318:, who met with him and Bach-Zelewski on 28 July in their new quarters at Liakhovichi in Byelorussia. Fegelein interpreted these orders as follows: Enemy soldiers in uniform were to be taken prisoner, and those found out of uniform were to be shot. Jewish males, with the exception of a few skilled workers such as doctors and leather workers, would be shot. Fegelein split the territory to be covered into two sections divided by the
35:
479:. The second stage of the operation ended on either 29 August or 31 August. Fegelein's final report on the operation, dated 18 September, states that they killed 14,178 Jews, 1,001 partisans, and 699 Red Army soldiers with losses of 17 dead, 36 wounded, and 3 missing. The historian Henning Pieper estimates the actual number of Jews killed being closer to 23,700.
309:
disagreeable attitude to
Germans" — to shoot men, deport women and children, confiscate livestock and food, burn habitations. On the other hand, population "showing agreeable attitude to Germans" was to be "spared" and even to be partially armed. Himmler's orders for the operation were passed to Fegelein via
221:
These massacres are considered to be the first planned mass murders of civilians carried out by Nazi
Germany. At least 13,788 people were killed in phase one and 3,500 Jewish men and boys were killed in phase two. The principal means of execution employed was mass shootings, after the local populace
308:
from the 1st and 2nd SS Cavalry
Regiments. Also, Himmler ordered von dem Bach-Zelewski to present him with the plan of the extermination operation. The "Special order" of Himmler dated 28 July 1941 ordered von dem Bach-Zelewski to harshly exterminate the Pripyat swamps region's population "with
325:
Himmler notified
Fegelein by telegram on 1 August that the numbers killed so far were too low. A few days later, Himmler issued regimental order no. 42, which called for all male Jews over the age of 14 to be killed. The women and children were to be driven into the swamps and drowned. Thus
276:, issued on 27 April. The note was addressed to all countries with which the USSR had maintained diplomatic relations. It is believed that the international publicity and shock caused by this data prompted Nazis to hide or destroy other materials concerned with this operation.
292:
SS Cavalry
Regiments were assigned to the general command of HSSPF von dem Bach-Zelewski for the action which took place in two stages. The beginning date of the operation is considered 28 July 1941. On that day the two SS cavalry regiments were transferred to
494:
By the definition of Alexey Litvin, who considers that the previous definition of operation, given by V. Lazyebnikaw and V. Pase, "operation... against the encircled units of Red Army, partisans and local population", is overly generalized and so
404:
B conducted the mass extermination of the Jewish population in Pinsk. Besides that, several elements of the 1st and 2nd SS Cavalry
Regiments formed the leading force to block Soviet forces which broke out of the encirclement in the vicinity of
322:, with the 1st Regiment taking the northern half and the 2nd Regiment the south. The regiments worked their way from east to west through their assigned territory, and filed daily reports on the number of people killed and taken prisoner.
330:
to wipe out entire Jewish communities. As the water in the swamps was too shallow and some areas had no swamps, it proved impractical to drown the women and children, so in the end they were shot as well.
269:. Beginning on 28 July 1941 and lasting until August, the operation was conducted in two stages, with the second stage beginning on 14 August. There is no data on the SS troops' losses in their reports.
222:
had been rounded up. Other methods were also tried, including driving people into the swamps and drowning them, though this was largely ineffective owing to their shallowness.
1467:
289:
285:
448:. According to the report of 29 August, the brigade's losses were 23 dead and wounded, and the losses of Soviet troops were from 600 to 700 dead and 10 prisoners.
372:
1457:
1452:
472:
1447:
367:, and "combed" the territory to the south, south-east and south-west reaching the Pripyat River. The forces of 2nd SS Cavalry Regiment moved from
1067:
444:
In the course of this stage, the 2nd
Regiment fought one or two battalions of the Soviet regular and irregular troops on 21 August 1941 near
272:
Captured German documents about the operation reached the Soviet leadership in Moscow in
January 1942, and were published in a note by the
759:
464:
1421:
273:
992:
429:
railroad to the east, conducting the "cleansing" of the right and left banks of the
Pripyat River keeping south of the highway R-1 (
105:
191:
76:
725:
706:
395:, and searched the territory to the south and north of the Pripyat River, until making contact with 1st SS Cavalry Regiment.
225:
Among others, the villages of
Dvarets, Khochan', Azyarany, Starazhowtsy and Kramno, were completely destroyed by burning and
1477:
1472:
1297:
686:(Lazyebnikaw and Pase) Лазебнікаў В. С., Пасэ У. С. Прыпяцкія балоты // Belarusian Soviet Encyclopedia, V.8. p. 604.
259:
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195:
129:
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80:
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1241:
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266:
952:
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1139:
809:
745:
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734:(Turonek) Jerzy Turonek. Białoruś pod okupacją niemiecką. Warszawa—Wrocław: WERS, 1989. 186 p., ill.
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1318:
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1144:
1077:
824:
799:
794:
768:
829:
819:
814:
804:
927:
575:
This plan has not been found, so the information on it has had to be reconstructed. Litvin, 2003
1402:
1187:
1129:
972:
1340:
1215:
1197:
1124:
1087:
942:
210:. These units were ordered to kill as many Jews as possible, in a region in and around the
689:(Litvin 2003) Литвин Алексей. Убийцы // Советская Белоруссия No.226 (21892), 3.12.2003. —
8:
1324:
917:
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1276:
1180:
1170:
1035:
301:
247:
119:
239:
1374:
1312:
887:
721:
718:
Fegelein's Horsemen and Genocidal Warfare: The SS Cavalry Brigade in the Soviet Union
702:
452:
1246:
1134:
1072:
1025:
1015:
1010:
1005:
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967:
867:
311:
305:
243:
199:
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1302:
1030:
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40:
26:
1210:
962:
907:
737:
183:
84:
852:
468:
422:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
294:
16:
1941 Nazi massacres of civilians in Byelorussia and Ukraine, Soviet Union
937:
902:
877:
451:
In the course of following days the 1st Regiment combed the region of
182:) were a series of mass murders carried out by the military forces of
426:
388:
376:
251:
207:
203:
421:
The forces of the SS Cavalry Brigade moved from the initial line of
1175:
438:
410:
364:
380:
360:
202:
ordered these operations, which were carried out by units of the
43:(also called the Pripyat Marshes), the location of the massacres
476:
460:
434:
406:
218:
of the Byelorussian SSR and three raions of the Ukrainian SSR.
94:
445:
392:
384:
368:
263:
215:
617:
463:, and the 2nd Regiment advanced to the east of the line of
187:
720:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
34:
641:
545:
629:
607:
605:
523:
521:
519:
590:
398:
Coordinating with the 2nd SS Cavalry Regiment's move,
274:
People's Commissariat (Ministry) for Foreign Relations
1468:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
665:
653:
602:
516:
297:
for the "systematic combing of the Pripyat swamps".
557:
339:The forces of 1st SS Cavalry Regiment moved from
1439:
753:
583:
581:
767:
52:28 July – 29 August 1941
1112:
699:Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1
1458:Holocaust massacres and pogroms in Ukraine
1453:Holocaust massacres and pogroms in Belarus
1422:History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
760:
746:
578:
279:
33:
538:
536:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
326:Fegelein's units were among the first in
1448:Anti-partisan operations of World War II
300:Shortly thereafter, Himmler ordered the
1351:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
1440:
715:
696:
671:
659:
647:
635:
623:
611:
596:
563:
551:
533:
527:
498:
159:Multiple villages completely destroyed
1068:Ukrainian Righteous Among the Nations
741:
198:, during July–August 1941. SS leader
81:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republics
1298:Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph
416:
206:(the regular armed forces) and the
13:
334:
304:to be formed under the command of
14:
1489:
701:. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender.
262:, under the general command of
104:Soviet civilians (particularly
691:Newspaper's archive in the net
569:
488:
1:
1242:Bogdanovka concentration camp
680:
237:The operation was ordered by
1262:Vapniarka concentration camp
7:
1478:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
1473:War crimes of the Waffen-SS
1382:She Paid the Ultimate Price
1272:Janowska concentration camp
790:Related articles by country
267:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
10:
1494:
1368:Luboml: My Heart Remembers
1267:Pechora concentration camp
1151:Ukrainian People's Militia
1140:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
232:
229:was partially destroyed.
1412:
1359:
1333:
1285:
1257:Syrets concentration camp
1234:
1221:Pripyat Marshes massacres
1163:
1105:
1060:
1044:
991:
845:
838:
775:
172:Pripyat Marshes massacres
155:
138:
112:
100:
90:
68:
48:
32:
24:
20:Pripyat Marshes massacres
1427:Transnistria Governorate
1319:The Last Jew in Vinnitsa
1145:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
1078:Hermann Friedrich Graebe
953:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
769:The Holocaust in Ukraine
716:Pieper, Henning (2015).
697:Miller, Michael (2006).
482:
260:252nd Infantry Divisions
280:Beginning of the events
256:162nd Infantry Division
246:to be conducted by the
180:Prypyatsümpfe Säuberung
130:252nd Infantry Division
125:162nd Infantry Division
542:(Lazyebnikaw and Pase)
179:
1403:Word of the Righteous
1188:Bila Tserkva massacre
1130:Police Regiment South
973:Hans Graf von Sponeck
626:, pp. 86, 88–89.
371:in the directions of
284:On 19 July 1941, the
1341:Einsatzgruppen trial
1125:Nachtigall Battalion
1088:Klymentiy Sheptytsky
943:Walter von Reichenau
928:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
413:highway on 27 July.
343:in the direction of
1325:Deutsche Volksliste
1206:Kamianets-Podilskyi
918:Hans von Obstfelder
913:Gustav Adolf Nosske
893:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
650:, pp. 119–120.
554:, pp. 79, 119.
21:
1389:The Lemberg Mosaic
1036:Petro Zakhvalynsky
933:Paul Otto Radomski
302:SS Cavalry Brigade
248:SS Cavalry Brigade
214:, comprising nine
145:13,788 (phase one)
120:SS Cavalry Brigade
19:
1463:Massacres in 1941
1435:
1434:
1375:No Place on Earth
1313:Sonderaktion 1005
1199:Durchgangsstrasse
1159:
1158:
1101:
1100:
888:Friedrich Jeckeln
727:978-1-137-45631-1
708:978-9-3297-0037-2
638:, pp. 89–90.
599:, pp. 80–81.
250:, as well as the
168:
167:
164:partially damaged
148:3,500 (phase two)
1485:
1418:
1293:Graebe affidavit
1247:Drohobycz Ghetto
1135:Schutzmannschaft
1110:
1109:
1073:Aleksei Glagolev
1026:Hryhoriy Vasiura
1016:Vladimir Katriuk
1011:Anatoliy Kabayda
1006:Feodor Fedorenko
983:Dieter Wisliceny
968:Heinrich Seetzen
883:Günther Herrmann
868:Hermann Fegelein
843:
842:
791:
781:
762:
755:
748:
739:
738:
731:
712:
675:
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651:
645:
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633:
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621:
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585:
576:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
540:
531:
525:
514:
511:
496:
492:
417:The second stage
373:Kamen'-Kashirski
312:SS-Brigadefuhrer
306:Hermann Fegelein
244:Heinrich Himmler
200:Heinrich Himmler
63:
61:
57:
37:
22:
18:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1416:
1408:
1396:The White Hotel
1355:
1329:
1308:Generalplan Ost
1303:Katzmann Report
1281:
1277:Priest's Grotto
1230:
1216:Odessa massacre
1155:
1097:
1056:
1040:
1031:Petro Voinovsky
987:
948:Walter Schimana
834:
789:
779:
771:
766:
728:
709:
683:
678:
670:
666:
658:
654:
646:
642:
634:
630:
622:
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603:
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587:Turonek, p. 101
586:
579:
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558:
550:
546:
541:
534:
526:
517:
512:
499:
493:
489:
485:
419:
337:
335:The first stage
282:
240:Reichsführer-SS
235:
212:Pripyat Marshes
160:
156:Property damage
151:
134:
59:
55:
53:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1481:
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1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1226:Sarny massacre
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Einsatzgruppen
1116:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1052:Tatiana Markus
1048:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:Vasyl Meleshko
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:John Demjanjuk
997:
995:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
958:Heinz Schubert
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
923:Otto Ohlendorf
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
898:Fritz Katzmann
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
873:Lothar Fendler
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
847:
840:
836:
835:
833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
776:
773:
772:
765:
764:
757:
750:
742:
736:
735:
732:
726:
713:
707:
694:
687:
682:
679:
677:
676:
674:, p. 120.
664:
662:, p. 310.
652:
640:
628:
616:
601:
589:
577:
568:
556:
544:
532:
530:, p. 309.
515:
497:
486:
484:
481:
475:) towards the
473:Knyaz'-Vozyera
418:
415:
336:
333:
316:Kurt Knoblauch
281:
278:
234:
231:
166:
165:
157:
153:
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150:
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140:
136:
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127:
122:
116:
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110:
109:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
70:
66:
65:
64:(or 31 August)
50:
46:
45:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1490:
1479:
1476:
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1347:
1346:Kharkov Trial
1344:
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1268:
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1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Mizocz Ghetto
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
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1207:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:Drobytsky Yar
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1174:
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1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:Organizations
1104:
1094:
1093:Yurii Sokolov
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:Omelyan Kovch
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
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1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
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1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
994:
993:Collaborators
990:
984:
981:
979:
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896:
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889:
886:
884:
881:
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876:
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871:
869:
866:
864:
863:Kurt Eberhard
861:
859:
858:Werner Braune
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
844:
841:
837:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
788:
786:
785:The Holocaust
783:
778:
777:
774:
770:
763:
758:
756:
751:
749:
744:
743:
740:
733:
729:
723:
719:
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700:
695:
692:
688:
685:
684:
673:
668:
661:
656:
649:
644:
637:
632:
625:
620:
614:, p. 81.
613:
608:
606:
598:
593:
584:
582:
572:
566:, p. 79.
565:
560:
553:
548:
539:
537:
529:
524:
522:
520:
513:(Litvin 2003)
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
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480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
414:
412:
408:
403:
402:
401:Einsatzgruppe
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
332:
329:
328:the Holocaust
323:
321:
320:Pripyat River
317:
314:
313:
307:
303:
298:
296:
291:
287:
277:
275:
270:
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245:
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241:
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219:
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209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:civilians in
189:
185:
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177:
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163:
158:
154:
147:
144:
143:
141:
137:
131:
128:
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111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:Pinsk Marshes
71:
67:
51:
47:
42:
41:Pinsk Marshes
36:
31:
28:
27:the Holocaust
23:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1360:Books, films
1317:
1220:
1211:Lviv pogroms
1198:
1113:Perpetrators
978:Otto Wächter
963:Erwin Schulz
908:Felix Landau
846:Perpetrators
780:Main article
717:
698:
667:
655:
643:
631:
619:
592:
571:
559:
547:
490:
477:Ptsich River
450:
443:
420:
399:
397:
338:
324:
310:
299:
283:
271:
238:
236:
224:
220:
184:Nazi Germany
171:
169:
85:Soviet Union
77:Byelorussian
853:Paul Blobel
672:Pieper 2015
660:Miller 2006
648:Pieper 2015
636:Pieper 2015
624:Pieper 2015
612:Pieper 2015
597:Pieper 2015
564:Pieper 2015
552:Pieper 2015
528:Miller 2006
469:Lyakhavichy
423:Baranavichy
357:Ivatsevichy
353:Baranavichy
349:Hantsavichy
345:Lyakhavichy
341:Baranavichy
295:Baranavichy
113:Perpetrator
1442:Categories
938:Otto Rasch
903:Erich Koch
878:Hans Frank
681:References
495:imprecise.
60:1941-08-29
56:1941-07-28
1181:memorials
1171:Artemivsk
810:Lithuania
427:Luninyets
389:Luninyets
377:Drahichyn
252:Wehrmacht
208:Waffen-SS
204:Wehrmacht
1417:See also
1286:Evidence
1176:Babi Yar
1061:Rescuers
453:Starobin
439:Babruysk
411:Babruysk
365:Pruzhany
186:against
69:Location
58: –
25:Part of
1045:Victims
825:Romania
800:Estonia
795:Belarus
381:Ivanava
361:Byaroza
233:History
196:Ukraine
192:Belarus
54: (
1334:Trials
1235:Places
1164:Events
839:People
830:Russia
820:Poland
815:Norway
805:Latvia
724:
705:
465:Kol'na
461:Ptsich
457:Lyuban
435:Slutsk
407:Slutsk
216:raions
188:Jewish
176:German
139:Deaths
101:Target
95:Nazism
91:Motive
1147:(UPA)
483:Notes
446:Turaw
431:Brest
393:Pinsk
385:Sarny
369:Lutsk
264:HSSPF
227:Turaw
162:Turaw
722:ISBN
703:ISBN
383:and
288:and
258:and
194:and
170:The
106:Jews
79:and
49:Date
39:The
441:).
290:2nd
286:1st
254:'s
1444::
1201:IV
604:^
580:^
535:^
518:^
500:^
467:—
459:—
455:—
437:—
433:—
425:—
391:—
387:—
379:—
375:—
363:—
359:—
355:—
351:,
347:—
178::
83:,
75:,
761:e
754:t
747:v
730:.
711:.
693:.
471:(
409:—
174:(
108:)
62:)
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