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In Canada, the
Radiocommunication Act states that it is illegal to intercept private radio communications with the intent to divulge or use any information obtained in the interception. This applies to any attempts to listen to emergency services radios and police radios. Additionally, there are
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manage their own radio communications, which are officially limited to their respective jurisdictions but are capable of being used nationwide if necessary. Individual officers communicate with radio operators in nearby police stations, while police vehicles communicate with their prefectural
224:. To follow FCC regulations, KOP was described as an "entertainment station"; to fulfill this, KOP was made publicly accessible, and music was broadcast between descriptions of stolen vehicles and crime reports. The first two-way police radio system was implemented by the
246:
Police radio systems historically used public radio frequencies, and listening to them was, for the most part, legal. Most modern police radio systems switched to encrypted radio systems in the 1990s and 2000s to prevent eavesdroppers from listening in.
201:, or hitting things to make sounds. This meant that properly calling for assistance, reporting an incident or arrest, being dispatched to handle a crime, or requesting police resources was only possible if the officer reached a telephone or call box.
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Popkess paired this use of police radios with his simultaneous development of increased use of police cars for patrol purposes stating that “There can be no real mobility unless are closely related, and each is as efficient as we can make it”.
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introduced in the 1960s made radio communications widely accessible to all officers. Early portable radios were heavy and had short battery life, an issue that gradually disappeared as technology advanced.
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It is generally legal in the United States to listen to unencrypted police communications, though some states and municipalities prohibit carrying receivers within vehicles.
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Due to their cost and size, early police radio systems were only used in police cars and buildings; officers on foot patrol still had to rely on telephones and call boxes.
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In
Germany, it is illegal for private citizens to listen to police radio, even if it is unintentional. Offenders can be punished with up to two years in prison or a fine.
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interference but still used by state highway patrols; the VHF "hi-band", from 150–160 MHz; and various UHF bands. Many systems still use conventional
380:
assigns licenses to these entities in the public safety (PP and PX) allotments of the spectrum. These include allocations in the lower portion of the
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analog or digital systems. Recently, there has been a move towards digital trunked systems, especially those based around the public-safety standard
162:
Most modern police radio systems are encrypted, and many jurisdictions have made listening to police radio frequencies as a private citizen illegal.
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in the early 1930s, with trials commencing in 1931, and the results published in a 1933–1934 series of articles. These experiments concluded that
309:
In Norway, it was historically legal for private citizens to listen to police radio frequencies. However, this is no longer possible, as the
558:
738:
The
Greatest Policeman? A biography of Capt. Athelstan Popkess CBE, OStJ, Chief Constable of Nottingham City Police 1930–1959
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Some states operate statewide radio networks with varying levels of participation from police on the county and city levels:
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420:, the standard in many European countries as well as other places in the world, is virtually unused in the United States.
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337:, due to better signal reception, less chances of interception, and messages being just as quick to send and receive by
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police in 1933. The FCC briefly prohibited police radio communications in 1934, but rescinded their decision in 1935.
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197:, or physical meetings. Calling for help or signaling other officers could only be done by shouting, using a
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to listen to police radio in the UK. The move from open analogue to the encrypted digital airwave system (
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850:"Idaho Cooperative Agencies Wireless Interoperable Network (ICAWIN) Trunking System, Statewide, Idaho"
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636:"Everything you wanted to know about cellular radiotelephones and privacy... but were afraid to ask!"
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In Japan, police radio frequencies are encrypted and are illegal for civilians to access.
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Before police radio systems were first implemented, police officers assigned to their
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police's communications command centers, located at prefectural police headquarters.
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Popkess, Athelstan (1 January 1933). "Pursuit by wireless: The value of mobility".
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404:. A minority of other police radio systems, the largest examples being the
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Idaho: Idaho
Cooperative Agencies Wireless Interoperable Network (ICAWIN)
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to communicate with one another. Police radio systems almost always use
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Michigan Public Safety Communications System (MPSCS)
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Interoperable System for Communications (WISCOM)
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In Japan, police radio communication regulation is managed by the
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502:"The evolution of police communications (and what's still ahead)"
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set up a one-way radio system to broadcast crime information to
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In the United
Kingdom, police radios were pioneered largely by
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661:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Radiocommunication Act"
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Minnesota: Allied Radio Matrix for
Emergency Response (ARMER)
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559:"The First Police Radio Stopped Bootleggers in Their Tracks"
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Louisiana: Louisiana
Wireless Information Network (LWIN)
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spectrum (around 39–45 MHz), highly susceptible to
583:"Bayonne Police Department, New Jersey :: Welcome"
607:"Milestones:Two-Way Police Radio Communication, 1933"
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The Police Journal: Theory, Practice, and Principles
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Montana: Montana Public Safety Communications System
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often run their own systems in parallel, presenting
713:"Police Info-Communications - Police Radio Systems"
239:Modern police radio systems are often augmented by
204:The first police radio systems were implemented in
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
313:switched to "Nødnett", an encrypted radio system.
185:could only communicate with police command using
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451:Ohio: Multi-agency communications system (MARCS)
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273:prohibitions on certain radio scanner devices.
243:to effectively manage units and assignments.
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151:systems to allow for communications between
659:Branch, Legislative Services (2017-09-21).
392:transmissions for most traffic; others are
563:Technology Solutions That Drive Government
364:In the United States, police departments,
16:Radio communication systems used by police
825:"Guidance on receive-only radio scanners"
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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684:Government of Canada (1996-10-26).
634:Government of Canada (1997-09-29).
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831:. spectrum-enforcement. 2014-08-17
533:"History of Police Communications"
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216:. The frequency was assigned the
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323:Captain Athelstan Popkess
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145:law enforcement agencies
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408:Police Department and
341:-proficient officers.
327:Nottingham City Police
291:National Police Agency
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736:Andrews, Tom (2020).
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448:North Carolina: VIPER
366:sheriff's departments
261:Bavarian State Police
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241:mobile data terminals
175:Liverpool City Police
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43:improve this article
331:wireless telegraphy
226:Bayonne, New Jersey
804:legislation.gov.uk
665:laws.justice.gc.ca
400:format set by the
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333:was preferable to
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906:. Retrieved
903:sitsd.mt.gov
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
481:Police code
214:police cars
157:dispatchers
923:Categories
908:2022-10-30
884:2022-10-30
879:dps.mn.gov
835:2014-08-17
810:2014-08-17
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487:References
471:Dispatcher
430:Illinois:
398:Project 25
251:By country
191:call boxes
143:and other
69:newspapers
786:148826051
772:(1): 31.
432:StarCom21
406:Milwaukee
263:, Germany
218:call sign
99:July 2017
465:See also
416:format.
414:OpenSky
394:trunked
325:of the
277:Germany
206:Detroit
199:whistle
166:History
83:scholar
859:29 May
784:
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386:"skip"
368:, and
305:Norway
268:Canada
141:police
85:
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782:S2CID
418:TETRA
354:TETRA
339:Morse
285:Japan
137:radio
135:is a
90:JSTOR
76:books
861:2023
742:ISBN
611:ETHW
183:beat
155:and
62:news
774:doi
382:VHF
45:by
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