58:(SM). An SMO is usually only a part of a particular social movement; in other words, a specific social movement is usually composed of many social movement organizations – formal organizations that share the movement's goals. Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in social movements, but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants, who are part of a wider
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An organizational equivalent of a particular social movement – a collection of all SMOs focused on a given field – is known as a Social
Movement Industry (SMI). Social Movement Industries are similar to social movements in scope but are seen as having more structure. Social movement industries can be
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lifestyles along with its other aims. But PETA is not the only group to advocate for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, the social movement is the general push toward veganism (an effort with numerous motivations) and PETA is only a
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Crabtree, Charity. "Where
Culture, Structure, and the Individual Meet: A Social Movement Organization in Action" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Marriott Hotel, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 12, 2005
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SMOs are generally seen as the components of a social movement. The movement's goals can be much more narrow, or much broader, than the SMOs' goals.
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62:. Social movement organizations carry out the tasks that are necessary for any social movement to survive and to be successful.
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Social Forces 44:327-341, 1966). In social movement theory, a social movement organization is an organized component of a
82:(NAACP). These are just three SMOs amongst the hundreds of organizations that helped shape the civil rights movement.
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Maurer, Donna. 2002. Vegetarianism: Movement or Moment? Philadelphia: Temple
University Press.
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Social
Movement Organizations: A Metaphor for Strategic Actors in Institutional Fields
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organizations and individuals, is another example of a social movement organization.
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was a social movement composed of specific social movement organizations such as the
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Social
Movement Industries: Competition and Cooperation Among Movement Organizations
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is composed of many groups that want peace – groups that classify as SMOs such as
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A Model for
Analyzing the Strategic Options of Social Movement Organizations
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The Pro-choice
Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict
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176:; American Sociological Association. Section on Social Psychology (1981).
381:, Chrysalis: A Magazine of Women's Culture, No. 5, 1978, pp. 43–51.
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Social
Movement Organizations: Guide to Research on Insurgent Realities
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412:, Social Forces, Vol. 44, No. 3 (Mar., 1996), pp. 327–341,
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Similarly we can consider
Veganism, where organizations such as
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Poor People's Social
Movement Organizations: The Goal is to Win
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Social Movements in an Organizational Society: Collected Essays
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Image Politics: The New Rhetoric of Environmental Activism
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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combined into one Social Movement Sector in the society.
78:(SNCC), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the
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Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change.
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Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change
388:, Organization Studies, Vol. 24, No. 3, 355-381 (2003)
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single SMO working within the broader social movement.
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Policy Guide: Studying a Social Movement Organization
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CRISES AND CONFLICTS IN SOCIAL MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS
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The term SMO entered literature through the work of
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396:The Social Movements Reader: Cases and Concepts
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113:is yet another SMO – part of the
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408:Mayer N. Zald and Roberta Ash,
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129:Social Movement Industry (SMI)
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60:social movement community
422:, 1979, working paper,
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332:Suzanne Staggenborg,
72:civil rights movement
346:Google Print, p. 189
89:(PETA) advocate for
312:, Routledge, 2005,
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