2305:. A nation may use military intervention to install a more favorable government in a third-party state. Rival nations may perceive the intervention as a weakened position to their own security and may respond by attempting to undermine such efforts, often by backing parties favorable to their own interests (such as those directly or indirectly under their control, sympathetic to their cause, or ideologically aligned). In that case, if one or both rivals come to believe that their favored faction is at a disadvantage, they will often respond by escalating military and/or financial support. If their counterpart(s), perceiving a material threat or desiring to avoid the appearance of weakness or defeat, follow suit, a proxy war ensues between the two powers. That was a major factor in many of the proxy wars during the
76:
36:
2281:
2102:, many non-state proxies were external parties that were introduced into an internal conflict and aligned themselves with a belligerent to gain influence and to further their own interests in the region. Proxies could be introduced by an external or local power and most commonly took the form of irregular armies which were used to achieve their sponsor's goals in a contested region. Some medieval states like the
3339:
2277:. That is especially significant when standing peace treaties, acts of the alliance or other international agreements ostensibly forbid direct warfare. Breaking such agreements could lead to a variety of negative consequences due to either negative international reaction (see above), punitive provisions listed in the prior agreement, or retaliatory action by the other parties and their allies.
2415:
In general, lengths, intensities, and scales of armed conflicts are often greatly increased if belligerents' capabilities are augmented by external support. Belligerents are often less likely to engage in diplomatic negotiations, peace talks are less likely to bear fruit, and damage to infrastructure
2297:
In some cases, nations may be motivated to engage in proxy warfare because of financial concerns: supporting irregular troops, insurgents, non-state actors, or less-advanced allied militaries (often with obsolete or surplus equipment) can be significantly cheaper than deploying national armed forces,
2146:
Frequent application of the term "proxy war" indicates its prominent place in academic research on international relations. Distinct implementations of soft power and hard power have proved to be unsuccessful in recent years. Accordingly, great failures in classic wars increased the tendency to use
2106:
used proxy warfare as a foreign-policy tool by deliberately cultivating intrigue among hostile rivals and then backing them when they went to war with each other. Other states regarded proxy wars as merely a useful extension of a pre-existing conflict, such as
3327:, vol. 42, no. 20 (22 October 2020), pp. 41–43. "Nuclear weapons – judged, for now at least, to be too powerful to be used – seem to preclude wars of destruction between major powers today." (p. 43.)
2246:, may choose to engage in proxy warfare (despite their military superiority) if most of their citizens oppose declaring or entering a conventional war. That featured prominently in US strategy following the
2078:, a proxy belligerent acts in behalf of a third-party state sponsor. A proxy war is characterised by a direct, long-term, geopolitical relationship between the third-party sponsor states and their
2968:
2273:
Nations may also resort to proxy warfare to avoid potential negative international reactions from allied nations, profitable trading partners, or intergovernmental organizations such as the
3212:
2214:'s influence compared to direct military engagement. Additionally, the proliferation of televised media and its impact on public perception made the U.S. public especially susceptible to
2191:
without involving these states in open warfare with each other. Sponsors of both sides also used the
Spanish conflict as a proving ground for their own weapons and battlefield tactics.
3094:"The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the U.S. Response, 1978–1980." U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. U.S. Department of State, 31 October 2013. Web. 28 April 2015.
3029:
2147:
proxy wars. Since the early twentieth century, proxy wars have most commonly taken the form of states assuming the role of sponsors to non-state proxies and essentially using them as
3055:
2206:, which rendered the use of ideological proxies a safer way to conduct hostilities. The Soviet government found that supporting parties antagonistic to the U.S. and other
2341:
Proxy wars can have a huge impact, especially on the local area. A proxy war with significant effects occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union during the
2633:
S. A. Hashemi and M. Sahrapeyma, "Proxy war and US's smart power strategy (The case of Syria, 2011-2016)," Q. J. Polit. Stud. Islam. World, vol. 6, no. 24, p. 1, 2018.
2718:
The
Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 23 April 2015. <
2722:
3115:
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2070:, yet both belligerents in a proxy war can be considered proxies if both are receiving foreign military aid from a third party country. Acting either as a
2952:
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and being skeptical of risking life abroad. That encouraged the
American practice of arming insurgent forces, such as the funnelling of supplies to the
3188:
3079:
3204:
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3130:
Total death toll | Over 606,000 people killed across Syria since the beginning of the "Syrian
Revolution", including 495,000 documented by
3051:
2855:
2082:
and non-state clients, thus the political sponsorship becomes military sponsorship when the third-party powers fund the soldiers and their
2739:
2151:
to undermine adversarial powers. That type of proxy warfare includes external support for a faction engaged in a civil war, terrorists,
2682:
3318:
3306:
3294:
3112:
Sheridan, Kerry. "War-related deaths near 500,000 in Iraq." Your Middle East. Your Middle East, 16 October 2013. Web. 28 April 2015.
2998:
999:
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Curtis, Anthony R. "Mass Media
Influence on Society." The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, 23 June 2012. PDF file.
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among the
American population. That was also a significant factor in motivating the US to enter conflicts such as the
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destroyed significant amounts of infrastructure. Many bombs were also dropped on North
Vietnamese supply routes in
2156:
1509:
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2927:
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2374:
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2198:, proxy warfare was motivated by fears that an armed conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union by
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and the proxies usually bear the brunt of casualties and economic damage resulting from prolonged conflict.
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to equip the belligerent proxy-army to launch and fight and sustain a war to victory, and government power.
3186:
1972:
676:
436:
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3185:"Fatalities in Terrorist Violence in Pakistan 2003–2015." SATP. SATP, 26 April 2015. Web. 28 April 2015.
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1982:
1169:
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is another example of the destructive impact of proxy wars. Since 2003, nearly 500,000 have died in the
2155:, and insurgent groups, or assistance to a national revolt against foreign occupation. For example, the
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from their victory as a proxy, siding with the
Lancastrians against the Yorkists who were backed by the
1446:
3162:"Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001–2022 | Figures | Costs of War"
3077:
2746:. Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State. Archived from
35:
2346:
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413:
287:
141:
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Wilde, Robert. "Mutually
Assured Destruction." About Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 23 April 2015.
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2007:
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1421:
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3076:"Operation Rolling Thunder." History. A&E Television Networks, LLC., n.d. Web. 28 April 2015.
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Ports, Piracy and
Maritime War: Piracy in the English Channel and the Atlantic, c. 1280-c. 1330
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8:
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2369:). This war cost hundreds of thousands of lives and billions of dollars, bankrupting the
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2991:"Iran and Saudi Arabia's cold war is making the Middle East even more dangerous"
2720:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1499983/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan
2700:
Prof CJ. "Ep. 0014: Fall of the Soviet Empire." Prof CJ, 21 July 2014. MP3 file.
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2274:
2167:. Many proxy wars began assuming a distinctive ideological dimension after the
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by proxy actors after a series of costly drawn-out direct engagements in the
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3285:
Tom Stevenson, "In the Grey Zone" (review of Eli Berman and David A. Lake,
2559:
Carr, Mike (2016). France, John; Rogers, Clifford; De Vries, Kelly (eds.).
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3022:"Proxy War in Yemen: Saudi Arabia and Iran Vie for Regional Supremacy"
3236:"Does Warfare Matter? Severity, Duration, and Outcomes of Civil Wars"
3131:
2533:
Making Sense of Proxy Wars: States, Surrogates & the Use of Force
2243:
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This article is about the type of war. For a list of proxy wars, see
2897:
3020:
Bednarz, Dieter; Reuter, Christoph; Zand, Bernhard (3 April 2015).
2409:
2354:
2306:
2195:
1894:
1869:
1502:
1134:
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2848:"War on the cheap?: assessing the costs and benefits of proxy war"
43:(1975–2002), a proxy conflict involving the USSR and United States
2172:
1904:
1864:
1628:
1462:
1458:
805:
790:
666:
327:
322:
292:
231:
193:
3311:
Surrogate Warfare: The Transformation of War in the 21st Century
2119:, both of which initiated a longstanding practice of supporting
3338:
3205:"Why Proxy Wars in the Middle East Are (Probably) Here to Stay"
2471:
Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements
1411:
812:
629:
365:
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887:
423:
418:
16:
Type of armed conflict between two states or non-state actors
2389:
2358:
2322:
2211:
183:
178:
2408:, more than 176,000 were killed between 2001 and 2021. In
2505:
My Enemy's Enemy: Proxy Warfare in International Politics
56:
2652:
The Real History of the Cold War: A New Look at the Past
2613:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Books. pp. 17–19.
2317:, as well as in the ongoing series of conflicts between
2060:
supported by an external third-party power. In the term
39:
Soviet military advisers planning operations during the
2301:
Another common motivating factor is the existence of a
2507:. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. pp. 5, 12–13.
2242:
The governments of some nations, particularly liberal
3287:
Proxy Wars: Suppressing Violence through Local Agents
2139:
as proxies to harass Western European powers in the
3144:"Yemen: Why is the war there getting more violent?"
2611:
Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World
2563:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 163–166.
2531:Williams, Brian Glyn (2012). Innes, Michael (ed.).
3052:"Saudi Arabia, Iran and the 'Great Game' in Yemen"
3019:
2635:http://psiw.journals.ikiu.ac.ir/article_1351.html
2396:. Since 2011, more than 500,000 have died in the
3351:
2744:U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian
2535:. Washington DC: Potomac Books. pp. 61–63.
2412:, more than 57,000 have been killed since 2003.
3234:Balcells, L.; Kalyvas, S. N. (1 January 2014).
3233:
2561:Journal of Medieval Military History, Volume 10
2029:
2583:
2361:. Equally, if not more, significant was the
2266:spurred a recurrence of war weariness, the "
2577:
2554:
2552:
2473:. Abingdon: Routledge Books. p. 1869.
2163:to undermine the Ottoman Empire during the
2800:"Proxy Warfare and the Future of Conflict"
2526:
2524:
2226:. Other examples of proxy war include the
2036:
2022:
3259:
2905:
2815:
2655:. New York: Sterling Publishers. p.
2644:
2642:
2468:
2879:"Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma"
2549:
2530:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2279:
2052:is an armed conflict fought between two
1000:List of military strategies and concepts
34:
2797:
2648:
2521:
2159:partially organized and instigated the
3352:
3309:; Andreas Krieg and Jean-Marc Rickli,
3227:
3032:from the original on 29 September 2015
2876:
2858:from the original on 29 September 2015
2639:
2608:
2502:
2400:. Over 377,000 people had died in the
3215:from the original on 5 September 2015
2953:"How to stop the fighting, sometimes"
2793:
2791:
2602:
2487:
3197:
3058:from the original on 30 October 2014
2696:
2694:
2558:
2971:from the original on 16 August 2017
2431:Grey-zone (international relations)
2210:was a cost-effective way to combat
13:
3279:
2788:
2776:. A&E Television Networks, LLC
2462:
14:
3381:
3331:
3124:
2852:repository.library.georgetown.edu
2762:
2732:
2712:
2691:
3337:
3001:from the original on 5 July 2017
2798:Mumford, Andrew (1 April 2013).
2290:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
74:
3299:Proxy War: The Least Bad Option
3179:
3154:
3136:
3106:
3088:
3070:
3044:
3013:
2983:
2945:
2877:Jervis, Robert (January 1978).
2870:
2840:
2703:
2056:, wherein one belligerent is a
3240:Journal of Conflict Resolution
2673:
2627:
2469:Osmańczyk, Jan Edmund (2002).
2441:Russia–United States relations
1:
3209:Political Violence @ a Glance
2584:Heebøll-Holm, Thomas (2013).
2456:
2153:national-liberation movements
2064:, the non-state actor is the
2817:10.1080/03071847.2013.787733
2588:. Leiden: Brill. p. 8.
2349:, a U.S bombing campaign in
7:
2740:"The Korean War, 1950–1953"
2436:China–North Korea relations
2419:
2416:can be many times greater.
2237:
1493:Military–industrial complex
972:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
3386:
2446:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
2336:
2250:because of the so-called "
2089:
25:
18:
2347:Operation Rolling Thunder
1557:Loss-of-strength gradient
414:Combat information center
3252:10.1177/0022002714547903
2609:Watson, William (2003).
2503:Hughes, Geraint (2014).
2373:and contributing to its
2048:In political science, a
1875:Military science fiction
1360:Technology and equipment
781:List of military tactics
26:Not to be confused with
2907:2027/uc1.31158011478350
2072:nation-state government
1943:Wartime sexual violence
1699:Full-spectrum dominance
1510:Supply-chain management
3324:London Review of Books
3191:7 January 2016 at the
2649:Axelrod, Alan (1997).
2404:by early 2022. In the
2294:
2175:political ideology of
1855:Awards and decorations
1828:Peace through strength
1803:Low-intensity conflict
1437:Conscientious objector
1310:Area of responsibility
44:
2770:"Vietnam War History"
2725:29 April 2015 at the
2283:
447:Torpedo data computer
437:Ship gun fire-control
38:
3346:at Wikimedia Commons
3313:, Georgetown, 2019,
3082:8 April 2015 at the
2685:5 April 2015 at the
2426:Arsenal of Democracy
2380:The conflict in the
2200:conventional warfare
1973:Military occupations
1808:Military engineering
1710:Unrestricted Warfare
1567:Force multiplication
465:Military manoeuvrers
3118:18 May 2015 at the
2171:, which pitted the
2096:classical antiquity
1659:Penal military unit
1644:Rules of engagement
1320:Command and control
945:Operations research
409:Director (military)
399:Fire-control system
169:Command and control
50:Part of a series on
3301:, Stanford, 2019,
3297:; Tyrone L. Groh,
3211:. 27 August 2015.
3100:2 May 2015 at the
2406:war in Afghanistan
2295:
2157:British government
2135:likewise used the
2117:Hundred Years' War
2076:conventional force
1768:Counter-insurgency
1689:Command of the sea
1634:Jewish laws on war
1609:Geneva Conventions
1145:Divide and conquer
940:Military operation
905:Tactical objective
404:Fire-control radar
381:Electronic-warfare
45:
21:List of proxy wars
3342:Media related to
3319:978 1 62616 678 3
3307:978 1 5036 0818 4
3295:978 1 50173 306 2
3289:, Cornell, 2019,
2997:. 30 March 2015.
2570:978-1-78327-130-6
2542:978-1-59797-230-7
2367:Operation Cyclone
2363:Soviet–Afghan War
2224:Soviet–Afghan War
2204:nuclear holocaust
2169:Spanish Civil War
2141:Mediterranean Sea
2125:Wars of the Roses
2046:
2045:
1938:Horses in warfare
1885:Anti-war movement
1788:Gunboat diplomacy
1778:Disaster response
1726:Philosophy of war
1721:Principles of war
1694:Deterrence theory
1639:Right of conquest
1562:Lanchester's laws
1330:Principles of war
1020:Counter-offensive
1005:Military campaign
910:Target saturation
833:Counterinsurgency
442:Gun data computer
376:Close air support
338:Aircraft carriers
41:Angolan Civil War
3377:
3341:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3246:(8): 1390–1418.
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3201:
3195:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3166:The Costs of War
3158:
3152:
3151:
3150:. 14 April 2023.
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2987:
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2938:
2932:
2926:. Archived from
2909:
2883:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2819:
2804:The RUSI Journal
2795:
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2574:
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2547:
2546:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2500:
2485:
2484:
2466:
2402:Yemeni Civil War
2398:Syrian Civil War
2325:, especially in
2303:security dilemma
2287:
2260:Syrian Civil War
2252:Vietnam Syndrome
2202:would result in
2187:ideology of the
2129:Burgundian State
2104:Byzantine Empire
2038:
2031:
2024:
1793:Humanitarian aid
1731:Security dilemma
1552:Power projection
1335:Economy of force
1315:Chain of command
1030:Defence in depth
1015:Commerce raiding
838:Defeat in detail
174:Defense ministry
78:
69:
68:
59:
47:
46:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3365:Warfare by type
3350:
3349:
3334:
3282:
3280:Further reading
3277:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3193:Wayback Machine
3184:
3180:
3170:
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3120:Wayback Machine
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3102:Wayback Machine
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3089:
3084:Wayback Machine
3075:
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2898:10.2307/2009958
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2727:Wayback Machine
2717:
2713:
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2687:Wayback Machine
2678:
2674:
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2640:
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2596:
2582:
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2557:
2550:
2543:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2501:
2488:
2481:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2422:
2339:
2293:
2285:
2240:
2208:Western nations
2165:First World War
2137:Barbary pirates
2092:
2058:non-state actor
2042:
2013:
2012:
1963:
1953:
1952:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1850:
1840:
1839:
1813:Multilateralism
1798:Law enforcement
1758:
1748:
1747:
1716:Just war theory
1674:
1664:
1663:
1614:Geneva Protocol
1584:
1574:
1573:
1547:
1537:
1536:
1478:
1468:
1467:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1305:
1295:
1294:
1260:
1250:
1249:
1180:Network-centric
1100:
1090:
1089:
997:
987:
986:
935:
925:
924:
873:Rapid dominance
778:
768:
767:
723:Electromagnetic
632:
622:
621:
608:
561:
509:
485:
475:
474:
470:Combat training
451:
428:
394:Combat systems:
390:
352:
348:Auxiliary ships
314:
274:
270:Military police
236:
159:
149:
148:
88:
62:
61:
60:
55:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3348:
3347:
3333:
3332:External links
3330:
3329:
3328:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3226:
3196:
3178:
3153:
3135:
3123:
3105:
3087:
3069:
3054:. Al Jazeera.
3043:
3026:Spiegel Online
3012:
2982:
2944:
2892:(2): 167–214.
2886:World Politics
2869:
2839:
2787:
2761:
2750:on 2 July 2015
2731:
2711:
2702:
2690:
2672:
2666:978-1402763021
2665:
2638:
2626:
2620:978-0275974701
2619:
2601:
2595:978-9004235700
2594:
2576:
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2520:
2514:978-1845196271
2513:
2486:
2480:978-0415939201
2479:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2451:Hybrid warfare
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2394:Iraqi conflict
2338:
2335:
2284:
2275:United Nations
2239:
2236:
2133:Ottoman Empire
2091:
2088:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
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1980:
1978:Military terms
1975:
1970:
1964:
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1958:
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1838:
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1832:
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1825:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:Tripwire force
1728:
1723:
1718:
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1706:
1701:
1696:
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1258:Administrative
1256:
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1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:New generation
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:Fleet in being
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1098:Grand strategy
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:Scorched earth
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
998:
993:
992:
989:
988:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
962:Deep operation
959:
954:
947:
942:
936:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
891:
890:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
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835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
809:
808:
803:
798:
788:
779:
774:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
763:Unconventional
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
711:
709:Disinformation
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
680:
679:
674:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
633:
628:
627:
624:
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607:
606:
605:
604:
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602:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
560:
559:
558:
557:
556:
555:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
508:
507:
506:
505:
500:
495:
486:
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
467:
462:
460:Basic training
457:
450:
449:
444:
439:
434:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
389:
388:
386:Reconnaissance
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
313:
312:
307:
305:Special forces
302:
297:
296:
295:
285:
280:
273:
272:
267:
262:
260:Reconnaissance
257:
252:
247:
242:
235:
234:
225:
220:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
160:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:
145:
144:
139:
129:
128:
127:
122:
112:
111:
110:
103:Post-classical
100:
95:
89:
84:
83:
80:
79:
71:
70:
52:
51:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3382:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2957:The Economist
2954:
2948:
2933:on 1 May 2015
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2695:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2645:
2643:
2636:
2630:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2351:North Vietnam
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:United States
2308:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2268:War on Terror
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:war weariness
2254:" of extreme
2253:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:war-weariness
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2149:fifth columns
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:client states
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:Warrior caste
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1835:Show of force
1833:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:Peacebuilding
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Air supremacy
1677:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Islamic rules
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:Court-martial
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:Arms industry
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Broken-backed
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
990:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
957:Expeditionary
955:
953:
952:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
934:
929:
928:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
889:
886:
885:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
828:Counterattack
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
771:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
753:Psychological
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
689:Combined arms
687:
685:
682:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
626:
625:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
601:
598:
597:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
566:
563:
562:
554:
551:
550:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
528:Fortification
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
510:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
488:
487:
484:
479:
478:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
349:
346:
344:
343:Landing craft
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
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2183:against the
2181:Nazi Germany
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1948:Fifth column
1928:War resister
1923:Women in war
1818:Peacekeeping
1763:Arms control
1708:
1397:Mobilization
1392:Conscription
1350:Intelligence
1303:Organization
1204:
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878:Encirclement
758:Radiological
694:Conventional
548:Subterranean
455:Development:
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318:Naval units:
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255:Intelligence
240:Specialties:
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164:Organization
115:Early modern
32:
3261:2072/205395
3171:1 September
2774:History.com
2382:Middle East
2343:Vietnam War
2270:syndrome."
2264:Middle East
2248:Vietnam War
2244:democracies
2232:Vietnam War
2222:during the
2194:During the
2161:Arab Revolt
2115:during the
2100:Middle Ages
1933:War studies
1756:Non-warfare
1684:Appeasement
1649:Martial law
1488:War economy
1427:Transgender
1380:Recruitment
1140:Containment
1025:Culminating
933:Operational
853:Envelopment
796:Air assault
677:Air cavalry
637:Air defence
617:Information
518:Cold-region
483:Battlespace
432:Historical:
278:Land units:
204:Space force
199:Coast guard
132:Late modern
93:Prehistoric
28:Proxy fight
3370:Proxy wars
3354:Categories
3344:Proxy wars
2457:References
2228:Korean War
2220:mujahideen
2121:privateers
1993:War crimes
1983:Operations
1890:Foot drill
1860:Battle cry
1773:deterrence
1432:Harassment
1407:Specialism
1230:Technology
1225:Succession
1170:Liberation
1105:Asymmetric
1040:Empty fort
951:Blitzkrieg
920:Withdrawal
883:Investment
662:Camouflage
657:Biological
595:Underwater
570:Amphibious
489:Aerospace
356:Air units:
333:Submarines
142:fourth-gen
137:industrial
125:napoleonic
3270:220536755
2965:0013-0613
2924:154923423
2834:153479115
2826:0307-1847
2292:locations
2185:communist
2062:proxy war
2050:proxy war
1880:War novel
1783:Grey-zone
1743:War games
1704:Overmatch
1654:War crime
1604:Desertion
1594:Ceasefire
1589:Armistice
1476:Logistics
1454:Mercenary
1442:Volunteer
1373:Personnel
1345:Engineers
1290:Sociology
1245:World war
1240:Total war
1220:Strategic
1210:Religious
1195:Political
1190:Perpetual
1165:Irregular
1080:Offensive
1055:Defensive
1050:Deception
1010:Attrition
863:Guerrilla
858:Formation
801:Airbridge
733:Loitering
647:Artillery
300:Artillery
250:Engineers
218:Irregular
189:Air force
3213:Archived
3189:Archived
3148:BBC News
3116:Archived
3098:Archived
3080:Archived
3056:Archived
3030:Archived
2999:Archived
2969:Archived
2856:Archived
2723:Archived
2683:Archived
2420:See also
2410:Pakistan
2384:between
2375:collapse
2355:Cambodia
2313:and the
2307:Cold War
2238:Abstract
2230:and the
2196:Cold War
2098:and the
2084:matériel
2074:or as a
1895:War song
1870:War film
1503:Materiel
1422:Children
1402:Training
1340:Medicine
1325:Doctrine
1280:Training
1215:Resource
1200:Princely
1150:Economic
1135:Conquest
1130:Colonial
1125:Cold war
1110:Blockade
995:Strategy
967:Maneuver
728:Infantry
684:Chemical
538:Mountain
498:Airborne
361:Fighters
328:Warships
283:Infantry
209:Reserves
157:Military
2916:2009958
2337:Effects
2173:fascist
2113:England
2094:During
2090:History
2008:Writers
2003:Weapons
1968:Battles
1917:Related
1905:Wargame
1900:Uniform
1848:Culture
1629:Perfidy
1624:Justice
1545:Science
1530:Outpost
1483:History
1463:Warrior
1459:Soldier
1447:foreign
1385:counter
1285:Service
1235:Theater
1175:Limited
1155:Endemic
1070:Nuclear
843:Foxhole
818:Cavalry
806:Airdrop
791:Airlift
776:Tactics
748:Nuclear
738:Missile
667:Cavalry
652:Barrage
630:Weapons
590:Surface
371:Command
366:Bombers
323:Frogman
293:Cavalry
265:Medical
232:Militia
214:Regular
194:Marines
108:castles
98:Ancient
86:History
65:outline
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2131:. The
2109:France
1988:Sieges
1672:Theory
1412:Morale
1270:Policy
1265:Branch
1045:Mosaic
1035:Fabian
982:Covert
915:Trench
900:Screen
823:Charge
813:Battle
786:Aerial
704:Denial
672:Horses
600:Seabed
553:Tunnel
533:Jungle
523:Desert
493:Aerial
3266:S2CID
2931:(PDF)
2920:S2CID
2912:JSTOR
2882:(PDF)
2830:S2CID
2729:>.
2331:Syria
2327:Yemen
2177:Italy
2067:proxy
1961:Lists
1417:Women
1355:Ranks
1275:Staff
1205:Proxy
1120:Class
1075:Naval
1060:Depth
895:Swarm
888:Siege
868:Naval
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743:Music
718:Robot
714:Drone
699:Cyber
642:Armor
612:Cyber
585:Green
580:Brown
543:Urban
503:Space
424:Radar
419:Sonar
288:Armor
245:Staff
223:Ranks
3315:ISBN
3303:ISBN
3291:ISBN
3221:2015
3173:2021
3132:SOHR
3064:2015
3038:2015
3007:2015
2977:2015
2961:ISSN
2939:2015
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2822:ISSN
2782:2015
2756:2015
2661:ISBN
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2390:Iran
2388:and
2359:Laos
2357:and
2329:and
2323:Iran
2321:and
2212:NATO
2179:and
2111:and
1998:Wars
1515:Base
1065:Goal
977:Raid
575:Blue
513:Land
184:Navy
179:Army
3321:),
3256:hdl
3248:doi
2995:Vox
2902:hdl
2894:doi
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1582:Law
1525:FOB
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