the king's monument, with statues displaying the faces of many royal siblings, and the hill had been renamed by the king into Kreuzberg in 1821).
623:
598:
On 26 June 1818 Schinkel commissioned the Royal Prussian Iron Foundry (Königlich Preußische Eisengießerei) to cast the pieces for the monument, including its statues. The foundry estimated costs of
3706:
347:
In 1813 the defeated and intimidated king, forced into a coalition with France since 1812, against the will of his people refused the risky attempt to shake off the French supremacy in the wake of
548:
designed in summer 1814, and a second draft in January 1815. However, like many other projects the memorial church never materialised due to lacking money. The compulsory contributions to France (
777:
building towards the monument so that the central hall's front on the forecourt of the airport and one edge of the monument's octagonal groundplan are parallel. As seen from the monument today's
1960:, edited on behalf of Berliner Festspiele as catalogue to the exhibition on Prussia between 15 May and 15 November 1981, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1981, (=Preußen; vol. 3), p. 80.
1092:
888:
The informations in the table follow Nungesser. The table starts with the genius shown on the front side, first seen when arriving on the monument platform, and then continues clockwise:
864:
had been commissioned to design and model each six statues. However, both were too busy and partially not in Berlin so that the creation of the statues was always on delay. Therefore,
853:
symbolising with their decoration and accessories the respective battle. The niches are in the actual structure of the monument tapering off to the top crowned again by an Iron Cross.
611:)) and an access road branching off from Methfesselstraße. On 4 September 1818 the king approved the stipulated price of thaler 1,100 and an additional 400 as compensation for
50:
5038:
827:
277:
and the reformers of the civic movement within Prussia. The monument is of cast iron, a technique en vogue at the time. Its younger socket brick building is faced with grey
3674:
675:
666:. The inauguration was attended by the royal family, the Prussian generality, the senior pastors of all Protestant congregations of Berlin, and as guests by Grand Duke
841:(Eisenkunstguss, Fer de Berlin) produced all the parts of the monument. Frederick William III popularised cast iron by using it himself for decoration and table ware.
1546:
868:
was additionally appointed to model some of the genii after Rauch's and Tieck's designs. As a guideline for the designs of the genii Schinkel recommended frescos by
2686:
690:
4994:
4190:
1507:
849:
inscription with the name and date of the battle topped by a little socket displaying an Iron Cross. Above each socket is a niche with the iron cast statue of a
3623:
460:
355:, commanding the Prussian units supporting the French, had declared their neutrality towards the Russians without royal accord. In early 1813 irregular units,
262:
3463:
3418:
3669:
1305:
Genia, laureated, in her left a scepter topped by an Iron Cross within a laurel wreath and with a Prussian eagle on top, in her right the quadriga of the
755:
3222:, Verein zur Erforschung und Darstellung der Geschichte Kreuzbergs and Bezirksmuseum Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (eds.), Berlin: Kreuzberg-Museum, 2007,
1915:, Eva Börsch-Supan, Helmut Börsch-Supan, Günther Kühne and Hella Reelfs, Stuttgart: Reclam, 1977, (=Reclams Kunstführer Deutschland; vol. 7), p. 301.
720:
Between 1857 and 1859 Tivoli brewery established on the site of the former amusement park south of the monument and its access from Methfesselstraße.
4818:
3664:
743:
3996:
3654:
2636:: 106 vols., Berlin: Heymann, 1877–1941, vol. 9 (2nd ed., 1887), Ludwig Jacobi, Wilhelm Jebens and Gottlieb von Meyeren (eds.), pp. 345seqq.
1609:
1703:"Gross gedacht und klein geraten: Berlins Kreuzbergdenkmal wurde deshalb zum eindrucksvollen Zeugnis deutscher und preußischer Geschichte", in:
3899:
3354:
3982:
3320:
832:
4507:
3485:
527:
503:
359:
lacking royal sanction, began to form, swearing their allegiance to the German Fatherland rather than to the king. On 7 February 1813 the
4183:
1208:
671:
5048:
5033:
3540:
3682:
794:. Also the villas northeast of the monument were destroyed. The casts were relocated from the open socket building in the late 1940s.
4975:
3535:
3435:
1247:
960:
372:
810:
A Greek cross resembling the groundplan of the monument with its arms being of equal length but shorter than the width of their ends
4024:
3545:
3430:
3423:
658:
For the inauguration of the monument Frederick William III chose the 30 March 1821, the seventh anniversary of the conquest of the
1603:, 1899 by Ferdinand Lepcke, replica on the Kreuzberg (meanwhile stolen), original preserved in the schoolyard of Leibniz-Gymnasium
4351:
3659:
3458:
3390:
3385:
1806:
1003:
4707:
4176:
3505:
4811:
4003:
3470:
1621:
1534:
3036:(1899 by Max Kruse), with its aluminum replica being located on street level at the foot of the Kreuzberg. The monuments of
1413:
Since early 1817 a series of, partially pyramidal, war monuments, each topped by an Iron Cross had been already realised in
4695:
3913:
3700:
3692:
3302:, Berlin: Haude & Spener, 1986, (=Berliner Kaleidoskop: Schriften zur Berliner Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte; vol. 32),
1596:, 1898 by Karl Pracht, aluminum replica on the Kreuzberg, marble original preserved in the schoolyard of Leibniz-Gymnasium
4957:
3609:
3571:
2683:
4633:
4522:
3347:
3288:, Bezirksamt Kreuzberg von Berlin / Hochbauamt and Untere Denkmalschutzbehörde (eds.), Berlin: no publ., 2000, no ISBN.
3209:, Bezirksamt Kreuzberg von Berlin / Hochbauamt and Untere Denkmalschutzbehörde (eds.), Berlin: no publ., 1998, no ISBN.
1160:
armour, with Berlin's coat of arms on his breast armour, his lance with sprouting laurel leaves rammed into the ground
475:, but also denoted by many other names in its history. Hundred years after the inauguration of the monument, the VIth
4087:
3948:
3864:
3581:
3307:
3279:
3257:
3242:
3227:
3200:
3185:
3168:
3136:
3111:
3086:
3061:
3020:
2995:
2970:
2945:
2920:
2895:
2870:
2840:
2799:
2774:
2749:
2724:
2661:
2620:
2590:
2565:
2540:
2512:
2487:
2446:
2414:
2386:
2361:
2309:
2277:
2249:
2201:
2176:
2151:
2119:
2089:
2064:
2039:
2014:
1989:
1965:
1944:
1920:
1899:
1874:
1846:
1790:
1762:
1734:
1691:
786:
5043:
4899:
4804:
4735:
4582:
4010:
3687:
3556:
3500:
2694:
1651:
There are more monuments in the park, but rather on street level, and not on the Kreuzberg, such as the well known
1644:
1054:
508:
323:
232:
215:
monument to the Prussian soldiers and other citizens who died in or else dedicated their health and wealth for the
1127:
4406:
3550:
3475:
3450:
1708:
1166:
815:
4557:
1639:(Gedenkstein 17. Juni 1953), set in August 1953 at the Homeland memorial cross, in honour of the victims of the
375:. The hesitant king could not stop this anymore, but was forced to enact it on March 17 in his address entitled
4562:
4542:
3989:
3048:(1899 by Ernst Wenck) were all destroyed in the Second World War and not reconstructed. Cf. Michael Nungesser,
1315:
591:
4931:
4238:
3728:
4401:
4356:
4331:
4287:
3617:
3340:
689:
View with the monument and the greyish-turquoise pyramidal roof of the guard's house (lower centre), 1829 by
568:
456:
412:
254:
2673:
In 1993 the brewery was closed and its compound is redeveloped as a residential area named Victoria Quarter.
1471:
1183:
989:
Genius in the armour of a Landwehr soldier, in his left a sword held in front of his breast, in his right a
4221:
4050:
3525:
3363:
3215:, Geschichtskreis im Wasserturm auf dem Tempelhofer Berg (ed.), Berlin: Bloch & Partner, 1986, no ISBN.
1309:, the recaptured war booty of the French, quadriga, wreath with cross and eagle not in iron, but in bronze
712:
332:
224:
4949:
4413:
3520:
1522:
1462:
1399:
647:
630:
399:
The ponderous officialese name evoked many alternative names developed for the monument. Other names are
352:
247:
4066:
3400:
582:
On 17 March 1813, when the king had jumped on the bandwagon for the liberation wars, he established the
4532:
3530:
3440:
769:
The monument was included in the Nazi plans for rebuilding Berlin, but only preparations materialised.
383:
220:
3045:
1061:
319:
4517:
4490:
4440:
4275:
4044:
3510:
3495:
3410:
1225:
1144:
1070:
1020:
977:
923:
861:
819:
367:) of 20,000 men, plus 10,000 in reserve, out of their funds, following a proposal designed by Yorck,
348:
4465:
3405:
1807:"Aus den Zeiten der schweren Noth. Nr. 8. Der Landtag zu Königsberg und die Errichtung der Landwehr"
1109:
388:
274:
4763:
4664:
4597:
4502:
4080:
3883:
3843:
3445:
1483:
732:
702:
289:
270:
250:
and an expression of the post-Napoleonic poverty and material sobriety in the liberated countries.
1495:
1323:
4887:
4827:
4567:
3975:
3734:
3566:
3561:
1613:
1270:
Youthful genius in ancient Greek armour with a lance and a shield with the Prussian coat of arms
1264:
865:
540:
516:
239:
216:
103:
4386:
1135:
778:
4913:
4577:
4371:
3801:
3576:
3324:
1284:
1255:
1194:
1095:, killed in that battle, brother-in-law of William (1783–1851), according to different sources
857:
724:
698:
663:
642:
612:
208:
4730:
4643:
4607:
3836:
3638:
3160:
1357:
838:
638:
576:
293:
4495:
798:
building of an abandoned public toilet was refurbished and opened in 2011 as a little café.
403:(i.e. national monument in memory of the liberation/liberty wars, a more extended version),
4871:
4720:
4715:
4547:
4537:
4450:
4228:
4017:
3515:
3037:
1365:
1276:
747:
728:
667:
1600:
431:(i.e. Schinkel monument, however, it is not a monument of Schinkel, but one by Schinkel),
8:
4773:
4527:
4147:
3955:
3794:
3628:
3480:
1593:
968:
873:
705:
as regent of the to-be-unified Empire, flagging the monument with the union tricolour of
583:
297:
4592:
3927:
3207:
Denk mal Kreuzberg! Ein Architekturführer der kommunalen Baudenkmale im Bezirk Kreuzberg
2812:
Denk mal Kreuzberg! Ein Architekturführer der kommunalen Baudenkmale im Bezirk Kreuzberg
33:
4919:
4847:
4445:
4430:
4292:
4270:
4153:
3941:
3780:
3041:
1174:
1100:
850:
560:
476:
341:
266:
236:
4653:
4297:
1332:
4905:
4758:
4638:
4602:
4336:
4141:
4059:
4035:
3934:
3892:
3815:
3395:
3332:
3303:
3275:
3253:
3238:
3223:
3213:
Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
3196:
3181:
3164:
3132:
3107:
3082:
3057:
3016:
2991:
2966:
2941:
2916:
2891:
2866:
2836:
2795:
2770:
2745:
2720:
2657:
2616:
2586:
2561:
2536:
2508:
2483:
2442:
2410:
2382:
2357:
2305:
2273:
2245:
2197:
2172:
2147:
2115:
2085:
2060:
2035:
2010:
1985:
1961:
1940:
1916:
1895:
1870:
1842:
1786:
1758:
1730:
1687:
1438:
1422:
1374:
1293:
914:
774:
4617:
4552:
4319:
4455:
4314:
4265:
4243:
4073:
3722:
3490:
1345:
1306:
943:, his left resting on a shield with the coats of arms of the three allies Prussia,
791:
622:
553:
512:
360:
4925:
4853:
3966:
3773:
1566:
735:
carried out the plans. On 29 August 1878 he elevated the monument, weighing 3,800
4725:
4685:
4675:
4648:
4587:
4485:
4418:
4396:
4094:
3920:
3822:
3237:(1969), Berlin: Haude & Spener, 1979, (=Berlinische Reminiszenzen; vol. 26),
2690:
1811:
1387:
944:
869:
751:
599:
549:
285:
228:
180:
4302:
4168:
3857:
619:)), remained property of Götze, Tietz and Weimar. The king confirmed the price.
296:
of 60 Prussian feet (18.83 m (61.8 ft)), resembling the spire tops of
4909:
4875:
4859:
4690:
4381:
4309:
4253:
4216:
3808:
3787:
3220:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
3125:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
3100:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
3075:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
2738:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
2713:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
1911:
In the German original «relativ bescheidene Ergebnis grandioser Planungen» cf.
1430:
1216:
1011:
948:
770:
706:
572:
564:
204:
4670:
1402:, elevated Count of Wartenburg, where he crossed the Elbe by a pontoon bridge
273:. The monument was conceived at a time of deteriorating relations between the
5027:
5009:
4996:
4980:
4783:
4778:
4512:
4480:
4435:
4391:
4366:
4361:
4248:
3875:
3850:
3740:
3159:: 22 vols., revis. and ext. new ed. by Dehio-Vereinigung, Berlin and Munich:
3033:
2684:"A multifaceted monument - the complex heritage of Tempelhof Central Airport"
1660:
1201:, on the vertical hem of the tunica miniatures of all the other eleven genii
990:
411:(i.e. Kreuzberg monument, however, there are at least five more monuments on
328:
200:
65:
52:
2459:
Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
2214:
Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
1516:(in Oldenburg was never part of Prussia, but influence in design is visible)
1414:
4881:
4680:
4612:
4376:
4233:
1656:
1626:
1574:
1198:
818:
Schinkel's design in Gothic Revival style prevailed over another in rather
759:
651:
464:
416:
363:
unanimously voted for financing, recruiting, and equipping a militia army (
318:
On the eastern side of the monument under the memorial inscription for the
258:
188:
113:
4796:
1663:(1899 by Max Kruse, aluminum replica) or the monument to the raped women.
1348:
armour, striding forwards, in his left a laurel branch, his right erected
731:, in personal union also German Emperor, ordered its realisation in 1878.
4893:
4768:
4753:
4423:
4341:
4326:
4260:
4108:
3829:
3156:
2708:
1041:
1037:
845:
634:
608:
495:
1958:
Preußen: Zur Sozialgeschichte eines Staates; eine Darstellung in Quellen
1197:
as the fruit of this last battle, her right lifted, her left holding an
685:
4841:
4658:
4346:
4282:
2632:
Cf. details on the suit "M. vs royal police department in Berlin", in:
1630:
1442:
659:
604:
587:
559:
Already in late 1813 other projects for monuments had been launched by
520:
468:
447:
368:
308:
3267:, Bezirksamt Kreuzberg von Berlin (ed.), Berlin: Arani, 1965, no ISBN.
1434:
951:(l.t.r.), his right pointing to the coats of arms of the three allies
401:
Nationaldenkmal zur Erinnerung an die Befreiungskriege/Freiheitskriege
4740:
4101:
1640:
1553:
1418:
1157:
823:
763:
674:, as well as by thousands of other spectators. Court preacher Bishop
484:
471:, became name-giving for the hill it stands on, before mostly called
382:
However, this civic act of initiating Prussia's participation in the
356:
243:
123:
85:
3906:
3175:
1513:
1454:
1408:
1033:
3286:
Stadt_Raum Kreuzberg: Kunst- und Sonderobjekte im städtischen Raum
1386:
Genius in ancient Greek armour, stepping into a bark as part of a
455:
The monument is located on the 66-metre high (217 ft) top of
3321:"Nationaldenkmal für die Befreiungskriege & Kreuzbergdenkmal"
3295:, Mieterrat Chamissoplatz (ed.), Berlin: no publ., 1994, no ISBN.
1458:
1446:
1426:
1121:
Genius in ancient Greek armour with a laurel wreath in his hands
940:
877:
736:
281:
278:
212:
196:
93:
3151:
Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Michael Bollé, Ralph Paschke et al.,
1678:
Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Michael Bollé, Ralph Paschke et al.,
1082:
Genius in ancient Greek armour with a sword and a laurel wreath
1040:, leaning with his left on the club, resting on the head of the
336:
and members of the nobility who had stolen a march on the king.
4200:
1450:
936:
750:, stating that the police had exceeded its authority to ensure
709:, much opposed by the various Prussian nationalist formations.
192:
89:
3386:
Ludwig van Beethoven, Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
806:
615:. The adjacent land, measuring 72 Morgen (18.38 ha (45.4
4208:
1586:
1238:
1190:
727:
proposed a socket building to elevate the monument, and King
532:
467:
was laid out around the monument. The monument, topped by an
2901:
423:(war monument on the Kreuzberg, somewhat indifferentiated),
3326:
Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment
616:
3274:, Berlin: Haude & Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, 2002,
3195:, Berlin: Haude & Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, 2003,
1577:, 1896, however, not on, but at the foot of the Kreuzberg.
3250:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
3050:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2984:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2959:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2934:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2909:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2884:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2859:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2829:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2788:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2763:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2650:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2609:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2579:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2529:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2501:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2465:
for bibliographical details, pp. 13 and 15. No ISBN.
2435:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2403:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2375:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2350:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2298:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2266:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2238:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2190:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2165:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2140:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2108:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2078:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2053:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2028:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2003:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1978:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1933:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1863:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1835:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1779:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1751:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1723:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1066:
2 May 1813, with the king's dedication inscription below
637:
for 19 September 1818, attended - among others - by Tzar
2951:
2571:
2493:
2157:
2045:
479:, established on 1 October 1920 and provisionally named
451:
Map with the National Monument within the Victoria Park
3624:
Memorial to the First Homosexual Emancipation Movement
3362:
3180:(1977), Ostfildern/Kemnat and Munich: Baedeker, 1988,
2634:
Entscheidungen des Königlichen Oberverwaltungsgerichts
2452:
2320:
2318:
626:
The Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
391:
prevailed against the patriotic zeal of the populace.
2915:
for bibliographical details, pp. 48, 55 and 58.
1629:; August 1952), a 8-metre tall (26 ft) cross of
814:
It is said that due to the influence of Crown Prince
5039:
Buildings and structures in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
3191:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
2853:
2851:
2849:
2644:
2642:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2552:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
2523:
2521:
2474:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2397:
2395:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2260:
2258:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2182:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2102:
2100:
2098:
782:
the interjacent block of houses remained untouched.
185:
Preußisches Nationaldenkmal für die Befreiungskriege
4862:(1821–1825) (co-autorship with Johann Peter Cremer)
2693:, Master of Arts thesis in World Heritage Studies,
2315:
2288:
2286:
2207:
1956:Peter Brandt in collaboration with Thomas Hofmann,
1857:
1855:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1773:
1771:
1745:
1743:
1680:
Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler / Georg Dehio
1561:
1044:, looking onto the laurel wreath held in his right
4866:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
4573:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
3634:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
2296:, 31 March 1821, reprinted in: Michael Nungesser,
1130:, elevated to Prince of Wahlstatt, as a young man
177:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
4198:
3193:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2976:
2965:for bibliographical details, pp. 27 and 77.
2926:
2876:
2846:
2821:
2755:
2639:
2596:
2585:for bibliographical details, pp. 73 and 75.
2554:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2518:
2507:for bibliographical details, pp. 70 and 73.
2476:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2420:
2392:
2367:
2335:
2332:for bibliographical details, p. 19. No ISBN.
2255:
2223:
2220:for bibliographical details, p. 13. No ISBN.
2171:for bibliographical details, pp. 39 and 52.
2125:
2095:
2070:
2059:for bibliographical details, pp. 22 and 29.
2020:
1995:
1970:
1925:
507:Berlin, Medal 1818 of Alexander I of Russia, and
5025:
3997:Athena Teaches the Young Man How to Use a Weapon
3293:Am Berg gebaut – Über hundert Jahre Chamissokiez
3265:Kreuzberg: Ein Berliner Bezirk gestern und heute
3032:A third surviving monument of a poet is that of
2818:for bibliographical details, p. 21. No ISBN
2780:
2326:Kreuzberg: Ein Berliner Bezirk gestern und heute
2283:
1852:
1818:
1768:
1740:
1409:Other Prussian Monuments for the Liberation Wars
235:initiated its construction and commissioned the
3117:
3092:
3067:
2730:
1801:
1799:
595:were no status barriers to get the Iron Cross.
3900:Die Humpty-Dumpty-Maschine der totalen Zukunft
1540:Drachenfels, Monument for the Liberations Wars
1241:, stabbing a dragon cranking beneath his feet
4812:
4184:
3983:Athena Leads the Young Warrior into the Fight
3348:
3001:
2546:
2196:for bibliographical details, pp. 39seq.
1672:
1589:of "poets and singers of German patriotism".
331:, a member of the philosophical class of the
2805:
2695:Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus
2468:
1880:
1796:
4826:
822:. The monument was decided to be made from
672:Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)
284:and was designed by the Prussian architect
4819:
4805:
4191:
4177:
3355:
3341:
2560:for bibliographical details, p. 332.
2304:for bibliographical details, p. 124.
1686:for bibliographical details, p. 267.
1633:wood with a crown of thorns of barbed wire
1612:(1892–1898 lord mayor of Berlin), 1904 by
1175:Battle of La Belle Alliance (aka Waterloo)
32:
4976:Statue of Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Berlin
3131:for bibliographical details, p. 65.
3106:for bibliographical details, p. 64.
3081:for bibliographical details, p. 67.
3056:for bibliographical details, p. 92.
3015:for bibliographical details, p. 23.
2990:for bibliographical details, p. 77.
2940:for bibliographical details, p. 48.
2890:for bibliographical details, p. 66.
2865:for bibliographical details, p. 28.
2835:for bibliographical details, p. 27.
2769:for bibliographical details, p. 95.
2744:for bibliographical details, p. 29.
2719:for bibliographical details, p. 28.
2656:for bibliographical details, p. 87.
2615:for bibliographical details, p. 75.
2535:for bibliographical details, p. 82.
2482:for bibliographical details, p. 28.
2441:for bibliographical details, p. 73.
2409:for bibliographical details, p. 68.
2381:for bibliographical details, p. 55.
2356:for bibliographical details, p. 52.
2272:for bibliographical details, p. 41.
2244:for bibliographical details, p. 51.
2146:for bibliographical details, p. 38.
2114:for bibliographical details, p. 46.
2084:for bibliographical details, p. 30.
2034:for bibliographical details, p. 25.
2009:for bibliographical details, p. 26.
1984:for bibliographical details, p. 24.
1939:for bibliographical details, p. 22.
1894:for bibliographical details, p. 21.
1869:for bibliographical details, p. 29.
1841:for bibliographical details, p. 21.
1785:for bibliographical details, p. 20.
1757:for bibliographical details, p. 50.
1729:for bibliographical details, p. 48.
535:of the planned Berlin-Kreuzberg monument.
242:who made it an important piece of art in
20:National Monument for the Liberation Wars
4025:Nike Instructs the Boy in Heroic History
3670:Polish soldiers and German anti-Fascists
2794:for bibliographical details, p. 7.
1815:(1863), Heft 3-4, pp. 44–56, here p. 44.
1616:, with the pertaining bust lost in WW II
1565:
1311:
1272:
1243:
1203:
1162:
1123:
805:
711:
684:
621:
526:
502:
499:Schinkel's sketch for a memorial church.
494:
446:
307:
26:Nationaldenkmal für die Befreiungskriege
4352:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
766:between monument and Großbeerenstraße.
5026:
3375:
1581:Other monuments on the Kreuzberg are:
437:Volksdenkmal auf dem Tempelhofer Berge
288:and realised by the Prussian engineer
4800:
4172:
4130:
4004:Iris Takes the Fallen Hero to Olympus
3761:
3598:
3374:
3336:
3272:Lexikon der Berliner Stadtentwicklung
3153:Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler
1625:(Mahnmal für die ostdeutsche Heimat,
1101:Battle at the Katzbach near Wahlstatt
883:
3655:Homosexuals persecuted under Fascism
1556:), Monument for the Liberations Wars
844:The groundplan of the monument is a
531:The reverse of this medal showing a
515:for the monument to commemorate the
394:
3599:
1637:Memorial stone for the 17 June 1953
1062:Battle of Großgörschen (aka Lützen)
419:, which covers most of that hill),
320:Battle of Großgörschen (aka Lützen)
13:
3431:Frederick William I of Brandenburg
3364:Public art and memorials in Berlin
1093:Landgrave Leopold of Hesse-Homburg
217:Liberation Wars (Befreiungskriege)
199:, dedicated in 1821. Built by the
14:
5060:
5049:Karl Friedrich Schinkel buildings
5034:Monuments and memorials in Berlin
4088:Hercules and the Erymanthian Boar
3949:Prometheus Bound and the Oceanids
3865:Tilted Donut Wedge with Two Balls
3665:Murdered members of the Reichstag
3314:
1913:Berlin: Kunstdenkmäler und Museen
1528:Krefeld, monument (8 August 1852)
1006:, elevated to Count of Dennewitz
135:+ 8 m (26 ft) of socket
4736:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
4634:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial
4464:
4011:Nike Assists the Wounded Warrior
3707:Victims of "euthanasia" killings
3701:Trains to Life – Trains to Death
3541:Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin
2292:Report on the inauguration, in:
1645:Uprising of 1953 in East Germany
1562:Other monuments on the Kreuzberg
1545:
1533:
1521:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1373:
1331:
1292:
1263:
1237:Genius in old German armour and
1224:
1182:
1143:
1108:
1069:
1019:
976:
922:
607:(2,839.83 m (30,567.7
509:Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia
421:Kriegsdenkmal auf dem Kreuzberge
292:. Its centerpiece is a tapering
233:Frederick William III of Prussia
225:Seventh Coalition against France
4896:(1832–1836; demolished in 1962)
3762:
3436:Frederick William IV of Prussia
3178:Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer
3128:
3103:
3078:
3053:
3026:
3012:
2987:
2962:
2937:
2912:
2887:
2862:
2832:
2815:
2791:
2766:
2741:
2716:
2700:
2676:
2667:
2653:
2626:
2612:
2582:
2557:
2532:
2504:
2479:
2462:
2438:
2406:
2378:
2353:
2329:
2301:
2269:
2241:
2217:
2193:
2168:
2143:
2111:
2081:
2056:
2031:
2006:
1981:
1950:
1936:
1905:
1891:
1866:
1838:
1782:
1754:
1726:
1709:Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz
1683:
1477:Dennewitz, monument by Schinkel
511:laying the foundation stone in
253:The monument is located on the
167:
4543:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
3990:Athena Protects the Young Hero
3546:Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz
3441:August Neidhardt von Gneisenau
1714:
1697:
1390:, waiving the Prussian banner
590:, backdated to March 10, late
322:there is the dedication: "The
1:
4900:St. Nicholas' Church, Potsdam
4357:Monument to Freedom and Unity
4288:Deutsches Historisches Museum
3618:Monument to Freedom and Unity
3401:Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
3391:Christian Peter Wilhelm Beuth
3145:
1711:(ed.), No. 1/2 (1997), p. 30.
1433:(all in 1817), as well as in
1167:Prince Frederick William (IV)
1128:Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
890:
569:Johann Heinrich von Dannecker
303:
246:, his last piece of Romantic
4558:Museum Europäischer Kulturen
3914:Hercules and the Nemean Lion
3506:Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
3329:, retrieved on 5 March 2012.
1398:
1395:
1392:
1385:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1343:
1322:
1314:
1304:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1254:
1246:
1236:
1215:
1206:
1188:
1173:
1165:
1155:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1099:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1031:
1010:
1001:
998:
995:
988:
967:
959:
956:
953:
934:
915:Battle of Nations at Leipzig
913:
872:in the audience hall of the
552:41.73 million alone by the
465:Victoria Park (Viktoriapark)
463:. Between 1888 and 1894 the
407:(i.e. liberation monument),
349:Napoleon's defeats in Russia
333:Prussian Academy of Sciences
7:
4950:Gothic Cathedral by a River
4932:Kamieniec Ząbkowicki Palace
4131:
3729:Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer
3660:The murdered Jews of Europe
3577:Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg
3406:Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow
3044:(1899 by Hans Latt) and of
2711:in 1957. Cf. Rike Fischer,
1004:Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow
828:Royal Prussian Iron Foundry
633:arranged the laying of the
631:Duke Charles of Mecklenburg
442:
133:18.83 m (61.8 ft)
10:
5065:
4922:(1836–1842) (co-autorship)
4533:Haus der Kulturen der Welt
3486:Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau
3476:James Francis Edward Keith
3446:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
3040:(1899 by Alfred Reichel),
1552:Wolfshagen (a locality of
1363:
1360:, Tsar of all the Russias
1321:
1282:
1253:
1248:Prince William (1783–1851)
1214:
1172:
1133:
1098:
1059:
1036:, wearing the hide of the
1009:
966:
961:Prince William (1783–1851)
912:
716:Strack's outside staircase
678:held an inaugural prayer.
490:
384:War of the Sixth Coalition
5010:52.4876611°N 13.3814639°E
4968:
4941:
4908:(1833–1841, concluded by
4902:(1839–1837; central plan)
4834:
4749:
4706:
4626:
4473:
4462:
4207:
4137:
4126:
4045:Altgermanische Wisentjagd
4034:
3965:
3874:
3768:
3757:
3715:
3647:
3605:
3594:
3572:Hans Karl von Winterfeldt
3381:
3370:
3300:Spaziergänge in Kreuzberg
3009:Spaziergänge in Kreuzberg
1888:Spaziergänge in Kreuzberg
908:
899:
896:
893:
862:Christian Friedrich Tieck
801:
676:Rulemann Friedrich Eylert
435:(i.e. victory monument),
219:fought at the end of the
163:
155:
147:
139:
129:
119:
109:
99:
81:
66:52.4876778°N 13.3814972°E
47:
43:
31:
24:
4958:Medieval City on a River
4518:Freie Universität Berlin
4503:Berlin Zoological Garden
4407:Vorderasiatisches Museum
4081:Hasenhatz zur Rokokozeit
4067:Churfürstliche Fuchsjagd
3491:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
3235:Kreuzberger Impressionen
3163:, 2000, vol. 8: Berlin,
2697:, 2007 (pdf), pp. 23-24.
1666:
1372:
1330:
1291:
1262:
1223:
1181:
1142:
1107:
1068:
1018:
975:
935:Genius in ancient Greek
921:
905:
902:
733:Johann Wilhelm Schwedler
703:Archduke John of Austria
290:Johann Wilhelm Schwedler
271:Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
5044:Prussian cultural sites
4888:Friedrichswerder Church
4828:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
4199:Visitor attractions in
3976:Athena Arms the Warrior
3735:The Parliament of Trees
3582:Hans Joachim von Zieten
3536:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
3526:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
3455:Alexander von Humboldt
2294:Berlinische Nachrichten
1622:eastern German Homeland
1211:, daughter of the king
1032:Genius in the shape of
866:Ludwig Wilhelm Wichmann
541:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
248:Neo-Gothic architecture
240:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
104:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
5015:52.4876611; 13.3814639
4914:Johann Heinrich Strack
4578:Schloss Charlottenburg
4563:Natural History Museum
4441:St. Hedwig's Cathedral
3675:Sinti and Roma victims
1578:
1501:Großgörschen, monument
1256:Battle of Bar-sur-Aube
1250:, brother of the king
963:, brother of the king
858:Christian Daniel Rauch
816:Frederick William (IV)
811:
725:Johann Heinrich Strack
717:
701:, rendering homage to
699:unification of Germany
693:
643:Christian Daniel Rauch
627:
536:
524:
500:
487:on 27 September 1921.
452:
315:
209:Unification of Germany
184:
71:52.4876778; 13.3814972
4644:German-Russian Museum
4402:Museum of Islamic Art
3837:Memoria Urbana Berlin
3679:Soviet war memorials
3451:Hermann von Helmholtz
3263:Walther Oschilewski,
3161:Deutscher Kunstverlag
2324:Walther Oschilewski,
1569:
1324:Battle of La Rothière
1055:Frederick William III
839:Berlin Iron Jewellery
809:
715:
688:
625:
577:Friedrich Weinbrenner
530:
506:
498:
450:
361:East Prussian estates
311:
227:in the course of the
4872:Charlottenhof Palace
4716:Charlottenhof Palace
4548:Kaufhaus des Westens
4451:Topography of Terror
4387:Oranienburger Straße
4239:Berlin Wall Memorial
4229:Alte Nationalgalerie
4018:Nike Crowns the Hero
3610:International Stele
3501:Eilhard Mitscherlich
3471:Wilhelm von Humboldt
3415:Frederick the Great
3298:Klaus-Dieter Wille,
3038:Max von Schenkendorf
3007:Klaus-Dieter Wille,
2682:See Christine Heeb,
1886:Klaus-Dieter Wille,
1489:Großbeeren, monument
1366:Battle of Wartenburg
1136:Battle of Großbeeren
993:held above his head
779:Platz der Luftbrücke
748:administrative court
729:William I of Prussia
648:Gothic Revival style
461:Tempelhofer Vorstadt
313:Der Koenig dem Volke
263:Tempelhofer Vorstadt
211:it is the principal
148:Completion date
5006: /
4835:Architectural works
4774:Transport in Berlin
4731:Potsdam Roman Baths
4708:Metropolitan region
4696:Soviet War Memorial
4583:Soviet War Memorial
4332:Humboldt University
3795:Borghese Gladiators
3248:Michael Nungesser,
2982:Michael Nungesser,
2957:Michael Nungesser,
2932:Michael Nungesser,
2907:Michael Nungesser,
2882:Michael Nungesser,
2857:Michael Nungesser,
2827:Michael Nungesser,
2786:Michael Nungesser,
2761:Michael Nungesser,
2648:Michael Nungesser,
2607:Michael Nungesser,
2577:Michael Nungesser,
2527:Michael Nungesser,
2499:Michael Nungesser,
2433:Michael Nungesser,
2401:Michael Nungesser,
2373:Michael Nungesser,
2348:Michael Nungesser,
2264:Michael Nungesser,
2236:Michael Nungesser,
2188:Michael Nungesser,
2163:Michael Nungesser,
2138:Michael Nungesser,
2106:Michael Nungesser,
2076:Michael Nungesser,
2051:Michael Nungesser,
2026:Michael Nungesser,
2001:Michael Nungesser,
1976:Michael Nungesser,
1931:Michael Nungesser,
1861:Michael Nungesser,
1833:Michael Nungesser,
1777:Michael Nungesser,
1749:Michael Nungesser,
1643:suppression of the
1594:Heinrich von Kleist
1156:Youthful genius in
969:Battle of Dennewitz
874:Collegio del Cambio
837:, renowned for its
584:military decoration
483:, was renamed into
223:and in that of the
140:Beginning date
62: /
21:
4920:Stolzenfels Castle
4874:(1826–1829) (with
4848:Konzerthaus Berlin
4523:Gas Lantern Museum
4496:Bundespräsidialamt
4414:Platz der Republik
4271:Checkpoint Charlie
4154:United Buddy Bears
3942:Mercury and Psyche
3531:Friedrich Schiller
3376:Portrait sculpture
3042:Ernst Moritz Arndt
2689:2011-07-19 at the
1579:
1279:, son of the king
1277:Prince William (I)
1193:, symbolising the
1169:, son of the king
939:, crowned with an
884:Table of the genii
812:
718:
694:
668:Nicholas of Russia
628:
561:Ernst Moritz Arndt
537:
533:medallic sculpture
525:
517:Wars of Liberation
501:
453:
379:("To My People").
316:
265:, a region within
19:
16:Monument in Berlin
4989:
4988:
4906:Babelsberg Palace
4794:
4793:
4639:East Side Gallery
4598:Tempelhof Airport
4508:Botanical Gardens
4446:Staatsoper Berlin
4337:Kronprinzenpalais
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4142:East Side Gallery
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4052:Amazone zu Pferde
3893:Centaur and Nymph
3885:Amazone zu Pferde
3816:Indischer Brunnen
3753:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3683:Schönholzer Heide
3590:
3589:
3521:Albrecht von Roon
3496:Wilhelm Leuschner
3396:Otto von Bismarck
3270:Herbert Schwenk,
1805:Ferdinand Pflug,
1620:Memorial for the
1601:Friedrich Rückert
1439:La Belle Alliance
1406:
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1260:27 February 1814
1234:
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1079:
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986:
973:6 September 1813
932:
775:Tempelhof Airport
477:borough of Berlin
425:National-Monument
405:Befreiungsdenkmal
395:Alternative names
221:Wars of the Sixth
173:
172:
168:People of Prussia
164:Dedicated to
156:Opening date
143:19 September 1818
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4315:Hackescher Markt
4266:Brandenburg Gate
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4054:(Louis Tuaillon)
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909:Face resembling
891:
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820:classicist forms
792:Brandenburg Gate
635:foundation stone
554:Treaty of Tilsit
539:The monument by
513:Berlin-Kreuzberg
473:Tempelhofer Berg
409:Kreuzbergdenkmal
267:Berlin's borough
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4588:Spandau Citadel
4491:Bellevue Palace
4486:Aquarium Berlin
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4397:Pergamon Museum
4298:Friedrichstraße
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3612:Always Remember
3601:
3600:Other memorials
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3511:Theodor Mommsen
3411:Theodor Fontane
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787:British bombing
756:Hermann Mächtig
752:public security
744:Guido von Madai
664:Battle of Paris
650:adorned with a
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429:Schinkeldenkmal
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286:Heinrich Strack
229:Napoleonic Wars
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3639:Victory Column
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3567:Richard Wagner
3564:
3562:Rudolf Virchow
3559:
3557:Albrecht Thaer
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3316:
3315:External links
3313:
3312:
3311:
3296:
3291:Lothar Uebel,
3289:
3283:
3268:
3261:
3246:
3233:Ilse Nicolas,
3231:
3218:Rike Fischer,
3216:
3210:
3204:
3189:
3172:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3129:see references
3123:Rike Fischer,
3116:
3104:see references
3098:Rike Fischer,
3091:
3079:see references
3073:Rike Fischer,
3066:
3054:see references
3046:Theodor Körner
3025:
3013:see references
3000:
2988:see references
2975:
2963:see references
2950:
2938:see references
2925:
2913:see references
2900:
2888:see references
2875:
2863:see references
2845:
2833:see references
2820:
2816:see references
2804:
2792:see references
2779:
2767:see references
2754:
2742:see references
2736:Rike Fischer,
2729:
2717:see references
2699:
2675:
2666:
2654:see references
2638:
2625:
2613:see references
2595:
2583:see references
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2558:see references
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2533:see references
2517:
2505:see references
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2480:see references
2467:
2463:see references
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2439:see references
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2379:see references
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2354:see references
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2302:see references
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2222:
2218:see references
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2194:see references
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2112:see references
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2082:see references
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2057:see references
2044:
2032:see references
2019:
2007:see references
1994:
1982:see references
1969:
1949:
1937:see references
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1892:see references
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1867:see references
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1839:see references
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1329:
1320:
1319:
1318:, the consort
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1310:
1303:
1290:
1289:30 March 1814
1281:
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1217:Battle of Laon
1213:
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1195:Peace of Paris
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1012:Battle of Culm
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771:Ernst Sagebiel
762:, including a
758:'s design for
707:Black-Red-Gold
655:playing cage.
592:Queen Louise's
573:Leo von Klenze
565:Karl Sieveking
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481:Hallesches Tor
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5019:
5001:13°22′53.27″E
4998:52°29′15.58″N
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4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4538:Jewish Museum
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:Europa-Center
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:Allied Museum
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Rotes Rathaus
4434:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:Pariser Platz
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:Neue Synagoge
4370:
4368:
4367:Neptunbrunnen
4365:
4363:
4362:Museum Island
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4249:Berlin Palace
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4194:
4189:
4187:
4182:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4129:
4125:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3967:Schlossbrücke
3964:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:(August Kiss)
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3876:Museum Island
3873:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3851:Neptunbrunnen
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3774:Arc de 124,5°
3771:
3770:
3767:
3760:
3756:
3742:
3741:White Crosses
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:Nazism · WWII
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3551:Joseph Stalin
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3309:
3308:3-7759-0287-2
3305:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3280:3-7759-0472-7
3277:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:3-922912-19-2
3255:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:3-7759-0205-8
3240:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:3-935810-07-5
3225:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3201:3-7759-0474-3
3198:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:3-87954-091-8
3183:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:3-422-03071-9
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3138:
3137:3-935810-07-5
3134:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3113:
3112:3-935810-07-5
3109:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3087:3-935810-07-5
3084:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3063:
3062:3-922912-19-2
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3034:Ludwig Uhland
3029:
3022:
3021:3-7759-0287-2
3018:
3014:
3010:
3004:
2997:
2996:3-922912-19-2
2993:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2972:
2971:3-922912-19-2
2968:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2947:
2946:3-922912-19-2
2943:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2922:
2921:3-922912-19-2
2918:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2897:
2896:3-922912-19-2
2893:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2872:
2871:3-922912-19-2
2868:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2842:
2841:3-922912-19-2
2838:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2800:3-922912-19-2
2797:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2776:
2775:3-922912-19-2
2772:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2751:
2750:3-935810-07-5
2747:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2726:
2725:3-935810-07-5
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2670:
2663:
2662:3-922912-19-2
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2635:
2629:
2622:
2621:3-922912-19-2
2618:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2591:3-922912-19-2
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2567:
2566:3-7759-0474-3
2563:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2541:3-922912-19-2
2538:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2513:3-922912-19-2
2510:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2489:
2488:3-7759-0474-3
2485:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2448:
2447:3-922912-19-2
2444:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2416:
2415:3-922912-19-2
2412:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2388:
2387:3-922912-19-2
2384:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2362:3-922912-19-2
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2311:
2310:3-922912-19-2
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2278:3-922912-19-2
2275:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2250:3-922912-19-2
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2203:
2202:3-922912-19-2
2199:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2177:3-922912-19-2
2174:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2152:3-922912-19-2
2149:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2120:3-922912-19-2
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2090:3-922912-19-2
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2066:
2065:3-922912-19-2
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2040:3-922912-19-2
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2015:3-922912-19-2
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1990:3-922912-19-2
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1966:3-499-34003-8
1963:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1945:3-922912-19-2
1942:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1921:3-15-010265-0
1918:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1900:3-7759-0287-2
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1876:
1875:3-922912-19-2
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1847:3-922912-19-2
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1791:3-922912-19-2
1788:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1763:3-922912-19-2
1760:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1735:3-922912-19-2
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1692:3-422-03071-9
1689:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1661:Ludwig Uhland
1659:), a herm to
1658:
1654:
1653:The rare haul
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:Robert Zeller
1607:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1571:The rare haul
1568:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1401:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1367:
1359:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1325:
1317:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1286:
1278:
1266:
1257:
1249:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1221:9 March 1814
1218:
1210:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1179:18 June 1815
1176:
1168:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1137:
1129:
1117:
1111:
1102:
1094:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1056:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1013:
1005:
992:
991:laurel wreath
985:
979:
970:
962:
950:
946:
942:
938:
931:
925:
916:
892:
889:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
847:
842:
840:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
808:
799:
795:
793:
788:
783:
780:
776:
773:oriented his
772:
767:
765:
761:
760:Victoria Park
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
714:
710:
708:
704:
700:
692:
687:
683:
679:
677:
673:
670:and his wife
669:
665:
661:
656:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
624:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
596:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
542:
534:
529:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
497:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:the Kreuzberg
449:
440:
438:
434:
433:Siegesdenkmal
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Victoria Park
414:
413:the Kreuzberg
410:
406:
402:
392:
390:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
337:
334:
330:
329:August Boeckh
325:
321:
314:
310:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
276:
275:reactionaries
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:Victoria Park
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:Prussian king
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
169:
166:
162:
159:30 March 1821
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
84:
80:
75:
57:13°22′53.39″E
54:52°29′15.64″N
46:
42:
35:
30:
23:
4991:
4956:
4948:
4882:Altes Museum
4865:
4681:Stasi Museum
4665:Molecule Man
4663:
4613:Viktoriapark
4572:
4528:Hauptbahnhof
4377:Neues Museum
4303:Tränenpalast
4244:Berliner Dom
4234:Altes Museum
4146:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4043:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3935:Löwenkämpfer
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3863:
3858:Siegessäulen
3856:
3849:
3844:Molecule Man
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3733:
3699:
3633:
3629:Peace Column
3611:
3325:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3271:
3264:
3249:
3234:
3219:
3212:
3206:
3192:
3174:
3152:
3124:
3119:
3099:
3094:
3074:
3069:
3049:
3028:
3008:
3003:
2983:
2978:
2958:
2953:
2933:
2928:
2908:
2903:
2883:
2878:
2858:
2828:
2823:
2811:
2807:
2787:
2782:
2762:
2757:
2737:
2732:
2712:
2702:
2678:
2669:
2649:
2633:
2628:
2608:
2578:
2573:
2553:
2548:
2528:
2500:
2495:
2475:
2470:
2458:
2454:
2434:
2402:
2374:
2369:
2349:
2325:
2297:
2293:
2265:
2237:
2213:
2209:
2189:
2184:
2164:
2159:
2139:
2107:
2077:
2072:
2052:
2047:
2027:
2022:
2002:
1997:
1977:
1972:
1957:
1952:
1932:
1927:
1912:
1907:
1887:
1882:
1862:
1834:
1810:
1778:
1750:
1722:
1716:
1704:
1699:
1679:
1674:
1657:Ernst Herter
1652:
1650:
1636:
1627:Ostlandkreuz
1619:
1614:Otto Lessing
1608:Monument of
1599:Monument of
1592:Monument of
1580:
1570:
1423:Großgörschen
1412:
1400:Ludwig Yorck
1380:
1338:
1316:Queen Louise
1299:
1231:
1199:olive branch
1150:
1115:
1076:
1026:
983:
929:
906:Modelled by
894:Inscription
887:
855:
843:
813:
796:
784:
768:
741:
722:
719:
695:
680:
657:
652:Lombard band
629:
597:
581:
558:
545:
538:
480:
472:
454:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
408:
404:
400:
398:
381:
377:An mein Volk
376:
364:
353:Ludwig Yorck
346:
338:
317:
312:
252:
205:sectionalism
189:war memorial
176:
174:
151:17 June 1826
114:War memorial
5013: /
4934:(1838–1873)
4916:until 1849)
4894:Bauakademie
4890:(1824–1831)
4884:(1825–1830)
4868:(1818–1826)
4856:(1821–1824)
4850:(1818–1821)
4844:(1816–1818)
4769:Spree River
4754:Berlin Wall
4671:Müggelberge
4424:Sony Center
4342:Kulturforum
4327:Hotel Adlon
4293:Fernsehturm
4261:Bode Museum
4222:Weltzeituhr
4109:Volksgesang
3830:Lebensalter
3763:Other works
3716:Berlin Wall
3481:Carl Legien
3157:Georg Dehio
2709:West Berlin
1463:Drachenfels
1461:and on the
1358:Alexander I
1189:Genia in a
1091:nobody, or
1042:Cretan bull
1038:Nemean lion
856:Originally
846:Greek cross
831: [
639:Alexander I
546:Nationaldom
415:sparsed in
207:before the
203:during the
69: /
38:Aerial view
5028:Categories
4842:Neue Wache
4721:New Palace
4659:Uber Arena
4603:Tiergarten
4347:Lustgarten
4283:DDR Museum
4148:Lapidarium
4036:Tiergarten
3802:The Boxers
3688:Tiergarten
3516:Max Planck
3464:Tiergarten
3146:References
1443:Greifswald
1415:Großbeeren
1344:Genius in
903:Design by
660:Montmartre
609:sq ft
588:Iron Cross
521:Napoleon I
469:iron cross
369:Clausewitz
357:guerrillas
304:Dedication
300:churches.
4942:Paintings
4764:Landmarks
4741:Sanssouci
4431:Reichstag
4102:Der Rufer
3956:The Sower
3725:(removed)
3620:(planned)
3553:(removed)
3176:Baedekers
1705:monumente
1655:(1896 by
1641:communist
1554:Uckerland
1431:Wahlstatt
1425:, at the
1419:Dennewitz
1396:Wichmann
1354:Wichmann
1273:Wichmann
1209:Alexandra
1158:Landsturm
1124:Wichmann
1088:Wichmann
1050:Wichmann
999:Wichmann
957:Wichmann
824:cast iron
764:waterfall
485:Kreuzberg
244:cast iron
124:Cast iron
86:Kreuzberg
3907:Gerettet
2687:Archived
1514:Elsfleth
1465:(1857).
1455:Elsfleth
1427:Katzbach
1207:Tzarina
1034:Hercules
897:Picture
785:In 1944
742:In 1879
723:In 1875
613:fixtures
519:against
443:Location
389:reaction
365:Landwehr
279:Silesian
237:Prussian
120:Material
100:Designer
82:Location
4969:Related
4759:Culture
4618:Wannsee
4132:Related
1459:Breslau
1447:Krefeld
945:Austria
941:aureole
900:Statue
878:Perugia
737:Zentner
662:in the
586:of the
491:History
459:in the
282:granite
261:in the
257:in the
197:Germany
187:) is a
94:Germany
4961:(1815)
4953:(1813)
4928:(1855)
4784:S-Bahn
4779:U-Bahn
4276:museum
4201:Berlin
3781:Berlin
3323:, on:
3306:
3278:
3256:
3241:
3226:
3199:
3184:
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2175:
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2118:
2088:
2063:
2038:
2013:
1988:
1964:
1943:
1919:
1898:
1873:
1845:
1809:, in:
1789:
1761:
1733:
1690:
1575:Herter
1451:Minden
1435:Haynau
1393:Rauch
1351:Rauch
1346:Nordic
1339:centre
1312:Rauch
1300:centre
1244:Tieck
1204:Rauch
1163:Tieck
1085:Tieck
1077:centre
1047:Tieck
1002:Baron
996:Rauch
954:Rauch
949:Russia
937:armour
930:centre
851:genius
826:. The
802:Design
691:Hintze
605:Morgen
600:thaler
550:thaler
371:, and
342:blocus
298:Gothic
294:turret
213:German
193:Berlin
181:German
130:Height
90:Berlin
4209:Mitte
4060:Bison
3459:Mitte
3424:Mitte
1667:Notes
1587:herms
1429:near
1239:cloak
1232:right
1191:tunic
1116:right
1053:King
984:right
835:]
617:acres
373:Stein
4912:and
3928:Löwe
3304:ISBN
3276:ISBN
3254:ISBN
3239:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3197:ISBN
3182:ISBN
3165:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3108:ISBN
3083:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3017:ISBN
2992:ISBN
2967:ISBN
2942:ISBN
2917:ISBN
2892:ISBN
2867:ISBN
2837:ISBN
2796:ISBN
2771:ISBN
2746:ISBN
2721:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2587:ISBN
2562:ISBN
2537:ISBN
2509:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2383:ISBN
2358:ISBN
2306:ISBN
2274:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2173:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2116:ISBN
2086:ISBN
2061:ISBN
2036:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1962:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1631:pine
1585:Two
1437:and
1381:left
1151:left
1027:left
947:and
860:and
324:King
175:The
110:Type
1573:by
876:in
269:of
191:in
5030::
3155:/
3127:,
3102:,
3077:,
3052:,
3011:,
2986:,
2961:,
2936:,
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2110:,
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1980:,
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1421:,
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1368:,
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1287:,
1258:,
1219:,
1177:,
1138:,
1103:,
1064:,
1014:,
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880:.
833:de
641:,
575:,
571:,
567:,
563:,
427:,
351:.
231:.
195:,
183::
92:,
88:,
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3282:.
3260:.
3245:.
3230:.
3203:.
3188:.
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2017:.
1992:.
1947:.
1902:.
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179:(
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