International relations

3049: 2685: 1777:, with no overarching power restricting the behaviour of sovereign states. As a consequence, states are engaged in a continuous power struggle, where they seek to augment their own military capabilities, economic power, and diplomacy relative to other states; this in order to ensure the protection of their political system, citizens, and vital interests. The realist framework further assumes that states act as unitary, rational actors, where central decision makers in the state apparatus ultimately stand for most of the state's foreign policy decisions. International organizations are in consequence merely seen as tools for individual states used to further their own interests, and are thought to have little power in shaping states' foreign policies on their own. 2323:

focus of IR on states, wars, diplomacy and security, but feminist IR scholars have also emphasized the importance of looking at how gender shapes the current global political economy. In this sense, there is no clear cut division between feminists working in IR and those working in the area of International Political Economy (IPE). From its inception, feminist IR has also theorized extensively about men and, in particular, masculinities. Many IR feminists argue that the discipline is inherently masculine in nature. For example, in her article "Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals" Signs (1988), Carol Cohn claimed that a highly masculinized culture within the defense establishment contributed to the divorcing of war from human emotion.

1834:. To improve society, it is first necessary to understand the laws by which society lives. The operation of these laws being impervious to our preferences, persons will challenge them only at the risk of failure. Realism, believing as it does in the objectivity of the laws of politics, must also believe in the possibility of developing a rational theory that reflects, however imperfectly and one-sidedly, these objective laws. It believes also, then, in the possibility of distinguishing in politics between truth and opinion—between what is true objectively and rationally, supported by evidence and illuminated by reason, and what is only a subjective judgment, divorced from the facts as they are and informed by prejudice and wishful thinking. 2153:

theoretical insights to how the conflict between the nations was conducted during the Cold War. E.g., prominent US policy makers frequently spoke of the USSR as an 'evil empire', and thus socialised the US population and state apparatus into an anti-communist sentiment, which defined the norms conducted in US foreign policy. Other constructivist analyses include the discourses on European integration; senior policy-making circles were socialised into ideas of Europe as an historical and cultural community, and therefore sought to construct institutions to integrate European nations into a single political body. Constructivism is also present in the analysis of

2565: 2595:'s continued rapid economic growth—it became the world's second-largest economy in 2010—respectable international position, and the power the Chinese government exerts over its people (consisting of the second largest population in the world), resulted in debate over whether China is now a superpower or a possible candidate in the future. However, China's strategic force unable of projecting power beyond its region and its nuclear arsenal of 250 warheads (compared to 7,315+ of the United States) mean that the unipolarity will persist in the policy-relevant future. 3309: 1329: 2890: 40: 3524: 6333: 2308:, which argue that developed countries, in their pursuit of power, appropriate developing states through international banking, security and trade agreements and unions on a formal level, and do so through the interaction of political and financial advisors, missionaries, relief aid workers, and MNCs on the informal level, in order to integrate them into the capitalist system, strategically appropriating undervalued natural resources and labor hours and fostering economic and political dependence. 60: 7026: 2217:

Post-structuralism has garnered both significant praise and criticism, with its critics arguing that post-structuralist research often fails to address the real-world problems that international relations studies is supposed to contribute to solving. Constructivist theory (see above) is the most prominent strand of post-structuralism. Other prominent post-structuralist theories are Marxism, dependency theory, feminism, and the theories of the English school. See also

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scholarship have sought to problematize the politics of knowledge construction within the discipline—often by adopting methodologies of deconstructivism associated with postmodernism/poststructuralism. However, the growing influence of feminist and women-centric approaches within the international policy communities (for example at the World Bank and the United Nations) is more reflective of the liberal feminist emphasis on equality of opportunity for women.

6990: 7015: 1255:, law, economics or world history. As a subdiscipline of political science, the focus of IR studies lies on political, diplomatic and security connections among states, as well as the study of modern political world history. In many academic institutions, studies of IR are thus situated in the department of politics/social sciences. This is for example the case in Scandinavia, where international relations are often simply referred to as 7002: 3324: 1461:

establishing the rarely if ever fulfilled ideal that all people speaking one language should belong to one state only. The same claim to sovereignty was made for both forms of nation-state. In Europe today, few states conform to either definition of nation-state: many continue to have royal sovereigns, and hardly any are ethnically homogeneous.

2580:, and has been applied retrospectively by theorists. However, the term bipolar was notably used by Stalin who said he saw the international system as a bipolar one with two opposing power bases and ideologies. Consequently, the international system prior to 1945 can be described as multipolar, with power being shared among 1817:, is considered a foundational text of the realist school of political philosophy. There is debate over whether Thucydides himself was a realist; Richard Ned Lebow has argued that seeing Thucydides as a realist is a misinterpretation of a more complex political message within his work. Amongst others, philosophers like 2506:, these entities have the potential to significantly influence the outcome of any international transaction. Additionally, this also includes the individual person as while the individual is what constitutes the states collective entity, the individual does have the potential to also create unpredicted behaviours. 2026:(some times referred to as neoliberalism) shows how cooperation can be achieved in international relations even if neorealist assumptions apply (states are the key actors in world politics, the international system is anarchic, and states pursue their self interest). Liberal institutionalists highlight the role of 2212:. Post-structuralism explores the deconstruction of concepts traditionally not problematic in IR (such as "power" and "agency") and examines how the construction of these concepts shapes international relations. The examination of "narratives" plays an important part in poststructuralist analysis; for example, 2422:

of sovereignty is indicated by a sovereign's obligation to other sovereigns, interdependence and dependence to take place. While throughout world history there have been instances of groups lacking or losing sovereignty, such as African nations prior to decolonization or the occupation of Iraq during the

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in 1576, the three pivotal points derived from the book describe sovereignty as being a state, that the sovereign power(s) have absolute power over their territories, and that such a power is only limited by the sovereign's "own obligations towards other sovereigns and individuals". Such a foundation

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are considered to have contributed to the realist philosophy. However, while their work may support realist doctrine, it is not likely that they would have classified themselves as realists in this sense. Political realism believes that politics, like society, is governed by objective laws with roots

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In contrast to realism, the liberal framework emphasises that states, although they are sovereign, do not exist in a purely anarchical system. Rather, liberal theory assumes that states are institutionally constrained by the power of international organisations, and mutually dependent on one another

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is the practice of communication and negotiation between representatives of states. To some extent, all other tools of international relations can be considered the failure of diplomacy. Keeping in mind, the use of other tools are part of the communication and negotiation inherent within diplomacy.

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Feminist IR considers the ways that international politics affects and is affected by both men and women and also at how the core concepts that are employed within the discipline of IR (e.g. war, security, etc.) are themselves gendered. Feminist IR has not only concerned itself with the traditional

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makes continuous military power struggle irrational, as states are dependent on participation in the global trade system to ensure their own survival. As such, the liberal framework stresses cooperation between states as a fundamental part of the international system. States are not seen as unitary

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is a state's action in relation to other states where it seeks to gain advantage or benefits to itself. National interest, whether aspirational or operational, is divided by core/vital and peripheral/non-vital interests. Core or vital interests constitute the things which a country is willing to

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Feminist IR emerged largely from the late 1980s onward. The end of the Cold War and the re-evaluation of traditional IR theory during the 1990s opened up a space for gendering International Relations. Because feminist IR is linked broadly to the critical project in IR, by and large most feminist

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Constructivism is part of critical theory, and as such seeks to criticise the assumptions underlying traditional IR theory. Constructivist theory would for example claim that the state leaders of the United States and Soviet Union were socialised into different roles and norms, which can provide

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A handful of states have moved beyond insistence on full sovereignty, and can be considered "post-modern". The ability of contemporary IR discourse to explain the relations of these different types of states is disputed. "Levels of analysis" is a way of looking at the international system, which

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increasingly became its synonym. An alternative model of the nation-state was developed in reaction to the French republican concept by the Germans and others, who instead of giving the citizenry sovereignty, kept the princes and nobility, but defined nation-statehood in ethnic-linguistic terms,

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The lines between IR and other political science subfields is sometimes blurred, in particular when it comes to the study of conflict, institutions, political economy and political behavior. The division between comparative politics and international relations is artificial, as processes within

2276:, which followed Marx's concern with the conditions that allow for social change and the establishment of rational institutions. Their emphasis on the "critical" component of theory was derived significantly from their attempt to overcome the limits of positivism. Modern-day proponents such as 1265:

refers to the broader multidisciplinary field of global politics, law, economics and history, the subject may be studied across multiple departments, or be situated in its own department, as is the case at for example the London School of Economics. An undergraduate degree in multidisciplinary

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In recent decades, IR has increasingly addressed environmental concerns such as climate change, deforestation, and biodiversity loss, recognizing their implications for global security and diplomacy. Once peripheral, these issues have gained prominence due to their global impact. Multilateral

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is derived from the liberal tradition that argues that international institutions or regimes affect the behaviour of states (or other international actors). It assumes that cooperation is possible in the anarchic system of states, indeed, regimes are by definition, instances of international

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international politics is concerned with the special kind of power relationships that exist in a community lacking an overriding authority; international economics deals with trade relations across national boundaries that are complicated by the uncontrolled actions of sovereign states; and

2837:, or are revisionist—i.e., want change. Revisionist states seek to fundamentally change the rules and practices of international relations, feeling disadvantaged by the status quo. They see the international system as a largely western creation which serves to reinforce current realities. 1725:

details the historical imbrication of IR in the projects of colonial administration and imperialism, while other scholars have traced the emergence of International Relations in relation to the consolidation of newly independent nation-states within the non-West, such as Brazil and India.

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work has examined the role that "women" play in global society and how they are constructed in war as "innocent" and "civilians". Rosenberg's article "Why is there no International Historical Sociology" was a key text in the evolution of this strand of international relations theory.

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of 1713 is thought to reflect an emerging norm that sovereigns had no internal equals within a defined territory and no external superiors as the ultimate authority within the territory's sovereign borders. These principles underpin the modern international legal and political order.

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is the preponderance of power at one pole in the international system, and the theory argues this is a stable configuration because of mutual gains by both the dominant power and others in the international system. This is contrary to many neorealist arguments, particularly made by

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Black, R., Busby, J., Dabelko, G. D., De Coning, C., Maalim, H., McAllister, C., Ndiloseh, M., Smith, D., Cóbar, J. F. A., Barnhoorn, A., Bell, N., Bell-Moran, D., Broek, E., Eberlein, A., Eklöw, K., Faller, J., Gadnert, A., Hegazi, F., Kim, K., . . . Staudenmann, J. A. (2022).

2708:, stating that a set of core states exploit a set of weaker periphery states for their prosperity. Various versions of the theory suggest that this is either an inevitability (standard dependency theory), or use the theory to highlight the necessity for change (Neo-Marxist). 1758:

Within the study of international relations, there exists multiple theories seeking to explain how states and other actors operate within the international system. These can generally be divided into the three main strands of realism, liberalism, and constructivism.

2676:, particularly with international economic interaction. The role of international institutions, and widespread acceptance of a number of operating principles in the international system, reinforces ideas that relations are characterized by interdependence. 2489:

In the 21st century, the status-quo of the international system is no longer monopolized by states alone. Rather, it is the presence of non-state actors, who autonomously act to implement unpredictable behaviour to the international system. Whether it is

2365:. Theorists have focused particularly on humanitarian intervention, and are subdivided between solidarists, who tend to advocate it more, and pluralists, who place greater value in order and sovereignty. Nicholas Wheeler is a prominent solidarist, while 2727:

are usually a first resort after the failure of diplomacy, and are one of the main tools used to enforce treaties. They can take the form of diplomatic or economic sanctions and involve the cutting of ties and imposition of barriers to communication or

1681:. In 1922, Georgetown University graduated its first class of the Master of Science in Foreign Service (MSFS) degree, making it the first international relations graduate program in the United States. This was soon followed by the establishment of the 1717:

nations shape international processes, and international processes shape processes within states. Some scholars have called for an integration of the fields. Comparative politics does not have similar "isms" as international relations scholarship.

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are perhaps the best known pluralists. Some English school theoreticians have used historical cases in order to show the influence that normative frameworks have on the evolution of the international political order at various critical junctures.

1277:, Frederick S. Dunn wrote that IR was about "relations that take place across national boundaries" and "between autonomous political groups in a world system". Dunn wrote that unique elements characterized IR and separated it from other subfields: 4632: 2148:

noted in response to realism that "anarchy is what states make of it". By this he means that the anarchic structure that realists claim governs state interaction is in fact a phenomenon that is socially constructed and reproduced by states.

1964:, who argued that states mutually gained from cooperation and that war was so destructive as to be essentially futile. Liberalism was not recognized as a coherent theory as such until it was collectively and derisively termed idealism by 2818:

means that democratic countries will not go to war with each other. The justifications for this are that democracies externalize their norms and only go to war for just causes, and that democracy encourages mutual trust and respect.

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defend or expand with conflict such as territory, ideology (religious, political, economic), or its citizens. Peripheral or non-vital are interests which a state is willing to compromise. For example, in Germany's annexation of the

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Critical scholarship in International Relations has explored the relationship between the institutionalization of International Relations as an academic discipline and the demands of national governments. Robert Vitalis's book

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The level beneath that of the unit (state) can be useful both for explaining factors in international relations that other theories fail to explain, and for moving away from a state-centric view of international relations.

2738:, with war being "the continuation of politics by other means". There is a growing study into "new wars" involving actors other than states. The study of war in international relations is covered by the disciplines of " 2360:

International society theory, also called the English school, focuses on the shared norms and values of states and how they regulate international relations. Examples of such norms include diplomacy, order, and

6147: 2526:, the alignment of several nations to one side or another based on ideological differences or national interests has become an endemic feature of international relations. Unlike prior, shorter-term blocs, the 1424:, European organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order. Contrary to popular belief, Westphalia still embodied layered systems of sovereignty, especially within the 2240:

theories of IR reject the realist/liberal view of state conflict or cooperation; instead focusing on the economic and material aspects. It makes the assumption that the economy trumps other concerns, making

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would challenge a hegemon after a certain period, resulting in a major war. It suggests that while hegemony can control the occurrence of wars, it also results in the creation of one. Its main proponent,

1491:. The use of capitalizations of the "I" and "R" in international relations aims to distinguish the academic discipline of international relations from the phenomena of international relations. Many cite 5541:

Editors: Siom Mukkonen & Pekka Suutari. Ashgate Books, 2016 See Introduction & Chapter 1 – Introduction to the Logic of East-West Artistic Interactions -Cultural Diplomacy on books.google.com.

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The realist framework is traditionally associated with the analysis of power-politics, and has been used to analyze the conflicts between states in the early European state-system; the causes of the

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Area studies are the divisional parts of international studies in which various geopolitical regions are studied in detail. Many university departments are offering area studies in diverse titles.

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at LSE and at Oxford gave further impetus to the academic study of international relations. Furthermore, the International History department at LSE developed a focus on the history of IR in the

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Religion can have an effect on the way a state acts within the international system, and different theoretical perspectives treat it in somewhat different fashion. One dramatic example is the

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The concept of power in international relations can be described as the degree of resources, capabilities, and influence in international affairs. It is often divided up into the concepts of

1800:. In settings such as these the realist framework carries great interpretative insights in explaining how the military and economic power struggles of states lead to larger armed conflicts. 1677:

The first university entirely dedicated to the study of IR was the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, which was founded in 1927 to form diplomats associated to the

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predicts that conflict should be the norm in international relations, regime theorists say that there is cooperation despite anarchy. Often they cite cooperation in trade, human rights and

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Sanctions, force, and adjusting trade regulations, while not typically considered part of diplomacy, are actually valuable tools in the interest of leverage and placement in negotiations.

2137:, and the leaders of international organisations, are socialised into different roles and systems of norms, which define how the international system operates. The constructivist scholar 6205: 2672:

Many advocate that the current international system is characterized by growing interdependence; the mutual responsibility and dependency on others. Advocates of this point to growing

2853:(1618–1648) that ravaged much of Europe, which was at least partly motivated by theological differences within Christianity. Religion is a major organizing principle particularly for 2946:) and other actors which do not consider themselves to fit with the defined state boundaries. This is particularly useful in the context of the pre-modern world of weak states. 4033: 2800:

As a level of analysis the unit level is often referred to as the state level, as it locates its explanation at the level of the state, rather than the international system.

1476:. However, this is somewhat over-simplified. While the nation-state system is considered "modern", many states have not incorporated the system and are termed "pre-modern". 2546:

under Soviet policy sought to spread communism. After the Cold War, and the dissolution of the ideologically homogeneous Eastern Bloc still gave rise to others such as the

4420: 3591: 1738:, reflect a growing consensus that environmental degradation requires coordinated international responses, shaping diplomatic priorities and global governance frameworks. 1682: 2897: 2877:

have made the role of religion in international relations a major topic. China's reemergence as a major international power is believed by some scholars to be shaped by

1651: 2916:, as can the role of misperception between various actors. A prominent application of sub-unit level psychological factors in international relations is the concept of 3979: 3460: 2949:

Science, technology and international relations – How science and technology impact global health, business, environment, technology, and development.

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is an example of a state that has gone from being a revisionist state to one that is satisfied with the status quo, because the status quo is now beneficial to it.

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offered the first accounts of universal entitlement to certain rights on the basis of common humanity. In the 20th century, in addition to contemporary theories of

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from 1795. In it, he postulates that states, over time, through increased political and economic cooperation, will come to resemble an international federation—a

2610:, the thought being that by balancing power blocs it would create stability and prevent war. Theories of the balance of power gained prominence again during the 2399:. Focusing on the systemic level of international relations is often, but not always, the preferred method for neo-realists and other structuralist IR analysts. 3386: 3113:, and social equity"; It is the most prominent international institution. Many of the legal institutions follow the same organizational structure as the UN. 1906:

are taken to, over time, have developed power and influence to shape the foreign policies of individual states. Furthermore, the existence of the globalised

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includes the individual level, the domestic state as a unit, the international level of transnational and intergovernmental affairs, and the global level.

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The mobilization of international shame can also be thought of as a tool of international relations. This is attempting to alter states' actions through '

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contributed the idea that the citizenry of a state, defined as the nation, that were sovereign, rather than a monarch or noble class. A state wherein the

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Editors: Len Ang, Yudhishthir Raj Isar, Philip Mar. Routledge, UK 2016 Chapter 1 – Cultural Diplomacy- Beyond the National Interest? on google.books.com.

3286: 3406: 2912:, and that there may be other influences on foreign policy decisions. Examining the role of personalities in the decision-making process can have some 4679: 7064: 2572:

Polarity in international relations refers to the arrangement of power within the international system. The concept arose from bipolarity during the

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actors, but pluralistic arenas where interest groups, non-governmental organisations, and economic actors also shape the creation of foreign policy.

5673: 2481:, Czechoslovakia was willing to relinquish territory which was considered ethnically German in order to preserve its own integrity and sovereignty. 2092:, who defines regimes as "principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actor expectations converge in a given issue-area". 1367:, as the first fully-fledged international system. Analyses of the foreign policies of sovereign city states have been done in ancient times, as in 7432: 5046: 3366: 3241: 2355: 1710: 4071: 3221: 2808:

It is often considered that a state's form of government can dictate the way that a state interacts with others in the international relation.

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Religious, ethnic, and secessionist groups – Viewing these aspects of the sub-unit level has explanatory power with regards to

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Mingst, Karen A., & Arreguín-Toft, Ivan M. (2011). Essentials of International Relations (5th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

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were the first institutions in Canada to offer an undergraduate and a graduate program in international studies and affairs, respectively.

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have developed hybrid theories which take a realist based approach to this fundamentally liberal theory. (Realists do not say cooperation

2603: 1926:, was thought to have made the realist analysis of power and conflict inadequate in explaining the workings of the international system. 1102: 4138: 2510:, as an example of a non-state actor, has significantly influenced the way states (and non-state actors) conduct international affairs. 7539: 3455: 665: 6336: 3930: 2117:

The constructivist framework rests on the fundamental assumption that the international system is built on social constructs; such as

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Mingst, Karen A., & Snyder, Jack L. (2011). Essential Readings in World Politics (4th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

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to argue that the international system could remain stable in the absence of a hegemon, thus rebutting hegemonic stability theory.

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Preceding the concepts of interdependence and dependence, international relations relies on the idea of sovereignty. Described in

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in decision-making, and sees decisions as a result of bureaucratic infighting, and as having been shaped by various constraints.

2857:, whereas secularism sits at the other end of the spectrum, with the separation of state and religion being responsible for the 7447: 6269: 5983: 5582: 3161: 2858: 2734:, the use of force, is often thought of as the ultimate tool of international relations. A popular definition is that given by 2232: 1949: 1773:

The realist framework of international relations rests on the fundamental assumption that the international state system is an

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The case of Gilpin proved to be correct and Waltz's article titled "The Stability of a Bipolar World" was followed in 1999 by

2641:, stating that the end of the Cold War and the state of unipolarity is an unstable configuration that will inevitably change. 2622:. Here, the concepts of balancing (rising in power to counter another) and bandwagonning (siding with another) are developed. 7057: 6253: 5842: 5560: 5413: 4974: 4919: 4894: 4837: 4802: 4767: 4699: 4532: 3848: 1464:

The particular European system supposing the sovereign equality of states was exported to the Americas, Africa, and Asia via

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Psychological factors in international relations – Understanding a state is not a "black box" as proposed by

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from the nation-state. Hence, it is "critical" of mainstream IR theories that tend to be both positivist and state-centric.

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Charlotte Hooper "Masculinities, IR and the 'Gender Variable': A Cost-Benefit Analysis for (Sympathetic) Gender Sceptics".

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in 1991 had led to unipolarity, with the United States as a sole superpower, although many refuse to acknowledge the fact.

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the fundamental level of analysis. Marxists view the international system as an integrated capitalist system in pursuit of

1882: 1694: 1173: 1081:. In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns all activities among states—such as 1031: 5692:"Culturologie Politique Internationale: Une approche systémique et matérialiste de la culture et du système social global" 1638:

is the oldest continuously operating school for international affairs in the United States, founded in 1919. In 1927, the

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justifies a world revolution, which similarly would lead to peaceful coexistence, based on a proletarian global society.

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among other issues. These instances of cooperation are regimes. The most commonly cited definition of regimes comes from

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in response to the ability of states to control and limit war in their international relations. Early adherents include

1658:, Switzerland. This was rapidly followed by establishment of IR at universities in the US. The creation of the posts of 7207: 7197: 5114: 3639: 3559: 3176: 2559: 2519: 2396: 1735: 1345: 1323: 1315: 1266:

international relations may lead to a more specialised master's degree of either international politics, economics, or

7503: 7457: 7134: 6318: 5806: 5620: 5015: 4398: 3715: 3554: 3371: 3291: 2909: 2777: 2081: 1768: 1705:, opened its doors in 1933 as the first graduate-only school of international affairs in the United States. In 1965, 1307: 1169: 533: 20: 7534: 7050: 7006: 5778: 1809: 1507: 1487:, and is dealt with in more detail below. IR theory, however, has a long tradition of drawing on the work of other 139: 7498: 7357: 6942: 5347:

Krasner, Stephen D., ed. 1983. "Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables." In

3381: 3296: 3261: 3226: 2952: 2588: 2435: 1635: 1216: 27: 7030: 7419: 7174: 6899: 6553: 6394: 3489: 3435: 1903: 1747: 1617: 922: 658: 528: 306: 154: 4949: 4592:"Theorizing the European Union: International Organization, Domestic Polity, or Experiment in New Governance?" 4166:

Vol. 9 (2004); Krasner, Stephen D.: "Westphalia and all that" in Judith Goldstein & Robert Keohane (eds):

3763: 2448:, hard power relating primarily to coercive power, such as the use of force, and soft power commonly covering 6506: 6362: 6060: 3231: 2762: 543: 5585:

p. 3-13 Introduction – cultural diplomacy (around the world before and during the cold war) on google.books.

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The liberal framework is associated with analysis of the globalised world as it emerged in the aftermath of

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is sovereign would thence be termed a nation-state, as opposed to a monarchy or a religious state; the term

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has also been recognized by governments as an important tool in the development of international relations.

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and the "standards of civilization". The contemporary international system was finally established through

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and its aftermath provoked greater interest and scholarship in international relations, particularly in

1187:, it did not become a discrete field until 1919, when it was first offered as an undergraduate major by 51:, Switzerland, hosted more than 10,000 intergovernmental meetings. The city hosts the highest number of 7508: 7317: 7094: 6265:(1995), not a memoir but an interpretive history of international diplomacy since the late 18th century 4717:"Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics" 3606: 3132: 3094: 3067: 2664:, argued this based on the occurrence of previous wars during British, Portuguese, and Dutch hegemony. 2629: 2491: 2143: 2027: 1639: 1625: 1098: 989: 896: 129: 100: 52: 1560:. Though contemporary human rights is considerably different from the type of rights envisioned under 6661: 6389: 5760: 4633:"Rationalizing Politics: The Emerging Synthesis of International, American, and Comparative Politics" 4063: 3646: 3484: 3361: 2499: 2126: 1110: 651: 256: 5477: 2534:

sought to spread their national ideological differences to other nations. Leaders like US President

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Not all approaches to regime theory, however, are liberal or neoliberal; some realist scholars like

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concepts are those broad concepts that define and shape an international milieu, characterized by

1650:: this was the first institute to offer a wide range of degrees in the field. That same year, the 7483: 7295: 7025: 6692: 6311:

The Discipline of Western Supremacy: Modes of Foreign Relations and Political Economy, Volume III

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Western Dominance in International Relations?: The Internationalisation of IR in Brazil and India

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and at Columbia University in 1910. By 1920, there were four universities that taught courses on

1557: 1527: 1406: 1141: 761: 5104: 4553:"Politics like any other? Comparative politics, international relations and the study of the EU" 2564: 6914: 6634: 6462: 6163: 5519: 5172: 3777: 3440: 3351: 3106: 3037: 2983: 2962: – Looks at how culture and cultural variables impact in international relations 1922:, as well as economic cooperation through institutions such as the WTO, the World Bank and the 1690: 1667: 1613: 1609: 1412:

The establishment of modern sovereign states as fundamental political units traces back to the

1333: 1188: 538: 480: 426: 4268: 1532: 1483:

What is explicitly recognized as international relations theory was not developed until after

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Morin, Jean-Frederic and Jonathan Paquin, Foreign Policy Analysis: A Toolbox, Palgrave, 2018.

4691: 3236: 2989: 2754: 1686: 1631: 1553: 1149: 1133: 1125: 967: 906: 358: 191: 5796: 5610: 4608: 4591: 4388: 3135:

consisting of 57 member states. The organisation attempts to be the collective voice of the

1620:. International politics courses were established at the University of Wisconsin in 1899 by 1223:

in the late 20th century have presaged new theories and evaluations of the rapidly changing

7473: 7387: 7124: 6784: 6624: 6597: 6592: 6489: 3922: 3872: 3691:"International relations | Definition, Theory, History, Examples, & Facts | Britannica" 3690: 3544: 3401: 3337: 3110: 2862: 2850: 2518:

The existence of power blocs in international relations is a significant factor related to

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due to being inherently critical of traditional IR frameworks) developed in the 1980s from

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The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers Economic Change and Military Conflict From 1500–2000

5325: 5308: 5219: 3951: 3816: 3799: 3139:(Ummah) and attempts to safeguard the interests and ensure the progress and well-being of 2787:

The mutual exchange of ideas, information, art, music, and language among nations through

8: 7397: 7392: 7255: 6964: 6958: 6884: 6799: 6744: 6619: 6484: 6430: 6213: 6028: 5704: 5656: 5577:

Editors: Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht & Mark C. Donfried. Berghahn Books , Oxford 2010

4912:

International relations in the anthropocene: new agendas, new agencies and new approaches

4159: 4106: 3616: 3586: 3571: 3254: 2781: 2753:' at the international level. This is mostly done by the large human rights NGOs such as 2735: 2289: 2085: 1663: 1621: 1605: 1597: 1413: 1394:

published in 1532, where he analyzed the foreign policy of the renaissance city state of

1248: 1224: 1106: 901: 800: 777: 681: 580: 490: 344: 246: 196: 134: 5723:

Xintian, Yu (2009), "Combining Research on Cultural Theory and International Relations".

4524:

Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order

7228: 6909: 6474: 6303:(1954) (Oxford History of Modern Europe) 638pp; history and analysis of major diplomacy 6296:(Oxford History of Modern Europe) (1994) 920pp; history and analysis of major diplomacy 6230: 6045: 5386: 5289: 5281: 5164: 5085: 5077: 5040: 4738: 4660: 4369: 4322: 4314: 4256: 4015: 4007: 3670:

François Modoux, "La Suisse engagera 300 millions pour rénover le Palais des Nations",

3549: 3022: 2788: 2758: 2426:, there is still a need for sovereignty in terms of assessing international relations. 2173: 1850: 1702: 1019: 937: 932: 717: 618: 211: 6194:

Alexander, F. (1998). Encyclopedia of World History. New York: Oxford University Press

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White World Order, Black Power Politics: The Birth of American International Relations

1282:

international law is law that is based on voluntary acceptance by independent nations.

7544: 7493: 7362: 7327: 7270: 7238: 7155: 6879: 6874: 6862: 6857: 6729: 6719: 6639: 6582: 6526: 6314: 6306: 5838: 5802: 5616: 5578: 5556: 5409: 5390: 5378: 5330: 5273: 5156: 5110: 5089: 5011: 4915: 4890: 4843: 4833: 4808: 4798: 4773: 4763: 4695: 4664: 4652: 4613: 4572: 4528: 4394: 4373: 4361: 4326: 4306: 4264: 4260: 4248: 4226: 4093:

International Systems in World History: Remaking the Study of International Relations

4019: 3999: 3854: 3844: 3821: 3651: 3191: 3102: 2943: 2913: 2893: 2743: 2701: 2661: 2645: 2469: 2370: 2301: 2258: 2154: 1973: 1678: 1647: 1643: 1600:

in 1919 with the founding of the first IR professorship: the Woodrow Wilson Chair at

1449: 1429: 1425: 1372: 1337: 1267: 1244: 1165: 1153: 1117: 1066: 927: 891: 865: 795: 727: 613: 287: 149: 144: 105: 78: 44: 5293: 4733: 4716: 3739: 3308: 2765:

1235 procedure, which publicly exposes state's human rights violations. The current

2460:

influence. However, there is no clear dividing line between the two forms of power.

1328: 7513: 7382: 7305: 6894: 6739: 6714: 6521: 6511: 6501: 6056: 6036: 6016: 5835:

Globalization: The politics of global economic relations and international business

5822: 5370: 5320: 5265: 5148: 5069: 4882: 4742: 4728: 4687: 4644: 4603: 4564: 4500: 4353: 4341: 4298: 4238: 3991: 3811: 3317: 3027: 3009: 3004: 2986:(Also variably known as Near Eastern studies, West Asian studies, and Arab studies) 2889: 2599: 2478: 2277: 2273: 2177: 1996: 1992: 1948:; which will be characterised by continual peace and cooperation. In modern times, 1945: 1870: 1698: 1376: 563: 319: 173: 4982: 4357: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7250: 6904: 6671: 6666: 6479: 6128: 6024: 5971:

Anarchy & Order: The Interplay of Politics and Law in International Relations

5712: 5691: 5677: 5662: 5651: 5361:

Rosenberg, Justin (2006). "Why is There No International Historical Sociology?".

4881:. Frontiers in International Relations. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 4522: 3896: 3611: 3601: 3515: 3032: 2994: 2931: 2539: 2535: 2269: 2193: 2189: 2158: 2138: 2089: 1939: 1854: 1731: 1706: 1441: 1437: 1252: 1184: 1062: 979: 886: 870: 810: 641: 623: 448: 433: 39: 6006: 4229:[From Liberalism to Neorealism. A Discussion Around Classical Realism]. 4181: 3523: 2272:" to international relations. Early critical theorists were associated with the 1977: 7139: 7019: 6867: 6779: 6774: 6531: 6452: 6447: 6378: 6184: 6148:

The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations

6119: 6093: 5996: 5988: 5976: 5106:

The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations

4548: 3211: 3206: 3090: 3084: 2935: 2773: 2750: 2343: 2305: 2254: 2051: 2042: 2038: 1957: 1919: 1895: 1593: 1497: 1488: 1469: 1341: 1287: 1204: 1192: 1094: 952: 519: 438: 392: 334: 64: 6206:

International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) § Further reading

5073: 4886: 4812: 4568: 3858: 2169:, are socialised into international organisations, and stipulated into rules. 7528: 6970: 6926: 6889: 6819: 6794: 6704: 6602: 6548: 6543: 6332: 6110: 6102: 6084: 5984:

On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society

5980:

On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society

5924: 5865: 5382: 5374: 5334: 5277: 5160: 4847: 4777: 4656: 4617: 4576: 4365: 4310: 4252: 4003: 3825: 3156: 3061: 2854: 2673: 2638: 2632:

also draws upon the idea of polarity, specifically the state of unipolarity.

2625: 2615: 2335: 2281: 2130: 2096: 2073: 2068: 2031: 1988: 1961: 1935: 1907: 1862: 1858: 1842: 1789: 1549: 1522: 1220: 1200: 1004: 994: 805: 443: 421: 396: 226: 59: 4648: 4552: 4342:"Schools of international affairs in the United States: a historical sketch" 1556:, with the work of the former often being cited as the first elaboration of 1116:

International relations is generally classified as a major subdiscipline of

7402: 7322: 7275: 6769: 6709: 6457: 6415: 6249: 5874: 4792: 4421:"Master of Science in Foreign Service / Master of Public Policy (MSFS/MPP)" 3529: 3136: 2920:, another is the propensity of policymakers to think in terms of analogies. 2878: 2531: 2527: 2468:

Perhaps the most significant concept behind that of power and sovereignty,

2339: 2242: 2166: 2000: 1969: 1915: 1866: 1831: 1793: 1785: 1569: 1517: 1402: 1290:" have been used by some to refer to a broader multidisciplinary IR field. 1196: 1137: 999: 850: 707: 206: 7042: 5478:"Federation of American Scientists :: Status of World Nuclear Forces" 4827: 4757: 7488: 7367: 7347: 7260: 7245: 7160: 6921: 6809: 6734: 6651: 6570: 6563: 6420: 6214:

The Westphalian Model in defining International Law: Challenging the Myth

6076: 5883: 5538:

Music, Art and Diplomacy East-West cultural Interactions and the Cold War

4468: 4243: 4227:"Del liberalismo al neo-realismo. Un debate en torno al realismo clásico" 4160:

The Westphalian Model in defining International Law: Challenging the Myth

3576: 3166: 3098: 2959: 2924: 2874: 2739: 2695: 2656: 2607: 2581: 2543: 2474: 2366: 2250: 2122: 1984: 1953: 1818: 1781: 1601: 1561: 1484: 1465: 1421: 1399: 1364: 1356: 1208: 1097:—as well as relations with and among other international actors, such as 1014: 1009: 962: 840: 820: 756: 722: 697: 688: 510: 475: 378: 366: 231: 6343:

The European Institute for International Law and International Relations

3567:

The European Institute for International Law and International Relations

3509: 636: 19:"International Relations" redirects here. For the academic journal, see 7372: 6975: 6814: 6656: 6614: 6558: 6240: 6067: 5898: 5285: 5168: 5081: 4318: 4180:

Gaus, Gerald; Courtland, Shane D.; Schmidtz, David (22 January 2018) .

4137:(Summer 2019 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 4011: 3411: 3330: 3313: 2917: 2834: 2577: 2445: 2441: 2414: 2331: 2046: 1965: 1838: 1814: 1654:, a school dedicated to teaching international affairs, was founded in 1573: 1537: 1502: 1389: 1368: 1157: 600: 590: 585: 324: 186: 68: 2576:, with the international system dominated by the conflict between two 2103:

happens, just that it is not the norm; it is a difference of degree).

26:"International affairs" redirects here. For the academic journal, see 7478: 7233: 6749: 6646: 6575: 6469: 6442: 5552:

The History of United States Cultural Diplomacy – 1770 to the Present

4956:(Summer 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 4207: 2870: 2822: 2815: 2717: 2453: 2449: 1642:' department of international relations was founded at the behest of 1445: 1161: 1145: 1086: 947: 860: 855: 845: 734: 485: 383: 266: 221: 201: 5269: 5152: 4302: 3995: 2349: 2204:

Post-structuralism theories of international relations (also called

1918:. Increased political cooperation through organisations such as the 1436:

The period between roughly 1500 to 1789 saw the rise of independent

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Perspectives on International Relations: Power, Institutions, Ideas

4231:

Telos. Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales

3672: 3538: 2999: 2939: 2633: 2611: 2573: 2523: 2507: 2423: 2181: 1826: 1797: 1671: 1512: 1473: 1457: 1395: 1355:

Studies of international relations started thousands of years ago;

1319: 1212: 786: 751: 608: 568: 251: 236: 216: 85: 7014: 6347: 5837:. Durham, North Carolina, United States: Carolina Academic Press. 5408:. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave MacMillan. pp. 169–170. 5254:"Achieving Cooperation under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions" 2833:

States can be classified by whether they accept the international

2598:

Several theories of international relations draw upon the idea of

6496: 5927:"'Gender' Is Not Enough: The Need for a Feminist Consciousness". 3800:"Should We Leave Behind the Subfield of International Relations?" 3140: 2795: 2772:

The allotment of economic and/or diplomatic benefits such as the

2705: 2457: 2237: 2162: 1774: 1581: 1492: 702: 523: 181: 5705:

Xintian, Yu (2005) "Cultural Factors In International Relations"

5309:"Understanding Multilateral Institutions in Easy and Hard Times" 4981:. New York: Mount Holyoke College. pp. 4–15. Archived from 2923:

Bureaucratic politics – Looks at the role of the

2780:; candidate countries are only allowed to join if they meet the 63:

The field of international relations dates from the time of the

7377: 7265: 4208:"Aberystwyth University – Department of International Politics" 2134: 1894:

through economic and diplomatic ties. Institutions such as the

1822: 1655: 1453: 1417: 1409:

the natural starting point of international relations history.

1380: 573: 515: 413: 48: 5109:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 149. 4910:

Chandler, David; Müller, Franziska; Rothe, Delf, eds. (2021).

1592:

International relations as a distinct field of study began in

1521:(4th century BC), as the inspiration for realist theory, with 7352: 7109: 6286: 3323: 3171: 2866: 2838: 2592: 1360: 1090: 6031:

and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace

5659:

and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace

5060:

Lebow, Richard Ned (2001). "Thucydides the Constructivist".

5010:. Macmillan International Higher Education. pp. 32–57. 4829:

The international in security, security in the international

3592:

List of international relations institutes and organisations

2711: 7129: 3327: 3281: 3070:

form a vital part of contemporary international relations.

2757:(for instance when it called Guantanamo Bay a "Gulag"), or 2688: 2118: 1934:

The intellectual basis of liberal theory is often cited as

1652:

Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

3043: 2542:

believed it was necessary to spread democracy whereas the

1344:, and Polish fashion reflects the complex politics of the 7409: 6538: 6020:

Men and citizens in the theory of international relations

5667:

Keynes and International Economic and Political Relations

4188:((September–December) Fall 2020 ed.). Stanford Press 3461:

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

3216: 2731: 1359:

and Richard Little considered the interaction of ancient

1082: 815: 712: 6287:

History of International Relations Open Textbook Project

5406:

The German Question and the International Order, 1943–48

4979:

Politics Among Nations: The struggle for Power and Peace

3277:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

2884: 6342: 6199: 5458: 5446: 5434: 4878:

Non-Human Nature in World Politics: Theory and Practice

4449:

SFS - School of Foreign Service - Georgetown University

3073: 2648:'s article titled "The Stability of a Unipolar World". 2199: 3923:"International relations – Between the two world wars" 3116: 1136:. It often draws heavily from other fields, including 6282:(13 vol 1957–79), thorough coverage from 1500 to 1900 5555:

Michael L. Krenn. Bloomsbury Academic, New York 2017

5123: 4875:

Pereira, Joana Castro; Saramago, André, eds. (2020).

4684:

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies

4179: 3897:"Where exactly does 'International Relations' begin?" 3387:

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

2387:

International relations are often viewed in terms of

2261:

brought new opportunities in the form of dependence.

1293: 1183:

While international politics has been analyzed since

6080:

The Great Transition Today: A Report from the Future

5948:

Goodin, Robert E., and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, eds.

5422: 3505: 3272:

Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific

3151:

Other generalist inter-state organizations include:

2157:, where norms of conduct such as the prohibition of 1660:

Montague Burton Professor of International Relations

4909: 4863:

Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk

3843:(Fifth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3287:

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

1587: 6268:Krasner, Stephen D.: "Westphalia and All That" in 6071:Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics 4680:"International Relations and Comparative Politics" 3407:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 3097:that describes itself as a "global association of 1584:has been a foundation of international relations. 6294:The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848 6179:Fundamental Principles of International Relations 5957:The Nation-State and the Crisis of World Politics 5735:"US-Russian relations: Demanding equal treatment" 5596:Cultural Diplomacy: Beyond the National Interest? 4934:Snyder, Jack(2004). "One World, Rival Theories", 3248: 2955:, and economic factors in international relations 2350:International society theory (the English school) 16:Study of relationships between two or more states 7526: 6276:(Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1993), pp. 235–264 5973:1555875718, 9781555875718 Lynne Rienner Pub 1997 4714: 4677: 4520: 4469:"About the Committee on International Relations" 3956:London School of Economics and Political Science 3367:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 3242:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 2828: 2356:English school of international relations theory 6258:(1987), stress on economic and military factors 6145:Baylis, John, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens. 4947: 4874: 2977: 2606:was a concept prevalent in Europe prior to the 1711:Norman Paterson School of International Affairs 7115:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 5853:The Oxford Handbook of International Relations 5851:Reus-Smit, Christian, and Duncan Snidal, eds. 5251: 4950:"Political Realism in International Relations" 4678:Nadkarni, Vidya; Williams, J. Michael (2010). 4287:"Political Science in the International Field" 3778:"What is International Relations? | BISA" 3222:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 2796:Unit-level concepts in international relations 1968:. A new version of "idealism" that focused on 7058: 6363: 6154:Mingst, Karen A., and Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft. 5795:Carlsnaes, Walter; et al., eds. (2012). 4387:Carlsnaes, Walter; et al., eds. (2012). 3495:International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea 3423: 3187:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 2814:is a theory that suggests that the nature of 2477:in 1938 (a part of Czechoslovakia) under the 2264:A prominent derivative of Marxian thought is 2172:Prominent constructivist IR scholars include 1069:of those interactions is also referred to as 1039: 659: 6301:The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848–1918 6189:IR: The New World of International Relations 6099:(New York: Columbia University Press, 1992). 6053:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946) 5615:. Columbia University Press. pp. 1–23. 5252:Axelrod, Robert; Keohane, Robert O. (1985). 5045:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4948:Korab-Karpowicz, W. Julian (May 24, 2017) , 4715:Finnemore, Martha; Sikkink, Kathryn (2001). 4547: 2034:in facilitating cooperation between states. 7072: 6011:Democracy and the International Rule of Law 5889:(New York: Columbia University Press, 1977) 5827:What's the Point of International Relations 5680:, Trinity College, University of Melbourne. 5612:Religion and International Relations Theory 5509:International Security, 24/1: (1999), 5–41. 5363:European Journal of International Relations 5102: 4170:(Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1993), pp.235–264. 3920: 2300:Further linked in with Marxist theories is 2037:Prominent neoliberal institutionalists are 2006: 1168:within IR, of which the most prominent are 1103:international nongovernmental organizations 7065: 7051: 6370: 6356: 5351:, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 1. 4972: 4521:Kopstein, Jeffrey; Lichbach, Mark (2005). 4104: 3456:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 2704:is a theory most commonly associated with 2382: 2210:postmodernist studies in political science 1207:, where it was shaped considerably by the 1046: 1032: 666: 652: 7130:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 5794: 5403: 5360: 5324: 4914:. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. 4790: 4732: 4607: 4527:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 4386: 4346:Cambridge Review of International Affairs 4242: 4038:British International Studies Association 3815: 3197:Economic Community of West African States 2712:Systemic tools of international relations 2253:brought in sources for raw materials and 1428:. More than the Peace of Westphalia, the 6033:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). 5147:. 04. Vol. 80. pp. 1151–1169. 4128: 3838: 3597:List of international relations journals 3322: 3307: 3303: 3047: 2888: 2683: 2655:, which states that it is likely that a 2563: 2113:Constructivism (international relations) 1929: 1327: 58: 38: 7135:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 6132:Social Theory of International Politics 5931:80.1 (2004): 95–97. Web. 17 Sept. 2013. 5761:"MA Middle Eastern Studies | SOAS" 5689: 5306: 5217: 5192: 5035:. Oxford University Press. p. 179. 5008:Introduction to International Relations 4954:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4755: 4609:10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104858 4589: 4135:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3952:"Department of International Relations" 3267:Collective Security Treaty Organization 3044:Institutions in international relations 2692:International Security Assistance Force 2266:critical international relations theory 2220:Critical international relations theory 1723:White World Order, Black Power Politics 1286:The terms "International studies" and " 1235:Depending on the academic institution, 7527: 5832: 5608: 5464: 5452: 5440: 5428: 5030: 5005: 4825: 4692:10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.408 4630: 4284: 4224: 3980:"The Scope of International Relations" 3797: 3162:Association of Southeast Asian Nations 2859:liberal international relations theory 2233:Marxist international relations theory 1950:liberal international relations theory 1405:. This makes the establishment of the 958:Forum (alternative dispute resolution) 32:International affairs (disambiguation) 7046: 6351: 6156:Essentials of International Relations 5326:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050918-042625 5138: 5062:The American Political Science Review 5059: 5033:Thucydides and the Science of History 5001: 4999: 4975:"Six principles of political realism" 4280: 4278: 3973: 3971: 3817:10.1146/annurev-polisci-053013-041156 2885:Individual or sub-unit level concepts 2377: 1803: 7001: 6289:, Cambridge: Open Book, forthcoming. 5732: 4762:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 4445:"First master's degrees are granted" 4393:. SAGE Publications. pp. 1–28. 4339: 4108:The History of the Peloponnesian War 3977: 3921:Pfaltzgraff, Robert (22 July 2005). 3873:"international relations | politics" 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3446:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 3377:Black Sea Trade and Development Bank 3347:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 3074:Generalist inter-state organizations 2463: 2295: 2200:Critical theory (post-structuralism) 2129:. Various political actors, such as 1883:Liberalism (international relations) 1695:Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy 1683:Committee on International Relations 6377: 6218:Australian Journal of Legal History 6040:The Tragedy of Great Power Politics 5950:A New Handbook of Political Science 5798:Handbook of International Relations 5300: 5193:Cristol, Jonathan (November 2019). 5139:Doyle, Michael W. (December 1986). 5103:Baylis, John; Smith, Steve (2001). 4865:. https://doi.org/10.55163/lcls7037 4708: 4390:Handbook of International Relations 4218: 4186:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4164:Australian Journal of Legal History 3635:International relations (1919–1939) 3630:International relations (1814–1919) 3625:International relations (1648–1814) 3621:Periods in international relations 3466:United Nations Human Rights Council 3129:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 3123:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 3117:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 3054:United Nations Secretariat Building 2651:Waltz's thesis can be expressed in 2484: 2318:Feminism in international relations 1312:International relations (1919–1939) 1304:International relations (1814–1919) 1300:International relations (1648–1814) 13: 7208:International relations since 1989 7198:Diplomatic history of World War II 7120:International Criminal Court (ICC) 6200:History of international relations 5919:Production, Power, and World Order 5694:. McGill–Queen's University Press. 5574:Searching for a Cultural Diplomacy 5313:Annual Review of Political Science 5031:Norris, Cochrane, Charles (1929). 4996: 4721:Annual Review of Political Science 4596:Annual Review of Political Science 4275: 4098: 3968: 3804:Annual Review of Political Science 3640:International relations since 1989 3560:Diplomatic history of World War II 3177:Commonwealth of Independent States 2965:Personal relations between leaders 2865:in the United States, the role of 2667: 2560:Polarity (international relations) 1972:as the basis of the legitimacy of 1736:Convention on Biological Diversity 1444:, and the institutionalization of 1324:International relations since 1989 1316:Diplomatic history of World War II 1294:History of international relations 14: 7556: 7540:International relations education 7504:International political sociology 6337:Issues in development cooperation 6325: 6097:Gender in International Relations 6050:Scientific Man Vs. Power Politics 6013:. Vienna/New York: Springer, 1995 5982:(Oxford University Press, 2008). 5707:, Chinese Philosophical Studies. 5661:, Oxford University Press, 2006. 5145:American Political Science Review 4291:American Political Science Review 4074:from the original on Mar 19, 2024 3784: 3555:Diplomatic history of World War I 3372:Bank of International Settlements 3292:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 3078: 2106: 1788:, as well as the behavior of the 1769:Realism (international relations) 1308:Diplomatic history of World War I 534:Biology and political orientation 21:International Relations (journal) 7024: 7013: 7000: 6989: 6988: 6331: 6114:Theory of International Politics 5936:War and Change ín World Politics 5500:Daedalus, 93/3: (1964), 881–909. 4141:from the original on 19 Mar 2024 4111:. Translated by Crawley, Richard 3933:from the original on Oct 5, 2021 3522: 3508: 2062: 1810:History of the Peloponnesian War 1588:Emergence as academic discipline 1508:History of the Peloponnesian War 1371:' analysis of the causes of the 635: 7499:International political economy 6943:List of social science journals 5821:Dyvik, Synne L., Jan Selby and 5788: 5771: 5753: 5733:Bovt, Georgy (15 August 2013). 5726: 5717: 5698: 5683: 5644: 5635: 5602: 5588: 5566: 5544: 5530: 5520:"Error – Amnesty International" 5512: 5503: 5494: 5470: 5397: 5354: 5341: 5245: 5236: 5211: 5186: 5141:"Liberalism and World Politics" 5132: 5096: 5053: 5024: 4966: 4941: 4938:, 145 (November/December): p.52 4928: 4903: 4868: 4854: 4819: 4784: 4749: 4734:10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.391 4671: 4624: 4583: 4541: 4514: 4485: 4461: 4437: 4413: 4380: 4333: 4200: 4173: 4152: 4122: 4085: 4056: 4026: 3944: 3914: 3889: 3839:Caramani, Daniele, ed. (2020). 3744:Department of Political Science 3676:, Friday 28 June 2013, page 9. 3428: 3382:Inter-American Development Bank 3297:Union of South American Nations 3262:United Nations Security Council 3227:Organization of American States 2969: 2953:International political economy 2614:, being a central mechanism of 2436:Power (international relations) 1636:Walsh School of Foreign Service 1541:providing further elaboration. 1363:city-states, starting in 3,500 1332:The official portraits of King 1099:intergovernmental organizations 28:International Affairs (journal) 6900:Science and technology studies 6167:(1948 and subsequent editions) 6090:(New York: Verso Press, 2003). 5833:Mimiko, N. Oluwafemi (2012). 4118:– via Project Gutenberg. 4105:Thucydides (March 15, 2003) . 3865: 3832: 3770: 3756: 3732: 3708: 3683: 3664: 3490:International Court of Justice 3436:European Court of Human Rights 3249:Regional security arrangements 2873:, and religious strife in the 2803: 2769:has yet to use this mechanism. 2513: 2402: 2167:protection of civilians in war 1904:International Court of Justice 1748:International relations theory 1346:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1230: 923:Alternative dispute resolution 529:Theories of political behavior 155:Political history of the world 1: 6061:Moral Man and Immoral Society 5906:(2001) (New York: Perennial) 4952:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 4797:. Routledge. pp. 59–65. 4358:10.1080/09557571.2020.1855630 4184:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). 4133:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). 4091:Barry Buzan, Richard Little. 4034:"About International Studies" 3658: 3232:Organization of Turkic States 3101:facilitating co-operation in 2829:Revisionism versus status quo 2763:UN Commission on Human Rights 2761:. A prominent use of was the 2679: 2419:Six Books of the Commonwealth 2268:which is the application of " 2049:. Robert Keohane's 1984 book 1876: 1243:is either a subdiscipline of 1059:International relations (IR), 544:Critique of political economy 7467:Related fields and subfields 6280:New Cambridge Modern History 6272:& Robert Keohane (eds): 6138: 3451:International Criminal Court 2978:Major fields of area studies 2589:collapse of the Soviet Union 2568:Empires of the world in 1910 2288:focus on the need for human 1754:International legal theories 1257:international politics (IP). 1217:collapse of the Soviet Union 125:Outline of political science 7: 6001:Neo-Realism and Its Critics 5859: 5404:Lewkowicz, Nicolas (2010). 5307:Keohane, Robert O. (2020). 5218:Trueman, CN (22 May 2015), 4832:. New York, NY: Routledge. 3978:Dunn, Frederick S. (1948). 3501: 3392:International Monetary Fund 3058:United Nations headquarters 2844: 2553: 2504:international organizations 2330:Prominent scholars include 2311: 2057:new institutional economics 1924:International Monetary Fund 1693:was conferred in 1928. The 1689:, where the first research 1061:are the interactions among 53:international organizations 10: 7561: 7509:Peace and conflict studies 7125:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 6203: 5609:Snyder, Jack, ed. (2011). 4791:Alejandro, Audrey (2020). 4637:International Organization 4285:Potter, Pitman B. (1923). 4225:Abadía, Adolfo A. (2015). 3607:Peace and conflict studies 3424:International legal bodies 3252: 3133:international organization 3120: 3095:international organization 3082: 3068:International institutions 2630:hegemonic stability theory 2557: 2492:transnational corporations 2433: 2406: 2353: 2315: 2230: 2226: 2214:feminist poststructuralist 2144:International Organization 2110: 2066: 2028:international institutions 2016: 2010: 1886: 1880: 1766: 1762: 1751: 1745: 1697:, a collaboration between 1640:London School of Economics 1626:international organization 1297: 1273:In the inaugural issue of 1111:multinational corporations 1107:international legal bodies 990:Peace and conflict studies 897:Mutual assured destruction 130:Index of politics articles 25: 18: 7466: 7418: 7216: 7173: 7148: 7102: 7093: 7080: 6984: 6951: 6935: 6682: 6408: 6385: 6237:(9th Edition, 2008) 956pp 6235:World Politics since 1945 6187:, and Nicholas O. Berry. 6073:, Public Affairs Ltd 2004 5952:(1998) ch 16–19 pp 401–78 5871:(London: Heinemann, 1910) 5690:Rivault, Fabrice (1999). 5224:The History Learning Site 5074:10.1017/S0003055401003112 4973:Morganthau, Hans (1978). 4887:10.1007/978-3-030-49496-4 4631:Milner, Helen V. (1998). 4590:Pollack, Mark A. (2005). 4569:10.1080/01402389608425139 4493:"A History of Excellence" 4473:The University of Chicago 3764:"International Relations" 3740:"International Relations" 3647:Responsibility to protect 3485:European Court of Justice 3362:Eurasian Development Bank 2898:Graduate Institute Geneva 2500:non-governmental agencies 1741: 1596:. IR emerged as a formal 6274:Ideas and Foreign Policy 5903:The Twenty Years' Crisis 5375:10.1177/1354066106067345 4756:Vitalis, Robert (2015). 4340:Oren, Ido (2020-12-14). 4168:Ideas and Foreign Policy 3927:Encyclopaedia Britannica 3716:"International Politics" 3480:African Court of Justice 3472: 3417:World Trade Organization 3397:Islamic Development Bank 3357:African Development Bank 3146: 2958:International political 2429: 2024:Liberal institutionalism 2013:Liberal institutionalism 2007:Liberal institutionalism 1983:Major theorists include 1900:World Trade Organisation 1889:Liberal internationalism 1837:Major theorists include 1578:liberal internationalism 985:Non-aggression principle 943:Conflict style inventory 747:Nonviolent Communication 7535:International relations 7484:Foreign policy analysis 7296:International community 7074:International relations 6588:international relations 6244:The Twenty Years Crisis 6106:Man, the State, and War 5894:People, States and Fear 5006:Grieco, Joseph (2018). 4649:10.1162/002081898550743 4551:; Menon, Anand (1996). 4499:. Tufts. Archived from 4129:Nederman, Cary (2019). 3582:International community 3202:Eurasian Economic Union 3182:Commonwealth of Nations 3015:Southeast Asian studies 2812:Democratic peace theory 2767:UN Human Rights Council 2653:power transition theory 2548:South-South Cooperation 2409:Westphalian sovereignty 2383:Systemic level concepts 2141:, in a 1992 article in 2055:used insights from the 2019:Complex interdependence 1847:Charles P. Kindleberger 1558:democratic peace theory 1548:draws upon the work of 1420:. During the preceding 1263:international relations 1237:international relations 1219:and subsequent rise of 832:International relations 762:Speaking truth to power 539:Political organisations 302:International relations 140:Politics by subdivision 6915:Quantum social science 6225:A History of Diplomacy 6181:(Westview Press, 2010) 6164:Politics Among Nations 5887:The Anarchical Society 5880:(English edition 1966) 4826:Bilgin, Pinar (2016). 4557:West European Politics 3901:Ritsumeikan University 3441:Human Rights Committee 3352:Asian Development Bank 3341: 3320: 3107:international security 3064: 3038:Latin American studies 2984:Middle Eastern studies 2900: 2698: 2569: 1614:Alfred Eckhard Zimmern 1610:Aberystwyth University 1448:and the military. The 1352: 1284: 1261:In institutions where 1189:Aberystwyth University 1075:international politics 71: 56: 30:. For other uses, see 6952:Other categorizations 6805:International studies 6790:History of technology 6725:Communication studies 6608:public administration 6313:, Pluto Press, 2014, 6177:Rochester, J. Martin 5966:25.3 (1999): 475–491. 5964:International Studies 5941:Joshua S. Goldstein, 5929:International Affairs 5913:The Post-Modern State 5801:. SAGE Publications. 5349:International Regimes 5199:Oxford Bibliographies 4131:"Niccolò Machiavelli" 3326: 3311: 3304:Economic institutions 3237:Pacific Islands Forum 3051: 2990:Central Asian studies 2892: 2755:Amnesty International 2687: 2567: 2017:Further information: 1930:History of liberalism 1730:agreements, like the 1687:University of Chicago 1632:Georgetown University 1336:dressed according to 1331: 1279: 1241:international affairs 1134:public administration 1126:political methodology 1079:international affairs 1071:international studies 907:Nuclear proliferation 619:Political campaigning 359:Public administration 192:Collective leadership 62: 42: 7474:Comparative politics 6785:Historical sociology 6212:Beaulac, Stéphane. " 6161:Morgenthau, Hans J. 6123:Just and Unjust Wars 5767:. September 1, 2022. 5741:. Rossiyskaya Gazeta 5563:p. 1-8 Introduction. 4425:Quacquarelli Symonds 4244:10.36390/telos173.05 4068:Cambridge Dictionary 3841:Comparative politics 3798:Reiter, Dan (2015). 3545:Comparative politics 3402:New Development Bank 3111:economic development 3019:Indo-Pacific studies 2863:September 11 attacks 2496:liberation movements 2306:core–periphery model 2247:capital accumulation 1566:Francisco de Vitoria 1225:international system 1164:. There are several 1122:comparative politics 973:Paradox of tolerance 469:Separation of powers 340:Political psychology 315:Comparative politics 293:political scientists 280:Academic disciplines 160:Political philosophy 7256:Collective security 7140:United Nations (UN) 6965:Geisteswissenschaft 6959:Behavioral sciences 6885:Political sociology 6800:Information science 6745:Development studies 6292:Schroeder, Paul W. 6231:Calvocoressi, Peter 6029:John Maynard Keynes 5657:John Maynard Keynes 4497:The Fletcher School 4158:Stéphane Beaulac: " 3617:Political geography 3587:International order 3572:Extraterritoriality 3255:Collective security 3000:South Asian studies 2782:Copenhagen criteria 2736:Carl von Clausewitz 2257:for exports, while 2086:collective security 1622:Paul Samuel Reinsch 1606:University of Wales 1598:academic discipline 1414:Peace of Westphalia 1407:modern state system 1385:Niccolò Machiavelli 1251:field encompassing 902:Nuclear disarmament 801:Conflict escalation 778:Conflict management 682:Conflict resolution 642:Politics portal 491:Election commission 462:Government branches 345:Political sociology 197:Confessional system 135:Politics by country 43:In 2012 alone, the 7020:Society portal 6507:auxiliary sciences 6307:Van der Pijl, Kees 6261:Kissinger, Henry. 6185:Roskin, Michael G. 6046:Hans J. Morgenthau 5869:The Great Illusion 5711:2010-04-10 at the 5676:2011-03-06 at the 5583:978-1-845-45-746-4 3780:. 3 February 2020. 3695:www.britannica.com 3550:Diplomatic history 3342: 3340:in a NATO exercise 3321: 3065: 3023:Australian studies 2901: 2789:cultural diplomacy 2778:enlargement policy 2759:Human Rights Watch 2751:naming and shaming 2699: 2570: 2389:levels of analysis 2378:Levels of analysis 1851:Stephen D. Krasner 1804:History of realism 1703:Harvard University 1511:(5th century BC), 1501:(6th century BC), 1353: 1166:schools of thought 1020:Track II diplomacy 968:Prisoner's dilemma 938:Conflict continuum 933:Conflict avoidance 718:Dispute resolution 325:Political analysis 257:Semi-parliamentary 72: 57: 7522: 7521: 7494:International law 7363:Right of conquest 7328:National interest 7271:Deterrence theory 7169: 7168: 7156:League of Nations 7040: 7039: 6880:Political economy 6875:Political ecology 6730:Community studies 6720:Cognitive science 6683:Interdisciplinary 6583:Political science 5844:978-1-61163-129-6 5779:"African Studies" 5561:978-1-4725-0860-7 5467:, pp. 15–16. 5455:, pp. 14–15. 5443:, pp. 17–20. 5415:978-0-230-24812-0 4921:978-3-030-53014-3 4896:978-3-030-49495-7 4839:978-1-317-40730-0 4804:978-0-367-54010-4 4769:978-1-5017-0188-7 4701:978-0-19-084662-6 4534:978-1-139-44604-4 3850:978-0-19-882060-4 3720:Political Science 3652:Right of conquest 3192:Council of Europe 3103:international law 2944:diaspora politics 2914:explanatory power 2894:Maison de la Paix 2851:Thirty Years' War 2744:strategic studies 2702:Dependency theory 2662:A. F. K. Organski 2646:William Wohlforth 2470:national interest 2464:National interest 2371:Robert H. Jackson 2363:international law 2302:dependency theory 2296:Dependency theory 2259:decolonialization 2206:critical theories 2186:Peter Katzenstein 2155:international law 1974:international law 1786:Second World Wars 1679:League of Nations 1648:Philip Noel-Baker 1644:Nobel Peace Prize 1450:French Revolution 1430:Treaty of Utrecht 1426:Holy Roman Empire 1373:Peloponnesian War 1350:Thirty Years' War 1268:international law 1249:multidisciplinary 1245:political science 1118:political science 1056: 1055: 928:Anti-war movement 892:Nuclear blackmail 796:Communal violence 676: 675: 624:Political parties 564:Electoral systems 288:Political science 262:Semi-presidential 174:Political systems 150:Political history 145:Political economy 45:Palace of Nations 7552: 7514:Security studies 7306:Internationality 7301:Internationalism 7100: 7099: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7044: 7043: 7028: 7018: 7017: 7004: 7003: 6992: 6991: 6895:Regional science 6740:Cultural studies 6715:Business studies 6372: 6365: 6358: 6349: 6348: 6335: 6270:Judith Goldstein 6088:The Myth of 1648 6057:Reinhold Niebuhr 6037:John Mearsheimer 6017:Andrew Linklater 5969:James C. Hsiang 5848: 5823:Rorden Wilkinson 5818: 5816: 5815: 5783: 5782: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5715: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5681: 5671:Trinity Paper 33 5648: 5642: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5606: 5600: 5592: 5586: 5570: 5564: 5548: 5542: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5516: 5510: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5482:programs.fas.org 5474: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5358: 5352: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5328: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5220:"Woodrow Wilson" 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5180: 5171:. 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Doyle 1976:was advanced by 1946:world government 1871:John Mearsheimer 1699:Tufts University 1438:sovereign states 1383:, as well as by 1211:concerns of the 1197:Second World War 1130:political theory 1067:scientific study 1063:sovereign states 1048: 1041: 1034: 678: 677: 668: 661: 654: 640: 639: 430: 375: 330:Political theory 320:Election science 310: 296: 74: 73: 7560: 7559: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7462: 7453:Postcolonialism 7414: 7343:Non-state actor 7338:Non-belligerent 7333:Neutral country 7318:Interventionism 7251:Co-belligerence 7212: 7165: 7144: 7089: 7076: 7071: 7041: 7036: 7012: 6980: 6947: 6931: 6905:Science studies 6689:Administration 6678: 6404: 6381: 6379:Social sciences 6376: 6328: 6323: 6299:Taylor, A.J.P. 6285:Ringmar, Erik. 6246:(1940), 1919–39 6223:Black, Jeremy. 6208: 6202: 6197: 6141: 6129:Alexander Wendt 6025:Donald Markwell 5934:Robert Gilpin, 5925:Enloe, Cynthia. 5917:Robert W. Cox, 5862: 5845: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5791: 5786: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5759: 5758: 5754: 5744: 5742: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5713:Wayback Machine 5703: 5699: 5688: 5684: 5678:Wayback Machine 5663:Donald Markwell 5652:Donald Markwell 5649: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5589: 5571: 5567: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5531: 5524:www.amnesty.org 5518: 5517: 5513: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5486: 5484: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5463: 5459: 5451: 5447: 5439: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5416: 5402: 5398: 5359: 5355: 5346: 5342: 5305: 5301: 5270:10.2307/2010357 5250: 5246: 5241: 5237: 5228: 5226: 5216: 5212: 5203: 5201: 5191: 5187: 5178: 5176: 5153:10.2307/1960861 5137: 5133: 5128: 5124: 5117: 5101: 5097: 5058: 5054: 5038: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5004: 4997: 4988: 4986: 4971: 4967: 4959: 4957: 4946: 4942: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4908: 4904: 4897: 4873: 4869: 4859: 4855: 4840: 4824: 4820: 4805: 4789: 4785: 4770: 4754: 4750: 4713: 4709: 4702: 4676: 4672: 4629: 4625: 4588: 4584: 4549:Hurrell, Andrew 4546: 4542: 4535: 4519: 4515: 4506: 4504: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4477: 4475: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4453: 4451: 4443: 4442: 4438: 4429: 4427: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4385: 4381: 4338: 4334: 4303:10.2307/1944041 4283: 4276: 4223: 4219: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4178: 4174: 4157: 4153: 4144: 4142: 4127: 4123: 4114: 4112: 4103: 4099: 4090: 4086: 4077: 4075: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4044:on 20 July 2018 4032: 4031: 4027: 3996:10.2307/2009164 3976: 3969: 3960: 3958: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3936: 3934: 3919: 3915: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3881: 3879: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3851: 3837: 3833: 3796: 3785: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3748: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3724: 3722: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3700: 3698: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3612:Peace economics 3602:Multilateralism 3528: 3521: 3516:Politics portal 3514: 3507: 3504: 3499: 3475: 3470: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3306: 3301: 3257: 3251: 3246: 3149: 3125: 3119: 3087: 3081: 3076: 3046: 3033:Russian studies 2995:African studies 2980: 2972: 2887: 2847: 2831: 2806: 2798: 2714: 2682: 2670: 2668:Interdependence 2608:First World War 2562: 2556: 2540:Truman Doctrine 2536:Harry S. Truman 2516: 2487: 2466: 2438: 2432: 2411: 2405: 2385: 2380: 2358: 2352: 2320: 2314: 2298: 2270:critical theory 2255:captive markets 2235: 2229: 2202: 2194:Alexander Wendt 2190:Kathryn Sikkink 2174:Michael Barnett 2139:Alexander Wendt 2115: 2109: 2090:Stephen Krasner 2071: 2065: 2021: 2015: 2009: 1941:Perpetual Peace 1932: 1902:(WTO), and the 1891: 1885: 1879: 1855:Hans Morgenthau 1806: 1771: 1765: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1732:Paris Agreement 1707:Glendon College 1691:graduate degree 1616:and endowed by 1590: 1489:social sciences 1442:multilateralism 1326: 1296: 1253:global politics 1233: 1052: 980:Liaison officer 887:Nuclear warfare 871:Multilateralism 811:Just war theory 672: 634: 629: 628: 559: 558: 549: 548: 506: 505: 496: 495: 464: 463: 454: 453: 449:Public interest 434:Domestic policy 424: 417: 416: 405: 404: 369: 362: 361: 350: 349: 311: 304: 297: 290: 282: 281: 272: 271: 177: 176: 165: 164: 120: 119: 110: 79:Politics series 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7558: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7470: 7468: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7433:English school 7430: 7428:Constructivism 7424: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7398:Non-aggression 7395: 7390: 7385: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7179: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7106: 7104: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7070: 7069: 7062: 7055: 7047: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7034: 7022: 7010: 6998: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6961: 6955: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6848:social science 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6780:Global studies 6777: 6775:Gender studies 6772: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6758:social science 6754:Environmental 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6686: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6453:macroeconomics 6450: 6448:microeconomics 6440: 6439: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6375: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6340: 6327: 6326:External links 6324: 6322: 6321: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6277: 6266: 6259: 6247: 6238: 6228: 6221: 6220:Vol. 9 (2004). 6209: 6204:Main article: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6192: 6191:(8th ed. 2009) 6182: 6175: 6170:Nau, Henry R. 6168: 6159: 6158:(5th ed. 2010) 6152: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6126: 6120:Michael Walzer 6117: 6108: 6100: 6094:J. Ann Tickner 6091: 6082: 6074: 6065: 6054: 6043: 6034: 6022: 6014: 6004: 5997:Robert Keohane 5994: 5992:After Hegemony 5989:Robert Keohane 5986: 5977:Andrew Hurrell 5974: 5967: 5960: 5955:John H. Herz, 5953: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5922: 5915: 5907: 5896: 5890: 5881: 5872: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5849: 5843: 5830: 5819: 5807: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5770: 5765:www.soas.ac.uk 5752: 5725: 5716: 5697: 5682: 5643: 5634: 5621: 5601: 5587: 5565: 5543: 5529: 5511: 5502: 5493: 5469: 5457: 5445: 5433: 5421: 5414: 5396: 5369:(3): 307–340. 5353: 5340: 5299: 5264:(1): 226–254. 5258:World Politics 5244: 5235: 5210: 5185: 5131: 5122: 5116:978-0198782636 5115: 5095: 5068:(3): 547–560. 5052: 5023: 5016: 4995: 4965: 4940: 4936:Foreign Policy 4927: 4920: 4902: 4895: 4867: 4853: 4838: 4818: 4803: 4783: 4768: 4748: 4727:(1): 391–416. 4707: 4700: 4670: 4643:(4): 759–786. 4623: 4602:(1): 357–398. 4582: 4563:(2): 386–402. 4540: 4533: 4513: 4484: 4460: 4436: 4412: 4399: 4379: 4352:(3): 328–351. 4332: 4297:(3): 381–391. 4274: 4237:(3): 438–459. 4233:(in Spanish). 4217: 4212:www.aber.ac.uk 4199: 4172: 4151: 4121: 4097: 4084: 4055: 4025: 3990:(1): 142–146. 3984:World Politics 3967: 3943: 3913: 3903:. July 2, 2018 3888: 3864: 3849: 3831: 3810:(1): 481–499. 3783: 3769: 3755: 3731: 3707: 3682: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3547: 3542: 3541:, 1947 to 1991 3535: 3534: 3533: 3519: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3343: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3258: 3253:Main article: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3212:Group of Seven 3209: 3207:European Union 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3153: 3148: 3145: 3121:Main article: 3118: 3115: 3091:United Nations 3085:United Nations 3083:Main article: 3080: 3079:United Nations 3077: 3075: 3072: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2979: 2976: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2936:religious wars 2928: 2921: 2896:, home to the 2886: 2883: 2855:Islamic states 2846: 2843: 2830: 2827: 2805: 2802: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2785: 2774:European Union 2770: 2747: 2729: 2722: 2713: 2710: 2681: 2678: 2669: 2666: 2558:Main article: 2555: 2552: 2515: 2512: 2486: 2483: 2465: 2462: 2434:Main article: 2431: 2428: 2407:Main article: 2404: 2401: 2393:systemic level 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2354:Main article: 2351: 2348: 2344:J. Ann Tickner 2316:Main article: 2313: 2310: 2297: 2294: 2243:economic class 2231:Main article: 2228: 2225: 2201: 2198: 2111:Main article: 2108: 2107:Constructivism 2105: 2067:Main article: 2064: 2061: 2052:After Hegemony 2043:Robert Keohane 2039:John Ikenberry 2011:Main article: 2008: 2005: 1958:Woodrow Wilson 1931: 1928: 1896:United Nations 1881:Main article: 1878: 1875: 1805: 1802: 1767:Main article: 1764: 1761: 1746:Main article: 1743: 1740: 1589: 1586: 1498:The Art of War 1470:decolonization 1295: 1292: 1288:global studies 1275:World Politics 1232: 1229: 1205:Western Europe 1193:United Kingdom 1178:constructivism 1095:foreign policy 1054: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1043: 1036: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 976: 975: 970: 960: 955: 953:Family therapy 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 917: 916: 912: 911: 910: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 881: 880: 876: 875: 874: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 835: 834: 828: 827: 826: 825: 824: 823: 813: 808: 803: 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3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3256: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3157:African Union 3155: 3154: 3152: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3071: 3069: 3063: 3062:New York City 3059: 3055: 3050: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2801: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2677: 2675: 2674:globalization 2665: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2639:Kenneth Waltz 2635: 2631: 2627: 2626:Robert Gilpin 2623: 2621: 2617: 2616:Kenneth Waltz 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2566: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532:Eastern Blocs 2529: 2525: 2522:. During the 2521: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2336:Cynthia Enloe 2333: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2282:Robert W. Cox 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2135:policy makers 2132: 2131:state leaders 2128: 2124: 2120: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2097:Joseph Grieco 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2077:cooperation. 2075: 2074:Regime theory 2070: 2069:Regime theory 2063:Regime theory 2060: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2014: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989:Immanuel Kant 1986: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1962:Norman Angell 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1936:Immanuel Kant 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1909: 1908:world economy 1905: 1901: 1897: 1890: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1863:Robert Jervis 1860: 1859:Kenneth Waltz 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843:Robert Gilpin 1840: 1835: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1813:, written by 1812: 1811: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1790:United States 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1770: 1760: 1755: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1724: 1718: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1685:(CIR) at the 1684: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1403:nation-states 1401: 1397: 1393: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1291: 1289: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1247:or a broader 1246: 1242: 1238: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1221:globalization 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1201:North America 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1120:, along with 1119: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1005:Peacebuilding 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 995:Peace process 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 974: 971: 969: 966: 965: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 919: 918: 914: 913: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 883: 882: 878: 877: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 838: 837: 836: 833: 830: 829: 822: 819: 818: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 806:De-escalation 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 793: 792: 791: 788: 785: 784: 779: 776: 775: 774: 773: 769: 768: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 741: 738: 737: 736: 733: 729: 728:Collaborative 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 715: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 695: 694: 693: 690: 687: 686: 683: 680: 679: 669: 664: 662: 657: 655: 650: 649: 647: 646: 643: 638: 633: 632: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 602: 598: 594: 593: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 575: 572: 571: 570: 567: 565: 562: 561: 553: 552: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 521: 517: 514: 512: 509: 508: 500: 499: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 470: 467: 466: 458: 457: 450: 447: 445: 444:Civil society 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 428: 423: 422:Public policy 420: 419: 415: 409: 408: 398: 394: 390: 389: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 373: 368: 365: 364: 360: 354: 353: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 308: 303: 299: 294: 289: 285: 284: 276: 275: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 242:Parliamentary 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 227:Hybrid regime 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 179: 175: 169: 168: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 122: 114: 113: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 93: 91: 90: 87: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 70: 66: 61: 55:in the world. 54: 50: 46: 41: 37: 33: 29: 22: 7393:Multilateral 7323:Isolationism 7276:Expansionism 7073: 7029: 7005: 6993: 6963: 6804: 6770:Food studies 6710:Area studies 6587: 6463:mathematical 6458:econometrics 6416:Anthropology 6339:at Wikibooks 6310: 6300: 6293: 6279: 6273: 6262: 6254: 6243: 6234: 6224: 6217: 6188: 6178: 6171: 6162: 6155: 6146: 6131: 6122: 6113: 6105: 6096: 6087: 6079: 6070: 6059: 6048: 6039: 6027: 6019: 6010: 6007:Hans Köchler 6000: 5991: 5979: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5918: 5912: 5901: 5893: 5886: 5877: 5875:Raymond Aron 5868: 5852: 5834: 5826: 5812:. Retrieved 5797: 5789:Bibliography 5773: 5764: 5755: 5743:. Retrieved 5738: 5728: 5719: 5700: 5685: 5666: 5655: 5646: 5637: 5626:. Retrieved 5611: 5604: 5595: 5590: 5573: 5568: 5551: 5546: 5537: 5532: 5523: 5514: 5505: 5496: 5485:. Retrieved 5481: 5472: 5460: 5448: 5436: 5424: 5405: 5399: 5366: 5362: 5356: 5348: 5343: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5238: 5227:, retrieved 5223: 5213: 5202:. Retrieved 5198: 5195:"Liberalism" 5188: 5177:. Retrieved 5173:the original 5144: 5134: 5125: 5105: 5098: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5032: 5026: 5007: 4987:. Retrieved 4983:the original 4978: 4968: 4958:, retrieved 4953: 4943: 4935: 4930: 4911: 4905: 4877: 4870: 4862: 4856: 4828: 4821: 4793: 4786: 4758: 4751: 4724: 4720: 4710: 4683: 4673: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4599: 4595: 4585: 4560: 4556: 4543: 4523: 4516: 4505:. Retrieved 4501:the original 4496: 4487: 4476:. Retrieved 4472: 4463: 4452:. Retrieved 4448: 4439: 4428:. Retrieved 4424: 4415: 4404:. Retrieved 4389: 4382: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4294: 4290: 4234: 4230: 4220: 4211: 4202: 4190:. Retrieved 4185: 4182:"Liberalism" 4175: 4167: 4163: 4154: 4143:. Retrieved 4134: 4124: 4113:. Retrieved 4107: 4100: 4092: 4087: 4076:. Retrieved 4067: 4058: 4046:. Retrieved 4042:the original 4037: 4028: 3987: 3983: 3959:. Retrieved 3955: 3946: 3935:. Retrieved 3926: 3916: 3905:. Retrieved 3900: 3891: 3880:. Retrieved 3876: 3867: 3840: 3834: 3807: 3803: 3772: 3758: 3747:. Retrieved 3743: 3734: 3723:. Retrieved 3719: 3710: 3699:. Retrieved 3697:. 2024-07-24 3694: 3685: 3671: 3666: 3530:World portal 3429:Human rights 3333:flying with 3150: 3137:Muslim world 3131:(OIC) is an 3126: 3088: 3066: 2973: 2970:Area studies 2902: 2879:Confucianism 2848: 2832: 2821: 2810: 2807: 2799: 2700: 2671: 2650: 2643: 2624: 2597: 2586: 2582:great powers 2571: 2517: 2488: 2467: 2439: 2418: 2412: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2359: 2340:Sara Ruddick 2329: 2325: 2321: 2299: 2290:emancipation 2263: 2236: 2218: 2205: 2203: 2171: 2151: 2142: 2116: 2100: 2094: 2079: 2072: 2050: 2036: 2022: 2001:Helen Milner 1982: 1978:Hans Köchler 1970:human rights 1952:arose after 1940: 1933: 1916:World War II 1913: 1892: 1867:Stephen Walt 1836: 1832:human nature 1808: 1807: 1794:Soviet Union 1779: 1772: 1757: 1728: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1676: 1664:early modern 1630: 1618:David Davies 1591: 1570:Hugo Grotius 1543: 1536: 1526: 1518:Arthashastra 1516: 1506: 1496: 1482: 1478: 1463: 1435: 1411: 1388: 1354: 1334:Władysław IV 1285: 1280: 1274: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1209:geostrategic 1182: 1138:anthropology 1115: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1058: 1057: 1000:Peace treaty 851:Brinkmanship 831: 708:Conciliation 372:street-level 301: 247:Presidential 207:Dictatorship 77:Part of the 36: 7489:Geopolitics 7368:Sovereignty 7348:Imperialism 7261:Colonialism 7246:Appeasement 7161:Warsaw Pact 7031:Wikiversity 6922:Social work 6810:Linguistics 6735:Criminology 6652:criminology 6635:personality 6593:comparative 6571:Linguistics 6564:private law 6421:archaeology 6077:Paul Raskin 5943:Long Cycles 5884:Hedley Bull 5319:(1): 1–18. 3678:(in French) 3577:Geopolitics 3167:Arab League 3099:governments 3093:(UN) is an 2960:culturology 2925:bureaucracy 2875:Middle East 2804:Regime type 2740:war studies 2696:Afghanistan 2657:great power 2578:superpowers 2544:Warsaw Pact 2514:Power blocs 2475:Sudetenland 2403:Sovereignty 2367:Hedley Bull 2251:colonialism 1985:Montesquieu 1954:World War I 1819:Machiavelli 1796:during the 1612:), held by 1602:Aberystwyth 1562:natural law 1544:Similarly, 1533:Machiavelli 1485:World War I 1472:during the 1466:colonialism 1422:Middle Ages 1416:of 1648 in 1357:Barry Buzan 1348:during the 1231:Terminology 1015:Rule of man 1010:Peacemaking 963:Game theory 841:Appeasement 757:Negotiation 723:Rule of law 698:Arbitration 689:Nonviolence 511:Sovereignty 476:Legislature 379:Technocracy 367:Bureaucracy 232:Meritocracy 212:Directorial 7529:Categories 7443:Liberalism 7388:Friendship 7373:Suzerainty 6976:Humanities 6910:historical 6843:psychology 6815:Management 6657:demography 6615:Psychology 6598:philosophy 6559:public law 6490:integrated 6241:E. H. Carr 6068:Joseph Nye 5899:E. H. Carr 5814:2016-02-24 5628:2016-02-24 5487:2023-11-20 5204:2021-03-12 5179:2021-03-12 4989:2016-02-24 4960:2021-04-12 4813:1145913401 4507:2018-01-31 4478:2022-05-15 4454:2022-05-03 4430:2022-05-03 4406:2016-02-24 4145:2021-04-12 4115:2021-04-10 4078:2021-04-14 3961:2021-04-14 3937:2021-04-10 3907:2021-04-10 3882:2022-04-07 3877:Britannica 3859:1144813972 3749:2022-04-05 3725:2023-06-18 3701:2024-08-16 3659:References 3412:World Bank 3314:World Bank 2918:Groupthink 2835:status quo 2680:Dependency 2620:neorealism 2550:movement. 2538:under the 2446:soft power 2442:hard power 2415:Jean Bodin 2332:Carol Cohn 2165:, and the 2127:identities 2047:Joseph Nye 1966:E. H. Carr 1887:See also: 1877:Liberalism 1839:E. H. Carr 1815:Thucydides 1752:See also: 1574:John Locke 1546:liberalism 1538:The Prince 1503:Thucydides 1390:The Prince 1369:Thycydides 1298:See also: 1174:liberalism 1158:philosophy 866:Deterrence 601:Governance 591:Government 586:Federalism 187:City-state 69:Thucydides 67:historian 7479:Diplomacy 7383:Bilateral 7281:Grey-zone 7234:Coalition 7193:1919–1939 7188:1814–1919 7183:1648–1814 6854:Planning 6833:economics 6750:Education 6647:Sociology 6625:cognitive 6576:semiotics 6527:political 6485:technical 6470:Geography 6443:Economics 6263:Diplomacy 6139:Textbooks 5391:145406417 5383:1354-0661 5335:1094-2939 5278:1086-3338 5161:0003-0554 5090:144587521 5041:cite book 4848:953735190 4778:927444487 4665:145584969 4657:1531-5088 4618:1094-2939 4577:0140-2382 4374:230562181 4366:0955-7571 4327:153640855 4311:0003-0554 4261:147564996 4253:1317-0570 4020:145188338 4004:1086-3338 3826:1094-2939 2871:terrorism 2823:Communism 2816:democracy 2725:Sanctions 2718:Diplomacy 2454:diplomacy 2450:economics 2286:Ken Booth 1938:'s essay 1674:periods. 1528:Leviathan 1446:diplomacy 1400:sovereign 1185:antiquity 1162:sociology 1146:geography 1142:economics 1105:(INGOs), 1087:diplomacy 948:Democracy 861:Diplomacy 856:Ceasefire 846:Armistice 770:Workplace 735:Mediation 581:Unitarism 569:Elections 557:Subseries 486:Judiciary 481:Executive 384:Adhocracy 267:Theocracy 222:Feudalism 202:Democracy 7545:Politics 7438:Feminism 7291:Idealism 7286:Hegemony 7239:Military 7224:Alliance 7217:Concepts 7203:Cold War 7085:Glossary 6995:Category 6863:regional 6858:land use 6693:business 6662:internet 6620:abnormal 6522:military 6512:economic 6502:cultural 6475:physical 6436:physical 6426:cultural 5745:16 March 5709:Archived 5674:Archived 5294:37411035 4139:Archived 4072:Archived 4048:14 March 3931:Archived 3673:Le Temps 3539:Cold War 3502:See also 2940:diaspora 2845:Religion 2634:Hegemony 2612:Cold War 2600:polarity 2574:Cold War 2554:Polarity 2524:Cold War 2520:polarity 2508:Al-Qaeda 2458:cultural 2424:Iraq War 2312:Feminism 2304:and the 2249:. 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