567:
2474:
503:
2157:
2390:
2137:
175:
2087:
1785:
2040:
160:
2125:
2013:
1777:
1488:
2028:
2102:
2067:
1181:
148:
2336:
489:
1532:, and throughout that period of nearly eight centuries the Prince-Bishopric of Liège succeeded in maintaining a level of autonomy, though it remained under the emperor. This virtual independence was owed largely to the ability of its bishops, who on several occasions played an important part in international politics, being strategically positioned between
1903:. Completely encircled by Spanish territory, Liège was protected by treaties of neutrality which permitted the passage of Spanish troops through the prince-bishop's territory provided that they spent no more than two nights in one place. The importance of the prince-bishopric to Habsburg military logistics in the
1566:
Notger, the founder of the principality, also rebuilt the cathedral of St
Lambert, as well as the episcopal palace. He was also involved in other building activities in the city, which flourished under his rule (churches of St Paul, St. John the Evangelist, Sainte-Croix and St Denis). This bishop
1707:
The struggles between the upper and lower classes, in which the prince-bishops frequently intervened, developed through the 13th and 14th centuries, and culminate in the 15th century in the pillage and destruction of the episcopal city. In the reign of Robert of
Thourotte (1240–1246),
1507:
The large diocese of the medieval bishops was, until 1559, much larger than the princedom which was in their possession. However, the princely domain was gradually enlarged by donations and by acquisitions. In the 10th century, the bishops received
1692:, on the pretext that the election was doubtful, gave the see to Lothair of Hochstadt. Albero's election was confirmed by the pope but in 1192, shortly after he took office, he was assassinated by three German knights at
1306:) from 1789 to 1791, before reverting to a prince-bishopric in 1791. The role of the bishop as prince permanently ended when the state was annexed by France in 1795. In 1815 the territories it had held became part of the
2136:
2190:
2839:
3152:
2156:
1571:, which he authorized for his diocese. Under Notger's administration, following up on the work of Heraclius, educational institutions in Liège flourished. With these two bishops (and
3083:
1971:
2378:
328:
2356:
2039:
1579:. "Liège for more than a century occupied among the nations a position in regard to science which it has never recovered". Subsequent bishops, Balderic of Looz (1008–1018),
2249:
The name of the city and prince-bishopric was spelled Liége until the early 20th century and that spelling is still occasionally found in the title of old newspapers, etc.
2869:
1910:
Most of the bishops in the 17th century were foreigners, many of them holding several bishoprics at once. Their frequent absences gave free scope for those feuds of the
2766:
2086:
3147:
3157:
2947:
2806:
1980:
3182:
2859:
566:
3142:
2884:
2854:
2849:
1575:) "The schools of Liège were, in fact, at that time one of the brightest literary foci of the period". In the 11th century the city was indeed known as the
2925:
2894:
2879:
1720:. After much hesitation, the bishop approved of her idea but death prevented the institution of the feast. The completion of the work was left to a former
1760:(1313–1344), regulated the relations between the prince-bishop and his subjects. Nevertheless, internal discord continued and the episcopate of Arnold of
1604:
2371:
1587:, and Theoduin (1048–1075), valiantly sustained the heritage of Notger. The schools formed many brilliant scholars, and gave the Catholic Church popes
433:
174:
1858:
1753:
1095:
1842:(1505–1538) who brought a period of restoration. Erard was an enlightened protector of the arts. It was he who commenced the struggle against the
1696:. It is probable that the emperor was privy to this murder but Albero was canonized. In 1195, Albert de Cuyck (1195–1200) formally recognized the
1043:
2386:
2180:
2723:
2364:
1939:
2340:
1942:
developed into the Liège
Revolution. At the beginning of 1791, the revolution was crushed by troops on the orders of the Holy Roman Empire.
1209:
2124:
2027:
1978:
17:
3162:
1972:
1915:
1970:
3167:
1911:
1868:. The new bishoprics were created largely at the expense of the diocese of Liège; many of its parishes were given to the dioceses of
1973:
1846:, which his successors carried forth, especially Gerard of Groesbeeck (1564–1580). With the object of assisting in this struggle,
3098:
893:
2414:
2227:
1974:
1567:
also strengthened the parochial organization of the city. He was one of the first church leaders to spread the observance of
3137:
2302:
The Army of
Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries' Wars
3177:
2394:
1288:
2092:
1975:
1809:
1616:
2930:
2513:
1881:
1736:
an obligation throughout his diocese. John of Troyes, who, after having been archdeacon at Liège, was elected pope as
3027:
1931:
1813:
1468:
1307:
1254:
1084:
1021:
902:
585:
2940:
2250:
2195:
1202:
2442:
2101:
1977:
1460:
191:
1976:
603:
2054:
2012:
1757:
1170:
2437:
2979:
2447:
1831:
1654:, who died as his guest. Henry of Namur (1119–1121) was venerated as a martyr. During the administration of
2974:
2066:
1651:
1261:, which was larger and over which the prince-bishop exercised only the usual responsibilities of a bishop.
726:
159:
3172:
2452:
2217:
1938:. Partially connected with the French Revolution, a protest against the absolutist rule of prince bishop
1919:
1195:
1166:
1162:
669:
546:
1926:, 1650–1688) put a stop by the Edict of 1681. In the middle of the 18th century the ideas of the French
2460:
2163:
1989:
3076:
2493:
2422:
1600:
1106:
576:
1174:
1073:
933:
2508:
1954:
2874:
2748:
2702:
1873:
1843:
1801:
1741:
1721:
1063:
1010:
745:
2920:
2810:
2791:
2697:
2663:
2655:
2555:
2019:
1923:
943:
496:
296:
279:
3044:
2889:
2786:
2761:
1793:
1716:— was led by certain visions to the project of having a feast established in honour of the
1704:, along with the bishop, assumed a more important role in the history of the principality.
1667:
1655:
1608:
1322:
1136:
922:
843:
834:
823:
791:
766:
641:
2477:
The Lower
Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548
2108:
1839:
1615:(1055–1131) was an important intellectual of the period. He was first appointed deacon of
1381:
1303:
482:
8:
2999:
2952:
2899:
2864:
2834:
2796:
2743:
2585:
2432:
1900:
1869:
1835:
1671:
1596:
1583:(1018–1021), Durandus (1021–1025), Reginard (1025–1038), Nitard (1038–1042), the learned
1318:
1146:
1126:
1000:
812:
801:
698:
688:
124:
2185:
1950:
1935:
1709:
1675:
1492:
1292:
1258:
865:
420:
3072:
3056:
2966:
2776:
2771:
2629:
2577:
2322:
1885:
1729:
1701:
1663:
1471:). The second city of the prince-bishopric thus kept its special status throughout the
912:
854:
735:
555:
2560:
1891:
Liège formed the last link in the chain of
Habsburg allies that made up the so-called
1784:
1643:
1521:
1273:
1250:
313:
3068:
3052:
2815:
2756:
2733:
2647:
2595:
2398:
2351:
2274:
2223:
2046:
1797:
1733:
1717:
1685:
1647:
1568:
1544:
1529:
1525:
1365:
1330:
1296:
1238:
446:
378:
223:
195:
1612:
2935:
2718:
2270:
1904:
1877:
1825:
1805:
1689:
1592:
1464:
1326:
965:
954:
231:
108:
2346:
1310:, and in 1830 they were within the part of that kingdom which split off to become
756:
3064:
3036:
2710:
2692:
2679:
2590:
2546:
1958:
1934:(1772–1784), encouraged their propagation and thus prepared the way for the 1789
1761:
1725:
1713:
1627:
1588:
1560:
1552:
1397:
1325:, but from the 16th century onwards its politics were strongly influenced by the
1281:
1032:
407:
235:
227:
147:
78:
48:
3040:
2801:
2728:
2687:
2550:
1812:(1456–1482) was placed on the throne of Liège by the political machinations of
1765:
1745:
1732:, who returned to the city as papal legate. In 1252 Hugh made the feast of the
1548:
1543:
Throughout the Middle Ages, the prince-bishopric was further expanded with the
1429:
1246:
1231:
1185:
1116:
651:
394:
245:
93:
63:
1838:
in the 1540s, and unofficially also controlled the principality. He nominated
1776:
3131:
3113:
3100:
2600:
2564:
2503:
2473:
2406:
2317:
2058:
1927:
1865:
1737:
1513:
1421:
1377:
1277:
1269:
1053:
990:
875:
260:
1817:
1744:
in the whole Church. Another archdeacon of Liège became pope under the name
1487:
2523:
2485:
1892:
1847:
1639:
1425:
1409:
1401:
188:
1646:(1091–1119) increased the territory of the principality by purchasing the
2518:
2498:
2147:
1764:(1378–1389) was marked by the triumph of the popular party. In 1366, the
1524:(972–1008) and his successors are thus referred to as princes within the
630:
533:
345:
2634:
2077:
1851:
1456:
1341:
300:
219:
1679:
2050:
1888:. The number of deaneries in the diocese of Liège was reduced to 13.
1317:
The principality ruled by the bishops of Liège was never part of the
1276:, who had been the bishop since 972, received secular control of the
1234:
2989:
2984:
2671:
2642:
2569:
2541:
2219:
Speaking in Other Voices: An
Ethnography of Walloon Puppet Theaters
2073:
2033:
The building of Saint Martin began 965 under the reign of
Heraclius
1945:
The prince-bishopric was dissolved in 1795, when it was annexed by
1896:
1828:, marking the ending of democratic ascendancy in the principality.
1780:
Prince-Bishop Johann
Theodor of Bavaria at a court concert at Liège
1749:
1697:
1441:
1437:
1373:
1299:, and some exclaves in other parts of Belgium and the Netherlands.
616:
283:
2533:
1291:. Its territory included most of the present Belgian provinces of
1265:
205:
3007:
2994:
1580:
1537:
1517:
1509:
1449:
1417:
1405:
1353:
1311:
1242:
620:
529:
521:
2146:
of Liège stands as a symbol for the city rights acquired by the
1907:
prompted
Spanish intervention foiling a Dutch invasion in 1595.
1800:, in 1384, the Low Countries began their unification within the
1445:
1257:. The Prince-Bishopric of Liège should not be confused with the
2335:
1946:
1821:
1804:. Though the principality was still nominally independent, the
1700:
of the people of Liège. During the 12th century, the cathedral
1533:
1393:
1389:
1369:
1337:
678:
612:
525:
1969:
2844:
2130:
The Prince-Bishopric enclaved in the Low Countries, 1556–1648
1693:
1620:
1433:
1385:
215:
2352:
Map of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège in 1789 (Southern part)
2347:
Map of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège in 1789 (Northern part)
2781:
2614:
2610:
1659:
1584:
1572:
3153:
18th-century disestablishments in the Southern Netherlands
1547:
in 1096 (ceded to France in 1678), the acquisition of the
1816:. The population resisted Burgundian rule leading to the
1413:
1949:. Its territory was divided amongst the départements of
1808:
have had an increasing influence on its government.
1771:
2095:
and the palace of the Prince-Bishops (18th century)
1241:that was situated for the most part in present-day
2318:Article Liège of the Catholic Encyclopedia (1910)
2304:. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 61.
1895:, a military corridor between Spanish-controlled
3129:
1287:From 1500, the prince-bishopric belonged to the
116:
3148:1795 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
3158:States and territories established in the 980s
2323:Diocese of Liège at www.catholic-hierarchy.org
2275:"Chapter II: Habsburg Rule in the Netherlands"
1992:(1571–1656), canon lawyer and political writer
1864:, 12 May 1559), created new bishoprics in the
1253:, as its prince, had a seat and a vote in the
3183:States and territories disestablished in 1795
2372:
2222:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 14–17.
1203:
100:
3143:980s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1880:, or were added to the existing dioceses of
1740:, encouraged the observance of the feast of
1674:was marked by the preaching of the reformer
1632:
1482:
1473:
1358:
1346:
326:
70:
40:
2181:List of bishops and prince-bishops of Liège
1856:
1497:
85:
55:
2379:
2365:
1210:
1196:
179:The Prince-Bishopric of Liège around 1350.
173:
2269:
1688:was elected Bishop of Liège in 1191, but
27:State of the Holy Roman Empire (980–1795)
2472:
1940:César-Constantin-François de Hoensbroeck
1783:
1775:
1619:and finally retired at the monastery of
1486:
1630:(1075–1091) a tribunal was instituted (
14:
3130:
2299:
1930:began to be received at Liège; Bishop
1469:States-General of the United Provinces
1463:of the prince-bishop of Liège and the
2360:
2215:
1756:, signed in 1316 during the reign of
1599:with a number of important doctors —
1528:. This situation continued until the
1491:This map shows the pre-1559 medieval
2191:Baroque in Prince-Bishopric of Liège
1678:, who is credited with founding the
1503:and probably had similar boundaries.
24:
3163:Former states in the Low Countries
1788:The Archiepiscopal Palace at Liège
1748:and deposed the unworthy Henry of
1650:. He remained faithful to emperor
1495:(in green) which evolved from the
1302:It briefly became a republic (the
57:Principatus episcopalis Leodiensis
25:
3194:
2328:
1983:
1824:in 1466, and of Liège in 1468 by
1814:Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy
1772:Burgundian and Habsburg influence
1670:visited Liège. The episcopate of
1638:) to prevent war and enforce the
1308:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
586:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
449:accepts dissolution of Bishopric
3168:Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
2395:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
2388:
2334:
2155:
2135:
2123:
2100:
2085:
2065:
2038:
2026:
2011:
1595:. The diocese also supplied the
1364:) of the bishopric were: Liège,
1289:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
1272:between 980 and 985 when Bishop
1179:
565:
501:
487:
158:
146:
2162:Coin perhaps from the reign of
2055:The Morgan Library & Museum
367:• Secular powers obtained
2293:
2263:
2254:
2243:
2209:
1768:was annexed to the bishopric.
1356:). The most important cities (
329:François-Antoine-Marie de Méan
13:
1:
2311:
2112:
1344:, and twenty-eight councils,
292:• approximately 670–700
2281:. Cambridge University Press
1321:or the Spanish and Austrian
7:
3178:Former monarchies of Europe
2174:
1964:
1920:Maximilian Henry of Bavaria
1834:completed the union of the
1235:ecclesiastical principality
357:• Creation of diocese
10:
3199:
2840:Blankenheim and Gerolstein
1996:
3138:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
3049:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
3016:
2965:
2911:
2827:
2622:
2609:
2532:
2484:
2470:
2405:
2341:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
2300:Parker, Geoffrey (1972).
2164:Johann Theodor of Bavaria
2003:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
1990:Jean de Chokier de Surlet
1483:Medieval prince-bishopric
1268:acquired their status as
1224:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
709:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
517:
462:
458:
443:
430:
417:
404:
391:
375:
365:
355:
351:
341:
337:
320:
307:
290:
273:
269:
259:
251:
241:
211:
201:
184:
172:
142:
133:
34:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
32:
18:Prince-bishopric of Liège
2203:
1617:church of St Bartholomew
1601:William of Saint-Thierry
1340:were grouped into eight
3084:Unencircled territories
2093:St. Lambert's Cathedral
1668:St Bernard of Clairvaux
1516:, which lay within the
983:20th and 21st centuries
2478:
2150:from the prince-bishop
1857:
1802:Burgundian Netherlands
1789:
1781:
1633:
1556:
1504:
1498:
1474:
1359:
1347:
327:
117:
101:
86:
71:
56:
41:
2476:
1924:archbishop of Cologne
1820:, the destruction of
1787:
1779:
1758:Adolph II de la Marck
1490:
1228:Principality of Liège
497:French First Republic
316:(first prince-bishop)
255:Elective principality
212:Common languages
2343:at Wikimedia Commons
2216:Gross, Joan (2001).
1844:Protestant reformers
1656:Alexander of Juliers
1648:Lordship of Bouillon
1609:Godfrey of Fontaines
1545:lordship of Bouillon
1323:Southern Netherlands
1064:Reign of Leopold III
835:Southern Netherlands
792:Northern Renaissance
72:Principauté de Liège
3110: /
3063:Circles est. 1512:
3035:Circles est. 1500:
2397:(1500–1806) of the
1901:Spanish Netherlands
1836:Seventeen Provinces
1698:political franchise
1672:Raoul of Zachringen
1634:tribunal de la paix
1597:University of Paris
1577:Athens of the North
1319:Seventeen Provinces
944:Reign of Leopold II
813:Seventeen Provinces
102:Principåté d' Lidje
42:Fürstbistum Lüttich
3173:980 establishments
3031:
3024:
3020:
2777:Salm-Reifferscheid
2479:
2279:History of Holland
1792:Upon the death of
1790:
1782:
1730:Hugh of Saint-Cher
1559:) in 1366 and the
1512:lordship over the
1505:
1461:joint jurisdiction
1336:In 1559 its 1,636
1186:Belgium portal
1173: •
1169: •
1165: •
1137:Reign of Albert II
923:Reign of Leopold I
913:Belgian Revolution
855:Brabant Revolution
736:Franco-Flemish War
282:(first bishop, at
3093:
3092:
3077:Electoral Rhenish
3033:status uncertain
3004:
2961:
2960:
2904:
2820:
2753:
2738:
2715:
2707:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2639:
2596:Nassau-Dillenburg
2582:
2574:
2465:
2457:
2419:
2399:Holy Roman Empire
2339:Media related to
2271:Edmundson, George
2229:978-9-0272-5110-7
2109:Érard de La Marck
2049:is an example of
2047:Stavelot Triptych
2018:The martyrdom of
1840:Érard de La Marck
1806:Dukes of Burgundy
1798:count of Flanders
1752:(1247–1274). The
1734:Blessed Sacrament
1718:Blessed Sacrament
1686:Albert of Louvain
1530:French Revolution
1526:Holy Roman Empire
1499:Civitas Tungrorum
1327:dukes of Burgundy
1304:Republic of Liège
1239:Holy Roman Empire
1220:
1219:
1155:
1154:
1147:Reign of Philippe
1127:Reign of Baudouin
1096:German occupation
1044:German occupation
1001:Reign of Albert I
974:
973:
884:
883:
796:15th–16th century
775:
774:
717:
716:
670:Early Middle Ages
660:
659:
642:Ambiorix's revolt
594:
593:
539:
538:
513:
512:
509:
508:
483:Republic of Liège
454:10 September 1801
434:Annexed by France
377:• Purchased
322:• 1792–1794
196:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
3190:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3114:50.667°N 5.500°E
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3032:
3026:without seat in
3025:
3021:
3002:
2902:
2870:Kerpen-Lommersum
2818:
2751:
2736:
2713:
2705:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2637:
2620:
2619:
2580:
2572:
2514:Stavelot–Malmedy
2463:
2455:
2417:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2338:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2213:
2199:
2186:Liège Revolution
2159:
2139:
2127:
2117:
2114:
2104:
2089:
2069:
2042:
2030:
2015:
1951:Meuse-Inférieure
1936:Liège Revolution
1905:Eighty Years War
1874:'s-Hertogenbosch
1862:
1826:Charles the Bold
1810:Louis of Bourbon
1690:Emperor Henry VI
1676:Lambert le Bègue
1658:(1128–1134) the
1636:
1626:In the reign of
1501:
1493:Diocese of Liège
1477:
1362:
1350:
1259:Diocese of Liège
1212:
1205:
1198:
1184:
1183:
1182:
987:
986:
966:Congo Free State
934:Treaty of London
899:
898:
866:Liège Revolution
788:
787:
732:
731:
675:
674:
609:
608:
582:
581:
569:
559:
541:
540:
505:
504:
491:
490:
479:
478:
464:
463:
421:Liège Revolution
406:• Acquired
332:
309:• 972–1008
275:• 340s–384
177:
162:
150:
128:
120:
118:Prinsbisdom Luuk
112:
104:
97:
89:
87:Prinsbisdom Luik
82:
74:
67:
59:
52:
44:
30:
29:
21:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3128:
3127:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3012:
2957:
2913:
2907:
2823:
2605:
2528:
2480:
2468:
2401:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2331:
2314:
2309:
2298:
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2284:
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2268:
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2259:
2255:
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2193:
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2172:
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2170:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2140:
2131:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2096:
2090:
2081:
2070:
2061:
2043:
2034:
2031:
2022:
2016:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1967:
1959:Sambre-et-Meuse
1774:
1714:Cornillon Abbey
1628:Henry of Verdun
1605:Gerard of Liège
1561:county of Horne
1485:
1465:duke of Brabant
1459:fell under the
1398:Fosses-la-Ville
1282:Emperor Otto II
1274:Notker of Liège
1264:The bishops of
1251:bishop of Liège
1247:Imperial Estate
1216:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1157:
1156:
984:
976:
975:
896:
886:
885:
785:
777:
776:
746:Burgundian rule
729:
719:
718:
672:
662:
661:
606:
596:
595:
579:
557:
550:
532:
528:
524:
502:
488:
453:
450:
436:
423:
410:
408:County of Horne
397:
393:• Annexed
386:
383:
380:
368:
358:
323:
310:
293:
280:Saint Servatius
276:
180:
168:
167:
166:
163:
155:
154:
151:
137:
135:
129:
122:
115:
106:
91:
76:
61:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3060:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
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2945:
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2923:
2917:
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2909:
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2905:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2558:
2553:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Kornelimünster
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2411:
2409:
2407:Prince-bishops
2403:
2402:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2330:
2329:External links
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2292:
2262:
2260:Vote number 47
2253:
2242:
2228:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2169:
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2141:
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2106:
2099:
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2084:
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2071:
2064:
2062:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1984:Notable people
1982:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1928:encyclopedists
1859:Super Universi
1773:
1770:
1766:county of Loon
1754:Peace of Fexhe
1742:Corpus Christi
1613:Alger of Liège
1569:All Souls' Day
1549:county of Loon
1484:
1481:
1342:archdeaconries
1329:and later the
1270:prince-bishops
1232:Roman Catholic
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1171:Jewish history
1159:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:Royal Question
1113:
1112:
1109:
1105: •
1102:
1101:
1098:
1094: •
1091:
1090:
1087:
1083: •
1080:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1042: •
1039:
1038:
1035:
1031: •
1028:
1027:
1024:
1020: •
1017:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
972:
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968:
964: •
961:
960:
957:
953: •
950:
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932: •
929:
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868:
864: •
861:
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850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
837:
833: •
830:
829:
826:
822: •
819:
818:
815:
811: •
808:
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798:
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786:
783:
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779:
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773:
772:
769:
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762:
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755: •
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748:
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695:
694:
691:
685:
684:
681:
673:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
657:
656:51 BC–c.500 AD
654:
648:
647:
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640: •
637:
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633:
627:
626:
623:
607:
602:
601:
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580:
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562:
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519:
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493:
492:
485:
476:
473:
472:
467:
460:
459:
456:
455:
451:
444:
441:
440:
437:
431:
428:
427:
424:
418:
415:
414:
411:
405:
402:
401:
398:
395:County of Loon
392:
389:
388:
384:
376:
373:
372:
369:
366:
363:
362:
359:
356:
353:
352:
349:
348:
343:
342:Historical era
339:
338:
335:
334:
324:
321:
318:
317:
311:
308:
305:
304:
294:
291:
288:
287:
277:
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267:
266:
263:
257:
256:
253:
249:
248:
246:Roman Catholic
243:
239:
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213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
186:
182:
181:
178:
170:
169:
164:
157:
156:
152:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
131:
130:
114:
113:
98:
83:
68:
53:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3195:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3119:50.667; 5.500
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:(Lower) Saxon
3054:
3050:
3046:
3045:Upper Rhenish
3042:
3038:
3029:
3028:Imperial Diet
3015:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
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2968:
2964:
2954:
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2919:
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2800:
2798:
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2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2709:
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2701:
2699:
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2678:
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2599:
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2592:
2589:
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2584:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2486:Prince-abbots
2483:
2475:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2303:
2296:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2059:New York City
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2020:Saint Lambert
2014:
2009:
2008:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1866:Low Countries
1863:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:Louis of Male
1786:
1778:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:Saint Juliana
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:county of Huy
1511:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:ancien régime
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:bonnes villes
1355:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:County of Huy
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:Imperial Diet
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1054:Ruanda-Urundi
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
992:
991:Belgian Congo
989:
988:
980:
979:
969:
967:
963:
962:
958:
956:
952:
951:
947:
945:
942:
941:
937:
935:
931:
930:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
914:
911:
910:
906:
904:
901:
900:
895:
890:
889:
879:
877:
874:
873:
869:
867:
863:
862:
858:
856:
852:
851:
847:
845:
844:Austrian rule
842:
841:
838:
836:
832:
831:
827:
825:
821:
820:
816:
814:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
790:
789:
781:
780:
770:
768:
767:Habsburg rule
765:
764:
760:
758:
757:Wars of Liège
754:
753:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
737:
734:
733:
728:
723:
722:
712:
710:
707:
706:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
680:
677:
676:
671:
666:
665:
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653:
650:
649:
645:
643:
639:
638:
634:
632:
629:
628:
624:
622:
618:
614:
611:
610:
605:
600:
599:
589:
587:
584:
583:
578:
573:
572:
568:
564:
563:
560:
554:
553:
548:
543:
542:
535:
531:
527:
523:
520:
518:Today part of
516:
500:
498:
495:
494:
486:
484:
481:
480:
477:
475:
474:
471:
468:
466:
465:
461:
457:
452:
448:
442:
438:
435:
429:
425:
422:
416:
412:
409:
403:
399:
396:
390:
385:
382:
374:
370:
364:
360:
354:
350:
347:
344:
340:
336:
331:
330:
325:
319:
315:
312:
306:
302:
298:
297:Saint Lambert
295:
289:
285:
281:
278:
272:
268:
264:
262:
261:Prince-Bishop
258:
254:
250:
247:
244:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
176:
171:
161:
149:
141:
132:
126:
119:
110:
103:
99:
95:
88:
84:
80:
73:
69:
65:
58:
54:
50:
43:
39:
38:
31:
19:
3095:
3048:
3034:
3003:(until 1648)
2903:(until 1548)
2819:(until 1548)
2767:Reichenstein
2752:(until 1548)
2737:(until 1664)
2714:(until 1541)
2706:(until 1546)
2703:Manderscheid
2683:(until 1614)
2675:(until 1548)
2667:(until 1548)
2659:(until 1667)
2651:(until 1548)
2638:(until 1719)
2581:(until 1548)
2573:(until 1548)
2464:(until 1648)
2456:(until 1548)
2427:
2418:(until 1678)
2301:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2278:
2265:
2256:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2218:
2211:
2143:
2107:Portrait of
1944:
1909:
1893:Spanish Road
1890:
1855:
1830:
1791:
1706:
1684:
1640:Peace of God
1631:
1625:
1576:
1565:
1542:
1506:
1496:
1472:
1455:The city of
1454:
1426:Sint-Truiden
1410:Herk-de-Stad
1357:
1345:
1335:
1316:
1301:
1286:
1263:
1245:. It was an
1227:
1223:
1221:
1074:World War II
894:19th century
824:Dutch Revolt
802:Spanish rule
784:Early Modern
708:
699:Carolingians
689:Merovingians
590:4300–2200 BC
470:Succeeded by
469:
189:Ecclesiastic
165:Coat of arms
3117: /
3073:Upper Saxon
3022:until 1648
2948:Spiegelberg
2921:Delmenhorst
2792:Tecklenburg
2656:East Frisia
2556:East Frisia
2235:13 November
2194: [
2166:, 1744–1763
2116: 1528
1932:de Velbrück
1712:— a nun of
1593:Nicholas II
1467:(later the
1348:chrétientés
1011:World War I
876:French rule
727:Middle Ages
631:Gallic Wars
556:History of
534:Netherlands
381:of Bouillon
346:Middle Ages
222:, becoming
3132:Categories
3069:Burgundian
3053:Franconian
3018:from 1648
2931:Schaumburg
2875:Myllendonk
2860:Hallermund
2787:Schaumburg
2762:Ravensberg
2749:Overijssel
2734:Dillenburg
2635:Bronkhorst
2312:References
2078:archdeacon
1818:Liège Wars
1728:in Liège,
1726:Dominicans
1589:Stephen IX
1457:Maastricht
1033:Atrocities
955:School War
903:Dutch rule
652:Roman rule
577:Prehistory
301:Maastricht
252:Government
220:Old French
125:Limburgish
2953:Steinfurt
2914:uncertain
2885:Schleiden
2865:Holzappel
2855:Gronsfeld
2828:From 1792
2811:Beilstein
2807:Winneburg
2797:Virneburg
2744:Oldenburg
2664:Groningen
2623:From 1500
2578:Luxemburg
2448:Paderborn
2443:Osnabrück
2051:Mosan art
1918:to which
1832:Charles V
1746:Gregory X
1563:in 1568.
1520:. Bishop
1354:deaneries
1331:Habsburgs
1249:, so the
1141:1993–2013
1107:Holocaust
970:1885–1908
948:1865–1909
880:1793–1815
828:1568–1648
806:1556–1714
771:1482–1556
750:1384–1482
740:1297–1305
447:Concordat
426:1789–1791
242:Religion
138:1793–1795
136:1791–1792
3065:Austrian
3037:Bavarian
2990:Duisburg
2985:Dortmund
2926:Fagnolle
2890:Wickrath
2880:Reckheim
2772:Rietberg
2672:Guelders
2643:Diepholz
2630:Bentheim
2570:Guelders
2542:Arenberg
2273:(1922).
2175:See also
2148:burghers
2080:of Liège
2074:Urban IV
1965:Timeline
1916:Grignoux
1914:and the
1899:and the
1897:Lombardy
1882:Mechelen
1870:Roermond
1750:Gueldres
1738:Urban IV
1680:Béguines
1652:Henry IV
1442:Verviers
1438:Tongeren
1382:Châtelet
1374:Borgloon
1366:Beringen
1338:parishes
1167:Military
1163:Timeline
1085:Invasion
1022:Invasion
713:980–1789
646:54–53 BC
635:58–50 BC
617:Eburones
547:a series
545:Part of
379:Lordship
284:Tongeren
224:Francien
134:980–1789
3102:50°40′N
3082:
3041:Swabian
3008:Warburg
2995:Herford
2980:Cologne
2900:Utrecht
2850:Gimborn
2816:Zutphen
2757:Pyrmont
2729:Hadamar
2648:Drenthe
2534:Secular
2504:Herford
2453:Utrecht
2438:Münster
2415:Cambrai
1997:Gallery
1912:Chiroux
1886:Antwerp
1848:Paul IV
1724:of the
1702:chapter
1664:emperor
1581:Wolbodo
1538:Germany
1518:diocese
1510:secular
1450:Waremme
1430:Stokkem
1418:Maaseik
1406:Hasselt
1312:Belgium
1297:Limburg
1243:Belgium
1237:of the
1230:was an
1131:1951–93
1121:1944–50
1111:1941–44
1100:1940–44
1078:1940–45
1068:1934–51
1058:1922–62
1048:1914–18
1015:1914–18
1005:1909–34
995:1908–60
959:1879–84
927:1831–65
917:1830–31
907:1815–30
870:1789–91
859:1789–90
848:1714–93
817:1549–81
761:1465–68
703:751–987
693:481–751
621:Treveri
604:Ancient
558:Belgium
530:Germany
522:Belgium
445:•
432:•
419:•
232:Walloon
202:Capital
194:of the
109:Walloon
3105:5°30′E
3079:
3000:Verden
2975:Aachen
2967:Cities
2912:Status
2895:Wittem
2835:Anholt
2719:Nassau
2693:Lingen
2611:Counts
2601:Verden
2586:Minden
2561:Jülich
2547:Cleves
2524:Werden
2494:Corvey
2461:Verden
2433:Minden
2423:Corvey
2285:9 June
2226:
2144:perron
1957:, and
1955:Ourthe
1947:France
1876:, and
1822:Dinant
1662:, the
1644:Otbert
1553:French
1534:France
1522:Notger
1402:Hamont
1394:Dinant
1390:Couvin
1370:Bilzen
683:
679:Franks
625:~51 BC
619:&
613:Belgae
549:on the
526:France
333:(last)
314:Notger
265:
236:German
228:French
185:Status
121:
105:
90:
79:French
75:
60:
49:German
45:
2941:Lippe
2936:Hesse
2845:Gemen
2711:Moers
2698:Lippe
2680:Horne
2615:Lords
2591:Moers
2549:with
2519:Thorn
2499:Essen
2428:Liège
2204:Notes
2198:]
2072:Pope
1878:Namur
1850:, by
1762:Horne
1722:prior
1694:Reims
1621:Cluny
1434:Thuin
1386:Ciney
1293:Liège
1280:from
1266:Liège
1151:2013~
216:Latin
206:Liège
192:state
94:Dutch
64:Latin
2809:and
2802:Wied
2782:Sayn
2724:Diez
2688:Hoya
2565:Berg
2551:Mark
2287:2007
2237:2017
2224:ISBN
2142:The
2045:The
1884:and
1852:Bull
1666:and
1660:pope
1607:and
1591:and
1585:Wazo
1573:Wazo
1557:Looz
1536:and
1448:and
1446:Visé
1422:Peer
1378:Bree
1295:and
1222:The
1175:LGBT
1089:1940
1037:1914
1026:1914
938:1839
439:1795
413:1568
400:1366
387:1096
361:340s
299:(at
234:and
218:and
153:Flag
1414:Huy
1226:or
371:980
230:),
3134::
3075:,
3071:,
3067:,
3055:,
3051:,
3047:,
3043:,
3039:,
2613:/
2277:.
2196:nl
2113:c.
2076:,
2057:,
2053:,
1961:.
1953:,
1872:,
1796:,
1682:.
1642:.
1623:.
1611:.
1603:,
1555::
1540:.
1479:.
1452:.
1444:,
1440:,
1436:,
1432:,
1428:,
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1412:,
1408:,
1404:,
1400:,
1396:,
1392:,
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1384:,
1380:,
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1314:.
1284:.
615:,
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2118:)
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1922:(
1854:(
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1352:(
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66:)
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