43:
1873:
1887:
2137:
1124:, literally "before (outside) the temple", "pro" being outside and "fanum" being temple or sanctuary. It carried the meaning of either "desecrating what is holy" or "with a secular purpose" as early as the 1450s. Profanity represented secular indifference to religion or religious figures, while
252:
1280:
of culture over the past few centuries â an extension of the profanum at the (often explicit) expense of the sacred. The predominant 21st-century global worldview is as a result empirical, sensate, contractual, this-worldly â in short profane.
1235:
can inspire feelings of awe, because it is regarded as ultimately unknowable and beyond limited human abilities to perceive and comprehend. Durkheim pointed out however that there are degrees of sacredness, so that an
1093:. The word is also used in a neutral sense for things or people not related to the sacred; for example profane history, profane literature, etc. In this sense it is contrasted with "sacred", with meaning similar to "
1217:
The profane world consists of all that people can know through their senses; it is the natural world of everyday life that people experience as either comprehensible or at least ultimately knowable â the
1287:
expressed the same thought more subjectively when he wrote that "I know â and here I am expressing what countless other people know â that the present time is the time of God's disappearance and death".
1570:
Agricola's Ukko in the light of archeology. A chronological and interpretative study of ancient
Finnish religion: Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place-names
1264:
Religion is organized primarily around the sacred elements of human life and provides a collective attempt to bridge the gap between the sacred and the profane.
1057:
1210:. The profane, however, involves mundane individual concerns. Durkheim explicitly stated that the sacredâprofane dichotomy is not equivalent to
1593:
1173:, are part of the ancient tradition of the comic cults which laughed and scoffed at the deity or deities: an example of this would be Lucian's
1682:
1231:
in Latin, encompasses all that exists beyond the everyday, natural world that people experience with their senses. As such, the sacred or
1975:
2076:
2124:
1990:
1677:
1429:
608:
364:
565:
1050:
2208:
42:
810:
384:
2188:
2100:
2048:
2028:
2016:
2006:
1703:
1663:
1635:
1577:
1308:
speaking for much of the movement when he wrote that "if nothing was divine then all things were, the world itself".
1043:
2108:
97:
2069:
2285:
2280:
1339:
considered that "the desacralizing of space is something that my generation experienced in all kinds of ways".
1324:
of the individual self from profane intrusion, establishing ritual places for inward work in opposition to the
1296:
The advance of the profane has led to several countermovements, attempting to limit the scope of the profanum.
474:
702:
247:
2153:
1951:
Barber, C. Renate. 1965. "Sacred and
Profane: Some Thoughts on the Folk-Urban Continuum of This Dichotomy."
2203:
182:
1516:
1206:
represents the interests of the group, especially unity, which were embodied in sacred group symbols, or
1261:
represent movements from one stateâthe profaneâto the other, the sacred; or back again to the profanum.
2275:
2159:
2062:
2033:
1461:
923:
780:
2218:
2183:
1148:
influence were turned from names of deities and spirits to profanity and used as such, like famous
672:
524:
137:
34:
1607:
2116:
1998:
1466:
855:
805:
586:
419:
207:
20:
1500:, p. 37. London: George Allen & Unwin (originally published 1915, English translation 1915).
1314:â Christian, Muslim, or other â set its face against the profanum with a return to sacred writ.
2244:
2198:
1940:
1650:
800:
632:
627:
222:
489:
1482:
1175:
1033:
815:
652:
544:
539:
494:
464:
2270:
2249:
1945:
1133:
962:
687:
572:
534:
132:
82:
8:
1400:
1321:
1082:
1029:
869:
647:
579:
469:
2178:
1965:
1925:
1587:
1214:, as the sacred could be either good or evil, and the profane could be either as well.
835:
726:
484:
259:
122:
2044:
2012:
2002:
1699:
1659:
1631:
1573:
1273:
1149:
1090:
721:
593:
454:
373:
291:
2085:
1191:
1101:
444:
1958:
1470:
1390:
1258:
1163:
987:
746:
731:
682:
514:
1425:
2213:
1935:
1878:
1746:
1654:
1305:
1011:
982:
972:
795:
616:
479:
434:
389:
379:
177:
167:
92:
1985:
1900:
1892:
1368:
1311:
1277:
1253:
1077:
in religious use may refer to a lack of respect for things that are held to be
992:
967:
840:
399:
394:
459:
2264:
2023:
1953:
1910:
1531:
1474:
1395:
1353:
1336:
1325:
1211:
1202:, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden." In Durkheim's theory, the
845:
662:
620:
529:
519:
504:
499:
449:
343:
1511:
1358:
1145:
1137:
830:
763:
509:
439:
202:
197:
107:
1128:
was a more offensive attack on religion and religious figures, considered
948:
2193:
1455:
1380:
1249:
1188:
1086:
943:
889:
820:
775:
424:
338:
321:
217:
187:
147:
2239:
1969:
1929:
1405:
1317:
1220:
933:
429:
333:
162:
157:
142:
127:
117:
112:
87:
77:
1140:
speak against swearing. In some countries, profanity words often have
667:
1385:
1363:
1301:
1297:
1284:
1198:: "religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to
1125:
1100:
The distinction between the sacred and the profane was considered by
1006:
908:
894:
825:
790:
770:
751:
736:
281:
192:
102:
62:
1962:
306:
1872:
1681:, edited and translated by K. E. Fields. New York: The Free Press.
1349:
1232:
1195:
1105:
977:
928:
918:
884:
879:
874:
862:
785:
716:
709:
697:
316:
276:
271:
1886:
2136:
2054:
1658:(Translated by Guy Lanoue and Alexandre Sadetsky) 2000 Routledge
1154:
1094:
1018:
999:
955:
850:
741:
67:
1187:
The sacredâprofane dichotomy is a concept posited by the French
2223:
1374:
1237:
1203:
1194:
in 1912, who considered it to be the central characteristic of
1158:, which was believed to be an original name of the thunder god
1078:
938:
692:
677:
657:
311:
172:
152:
72:
1207:
1141:
913:
901:
637:
296:
286:
212:
1159:
642:
301:
1129:
756:
1304:
and a sense of the sacred back into secular reality â
2011:
1995, translated by Karen E. Fields. The Free Press:
16:
Lack of respect for things that are held to be sacred
1868:
1081:, which implies anything inspiring or deserving of
2029:The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion
1608:"Miten suomalaiset kiroilivat ennen kristinuskoa?"
1454:
1418:
1453:
2262:
1240:for example may be sacred yet little respected.
1922:The Decline of the Sacred in Industrial Society
1630:. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura. 1976.
2070:
1104:to be central to the social reality of human
1051:
47:Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru
19:"Unholy" redirects here. For other uses, see
1524:
1182:
2125:The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
2077:
2063:
1991:The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
1592:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1498:The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
1430:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
1058:
1044:
1920:Acquaviva, S. S., and Patricia Lipscomb.
1978:," translated by R. M. Stockman. In the
1948:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1698:. New York: Oxford University Press. US
1169:Profanities, in the original meaning of
566:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
2032:, translated by W. R. Trask. New York:
1628:Suomen kielen etymologinen sanakirja. 3
1552:
2263:
1678:The Elementary Forms of Religious Life
2058:
1449:
1447:
1567:
1483:participating institution membership
1331:
1087:behaviour showing similar disrespect
255:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
2209:Quantitative methods in criminology
2043:New York: Oxford University Press.
1291:
1267:
13:
2135:
2084:
1905:Postmodernism, Reason and Religion
1864:
1532:"Bad Words [in the Bible]"
1509:
1444:
385:Archaeology of religion and ritual
14:
2297:
2189:Mechanical and organic solidarity
2101:The Division of Labour in Society
2109:The Rules of Sociological Method
1915:Patterns in Comparative Religion
1885:
1871:
1120:originates from classical Latin
41:
1848:
1839:
1826:
1821:The Psychology of Human Destiny
1813:
1800:
1787:
1778:
1765:
1756:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1709:
1688:
1669:
1644:
1320:too has set out to protect the
98:Evolutionary origin of religion
1651:Meletinsky, Eleazar Moiseevich
1620:
1600:
1561:
1555:ItÀmerensuomalaisten mytologia
1546:
1503:
1490:
1243:
253:Treatise on the Apparitions of
1:
1412:
703:Traditional African religions
248:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
1553:Siikala, Anna-Leena (2013).
1227:In contrast, the sacred, or
1132:, and a direct violation of
1111:
7:
2214:Statistical social research
2041:Seven Theories of Religion.
1517:Online Etymology Dictionary
1342:
10:
2302:
2034:Harcourt Brace & World
1976:The Sacred and the Profane
1696:Seven Theories of Religion
1247:
18:
2232:
2169:
2146:
2133:
2092:
1462:Oxford English Dictionary
1426:"Definition of profanity"
781:Armenian Apostolic Church
2219:Collective effervescence
2204:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
2184:Collective consciousness
1980:Encyclopedia of Religion
1836:(1991) p. 194 and p. 128
1496:Durkheim, Ămile (1976).
1183:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
673:Native American religion
328:Revitalization movements
183:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
35:Anthropology of religion
1982:. via Encyclopedia.com.
1675:Emile Durkheim. 1995.
1467:Oxford University Press
1162:, the chief god of the
587:The Journal of Religion
208:Theories about religion
21:Unholy (disambiguation)
2199:Sociology of knowledge
2140:
1941:Rabelais and His World
1808:Turning Back the Clock
1475:10.1093/OED/3577715803
1276:project have led to a
1272:Modernization and the
633:Alaska Native religion
628:Afro-American religion
223:Veneration of the dead
2286:Sociology of religion
2281:Sociological theories
2139:
1176:Dialogues of the Gods
1171:blasphemous profanity
1034:cultural anthropology
653:Chinese folk religion
545:Anthony F. C. Wallace
540:Daniel Martin Varisco
465:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
367:of the Religious Life
2250:History of sociology
2160:L'Année Sociologique
2039:Pals, Daniel. 1996.
1997:1965, translated by
1694:Pals, Daniel. 1996.
1134:The Ten Commandments
688:Shamanism in Siberia
535:Edward Burnett Tylor
365:The Elementary Forms
133:Magic (supernatural)
83:Comparative religion
1773:Man and his Symbols
1737:Durkheim, pp. 39â40
1655:The Poetics of Myth
1568:Salo, Unto (1990).
1465:(Online ed.).
1401:Symbolic boundaries
870:Hindu denominations
811:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
580:The Hibbert Journal
490:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
475:Fustel de Coulanges
29:Part of a series on
2179:Social integration
2154:Academic sociology
2141:
2001:. The Free Press:
1854:Denis O'Driscoll,
1751:The Jameson Reader
1717:A Rumour of Angels
924:Non-denominational
836:Oriental Orthodoxy
390:Poles in mythology
123:Laying on of hands
2258:
2257:
1974:Colpe, Carsten. "
1810:(2007) pp. 218â20
1793:Wallace Stevens,
1784:Jameson, p. 180-2
1762:Berger, pp. 13â14
1510:Harper, Douglas.
1481:(Subscription or
1332:Cultural examples
1328:loss of privacy.
1300:set out to bring
1150:Finnish profanity
1144:roots that after
1136:. Moreover, many
1091:religious offense
1068:
1067:
856:Russian Orthodoxy
806:Eastern Orthodoxy
455:Arnold van Gennep
374:Purity and Danger
2293:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2056:
2055:
1944:, translated by
1936:Bakhtin, Mikhail
1895:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1692:
1686:
1673:
1667:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1583:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1557:. Helsinki: SKS.
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1534:. OpenBible.info
1528:
1522:
1521:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1478:
1458:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1422:
1391:Secular religion
1292:Counter reaction
1268:Profane progress
1259:Rites of passage
1060:
1053:
1046:
801:Coptic Orthodoxy
515:Marshall Sahlins
357:Related articles
45:
26:
25:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2228:
2171:
2165:
2142:
2131:
2088:
2083:
1986:Durkheim, Emile
1963:10.2307/2797525
1891:
1884:
1879:Religion portal
1877:
1870:
1867:
1865:Further reading
1862:
1856:Stepping Stones
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1795:Collected Poems
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:(2005) p. 180-1
1747:Fredric Jameson
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:Durkheim, p. 38
1727:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1693:
1689:
1674:
1670:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1566:
1562:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1480:
1452:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1345:
1334:
1306:Wallace Stevens
1294:
1270:
1256:
1246:
1185:
1114:
1064:
1024:
1023:
816:Greek Orthodoxy
796:Catholic Church
612:
611:
600:
599:
560:
559:
550:
549:
525:Stanley Tambiah
480:Clifford Geertz
435:Joseph Campbell
420:Augustin Calmet
415:
414:
413:Major theorists
405:
404:
380:Myth and ritual
366:
359:
358:
349:
348:
254:
238:
237:
228:
227:
178:Sacred language
168:Rite of passage
93:Divine language
58:
57:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Ămile Durkheim
2273:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2170:Conceptualized
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2086:Ămile Durkheim
2082:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2037:
2024:Eliade, Mircea
2021:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1983:
1972:
1949:
1933:
1918:
1908:
1901:Ernest Gellner
1897:
1896:
1893:Society portal
1882:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1847:
1838:
1825:
1812:
1799:
1786:
1777:
1764:
1755:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1715:Peter Berger,
1708:
1687:
1668:
1643:
1636:
1619:
1599:
1578:
1560:
1545:
1523:
1502:
1489:
1443:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1369:Grotesque body
1366:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1333:
1330:
1312:Fundamentalism
1293:
1290:
1278:secularisation
1269:
1266:
1254:Deconsecration
1245:
1242:
1224:or lifeworld.
1192:Ămile Durkheim
1184:
1181:
1113:
1110:
1102:Ămile Durkheim
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
959:
958:
952:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
905:
904:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
865:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
841:Pentecostalism
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
767:
766:
760:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
713:
712:
706:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
624:
623:
621:folk religions
613:
607:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
561:
557:
556:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
445:Ămile Durkheim
442:
437:
432:
427:
425:Akbar S. Ahmed
422:
416:
412:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
400:Elite religion
397:
395:Lived religion
392:
387:
382:
377:
370:
360:
356:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
341:
336:
330:
329:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
268:
267:
263:
262:
257:
250:
244:
243:
239:
235:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
56:Basic concepts
55:
54:
53:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2298:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2050:
2049:0-19-508725-9
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2017:0-02-907937-3
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:0-02-908010-X
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:Mircea Eliade
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1869:
1858:(2008) p. 309
1857:
1851:
1845:Eco, p. 77-88
1842:
1835:
1829:
1823:(1974) p. 130
1822:
1816:
1809:
1806:Umberto Eco.
1803:
1797:(1984) p. 412
1796:
1790:
1781:
1775:(1978) p. 295
1774:
1768:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1706:(pbk). p. 99.
1705:
1704:0-19-508725-9
1701:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1664:0-415-92898-2
1661:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1637:951-9019-16-2
1633:
1629:
1623:
1609:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1581:
1579:951-649-695-4
1575:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1549:
1533:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Secular state
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:carnivalesque
1351:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1337:Seamus Heaney
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:Enlightenment
1265:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:sacred things
1197:
1193:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1164:Finnish pagan
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:, as well as
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
957:
954:
953:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
900:
899:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
864:
861:
860:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
846:Protestantism
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
765:
762:
761:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
711:
708:
707:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
622:
618:
615:
614:
610:
604:
603:
596:
595:
591:
589:
588:
584:
582:
581:
577:
575:
574:
570:
568:
567:
563:
562:
554:
553:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
530:Victor Turner
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:Melford Spiro
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
505:Roy Rappaport
503:
501:
500:Steven Ozment
498:
496:
495:Robert Marett
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Mircea Eliade
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
409:
408:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:
371:
369:
368:
362:
361:
353:
352:
345:
344:Handsome Lake
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
326:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
265:
264:
261:
258:
256:
251:
249:
246:
245:
241:
240:
232:
231:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
44:
40:
39:
36:
33:
32:
28:
27:
22:
2158:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2040:
2027:
1999:Joseph Swain
1989:
1979:
1952:
1939:
1921:
1914:
1904:
1855:
1850:
1841:
1833:
1832:Robert Bly,
1828:
1820:
1819:Eric Berne,
1815:
1807:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1780:
1772:
1771:C. G. Jung,
1767:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1719:(1973) p. 15
1716:
1711:
1695:
1690:
1676:
1671:
1653:
1646:
1627:
1622:
1611:. Retrieved
1602:
1569:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1526:
1515:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1487:Adjective, 2
1460:
1436:11 September
1434:. Retrieved
1420:
1373:
1359:Deconsecrate
1335:
1316:
1310:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1263:
1257:
1228:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1199:
1186:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1153:
1138:Bible verses
1121:
1117:
1115:
1099:
1074:
1070:
1069:
963:Conservative
831:Nestorianism
764:Christianity
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
510:Saba Mahmood
485:Robin Horton
470:James Frazer
440:Mary Douglas
372:
363:
260:Neo-Paganism
236:Case studies
203:Superstition
198:Soul dualism
108:Great Spirit
2271:Dichotomies
2194:Social fact
2172:and defined
1946:H. Iswolsky
1924:. (Review:
1381:Sacred site
1250:Desecration
1244:Transitions
1189:sociologist
1089:or causing
890:Vaishnavism
821:Lutheranism
776:Anglicanism
460:René Girard
339:Ghost Dance
218:Transtheism
188:Sacred site
148:Nympholepsy
2265:Categories
2240:Positivism
1957:65:45â46.
1613:2015-12-25
1485:required.)
1413:References
1406:Wickedness
1326:postmodern
1322:boundaries
1318:Psychology
1248:See also:
1221:Lebenswelt
1166:pantheon.
1012:ĆvetÄmbara
648:Böö mörgöl
430:Talal Asad
334:Cargo cult
163:Polytheism
158:Pilgrimage
143:Monotheism
128:Liminality
118:Initiation
113:Henotheism
88:Divination
78:Communitas
1834:Iron John
1588:cite book
1572:. Turku.
1512:"profane"
1456:"profane"
1386:Sacrilege
1364:Desecrate
1298:Modernism
1285:Carl Jung
1212:goodâevil
1146:Christian
1126:blasphemy
1116:The term
1112:Etymology
1083:reverence
1075:profanity
1007:Digambara
949:YazdĂąnism
929:Quranists
909:Ahmadiyya
895:Ayyavazhi
826:Methodism
791:Calvinism
771:Adventism
752:Vajrayana
737:Theravada
727:Pure Land
609:Religions
282:Bobohizan
193:Shamanism
103:Fetishism
63:Afterlife
2245:Totemism
2026:. 1957.
1988:. 1912.
1938:. 1993
1538:30 April
1432:â online
1350:Carnival
1343:See also
1233:numinous
1196:religion
1179:satire.
1122:profanus
1106:religion
988:Orthodox
978:Haymanot
919:Mahdavia
885:Smartism
880:Shaktism
875:Shaivism
863:Hinduism
786:Baptists
722:Nichiren
717:Mahayana
710:Buddhism
698:Tengrism
573:Folklore
558:Journals
317:Slametan
277:Babaylan
272:Angakkuq
2233:Related
2147:Founded
2117:Suicide
1970:2797525
1930:1202830
1155:perkele
1118:profane
1095:secular
1071:Profane
1019:Sikhism
1000:Jainism
983:Karaite
973:Hasidic
956:Judaism
851:Quakers
747:Tibetan
742:Tiantai
732:Shingon
668:KejawĂšn
594:Oceania
68:Animism
2224:Anomie
2128:(1912)
2120:(1897)
2112:(1895)
2104:(1893)
2051:(pbk).
2047:
2015:
2005:
1968:
1928:
1917:(1993)
1907:(1992)
1702:
1662:
1634:
1576:
1375:Kegare
1238:amulet
1229:sacrum
1208:totems
1204:sacred
1130:sinful
1079:sacred
1030:Social
993:Reform
968:Haredi
939:Sufism
693:Shinto
683:Shindo
678:Noaidi
658:Hanitu
617:Ethnic
312:Pawang
307:JhÄkri
266:Ritual
173:Ritual
153:Oracle
73:Augury
2093:Books
1966:JSTOR
1926:JSTOR
1683:p. 35
1666:p.110
1479:
1152:word
1142:pagan
1073:, or
944:Sunni
914:Ibadi
902:Islam
663:Hausa
638:Anito
297:Dukun
287:Bomoh
242:Magic
213:Totem
2045:ISBN
2013:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1594:link
1574:ISBN
1540:2015
1438:2014
1352:and
1302:myth
1252:and
1160:Ukko
1032:and
934:Shia
643:Atua
619:and
302:Miko
292:Bora
138:Mana
1959:doi
1954:Man
1471:doi
1097:".
757:Zen
2267::
1994:,
1932:).
1913:,
1903:,
1749:,
1590:}}
1586:{{
1514:.
1469:.
1459:.
1446:^
1428:.
1108:.
322:Wu
2078:e
2071:t
2064:v
2036:.
1961::
1685:.
1640:.
1616:.
1596:)
1582:.
1542:.
1520:.
1477:.
1473::
1440:.
1059:e
1052:t
1045:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
