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or dialects where pronoun avoidance occurs while more prevalent forms of the language lack it. Many
Orthodox Jews, when addressing a rabbi, teacher, or other spiritual authority, will address him with the word "Rebbi" instead of "you." The practice is very old, dating at least to the Talmud, and has
173:
or pronoun avoidance, using proper names instead. Since autistic children often have difficulty with pronouns, this phenomenon has been attributed variously to input from adults avoiding pronouns, or abnormalities in how children with ASD experience the
46:, where two or more different pronouns are used contextually to convey formality or familiarity. In contrast, languages with pronoun avoidance tend to feature complex systems of
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largely replace all pronouns, but it is also common particularly for women to refer to themselves by name, and titles are often used for third parties.
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been noted in
Halachic literature. However, though some English-speaking Jews do this, this practice is absent in English as a whole.
366:
316:
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89:, also exhibits pronoun avoidance, to such an extent that Maynard suggests that Japanese “lacks a pronominal system”.
532:"An experimental comparison of the understanding and use of speaker-addressee personal pronouns in autistic children"
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261:
570:
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279:"TRANSLATING PRONOUNS, PROPER NAMES AND KINSHIP TERMS FROM INDONESIAN INTO ENGLISH AND VICE VERSA"
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54:, instead employing expressions referring to status, relationship or title. In these languages,
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Proceedings of the 38th Annual Boston
University Conference on Language Development
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Pronoun avoidance may extend to first and third person pronouns as well. In
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still exist, but are used primarily to address social equals and inferiors.
397:
Pham, Hoa (2001). "Gender in addressing and self-reference in
Vietnamese".
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was invented in the 1950s to function as a polite second-person pronoun.
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Gender across languages: the linguistic representation of women and men
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characterizes the following languages as exhibiting pronoun avoidance:
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190:, where pronouns may be omitted when they can be inferred from context
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An
Introduction to Japanese Grammar and Communication Strategies
309:"What's the Difference between 'Anda' and 'Kamu' in Indonesian?"
536:
International
Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
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233:. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
77:("mother") for men and women respectively, and the neologism
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571:"Personal Pronoun Avoidance in Deaf Children with Autism"
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69:, the standard terms of respectful forms of address are
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Languages with pronoun avoidance cluster in East and
229:. In Dryer, Matthew S.; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.).
513:"Feature 45A: Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns"
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50:and use pronoun avoidance as a form of negative
580:, vol. 2, Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press
476:Moses Maimonides, Unparalleled Editions Online
252:Brown, Penelope; Levinson, Stephen C. (1987).
334:(4th ed.). The Japan Times. p. 45.
254:Politeness: some universals in language usage
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231:The World Atlas of Language Structures Online
361:. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 105.
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569:Shield, Aaron; Meier, Richard P. (2014),
438:"Speaking to a Rabbi in the Third Person"
256:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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413:"Okay to address a rabbi with "you"?"
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227:"Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns"
112:Languages featuring pronoun avoidance
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87:elaborate system of honorific speech
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16:Phenomenon in some spoken languages
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118:World Atlas of Language Structures
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401:. Vol. 2. pp. 281–312.
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315:. 24 May 2018. Archived from
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42:Many languages feature the
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484:10.1163/9789004234758.ma60
355:Maynard, Senko K. (1997).
330:Maynard, Senko K. (1993).
548:10.3109/13682828909011954
442:judaism.stackexchange.com
417:judaism.stackexchange.com
169:(ASD) frequently exhibit
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73:(literally "father") and
530:Jordan, Rita R. (1989).
167:autism-spectrum disorder
502:Chida, Yoreh Deah 242:6
103:As well, there may be
56:second person pronouns
85:, well known for its
277:Morin, Izak (2005).
65:. For example, in
28:nominal expressions
461:Brachos 27b et al.
368:978-0-8248-1799-2
188:Pro-drop language
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20:Pronoun avoidance
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598:Linguistics
517:WALS Online
377:j.ctt6wqqv1
38:Linguistics
34:in speech.
30:instead of
592:Categories
489:2023-11-27
205:References
155:Vietnamese
130:Indonesian
105:sociolects
94:Vietnamese
67:Indonesian
52:politeness
48:honorifics
603:Pronouns
182:See also
135:Japanese
83:Japanese
556:2605110
447:1 April
422:1 April
382:1 April
293:1 April
237:1 April
125:Burmese
24:kinship
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161:Autism
145:Korean
574:(PDF)
373:JSTOR
140:Khmer
71:Bapak
552:PMID
449:2024
424:2024
384:2024
363:ISBN
336:ISBN
295:2024
258:ISBN
239:2024
176:self
150:Thai
116:The
79:Anda
544:doi
480:doi
75:Ibu
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