199:
sub-divisions, which were completed in
December 1929 and January 1930 respectively. Their success resulted in the widespread adoption of the system throughout Greater London over the next eight years using newer models of the Mackenzie Trench design now made completely of concrete for increased durability, save the doors, which were still made of teak. Constables complained that the concrete boxes were extremely cold and damp compared to their wooden predecessors, so provisions were made for more powerful heaters. For use by officers, the interiors of the boxes normally contained a stool, a table with drawer, a brush and duster, a fire extinguisher, a first aid kit, and a small electric heater. Like the 19th and early 20th century Glaswegian boxes, the London police boxes had a light at the top of each box, which would flash as a signal to police officers indicating that they should contact the station.
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628:
217:
644:
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163:
738:
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272:
208:
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29:
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members of the public would be allowed access to the telephone in case of emergency using a special key that was registered to them, which would remain trapped in the lock until released by a master key carried by a policeman. A newer, rectangular type of cast-iron police box was introduced in
Glasgow in 1912, but with the signal light now powered by electricity rather than gas, and access to the telephone now restricted solely to the police.
124:
60:, or for members of the public to contact the police. It was used in some countries, most widely in the United Kingdom throughout the 20th century from the early 1920s. Unlike an ordinary callbox, its telephone was located behind a hinged door so it could be used from the outside by anyone, and the interior of the box was, in effect, a miniature
236:
the provincial police forces throughout Great
Britain. The design and construction of the police boxes used in each system were at the discretion of each individual force, and consequently varied a great deal from location to location, but the police pillars/posts were usually one of three successive models provided by the
315:(at the corner of Royal Bank Place); Wilson Street (at the intersection of Glassford Street, completely restored); one on Sauchiehall street at the junction with West Nile Street and one near the corner of Cathedral Square (at the corner of Castle Street, also restored). There was also a red police box preserved in the
198:
Initially, two competing prototype designs were installed on the newly built
Becontree Estate in December 1928, with the winning builder being contracted to erect 43 boxes made of wood with concrete roofs in the final Trench pattern as part of experimental installations in the Richmond and Wood Green
557:
followed suit. These were direct line telephones usually placed inside a metal box on a post which could often be accessed by a key or breaking a glass panel. In
Chicago, the telephones were restricted to police use, but the boxes also contained a dial mechanism which members of the public could use
319:
but this was returned to the Civil
Defence Trust after Glasgow City Council decided it did not fit in with the new Transport Museum. The police boxes in Glasgow on Great Western Road, Cathedral Square, and Buchanan Street are currently under licence to a Glasgow-based coffee outlet. As of 2009, only
138:
boxes were painted red and had large gas lanterns fixed to the roof, as well as a mechanism which enabled the central police station to light the lanterns as signals to police officers in the vicinity to call the station for instructions. As with
Chicago's boxes, the original intent was that trusted
298:
decided to scrap the remaining
Glasgow police boxes. However, owing to the intervention of the Civil Defence & Emergency Service Preservation Trust and the Glasgow Building Preservation Trust, some police boxes were retained and remain today as part of Glasgow's architectural heritage. At least
235:
By 1953, there were 685 police boxes on the streets of
Greater London, with an additional 72 smaller police posts, also designed by Trench, used in the inner divisions where there was no space for the larger kiosks. Between 1923 and 1960 the police box and/or post system had been adopted by most of
424:
Glasgow introduced a new design of police boxes in 2005. The new boxes are not booths but rather computerized kiosks that connect the caller to a police CCTV control room operator. They stand 10 feet in height with a chrome finish and act as 24-hour information points, with three screens providing
150:
in 1925 when he took over as Chief
Constable there. Crawley was arguably the first proponent (at least in Britain) of the concept of the police box as a miniature police station rather than just a communications point, including unrestricted access to the telephone by the general public for
243:
Police boxes continued to play an important role in police work until the late 1960s to early 1970s, when they were phased out following the introduction of personal radios. As the main functions of the boxes were superseded by the rise of portable telecommunications devices like the
71:
officers to keep in contact with the station, reporting anything unusual or requesting help if necessary. A light on top of the box would flash to alert an officer that they were requested to contact the station. Police boxes were usually blue, with the most notable exception being
320:
the Great Western Road and Buchanan Street boxes have been transformed to dispense beverages, and restrictions are enforced by the Civil Defence & Emergency Service Preservation Trust to prevent the exterior of the boxes from being modified beyond the trademarked design.
713:
151:
contacting police, ambulance, and fire services. His well-publicised success with these boxes, and the revised policing methods they allowed, soon led to the adoption of similar police box systems in many of the larger cities in the north of England, including
1507:"IN THE MATTER OF Application No. 2104259 by The British Broadcasting Corporation to register a series of three marks in Classes 9, 16, 25 and 41 AND IN THE MATTER OF Opposition thereto under No. 48452 by The Metropolitan Police Authority"
752:
768:
338:
The Civil Defence & Emergency Service Preservation Trust now manages 11 of the UK's last Gilbert Mackenzie Trench police boxes on behalf of a private collector. Another blue police box of this style is preserved at the
445:
in Bournemouth opened its own old-style police box in April 2014 in a bid to tackle crime in the area. The box contains a yellow phone for when it is not staffed by police, along with security cameras and a defibrillator.
438:
Liverpool has structures similar to police boxes, known as police Help Points, which are essentially an intercom box with a push button mounted below a CCTV camera on a post with a direct line to the police.
452:
launched in February 2021 a competition to bring a back a new and updated police box to its streets. Whether if these new boxes will have any similarity to the old London police boxes remains to be seen.
190:, in 1929. Between 1929 and 1938 around 1,000 examples of the Mackenzie Trench police box were installed. They measured 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m) tall, and 4 ft 6 in (1.37 m) wide.
520:
ruled in favour of the BBC, arguing that there was no evidence that the Metropolitan Policeâor any other police forceâhad ever registered the image as a trademark. In addition, the BBC had been selling
573:
643:
525:
based on the image for over three decades without complaint by the police. The series was revived in 2005, and the police box continues to feature prominently in almost every episode.
283:
when its old cast-iron police boxes were replaced by an expanded Crawley type of integrated police box system. This was done as part of the restructuring of the force brought about by
260:, though the city also has dozens that remain untouched â most in various states of disrepair. Edinburgh's boxes are relatively large, and are of a rectangular plan, with a design by
186:(Met) introduced police boxes throughout London between 1928 and 1937, and the design that later became the most well-known was created by the Met's own surveyor and architect,
627:
386:
versions were cast iron rectangular posts, as the streets are too narrow for full sized boxes. One compartment contained the telephone and another locked compartment held a
1816:
500:, disguised as a Mackenzie Trench-style police box. As police boxes were phased out in the 1970s, over time the image of the blue police box became associated as much with
287:
after he was appointed Chief Constable at the end of 1931. Like the cast-iron boxes before them, the new concrete boxes continued to be painted red until the popularity of
1588:
592:
1472:
304:
545:
in 1880, initially housed in kiosks to protect the inner signal boxes from the weather and to limit access to them so as to discourage false alarms. In 1883,
693:
1773:
1046:
431:
also has Help Points similar to those in Glasgow, which contain a siren that is activated upon the emergency button being pressed; this also causes
417:
were changed, but the box remained, despite the fact that funding for its upkeep and maintenance had long since been exhausted. In March 2005, the
1247:
1846:
1301:
1014:
1663:
1114:
677:
1861:
788:
737:
1365:
268:. At their peak there were 86 scattered around the city. In 2012, Lothian and Borders Police sold a further 22, leaving them owning 20.
64:
for use by police officers to read and fill in reports, take meal breaks and temporarily hold detainees until the arrival of transport.
611:
1037:
662:
1707:
1574:
970:
when talking about British icons which are nearing extinction there isn't anything quite as rare or as famous as the blue police box
1426:
414:
1271:
1605:
654:
76:, where they were red until the late 1960s. In addition to a telephone, they contained equipment such as an incident book, a
1480:
1454:
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1059:
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1734:
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1841:
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216:
1149:
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patented the telephone. Call boxes for use by both police and trusted members of the public were first installed in
249:
1558:
1539:
1329:
512:. In 1998, the Metropolitan Police filed an objection to the trademark claim, maintaining that they owned the
1779:
99:
1513:
1476:
669:
517:
406:
398:
67:
The typical British police box contained a telephone linked directly to the local police station, allowing
33:
405:
On Thursday 18 April 1996, a new police box based on the Mackenzie Trench design was unveiled outside the
724:
584:
316:
19:
This article is about British and American police boxes. For Japanese neighbourhood police stations, see
1043:"Decentralization and the Police Box System", by Frederick James Crawley; Police Journal, Vol. 1 (1928).
413:
cameras and a telephone to contact police. The telephone ceased to function in April 2000 when London's
1701:
1690:
779:
128:
1851:
1806:
1612:
410:
279:
Beginning in 1933, a slightly simplified version of the Met's police box design was also used by the
265:
143:
98:
in 1929, became Britain's most recognisable police boxes. The blue police box is associated with the
985:
720:
359:, and another at Grampian Transport Museum. An original MacKenzie Trench box exists outside of the
187:
95:
37:
1305:
134:
The first public police telephones in Britain appeared in Glasgow in 1891. These tall, hexagonal,
1836:
340:
167:
1022:
1831:
1506:
1431:
522:
280:
1179:
955:"Doctor Who: Thirteen TARDIS-like police boxes left standing in the UK and where to find them"
178:. Between 1929 and 1938 approximately 1,000 of these were built, with 685 installed in London.
1375:
833:
728:
700:
538:
513:
476:
383:
261:
86:
271:
162:
1397:
390:. Fifty posts were installed in the "Square Mile" from 1907; they were in use until 1988.
8:
1856:
1713:
1347:
1122:
828:
759:
598:
472:
418:
360:
237:
183:
147:
91:
378:, there are eight non-functioning police "call posts" still in place which are Grade II
123:
1085:
352:
295:
229:
in London was constructed in the base of the lamp plinth. Today it is used for storage.
108:
1762:
1750:
1645:
1632:
1592:
1279:
1066:
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to signal different types of alarms via telegraph: there were 11 signals, including "
77:
1616:
127:
An 1894 advertisement for the "Glasgow Style Police Signal Box System", sold by the
1564:"History of the Chicago Police", John Joseph Flinn & John Elbert Wilkie (1887).
546:
534:
425:
information on crime prevention, police force recruitment and tourist information.
379:
226:
1669:
1126:
813:
762:. It is still used as a post for city ambassadors, providing tourist information.
312:
275:
A slightly modified Mackenzie Trench police box, coloured red, as seen in Glasgow
207:
49:
467:
449:
375:
284:
252:, very few police boxes remain in Britain today. Some have been converted into
225:
This police box (left, pictured in the late 1920s) at the south east corner of
61:
1695:
1684:
562:
Required", "Thieves", "Forgers", "Murder", "Accident", "Fire" and "Drunkard".
1825:
1740:
1589:"Calls to preserve historic former police box hidden on the edge of Dewsbury"
1543:
1225:
684:
602:
387:
356:
245:
81:
1807:
Police Public Call Box. A guide to see real life Police Boxes around the UK
902:
493:
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364:
331:
253:
28:
823:
559:
488:
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348:
327:
323:
308:
175:
152:
142:
Rectangular, wooden, garden shed style police boxes were introduced in
103:
1157:
704:
650:
634:
618:
580:
505:
257:
156:
135:
1402:
1370:
1065:"The Rise and Fall of the Police Box", John Bunker (October 2011).
990:
795:
508:
to use the blue police box design in merchandising associated with
442:
300:
808:
248:
and the near universal access by the public to telephones and the
20:
775:
744:
550:
542:
73:
53:
1757:â set devoted to tracking down remaining Edinburgh police boxes.
1276:
Civil Defence & Emergency Service Preservation Trust website
1811:
554:
497:
462:
368:
112:
68:
57:
1787:
421:
resumed funding the refurbishment and maintenance of the box.
583:, Maryland; based on the British concept and operated by the
344:
171:
146:
in 1923 by Chief Constable Frederick J. Crawley, and then in
1797:
1729:
over the years, and their relationship to real police boxes.
1455:"Police Boxes for the digital age set to return our streets"
330:
police box manufactured in the 1940s by British toy company
432:
166:
A 1929 Mackenzie Trench design police box preserved at the
885:
The blue boxes were once a common sight across the country
778:
police box (red variation of a Mackenzie Trench) near the
483:
758:
A 1929 police box that stands on Surrey Street, outside
1778:(news), UK: The BBC, 1 September 2005, archived from
504:as with the police. In 1996, the BBC applied for a
1725:â a guide to the various police box props used in
1575:"Why S.F. still counts on street fire alarm boxes"
870:"Huddersfield's Tardis police box is on the move!"
553:installed police call boxes in 1884, and in 1885,
1823:
1427:"Police box Tardis pulls the crowds at Boscombe"
1761:Steven, Michael âMikeâ, "Police Box Typology",
980:
978:
36:in London, built in 1996 and based on the 1929
605:, California; one of 2,040 and 460 in the city
351:. One of the trust's boxes stands outside the
264:, who was inspired by the city's abundance of
291:prompted a change to blue in the late 1960s.
1536:"Time and Registered Documentation in Space"
1500:
1498:
1248:"Police box sale could give blues to buyers"
1080:
1078:
975:
864:
862:
860:
533:The first police telephone was installed in
1768:â fine art policebox photographic typology.
1606:"The Police Signal Box: A 100 Year History"
1119:History of the Metropolitan Police Services
896:
435:cameras nearby to focus on the Help Point.
1772:"Earliest Glasgow police box discovered",
719:Police telephone post (not functional) at
1495:
1366:"The Earl's Court Police Box, London, UK"
1266:
1264:
1215:
1075:
1006:
941:The Police Signal Box: A 100 Year History
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
857:
1424:
1418:
1211:
1209:
743:A Mackenzie Trench design police box in
466:
392:
322:
270:
161:
122:
115:, is disguised as a British police box.
27:
1733:McPherson, Ian, "The Police Box page",
1603:
1824:
1533:
1261:
1172:
1141:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1012:
917:
516:to the police box image. In 2002, the
1847:Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
1732:
1668:, Metropolitan Police, archived from
1473:"Case details for Trade Mark 2104259"
1452:
1206:
731:' boxes were painted in a light blue.
723:, London â painted (incorrectly) in '
655:2014 Scottish independence referendum
1749:"The Great Edinburgh TARDIS Quest",
683:An old police box (no telephone) in
100:science fiction television programme
1697:A feature on Glasgow's police boxes
1629:The Rise and Fall of the Police Box
1100:
938:
899:"A Brief History of the Police Box"
84:. Labelled a "British icon" by the
13:
1862:History of the Metropolitan Police
1760:
1504:
1398:"Police box offering hi-tech help"
1374:. 23 November 2006. Archived from
1180:"A History of the Real Police Box"
1147:
653:police box with graffiti from the
486:science-fiction television series
14:
1873:
1793:â catalogue of police box models.
1655:
1453:Evans, Martin (1 February 2021).
1327:
1302:"Kent Police Museum - Police Box"
794:A rare brick-built police box in
256:coffee bars. These are common in
118:
1604:Stewart, Robert W. (June 1994).
1534:Winter, Paul (24 October 2002).
1461:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
1425:Frampton, Will (18 April 2014).
1334:www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
839:
787:
767:
751:
736:
712:
692:
676:
668:A police box on the seafront at
661:
642:
626:
610:
591:
572:
528:
456:
397:A Mackenzie Trench preserved at
215:
206:
1644:, John Bunker (November 1988).
1581:
1567:
1540:Doctor Who Appreciation Society
1527:
1465:
1446:
1390:
1358:
1340:
1321:
1294:
1240:
1197:
475:used from 2010 to 2017 seen at
1631:, John Bunker (October 2011).
947:
890:
56:for the use of members of the
1:
1330:"Listed Buildings in England"
1086:"The story of the Police Box"
986:"BBC wins police Tardis case"
851:
637:now serves as an art gallery.
1802:, Crich, Derbyshire, ENG, UK
782:serving as a hemp dispensary
621:now serves as a coffee shop.
399:Portsmouth Historic Dockyard
7:
1352:www.london-footprints.co.uk
802:
585:Baltimore Police Department
317:Glasgow Museum of Transport
10:
1878:
1686:The Police Public Call Box
780:Glasgow Royal Concert Hall
565:
549:installed its own system;
460:
334:, based on the mk1 design.
193:
129:National Telephone Company
18:
1842:Law enforcement equipment
1613:University of Strathclyde
409:in London, equipped with
407:Earl's Court tube station
266:neoclassical architecture
34:Earl's Court tube station
537:in 1877, one year after
188:Gilbert Mackenzie Trench
96:Gilbert Mackenzie Trench
38:Gilbert Mackenzie Trench
16:Type of public telephone
1799:National Tramway Museum
1755:, Yahoo!, 5 August 2005
1348:"Law & Order route"
1216:McPherson, Ian (2004).
601:and police call box in
579:A modern police box in
341:National Tramway Museum
168:National Tramway Museum
1432:Bournemouth Daily Echo
479:
402:
335:
303:(at the junction with
281:City of Glasgow Police
276:
179:
131:
41:
1218:"The Police Box Page"
1088:. Telephone Box.co.uk
846:Telephones portal
834:Royal Mile police box
721:St. Martin's Le Grand
701:City of London Police
539:Alexander Graham Bell
477:BBC Television Centre
470:
396:
384:City of London Police
326:
299:five remain—on
274:
262:Ebenezer James MacRae
165:
126:
32:A police box outside
31:
1817:Police Box locations
1642:From Rattle to Radio
1595:. 28 September 2021.
1156:. UK. Archived from
1015:"Police Box History"
305:Queen Margaret Drive
250:999 emergency number
1782:on 23 December 2006
1123:Metropolitan Police
1013:Darrington, Peter.
905:on 23 December 2017
829:Fire alarm call box
760:Sheffield Town Hall
633:This police box in
617:This police box in
419:Metropolitan Police
361:Metropolitan Police
238:General Post Office
184:Metropolitan Police
94:boxes, designed by
92:Metropolitan Police
1812:The Police Box Map
1743:on 22 January 2007
1709:The TARDIS Library
1672:on 8 November 2008
1577:. 7 February 2012.
1546:on 21 October 2004
1378:on 24 January 2013
1318:Kent Police Museum
1308:on 25 January 2010
1272:"The Police Boxes"
1228:on 22 January 2007
1148:Burton, Immanuel.
1129:on 8 November 2008
1019:Police Box Website
874:Yorkshire Examiner
480:
403:
353:Kent Police Museum
336:
301:Great Western Road
296:Strathclyde Police
277:
180:
132:
42:
1622:on 13 March 2005.
1593:Dewsbury Reporter
994:. 23 October 2002
897:Immanuel Burton.
819:Red telephone box
415:telephone numbers
78:fire extinguisher
1869:
1852:Street furniture
1803:
1792:
1783:
1767:
1756:
1744:
1739:, archived from
1724:
1723:
1721:
1716:on 18 April 2017
1712:, archived from
1698:
1687:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1623:
1621:
1615:. Archived from
1610:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1542:. Archived from
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1514:UK Patent Office
1511:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1479:. Archived from
1477:UK Patent Office
1469:
1463:
1462:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1406:. 24 August 2005
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1304:. Archived from
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1282:on 30 April 2001
1278:. Archived from
1268:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1224:. Archived from
1213:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1125:. Archived from
1111:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1082:
1073:
1063:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1021:. Archived from
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
982:
973:
972:
967:
965:
951:
945:
943:
936:
915:
914:
912:
910:
901:. Archived from
894:
888:
887:
882:
880:
866:
844:
843:
842:
791:
771:
755:
740:
716:
696:
680:
665:
646:
630:
614:
595:
576:
547:Washington, D.C.
535:Albany, New York
380:listed buildings
227:Trafalgar Square
219:
210:
111:time machine, a
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1822:
1821:
1796:
1786:
1771:
1748:
1719:
1717:
1706:
1696:
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1675:
1673:
1661:
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1619:
1608:
1600:
1587:
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1582:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1483:on 29 June 2012
1471:
1470:
1466:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1326:
1322:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1184:The Mind Robber
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1160:on 4 March 2010
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1064:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1025:on 26 July 2012
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
984:
983:
976:
963:
961:
959:Plymouth Herald
953:
952:
948:
937:
918:
908:
906:
895:
891:
878:
876:
868:
867:
858:
854:
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