131:, and minority groups. This was the general direction of thinking on global politics, though the term was not used as such. The way in which modern world politics is implemented is structured by a set of interpretations dating back to the rise of the European powers. They were able to overtake the rest of the world in terms of economic and military power. Europeans, with their global supremacy, imposed their own system and views on others, through envisioning the world as a whole and defining the regions of the world as 'modern' or 'backward'. They saw nation statehood as the best and highest form of political organization, therefore viewing world politics as the result of the pursuit of hegemony by competing states.
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172:(military) security in the global arena; they are still the paramount loci for articulating the voices of (procedurally democratic) national communities, and for ordering their interactions with similar polities; and finally, they are indispensable to relations of (unequal) economic exchange insofar as they legitimize and enforce the global legal frameworks that enable globalization in the first place.
267:
The long cycle system is repetitive, but also evolutionary. According to
Modelski, it originated in about 1493 through a) the decline of Venetian naval power, b) Chinese abandonment of naval exploration, and c) discovery of sea routes to India and the Americas. It has developed in parallel with the
94:
It has been suggested that global politics may be best understood as an "imaginary" of a political space existing beyond the sub-national, national, and international. This imaginary structures global politics as both a field of study and a set of practices, and though it only rose to prominence in
241:
1, Global war, which a) involves almost all global powers, b) is 'characteristically naval' c) is caused by a system breakdown, d) is extremely lethal, e) results in a new global leader, capable of tackling global problems. The war is a 'decision process' analogous to a national election. The
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On the other hand, other commentators have been arguing that states have remained essential to global politics. They have facilitated globalizing processes and projects; not been eclipsed by them. They have been rejuvenated because, among other reasons, they are still the primary providers of
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The hegemonic nations tend to have: 'insular geography'; a stable, open society; a strong economy; strategic organisation, and strong political parties. By contrast, the 'challenger' nations have: closed systems; absolute rulers; domestic instability; and continental geographic locations.
188:
George
Modelski defines global order as a 'management network centred on a lead unit and contenders for leadership, (pursuing) collective action at the global level'. The system is allegedly cyclical. Each cycle is about 100 years' duration and a new hegemonic power appears each time:
158:
Cosmopolitanism can be defined as a global politics that, firstly, projects a sociality of common political engagement among all human beings across the globe, and, secondly, suggests that this sociality should be either ethically or organizationally privileged over other forms of
138:. Here, the authors argued that state-centric views of international relations were inadequate frameworks to utilize in political science or international relations studies due to the increased globalization. Today, the practices of global politics are defined by values: norms of
91:), as it "does not stress the primacy of intergovernmental relations and transactions". This distinction however has not always been held among authors and political scientists, who often use the term "international politics" to mean global politics.
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Goldstein suggests that US hegemony may 'at an indeterminate time' be challenged and ended by China (the 'best fit'), by western Europe, Japan, or (writing in 1988) the USSR. The situation is unstable due to the continuance of
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2, World power, which lasts for 'about one generation'. The new incumbent power 'prioritises global problems', mobilises a coalition, is decisive and innovative. Pre-modern communities become dependent on the hegemonic power
272:. Modelski speculates that US deconcentration might be replaced by a power based in the 'Pacific rim' or by an explicit coalition of nations, as 'co-operation is urgently required in respect of nuclear weapons'.
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growth of the nation-state, political parties, command of the sea, and 'dependency of pre-modern communities'. The system is flawed, lacking in coherence, solidarity, and capacity to address the
33:, names both the discipline that studies the political and economic patterns of the world and the field that is being studied. At the centre of that field are the different processes of
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order of warring rivals. Pre-modern communities become less dependent. A challenger appears (successively, Spain, France, France, Germany, and the USSR) and a new global war ensues.
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Beginning in the late nineteenth century, several groups extended the definition of the political community beyond nation-states to include much, if not all, of humanity. These
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about how we should relate to each. Over the last couple of decades cosmopolitanism has become one of the key contested ideologies of global politics:
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and the deployment of nuclear weapons. The choice lies between 'global cooperation or global suicide'. Thus there may be 'an end to hegemony itself'.
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3, Delegitimation. This phase can last for 20–27 years; the hegemonic power falters, as rival powers assert new nationalistic policies.
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Book reviews : Modelski, G. 1987: Long cycles in world politics. London: Macmillan. 244 pp. – Peter J. Taylor, 1989 (sagepub.com)
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led some writers to suggest that states were no longer relevant to global politics. This view has been subject to debate:
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of the environment. One important area of global politics is contestation in the global political sphere over legitimacy.
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Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, chapters 6, 7, 8; p153
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Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p90, p220-5, chapter 7
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Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics, University of Washington, 1987, p119-20, p207
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Making the World Global: U.S. Universities and the Production of the Global Imaginary
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4, Deconcentration. The hegemony's problem-solving capacity declines. It yields to a
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Globalization and Politics, Vol. 2: Global Social Movements and Global Civil Society
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Global Transformations: Politics, Economy and Culture
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654:. London: Sage Publications. p. xlii.
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214:(1) 1688-1792; beginning with the wars of
136:Transnational Relations and World Politics
37:in relation to questions of social power.
231:1914 to (predicted) 2030; beginning with
621:. London: Sage Publications. pp. x.
413:Evans, Graham; Newnham, Jeffrey (1998).
305:and the beginnings of the nation-state.
444:(3rd ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing.
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535:. London: Sage Publications.
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238:Each cycle has four phases;
207:Eighty Years' War, 1579-1588
107:through colonialism and the
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1402:Primitive accumulation
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1016:Economic globalization
1001:Cultural globalization
903:Global Power Barometer
459:Kamola, Isaac (2019).
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60:conflict regulation,
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1360:Capital accumulation
1226:Endangered languages
861:Goldstein 1988 p 285
303:Treaty of Westphalia
277:Immanuel Wallerstein
224:and Napoleonic wars
74:comparative politics
19:For other uses, see
1771:Business portal
1330:Transnational crime
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270:North-South divide
195:1492-1580; in the
115:Defining the field
66:self-determination
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1599:Daniele Archibugi
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1043:Global governance
474:978-1-478-00473-8
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421:. Penguin Books.
374:Global governance
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1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:Susan Strange
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
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1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:Robert W. Cox
1537:
1535:
1532:
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1500:
1499:Jeffrey Sachs
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1417:World-systems
1415:
1413:
1412:World history
1410:
1408:
1407:Social change
1405:
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1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
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1385:Modernization
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1048:Global health
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949:Globalization
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732:
723:
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659:
653:
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647:
646:Soguk, Nevzat
643:
637:
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619:
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599:, p. 31.
598:
593:
587:, p. 14.
586:
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389:World society
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346:Machiavellian
341:
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229:United States
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165:globalization
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70:globalization
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:nation-states
38:
36:
32:
28:
22:
1732:John R. Saul
1717:Noam Chomsky
1709:Non–academic
1649:Susan George
1644:Nancy Fraser
1614:Walden Bello
1559:David Harvey
1549:Stephen Gill
1469:Jayati Ghosh
1375:Earth system
1241:Human rights
1181:Water crisis
1078:early modern
1052:
889:
882:
875:
857:
845:
840:pages 281-89
833:
821:
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187:
170:
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157:
140:human rights
135:
133:
118:
101:Afro-Eurasia
93:
86:
39:
30:
26:
25:
1727:Naomi Klein
1609:Ulrich Beck
1584:Politics /
1574:Robert Wade
1564:Ronen Palan
1554:Peter Gowan
1504:Amartya Sen
1494:Dani Rodrik
1444:David Autor
1370:Development
1251:Imperialism
1199:Brain drain
642:James, Paul
613:James, Paul
573:Kamola 2019
527:James, Paul
233:World War I
203:Netherlands
142:, ideas of
109:Age of Sail
97:mappa mundi
1786:Categories
1669:Paul Hirst
1664:David Held
1529:Samir Amin
1519:Political
1454:Ravi Batra
1395:history of
1390:ecological
1365:Dependency
1313:Offshoring
1276:scientific
1266:linguistic
1231:Fair trade
1211:Care drain
1164:Tax havens
1159:Population
1068:History of
407:References
320:World Bank
258:multipolar
159:sociality.
80:, and the
1694:John Urry
1586:sociology
1436:Economics
1340:World war
1063:Globality
1031:education
293:Hapsburg
235:and two.
216:Louis XVI
129:feminists
62:democracy
1759:Category
1428:scholars
1353:Theories
1261:cultural
1256:academic
960:Journals
852:page 347
648:(2014).
615:(2014).
358:See also
193:Portugal
125:Marxists
123:include
105:Americas
103:and the
1521:economy
1426:Notable
1204:reverse
1132:Disease
1073:archaic
984:Aspects
975:Studies
970:Outline
1281:social
1112:Global
1104:Issues
471:
448:
425:
330:, the
58:ethnic
1271:media
1191:Other
483:Notes
295:Spain
469:ISBN
446:ISBN
423:ISBN
336:NATO
334:and
328:GATT
227:The
201:The
52:and
324:IMF
150:or
1788::
674:^
644:;
604:^
541:^
491:^
326:,
322:,
111:.
76:,
68:,
48:,
941:e
934:t
927:v
575:.
477:.
454:.
431:.
23:.
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