Halakha - Knowledge

1579: 2598: 2763:(decree) when perceived to be inconsistent with modern requirements or views of ethics. The CJLS has used this power on a number of occasions, most famously in the "driving teshuva", which says that if someone is unable to walk to any synagogue on the Sabbath, and their commitment to observance is so loose that not attending synagogue may lead them to drop it altogether, their rabbi may give them a dispensation to drive there and back; and more recently in its decision prohibiting the taking of evidence on 9346: 3829: 9360: 8145: 7705: 64: 58: 7719: 3815: 1073: 3140: 7768: 2827: 2570:. Overall, this process allows rabbis to maintain connection of traditional Jewish law to modern life. Of course, the degree of flexibility depends on the sect of Judaism, with Reform being the most flexible, Conservative somewhat in the middle, and Orthodox being much more stringent and rigid. Modern critics, however, have charged that with the rise of movements that challenge the "divine" authority of 1353: 2379: 70: 2388: 2724: 4602:אבל האמת להוראה כבר נאמר לא בשמים היא אלא כפי שנראה להחכם אחרי שעיין כראוי לברר ההלכה בש"ס ובפוסקים כפי כחו בכובד ראש וביראה מהשי"ת ונראה לו שכן הוא פסק הדין הוא האמת להוראה ומחוייב להורות כן אף אם בעצם גליא כלפי שמיא שאינו כן הפירוש, ועל כזה נאמר שגם דבריו דברי אלקים חיים מאחר שלו נראה הפירוש כמו שפסק ולא היה סתירה לדבריו. ויקבל שכר על הוראתו אף שהאמת אינו כפירוש. 2074:("he who makes a statement", "decisor") proposes an additional interpretation of a law, that interpretation may be considered binding for the posek's questioner or immediate community. Depending on the stature of the posek and the quality of the decision, an interpretation may also be gradually accepted by other rabbis and members of other Jewish communities. 2501:

era, most Jewish religious rituals are no longer necessary, and many hold that following most Jewish laws is actually counter-productive. They propose that Judaism has entered a phase of ethical monotheism, and that the laws of Judaism are only remnants of an earlier stage of religious evolution, and need not be followed. This is considered wrong, and even

2848: 1949:: the science which defines the rules and methods for the investigation and exact determination of the meaning of the Scriptures; also includes the rules from which the Halakhot are derived and which were established by the written law. These may be seen as the rules from which early Jewish law is derived. 2804:

as "inoperative." The CJLS adopted the responsum's view that the "morality which we learn through the larger, unfolding narrative of our tradition" informs the application of Mosaic law. The responsum cited several examples of how the rabbinic sages declined to enforce punishments explicitly mandated

2634:. They were then recorded in the Mishnah, and explained in the Talmud and commentaries throughout history up until the present day. Orthodox Judaism believes that subsequent interpretations have been derived with the utmost accuracy and care. The most widely accepted codes of Jewish law are known as 2348:

Akiva devoted his attention particularly to the grammatical and exegetical rules, while Ishmael developed the logical. The rules laid down by one school were frequently rejected by another because the principles that guided them in their respective formulations were essentially different. According

3441:

is a commentary on the Shulchan Aruch, is very innovative in it's interpretation of Talmudic law and often disagrees with the writings of the author's predecessors and contemporaries, including the Turei Zahav. Even so, it was considered by a majority of Talmudists as of the highest authority, and

2536:

has a degree of flexibility in finding solutions to modern problems that are not explicitly mentioned in the Torah. From the very beginnings of Rabbinic Judaism, halakhic inquiry allowed for a "sense of continuity between past and present, a self-evident trust that their pattern of life and belief

2508:

Humanistic Jews value the Torah as a historical, political, and sociological text written by their ancestors. They do not believe "that every word of the Torah is true, or even morally correct, just because the Torah is old". The Torah is both disagreed with and questioned. Humanistic Jews believe

2488:

believed that "Jewish life meaningless without Jewish law.", and one of the planks of the Society for the Jewish Renascence, of which Kaplan was one of the founders, stated: "We accept the halakha, which is rooted in the Talmud, as the norm of Jewish life, availing ourselves, at the same time, of

1632:

This division between revealed and rabbinic commandments may influence the importance of a rule, its enforcement and the nature of its ongoing interpretation. Halakhic authorities may disagree on which laws fall into which categories or the circumstances (if any) under which prior rabbinic rulings

2500:

represents a personal starting-point, holding that each Jew is obligated to interpret the Torah, Talmud and other Jewish works for themselves, and this interpretation will create separate commandments for each person. Those in the liberal and classical wings of Reform believe that in this day and

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Thus, whoever has due regard for the truth will conclude that the reason the interpretation of the Torah was transmitted orally and forbidden to be written down was not to make unchanging and not to tie the hands of the sages of every generation from interpreting Scripture according to their

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decision to recognize that authority, much as a community recognizes a certain judicial system to resolve its disputes and interpret its laws." Given this covenantal relationship, rabbis are charged with connecting their contemporary community with the traditions and precedents of the past.

1477:

is developed and applied by various halakhic authorities rather than one sole "official voice", different individuals and communities may well have different answers to halakhic questions. With few exceptions, controversies are not settled through authoritative structures because during the

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holds that halakha is normative and binding, while also believing that it is an evolving concept and that the traditional halakhic system is incapable of producing a code of conduct that is meaningful for, and acceptable to, the vast majority of contemporary Jews. Reconstructionist founder

3727:. Fifteen volumes thus far, covering a wide range of subjects, from Shabbat to organ donations, and in addition to clearly posing the practical law – reflecting the customs of various communities – also discusses the spiritual foundations of the Halakhot. It is widely studied in the 2813:

has been effectively inoperative for nearly two thousand years due to deliberate rabbinic inaction. Further he suggested that the rabbis have long regarded the punishment declared by the Torah as immoral, and came to the conclusion that no court should agree to hear testimony on

2186:.) However, the Talmud states that in exceptional cases, the Sages had the authority to "uproot matters from the Torah". In Talmudic and classical Halakhic literature, this authority refers to the authority to prohibit some things that would otherwise be Biblically sanctioned ( 3606:

P'sakim U'T'shuvot, by Rabbi Aharon Aryeh Katz, the son in law of Rabbi Ben-Zion Simcha Isaac Rabinowitz, is a commentary on the Halakhic decrees of Rabbi Yosef Karo in the Yoreh De'ah section of the Shulchan Aruch, in a format almost identical to that of the Piskei

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as laid out in the Torah (five books of Moses), rabbinical laws, rabbinical decrees, and customs combined. The rabbis, who made many additions and interpretations of Jewish Law, did so only in accordance with regulations they believe were given for this purpose to

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in the Mishna Berura. Based on the collected opinions of various contemporary Acharonim, it includes practical solutions and instructions for Halakhic issues common to the modern way of life, and is generally oriented towards the decrees of the Hassidic Halakhic

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The middot seem to have been first laid down as abstract rules by the teachers of Hillel, though they were not immediately recognized by all as valid and binding. Different schools interpreted and modified them, restricted or expanded them, in various ways.

2549:

When presented with contemporary issues, rabbis go through a halakhic process to find an answer. The classical approach has permitted new rulings regarding modern technology. For example, some of these rulings guide Jewish observers about the proper use of

2322:("repeater") to whom they are first ascribed. It is certain, however, that the seven middot ("measurements", and referring to behavior) of Hillel and the thirteen of Ishmael are earlier than the time of Hillel himself, who was the first to transmit them. 2037:, being the principle recognizing non-Jewish laws and non-Jewish legal jurisdiction as binding on Jewish citizens, provided that they are not contrary to a law in Judaism. This principle applies primarily in areas of commercial, civil and criminal law. 2047:

functioned essentially as the Supreme Court and legislature (in the US judicial system) for Judaism, and had the power to administer binding law, including both received law and its own rabbinic decrees, on all Jews—rulings of the Sanhedrin became

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has developed in a somewhat different fashion from Anglo-American legal systems with a Supreme Court able to provide universally accepted precedents. Generally, Halakhic arguments are effectively, yet unofficially, peer-reviewed. When a rabbinic

2056:. That court ceased to function in its full mode in 40 CE. Today, the authoritative application of Jewish law is left to the local rabbi, and the local rabbinical courts, with only local applicability. In branches of Judaism that follow 2208:. Another rare and limited form of takkanah involved overriding Torah prohibitions. In some cases, the Sages allowed the temporary violation of a prohibition in order to maintain the Jewish system as a whole. This was part of the basis for 1905:

argued that there was little pure academic legal activity at this period and that many of the laws originating at this time were produced by a means of neighbourly good conduct rules in a similar way as carried out by Greeks in the age of

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understanding. Only in this way can the eternity of Torah be understood , for the changes in the generations and their opinions, situation and material and moral condition requires changes in their laws, decrees and improvements.

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will of God. Although Orthodox Judaism acknowledges that rabbis have made many decisions and decrees regarding Jewish Law where the written Torah itself is nonspecific, they did so only in accordance with regulations received by

2754:

A key practical difference between Conservative and Orthodox approaches is that Conservative Judaism holds that its rabbinical body's powers are not limited to reconsidering later precedents based on earlier sources, but the

2992:

soon superseded the geonic codes, as it contained all the decisions and the laws then relevant, and additionally, served as an accessible Talmudic commentary; it has been printed with almost every subsequent edition of the

3473:, as well as the underlying reasoning. The work was written partly so that laymen would be able to study Jewish law. Unfortunately, most of the work was lost in a fire prior to publication. It is the basis of practice for 2674:

that a rabbi who studies the texts carefully is required to provide a halakhic decision. That decision is considered to be a true teaching, even if it is not the true teaching in according to the heavens. For instance,

2495:

holds that modern views of how the Torah and rabbinic law developed imply that the body of rabbinic Jewish law is no longer normative (seen as binding) on Jews today. Those in the "traditionalist" wing believe that the

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can be re-examined by contemporary rabbis, but all Halakhic Jews hold that both categories exist and that the first category is immutable, with exceptions only for life-saving and similar emergency circumstances.

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Some scholars have observed a similarity between these rabbinic rules of interpretation and the hermeneutics of ancient Hellenistic culture. For example, Saul Lieberman argues that the names of rabbi Ishmael's

2574:, traditional Jews have greater reluctance to change, not only the laws themselves but also other customs and habits, than traditional Rabbinical Judaism did prior to the advent of Reform in the 19th century. 2746:

is that the Torah is not the word of God in a literal sense. However, the Torah is still held as mankind's record of its understanding of God's revelation, and thus still has divine authority. Therefore,

2361:, a combination of the archaic form of the word for "straw" and the word for "clay" – "straw and clay", referring to the obvious ) are Hebrew translations of Greek terms, although the methods of those 2751:

is still seen as binding. Conservative Jews use modern methods of historical study to learn how Jewish law has changed over time, and are, in some cases, willing to change Jewish law in the present.

2202:

on Shabbat. These examples of takkanot which may be executed out of caution lest some might otherwise carry the mentioned items between home and the synagogue, thus inadvertently violating a Sabbath

2085:, unless supported by another, relevant earlier precedent; see list below. On the other hand, another principle recognizes the responsibility and authority of later authorities, and especially the 2984:(1013–1103); it has summations of the legal material found in the Talmud. Alfasi transcribed the Talmud's halakhic conclusions verbatim, without the surrounding deliberation; he also excluded all 2775:

permits lifting rabbinic decrees (as distinct from carving narrow exceptions) on grounds of human dignity, and used this principle in a December 2006 opinion lifting all rabbinic prohibitions on

4571: 3123:

1298) – serves both as a source of analysis, as well as of decided law. Mordechai considered about 350 halakhic authorities, and was widely influential, particularly amongst the Ashkenazi and

3078:, northern France). "SeMaG" is organised around the 365 negative and the 248 positive commandments, separately discussing each of them according to the Talmud (in light of the commentaries of 2666:

was given at Sinai, Orthodox thought (and especially modern Orthodox thought) encourages debate, allows for disagreement, and encourages rabbis to enact decisions based on contemporary needs.

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in Yiddish) stated that the Oral Torah was an oral tradition by design, to allow for the creative application of halakha to each time period, and even enabling halakha to evolve. He writes:

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Piskei T'shuvot, by Rabbi Ben-Zion Simcha Isaac Rabinowitz, is a commentary on the Halakhic decrees of Rabbi Yosef Karo in the Orach Chayim section of the Shulchan Aruch and those of Rabbi

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Under this system there is a tension between the relevance of earlier and later authorities in constraining Halakhic interpretation and innovation. On the one hand, there is a principle in

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to take into account its view of contemporary society. For instance, most Conservative rabbis extend the application of certain Jewish obligations and permissible activities to women (see

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is normative and binding, and is developed as a partnership between people and God based on Sinaitic Torah. While there are a wide variety of Conservative views, a common belief is that

1923:

The boundaries of Jewish law are determined through the Halakhic process, a religious-ethical system of legal reasoning. Rabbis generally base their opinions on the primary sources of

4180: 4700: 4745: 3882: 3004:(1135–1204). This work encompasses the full range of Talmudic law; it is organized and reformulated in a logical system – in 14 books, 83 sections and 1000 chapters – with each 5328:

At the Meeting of Time and Space. Sanctification in the Here and Now: The Table and the Bed. Sanctification and the Marital Bond. The Desacralization of the Household: The Bed.

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of the Geonim, and is presented in a form that is closer to the original Talmud language and structure. (Probably since it was distributed, also, amongst the newly established

3186:

covers only those areas of Jewish law that were in force in the author's time. The code is divided into four main sections; almost all codes since this time have followed the

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now conformed to the sacred patterns and beliefs presented by scripture and tradition". According to an analysis by Jewish scholar Jeffrey Rubenstein of Michael Berger's book

2524:, also referred to as the Noahide Laws. They are a set of imperatives which, according to the Talmud, were given by God to the "children of Noah" – that is, all of humanity. 3543: 2063:

Since the days of the Sanhedrin, however, no body or authority has been generally regarded as having the authority to create universally recognized precedents. As a result,

4383:"Just as science follows the scientific method, Judaism has its own system to ensure authenticity remains intact," said Rabbi Zalman Abraham of JLI's New York headquarters. 2345:

sought to give a complete enumeration of the rules of interpretation current in his day, but that they omitted from their collections many rules which were then followed."

7880: 4105: 3651:, and reflecting the very strict Hungarian customs of the 19th century. It became immensely popular after its publication due to its simplicity, and is still popular in 5370: 1640:, and the Oral Law, laws which are believed to have been transmitted orally prior to their later compilation in texts such as the Mishnah, Talmud, and rabbinic codes. 5424: 2809:), the "law of breaking the neck of the heifer," and the application of the death penalty for the "rebellious child." Kaplan Spitz argues that the punishment of the 2341:

and their scholars especially contributed to the development or establishment of these rules. "It must be borne in mind, however, that neither Hillel, Ishmael, nor

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The Conservative approach to halakhic interpretation can be seen in the CJLS's acceptance of Rabbi Elie Kaplan Spitz's responsum decreeing the biblical category of

2558:". This notion lends rabbis a certain degree of local authority; however, for more complex questions the issue is passed on to higher rabbis who will then issue a 3057:(1250?/1259?–1328), an abstract of the Talmud, concisely stating the final halakhic decision and quoting later authorities, notably Alfasi, Maimonides, and the 3734: 4241: 2566:

that is binding. Indeed, rabbis will continuously issue different opinions and will constantly review each other's work so as to maintain the truest sense of

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The antiquity of the rules can be determined only by the dates of the authorities who quote them; in general, they cannot safely be declared older than the

1267:

is often translated as "Jewish law", although a more literal translation might be "the way to behave" or "the way of walking". The word is derived from the

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Commandments are divided into positive and negative commands, which are treated differently in terms of divine and human punishment. Positive commandments

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as less binding in day-to-day life, because it relies on rabbinic interpretation, as opposed to the authoritative, canonical text which is recorded in the

3573:, 1870–1939) is similar in scope, authority and approach to the Mishnah Berurah. This work also surveys the views of many kabbalistic sages (particularly 2489:

the method implicit therein to interpret and develop the body of Jewish Law in accordance with the actual conditions and spiritual needs of modern life."

4841: 4677: 3928: 3747:, "from the Talmudic source through modern-day halachic application", similarly studied in the Religious Zionist community (and outside Israel, through 5406: 2114:

rulings concerning electricity are derived from rulings concerning fire, as closing an electrical circuit may cause a spark. In contrast, Conservative

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stated clearly. The Mishneh Torah is very influential to this day, and several later works reproduce passages verbatim. It also includes a section on

4568: 2871:, in 200 CE, as a basic outline of the state of the Oral Law in his time. This was the framework upon which the Talmud was based; the Talmud's 7209: 4126: 2349:

to Akiva, the divine language of the Torah is distinguished from the speech of men by the fact that in the former no word or sound is superfluous.

7599: 3740: 2141:, there is no one committee or leader, but Modern US-based Orthodox rabbis generally agree with the views set by consensus by the leaders of the 4771: 1762:

in which the spiritual leadership was in the hands of five successions of "pairs" of religious teachers, and to each of these pairs themselves.

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on the Sabbath and holidays. Often, as to the applicability of the law in any given situation, the proviso is to "consult your local rabbi or

6282: 2305: 4697: 4177: 5338:

The Desacralization of the Household: The Table. Foci, Sources, and Dissemination of Uncleanness. Purification from the Pollution of Death.

2190:, "thou shall stay seated and not do"). Rabbis may rule that a specific mitzvah from the Torah should not be performed, e. g., blowing the 1316:, certain areas of Israeli family and personal status law are under the authority of the rabbinic courts, so they are treated according to 4058: 1623:, laws believed to have been transmitted orally prior to their later compilation in texts such as the Mishnah, Talmud, and rabbinic codes. 7559: 4722: 4547: 4742: 4157: 1399: 7757: 6077: 5995: 5415: 5383: 2118:

consider that switching on electrical equipment is physically and chemically more like turning on a water tap (which is permissible by

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an action to be performed and are considered to bring the performer closer to God. Negative commandments (traditionally 365 in number)

5005: 3962: 4649: 9327: 6106: 3655:

as a framework for study, if not always for practice. This work is not considered binding in the same way as the Mishneh Torah or

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of Alfasi as its starting point. Ben Asher followed Maimonides's precedent in arranging his work in a topical order, however, the

2106:

frequently extend the application of a law to new situations, but do not consider such applications as constituting a "change" in

7605: 5460: 3758: 2509:

that the entire Jewish experience, and not only the Torah, should be studied as a source for Jewish behavior and ethical values.

2060:, lay individuals make numerous ad-hoc decisions but are regarded as not having authority to decide certain issues definitively. 5456: 5392: 4102: 8009: 6705: 6159: 5428: 3771:, known for addressing situations not commonly brought in other works, and for delineating the varying approaches amongst the 2325:

The Talmud gives no information concerning the origin of the middot, although the Geonim ("Sages") regarded them as Sinaitic (

1278:

Historically, widespread observance of the laws of the Torah is first in evidence beginning in the second century BCE. In the

6700: 5909: 3791: 2959:, published two generations later (but possibly written c. 743 CE), contains extensive additional material, mainly from 2756: 2154: 589: 5509: 4442: 3427:(1586-1667) is a commentary on the Shulchan Aruch and even today is accepted as one of the highest authories on Jewish Law. 3135:(Rabbi Isaac Alfasi), it is, in fact, an independent work. It has been printed with every edition of the Talmud since 1482. 1676:

and holidays). Through the ages, various rabbinical authorities have classified some of the 613 commandments in many ways.

947: 6609: 1901:, which has been described as the formative period in the history of its development, is shrouded in obscurity. Historian 6720: 6715: 6139: 3626:(1604–1657) is a reconstituted version of the Shulkhan Arukh, written in Portuguese with the explicit purpose of helping 3267:

in which Rabbi Karo traces the development of each law from the Talmud through later rabbinical literature (examining 32

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refers to the corpus of rabbinic legal texts, or to the overall system of religious law. The term may also be related to

992: 4370: 7532: 6409: 5710: 5115: 4957: 2096:

Notwithstanding the potential for innovation, rabbis and Jewish communities differ greatly on how they make changes in

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status on the grounds that implementing such a status is immoral. The CJLS has also held that the Talmudic concept of

8753: 8311: 8210: 8014: 6560: 6414: 5536: 5244: 5209: 5149: 5132: 5101: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5029: 4998: 4984: 4971: 4941: 4933: 4913: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4872: 4473: 3369:, typeset in a different script; today, "Shulchan Aruch" refers to the combined work of Karo and Isserles. Isserles' 2298: 1153: 1103: 5437: 8867: 8736: 8055: 6469: 6377: 4238: 2541:, the authority that rabbis hold "derives not from the institutional or personal authority of the sages but from a 2204: 2001:("repair" or "regulation"): "positive legislation", practices instituted by the rabbis not based (directly) on the 9402: 9322: 8669: 8570: 7634: 6828: 2014:: Customs, community practices, and customary law, as well as the exemplary deeds of prominent (or local) rabbis; 1398:, designating one or several obligations. It may be descended from hypothetical reconstructed Proto-Semitic root 5374: 8829: 8463: 8132: 8086: 7750: 6510: 6070: 5291: 5182: 2856: 1510: 4838: 4261: 3061:. This work superseded Rabbi Alfasi's and has been printed with almost every subsequent edition of the Talmud. 8182: 7994: 7611: 6932: 5871: 4674: 4534:

Satlow, Michael, and Daniel Picus. “Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.” Lecture. Providence, Brown University.

3925: 2855:

The most important codifications of Jewish law include the following; for complementary discussion, see also

2142: 3291:, together with its related commentaries, is considered by many to be the most authoritative compilation of 3206:("Teach Knowledge"): assorted ritual instructions and prohibitions, dietary laws and regulations concerning 3075: 1578: 8989: 8468: 8040: 7674: 7542: 7537: 6725: 6710: 6474: 6429: 6174: 5934: 5715: 3748: 3635: 2676: 2473:

is, and has always been, an evolving process subject to interpretation by rabbis in every time period. See

2291: 965: 2937:(c. 760), rearranges the Talmud passages in a structure manageable to the layman. (It was written in 2659:

authorities are more inclined to permit limited changes in customs and some reconsideration of precedent.

2627: 8984: 7974: 7639: 7624: 6505: 6365: 3093: 2780: 2647:

Orthodox Judaism has a range of opinions on the circumstances and extent to which change is permissible.

2452: 2326: 1424:

may draw upon the aggadic and even mystical literature, a dynamic interchange occurs between the genres.

390: 31: 8959: 8458: 7593: 7487: 7138: 7032: 6740: 6673: 6234: 6124: 5979: 4396: 3335: 3013: 2122:) than lighting a fire (which is not permissible), and therefore permitted on Shabbat. The reformative 1569:

According to one count, only 369 can be kept, meaning that 40% of mitzvot are not possible to perform.

176: 80: 3708:– interspersed with mystical insights and customs, addressed to the masses and arranged by the weekly 3412:

of the Jews of Eastern Europe. The Levush was exceptional among the codes, in that it treated certain

2081:

not to overrule a specific law from an earlier era, after it is accepted by the community as a law or

1420:, narrative, philosophical, mystical, and other "non-legal" texts. At the same time, since writers of 9422: 9412: 9042: 8149: 8030: 7964: 7890: 7824: 7743: 7709: 7649: 7547: 7527: 7397: 7322: 7182: 7049: 6735: 6695: 6063: 5851: 5810: 5720: 5666: 4768: 3772: 3712:. Its wide circulation and coverage has seen it become a standard reference work in Sephardi Halakha. 2938: 2480: 1275:

not only guides religious practices and beliefs; it also guides numerous aspects of day-to-day life.

196: 139: 4592: 1557:

of antiquity. Currently, many of the 613 commandments cannot be performed until the building of the

8837: 8819: 7999: 7989: 7819: 7629: 7460: 6759: 6634: 6023: 4419:"FAQ for Humanistic Judaism, Reform Judaism, Humanists, Humanistic Jews, Congregation, Arizona, AZ" 3847: 3541:; rules dealing with vows, agriculture, and ritual purity, are discussed in a second work known as 3463: 3365:("the Tablecloth"). His comments are now incorporated into the body of all printed editions of the 3071: 2784: 2474: 1287: 1057: 955: 678: 17: 9171: 3456: 3303:

on three authorities – Maimonides, Asher ben Jehiel (Rosh), and Isaac Alfasi (Rif); he considered

9212: 8999: 8488: 8473: 7984: 7928: 7798: 7582: 7571: 7165: 7086: 6791: 6690: 6629: 6515: 6488: 5953: 5882: 5865: 5789: 2138: 2093:

embodies a wide range of principles that permit judicial discretion and deviation (Ben-Menahem).

2029: 1990:("declaration"): "preventative legislation" of the rabbis, intended to prevent violations of the 206: 106: 3503:, (the "Chofetz Chaim", Poland, 1838–1933) is a commentary on the "Orach Chayim" section of the 1294:, since no differentiation of them exists in classical Judaism. Since the Jewish Enlightenment ( 9417: 9267: 9252: 7938: 7814: 7618: 7588: 6651: 6018: 5796: 5647: 5162: 4801: 4719: 4055: 3526: 3452: 1586: 1195: 1172: 1047: 683: 4544: 2783:

and that this remained prohibited). Conservative Judaism also made a number of changes to the

9371: 8964: 8642: 8453: 8117: 7644: 7565: 7347: 7054: 6937: 6678: 6668: 6661: 6646: 6532: 5705: 5529: 5176: 4154: 3857: 3124: 2667: 1946: 1096: 1052: 970: 9407: 9092: 8438: 8050: 7911: 7679: 7669: 7172: 6144: 5922: 5013: 3959: 3799: 3447: 2830: 2743: 2728: 2718: 2688: 2462: 2456: 2221: 2146: 1814: 1759: 1602: 1445:("commandments") in the Torah, as developed through discussion and debate in the classical 1027: 960: 115: 1982:

Regulations and other "legislative" enactments promulgated by rabbis and communal bodies:

1927:

as well as on precedent set by previous rabbinic opinions. The major sources and genre of

8: 9247: 8387: 8304: 7327: 7295: 7221: 7130: 7076: 6683: 6483: 6217: 6182: 5959: 5617: 5137: 4655: 4569:"A journal’s new editor wants to steer the Modern Orthodox debate into the 21st century." 3798:. This scholarly work is based on the previous traditional law codes, but written from a 3795: 3623: 3116: 3088: 3066: 2150: 1888: 1806: 1446: 1301: 982: 673: 446: 282: 2630:). These regulations were transmitted orally until shortly after the destruction of the 1525: 1404:

meaning "to go", which also has descendants in Akkadian, Arabic, Aramaic, and Ugaritic.

9062: 8721: 8575: 8560: 8538: 8282: 8262: 8215: 8205: 8127: 8107: 7659: 7654: 7465: 7187: 7064: 7059: 7044: 7014: 6967: 6890: 6796: 6656: 6229: 6134: 6101: 5747: 5642: 5612: 5171: 5156: 4821: 4630: 4517: 4352: 3599: 3562: 3550: 3500: 3481:

and is quoted as authoritative by many subsequent works, Hasidic and non-Hasidic alike.

3455:(c. 1800) was an attempt to re-codify the law as it stood at that time – incorporating 3424: 3339: 2934: 2892: 2886: 2732: 2623: 2521: 2448: 2053: 1566: 1502: 1042: 372: 186: 149: 41: 6942: 6818: 9047: 8969: 8807: 8550: 8545: 8498: 8423: 8417: 8257: 8175: 8112: 7943: 7443: 7374: 7256: 7241: 7024: 6895: 6860: 6149: 5741: 5634: 5572: 5396: 5287: 5240: 5205: 5145: 5128: 5111: 5097: 5039: 5025: 4994: 4980: 4967: 4953: 4937: 4929: 4909: 4889: 4868: 4825: 4521: 4469: 3728: 3704:, 1832–1909) is a collection of the laws on everyday life – parallel in scope to the 3533:

through the perspective of the major Rishonim. The work follows the structure of the

3438: 3245: 3042: 1384: 1357: 465: 260: 168: 4343:

Daube, David (1949). "Rabbinic methods of interpretation and Hellenistic rhetoric".

9052: 9019: 8518: 8382: 8377: 8342: 8004: 7979: 7969: 7772: 7509: 7477: 7438: 7409: 7392: 7342: 7143: 6952: 6885: 6838: 6786: 6754: 6745: 6730: 6604: 6579: 6555: 6439: 6370: 6287: 6154: 6043: 6029: 5947: 5858: 5769: 5522: 4813: 4509: 3652: 3640: 3522: 3516: 3474: 3354: 3272: 3155: 3145: 3109: 3054: 2929: 2431: 2342: 2111: 1572: 1558: 1529: 1257:, and the customs and traditions which were compiled in the many books such as the 1218: 1124: 1089: 751: 650: 386: 347: 332: 88: 63: 5478: 5469: 2680: 1554: 1254: 9301: 9274: 9262: 9242: 9176: 9154: 9134: 9129: 9109: 8974: 8954: 8949: 8852: 8812: 8523: 8448: 8372: 8357: 8277: 8076: 7933: 7793: 7419: 7414: 7226: 7153: 6986: 6957: 6880: 6870: 6833: 6808: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6599: 6594: 6584: 6569: 6360: 6277: 6244: 6202: 6192: 6036: 5928: 5888: 5514: 5236: 5199: 4881: 4862: 4845: 4775: 4749: 4726: 4704: 4681: 4575: 4551: 4463: 4446: 4313: 4286: 4245: 4226: 4184: 4161: 4109: 4062: 4032: 3966: 3932: 3752: 3724: 3720: 3496: 3478: 3231: 3213: 3163: 2942: 2837: 2656: 2485: 2417: 1479: 1368: 1279: 1224: 1190: 1184: 1163: 987: 895: 789: 342: 134: 99: 4439: 2597: 1628:

Laws of human origin, including rabbinic decrees, interpretations, customs, etc.

9378: 9186: 9104: 8693: 8659: 8610: 8595: 8367: 8272: 8252: 8242: 8071: 8045: 7916: 7885: 7788: 7723: 7698: 7519: 7426: 7384: 7364: 7352: 7332: 7246: 7236: 7204: 7197: 7177: 7148: 7120: 7115: 7081: 6991: 6915: 6905: 6843: 6641: 6589: 6500: 6495: 6257: 6252: 6187: 6116: 5966: 5916: 5803: 5588: 5564: 4817: 4465:

Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions

4223: 4205: 3867: 3820: 3764: 3670: 3558: 3389: 3319: 3251: 3203: 2956: 2909: 2771: 2648: 2640: 2492: 1971: 1862: 1636:

A second classical distinction is between the Written Law, laws written in the

1562: 1469: 1325: 1259: 1077: 851: 646: 535: 441: 337: 213: 201: 144: 127: 94: 4513: 3647:

1804–1886), a "digest", covering applicable Halakha from all four sections of

3342:

to be appended to the text of the Shulkhan Aruch for cases where Sephardi and

9396: 9232: 9191: 9077: 9057: 9029: 8979: 8944: 8918: 8913: 8906: 8857: 8797: 8637: 8627: 8585: 8508: 8503: 8433: 8392: 8316: 8102: 7921: 7492: 7337: 7264: 7071: 7005: 6978: 6927: 6875: 6848: 6823: 6813: 6574: 6520: 6454: 6434: 6424: 6419: 6392: 6338: 6267: 6212: 5556: 5344: 5279: 5269: 5259: 5249: 5228: 5218: 4918: 3852: 3842: 3709: 3666: 3584: 3350: 3283:– stating each ruling simply; this work follows the chapter divisions of the 3167: 3029: 2997: 2977: 2776: 2635: 2631: 2338: 1966: 1850: 1832:("greats" or "geniuses") presided over the two major Babylonian Academies of 1818: 1792:. Their teachings and discussions were compiled into the two versions of the 1772: 1609: 1463: 1337: 1333: 1291: 1232: 903: 818: 327: 227: 191: 57: 3901: 2779:

conduct (the opinion held that only male-male anal sex was forbidden by the

2655:(customs) must be retained, and existing precedents cannot be reconsidered. 2592: 2137:

Within certain Jewish communities, formal organized bodies do exist. Within

1664:, the law prohibiting wearing clothing made of mixtures of linen and wool), 1393: 9364: 9114: 9082: 9037: 8775: 8770: 8741: 8654: 8632: 8600: 8533: 8513: 8407: 8347: 8337: 8289: 8247: 8225: 8168: 8122: 7472: 7269: 7231: 7192: 6781: 6525: 6464: 6444: 6404: 6387: 6355: 6343: 6304: 6222: 6197: 5758: 5580: 4976: 4200: 3862: 3693: 3592: 3580: 3554: 3358: 3235: 3207: 3200:, through the course of the day, the weekly sabbath and the festival cycle. 3193: 3020:

science and metaphysics; others suggest that it is within the tradition of

2981: 2904: 2868: 2736: 2588: 2426: 2198: 1902: 1833: 1637: 1613: 1598: 1329: 1309: 1268: 1037: 1032: 977: 856: 761: 721: 668: 622: 426: 235: 4462:

Corrigan, John; Denny, Frederick; Jaffee, Martin S.; Eire, Carlos (2016).

2216:(Xeres). For general usage of takkanaot in Jewish history see the article 1679:

A different approach divides the laws into a different set of categories:

1482:, Jews lacked a single judicial hierarchy or appellate review process for 9286: 9227: 9217: 9014: 9009: 8847: 8748: 8664: 8623: 8590: 8555: 8478: 8402: 8352: 8267: 7870: 7840: 7482: 6997: 6922: 6900: 6803: 6397: 6326: 6321: 6309: 6299: 5753: 5623: 5604: 5596: 3787: 3697: 3662: 3574: 3021: 3009: 2551: 2334: 1582: 1439: 1341: 1313: 663: 120: 7735: 5446: 4634: 4618: 4356: 3442:

they applied his decisions to actual cases as the final word of the Law.

2805:

by Torah law. The examples include the trial of the accused adulteress (

69: 9350: 9279: 9159: 9097: 8842: 8763: 8758: 8716: 8698: 8686: 8647: 8493: 8483: 8443: 8428: 8412: 8362: 8299: 8294: 7576: 7283: 6865: 6459: 6207: 6129: 5895: 5763: 3834: 3256: 3001: 2847: 2614: 2439: 1912: 1776: 1620: 1458: 1240: 908: 658: 451: 246: 4979:, "Meta-Halakhah: Logic, Intuition, and the Unfolding of Jewish Law", 3515:

decisions. It has become the authoritative halakhic guide for much of

2759:(CJLS) is empowered to override Biblical and Taanitic prohibitions by 1286:

served many Jewish communities as an enforceable avenue of law – both

9257: 9222: 9164: 9139: 9004: 8901: 8889: 8874: 8862: 8790: 8708: 8681: 8565: 7497: 6962: 6853: 6764: 6382: 6316: 5120: 4591:

Feinstein, Rabbi Moshe. "Introduction to Orach Chayim Chelek Aleph".

3570: 3512: 3489: 3343: 3197: 3120: 3058: 3017: 2968: 2964: 2872: 2279: 2213: 2043: 1898: 1871: 1837: 1789: 1601:

which are believed to have been revealed by God to the Israelites at

876: 575: 421: 398: 9345: 6333: 5175: 4802:"Menasseh ben Israel's Thesouro dos Dinim: Reeducating the New Jews" 4004: 3828: 3323: 1344:

and other Jewish communities which historically lived in isolation.

9306: 9291: 8994: 8879: 8676: 8220: 7948: 7855: 7850: 7216: 7158: 7103: 7098: 6769: 6055: 5835: 5699: 5155: 3877: 3308: 3217: 3196:("The Way of Life"): worship and ritual observance in the home and 3175: 3037: 2960: 2791:, permitting women to chant from the Torah, and ordaining women as 2671: 2513: 2408: 2274: 2262: 2217: 2166: 2022: 1997: 1986: 1845: 1810: 1801: 1719:"Our Sages, may their memory be blessed"): all Jewish sages of the 1417: 1296: 933: 918: 881: 871: 866: 731: 617: 570: 556: 413: 362: 181: 154: 3673:(Poland, 1748–1820) are similar Ashkenazi works; the first covers 3139: 9196: 9144: 9124: 9072: 8802: 8618: 8580: 8528: 7865: 7860: 7431: 7315: 7310: 7300: 7288: 7108: 7037: 6972: 6947: 6910: 6774: 6449: 6348: 6272: 6164: 6090: 4949:

Legal Traditions of the World – Sustainable Diversity in Law

3701: 3644: 3566: 3408:

of Isserles, which is too brief", that particularly stresses the

3221: 3083: 2985: 2864: 2841: 2602: 2403: 2398: 2319: 2257: 2252: 2123: 1784: 1767: 1724: 1673: 1660: 1590: 1450: 1412: 1245: 1229: 1017: 923: 841: 746: 736: 691: 551: 546: 517: 505: 473: 352: 303: 298: 288: 251: 49: 7767: 4964:

Divine Law in Human Hands – Case Studies in Halakhic Flexibility

4864:

The Origins of Judaism: An Archaeological-Historical Reappraisal

4779:

Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly

4708:

Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly

4003:

Schiffman, Lawrence H. "Second Temple and Hellenistic Judaism".

3883:

We do not rule based on categorical inferences in monetary cases

2723: 2687:− which exists in an ideal realm−to people's lived experiences. 1965:

The post-Talmudic codificatory literature, such as Maimonides's

9296: 9149: 8894: 8785: 8780: 8726: 8397: 8035: 7875: 7502: 7369: 7305: 6001: 5973: 5940: 5829: 5736: 5692: 5685: 5676: 5660: 5653: 5302:

Faith, Thanksgiving, Enlandisement: Possession and Partnership.

3872: 3612: 3409: 3346: 3327: 3271:, beginning with the Talmud and ending with the works of Rabbi 3225: 3033: 2896: 2877: 2800: 2788: 2765: 2502: 2269: 2242: 2220:. For examples of this being used in Conservative Judaism, see 2209: 2192: 2102: 2010: 2002: 1991: 1953: 1940: 1936: 1828: 1793: 1728: 1720: 1712: 1506: 1494: 1454: 1250: 1022: 913: 861: 846: 836: 831: 804: 799: 782: 756: 741: 726: 701: 696: 612: 565: 540: 522: 436: 431: 408: 367: 357: 293: 270: 265: 5360: 1651:

a specific action, and violations create a distance from God.

9237: 9181: 9087: 8928: 8731: 8230: 7845: 7453: 7448: 7402: 7357: 7278: 7273: 6537: 6292: 6262: 5902: 5783: 5776: 5286:

The Brill Reference Library of Judaism. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

4418: 4083: 3467: 3300: 3268: 3105: 3079: 2924: 2882: 2792: 2619: 2555: 2444: 2413: 2247: 2070: 1907: 1747: 1429: 1379:

translates as "the way to walk", rather than "law". The word

1352: 1236: 1139: 1130: 928: 826: 775: 768: 632: 627: 607: 602: 597: 512: 500: 495: 490: 483: 478: 403: 275: 241: 5312:

Transcendent Transactions: Where Heaven and Earth Intersect.

5094:

Jewish Jurisprudence: Its Sources & Modern Applications

2378: 9119: 9067: 8923: 8321: 8237: 7906: 7552: 6086: 3279:(literally "set table") is, in turn, a condensation of the 2920:

was influential on both of the following, subsequent works.

2916:– exploring and addressing various questions on these. The 2692: 2170:) in general do not affect or restrict observance of Torah 1917: 1668:("judgements" – laws with obvious social implications) and 1498: 1145: 1142: 1012: 527: 5491: 2826: 2387: 8191: 3587:, is a voluminous, widely cited and contemporary work of 3396:

at a level "midway between the two extremes: the lengthy

3234:("The Breastplate of Judgement"): The administration and 2082: 5487: 3743:. Six volumes covering 300 topics from all areas of the 2881:; completed c. 500) became the basis for all later 2457:

Orthodox Judaism, Beliefs about Jewish law and tradition

2033:("the law of the king is law"): an additional aspect of 4619:"The Religious Philosophy of Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik" 4461: 1658:("decrees" – laws without obvious explanation, such as 1561:

and the universal resettlement of the Jewish people in

8160: 4071: 4056:"Introduction to Halacha, the Jewish Legal Tradition." 3622:

Thesouro dos Dinim ("Treasury of religious rules") by

1387: 5500: 5349:

The Law of Agriculture in the Mishnah and the Tosefta

5284:

The Halakhah: An Encyclopaedia of the Law of Judaism.

5144:, Jewish Publication Society trans. Lawrence Kaplan. 4500:

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. xii, 226 pp".

4203:(1952). "The Historical Foundations of the Halacha". 3767:. Thirty volumes on the entire spectrum of topics in 1935:

The foundational Talmudic literature (especially the

1271:

which means "to behave" (also "to go" or "to walk").

1154: 4324:. Jewish Theological Seminary of America. p. 68 4293:. Jewish Theological Seminary of America. p. 47 3810: 3802:

point of view, and not accepted among Orthodox Jews.

3040:– as well as for a growing community referred to as 1375:– "to walk" or "to go". Taken literally, therefore, 1177: 1136: 4127:"How Many of the Torah's Commandments Still Apply?" 3392:(c. 1530–1612). A ten-volume work, five discussing 2089:handling a then-current question. In addition, the 1813:Babylonia due to the suppression of Judaism in the 1133: 1127: 5544: 4799: 4033:"Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/halak- - Wiktionary" 3786:("A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice") by Rabbi 5201:A Living Tree: The Roots and Growth of Jewish Law 5012:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from 5004:Messick, Brinkley; Kéchichian, Joseph A. (2009). 5003: 4951:(5th edition) ed.). Oxford University Press. 4089: 3400:of Karo on the one hand, and on the other Karo's 9394: 5264:A History of the Mishnaic Law of Appointed Times 4496:Rubenstein, Jeffrey L. (2002). "Michael Berger. 3941: 2613:is a religious system whose core represents the 1672:("testimonies" or "commemorations", such as the 1416:("the telling"), the diverse corpus of rabbinic 5170: 4623:Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought 3998: 3996: 3630:from Iberia reintergrate into halakhic Judaism. 3174:from the Torah text and the Talmud through the 4763: 4761: 4262:"TALMUD HERMENEUTICS - JewishEncyclopedia.com" 4178:"5. The 'Written Torah' and the 'Oral Torah.'” 3960:"Jewish Custom (Minhag) Versus Law (Halacha)." 3755:communities; 15 bilingual translated volumes). 2670:says in his introduction to his collection of 1771:("repeaters") were rabbis living primarily in 1542:are in the Torah, 248 positive ("thou shalt") 1497:both mean literally "the path to follow". The 8176: 8010:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations (UOHC) 7751: 6071: 5530: 2299: 1758:– 30 CE, "Era of the Pairs") during the 1438:constitutes the practical application of the 1243:. Halakha is based on biblical commandments ( 1097: 5233:A History of the Mishnaic Law of Holy Things 5010:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 4654:, translated by Yaakov Elman, archived from 4600: 3993: 3980: 3978: 3778:; for both reasons they are often reprinted. 3086:) and the other codes existent at the time. 3016:. (Some claim this section draws heavily on 2577: 1605:. These laws are composed of the following: 1347: 7560:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 5361:Full-text resources of major halakhic works 5334:Inside the Walls of the Israelite Household 5324:Inside the Walls of the Israelite Household 5197: 4758: 4720:"Frequently Asked Questions about Masorti." 4149: 4147: 4011:Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception 3127:communities. Although organised around the 2406:) and the legal divine judgment rulings of 1788:("sayers") lived in both Eretz Yisrael and 8183: 8169: 7758: 7744: 6078: 6064: 5537: 5523: 5239:: Eugene, Or: Wipf and Stock Publ., 2007, 5174:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). 4537: 4495: 2306: 2292: 1957:– the Talmudic process of elucidating the 1779:in the form of the Mishnah; 0–200 CE. 1104: 1090: 7765: 5274:A History of the Mishnaic Law of Damages. 5223:A History of the Mishnaic Law of Purities 5198:Dorff, Elliot N.; Rosett, Arthur (1988). 4394: 4371:"Vail course explores origins of Judaism" 4311: 4284: 3975: 3330:, 1525 to 1572). Isserles noted that the 2131: 1519: 1392:, a property tax, rendered in Aramaic as 9328:History of the American legal profession 6107:Index of Jewish history-related articles 4927:Jewish Law: History, Sources, Principles 4239:"Committee on Jewish Law and Standards." 4144: 4013:. Vol. 11. De Gruyter. pp. 2–8 3138: 2899:of the halakhic material in the Talmud. 2846: 2825: 2722: 2596: 2505:, by Orthodox and Conservative Judaism. 1976: 1694:Laws about relations with other people ( 1577: 1351: 8015:International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF) 7606:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 6243: 5608:(Stumbling block in front of the blind) 5254:A History of the Mishnaic Law of Women. 3529:(1829–1888) is a scholarly analysis of 3519:Ashkenazic Jewry in the postwar period. 2988:(non-legal, and homiletic) matter. The 2875:analysis of the content of the Mishna ( 2712: 1916:, contains a formulation of the law of 1428:also does not include the parts of the 14: 9395: 4616: 4287:"Rabbinic interpretation of scripture" 3338:tradition, and he created a series of 3315:as the basis for their daily practice. 3024:.) It is the main source of practical 2821: 2227: 2025:, "questions and answers") literature. 1702: 1691:"between a person and the Place"), and 1489:According to some scholars, the words 8164: 7739: 6059: 5518: 5186:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. 5125:Halakhic Process: A Systemic Analysis 4946: 4860: 4590: 4342: 4213:. Historical Society of Israel: 1–55. 4124: 4077: 4002: 3947: 3792:Committee on Jewish Law and Standards 3507:, discussing the application of each 2757:Committee on Jewish Law and Standards 2155:Committee on Jewish Law and Standards 1751:("pairs"), both the 200-year period ( 1698:, "between a person and his friend"). 1526:Mitzvah § Mitzvot and Jewish law 1223: 1189: 6085: 5506:A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice 5022:Contrasts in American and Jewish Law 4199: 2679:believes that the job of a halakhic 2126:in some cases explicitly interprets 1910:. For example, the first chapter of 1546:and 365 negative ("thou shalt not") 7995:Rabbinical Council of America (RCA) 5225:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Part I–XXII. 5036:A Restatement of Rabbinic Civil Law 4675:"Halakhah in Conservative Judaism." 4647: 4601: 3926:"Halacha: The Laws of Jewish Life." 2941:, and subsequently translated into 2582: 1654:A further division is made between 1167: 24: 7553:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 7533:American Jewish Historical Society 5910:Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah 5235:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Part I–VI. 5191: 4800:Moreno-Goldschmidt, Aliza (2020). 3984: 25: 9434: 8312:Restitution and unjust enrichment 5355: 4755:. 14 February 1985. 8 April 2019. 4103:"The 613 Commandments (Mitzvot)." 3577:), when these impact the Halakha. 3488:, providing analysis in light of 3484:Works structured directly on the 3373:is similarly a commentary on the 3295:since the Talmud. In writing the 3100:, including additional practical 3074:(first half of the 13th century, 2912:(c. 752) discusses over 190 1849:("firsts") are the rabbis of the 1716: 1688: 1509:, with fatwas being analogous to 9359: 9358: 9344: 8144: 8143: 8128:Rabbinic authority / Da'as Torah 7766: 7717: 7704: 7703: 5883:One commandment leads to another 5266:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Part I–V. 4581:. 7 February 2019. 8 April 2019. 4395:Cedarbaum, Daniel (6 May 2016). 4167:. 5 November 2008. 9 April 2019. 3827: 3813: 3591:, based on the rulings of Rabbi 3349:differed (based on the works of 2662:Despite the Orthodox views that 2386: 2377: 1123: 1071: 68: 62: 56: 9323:History of the legal profession 5127:, Jewish Theological Seminary. 4854: 4832: 4793: 4784: 4735: 4713: 4690: 4668: 4641: 4610: 4584: 4561: 4528: 4489: 4455: 4433: 4411: 4388: 4363: 4336: 4305: 4278: 4254: 4232: 4217: 4193: 4170: 4118: 4095: 2601:Hasidim walk to the synagogue, 2532:Despite its internal rigidity, 2396:The artistic freedom spirit of 7625:Relations with other religions 5592:(Sanctification of God's name) 5256:Leiden: E. J. Brill. Part I–V. 5183:New International Encyclopedia 4936:); Jewish Publication Society 4886:Contemporary Halakhic Problems 4732:. 25 March 2014. 8 April 2019. 4314:"The Hermeneutic Rules of the 4049: 4025: 3953: 3919: 3894: 3416:from a Kabbalistic standpoint. 3216:("The Rock of the Helpmate"): 3158:(lit. "The Four Columns"; the 2857:History of responsa in Judaism 2787:including counting women in a 2651:Jews generally hold that even 2527: 2368: 1875:("lasts") are the rabbis from 1575:divides laws into categories: 13: 1: 7612:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 5318:Within Israel’s Social Order. 5276:Leiden: E. J.Brill. Part I–V. 5038:(11 vols), Gefen Publishing. 5008:. In John L. Esposito (ed.). 5006:"Fatwā. Process and Function" 4651:Introduction to the דור רביעי 4322:Hellenism in Jewish Palestine 4291:Hellenism in Jewish Palestine 4090:Messick & Kéchichian 2009 3888: 3143:An illuminated manuscript of 2475:Conservative Judaism, Beliefs 2143:Rabbinical Council of America 1876: 1854: 1752: 1732: 1432:not related to commandments. 1304:, some have come to view the 1228:), is the collective body of 7543:Leo Baeck Institute New York 7538:American Sephardi Federation 4743:"Conservative Assembly ...." 3790:with contributions from the 3263:is a huge commentary on the 2727:A mixed-gender, egalitarian 2677:Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik 1920:worded in the first person. 1394: 1388: 1320:. Some minor differences in 7: 7975:Central Rabbinical Congress 6366:Constantinopolitan Karaites 5568:(Desecration of God's name) 4991:Jewish Law: An Introduction 4508:(2) (2 ed.): 356–359. 4345:Hebrew Union College Annual 3985:Jacobs, Louis. "Halakhah". 3806: 3689:pertinent to everyday life. 3511:in light of all subsequent 3190:s arrangement of material. 3094:Isaac ben Joseph of Corbeil 2609:Orthodox Jews believe that 2327:Law given to Moses at Sinai 1975:with its commentaries (see 1461:"), and as codified in the 1178: 10: 9439: 8990:International legal theory 8469:International slavery laws 8464:International human rights 8459:International criminal law 7912:United Torah Judaism (UTJ) 7594:National Library of Israel 6235:Zionism, race and genetics 5204:. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. 4947:Glenn, H. Patrick (2014). 4818:10.1007/s10835-020-09360-5 4373:. Vail Daily. 13 July 2015 4266:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 3361:). The glosses are called 3311:, generally, refer to the 2716: 2586: 2424: 2196:on Shabbat, or taking the 1886: 1523: 1235:that are derived from the 29: 9338: 9315: 9205: 9043:Administration of justice 9028: 8937: 8828: 8707: 8609: 8330: 8198: 8141: 8095: 8064: 8031:Agudath Israel of America 8023: 7957: 7899: 7833: 7807: 7781: 7692: 7548:Yeshiva University Museum 7528:Center for Jewish History 7518: 7383: 7255: 7129: 7023: 6554: 6173: 6115: 6097: 6011: 5988: 5821: 5729: 5675: 5633: 5555: 4867:. Yale University Press. 4828:– via SpringerLink. 4790:Kaplan Spitz, p. 577-584. 4617:Kaplan, Lawrence (1973). 4579:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 4514:10.1017/S0364009402250114 4468:(2 ed.). Routledge. 3096:is an abridgement of the 2980:was written by the Rabbi 2593:Yeshiva § Jewish law 2578:Denominational approaches 2516:are bound by a subset of 2481:Reconstructionist Judaism 2427:Talmud § Present day 2365:are not Greek in origin. 1897:in the period before the 1683:Laws in relation to God ( 1534:According to the Talmud ( 1410:is often contrasted with 1348:Etymology and terminology 8820:Basic structure doctrine 8670:Natural and legal rights 8551:Public international law 7990:Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah 7891:Orthodox Jewish outreach 6140:Ancient Israel and Judah 5600:(Derogatory information) 5108:Understanding Jewish Law 4839:Tzurba Learning-Schedule 4599: 4399:. Reconstructing Judaism 4397:"Reconstructing Halakha" 4312:Lieberman, Saul (1962). 4285:Lieberman, Saul (1962). 3848:Baraita of Rabbi Ishmael 3544:Aruch HaShulchan he'Atid 3425:Rabbi David HaLevi Segal 3170:). This work traces the 3072:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy 2785:role of women in Judaism 1555:legislated by the rabbis 1550:, supplemented by seven 30:Not to be confused with 9000:Principle of typicality 8474:International trade law 8190: 7985:Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah 6516:North African Sephardim 6489:Jewish tribes of Arabia 5711:Forbidden relationships 4861:Adler, Yonatan (2022). 4698:"Women and the Minyan." 4648:Glasner, Moshe Shmuel, 4450:Encyclopedia Britannica 4249:The Rabbinical Assembly 3717:Contemporary "series": 3681:, as well as laws from 3561:, by the Sephardi sage 3466:– and thus stating the 3439:Rabbi Shabbatai HaKohen 3307:in inconclusive cases. 3299:, Rabbi Karo based his 3070:(The "SeMaG") of Rabbi 2955:("Great Law Book"), by 2589:Semikhah § Concept 2512:Some Jews believe that 2412:(right, represented by 2139:Modern Orthodox Judaism 32:Halakha LeMoshe MiSinai 9403:Jewish law and rituals 7939:Noam (political party) 7619:Holocaust Encyclopedia 7589:Jewish Virtual Library 5852:B'rov am hadrat melech 5550:(Jewish religious law) 5351:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 5308:Between Israel and God 5298:Between Israel and God 5163:Encyclopedia Americana 5096:, Taylor and Francis. 4710:. OH 55:1.2002. p. 23. 3677:, the second in large 3527:Yechiel Michel Epstein 3453:Shneur Zalman of Liadi 3150: 2852: 2844: 2739: 2710: 2606: 2402:(left, represented by 1860:–1563), preceding the 1809:") lived primarily in 1612:, laws written in the 1593: 1587:Glockengasse Synagogue 1520:Commandments (mitzvot) 1360: 8995:Principle of legality 8754:Delegated legislation 8454:Intellectual property 8118:Torah im Derech Eretz 7566:Encyclopaedia Judaica 7348:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 6533:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 6283:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 5421:Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 5106:Steven H. Resnicoff, 5016:on November 20, 2015. 4781:. EH 4.2000a. p. 586. 3987:Encyclopaedia Judaica 3858:Jewish medical ethics 3706:Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 3636:Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 3600:Yisroel Meir ha-Kohen 3501:Yisroel Meir ha-Kohen 3410:customs and practices 3142: 3115:"The Mordechai" – by 2933:("Decided Laws"), by 2850: 2829: 2726: 2717:Further information: 2705: 2691:, the chief rabbi of 2668:Rabbi Moshe Feinstein 2600: 2416:and his sons) on the 2212:'s relationship with 2019:she'eloth u-teshuvoth 1947:Talmudic hermeneutics 1943:) with commentaries; 1581: 1501:literature parallels 1355: 1312:. Under contemporary 27:Jewish rabbinical law 9213:Barristers' chambers 9155:Legal representation 9093:Justice of the peace 8439:Financial regulation 8051:World Agudath Israel 6145:Second Temple period 5923:Positive commandment 5866:Dina d'malkhuta dina 5618:You shall not murder 5403:Shulchan Aruch HaRav 5110:, LexisNexis, 2012. 5020:Daniel Pollack ed., 4767:Kaplan Spitz, Elie. 4125:Danzinger, Eliezer. 3492:material and codes: 3457:commentaries on the 3448:Shulchan Aruch HaRav 3388:("Levush") of Rabbi 3224:and other issues in 2851:Shulchan Aruch HaRav 2744:Conservative Judaism 2719:Conservative halakha 2713:Conservative Judaism 2689:Moshe Shmuel Glasner 2463:Conservative Judaism 2222:Conservative halakha 2147:Conservative Judaism 2110:. For example, many 2030:Dina d'malchuta dina 1977:#Codes of Jewish law 1815:Eastern Roman Empire 1760:Second Temple period 1696:bein adam le-chavero 1603:biblical Mount Sinai 1367:is derived from the 9248:Election commission 8960:Expressive function 8489:Landlord–tenant law 8388:Consumer protection 7929:National Union (NU) 7583:Jewish Encyclopedia 7328:Hekhalot literature 7139:Religious movements 6674:Judeo-Tripolitanian 5822:Halakhic principles 5576:(Theft of the mind) 5138:Joseph Soloveitchik 4498:Rabbinic Authority. 3800:Conservative Jewish 3796:Rabbinical Assembly 3624:Menasseh Ben Israel 3615:-oriented works of 3464:subsequent responsa 3318:The works of Rabbi 3117:Mordecai ben Hillel 3089:Sefer Mitzvot Katan 3067:Sefer Mitzvot Gadol 3014:fundamental beliefs 2822:Codes of Jewish law 2228:Historical analysis 2151:Rabbinical Assembly 1931:consulted include: 1893:The development of 1889:Rabbinic literature 1703:Sources and process 1589:(museum exhibits), 1559:Temple in Jerusalem 1447:rabbinic literature 1302:Jewish emancipation 983:Abrahamic religions 882:Selichot (S'lichot) 674:Bar and bat mitzvah 177:Principles of faith 9206:Legal institutions 9073:Lawsuit/Litigation 9063:Dispute resolution 8868:Catholic canon law 8576:State of emergency 8539:Will and testament 8263:Law of obligations 8216:Constitutional law 8206:Administrative law 7724:Judaism portal 7660:Jews and Halloween 7655:Jews and Christmas 7045:Rabbinic authority 6797:Judaeo-Piedmontese 6230:Xueta Christianity 6135:Origins of Judaism 6102:Outline of Judaism 5996:Capital punishment 5643:Corpse uncleanness 4989:Mendell Lewittes, 4923:Ha-Mishpat ha-Ivri 4844:2020-07-24 at the 4774:2019-12-27 at the 4748:2019-12-31 at the 4725:2019-06-19 at the 4703:2020-06-17 at the 4685:My Jewish Learning 4680:2019-12-24 at the 4574:2019-03-31 at the 4556:My Jewish Learning 4550:2018-12-25 at the 4545:The Shulchan Aruch 4445:2016-01-21 at the 4244:2019-05-09 at the 4183:2019-07-02 at the 4160:2019-07-02 at the 4153:Sinclair, Julian. 4108:2019-04-20 at the 4080:, pp. 183–84. 4066:My Jewish Learning 4061:2019-01-04 at the 3970:My Jewish Learning 3965:2019-12-25 at the 3936:My Jewish Learning 3931:2019-07-18 at the 3563:Yaakov Chaim Sofer 3404:together with the 3151: 2939:vernacular Aramaic 2935:Yehudai ben Nahman 2883:halakhic decisions 2853: 2845: 2740: 2628:Deuteronomy 5:8–13 2607: 2539:Rabbinic Authority 2522:Seven Laws of Noah 2041:In antiquity, the 1708:Eras of Jewish law 1594: 1563:the Land of Israel 1361: 1356:A full set of the 1078:Judaism portal 1043:Holocaust theology 9388: 9387: 9048:Constitutionalism 8970:Law and economics 8808:Act of parliament 8546:Product liability 8499:Legal archaeology 8424:Environmental law 8418:Entertainment law 8258:International law 8158: 8157: 8113:Religious Zionism 8000:Agudas HaRabbonim 7944:Jerusalem Faction 7825:Hasidic dynasties 7733: 7732: 7699:extinct languages 7600:YIVO Encyclopedia 7375:Hebrew literature 7343:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 7183:Reconstructionist 6861:Judaeo-Portuguese 6550: 6549: 6506:Eastern Sephardim 6150:Synagogal Judaism 6053: 6052: 5716:Gender separation 4993:, Jason Aronson. 4037:en.wiktionary.org 3729:Religious Zionist 3334:was based on the 3259:(1488–1575). The 3043:talmidei haRambam 2908:("Questions") by 2840:section, laws of 2742:The view held by 2453:Deuteronomy 17:11 2316: 2315: 2188:shev v'al ta'aseh 2178:refers to either 1941:Babylonian Talmud 1775:who codified the 1685:bein adam laMakom 1505:developed in the 1449:, especially the 1358:Babylonian Talmud 1225:[haˈlɔχɔ] 1191:[halaˈχa] 1176: 1114: 1113: 466:Important figures 140:Reconstructionist 16:(Redirected from 9430: 9423:Rabbinic Judaism 9413:Orthodox Judaism 9363: 9362: 9361: 9349: 9348: 9172:Question of fact 9053:Criminal justice 8383:Construction law 8378:Conflict of laws 8343:Agricultural law 8185: 8178: 8171: 8162: 8161: 8152: 8147: 8146: 8005:United Synagogue 7980:Iggud HaRabbonim 7970:Edah HaChareidis 7775: 7774:Orthodox Judaism 7770: 7760: 7753: 7746: 7737: 7736: 7722: 7721: 7720: 7707: 7706: 6839:Judeo-Golpaygani 6440:Palestinian Jews 6415:Alexandrian Jews 6371:Crimean Karaites 6288:Unterlander Jews 6241: 6240: 6155:Rabbinic Judaism 6080: 6073: 6066: 6057: 6056: 5960:Toch k'dei dibur 5770:Terumat hamaaser 5584:(Theft of sleep) 5539: 5532: 5525: 5516: 5515: 5449:(search on site) 5412:Aruch HaShulchan 5215: 5187: 5179: 5167: 5159: 5017: 4966:, Magnes Press. 4952: 4878: 4849: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4812:(3–4): 325–350. 4797: 4791: 4788: 4782: 4765: 4756: 4739: 4733: 4717: 4711: 4694: 4688: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4588: 4582: 4565: 4559: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4459: 4453: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4378: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4258: 4252: 4236: 4230: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4197: 4191: 4174: 4168: 4151: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4122: 4116: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4000: 3991: 3990: 3982: 3973: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3898: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3823: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3784:Temimei Haderech 3736:Tzurba M’Rabanan 3653:Orthodox Judaism 3641:Shlomo Ganzfried 3523:Aruch HaShulchan 3475:Chabad-Lubavitch 3355:Israel Isserlein 3273:Israel Isserlein 3055:Asher ben Jehiel 2953:Halakhot Gedolot 2930:Halachot Pesukot 2923:The first legal 2583:Orthodox Judaism 2432:Orthodox Judaism 2390: 2381: 2343:Eliezer ben Jose 2308: 2301: 2294: 2232: 2231: 2153:has an official 1881: 1878: 1859: 1856: 1757: 1754: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1718: 1690: 1573:Rabbinic Judaism 1530:613 commandments 1397: 1391: 1324:are found among 1227: 1222: 1193: 1188: 1181: 1171: 1169: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1106: 1099: 1092: 1076: 1075: 1074: 348:Aruch HaShulchan 72: 66: 60: 37: 36: 21: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9393: 9392: 9389: 9384: 9357: 9343: 9334: 9311: 9302:Political party 9275:Legal education 9263:Law enforcement 9243:Court of equity 9201: 9177:Question of law 9130:Practice of law 9110:Judicial review 9024: 8975:Legal formalism 8955:Comparative law 8950:Contract theory 8933: 8853:Legal pluralism 8824: 8813:Act of Congress 8737:Executive order 8703: 8605: 8524:Nationality law 8449:Immigration law 8373:Competition law 8326: 8194: 8189: 8159: 8154: 8150: 8137: 8091: 8077:Mishnah Berurah 8060: 8019: 7953: 7934:The Jewish Home 7895: 7829: 7803: 7777: 7773: 7764: 7734: 7729: 7718: 7716: 7688: 7514: 7379: 7251: 7125: 7019: 6834:Judeo-Borujerdi 6809:Judeo-Malayalam 6755:Judeo-Aragonese 6726:Lishanid Noshan 6558: 6546: 6278:Oberlander Jews 6239: 6169: 6111: 6093: 6084: 6054: 6049: 6007: 5984: 5817: 5737:Sabbatical year 5725: 5671: 5629: 5551: 5543: 5484:Peninei Halakha 5453:Mishnah Berurah 5363: 5358: 5212: 5194: 5192:Further reading 5177:"Halacha" 5157:"Halakah" 5154: 5092:Emanuel Quint, 5034:Emanuel Quint, 4888:(5 vols), Ktav 4882:J. David Bleich 4875: 4857: 4852: 4846:Wayback Machine 4837: 4833: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4785: 4776:Wayback Machine 4766: 4759: 4750:Wayback Machine 4740: 4736: 4727:Wayback Machine 4718: 4714: 4705:Wayback Machine 4696:Fine, David J. 4695: 4691: 4687:. 8 April 2019. 4682:Wayback Machine 4673: 4669: 4661: 4659: 4646: 4642: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4589: 4585: 4576:Wayback Machine 4566: 4562: 4558:. 8 April 2019. 4552:Wayback Machine 4543:Jacobs, Jill. " 4542: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4494: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4460: 4456: 4447:Wayback Machine 4440:"Noahide Laws." 4438: 4434: 4424: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4376: 4374: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4341: 4337: 4327: 4325: 4310: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4283: 4279: 4270: 4268: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4251:. 9 April 2019. 4246:Wayback Machine 4237: 4233: 4227:Choshen Mishpat 4222: 4218: 4198: 4194: 4190:. 9 April 2019. 4185:Wayback Machine 4176:Tauber, Yanki. 4175: 4171: 4162:Wayback Machine 4152: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4123: 4119: 4115:. 9 April 2019. 4110:Wayback Machine 4100: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4068:. 8 April 2019. 4063:Wayback Machine 4054: 4050: 4041: 4039: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4001: 3994: 3983: 3976: 3972:. 8 April 2019. 3967:Wayback Machine 3958: 3954: 3946: 3942: 3938:. 8 April 2019. 3933:Wayback Machine 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3833: 3826: 3819: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3753:Modern Orthodox 3725:Eliezer Melamed 3721:Peninei Halakha 3687:Choshen Mishpat 3497:Mishnah Berurah 3232:Choshen Mishpat 3164:Jacob ben Asher 2902:An early work, 2885:and subsequent 2824: 2733:Robinson's Arch 2721: 2715: 2657:Modern Orthodox 2595: 2585: 2580: 2530: 2486:Mordecai Kaplan 2429: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2418:Knesset Menorah 2393: 2392: 2391: 2383: 2382: 2371: 2312: 2235:Rabbinical eras 2230: 2199:lulav and etrog 1891: 1885: 1882:to the present. 1879: 1857: 1755: 1739: 1735: 1709: 1705: 1532: 1524:Main articles: 1522: 1480:Jewish diaspora 1350: 1280:Jewish diaspora 1217: 1183: 1156: 1126: 1122: 1110: 1072: 1070: 1063: 1062: 1008: 1007: 998: 997: 988:Judeo-Christian 951: 950: 948:Other religions 939: 938: 899: 898: 887: 886: 822: 821: 810: 809: 764: 717: 716: 707: 706: 688: 654: 653: 638: 637: 593: 592: 590:Religious roles 581: 580: 543: 539: 469: 468: 457: 456: 418: 394: 393: 378: 377: 343:Mishnah Berurah 323: 322: 311: 310: 285: 238: 231: 230: 219: 218: 172: 171: 160: 159: 91: 84: 83: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9436: 9426: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9375: 9368: 9354: 9351:Law portal 9339: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9332: 9331: 9330: 9319: 9317: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9272: 9271: 9270: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9209: 9207: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9187:Trial advocacy 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9034: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8941: 8939: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8910: 8909: 8899: 8898: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8871: 8870: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8834: 8832: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8822: 8817: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8767: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8746: 8745: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8724: 8719: 8717:Ballot measure 8713: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8694:Legal treatise 8691: 8690: 8689: 8684: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8662: 8660:Letters patent 8657: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8621: 8615: 8613: 8611:Sources of law 8607: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8598: 8596:Unenforced law 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8542: 8541: 8536: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8368:Commercial law 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8334: 8332: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8234: 8233: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8202: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8188: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8165: 8156: 8155: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8099: 8097: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8072:Shulchan Aruch 8068: 8066: 8062: 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7412: 7407: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7389: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7365:Shulchan Aruch 7362: 7361: 7360: 7355: 7353:Sefer Yetzirah 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7333:Pardes Rimonim 7330: 7323:Kabbalah texts 7320: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7267: 7261: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7213: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7201: 7200: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7169: 7168: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7156: 7135: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7116:Land of Israel 7113: 7112: 7111: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7090: 7089: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7041: 7040: 7029: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7011: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6994: 6992:Judeo-Alsatian 6984: 6983: 6982: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6844:Judeo-Hamedani 6841: 6836: 6831: 6821: 6819:Judaeo-Occitan 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6760:Jewish English 6757: 6752: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6691:Judaeo-Aramaic 6688: 6687: 6686: 6681: 6679:Judeo-Tunisian 6676: 6671: 6669:Judeo-Moroccan 6666: 6665: 6664: 6662:Judeo-Baghdadi 6649: 6644: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6566: 6564: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6518: 6513: 6511:Livornese Jews 6508: 6498: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6481: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6358: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6324: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6258:Afrikaner-Jode 6249: 6247: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6226: 6225: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6121: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6083: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6060: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6021: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6005: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5970: 5967:Yad soledet bo 5963: 5956: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5935:Self-sacrifice 5932: 5925: 5920: 5917:Pikuach nefesh 5913: 5906: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5880: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5833: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5744: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5667:Ritual washing 5664: 5657: 5650: 5645: 5639: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5590:Kiddush hashem 5586: 5578: 5574:Geneivat da'at 5570: 5566:Chillul hashem 5561: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5542: 5541: 5534: 5527: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5503: 5494: 5481: 5472: 5463: 5450: 5440: 5431: 5418: 5409: 5400: 5389:Shulchan Aruch 5386: 5377: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5356:External links 5354: 5353: 5352: 5347:, ed. (2005). 5345:Neusner, Jacob 5342: 5341: 5340: 5330: 5320: 5314: 5304: 5280:Neusner, Jacob 5277: 5270:Neusner, Jacob 5267: 5260:Neusner, Jacob 5257: 5250:Neusner, Jacob 5247: 5229:Neusner, Jacob 5226: 5219:Neusner, Jacob 5216: 5210: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5168: 5152: 5135: 5118: 5116:978-1422490204 5104: 5090: 5032: 5018: 5001: 4987: 4974: 4960: 4958:978-0199669837 4944: 4916: 4879: 4873: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4850: 4848:, mizrachi.org 4831: 4806:Jewish History 4792: 4783: 4757: 4753:New York Times 4741:Goldman, Ari. 4734: 4712: 4689: 4667: 4640: 4609: 4583: 4560: 4536: 4527: 4488: 4474: 4454: 4452:. 3 July 2019. 4432: 4410: 4387: 4362: 4335: 4304: 4277: 4253: 4231: 4216: 4192: 4169: 4143: 4117: 4101:Hecht, Mendy. 4094: 4082: 4070: 4048: 4024: 3992: 3974: 3952: 3940: 3918: 3906:Dictionary.com 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3824: 3821:Judaism portal 3808: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3765:Gavriel Zinner 3756: 3745:Shulchan Aruch 3741:Benzion Algazi 3732: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3690: 3671:Avraham Danzig 3660: 3657:Shulchan Aruch 3649:Shulchan Aruch 3631: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3578: 3548: 3539:Shulchan Aruch 3520: 3505:Shulchan Aruch 3486:Shulchan Aruch 3482: 3479:Hasidic groups 3459:Shulchan Aruch 3443: 3428: 3417: 3402:Shulchan Aruch 3390:Mordecai Yoffe 3386:Levush Malkhut 3382: 3367:Shulchan Aruch 3332:Shulchan Aruch 3320:Moshe Isserles 3316: 3313:Shulchan Aruch 3309:Sephardic Jews 3297:Shulchan Aruch 3289:Shulchan Aruch 3277:Shulchan Aruch 3252:Shulchan Aruch 3241: 3240: 3239: 3229: 3211: 3201: 3137: 3136: 3113: 3062: 3047: 2994: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2957:Simeon Kayyara 2950: 2921: 2910:Ahai of Shabha 2890: 2867:, composed by 2834:Shulchan Aruch 2823: 2820: 2772:Kavod HaBriyot 2714: 2711: 2641:Shulchan Aruch 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2529: 2526: 2493:Reform Judaism 2395: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2303: 2296: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2237: 2236: 2229: 2226: 2039: 2038: 2026: 2015: 2007: 2006: 2005: 1994: 1980: 1972:Shulchan Aruch 1963: 1962: 1961: 1950: 1884: 1883: 1867: 1863:Shulchan Aruch 1841: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1797: 1780: 1763: 1756: 170 BCE 1736: 250 BCE 1707: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1692: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1617: 1536:Tractate Makot 1521: 1518: 1503:rabbinical law 1470:Shulchan Aruch 1349: 1346: 1326:Ashkenazi Jews 1260:Shulchan Aruch 1249:), subsequent 1233:religious laws 1196:transliterated 1112: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1101: 1094: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1006:Related topics 1005: 1004: 1003: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 990: 985: 980: 974: 973: 968: 963: 958: 952: 946: 945: 944: 941: 940: 937: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 900: 896:Major holidays 894: 893: 892: 889: 888: 885: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 852:Birkat Hamazon 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 823: 817: 816: 815: 812: 811: 808: 807: 802: 796: 795: 794: 793: 786: 779: 772: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 718: 715:Ritual objects 714: 713: 712: 709: 708: 705: 704: 699: 694: 687: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 655: 645: 644: 643: 640: 639: 636: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 594: 588: 587: 586: 583: 582: 579: 578: 573: 568: 562: 561: 560: 559: 554: 549: 536:Rabbinic sages 531: 530: 525: 520: 515: 509: 508: 503: 498: 493: 487: 486: 481: 476: 470: 464: 463: 462: 459: 458: 455: 454: 449: 444: 442:Chevra kadisha 439: 434: 429: 424: 417: 416: 411: 406: 401: 395: 385: 384: 383: 380: 379: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 338:Shulchan Aruch 335: 330: 324: 318: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 307: 306: 301: 296: 291: 279: 278: 273: 268: 263: 257: 256: 255: 254: 249: 244: 232: 226: 225: 224: 221: 220: 217: 216: 214:Musar movement 211: 210: 209: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 173: 167: 166: 165: 162: 161: 158: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 131: 130: 125: 124: 123: 112: 111: 110: 109: 104: 103: 102: 85: 79: 78: 77: 74: 73: 53: 52: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9435: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9418:Religious law 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9391: 9381: 9380: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9355: 9353: 9352: 9347: 9341: 9340: 9337: 9329: 9326: 9325: 9324: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9276: 9273: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9233:Civil society 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9204: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9192:Trier of fact 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9132: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9078:Legal opinion 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9058:Court-martial 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9030:Jurisprudence 9027: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8936: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8919:Statutory law 8917: 8915: 8914:Socialist law 8912: 8908: 8907:Byzantine law 8905: 8904: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8869: 8866: 8865: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8858:Religious law 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8830:Legal systems 8827: 8821: 8818: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8799: 8798:Statutory law 8796: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8750: 8747: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8679: 8678: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8628:Statutory law 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8608: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8586:Transport law 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8504:Legal fiction 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8434:Financial law 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8393:Corporate law 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8317:Statutory law 8315: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8275: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199:Core subjects 8197: 8193: 8186: 8181: 8179: 8174: 8172: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8153: 8140: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8103:Torah Judaism 8101: 8100: 8098: 8094: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8063: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024:Organizations 8022: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7923: 7922:Degel HaTorah 7920: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7815:Orthodox Jews 7813: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7769: 7761: 7756: 7754: 7749: 7747: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7726: 7725: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7696: 7691: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7650:Protestantism 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7620: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7567: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7508: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7463: 7462: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7338:Sefer HaBahir 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7324: 7321: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7265:Sifrei Kodesh 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7254: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7121:Who is a Jew? 7119: 7117: 7114: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7050:Chosen people 7048: 7046: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7013: 7007: 7006:Scots-Yiddish 7004: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6979:Klezmer-loshn 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6849:Judeo-Shirazi 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6824:Judeo-Persian 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6814:Judeo-Marathi 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6792:Judeo-Italian 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6689: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6647:Judeo-Amazigh 6645: 6643: 6640: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6557: 6553: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6470:Hadhrami Jews 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6435:Mountain Jews 6433: 6431: 6430:Egyptian Jews 6428: 6426: 6425:Bukharan Jews 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6213:Lists of Jews 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6069: 6067: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6032: 6031: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6019:High Holidays 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012:Related boxes 6010: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5980:Relative hour 5978: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5948:Shomea k'oneh 5945: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730:Agrarian laws 5728: 5722: 5721:Homosexuality 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5635:Ritual purity 5632: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5548: 5540: 5535: 5533: 5528: 5526: 5521: 5520: 5517: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5475:Chochmat Adam 5473: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5380:Arba'ah Turim 5378: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5367:Mishneh Torah 5365: 5364: 5350: 5346: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272:(1983–1985). 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262:(1981–1983). 5261: 5258: 5255: 5252:(1979–1980). 5251: 5248: 5246: 5245:1-55635-349-9 5242: 5238: 5234: 5231:(1979–1980). 5230: 5227: 5224: 5221:(1974–1977). 5220: 5217: 5213: 5211:0-88706-459-0 5207: 5203: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5185: 5184: 5178: 5173: 5172:Gilman, D. C. 5169: 5165: 5164: 5158: 5153: 5151: 5150:0-8276-0397-5 5147: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5133:0-87334-035-3 5130: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5103: 5102:3-7186-0293-8 5099: 5095: 5091: 5089: 5088:965-229-375-X 5085: 5084:965-229-323-7 5081: 5080:965-229-322-9 5077: 5076:0-7657-9969-3 5073: 5072:1-56821-907-5 5069: 5068:1-56821-319-0 5065: 5064:1-56821-167-8 5061: 5060:0-87668-197-6 5057: 5056:0-87668-396-0 5053: 5052:0-87668-678-1 5049: 5048:0-87668-799-0 5045: 5044:0-87668-765-6 5041: 5037: 5033: 5031: 5030:0-88125-750-8 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5002: 5000: 4999:1-56821-302-6 4996: 4992: 4988: 4986: 4985:1-56821-901-6 4982: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4972:965-223-980-1 4969: 4965: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4943: 4942:0-8276-0537-4 4939: 4935: 4934:0-8276-0389-4 4931: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4919:Menachem Elon 4917: 4915: 4914:1-56871-353-3 4911: 4907: 4906:0-87068-275-X 4903: 4902:0-88125-315-4 4899: 4898:0-88125-474-6 4895: 4894:0-87068-450-7 4891: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4874:9780300254907 4870: 4866: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4835: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4796: 4787: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4754: 4751: 4747: 4744: 4738: 4731: 4730:Masorti Olami 4728: 4724: 4721: 4716: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4693: 4686: 4683: 4679: 4676: 4671: 4658:on 2023-04-17 4657: 4653: 4652: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4606: 4597:(in Hebrew). 4596: 4595: 4587: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4564: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4540: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4477: 4475:9780205018253 4471: 4467: 4466: 4458: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4441: 4436: 4420: 4414: 4398: 4391: 4384: 4372: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4323: 4319: 4317: 4308: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4250: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4235: 4228: 4225: 4220: 4212: 4209:(in Hebrew). 4208: 4207: 4202: 4196: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4150: 4148: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4098: 4091: 4086: 4079: 4074: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4052: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4012: 4008: 4007: 3999: 3997: 3989:(2 ed.). 3988: 3981: 3979: 3971: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3956: 3949: 3944: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3922: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3893: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3853:Jewish ethics 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3843:Antinomianism 3841: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3825: 3822: 3811: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3760:Nitei Gavriel 3757: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3711: 3710:Torah portion 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667:Chochmat Adam 3664: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3585:Yitzhak Yosef 3582: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3557:and parts of 3556: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423:(The Taz) by 3422: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3371:Darkhei Moshe 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3351:Yaakov Moelin 3348: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3305:the Mordechai 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3238:of civil law. 3237: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3168:Toledo, Spain 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156:Arba'ah Turim 3153: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3146:Arba'ah Turim 3141: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104:, as well as 3103: 3099: 3095: 3092:("SeMaK") by 3091: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3030:Yemenite Jews 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2998:Mishneh Torah 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978:Hilchot HaRif 2975: 2971:communities.) 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2893:Codifications 2891: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2849: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2699:in German or 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2636:Mishneh Torah 2633: 2632:Second Temple 2629: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2562:, which is a 2561: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2389: 2380: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2339:Rabbi Ishmael 2336: 2330: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2174:. (Sometimes 2173: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1967:Mishneh Torah 1964: 1960: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1852: 1851:late medieval 1848: 1847: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1819:Theodosius II 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1773:Eretz Yisrael 1770: 1769: 1764: 1761: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1740: 625 CE 1730: 1726: 1722: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1697: 1693: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1610:Written Torah 1607: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1527: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1465: 1464:Mishneh Torah 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1437: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1359: 1354: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1334:Sephardi Jews 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1255:rabbinic laws 1252: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1165: 1161: 1160: 1150: 1120: 1119: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1002: 1001: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 975: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 953: 949: 943: 942: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 904:Rosh Hashanah 902: 901: 897: 891: 890: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 820: 814: 813: 806: 803: 801: 798: 797: 792: 791: 787: 785: 784: 780: 778: 777: 773: 771: 770: 766: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 719: 711: 710: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 689: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 656: 652: 648: 642: 641: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 595: 591: 585: 584: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 563: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 542: 538: 537: 533: 532: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 488: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 471: 467: 461: 460: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 419: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 396: 392: 388: 382: 381: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 328:Mishneh Torah 326: 325: 321: 315: 314: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 284: 281: 280: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 258: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 239: 237: 234: 233: 229: 223: 222: 215: 212: 208: 205: 204: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 170: 164: 163: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 108: 105: 101: 98: 97: 96: 93: 92: 90: 87: 86: 82: 76: 75: 71: 65: 59: 55: 54: 51: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 33: 19: 9390: 9377: 9370: 9356: 9342: 9115:Jurisdiction 9083:Legal remedy 9038:Adjudication 8938:Legal theory 8884: 8776:Ratification 8771:Promulgation 8742:Proclamation 8722:Codification 8655:Human rights 8643:Divine right 8633:Constitution 8601:Women in law 8519:Military law 8514:Marriage law 8509:Maritime law 8408:Election law 8348:Aviation law 8338:Abortion law 8290:Property law 8226:Criminal law 8148: 8123:Torah Umadda 8096:Philosophies 8081: 8056:Young Israel 7771: 7715: 7708: 7694: 7617: 7610: 7598: 7581: 7564: 7398:perspectives 7232:Samaritanism 7193:Neo-Hasidism 7173:Conservative 7093: 7087:Names of God 6996: 6977: 6787:Judaeo-Greek 6782:Judeo-Gascon 6721:Lishán Didán 6716:Lishana Deni 6684:Judeo-Yemeni 6652:Judeo-Arabic 6526:Meshuchrarim 6445:Persian Jews 6378:Kurdish Jews 6356:Kaifeng Jews 6305:Beta Abraham 6268:Galitzianers 6223:Antisemitism 6198:Israeli Jews 6183:Assimilation 6042: 6035: 6028: 6000: 5972: 5965: 5958: 5946: 5939: 5929:Sfeka d'yoma 5927: 5915: 5908: 5901: 5894: 5889:Ikar v'tafel 5887: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5857: 5850: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5828: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5782: 5775: 5768: 5759:Second tithe 5746: 5698: 5691: 5684: 5659: 5652: 5622: 5613:Noahide laws 5605: 5597: 5589: 5582:Gezel sheina 5581: 5573: 5565: 5546: 5545: 5505: 5497:Yalkut Yosef 5496: 5483: 5474: 5465: 5452: 5442: 5434:Ben Ish Chai 5433: 5420: 5411: 5402: 5399:(incomplete) 5388: 5379: 5366: 5348: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5297: 5283: 5273: 5263: 5253: 5232: 5222: 5200: 5181: 5161: 5142:Halakhic Man 5141: 5124: 5107: 5093: 5035: 5021: 5014:the original 5009: 4990: 4977:Moshe Koppel 4963: 4962:Jacob Katz, 4948: 4926: 4922: 4885: 4863: 4855:Bibliography 4834: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4786: 4778: 4752: 4737: 4729: 4715: 4707: 4692: 4684: 4670: 4660:, retrieved 4656:the original 4650: 4643: 4629:(2): 43–64. 4626: 4622: 4612: 4598: 4594:Iggrot Moshe 4593: 4586: 4578: 4567:Sokol, Sam. 4563: 4555: 4539: 4530: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4479:. Retrieved 4464: 4457: 4449: 4435: 4423:. Retrieved 4421:. Oradam.org 4413: 4401:. Retrieved 4390: 4382: 4375:. Retrieved 4365: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4326:. Retrieved 4321: 4315: 4307: 4295:. Retrieved 4290: 4280: 4269:. Retrieved 4265: 4256: 4248: 4234: 4219: 4210: 4204: 4195: 4187: 4172: 4164: 4134:. Retrieved 4130: 4120: 4112: 4097: 4085: 4073: 4065: 4051: 4040:. Retrieved 4036: 4027: 4015:. Retrieved 4010: 4005: 3986: 3969: 3955: 3943: 3935: 3921: 3909:. Retrieved 3905: 3896: 3863:Mishpat Ivri 3783: 3773: 3768: 3759: 3751:in numerous 3744: 3735: 3705: 3694:Ben Ish Chai 3686: 3683:Even Ha'ezer 3682: 3678: 3674: 3656: 3648: 3634: 3627: 3616: 3603:authorities. 3595:(1920–2013). 3593:Ovadia Yosef 3588: 3581:Yalkut Yosef 3555:Orach Chayim 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3508: 3504: 3485: 3469: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3431:Siftei Cohen 3430: 3420: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3359:Israel Bruna 3331: 3312: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3244: 3236:adjudication 3214:Even Ha'ezer 3194:Orach Chayim 3187: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3166:(1270–1343, 3159: 3144: 3132: 3128: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3065: 3050: 3049:The work of 3041: 3025: 3018:Aristotelian 3005: 2989: 2982:Isaac Alfasi 2952: 2946: 2928: 2917: 2913: 2903: 2876: 2869:Judah haNasi 2854: 2838:Even Ha'ezer 2833: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2797: 2770: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2741: 2737:Western Wall 2729:Conservative 2706: 2700: 2696: 2684: 2683:is to apply 2663: 2661: 2652: 2646: 2639: 2610: 2608: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2517: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2491: 2479: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2435: 2430: 2407: 2397: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2331: 2324: 2317: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2136: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2076: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2057: 2049: 2042: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2018: 2009: 2003:commandments 1996: 1992:commandments 1985: 1970: 1958: 1952: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1911: 1903:Yitzhak Baer 1894: 1892: 1870: 1861: 1844: 1827: 1800: 1783: 1766: 1746: 1695: 1684: 1678: 1669: 1665: 1659: 1655: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1642: 1638:Hebrew Bible 1635: 1631: 1614:Hebrew Bible 1599:Law of Moses 1571: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1533: 1512: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1474: 1468: 1462: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1425: 1421: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1400: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1364: 1362: 1330:Mizrahi Jews 1321: 1317: 1310:Hebrew Bible 1305: 1295: 1283: 1277: 1272: 1264: 1258: 1244: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1199: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1038:Anti-Judaism 1033:Antisemitism 978:Samaritanism 956:Christianity 857:Shehecheyanu 788: 781: 774: 767: 762:Four species 669:Pidyon haben 623:Rosh yeshiva 534: 427:Beth midrash 373:Noahide laws 319: 116:Conservative 9408:Legal codes 9287:Legislature 9218:Bureaucracy 9015:Rule of man 9010:Rule of law 8985:Libertarian 8848:Chinese law 8749:Legislation 8699:Regulations 8687:Law reports 8665:Natural law 8561:Reparations 8556:Refugee law 8479:Jurimetrics 8420:(Media law) 8358:Banking law 8353:Amnesty law 8331:Disciplines 8268:Private law 7871:Bais Yaakov 7841:Torah study 7640:Catholicism 7222:Hellenistic 7060:Eschatology 6998:Lachoudisch 6923:Lotegorisch 6901:Lachoudisch 6891:Koiné Greek 6804:Judeo-Latin 6741:Palestinian 6635:Palestinian 6484:Mustaʿravim 6410:Afghan Jews 6398:Berber Jews 6322:Bene Israel 6310:Falash Mura 6300:Beta Israel 6218:Persecution 6160:Middle Ages 5754:First tithe 5648:Handwashing 5624:Yetzer hara 5606:Lifnei iver 5598:Lashon hara 5466:Chayei Adam 5443:Kaf HaChaim 4908:; Feldheim 4769:"Mamzerut." 4351:: 239–264. 4201:Baer, I. F. 4155:"D'Oraita." 3868:Se'if katan 3788:Isaac Klein 3698:Yosef Chaim 3679:Yoreh De'ah 3675:Orach Chaim 3663:Chayei Adam 3583:, by Rabbi 3575:Isaac Luria 3559:Yoreh De'ah 3551:Kaf HaChaim 3421:Turei Zahav 3269:authorities 3204:Yoreh De'ah 3178:, with the 3162:) by Rabbi 3022:Saadia Gaon 3010:Metaphysics 2947:Hilkhot Riu 2731:service at 2697:Klausenberg 2624:Mount Sinai 2552:electricity 2528:Flexibility 2520:called the 2465:holds that 2449:Mount Sinai 2434:holds that 2369:Views today 2359:kal vahomer 2335:Rabbi Akiva 2164:(plural of 2100:. Notably, 1880: 1500 1858: 1038 1840:; 650–1038. 1583:Sefer Torah 1314:Israeli law 722:Sefer Torah 684:Bereavement 664:Zeved habat 447:Holy Temple 387:Holy cities 121:Conservadox 9397:Categories 9280:Law school 9160:Prosecutor 9098:Magistrate 8885:Jewish law 8843:Common law 8764:Rulemaking 8759:Regulation 8709:Law making 8648:Divine law 8624:Legal code 8571:Sports law 8494:Law of war 8444:Health law 8429:Family law 8413:Energy law 8363:Bankruptcy 8300:Punishment 8295:Public law 7958:Rabbinates 7635:Anabaptism 7577:Jew (word) 7444:Leadership 7257:Literature 7242:Secularism 7188:Humanistic 7055:Conversion 7025:Philosophy 6866:Judeo-Urdu 6630:Babylonian 6475:Saada Jews 6460:Adeni Jews 6253:Ashkenazim 6208:Samaritans 6175:Population 6130:Israelites 5989:Punishment 5896:Marit ayin 5764:Poor tithe 5336:. Part B. 5326:. Part A. 5310:. Part B. 5292:9004116176 4662:2023-05-09 4502:AJS Review 4481:10 October 4425:10 October 4403:30 January 4377:10 October 4328:10 October 4297:10 October 4271:2019-09-25 4229:Chapter 25 4188:Chabad.org 4113:Chabad.org 4078:Glenn 2014 4042:2020-10-23 4017:10 October 3948:Adler 2022 3911:10 October 3889:References 3835:Law portal 3731:community. 3477:and other 3398:Beit Yosef 3379:Beit Yosef 3281:Beit Yosef 3261:Beit Yosef 3257:Yosef Karo 3246:Beit Yosef 3002:Maimonides 2965:Monographs 2777:homosexual 2701:קלויזנבורג 2587:See also: 2440:divine law 2425:See also: 2160:Note that 1913:Bava Kamma 1887:See also: 1821:; 500–650. 1796:; 200–500. 1777:Oral Torah 1738: – c. 1621:Oral Torah 1473:. Because 1459:Oral Torah 1418:exegetical 1241:Oral Torah 1219:Ashkenazic 909:Yom Kippur 452:Tabernacle 197:Chosenness 169:Philosophy 150:Humanistic 9258:Judiciary 9253:Executive 9228:The bench 9165:Solicitor 9140:Barrister 9020:Sociology 9005:Pseudolaw 8945:Anarchist 8902:Roman law 8890:Parsi law 8875:Hindu law 8863:Canon law 8838:Civil law 8791:Concordat 8682:Precedent 8591:Trust law 8566:Space law 8403:Drugs law 8273:Procedure 8211:Civil law 8133:Anarchism 7834:Education 7697:indicate 7645:Mormonism 7630:Christian 7510:Symbolism 7498:Synagogue 7478:Mythology 7439:Education 7410:Astronomy 7393:Astrology 7210:relations 7015:Zarphatic 6963:Galitzish 6765:Yeshivish 6642:Catalanic 6605:Samaritan 6580:Ashkenazi 6561:Diasporic 6556:Languages 6501:Sephardim 6496:Romaniote 6383:Krymchaks 6317:Desi Jews 6193:Buddhists 5954:Testimony 5877:derabanan 5873:De'oraita 5798:Sicaricon 5706:Sexuality 5300:. Part A. 5121:Joel Roth 4826:225559599 4522:161130964 3902:"Halacha" 3763:by Rabbi 3739:by Rabbi 3723:by Rabbi 3639:of Rabbi 3628:conversos 3607:Teshuvot. 3571:Jerusalem 3525:by Rabbi 3513:Acharonic 3499:of Rabbi 3490:Acharonic 3451:of Rabbi 3344:Ashkenazi 3336:Sephardic 3322:("Rema"; 3255:of Rabbi 3210:impurity. 3208:menstrual 3198:synagogue 3149:from 1435 3121:Nuremberg 3119:(d. 3112:material. 3059:Tosafists 3032:– mainly 3028:for many 2969:Ashkenazi 2918:She'iltot 2905:She'iltot 2873:dialectic 2605:, Israel. 2503:heretical 2280:Acharonim 2214:Ahasuerus 2145:. Within 2044:Sanhedrin 1899:Maccabees 1872:Acharonim 1838:Pumbedita 1807:reasoners 1790:Babylonia 1666:mishpatim 1511:rabbinic 1363:The word 1342:Ethiopian 1292:religious 1185:Sephardic 1173:romanized 1028:Criticism 993:Pluralism 971:Mormonism 877:Kol Nidre 651:education 576:Acharonim 422:Synagogue 399:Jerusalem 81:Movements 9365:Category 9307:Tribunal 9292:Military 9135:Attorney 9105:Judgment 8965:Feminist 8880:Jain law 8677:Case law 8398:Cyberlaw 8305:Corporal 8283:Criminal 8253:Evidence 8243:Doctrine 8221:Contract 8151:Category 8108:Hasidism 8087:Responsa 8041:Mizrachi 7965:Rabbanut 7949:Sikrikim 7900:Politics 7856:Chavurah 7851:Chavrusa 7782:Branches 7710:Category 7680:Hinduism 7670:Buddhism 7572:Genetics 7488:Politics 7461:Marriage 7420:Holidays 7415:Calendar 7296:Rabbinic 7272:/Hebrew 7217:Haymanot 7144:Orthodox 7131:Branches 7104:Kabbalah 7099:Haskalah 7077:Holiness 6953:dialects 6933:Shassagh 6896:Krymchak 6876:Kayliñña 6770:Yinglish 6746:Galilean 6736:Talmudic 6731:Biblical 6706:Betanure 6625:Biblical 6620:Mishnaic 6615:Medieval 6600:Tiberian 6595:Yemenite 6585:Sephardi 6521:Paradesi 6465:Ḥabbanim 6455:Teimanim 6420:Baghdadi 6393:Maghrebi 6361:Karaites 6339:Gruzínim 6327:Kochinim 6245:Diaspora 6203:Karaites 6188:Atheists 6125:Timeline 6024:Passover 5841:beshogeg 5837:Bemeizid 5812:Kil'ayim 5791:Bikkurim 5700:Mechitza 5332:Vol. 5: 5322:Vol. 4: 5316:Vol. 3: 5306:Vol. 2: 5296:Vol. 1: 5282:(2000). 5024:, Ktav. 4925:(trans. 4842:Archived 4772:Archived 4746:Archived 4723:Archived 4701:Archived 4678:Archived 4635:23257361 4572:Archived 4548:Archived 4443:Archived 4357:23506588 4242:Archived 4181:Archived 4158:Archived 4106:Archived 4059:Archived 4006:Halakhah 3963:Archived 3929:Archived 3878:Theonomy 3807:See also 3776:branches 3769:halachah 3749:Mizrachi 3537:and the 3517:Orthodox 3468:decided 3414:Halakhot 3377:and the 3363:ha-Mapah 3249:and the 3218:marriage 3176:Rishonim 3082:and the 3053:, Rabbi 3051:the Rosh 3038:Dor Daim 2961:Responsa 2927:proper, 2816:mamzerut 2761:takkanah 2672:responsa 2653:minhagim 2638:and the 2615:revealed 2564:responsa 2543:communal 2514:gentiles 2409:Halakhah 2357:(e. g., 2275:Rishonim 2263:Savoraim 2218:Takkanah 2184:takkanot 2180:gezeirot 2176:takkanah 2167:takkanah 2162:takkanot 2112:Orthodox 2054:Oral law 2023:responsa 1998:Takkanah 1987:Gezeirah 1969:and the 1939:and the 1853:period ( 1846:Rishonim 1811:Sassanid 1802:Savoraim 1567:Messiah. 1513:responsa 1453:and the 1385:Akkadian 1338:Yemenite 1297:Haskalah 1251:Talmudic 1207:halakhah 1194:), also 1058:Muhammad 961:Hinduism 934:Hanukkah 872:Tachanun 867:Havdalah 732:Tefillin 679:Marriage 571:Rishonim 557:Savoraim 414:Tiberias 363:Tzedakah 283:Rabbinic 182:Kabbalah 155:Haymanot 89:Orthodox 42:a series 40:Part of 18:Halachic 9379:Outline 9316:History 9223:The bar 9197:Verdict 9145:Counsel 9125:Justice 8980:History 8803:Statute 8619:Charter 8581:Tax law 8529:Probate 8082:Halakha 7866:Mesivta 7861:Yeshiva 7794:Hasidic 7695:Italics 7520:Studies 7466:Divorce 7432:Kashrut 7427:Cuisine 7385:Culture 7316:Midrash 7311:Tosefta 7301:Mishnah 7289:Ketuvim 7284:Nevi'im 7247:Schisms 7237:Science 7227:Karaite 7198:Renewal 7159:Litvaks 7154:Hasidic 7109:Sefirot 7094:Halakha 7065:Messiah 7038:Mitzvah 7033:Beliefs 6987:Western 6973:Poylish 6968:Litvish 6958:Eastern 6948:Yiddish 6943:Shuadit 6928:Qwareña 6916:Tetuani 6911:Haketia 6886:Knaanic 6881:Kivruli 6829:Bukhori 6775:Heblish 6711:Hulaulá 6701:Barzani 6657:Yahudic 6590:Mizrahi 6450:Urfalim 6405:Mizrahi 6349:Neofiti 6344:Italkim 6273:Lita'im 6165:Zionism 6117:History 6091:Judaism 6044:Kashrut 6030:Shabbat 5748:Terumah 5677:Modesty 5547:Halakha 5492:English 5461:English 5429:English 5397:English 5375:English 5237:Reprint 5166:. 1920. 4316:Aggadah 4136:3 March 3794:of the 3774:Hasidic 3702:Baghdad 3645:Hungary 3617:halakha 3589:halakha 3567:Baghdad 3531:halakha 3509:halakha 3470:halakha 3394:halakha 3347:customs 3340:glosses 3301:rulings 3293:halakha 3275:). The 3222:divorce 3180:Hilchot 3172:halakha 3133:the Rif 3129:Hilchot 3125:Italian 3110:ethical 3106:aggadic 3102:halakha 3084:Tosafot 3026:halakha 3006:halakha 2993:Talmud. 2990:Hilchot 2986:aggadic 2914:mitzvot 2895:by the 2865:Mishnah 2842:Ketubot 2831:Page of 2749:halakha 2685:halakha 2681:decisor 2664:halakha 2611:halakha 2603:Rehovot 2572:halakha 2568:halakha 2560:teshuva 2534:halakha 2518:halakha 2498:halakha 2471:halakha 2467:halakha 2438:is the 2436:halakha 2404:Solomon 2399:Aggadah 2258:Amoraim 2253:Tannaim 2205:melakha 2172:mitzvot 2128:halakha 2124:Judaism 2120:halakha 2108:halakha 2098:halakha 2091:halakha 2079:halakha 2065:halakha 2058:halakha 2050:halakha 2035:halakha 1979:below); 1959:halakha 1929:halakha 1925:halakha 1895:halakha 1785:Amoraim 1768:Tannaim 1725:Tosefta 1674:Shabbat 1661:shatnez 1645:require 1591:Cologne 1565:by the 1552:mitzvot 1548:mitzvot 1544:mitzvot 1540:mitzvot 1538:), 613 1491:halakha 1484:halakha 1475:halakha 1451:Mishnah 1442:mitzvot 1436:Halakha 1426:Halakha 1422:halakha 1413:aggadah 1408:Halakha 1401:*halak- 1381:halakha 1377:halakha 1365:halakha 1322:halakha 1318:halakha 1306:halakha 1284:halakha 1273:Halakha 1265:Halakha 1246:mitzvot 1237:Written 1213:halocho 1201:halacha 1175:: 1168:הֲלָכָה 1118:Halakha 1018:Zionism 924:Shavuot 842:Kaddish 819:Prayers 752:Menorah 747:Mezuzah 737:Tzitzit 692:Yeshiva 647:Culture 552:Amoraim 547:Tannaim 518:Rebecca 506:Solomon 474:Abraham 353:Kashrut 304:Tosefta 299:Midrash 289:Mishnah 271:Piyutim 252:Ketuvim 247:Nevi'im 187:Messiah 145:Renewal 135:Karaite 100:Hasidic 50:Judaism 9297:Police 9268:Agency 9150:Lawyer 8895:Sharia 8786:Treaty 8781:Repeal 8727:Decree 8638:Custom 8534:Estate 8484:Labour 8248:Equity 8036:Dirshu 7876:Kollel 7820:Rabbis 7808:People 7799:Modern 7789:Haredi 7503:Hazzan 7493:Prayer 7370:Siddur 7306:Talmud 7270:Tanakh 7205:Neolog 7178:Reform 7166:Modern 7149:Haredi 7072:Ethics 6938:Shassi 6906:Ladino 6871:Karaim 6854:Juhuri 6696:Targum 6610:Signed 6575:Modern 6570:Hebrew 6538:Xuetes 6334:Dönmeh 6293:Yekkes 6037:Sukkot 6002:Kareth 5974:Zmanim 5941:Shinuy 5859:Chumra 5845:beones 5843:, and 5830:Aveira 5805:Hallah 5742:Tithes 5693:Yichud 5686:Negiah 5661:Niddah 5654:Mikveh 5557:Ethics 5510:Hebrew 5501:Hebrew 5488:Hebrew 5479:Hebrew 5470:Hebrew 5457:Hebrew 5447:Hebrew 5438:Hebrew 5425:Hebrew 5416:Hebrew 5407:Hebrew 5393:Hebrew 5384:Hebrew 5371:Hebrew 5290: 5243: 5208: 5148: 5131: 5114: 5100: 5042: 5028: 4997: 4983: 4970: 4956: 4940: 4932: 4912: 4892: 4871: 4824: 4633: 4520: 4472: 4355: 4165:The JC 4131:chabad 3873:Sharia 3613:Layman 3462:, and 3406:Mappah 3357:, and 3328:Poland 3324:Kraków 3287:. The 3226:family 3034:Baladi 2943:Hebrew 2897:Geonim 2878:gemara 2811:mamzer 2801:mamzer 2793:rabbis 2789:minyan 2766:mamzer 2649:Haredi 2591:, and 2455:. See 2451:, see 2363:middot 2355:middot 2270:Geonim 2243:Chazal 2210:Esther 2193:shofar 2149:, the 2116:poskim 2103:poskim 2052:; see 2011:Minhag 1954:Gemara 1937:Mishna 1829:Geonim 1817:under 1794:Gemara 1731:eras ( 1729:Talmud 1721:Mishna 1713:Chazal 1670:eduyot 1656:chukim 1649:forbid 1528:, and 1507:Talmud 1495:sharia 1457:(the " 1455:Talmud 1395:halakh 1373:halakh 1369:Hebrew 1300:) and 1230:Jewish 1210:, and 1179:hălāḵā 1164:Hebrew 1023:Israel 919:Pesach 914:Sukkot 862:Hallel 847:Minyan 837:Aleinu 832:Amidah 805:Gartel 800:Kittel 783:Hadass 757:Shofar 742:Kippah 727:Tallit 702:Cheder 697:Kollel 613:Hazzan 566:Geonim 541:Chazal 523:Rachel 437:Sukkah 432:Mikveh 409:Hebron 391:places 368:Niddah 358:Tzniut 294:Talmud 266:Siddur 261:Ḥumash 236:Tanakh 192:Ethics 128:Reform 107:Modern 95:Haredi 67: 61: 9372:Index 9238:Court 9182:Trial 9088:Judge 8929:Yassa 8732:Edict 8278:Civil 8231:Crime 7846:Shiur 7675:Islam 7483:Names 7473:Music 7454:Rebbe 7449:Rabbi 7403:Monen 7358:Zohar 7279:Torah 7274:Bible 6388:Lemba 6263:Chuts 5903:Neder 5784:Orlah 5777:Demai 4822:S2CID 4631:JSTOR 4518:S2CID 4353:JSTOR 3437:) by 3435:Shach 3433:(The 3098:SeMaG 3080:Rashi 3076:Coucy 2925:codex 2887:codes 2807:sotah 2781:Bible 2626:(see 2620:Moses 2556:posek 2445:Moses 2414:Aaron 2320:tanna 2248:Zugot 2132:below 2087:posek 2071:posek 1918:torts 1908:Solon 1748:Zugot 1430:Torah 1371:root 1288:civil 1053:Jesus 1048:Music 966:Islam 929:Purim 827:Shema 790:Arava 776:Lulav 769:Etrog 633:Kohen 628:Mohel 618:Dayan 608:Posek 603:Rebbe 598:Rabbi 513:Sarah 501:David 496:Aaron 491:Moses 484:Jacob 479:Isaac 404:Safed 276:Zohar 242:Torah 228:Texts 207:Names 9120:Jury 9068:Fiqh 8924:Xeer 8322:Tort 8238:Deed 8065:Laws 7907:Shas 6089:and 6087:Jews 5875:and 5288:ISBN 5241:ISBN 5206:ISBN 5146:ISBN 5129:ISBN 5112:ISBN 5098:ISBN 5040:ISBN 5026:ISBN 4995:ISBN 4981:ISBN 4968:ISBN 4954:ISBN 4938:ISBN 4930:ISBN 4910:ISBN 4890:ISBN 4869:ISBN 4483:2018 4470:ISBN 4427:2018 4405:2020 4379:2018 4330:2018 4299:2018 4224:Rema 4206:Zion 4138:2021 4019:2018 3913:2018 3692:The 3685:and 3665:and 3633:The 3569:and 3495:The 3445:The 3419:The 3384:The 3243:The 3228:law. 3188:Tur' 3154:The 3108:and 3064:The 3036:and 3012:and 2996:The 2976:The 2963:and 2863:The 2693:Cluj 2337:and 2017:The 1869:The 1843:The 1836:and 1834:Sura 1826:The 1799:The 1782:The 1765:The 1745:The 1727:and 1717:lit. 1689:lit. 1619:The 1608:The 1597:The 1499:fiqh 1493:and 1467:and 1440:613 1389:ilku 1290:and 1269:root 1253:and 1239:and 1159:-khə 1155:hah- 1013:Jews 659:Brit 649:and 528:Leah 8192:Law 7082:God 4814:doi 4554:." 4510:doi 3696:by 3669:by 3553:on 3535:Tur 3375:Tur 3285:Tur 3265:Tur 3184:Tur 3160:Tur 3131:of 3000:by 2945:as 2622:on 2447:on 2329:). 2182:or 2134:). 2083:vow 1742:). 1585:at 1198:as 1157:LAW 333:Tur 320:Law 202:God 9399:: 8626:/ 5839:, 5508:: 5499:: 5490:; 5486:: 5477:: 5468:: 5459:; 5455:: 5445:: 5436:: 5427:; 5423:: 5414:: 5405:: 5395:; 5391:: 5382:: 5373:; 5369:: 5180:. 5160:. 5140:, 5123:, 5086:, 5082:, 5078:, 5074:, 5070:, 5066:, 5062:, 5058:, 5054:, 5050:, 5046:, 4921:, 4904:, 4900:, 4896:, 4884:, 4820:. 4810:33 4808:. 4804:. 4760:^ 4627:14 4625:. 4621:. 4516:. 4506:26 4504:. 4381:. 4349:22 4347:. 4320:. 4289:. 4264:. 4211:17 4146:^ 4129:. 4035:. 4009:. 3995:^ 3977:^ 3904:. 3619:: 3353:, 3326:, 3220:, 2949:.) 2859:. 2836:; 2818:. 2795:. 2735:, 2644:. 2477:. 2459:. 2224:. 2157:. 1877:c. 1855:c. 1805:(" 1753:c. 1733:c. 1723:, 1687:, 1516:. 1486:. 1340:, 1336:, 1332:, 1328:, 1282:, 1263:. 1204:, 1182:, 1170:, 1166:: 1162:; 1140:ɔː 1131:ɑː 44:on 8184:e 8177:t 8170:v 7759:e 7752:t 7745:v 6563:) 6559:( 6079:e 6072:t 6065:v 5538:e 5531:t 5524:v 5214:. 4877:. 4816:: 4637:. 4524:. 4512:: 4485:. 4429:. 4407:. 4359:. 4332:. 4318:" 4301:. 4274:. 4140:. 4092:. 4045:. 4021:. 3950:. 3915:. 3700:( 3659:. 3643:( 3565:( 3547:. 3381:. 3046:. 2889:. 2695:( 2307:e 2300:t 2293:v 2021:( 1866:. 1715:( 1616:. 1221:: 1216:( 1187:: 1149:/ 1146:ə 1143:x 1137:l 1134:ˈ 1128:h 1125:/ 1121:( 1105:e 1098:t 1091:v 389:/ 34:. 20:)

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