20:
2028:
1239:
2039:
251:, particularly as the sole actor in the field of politics. Some of the questions central to the discussion of the political globalization are related to the future of the nation-state, whether its importance is diminishing and what are the causes for those changes; and understanding the emergence of the concept of
239:, political globalization has several dimensions and lends itself to a number of interpretations. It has been discussed in the context of new emancipatory possibilities, as well as in the context of loss of autonomy and fragmentation of the social world. Political globalization can be seen in changes such as
285:
There is a heated debate over
Political Globalization and Nation State. The question arises whether or not political globalization signifies the decline of the nation-state. Hyper globalists argue that globalization has engulfed today's world in such a way that state boundaries are beginning to lose
380:
The long cycle system is repetitive, but also evolutionary. According to
Modelski, it originated in about 1493 through a) the decline of Venetian naval power, b) Chinese abandonment of naval exploration, and c) discovery of sea routes to India and the Americas. It has developed in parallel with the
204:
Political globalization is measured by aggregating and weighting data on the number of embassies and high commissioners in a country, the number of the country's membership in international organization, its participation in the UN peacekeeping missions, and the number of international treaties
354:
1, Global war, which a) involves almost all global powers, b) is 'characteristically naval' c) is caused by a system breakdown, d) is extremely lethal, e) results in a new global leader, capable of tackling global problems. The war is a 'decision process' analogous to a national election. The
376:
The hegemonic nations tend to have: 'insular geography'; a stable, open society; a strong economy; strategic organisation, and strong political parties. By contrast, the 'challenger' nations have: closed systems; absolute rulers; domestic instability; and continental geographic locations.
301:
George
Modelski defines global order as a 'management network centred on a lead unit and contenders for leadership, (pursuing) collective action at the global level'. The system is allegedly cyclical. Each cycle is about 100 years' duration and a new hegemonic power appears each time:
96:
has defined it as "the expansion of a global political system, and its institutions, in which inter-regional transactions (including, but certainly not limited to trade) are managed". Valentine M. Moghadam defined it as "an increasing trend toward
456:
Goldstein suggests that US hegemony may 'at an indeterminate time' be challenged and ended by China (the 'best fit'), by western Europe, Japan, or (writing in 1988) the USSR. The situation is unstable due to the continuance of
362:
2, World power, which lasts for 'about one generation'. The new incumbent power 'prioritises global problems', mobilises a coalition, is decisive and innovative. Pre-modern communities become dependent on the hegemonic power
385:. Modelski speculates that US deconcentration might be replaced by a power based in the 'Pacific rim' or by an explicit coalition of nations, as 'co-operation is urgently required in respect of nuclear weapons'.
173:
defines political globalization as "the creation of a system of global governance that regulates relationships among nations and guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization."
381:
growth of the nation-state, political parties, command of the sea, and 'dependency of pre-modern communities'. The system is flawed, lacking in coherence, solidarity, and capacity to address the
259:
has been called one of the classic examples of political globalization. Political actions by non-governmental organizations and social movements, concerned about various topics such as
373:
order of warring rivals. Pre-modern communities become less dependent. A challenger appears (successively, Spain, France, France, Germany, and the USSR) and a new global war ensues.
476:
162:
464:
and the deployment of nuclear weapons. The choice lies between 'global cooperation or global suicide'. Thus there may be 'an end to hegemony itself'.
935:
286:
significance. However, skeptics disregard this as naiveté, believing that the nation-state remains the supreme actor in international relations.
221:
150:
214:
210:
190:
77:
Political globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the two other being
113:
in turn wrote that it "refers to the intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the globe". The longer definition by
59:
134:
106:
366:
3, Delegitimation. This phase can last for 20–27 years; the hegemonic power falters, as rival powers assert new nationalistic policies.
1118:
Book reviews : Modelski, G. 1987: Long cycles in world politics. London: Macmillan. 244 pp. – Peter J. Taylor, 1989 (sagepub.com)
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533:
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1426:
431:
Great
Britain, 1815-1945; ended by Germany's challenge in two World Wars, and the postwar settlement, including the
1667:
403:
Goldstein in 1988 posited a 'hegemony cycle' of 150 years' duration, the four hegemonic powers since 1494 being;
319:
51:
1602:
421:
the
Netherlands, 1648-1815; ended by the challenge from France of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, the
382:
729:
Salvatore
Babones (15 April 2008). "Studying Globalization: Methodological Issues". In George Ritzer (ed.).
105:
plays a key role), to an emerging 'transnational state apparatus,' and toward the emergence of national and
1303:
138:
63:
951:
1721:
1293:
1268:
1205:
1175:
Ougaard, M. 2004. Political
Globalization: State, Power, and Social Forces. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
458:
236:
126:
1746:
1595:
47:
24:
1091:
George
Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, chapters 6, 7, 8; p153
1073:
George
Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p90, p220-5, chapter 7
1441:
1404:
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388:
Modelski 'dismisses the idea that international relations are anarchic'. His research, influenced by
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1283:
1242:
260:
130:
810:
Gerard
Delanty; Chris Rumford (15 April 2008). "Political Globalization". In George Ritzer (ed.).
677:
Gerard Delanty; Chris Rumford (15 April 2008). "Political Globalization". In George Ritzer (ed.).
185:
discussing sources used by scholars for studying political globalizations noted the usefulness of
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define it as "a tension between three processes which interact to produce the complex field of
82:
78:
1109:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p41-3, p230-33
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646:
521:
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George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p119-20, p207
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878:
757:
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550:
467:
Goldstein speculates that Venetian hegemony, ceded to Spain in 1494, may have begun in 1350
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1971:
1876:
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George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p14, 83, 93
415:
389:
166:
142:
109:
that act as watchdogs over governments and have increased their activities and influence".
66:. One of the key aspects of the political globalization is the declining importance of the
55:
1082:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p41-3, p95
8:
1508:
1498:
1493:
1476:
1367:
1350:
1263:
1055:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p40, p119
1046:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, chapter 8
491:
117:
goes as follows: "Political globalization refers to the growing power of institutions of
93:
1751:
141:
and transnational advocacy networks operating across borders and constituting a kind of
1816:
1642:
1590:
1553:
1298:
578:
70:
and the rise of other actors on the political scene. The creation and existence of the
31:. The UN is one of the key organizations in the process of the political globalization.
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2004:
1871:
1756:
1637:
1543:
1409:
1315:
1127:
JS Goldstein, 'Long Cycles; Prosperity and War in the Modern Age, 1988, available at
1010:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p36-7
1001:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p43-6
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915:
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882:
871:
849:
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4, Deconcentration. The hegemony's problem-solving capacity declines. It yields to a
334:
252:
182:
118:
110:
1100:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p201
1028:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p157
992:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p101
1911:
1891:
1806:
1731:
1560:
1431:
1330:
1019:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p45
983:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p40
548:
501:
411:
356:
309:
270:
269:
has proposed that continuing political globalization may lead to the creation of a
39:
971:
George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p8
2043:
1994:
1926:
1901:
1866:
1781:
1652:
1570:
1488:
1397:
1325:
1278:
811:
730:
678:
486:
426:
393:
295:
240:
154:
98:
1896:
1761:
1736:
1607:
1453:
1392:
1247:
461:
444:
324:
256:
217:
146:
102:
71:
2058:
2009:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1931:
1841:
1811:
1771:
1679:
1446:
1320:
1221:
1151:
1139:
1128:
481:
341:
244:
19:
549:
George Modelski; Tessaleno Devezas; William R. Thompson (20 December 2007).
1989:
1916:
1886:
1831:
1741:
1513:
704:
248:
114:
67:
1999:
1881:
1836:
1826:
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1716:
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315:
206:
158:
189:
for data on diplomatic relationships between countries, publications of
1941:
1936:
1801:
1726:
1585:
1503:
1483:
937:
Contemporary Debate on Political Globalization and Nation StateYeg=PA68
432:
266:
225:
122:
43:
1612:
1436:
1335:
328:
1185:
305:
74:
is called one of the classic examples of political globalization.
277:, though this vision has also been criticized as too idealistic.
1190:
2038:
647:"Democracy and Capitalism in the Wake of the Financial Crisis"
552:
Globalization as Evolutionary Process: Modeling Global Change
407:
979:
977:
171:
World Federalist Manifesto, Guide to Political Globalization
841:
809:
676:
448:
440:
280:
359:, though lasting and destructive, was not a 'global war'
974:
436:
133:(WTO). But it also refers to the spread and influence of
392:, was 'measured in decades... a major achievement' says
789:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 5–8.
197:
for matters of military, and US government publication
205:
signed by said country. This measure has been used by
575:
289:
651:
The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology
42:, both in size and complexity. That system includes
903:
870:
837:
835:
833:
613:
580:Globalizing Women: Transnational Feminist Networks
577:
542:
414:, in which Spain itself was the 'challenger'; the
901:
868:
782:
759:Religion and Political Change in the Modern World
728:
649:. In Edwin Amenta; Kate Nash; Alan Scott (eds.).
611:
519:
333:United Kingdom (2) 1792-1914; beginning with the
2056:
672:
670:
940:. International Affairs, UK. 2017. p. 68.
842:Annabelle Mooney; Betsy Evans (12 March 2007).
830:
607:
605:
522:"Studying Globalization: Methodological Issues"
803:
755:
54:as well as government-independent elements of
1206:
895:
862:
722:
667:
638:
513:
191:International Institute for Strategic Studies
644:
602:
135:international non-governmental organizations
60:international non-governmental organizations
776:
569:
107:international nongovernmental organizations
1213:
1199:
1152:http://www.joshuagoldstein.com/jgcyc15.pdf
1140:http://www.joshuagoldstein.com/jgcyc13.pdf
1129:http://www.joshuagoldstein.com/jgcyc15.pdf
786:Social Security and Economic Globalization
327:(1) 1688-1792; beginning with the wars of
247:, and moving beyond the centrality of the
749:
576:Valentine M. Moghadam (20 January 2005).
344:1914 to (predicted) 2030; beginning with
906:Globalization: A Very Short Introduction
873:Globalization: A Very Short Introduction
813:The Blackwell Companion to Globalization
732:The Blackwell Companion to Globalization
680:The Blackwell Companion to Globalization
620:. Oxford University Press, UK. pp.
616:Globalization: A Very Short Introduction
526:The Blackwell Companion to Globalization
418:and the beginnings of the nation-state.
281:Political Globalization and Nation State
18:
16:Growth of the worldwide political system
910:. Oxford University Press, UK. p.
877:. Oxford University Press, UK. p.
29:Civic Center, San Francisco, California
2057:
816:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 426.
735:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 152.
683:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 414.
653:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 487.
528:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 146.
398:
27:flying at United Nations Plaza in the
1194:
783:Paul J.J. Welfens (9 December 2013).
243:of the world, creation of the global
1576:New international division of labour
762:. Taylor & Francis. p. 64.
255:. The creation and existence of the
902:Manfred B. Steger (27 March 2003).
869:Manfred B. Steger (27 March 2003).
756:Jeffrey Haynes (7 September 2015).
612:Manfred B. Steger (27 March 2003).
520:Salvatore Babones (15 April 2008).
13:
1169:
294:
290:Cyclical theories of globalization
14:
2086:
1220:
1179:
709:www.worldfederalistmanifesto.com/
2037:
2027:
2026:
1237:
645:Colin Crouch (2 February 2012).
1238:
1157:
1145:
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1103:
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1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
965:
928:
845:Globalization: The Key Concepts
453:the United States, since 1945.
52:intergovernmental organizations
38:is the growth of the worldwide
697:
318:1580-1688; beginning with the
177:
88:
1:
507:
139:social movement organizations
64:social movement organizations
705:"World Federalist Manifesto"
351:Each cycle has four phases;
320:Eighty Years' War, 1579-1588
199:Patterns of Global Terrorism
7:
1294:Environmental globalization
1269:Anti-globalization movement
470:
127:International Monetary Fund
10:
2091:
1442:Offshore financial centres
1186:KOF Index of Globalization
848:. Routledge. p. 194.
524:. In George Ritzer (ed.).
410:, 1494-1648; ended by the
231:
220:and is available from the
201:for matters of terrorism.
25:Flag of the United Nations
2022:
1980:
1855:
1790:
1707:
1698:
1625:
1462:
1383:
1376:
1256:
1228:
555:. Routledge. p. 59.
497:Transnational citizenship
237:Like globalization itself
1284:Democratic globalization
425:and introduction of the
261:environmental protection
131:World Trade Organization
1566:Investor-state disputes
1519:Illicit financial flows
1363:Political globalization
1311:Global financial system
36:Political globalization
1907:Christopher Chase-Dunn
1675:Primitive accumulation
1358:Military globalization
1289:Economic globalization
1274:Cultural globalization
275:cosmopolitan democracy
263:, is another example.
187:Europa World Year Book
83:cultural globalization
79:economic globalization
32:
584:. JHU Press. p.
22:
1972:Immanuel Wallerstein
1633:Capital accumulation
1499:Endangered languages
1163:Goldstein 1988 p 285
416:Treaty of Westphalia
390:Immanuel Wallerstein
337:and Napoleonic wars
195:The Military Balance
167:polycentric networks
143:global civil society
56:global civil society
44:national governments
2044:Business portal
1603:Transnational crime
1509:Forced displacement
1494:Economic inequality
1368:Trade globalization
1264:Alter-globalization
492:Supranational union
477:Global citizenships
399:Joshua S. Goldstein
94:William R. Thompson
1817:Andre Gunder Frank
1591:Race to the bottom
1581:North–South divide
1299:Global citizenship
383:North-South divide
308:1492-1580; in the
33:
2052:
2051:
2018:
2017:
1877:K. Anthony Appiah
1872:Daniele Archibugi
1621:
1620:
1410:COVID-19 pandemic
1316:Global governance
947:978-0-19-153938-1
921:978-0-19-153938-1
888:978-0-19-153938-1
855:978-1-134-20472-4
823:978-0-470-76642-2
796:978-3-642-40880-9
769:978-1-317-69699-5
742:978-0-470-76642-2
690:978-0-470-76642-2
660:978-1-4443-5507-9
631:978-0-19-153938-1
595:978-0-8018-8024-7
562:978-1-135-97764-1
535:978-0-470-76642-2
335:French Revolution
253:global governance
183:Salvatore Babones
163:normative culture
119:global governance
111:Manfred B. Steger
2082:
2042:
2041:
2030:
2029:
1983:
1892:Jean Baudrillard
1860:
1807:Giovanni Arrighi
1795:
1752:Branko Milanović
1732:Jagdish Bhagwati
1710:
1705:
1704:
1596:pollution havens
1561:Invasive species
1465:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1331:Global workforce
1241:
1240:
1215:
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1201:
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950:. Archived from
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839:
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635:
619:
609:
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599:
583:
573:
567:
566:
546:
540:
539:
517:
502:Transnationalism
423:Treaty of Vienna
412:Thirty Years War
357:Thirty Years War
310:Age of Discovery
271:world government
40:political system
2090:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2075:Global politics
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2036:
2014:
1995:Thomas Friedman
1981:
1976:
1927:Anthony Giddens
1902:Manuel Castells
1867:Arjun Appadurai
1858:
1856:
1851:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1782:Joseph Stiglitz
1722:Richard Baldwin
1708:
1700:
1694:
1653:Fiscal localism
1617:
1571:McDonaldization
1489:Development aid
1463:
1458:
1427:Multilingualism
1422:Labor arbitrage
1398:Climate justice
1384:
1372:
1326:Global politics
1279:Deglobalization
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1224:
1219:
1182:
1172:
1170:Further reading
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518:
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510:
487:Global politics
473:
427:Congress System
401:
394:Peter J. Taylor
299:
296:George Modelski
292:
283:
241:democratization
234:
180:
155:global politics
99:multilateralism
91:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2078:
2077:
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1897:Zygmunt Bauman
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1804:
1798:
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1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:Thomas Piketty
1759:
1757:Kevin O'Rourke
1754:
1749:
1747:Michael Hudson
1744:
1739:
1737:Robert Brenner
1734:
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1608:Westernization
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1447:Tax inversions
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1434:
1429:
1424:
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508:References
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371:multipolar
267:David Held
226:ETH Zurich
123:World Bank
1967:John Urry
1859:sociology
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161:, global
157:: global
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