504:, the head of the EMB, permission to use the recipe in a publication in the following November. The royal chef, Henry Cédard, provided it. In order to distribute the recipe, the EMB had to overcome two challenges: size and ingredients. First, the original recipe was measured to serve 40 people, including the entire royal family and their guests. The EMB was challenged to rework the recipe to serve only 8 people. Second, the ingredients used to make the pudding had to be changed to reflect the ideals of the Empire. The origins of each ingredient were carefully manipulated to represent some of the Empire's many colonies. Brandy from Cyprus and nutmeg from the West Indies, which had been inadvertently forgotten in previous recipes, made special appearances. However, there were a number of colonies that produced the same foodstuffs. The final recipe included Australian currants, South African stoned raisins, Canadian apples, Jamaican rum and English Beer, among other ingredients all sourced from somewhere in the Empire. After finalising the ingredients, the royal recipe was sent out to national newspapers and to popular women's magazines. Copies were also printed and handed out to the public for free. The recipe was a phenomenal success, as thousands of requests for the recipe flooded the EMB office.
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412:(without fruit) is "fraunche mele" in the Liber Cure Cocorum Pudding "had the great merit" of not needing to be cooked in an oven, something "most lower class households did not have". Pudding predecessors often contained meat, as well as sweet ingredients, and prior to being steamed in a cloth the ingredients may have been stuffed into the gut or stomach of an animal, like
668:
with a laundress's next door to that. That was the pudding. In half a minute Mrs
Cratchit entered – flushed, but smiling proudly – with the pudding, like a speckled cannon-ball, so hard and firm, blazing in half of half-a-quarter of ignited brandy, and bedight with Christmas holly stuck into the top.
318:
Initial cooking usually involves steaming for many hours. Most pre-twentieth century recipes assume that the pudding will then be served immediately, but in the second half of the twentieth century, it became more usual to reheat puddings on the day of serving, and recipes changed slightly to allow
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Mrs
Cratchit left the room alone – too nervous to bear witnesses – to take the pudding up and bring it in... Hallo! A great deal of steam! The pudding was out of the copper which smells like a washing-day. That was the cloth. A smell like an eating-house and a pastrycook's next door to each other,
53:
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As techniques for meat preserving improved in the 18th century, the savoury element of both the mince pie and the plum pottage diminished as the sweet content increased. People began adding dried fruit and sugar. The mince pie kept its name, though the pottage was increasingly referred to as
259:
Some households have their own recipes for
Christmas pudding, which may be handed down through families for generations. Essentially the recipe brings together what traditionally were expensive or luxurious ingredients — notably the sweet spices that are so important in developing its
623:
Initially probably a schoolchild joke, latterly the day became known as "Stir-up Sunday". By the 1920s, the custom was established that everyone in the household, or at least every child (and sometimes the servants), gave the mixture a stir and made a wish while doing so.
521:
newspaper noted "The Lord Mayor of London has promised to give the pudding its first 'stir'. He will be followed by the High
Commissioners of the Dominions, and afterwards the general public will have the chance of stirring it". The Prince of Wales (later
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was published in the U.S. as early as 1742. Among the ingredients she includes a pound of each of a variety of dried fruits and sugar, plus half a pound each of candied peel (citron, orange and lemon). She also adds one pint of brandy and 12 eggs.
611:
begins with the words "Stir up, we beseech thee, O Lord, the wills of thy faithful people; that they, plenteously bringing forth the fruit of good works...". This led to the custom of preparing
Christmas puddings on that day which became known as
1314:
The
Williamsburg art of cookery, or, Accomplish'd gentlewoman's companion : being a collection of upwards of five hundred of the most ancient & approv'd recipes in Virginia cookery... and also a table of favorite Williamsburg garden
424:. As plum pudding, it became widespread as a feast dish, not necessarily associated with Christmas, and usually served with beef. It makes numerous appearances in 18th century satire as a symbol of Britishness, including the
442:
It was not until the 1830s that a boiled cake of flour, fruits, suet, sugar and spices, all topped with holly, made a definite appearance, becoming more and more associated with
Christmas. In her bestselling 1845 book
526:) was then a patron of the PDSA charity. It was then divided up into 11,208 smaller puddings, which were distributed amongst the poor throughout the country. Manchester and Salford, for example, received 512 each.
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216:, with early recipes making use of dried fruit, suet, breadcrumbs, flour, eggs and spice, along with liquid such as milk or fortified wine. Later, recipes became more elaborate. In 1845, cookery writer
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and their journey in that direction". However, recipes for plum puddings appear mainly, if not entirely, in the 17th century and later. One of the earliest plum pudding recipes is given by
1369:, 1917). "Stir-up Sunday (colloq.): the Sunday next before Advent: so called from the opening words of the Collect for the day. The name is jocularly associated with the stirring of the
515:
on 24 and 25 November. A 10-ton
Christmas pudding, the largest ever created up until that time, was featured. The recipe became known as the "Prince of Wales' Empire Christmas Pudding".
295:
Christmas puddings are often dried out on hooks for weeks prior to serving in order to enhance the flavour. This pudding has been prepared with a traditional cloth rather than a basin.
639:. The coin was believed to bring wealth in the coming year, and came from an earlier tradition of putting tokens in a cake, which had died out by the twentieth century (see
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Other tokens are also known to have been included, such as a tiny wishbone (to bring good luck), a silver thimble (for thrift) or an anchor (to symbolise safe harbour).
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368:, that it be prepared with 13 ingredients to represent Christ and the 12 apostles, and that every family member stir it in turn from east to west to honour the
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It was in the late
Victorian era that 'Stir up Sunday' (the fifth Sunday before Christmas) began to be associated with the making of Christmas pudding. The
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for maturing. To serve, the pudding is reheated by steaming once more, and may be dressed with warm brandy which is set alight. It can be eaten with
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227:(though this can also refer to other kinds of boiled pudding involving dried fruit). The word "plum" was used then for what has been called a "
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573:, nutmeg, eggs, raisins and brandy. It was a moulded dessert, cooked in boiling water for several hours, and served with a sweet wine sauce.
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386:(sometimes known as the Pudding King) requested that plum pudding be served as part of his royal feast in his first Christmas in England.
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653:(or "fired"), the pudding is traditionally brought to the table ceremoniously, and greeted with a round of applause. In 1843,
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The custom of eating
Christmas pudding was carried to many parts of the world by British colonists. It is a common dish in
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What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: From Fox-Hunting to Whist - the Facts of daily Life in 19th Century England
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1317:. Parks, William, -1750., Blackeby, Harold W.,, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Williamsburg : Colonial Williamsburg.
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in the pudding mixture, which could be kept by the person whose serving included them. The usual choice was a silver
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O'Connor, Kaori (2009). "The King's Christmas Pudding: globalization, recipes, and the commodities of the empire".
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In America, the tradition of the Christmas pudding had already arrived in pre-independence days. A book entitled
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408:. Various ingredients and methods of these older recipes appear in early plum puddings. An early example of a
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in most recipes, and its long cooking time. The mixture can be moistened with the juice of citrus fruits,
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it, followed by unwrapping the pudding, placing it on a platter, and decorating the top with a sprig of
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Once turned out of its basin, decorated with holly, doused in brandy (or occasionally rum), and
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There is a popular myth that plum pudding's association with Christmas goes back to a custom in
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1262:"From the archives: Making a record-breaking Christmas pudding at the Royal Albert Hall, 1931"
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1201:"The Christmas Pudding: A Symbol of the British Empire (by Kelly Harper) – History @ Bham"
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264:. The pudding is very dark, almost black in appearance due to the dark sugars and black
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713:, an early English dish made with wheat, fruits, and nuts, sometimes served on holidays
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Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1990: feasting and fasting : proceedings
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Traditionally, every member of the household stirs the pudding, while making a wish.
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and other countries to which the tradition has been exported. It has its origins in
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481:. Throughout the colonial period, the pudding was a symbol of unity throughout the
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Christmas pudding's possible ancestors include savoury puddings such as those in
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A Collection of Above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery
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A Collection of above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery
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Prior to the 19th century, the English Christmas pudding was boiled in a
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A Christmas pudding being flamed after brandy has been poured over it
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382:. There is a popular and wholly unsubstantiated myth that in 1714,
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A traditional bag-boiled Christmas pudding still showing the "skin"
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mincemeat, which it was customary to begin making in that week."
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published a 19th-century recipe for plum pudding contributed to
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975:"Food History Jottings: $ 1000 Reward for Lost Pudding Decree"
924:
Eating Royally: Recipes and Remembrances from a Palace Kitchen
220:
wrote the first recipe for a dish called "Christmas pudding".
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A Christmas Carol, the Chimes, and the Cricket on the Hearth
762:
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566:
485:, which the message was widely promoted through the media.
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fashion involved putting the mixture into a basin and then
273:
261:
231:" since the 18th century, and the pudding does not contain
159:
1417:"Stir-up Sunday, History and Plum pudding - Miss Foodwise"
364:
that the "pudding should be made on the 25th Sunday after
4254:
4034:
1100:. New York: Simon & Schuster ( Touchstone). pp.
405:
1459:
The Spruce Eats: Traditional Christmas Pudding Recipe
751:
457:
was the first to refer to it as "Christmas Pudding".
676:
1043:
1384:
1093:
719:, another common Christmas food incorporating suet
5044:
828:Food and cooking in Victorian England: a history
404:, creme boiled (a kind of stirred custard), and
576:
1176:"How Christmas pudding evolved with Australia"
272:and other alcohol (some recipes call for dark
260:distinctive rich aroma, and usually made with
3871:
3270:
1479:
565:, by soaking stale bread in milk then adding
1382:
1224:
837:pp.149-150. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007
507:In 1931, an annual Christmas market for the
1365:. Second edition, 1989 (first published in
4572:Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management
3878:
3864:
3277:
3263:
1486:
1472:
51:
1287:"Giant pudding was royal Christmas treat"
1044:Hieatt, Constance; Sharon Butler (1985).
1023:"Medieval Recipe Translations: Crustade"
627:It was common practice to include small
588:
580:
290:
250:
242:
1345:
1311:
1259:
1123:
1121:
1001:"How to perfect your Christmas pudding"
899:"Christmas, Victorian Bakers - BBC Two"
14:
5045:
4329:The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy
4305:The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary
1386:"Home-made Christmas puddings die out"
1072:
998:
822:
820:
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816:
814:
812:
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808:
744:The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding
616:, associated with the stirring of the
303:, and often represented as round. The
34:. For the novel by Nancy Mitford, see
4195:The Queen-like Closet or Rich Cabinet
3902:
3859:
3258:
2816:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
1467:
1127:
1397:from the original on 12 January 2022
1173:
1118:
1091:
509:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
4548:Modern Cookery for Private Families
4363:The Experienced English Housekeeper
3885:
972:
966:
876:cites this use as early as 1653 by
805:
551:Jennie June's American Cookery Book
446:Modern Cookery for Private Families
57:A Christmas pudding decorated with
24:
1260:Griffin, Matt (10 December 2013).
1003:. British Broadcasting Corporation
992:
343:, and is sometimes sprinkled with
25:
5139:
1452:
1383:Gary Cleland (24 November 2007).
460:
235:in the modern sense of the word.
27:Steamed sweet dried-fruit pudding
4536:A New System of Domestic Cookery
3237:
3236:
2692:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
2587:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
999:Lepard, Dan (21 November 2011).
785:
773:
761:
679:
529:
437:
204:traditionally served as part of
181:
170:
5032:Rationing in the United Kingdom
1435:
1409:
1376:
1354:
1339:
1312:Bullock, Helen Duprey (1983) .
1305:
1279:
1253:
1218:
1193:
1167:
1164:pp.36, 45. Prospect Books, 1991
1154:
1085:
1066:
1037:
536:The Williamsburg Art of Cookery
223:The dish is sometimes known as
2672:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
2601:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1984:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1763:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1445:Digireads.com Publishing, 2008
1015:
936:
933:p.180. Thomas Nelson Inc, 2007
916:
891:
866:
840:
323:(usually brandy butter or rum
13:
1:
3946:
2623:Christmas television specials
2522:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1609:Annunciation to the shepherds
1493:
973:Day, Ivan (7 February 2012).
798:
553:by the American poet sisters
500:. The King and Queen granted
494:Master of the Royal Household
4732:A Book of Mediterranean Food
4381:The Housekeeper's Instructor
4378:William Augustus Henderson (
3284:
2677:Christmas and holiday season
577:Wishing and other traditions
492:(EMB) wrote a letter to the
389:
187:Media: Christmas pudding
7:
5088:Foods with alcoholic drinks
4926:Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall
672:
431:The Plumb-pudding in danger
176:Cookbook: Christmas pudding
10:
5144:
4372:The English Art of Cookery
1589:Adoration of the Shepherds
1293:. University of Manchester
1050:Early English Text Society
826:Broomfield, Andrea (2007)
747:, an Agatha Christie story
355:
350:
30:For the atomic model, see
29:
4996:
4971:
4956:A History of English Food
4908:
4901:
4836:
4714:
4707:
4582:
4523:
4516:
4419:Cottage or Shepherd's pie
4391:
4296:Mrs Mary Eales's Receipts
4274:
4267:
4217:
4146:
4139:
4094:
4059:
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3967:
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3392:Chocolate biscuit pudding
3292:
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3167:
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3057:
3036:
2915:
2860:
2847:
2833:WWE Tribute to the Troops
2645:
2594:A Visit from St. Nicholas
2540:
2515:The Oxford Book of Carols
2451:
2282:
2091:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2004:
1925:
1836:
1713:
1654:Massacre of the Innocents
1567:
1503:
1362:Oxford English Dictionary
1239:10.1017/S1740022809002988
1227:Journal of Global History
880:and also, inter alia, in
874:Oxford English Dictionary
384:George I of Great Britain
238:
166:
139:
131:
97:
87:
77:
69:
50:
36:Christmas Pudding (novel)
5022:List of savoury puddings
4650:Steak and kidney pudding
4555:Charles Elmé Francatelli
4399:Bread and butter pudding
4084:The Good Huswifes Jewell
3347:Bread and butter pudding
2635:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1350:. McFarland. p. 30.
1073:Morris, Richard (1862).
929:27 December 2022 at the
833:27 December 2022 at the
733:List of Christmas dishes
5017:List of English cheeses
4951:Clarissa Dickson Wright
4936:Antony Worrall Thompson
3582:Lemon delicious pudding
2797:Small Business Saturday
2667:Black Friday (shopping)
2662:Black Friday (partying)
2156:Nine Lessons and Carols
2086:Events and celebrations
1266:www.royalalberthall.com
657:describes the scene in
400:
5027:List of sweet puddings
5012:List of English dishes
4620:Full English breakfast
4317:The Compleat Housewife
4127:Trifle (without jelly)
3727:Treacle sponge pudding
2441:Post-War United States
1367:New English Dictionary
1128:Dixon, Angela (2016).
670:
594:
586:
490:Empire Marketing Board
296:
256:
248:
200:is sweet, dried-fruit
5123:South African cuisine
4889:Sticky toffee pudding
4351:The British Housewife
3687:Sticky toffee pudding
2490:Hit singles in the US
2485:Hit singles in the UK
2046:Carols by Candlelight
1974:Santa Claus' daughter
1582:Adoration of the Magi
1092:Pool, Daniel (1993).
979:Food History Jottings
738:List of steamed foods
665:
608:Book of Common Prayer
592:
584:
547:Jane Cunningham Croly
294:
254:
246:
5103:New Zealand desserts
5078:Christmas in England
4859:Chicken tikka masala
4695:Worcestershire sauce
4424:Cumberland rum nicky
4183:The Accomplisht Cook
2782:Santa's Candy Castle
2106:Google Santa Tracker
1130:The king of puddings
398:MS 279, croustades,
5098:New Zealand cuisine
4874:Knickerbocker glory
4494:Trifle (with jelly)
4245:Sussex pond pudding
4171:The English Huswife
3702:Sussex Pond Pudding
3601:Cape brandy pudding
2787:Santa Claus Village
2702:Christmas Mountains
2608:Journey of the Magi
1614:Baptism of the Lord
1346:Scharnhorst, Gary.
1025:. James L. Matterer
944:"Christmas pudding"
852:The Southland Times
848:"Plum duff updated"
687:Christianity portal
601:this Sunday in the
132:Serving temperature
47:
5068:Australian cuisine
4864:Coronation chicken
4791:Marco Pierre White
4595:Cauliflower cheese
4072:The Boke of Cokery
3442:Dutch baby pancake
2897:Twelve-dish supper
2747:Jews and Christmas
2697:Christmas Lectures
2426:American Civil War
2161:NORAD Tracks Santa
1537:Saint Nicholas Day
1423:. 18 November 2016
1079:A. Asher & Co.
1075:Liber cure Cocorum
595:
587:
297:
257:
249:
43:
32:Plum pudding model
5128:Victorian cuisine
5118:Canadian desserts
5113:American desserts
5040:
5039:
4992:
4991:
4979:Coronation quiche
4941:Heston Blumenthal
4897:
4896:
4879:Ploughman's lunch
4761:Marguerite Patten
4703:
4702:
4635:Lancashire hotpot
4590:Bubble and squeak
4512:
4511:
4504:Yorkshire pudding
4404:Christmas pudding
4358:Elizabeth Raffald
4340:Professed Cookery
4263:
4262:
4235:Queen of Puddings
4207:The Closet Opened
4154:Elinor Fettiplace
4135:
4134:
4048:
4047:
3957:The Forme of Cury
3942:Utilis Coquinario
3918:
3917:
3853:
3852:
3845:Yorkshire pudding
3657:Queen of Puddings
3632:Pistachio pudding
3627:Persimmon pudding
3402:Christmas pudding
3397:Chocolate pudding
3252:
3251:
3228:
3227:
2892:Thirteen desserts
2812:Virginia O'Hanlon
2657:Advent Conspiracy
2571:Films (Christmas,
2563:A Christmas Carol
2508:Carols for Choirs
2051:Cavalcade of Magi
2031:Boar's Head Feast
1700:Star of Bethlehem
1671:Nativity of Jesus
1659:flight into Egypt
1544:St. Stephen's Day
1174:McIntyre, Julie.
1046:Curye on Inglysch
660:A Christmas Carol
603:Church of England
561:. It was made as
513:Royal Albert Hall
376:in her 1714 book
255:Christmas pudding
198:Christmas pudding
195:
194:
73:Plum pudding, pud
70:Alternative names
45:Christmas pudding
16:(Redirected from
5135:
5053:British puddings
4984:Platinum Pudding
4906:
4905:
4806:Fergus Henderson
4712:
4711:
4605:Devilled kidneys
4521:
4520:
4489:Toad in the hole
4369:Richard Briggs (
4272:
4271:
4144:
4143:
4057:
4056:
3951:
3948:
3931:
3930:
3900:
3899:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3857:
3856:
3637:Platinum Pudding
3482:Ginger milk curd
3432:Diplomat pudding
3407:Clootie dumpling
3302:Abbot of Priscos
3279:
3272:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3075:Redcurrant sauce
2864:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2827:Winter festivals
2577:Christmas horror
2544:
2455:
2286:
2141:Meals and feasts
2061:Christmas jumper
2008:
1979:Santa's reindeer
1931:
1877:Father Christmas
1841:
1798:Santa's workshop
1719:
1681:in later culture
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1497:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1446:
1441:Charles Dickens
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1388:
1380:
1374:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1180:The Conversation
1171:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1132:. Spider Books.
1125:
1116:
1115:
1099:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
954:on 28 April 2017
950:. Archived from
940:
934:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
895:
889:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
844:
838:
824:
790:
789:
778:
777:
766:
765:
757:
689:
684:
683:
511:was held at the
403:
362:medieval England
214:medieval England
206:Christmas dinner
185:
174:
140:Main ingredients
55:
48:
46:
42:
21:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5108:National dishes
5063:English cuisine
5043:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5005:Food in England
4988:
4967:
4916:Michel Roux Jr.
4893:
4849:Beef Wellington
4832:
4811:The Whole Beast
4744:Food in England
4739:Dorothy Hartley
4727:Elizabeth David
4699:
4655:Battenberg cake
4578:
4567:Isabella Beeton
4560:The Modern Cook
4508:
4387:
4281:Mary Kettilby (
4259:
4213:
4166:Gervase Markham
4131:
4090:
4044:
3963:
3949:
3927:to 15th century
3926:
3914:
3889:
3887:English cuisine
3884:
3854:
3849:
3741:
3712:Tapioca pudding
3607:Malvern pudding
3507:Instant pudding
3417:Cottage pudding
3362:Cabinet pudding
3288:
3283:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3224:
3190:Pickled herring
3163:
3132:
3079:
3070:Cranberry sauce
3053:
3032:
3008:Red velvet cake
2993:Poppy seed roll
2911:
2862:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2822:White Christmas
2712:Christmas truce
2707:Christmas seals
2687:Christmas creep
2649:
2647:
2641:
2542:
2536:
2453:
2447:
2284:
2278:
2131:Lord of Misrule
2066:Christmas Peace
2016:Advent calendar
2006:
2000:
1949:Knecht Ruprecht
1929:
1927:
1921:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1634:Herod the Great
1569:
1563:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1381:
1377:
1359:
1355:
1344:
1340:
1325:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1258:
1254:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1205:blog.bham.ac.uk
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1155:
1140:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1090:
1086:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1052:. p. 133.
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
997:
993:
983:
981:
971:
967:
957:
955:
942:
941:
937:
931:Wayback Machine
922:Darran McGrady
921:
917:
907:
905:
897:
896:
892:
871:
867:
857:
855:
846:
845:
841:
835:Wayback Machine
825:
806:
801:
796:
784:
772:
760:
752:
750:
685:
678:
675:
655:Charles Dickens
579:
532:
463:
440:
392:
358:
353:
339:, or sweetened
331:, lemon cream,
241:
191:
98:Region or state
88:Place of origin
65:
44:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5141:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5073:Flambéed foods
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:Christmas food
5055:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4948:
4938:
4933:
4923:
4912:
4910:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4803:
4798:
4796:Nigella Lawson
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4751:Constance Spry
4748:
4736:
4724:
4722:Florence Petty
4718:
4716:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4685:Summer pudding
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4640:Potted shrimps
4637:
4632:
4630:Ice cream cone
4627:
4622:
4617:
4615:Fish and chips
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4564:
4552:
4540:
4527:
4525:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4355:
4346:Martha Bradley
4343:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4300:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4250:Sweet and sour
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4199:
4190:Hannah Woolley
4187:
4175:
4163:
4150:
4148:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4076:
4067:Richard Pynson
4063:
4061:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3937:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3775:Groaty pudding
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3692:Summer pudding
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3477:Gajar Ka Halwa
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3377:Cheese pudding
3374:
3369:
3367:Carrot pudding
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:Banana pudding
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3121:Smoking Bishop
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2855:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2802:Super Saturday
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:Giving Tuesday
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2682:Christmas club
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2580:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2548:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:Piae Cantiones
2525:
2518:
2511:
2501:
2495:Music charts (
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1964:Père Fouettard
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1930:Saint Nicholas
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Grandpa Indian
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1850:Saint Nicholas
1846:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Old Man Winter
1785:
1780:
1775:
1773:Miner's figure
1770:
1765:
1760:
1758:Kallikantzaros
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1688:Nativity scene
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
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1523:Children's Day
1519:
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1509:Blue Christmas
1504:
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1453:External links
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701:Christmas cake
698:
692:
691:
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614:Stir-up Sunday
578:
575:
531:
528:
483:British Empire
462:
461:British Empire
459:
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401:malaches whyte
391:
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102:United Kingdom
99:
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26:
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5119:
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5093:Irish cuisine
5091:
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5083:Steamed foods
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4930:River Cottage
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4844:Bakewell tart
4842:
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4824:
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4818:Gordon Ramsay
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4756:Fanny Cradock
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4673:
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4670:Jam roly-poly
4668:
4666:
4665:Eve's pudding
4663:
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4324:Hannah Glasse
4322:
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4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Black pudding
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4093:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4079:Thomas Dawson
4077:
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4038:
4036:
4033:
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4030:Pease pudding
4028:
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4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
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4001:
3998:
3996:
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3862:
3861:
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3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:White pudding
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Pease pudding
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:Hog's pudding
3788:
3786:
3785:Hasty pudding
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Black pudding
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
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3725:
3723:
3720:
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3700:
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3693:
3690:
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3663:
3660:
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3655:
3653:
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3647:Puding Diraja
3645:
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3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
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3625:
3623:
3620:
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3613:
3612:Mango pudding
3610:
3608:
3605:
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3598:
3597:Malva pudding
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3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
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3525:
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3512:Jam Roly-Poly
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3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
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3470:
3468:
3467:Fruit pudding
3465:
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3455:
3453:
3452:Eve's pudding
3450:
3448:
3445:
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3440:
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3427:Crème caramel
3425:
3423:
3420:
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3360:
3358:
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3352:Bread pudding
3350:
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3343:
3340:
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3335:
3333:
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3328:
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3168:Meat and fish
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3141:
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3119:
3118:
3117:
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3106:Hot chocolate
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2807:Ugly sweaters
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2717:Controversies
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2553:
2552:In literature
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2151:Moravian star
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2146:Midnight Mass
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2026:Advent wreath
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2021:Advent candle
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1705:Twelfth Night
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1666:Nativity Fast
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1624:Christmastide
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1599:Angel Gabriel
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1577:Biblical Magi
1575:
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1555:
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1548:
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1534:
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1530:Christmas Eve
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1421:Miss Foodwise
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1412:
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1391:The Telegraph
1387:
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1368:
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1348:Literary Eats
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1139:9780956108432
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1059:0-19-722409-1
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878:John Lilburne
875:
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854:. 25 May 2009
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699:
697:
696:Figgy pudding
694:
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563:bread pudding
560:
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541:
540:Helen Bullock
537:
530:United States
527:
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519:
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491:
488:In 1927, the
486:
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438:Victorian era
435:
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416:or sausages.
415:
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374:Mary Kettilby
371:
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37:
33:
19:
5003:
4954:
4945:The Fat Duck
4902:21st century
4809:
4801:Jamie Oliver
4781:Nigel Slater
4766:Jane Grigson
4742:
4730:
4708:20th century
4690:Windsor soup
4680:Madeira cake
4645:Sausage roll
4570:
4558:
4546:
4534:
4517:19th century
4484:Suet pudding
4434:Jellied eels
4403:
4379:
4370:
4361:
4349:
4339:
4327:
4315:
4303:
4294:
4282:
4268:18th century
4225:Battalia pie
4205:
4202:Kenelm Digby
4193:
4181:
4169:
4159:Receipt Book
4158:
4140:17th century
4082:
4070:
4053:16th century
3985:Banbury cake
3955:
3940:
3810:Pudding corn
3770:Flummadiddle
3760:Dock pudding
3737:Welf pudding
3682:Spotted dick
3677:Sago pudding
3662:Rice pudding
3422:Crème brûlée
3412:Corn pudding
3401:
3382:Chia pudding
3180:Gefilte fish
3128:Ponche crema
2963:Melomakarono
2831:
2722:Cyber Monday
2627:
2592:
2561:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2503:Music books
2496:
2334:Nazi Germany
2226:
2222:Secret Santa
2209:
2096:Flying Santa
1803:Tió de Nadal
1753:Korvatunturi
1604:Annunciation
1570:Christianity
1551:Sol Invictus
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1420:
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1390:
1378:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1313:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1290:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1255:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1210:11 September
1208:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1129:
1095:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1045:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1017:
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994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
968:
956:. Retrieved
952:the original
947:
938:
918:
906:. Retrieved
902:
893:
885:
873:
868:
856:. Retrieved
851:
842:
742:
666:
658:
648:
645:
641:Twelfth Cake
629:silver coins
626:
622:
606:
596:
550:
545:
535:
533:
516:
506:
498:royal family
487:
479:South Africa
464:
444:
441:
429:
422:plum pudding
421:
418:
393:
377:
359:
345:caster sugar
317:
298:
258:
225:plum pudding
224:
222:
197:
196:
135:Warm or cold
118:South Africa
61:rather than
40:
18:Plum pudding
4963:Rachel Khoo
4920:Le Gavroche
4884:Salad cream
4854:Carrot cake
4823:Gary Rhodes
4786:Keith Floyd
4771:Delia Smith
4543:Eliza Acton
4439:Jugged hare
4429:Eccles cake
4312:Eliza Smith
4302:John Nott (
4240:Sponge cake
4230:Currant bun
4005:Gingerbread
3950: 1300
3924:Middle Ages
3895:Roman times
3820:Red pudding
3815:Rag pudding
3722:Tibok-tibok
3707:Tavuk göğsü
3652:Put chai ko
3617:Panna cotta
3592:Maja blanca
3557:Kōʻelepālau
3552:Kig ha farz
3502:Herrencreme
3357:Brown Betty
3195:Roast goose
3116:Mulled wine
3096:Champurrado
3091:Apple cider
3065:Bread sauce
3018:Szaloncukor
2998:Pumpkin pie
2948:Gingerbread
2902:Smörgåsbord
2543:Other media
2381:Philippines
2371:New Zealand
2254:Twelve Days
2211:Räuchermann
2166:Nutcrackers
2116:Las Posadas
2076:Decorations
2056:Christingle
1996:Zwarte Piet
1991:Snegurochka
1912:Sinterklaas
1862:Santa Claus
1401:30 December
1233:: 127–155.
1185:25 December
1081:p. 36.
1029:23 December
1007:15 February
958:26 December
858:21 December
559:Phoebe Cary
524:Edward VIII
471:New Zealand
455:Eliza Acton
451:East Sussex
410:bag pudding
218:Eliza Acton
148:dried fruit
144:Breadcrumbs
114:New Zealand
5047:Categories
4828:Mary Berry
4776:Rick Stein
4675:Lardy cake
4469:Roast beef
4459:Piccalilli
4291:Mary Eales
4178:Robert May
4107:Fruit fool
3990:Cheesecake
3830:Spoonbread
3732:Ube halaya
3532:Kānga waru
3457:Figgy duff
3342:Blancmange
3332:Bánh chuối
3312:Annin tofu
2923:Candy cane
2872:Joulupöytä
2772:Pikkujoulu
2436:New Mexico
2285:By country
2259:Wassailing
2200:Poinsettia
2007:Traditions
1959:Mrs. Claus
1939:Belsnickel
1892:Julemanden
1887:Joulupukki
1818:Wenceslaus
1783:North Pole
1748:Jack Frost
1738:Christkind
1693:Neapolitan
1516:Boxing Day
1324:0910412308
1111:0671882368
984:21 October
948:foodtolove
886:Dictionary
799:References
633:threepence
569:, candied
555:Alice Cary
321:hard sauce
4909:Exemplars
4715:Exemplars
4660:Eton mess
4524:Exemplars
4449:Marmalade
4275:Exemplars
4147:Exemplars
4060:Exemplars
4015:Mince pie
3975:Apple pie
3960:(c. 1390)
3934:Exemplars
3835:Tiết canh
3800:Moin moin
3717:Tembleque
3587:Mahallebi
3567:Kue lapis
3562:Kue asida
3537:Kazandibi
3447:Eton mess
3210:Tourtière
3200:Romeritos
3137:Dumplings
3084:Beverages
2988:Pecan pie
2978:Panettone
2973:Pampushka
2968:Mince pie
2943:Fruitcake
2887:Réveillon
2767:NFL games
2762:NBA games
2757:In August
2727:Economics
2497:Billboard
2351:Indonesia
2294:Australia
2269:Yule goat
2244:Stockings
2178:Ornaments
1907:Père Noël
1902:Olentzero
1897:Noel Baba
1872:Ded Moroz
1828:Yule Lads
1768:Mari Lwyd
1619:Bethlehem
1496:Christmas
1427:21 August
1371:Christmas
1247:154347413
1148:973718613
908:21 August
723:Panettone
717:Mincemeat
706:Fruitcake
620:pudding.
618:Christmas
518:The Times
502:Leo Amery
467:Australia
428:cartoon,
390:Ancestors
333:ice cream
126:Caribbean
110:Australia
4625:HP Sauce
4474:Sandwich
4464:Pork pie
4336:Ann Cook
4122:Syllabub
4000:Game pie
3910:Sausages
3825:Scrapple
3765:Drisheen
3697:Supangle
3622:Pepeçura
3472:Frumenty
3462:Flummery
3307:Ábrystir
3286:Puddings
3243:Category
3214:meat pie
3205:Stuffing
3159:Varenyky
3028:Yule log
3003:Qurabiya
2877:Julebord
2850:Food and
2777:SantaCon
2742:El Gordo
2629:Yule Log
2401:Scotland
2314:Ethiopia
2299:Colombia
2274:Yule log
2228:Spanbaum
2205:Pyramids
2071:Crackers
1969:Sack Man
1855:folklore
1823:Yule cat
1728:Badalisc
1718:folklore
1629:Epiphany
1395:Archived
1333:28154426
1291:phys.org
927:Archived
888:of 1755.
831:Archived
780:Holidays
711:Frumenty
673:See also
637:sixpence
341:béchamel
309:steaming
276:such as
162:, spices
4997:Related
4869:Crumble
4610:Faggots
4600:Cobbler
4444:Ketchup
4409:Chutney
4342:, 1754)
4308:, 1723)
4186:, 1660)
4174:, 1615)
4162:, 1604)
4112:Pancake
4087:, 1585)
4075:, 1500)
4040:Pottage
4010:Kippers
3995:Custard
3795:Kačamak
3747:Savoury
3667:Rødgrød
3527:Kalamay
3522:Kalamai
3492:Got fan
3387:Chireta
3337:Bebinca
3149:Pierogi
3144:Hallaca
3049:Borscht
3013:Stollen
2983:Pavlova
2958:Makówki
2938:Cozonac
2907:Wigilia
2792:Scrooge
2752:In July
2650:society
2582:Poetry
2416:Ukraine
2391:Romania
2356:Ireland
2346:Iceland
2341:Hungary
2329:Germany
2319:Finland
2309:England
2304:Denmark
2264:Windows
2195:Piñatas
2183:Parades
2136:Markets
2121:Letters
2111:Hampers
1954:Krampus
1793:Perchta
1733:Caganer
1315:herbs..
754:Portals
728:Stollen
599:collect
406:sippets
366:Trinity
356:Legends
351:History
337:custard
266:treacle
210:Britain
202:pudding
156:treacle
106:Ireland
92:England
82:Pudding
59:skimmia
5008:(1954)
4972:Dishes
4837:Dishes
4583:Dishes
4479:Scouse
4454:Parkin
4392:Dishes
4218:Dishes
4117:Scones
4095:Dishes
4020:Mortis
3968:Dishes
3903:Dishes
3780:Haggis
3672:Rožata
3572:Kulolo
3542:Keşkül
3517:Junket
3497:Haupia
3437:Douhua
3317:Ashure
3220:Turkey
3154:Tamale
3111:Kissel
3101:Eggnog
3058:Sauces
3044:Menudo
3023:Turrón
2933:Cookie
2916:Sweets
2882:Kūčios
2863:Dinner
2737:Grinch
2648:modern
2615:Tomten
2574:Santa,
2557:novels
2475:Operas
2463:Carols
2431:Hawaii
2411:Sweden
2406:Serbia
2396:Russia
2386:Poland
2376:Norway
2366:Mexico
2324:France
2239:Stamps
2234:Szopka
2126:Lights
2081:Didukh
1917:Others
1867:Befana
1813:Vertep
1676:in art
1644:Joseph
1594:Advent
1331:
1321:
1297:11 May
1271:11 May
1245:
1146:
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792:Liquor
651:flamed
571:citron
477:, and
475:Canada
449:, the
426:Gilray
414:haggis
396:Harley
325:butter
286:porter
270:brandy
239:Basics
229:raisin
180:
122:Canada
4959:2011)
4814:1999)
4747:1954)
4735:1950)
4575:1861)
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4551:1845)
4539:1806)
4414:Curry
4384:1791)
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4366:1769)
4354:1758)
4332:1747)
4320:1727)
4299:1718)
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4210:1699)
4198:1670)
4025:Pasty
3980:Bacon
3577:Kutia
3547:Kheer
3487:Goody
3322:Asida
3294:Sweet
2953:Kutia
2852:drink
2480:Songs
2454:Music
2361:Italy
2217:Seals
2171:dolls
2101:Gifts
2041:Cards
1944:Elves
1808:Turoń
1778:Nisse
1743:Grýla
1639:Jesus
1243:S2CID
635:or a
453:cook
329:cream
313:holly
282:stout
274:beers
233:plums
152:sugar
63:holly
3642:Po'e
3175:Carp
3037:Soup
2928:Cake
2839:Xmas
2468:list
2249:Tree
2188:list
1649:Mary
1558:Yule
1429:2018
1403:2010
1329:OCLC
1319:ISBN
1299:2022
1273:2022
1212:2024
1187:2016
1144:OCLC
1134:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1031:2008
1009:2016
986:2020
960:2015
910:2018
872:The
860:2010
768:Food
567:suet
557:and
370:Magi
278:mild
262:suet
160:suet
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