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636:. However, the walls and moats of the sconces and the redoubt could not be completely levelled until the ceremony, so that scaffoldings were erected, allowing to overlook the remnants of the so-called citadel. Masons laid a brick structure up to the level of the scaffoldings so that the foundation stone was to be laid on top of this structure, with the ground level around only later to be elevated to the same height. The laying of the foundation stone was attended - among others - by the king, Tzar
697:
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1094:, a then popular singer, musician and composer of operettas and drinking songs. After the clinic had closed in 1987 the building remained vacant for 14 years, before it was renovated and reopened in 2004. It is since a youth centre for education and creativity financed by a charitable foundation in Hamburg. The brick building of an abandoned public toilet on top of the hill was refurbished and in it opened as a little café (XBerg-Hütte) in 2011.
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1044:, and cultivated by the adjacent market garden. The other, however, lacking authorisation to distribute its harvests as food, established in summer 2006 within the Victoria Quarter on the southern slope of the Kreuzberg. The vineyard on Methfesselstraße provides for the local "Kreuz-Neroberger" wine, gained from vines donated by Kreuzberg's twin towns
787:. Forty villas were planned, but only twenty were realised, since the area dropped in the favour of the better-off, when the urbanisation caused the adjacent quarters to be built up with blocks of flats. Four villas weathered the times, however, two of them overformed by later extensions alienating their original design.
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building towards the national monument on the
Kreuzberg so that the central hall's front on the forecourt of the airport and one edge of the monument's octagonal groundplan are parallel. The then planned axis consisting of a promenade and series of waterfalls cascading down the Kreuzberg hill towards
438:
In 1553 Joachim I Nestor ordered to plant vines on the slopes, in the private parcels on the slope as well as on the electoral slopes. He employed vintners, called wine masters, each responsible for a vineyard of a certain size, giving the name
Weinmeisterweg (Winemaster Way, today's Kreuzbergstraße
1000:
left behind a wake of devastation leading from one block north up the Großbeerenstraße, over the waterfall to the monument, damaging its socket structure, destroying villas on the northeastern
Kreuzberg slope, and blocks of flats along Methfesselstraße, including Zuse's parental flat. The abandoned
712:
In the late 1820s the Geri(c)ke brothers bought the triangular site on the eastern slope of
Kreuzberg, an exploited sand pit, between the former road to Teltow, the Halle highway and Colonnenweg (today's Dudenstraße) preparing a colony of villas there, later called Wilhelmshöhe. In 1829 the Gericke
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urged her husband to leave. They returned to town, where a thunderstorm started and a lightning killed four horses and the coachmen. According to another source the news of their frightful flight had spread among the Cöllners and
Berliners, many of whom had tried to get as well onto the Kreuzberg,
418:
in 1442/1448, and his abolition of their union and semi-autonomy, he seized Cölln's feudal seniority over the
Kreuzberg and the surrounding area in his favour. However, the prince-elector soon later sold the vineyards on the slope east of the houses on today's Heimstraße to private owners, mostly
540:
south of Runder Berg (today's
Kreuzberg) and the other hills of the Tempelhofer Berge range. Plantations of about 4,000 fruit trees were stubbed and levelled. Citizens of Berlin were draughted to work the sconces supervised by Captain Woldemar von Loos, among them also prominent figures such as
736:
In 1837 the bankrupted Tivoli on the
Kreuzberg was put up for public auction. The purchasers sold it on to Mr. Siegmund, who reopened the Tivoli with a two-storey ballroom in 1841, only to bankrupt again the year after. The Kreuzberg and the neighbouring hills, then still part of the Tempelhof
850:
After 1889 a milk bar (Milchwirtschaft) moved into the
Schinkel-designed former guard's house below the hill top, offering the milk drinking cures then popularised by Friedrich Grub. In 1891 Schultheiss-Bräu Actiengesellschaft, founded by Jobst Schultheiss in 1853 and by 1910 Europe's biggest
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lost through the fortification works in 1813. The semi-circular original access path, measuring a width of 20 Prussian feet (6.3 m (21 ft)), and branching off
Methfesselstraße, was already under construction at that time. The adjacent land, measuring 72 Morgen (18.38 ha (45.4
887:(lit. wolf's gully) was designed into another exploited sand pit east of the hill top. Some built-up parcels on the southern side of Kreuzbergstraße had been bought and the houses there were demolished in order to include their plots into the park. In 1894 the Victoria Park opened.
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all around beneath the eaves of the flat pyramidal roof. On 1 January 1822 the invalid Martin Herborn moved in, employed to guard the monument. In 1822 the Götze family still lived at the foot of the Kreuzberg in a farm later replaced by the houses Kreuzbergstraße 76 and 75.
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municipality, were popular sites for excursions, because of the beautiful sight onto Berlin, but also because of the beer gardens and inns which already allowed smoking, since within Berlin's city boundaries the royal police had forbidden smoking in the public. After
376:
a brick bakery and a loam pit on the northerly slope of the Kreuzberg. At road constructions in the Methfesselstraße in the 1830s workers discovered under the roots of a felled tree the remnants of a mediaeval brick bakery, probably the premise where the bricks for
1232:, ed. on behalf of the Bezirksamt Kreuzberg von Berlin as catalogue of the exhibition „Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel“ in the Kunstamt Kreuzberg / Künstlerhaus Bethanien Berlin, between 25 April and 7 June 1987, Berlin: Arenhövel, 1987,
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After negotiations on 27 August 1818 the merchant Gottfried Wilhelm August Tietz, the farming burgher Johann Friedrich Götze and Christian Weimar (Weymann) sold the top of the Kreuzberg (then called Götze'scher Berg, i.e. Götze's mountain) measuring 1.5 Prussian
810:, president of the royal police, decreed a maximum height of buildings in the adjacent streets to uphold the visibility of the monument on the Kreuzberg. The ordinance, however, was annulled by the groundbreaking 1882 "Kreuzberg judgement" of the Prussian Royal
1020:
wood with a crown of thorns of barbed wire, located on the upper edge of the Kreuzberg's sodded northwestern slope, and commemorating the deaths of 100,000s killed in atrocities, by forced labour or other maltreatment, and the fate of the surviving 12 million
489:(as Frederick William I King in Prussia) sold the vineyards covered by today's Heimstraße and the hills west thereof, and it were mostly the electoral wine masters already employed on them, who bought them and continued viticulture. For 1720 a
482:(1618–1648). The severe devastations and depopulation by the Thirty Years' War caused the death or flight of many a vintner, causing the neglect and abandonment of their vineyards. The slopes became deserted and turned into sandy wasteland.
878:
visiting natural waterfalls to get inspired. Having returned Mächtig himself assisted by a confidant foreman started modelling and constructions for the park. For the waterfall Mächtig used pieces of rock from the Giant Mountains and
818:. On 14 December 1887 the city of Berlin acquired 8.5 ha (21 acres) of unbuilt slopes of the Kreuzberg from several owners, mostly north and west of the monument, including the westerly adjacent, lower hill called Rühlensberg.
497:
attempts to establish silk production in Brandenburg-Prussia. However, alternative usages of the slopes remained mostly successless, so many slopes became again deserted and turned into wasteland, some owners continued viticulture.
936:
experimented in the construction of computers in his parents' flat, moving with them into their new flat on Methfesselstraße 10, the street leading up the Kreuzberg. In September 1940 Zuse presented his experimental computer
1090:(die gelbe Villa), after the tiles covering the building since its extensions in the 1950s and 1960s into an eight-storey private clinic (Klinik am Viktoriapark). Between 1927 and 1941 the villa was owned and inhabited by
992:, also employing Soviet forced labourers else held captive at Blücherplatz, started driving five tunnels into the northern slope of the Kreuzberg from Kreuzbergstraße. The semi-completed tunnels were meant and used as
791:, on Methfesselstraße 23–25 by Ewald Becher in 1874, is one of the villas in original design, however, dilapidated. It is - among others - the domicile of the house of literature, venue and organiser of readings named
779:, an association to develop a neighbourhood of villas on the eastern slope of the Kreuzberg. At the eastern slope, partially quite steep due to an exploited sand pit there, a little dead end was laid out named
3025:
948:
The DVL granted research subsidies so that in 1941 Zuse rented a workshop on the opposite side in Methfesselstraße 7 and stretching through the block to Belle-Alliance Straße 29 (renamed and renumbered as
648:
439:
at the northern foot of the Kreuzberg). In 1588 the financial chamber of the city of Cölln recorded for one of the vineyards an output of 13 and a half tons of red and white wine, amounting to 35
806:'s plans to elevate and turn the monument by 21° with its front into the axis of the Großbeerenstraße, before it was set to rest on its new 8 m high (26 ft) socket building. In 1879
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and his entourage fled to the top of the Kreuzberg (then called Runder Berg), the highest of the Tempelhofer Berge, in order to survive a flood predicted for that day by his court astronomer
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defeated the defenders of Berlin on the Tempelhof Field and on October 3 posted their cannons on the Tempelhofer Berge shooting into Berlin. The city surrendered and the confederated troops
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A historic wine-growing area, today the Kreuzberg is covered again by two small vineyards. One was founded in 1968 on the cleared site of Methfesselstraße 10, it is owned by the Borough of
378:
684:
A bit northeast of the hill's top, deeper on the slope thus not blocking the view, a guard's house was erected after Schinkel's design in 1821. It was a brick structure in
2526:(i.e. Milk Cure Institution at Victoria Park, practically an examplary dairy farm) in Kreuzbergstraße 27/28 northerly opposite to today's Victoria Park. Cf. A. Mignolo,
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brewery, bought Tivoli brewery on Kreuzberg's southern slope, making it its production department No. II. The eastern and northeastern slopes were built up with villas.
669:. The inauguration was attended by the royal family, the Prussian generality, the senior pastors of all Protestant congregations of Berlin, and as guests by Grand Duke
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as regent of the to-be-unified Empire, flagging the monument with the union tricolour of Black-Red-Gold, much opposed by the various Prussian nationalist formations.
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In 1994 the Schultheiss brewery, department II, ceased production. The brewery compound, with many excellent examples of industrial brick architecture,
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1202:, Verein zur Erforschung und Darstellung der Geschichte Kreuzbergs and Bezirksmuseum Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (eds.), Berlin: Kreuzberg-Museum, 2007,
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471:
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The oldest surviving record mentioning the Kreuzberg is a deed of gift of 1290, by which Knight Jacob of Nybede (Jakob von Nybede/Niebede) from the
2483:: 106 vols., Berlin: Heymann, 1877–1941, vol. 9 (2nd ed., 1887), Ludwig Jacobi, Wilhelm Jebens and Gottlieb von Meyeren (eds.), pp. 345seqq.
1022:
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was constructed in a new premise in Oranienstraße 6 and evacuated from Berlin on 14 February 1945, only arriving in Göttingen two weeks later.
431:
474:, took the Tempelhofer Berge range and positioned cannons threatening to shoot Berlin and Cölln in order to force his brother-in-law Elector
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674:
393:
1254:, Senatsverwaltung für Bau- und Wohnungswesen Berlin / Abteilung Vermessungswesen (ed.), Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1995, p. 83,
329:. It rises about 66 m (217 ft) above the sea level and 32 m (105 ft) above the northerly adjacent Berlin-Warsaw
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but were kept out by electoral guards. On their return the crowd awaited the elector and his entourage and welcoming him laughing.
1324:: 5 vols., Helmut Engel, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Wilhelm Treue (eds.), vol. 5: 'Kreuzberg', Berlin: Nicolai, 1994, pp. XI–XXXI.
1309:: 5 vols., Helmut Engel, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Wilhelm Treue (eds.), vol. 5: 'Kreuzberg', Berlin: Nicolai, 1994, pp. 399–417.
1294:: 5 vols., Helmut Engel, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Wilhelm Treue (eds.), vol. 5: 'Kreuzberg', Berlin: Nicolai, 1994, pp. 418–429.
914:
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Schinkel-designed guard's house, though undestroyed, was demolished in the 1950s, its site is now used by a ball playing cage.
475:
721:, on the site of the levelled noise cannon sconce on the southern slope of the Kreuzberg, offering among others the so-called
1026:
760:(Berlin Brewery Company of Tivoli), built by Gustav Junghahn on the site of the former amusement park between 1857 and 1859.
415:
1352:, Berlin: Haude & Spener, 1986, (=Berliner Kaleidoskop: Schriften zur Berliner Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte; vol. 32),
486:
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the king renamed Götze'scher Berg into Kreuzberg (i.e. cross hill) on the occasion of the inauguration of the monument.
349:. The Berlin-Warsaw glacial valley stretches to 5 km (3.1 mi) between the southern Kreuzberg and the northern
1338:, Bezirksamt Kreuzberg von Berlin / Hochbauamt and Untere Denkmalschutzbehörde (eds.), Berlin: no publ., 2000, no ISBN.
1183:, Bezirksamt Kreuzberg von Berlin / Hochbauamt and Untere Denkmalschutzbehörde (eds.), Berlin: no publ., 1998, no ISBN.
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and left smoking to everybody's own discretion. On 6 August 1848 people gathered at the monument demonstrating for the
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running over hill and dale. By 1834 a new sand pit had opened further west at the site of today's waterfall in the
601:
202:
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was built comprising seven bomb-safe powder magazines, two huts for altogether 500 men, officially called the
384:
The Kreuzberg, as well as the fields and farmland north and south of it used to belong to the village land of
1189:, Geschichtskreis im Wasserturm auf dem Tempelhofer Berg (ed.), Berlin: Bloch & Partner, 1986, no ISBN.
840:
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decided to name the borough after the hill. The borough was subsequently downgraded to a locality in 2001.
64:
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Lindenberg House, seen from the steep eastern slope of the Kreuzberg, and at the right, truncated though,
756:
The Tivoli burnt down after several further bankruptcies in 1856. Its name lived on in the brewery of the
617:)), remained property of Götze, Tietz and Weimar. In June 1820 the Lärmkanonenschanze was levelled again.
685:
621:
588:(noise cannon sconce). Already in September 1813 the sloppily constructed huts of the citadel collapsed.
467:
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20:
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opened for traffic, renamed into Flughafen (i.e. airport) in 1937 (Platz der Luftbrücke since 1975).
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1079:, is since transformed into a new residential area called Viktoria-Quartier (Victoria Quarter).
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Frederick William III chose the 30 March 1821, the seventh anniversary of the conquest of the
510:
217:, on its inauguration on 30 March 1821. On 27 September 1921 the borough assembly of the VIth
1119:
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35:
832:
View southwards through Großbeerenstraße uphill the Kreuzberg; above in 1887, below in 2007
811:
670:
479:
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400:
1290:, „Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10/Oranienstraße 6“, in:
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between the monument on top of the Kreuzberg and the Großbeerenstraße. The park was named
8:
677:, as well as by thousands of other spectators. As the national monument is crowned by an
1181:
Denk mal Kreuzberg! Ein Architekturführer der kommunalen Baudenkmale im Bezirk Kreuzberg
3058:
1984:
Hasso Spode, „Die Schultheiss-Brauerei auf dem Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 28–48“, in:
1305:
Hasso Spode, „Die Schultheiss-Brauerei auf dem Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 28–48“, in:
1049:
1032:
1029:
and neighbouring foreign countries ruled after World War II by pro-Soviet governments.
902:
564:
Alone on the Kreuzberg 20 cannons were put up directing towards the approaching French
447:. For 1595 Cölln's financial chamber accounted for the sale of 36 tuns of wine for 144
430:. After spending much of the day on the Kreuzberg in vain, at about 16:00 h, Electress
218:
3057:: Kinder ziehen heute in ein Haus, in dem einst Trinklieder komponiert wurden und das
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer höchsten Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
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built in his workshop, to the public. While Z3 was destroyed with the workshop in an
533:
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Victoria Quarter: The former workshops of cartwrights and carpenters of the brewery.
1060:(1985). About 600 bottles are pressed every year, not in Berlin, but in wineries in
3063:
993:
953:
84 in 1947). On 12 May 1941 Zuse presented the world's first functioning computer,
742:
647:
423:
2850:
Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10 / Oranienstraße 6
2797:
Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10 / Oranienstraße 6
2772:
Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10 / Oranienstraße 6
2747:
Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10 / Oranienstraße 6
2722:
Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10 / Oranienstraße 6
3029:
1217:(1969), Berlin: Haude & Spener, 1979, (=Berlinische Reminiszenzen; vol. 26),
1076:
968:
The Kreuzberg had been included in the Nazi plans for rebuilding Berlin into the
875:
815:
605:
499:
444:
389:
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708:, in the lower centre the greyish-turquoise pyramidal roof of the guard's house.
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of the Knights Hospitaller sold – among others – the Kreuzberg to Berlin-Cölln.
2971:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
2941:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
2647:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
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Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
1200:
Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
1195:, Der Polizeipräsident in Berlin (ed.), Berlin: self-publishing, 2009, no ISBN.
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1106:
Map of the Kreuzberg with Victoria Park, Victoria Quarter and adjacent streets
858:'s design for a park on the acquired unbuilt slopes of Kreuzberg, including a
509:
until 1739/1740, when a hefty frost killed most of the vine stock, among them
3076:
3042:
2875:"A multifaceted monument - the complex heritage of Tempelhof Central Airport"
1411:
1118:: 22 vols., revis. and ext. new ed. by Dehio-Vereinigung, Berlin and Munich:
1082:
The deformed villa of 1872 on Methfesselstraße 17–21, northerly neighbouring
1016:(Mahnmal für die ostdeutsche Heimat), an 8 m high (26 ft) cross of
1008:(SPD) inaugurated another monument on the Kreuzberg performing the form of a
962:
954:
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871:
427:
86:
73:
2522:
Grub, member of the Reichstag in its 7th legislative period, had opened the
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Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
2137:
Die Tempelhofer Berge nebst ihrer Erhebung dem Kreuzberge anno 1286 bis 1986
1414:, "Die Besteigung des Monte Cruce bei Berlin" (by 1853), in: David Kalisch,
553:. On top of the Kreuzberg, protected by the sconce on its southern slope, a
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landscape. The Kreuzberg's relatively steep northern slope derives from the
318:
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On 28 June 1888 Berlin's city parliament decided for City Garden Director
2429:
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The municipal vineyard on Methfesselstraße 10 with the firewall of No. 8.
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on 23 August, the sconce was never used for defence and was later called
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running into the Berlin-Warsaw glacial valley, when it was formed by the
194:
985:
was never realised, the interjacent block of houses remained untouched.
326:
2479:
Cf. details on the suit "M. vs royal police department in Berlin", in:
1402:
for bibliographical details, pp. 3, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 16. No ISBN.
1102:
1017:
870:, Prussian and German crown princess consort. Mächtig and the sculptor
678:
662:
593:
440:
373:
330:
206:
41:
1247:, Bezirksamt Kreuzberg von Berlin (ed.), Berlin: Arani, 1965, no ISBN.
1045:
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859:
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are recorded. In 1760 Austrian and Russian confederated troops under
448:
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342:
310:
198:
182:
281:
1320:
Hasso Spode, „Zur Sozial- und Siedlungsgeschichte Kreuzbergs“, in:
1134:
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490:
419:
Cölln burghers, but kept those west of it including the Kreuzberg.
1336:
Stadt_Raum Kreuzberg: Kunst- und Sonderobjekte im städtischen Raum
411:
293:
1345:, Mieterrat Chamissoplatz (ed.), Berlin: no publ., 1994, no ISBN.
941:, covering several rooms in the parental flat, to experts of the
880:
569:
554:
494:
338:
190:
2426:
Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Michael Bollé, Ralph Paschke et al.,
1111:
Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Michael Bollé, Ralph Paschke et al.,
379:
Berlin's Franciscan Cloister Church (Franziskaner-Klosterkirche)
2764:
1371:
814:, stating that the police had exceeded its authority to ensure
414:
and neighbouring Berlin by the new Hohenzollern Prince-Elector
186:
168:
54:
353:, thus forming here the narrowest point between the northerly
19:
This article is about the hill in Berlin. For other uses, see
1980:
1978:
1976:
996:, while constructions continued until February 1945. In 1944
505:
On the Kreuzberg, like on some neighbouring hills, remained
2048:
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and the parental flat in the following year, the successor
928:
constructing there and opposite in #10 the first computers.
614:
2844:
2842:
2531:
2437:
for bibliographical details, vol. 8: Berlin, p. 165.
1973:
1276:, Berlin: Haude & Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, 2002,
1169:, Berlin: Haude & Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, 2003,
2892:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2572:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2499:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2456:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
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Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
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Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
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Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2110:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2082:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2054:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1931:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1899:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1848:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1418:, Berlin: Hofmann, 1870, pp. 29–32, passim. No ISBN.
1230:
Das Denkmal auf dem Kreuzberg von Karl Friedrich Schinkel
600:)) and land for an access path. On 4 September 1818 King
493:
plantation is recorded, with their leaves needed for the
2448:
2273:
Festschrift 200 Jahre Polizeipräsidium Berlin: 1809–2009
2043:
1193:
Festschrift 200 Jahre Polizeipräsidium Berlin: 1809–2009
905:, established on 1 October 1920 and provisionally named
741:
the royal government and its police had to reduce their
40:
The Kreuzberg, seen from northwest in 1886, painting by
2839:
2789:
2739:
2714:
1252:
Topographischer Atlas Berlin: Ungekürzte Studienausgabe
632:
projected for the top of the Kreuzberg and designed by
2481:
Entscheidungen des Königlichen Oberverwaltungsgerichts
2268:
2266:
2249:
2247:
2132:
2130:
2029:
2027:
1139:(1977), Ostfildern/Kemnat and Munich: Baedeker, 1988,
924:
Memorial plaque on the ruin of Methfesselstraße 7 for
901:
On 27 September 1921 the borough assembly of the VIth
305:
The Kreuzberg is a natural hill and forms part of the
2965:
2963:
2961:
2007:
Kreuzberger Wanderbuch: Wege ins widerborstige Berlin
1560:
1558:
1152:
Kreuzberger Wanderbuch: Wege ins widerborstige Berlin
2820:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
2695:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
2545:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
2493:
2491:
2489:
2329:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
2225:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2104:
2102:
2076:
2074:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1842:
1840:
1741:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1479:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
1165:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
909:, decided to rename the borough after the hill into
313:
hills) stretching along the northern descent of the
265:(1856). Since the 1850s the hill was also nicknamed
2917:
Sirenen und gepackte Koffer: Bunkeralltag in Berlin
2877:, Master of Arts thesis in World Heritage Studies,
2778:for bibliographical details, pp. 418 and 425.
2404:
2388:
2348:
2307:
2263:
2244:
2203:
2127:
2024:
1798:Martina Pirch, „32. Die Tempelhofer Vorstadt“, in:
1250:Martina Pirch, „32. Die Tempelhofer Vorstadt“, in:
241:(Round Mountain or Round Wine Mountain/Vineyard),
197:. It rises about 66 m (217 ft) above the
2958:
2935:
2933:
1776:
1760:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1555:
1498:
700:View in 1829 from Kreuzberg down the slope of the
659:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
652:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
502:wine had meanwhile outdone the local competition.
211:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
2884:
2822:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2697:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2564:
2547:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2486:
2462:for bibliographical details, pp. 73 and 75.
2417:for bibliographical details, p. 18. No ISBN.
2401:for bibliographical details, p. 20. No ISBN.
2361:for bibliographical details, p. 19. No ISBN.
2331:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2320:for bibliographical details, p. 17. No ISBN.
2282:
2279:for bibliographical details, p. 27. No ISBN.
2260:for bibliographical details, p. 14. No ISBN.
2227:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2216:for bibliographical details, p. 15. No ISBN.
2178:
2146:
2143:for bibliographical details, p. 13. No ISBN.
2099:
2071:
2060:for bibliographical details, pp. 39 and 52.
2040:for bibliographical details, p. 12. No ISBN.
1916:
1882:
1865:
1837:
1743:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
1599:
1572:for bibliographical details, p. 19. No ISBN.
1532:
1512:for bibliographical details, p. 16. No ISBN.
1481:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
1167:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
713:brothers further opened the amusement park named
3074:
2988:
2664:
2364:
1879:for bibliographical details, p. 6. No ISBN.
1873:Am Berg gebaut – Über hundert Jahre Chamissokiez
1813:
1789:for bibliographical details, p. 6. No ISBN.
1773:for bibliographical details, p. 7. No ISBN.
1632:
1630:
1624:for bibliographical details, p. 2. No ISBN.
1618:Am Berg gebaut – Über hundert Jahre Chamissokiez
1575:
1566:Kreuzberg: Ein Berliner Bezirk gestern und heute
1552:for bibliographical details, p. 3. No ISBN.
1529:for bibliographical details, p. 1. No ISBN.
1523:Am Berg gebaut – Über hundert Jahre Chamissokiez
1515:
1506:Kreuzberg: Ein Berliner Bezirk gestern und heute
1450:
1448:
1343:Am Berg gebaut – Über hundert Jahre Chamissokiez
1322:Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse
1307:Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse
1292:Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse
1245:Kreuzberg: Ein Berliner Bezirk gestern und heute
608:1,100 and an additional 400 as compensation for
2930:
2639:
2614:
2589:
2533:Kreuzberg´D: Xberg – Love And Hate Relationship
1710:
1680:
1655:
1421:
3023:"Bauten für die Gemeinschaft: Die gelbe Villa"
2420:
1999:
868:Princess Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland
3018:
3016:
2977:for bibliographical details, pp. 57seq.
2323:
1792:
1627:
1445:
2879:Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus
2814:
2689:
2539:
2219:
1948:
1735:
333:. The Teltow Plateau is a flatly undulating
3067:, 30 March 2004, retrieved on 9 March 2012.
1473:
896:underground station of Platz der Luftbrücke
675:Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)
403:in 1318. On 23 September 1435 Order Master
224:
3013:
3002:for bibliographical details, p. 102.
2856:for bibliographical details, p. 428.
2803:for bibliographical details, p. 425.
2753:for bibliographical details, p. 424.
2728:for bibliographical details, p. 418.
2678:for bibliographical details, p. 245.
2337:for bibliographical details, p. 332.
1988:for bibliographical details, p. 339.
2947:for bibliographical details, p. 64.
2898:for bibliographical details, p. 94.
2828:for bibliographical details, p. 52.
2703:for bibliographical details, p. 47.
2653:for bibliographical details, p. 74.
2628:for bibliographical details, p. 14.
2603:for bibliographical details, p. 54.
2578:for bibliographical details, p. 86.
2553:for bibliographical details, p. 29.
2505:for bibliographical details, p. 87.
2377:for bibliographical details, p. 35.
2371:Baedekers Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer
2296:for bibliographical details, p. 82.
2233:for bibliographical details, p. 28.
2192:for bibliographical details, p. 21.
2167:for bibliographical details, p. 51.
2116:for bibliographical details, p. 41.
2088:for bibliographical details, p. 39.
2013:for bibliographical details, p. 20.
1937:for bibliographical details, p. 37.
1905:for bibliographical details, p. 38.
1854:for bibliographical details, p. 34.
1826:for bibliographical details, p. 24.
1820:Baedekers Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer
1802:for bibliographical details, p. 83.
1749:for bibliographical details, p. 21.
1724:for bibliographical details, p. 12.
1699:for bibliographical details, p. 11.
1669:for bibliographical details, p. 10.
1644:for bibliographical details, p. 21.
1588:for bibliographical details, p. 22.
1582:Baedekers Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer
1487:for bibliographical details, p. 16.
1434:for bibliographical details, p. 20.
1428:Baedekers Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer
1004:In August 1952 Kreuzberg's borough mayor
530:War of the Sixth Coalition against France
299:National monument for the Liberation Wars
2428:Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler /
1962:for bibliographical details, p. 9.
1462:for bibliographical details, p. 9.
1113:Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler /
1101:
1066:
1031:
1014:Memorial for the eastern German Homeland
919:
889:
762:
695:
646:
292:
280:
578:Crown Prince Charles XIV John of Sweden
3075:
972:, but only preparations materialised.
943:Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt
478:to support the Swedish efforts in the
2672:Lexikon der Berliner Stadtentwicklung
1274:Lexikon der Berliner Stadtentwicklung
2528:"From Milky Way to Kreuzbergstrasse"
758:Berliner Brauereigesellschaft Tivoli
580:defeating the French already in the
392:and with their suppression in 1312,
487:Frederick William II of Brandenburg
229:Former names of the Kreuzberg were
13:
3045:(2005), retrieved on 6 March 2012.
2915:Dietmar Arnold and Reiner Janick,
416:Frederick Irontooth of Brandenburg
16:Hill in Kreuzberg, Berlin, Germany
14:
3099:
1364:
604:approved the stipulated price of
142:
1370:
1269:, Berlin: self-publishing, 2006.
839:
825:
775:In 1871 22 families founded the
602:Frederick William III of Prussia
596:(2,839.83 m (30,567.7
470:captured the southerly adjacent
401:Knights Hospitallers of St. John
372:in Tempelhof donated the Berlin
297:View on Berlin from Kreuzberg's
289:, going down from the Kreuzberg.
203:Frederick William III of Prussia
141:
134:
34:
3048:
2999:
2974:
2944:
2919:, Berlin: Links, 2003, p. 100.
2909:
2895:
2867:
2853:
2825:
2800:
2775:
2750:
2725:
2700:
2675:
2650:
2625:
2600:
2575:
2550:
2524:Milchkuranstalt am Viktoriapark
2516:
2502:
2473:
2459:
2434:
2414:
2398:
2374:
2358:
2334:
2317:
2293:
2276:
2257:
2230:
2213:
2189:
2164:
2140:
2113:
2085:
2057:
2037:
2010:
1985:
1959:
1934:
1902:
1876:
1851:
1823:
1799:
1786:
1770:
1746:
1721:
1696:
1666:
1641:
1621:
1585:
1569:
1549:
1526:
1509:
1484:
1459:
1431:
1399:
1137:Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer
422:On 15 July 1524 Prince-Elector
257:(1818; both Götze's Mountain),
1405:
1389:
1:
1377:Kreuzberg (Tempelhofer Berge)
1097:
915:Kreuzberg underground station
523:occupied Berlin for four days
357:and southern Teltow Plateau.
285:The manmade waterfall at the
2536:, retrieved on 5 March 2012.
894:Historical name sign in the
864:Victoria Park (Viktoriapark)
777:Villen-Sozietät Wilhelmshöhe
657:For the inauguration of the
209:which crowns the top of the
7:
3035:da! Ausgewählte Architektur
624:arranged the laying of the
622:Duke Charles of Mecklenburg
572:. However, with the Allied
468:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
388:, a fief first held by the
249:(both Tempelhof Mountain),
10:
3104:
525:between October 9 and 12.
360:
276:
155:The location within Berlin
21:Kreuzberg (disambiguation)
18:
2996:Neutempelhofer Einsichten
1956:Spaziergänge in Kreuzberg
1638:Spaziergänge in Kreuzberg
1456:Neutempelhofer Einsichten
1350:Spaziergänge in Kreuzberg
1267:Neutempelhofer Einsichten
1056:(1971 and 1973) and from
164:
128:
123:
115:
107:
102:
63:
53:
48:
33:
28:
3088:Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2881:, 2007 (pdf), pp. 23-24.
2622:Kreuzberger Impressionen
1718:Kreuzberger Impressionen
1693:Kreuzberger Impressionen
1663:Kreuzberger Impressionen
1383:
1215:Kreuzberger Impressionen
1154:, Berlin: Goebel, 1984,
1122:, 2000, vol. 8: Berlin,
1042:Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
800:Johann Wilhelm Schwedler
751:Archduke John of Austria
739:March Revolution of 1848
551:Johann Gottfried Schadow
451:, partially exported to
410:After the subjection of
381:have been manufactured.
225:Other names for the hill
1052:(1975), as well by the
970:Welthauptstadt Germania
959:Allied Air raid in 1943
634:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
405:Balthasar von Schlieben
215:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
201:. It was named by King
59:66 m (217 ft)
2530:(25 August 2011), on:
1107:
1072:
1037:
1023:refugees and expellees
929:
898:
874:travelled through the
804:Johann Heinrich Strack
772:
749:, rendering homage to
747:unification of Germany
709:
654:
642:Christian Daniel Rauch
620:For 19 September 1818
547:August Wilhelm Iffland
543:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
347:Weichselian glaciation
302:
290:
1564:Walther Oschilewski,
1504:Walther Oschilewski,
1243:Walther Oschilewski,
1120:Deutscher Kunstverlag
1105:
1070:
1035:
923:
893:
766:
704:over what is today's
699:
650:
466:On 19 June 1631 King
296:
284:
87:52.48750°N 13.38139°E
2873:See Christine Heeb,
1954:Klaus-Dieter Wille,
1636:Klaus-Dieter Wille,
1379:at Wikimedia Commons
1348:Klaus-Dieter Wille,
983:Platz der Luftbrücke
812:administrative court
723:Russische Rutschbahn
719:the Parisian example
706:Tempelhofer Vorstadt
686:Gothic Revival style
582:Battle of Großbeeren
432:Elizabeth of Denmark
399:enfeoffed it to the
2994:Friedhelm Schmuck,
2890:Michael Nungesser,
2570:Michael Nungesser,
2497:Michael Nungesser,
2454:Michael Nungesser,
2288:Michael Nungesser,
2184:Michael Nungesser,
2159:Michael Nungesser,
2108:Michael Nungesser,
2080:Michael Nungesser,
2052:Michael Nungesser,
1929:Michael Nungesser,
1897:Michael Nungesser,
1846:Michael Nungesser,
1265:Friedhelm Schmuck,
1228:Michael Nungesser,
988:In summer 1944 the
785:Wilhelmshöhe Palace
108:English translation
83: /
3059:Rosa von Praunheim
3055:"Villa Kunterbunt"
3028:2010-03-30 at the
1108:
1073:
1050:Ingelheim am Rhein
1038:
1012:though. It is the
930:
899:
773:
710:
671:Nicholas of Russia
655:
586:Lärmkanonenschanze
532:, in 1813 Colonel
394:Margrave Waldemar
303:
291:
92:52.48750; 13.38139
49:Highest point
2670:Herbert Schwenk,
1454:Friedhelm Schmuck
1375:Media related to
1272:Herbert Schwenk,
1092:Wilhelm Lindemann
1054:Bergstraße county
994:air-raid shelters
990:Organisation Todt
978:Tempelhof Airport
903:borough of Berlin
559:Citadel of Berlin
536:prompted to work
534:Hermann von Boyen
480:Thirty Years' War
307:Tempelhofer Berge
261:(1822, 1834) and
233:(sand mountain),
219:borough of Berlin
181:is a hill in the
175:
174:
3095:
3068:
3064:Der Tagesspiegel
3052:
3046:
3020:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2967:
2956:
2937:
2928:
2913:
2907:
2888:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2846:
2837:
2818:
2812:
2793:
2787:
2768:
2762:
2743:
2737:
2718:
2712:
2693:
2687:
2668:
2662:
2643:
2637:
2618:
2612:
2593:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2543:
2537:
2520:
2514:
2495:
2484:
2477:
2471:
2452:
2446:
2424:
2418:
2408:
2402:
2392:
2386:
2368:
2362:
2352:
2346:
2327:
2321:
2311:
2305:
2286:
2280:
2270:
2261:
2251:
2242:
2223:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2182:
2176:
2157:
2144:
2134:
2125:
2106:
2097:
2078:
2069:
2050:
2041:
2031:
2022:
2005:Joachim Berger,
2003:
1997:
1982:
1971:
1952:
1946:
1927:
1914:
1895:
1880:
1869:
1863:
1844:
1835:
1817:
1811:
1796:
1790:
1780:
1774:
1764:
1758:
1739:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1689:
1678:
1659:
1653:
1634:
1625:
1614:
1597:
1579:
1573:
1562:
1553:
1543:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1502:
1496:
1477:
1471:
1452:
1443:
1425:
1419:
1409:
1403:
1393:
1374:
1150:Joachim Berger,
1088:the yellow Villa
1084:Lindenberg House
1077:listed buildings
843:
829:
789:Lindenberg House
769:the yellow Villa
743:authoritarianism
626:foundation stone
485:In 1718 Elector
453:Poland-Lithuania
424:Joachim I Nestor
243:Tempelhofer Berg
145:
144:
138:
116:Language of name
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
88:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
38:
26:
25:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3083:Hills of Berlin
3073:
3072:
3071:
3053:
3049:
3030:Wayback Machine
3021:
3014:
2993:
2989:
2968:
2959:
2938:
2931:
2914:
2910:
2889:
2885:
2872:
2868:
2847:
2840:
2819:
2815:
2794:
2790:
2769:
2765:
2744:
2740:
2719:
2715:
2694:
2690:
2669:
2665:
2644:
2640:
2619:
2615:
2594:
2590:
2569:
2565:
2544:
2540:
2521:
2517:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2453:
2449:
2425:
2421:
2409:
2405:
2393:
2389:
2369:
2365:
2353:
2349:
2328:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2287:
2283:
2271:
2264:
2252:
2245:
2224:
2220:
2208:
2204:
2183:
2179:
2158:
2147:
2135:
2128:
2107:
2100:
2079:
2072:
2051:
2044:
2032:
2025:
2004:
2000:
1983:
1974:
1953:
1949:
1928:
1917:
1896:
1883:
1870:
1866:
1845:
1838:
1818:
1814:
1797:
1793:
1781:
1777:
1765:
1761:
1740:
1736:
1715:
1711:
1690:
1681:
1660:
1656:
1635:
1628:
1615:
1600:
1580:
1576:
1563:
1556:
1544:
1533:
1520:
1516:
1503:
1499:
1478:
1474:
1453:
1446:
1426:
1422:
1410:
1406:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1367:
1100:
1064:and Ingelheim.
1027:eastern Germany
1006:Willy Kressmann
998:British bombing
876:Giant Mountains
866:, in honour of
856:Hermann Mächtig
848:
847:
846:
845:
844:
835:
834:
833:
830:
816:public security
808:Guido von Madai
688:adorned with a
667:Battle of Paris
566:Armée de Berlin
472:Tempelhof Field
390:Knights Templar
367:Knights Templar
363:
351:Prenzlauer Berg
279:
255:Götzescher Berg
239:Runder Weinberg
227:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
146:
91:
89:
85:
82:
77:
74:
72:
70:
69:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3101:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3070:
3069:
3061:besetzte, in:
3047:
3041:2013-02-10 at
3012:
3000:see references
2987:
2975:see references
2969:Rike Fischer,
2957:
2945:see references
2939:Rike Fischer,
2929:
2908:
2896:see references
2883:
2866:
2854:see references
2838:
2826:see references
2813:
2801:see references
2788:
2776:see references
2763:
2751:see references
2738:
2726:see references
2713:
2701:see references
2688:
2676:see references
2663:
2651:see references
2645:Rike Fischer,
2638:
2626:see references
2620:Ilse Nicolas,
2613:
2601:see references
2595:Rike Fischer,
2588:
2576:see references
2563:
2551:see references
2538:
2515:
2503:see references
2485:
2472:
2460:see references
2447:
2435:see references
2419:
2415:see references
2403:
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1998:
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702:Teltow Plateau
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355:Barnim Plateau
335:ground moraine
331:glacial valley
315:Teltow Plateau
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193:, in former
185:locality of
178:
176:
2430:Georg Dehio
1288:Hasso Spode
1115:Georg Dehio
1048:(1968) and
951:Mehringdamm
934:Konrad Zuse
932:Since 1935
926:Konrad Zuse
638:Alexander I
528:During the
515:Muscateller
374:Franciscans
271:Monte Croce
267:Monte Cruce
235:Runder Berg
195:West Berlin
90: /
65:Coordinates
3077:Categories
1098:References
793:Lettrétage
679:Iron Cross
663:Montmartre
598:sq ft
449:rixdollars
441:threescore
319:Schöneberg
259:Kreutzberg
253:(1798) or
237:(1524) or
207:Iron Cross
205:after the
78:13°22′53″E
75:52°29′15″N
42:Otto Piltz
1135:Baedekers
1046:Wiesbaden
911:Kreuzberg
860:waterfall
519:Tottleben
507:vineyards
396:the Great
386:Tempelhof
370:commandry
343:meltwater
323:Rollberge
311:Tempelhof
263:Kreuzberg
199:sea level
183:Kreuzberg
179:Kreuzberg
171:, Germany
149:Kreuzberg
124:Geography
55:Elevation
29:Kreuzberg
3039:Archived
3026:Archived
881:boulders
798:In 1878
717:, after
628:for the
610:fixtures
491:mulberry
327:Neukölln
321:and the
317:between
309:range (
231:Sandberg
165:Location
945:(DVL).
665:in the
606:thalers
570:Oudinot
555:redoubt
538:sconces
495:etatist
443:and 45
361:History
339:erosion
277:Geology
191:Germany
3032:, on:
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883:. The
783:after
715:Tivoli
594:Morgen
576:under
568:under
461:Sweden
459:, and
457:Saxony
445:groats
187:Berlin
169:Berlin
119:German
103:Naming
1384:Notes
615:acres
412:Cölln
3004:ISBN
2979:ISBN
2949:ISBN
2921:ISBN
2900:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2830:ISBN
2805:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2755:ISBN
2730:ISBN
2705:ISBN
2680:ISBN
2655:ISBN
2630:ISBN
2605:ISBN
2580:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2507:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2235:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2090:ISBN
2062:ISBN
2015:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1751:ISBN
1726:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1018:pine
981:the
549:and
513:and
177:The
341:by
325:in
269:or
3079::
3015:^
2998:,
2973:,
2960:^
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2256:,
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2188:,
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2139:,
2129:^
2112:,
2101:^
2084:,
2073:^
2056:,
2045:^
2036:,
2026:^
2009:,
1975:^
1958:,
1933:,
1918:^
1901:,
1884:^
1875:,
1850:,
1839:^
1822:,
1785:,
1769:,
1745:,
1720:,
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1601:^
1584:,
1568:,
1557:^
1548:,
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