430:
442:
368:
them were allowed the free use of their limbs. Great numbers died from sickness, starvation and exhaustion on the road. The sick when they became too weak to struggle on were left behind. If a house happened to be near, the sick man or woman was left with the people in the house. If no house was at hand which must have been oftener the case in the wild country they were traversing, the sufferer was flung down to die miserably in the jungle. Any of his or her companions attempting to stop to assist the poor creatures were driven on with blows. Fever and dysentery were still at work among them and many more will probably die. Already I was told, more than half of the original 5.700 so treacherously seized are dead.
101:
65:
2000:
83:
37:
429:
382:
Due to slave raids and forced population transfers, there are small, scattered villages of Phuan in Sakon and Udon Thani provinces and another area around Bueang Kan, Nong Khai and Loei provinces in
Thailand. Despite the small numbers and isolation, the Siamese kept the Phuan apart from the Lao and
367:
The captives were hurried mercilessly along, many weighted by burdens strapped to their backs, the men, who had no wives or children with them and were therefore capable of attempting escape, were tied together by a rope pursed through a sort of wooden collar. Those men who had their families with
383:
other Tai people in
Northern and Central Thailand where small communities of Phuan also exist, forcing them to live apart and dress in black clothing. The Phuan in turn practised endogamous marriage habits and steadfastness to their language and culture. As a result of the
441:
2035:
2028:
606:
Paul, L. M., Simons, G. F. and Fennig, C. D. (eds.). 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved from
411:
retain a tradition of knife making. Due to their proximity and very similar culture and language, Phuan culture is very similar to other tribal Tai groups and the
321:
most of the time. A revolt against the hegemony of Lan Xang has been documented around 1651/52, when the Phuan prince at that time refused to give his daughter to
2021:
676:
2244:
1909:
1626:
1534:
1940:
1762:
1752:
1632:
497:
2366:
2203:
1861:
1837:
1688:
1616:
1490:
919:
2229:
1899:
1747:
1621:
307:. Muang Phuan fought for its independence for a long time, but was at times obliged to pay tribute by various overlords. After the conquest by
300:
620:
1950:
1894:
1737:
1611:
1606:
1585:
1240:
2290:
1767:
1698:
1637:
1027:
419:
with whom they are neighbours. One interesting custom is the use of elephants to parade initiates into the monastery, usually just before
41:
Young Phuan women in traditional clothing. (Though Phuan have been absorbed into main Lao culture, this is not traditional Phuan clothing)
1742:
468:
269:. According to the Ethnologue Report, the Phuan number 204,704 and that is split fairly evenly between populations in Laos and Thailand.
1562:
824:
447:
A rural road in
Xiangkhouang Province. This was the original Phuan homeland and Phuan is the primary Tai language of the province.
669:
1483:
2473:
2468:
662:
507:
325:
of Lan Xang. His army then devastated the land of the Phuan and abducted about 500 families into his direct domain.
2463:
1476:
1432:
654:
225:
2048:
586:
435:
Chiang Khan in Loei
Province, Thailand. The town and surrounding district has a large Phuan minority.
2044:
685:
328:
After the division of Lan Xang in 1707, Muang Phuan was the subject of battles for supremacy between
258:
1848:
1361:
2179:
2124:
1876:
1397:
2013:
1457:
1452:
929:
887:
855:
254:
137:
2384:
2072:
1499:
1417:
1059:
689:
408:
388:
360:
246:
499:
Ethnic Groups of
Cambodia, Volume 3: Profile of the Austro-Thai-and Sinitic-Speaking Peoples
2478:
2146:
1468:
1427:
774:
345:
190:
8:
2442:
2234:
2224:
1782:
1447:
1437:
1422:
1402:
1004:
266:
2406:
2132:
2091:
1713:
374:
349:
149:
2188:
1601:
1204:
896:
784:
503:
391:
was devastated by fighting and
American area bombing, many Phuan moved to Vientiane.
384:
250:
153:
1556:
587:"Forced Resettlement Campaigns in Northern Thailand During the Early Bangkok Period"
2411:
2099:
1778:
1665:
1590:
1577:
1544:
1342:
1199:
1145:
799:
706:
2376:
2335:
2322:
2304:
2280:
2169:
1935:
1831:
1595:
1295:
1127:
1105:
1091:
1078:
399:
The Phuan are known for handwoven textiles, especially the striped and patterned
322:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2254:
2208:
2114:
1647:
1567:
1550:
1524:
1379:
1322:
1275:
1250:
1140:
1046:
1032:
952:
819:
804:
769:
684:
472:
458:
121:
281:
after they had gained control of it from the original inhabitants (presumably
2457:
2249:
2239:
1945:
1914:
1816:
1757:
1732:
1511:
1347:
1337:
1285:
1227:
970:
943:
814:
476:
341:
336:
and the
Laotian states in the 19th century. Thousands of Phuan families were
278:
220:
133:
125:
2275:
2159:
2109:
2104:
2082:
2062:
1919:
1856:
1821:
1795:
1703:
1693:
1655:
1369:
1332:
1327:
1314:
1300:
1245:
1218:
1054:
1017:
1012:
914:
779:
463:
The language is closely related to other tribal Tai languages, such as the
363:, described the forced relocation of Phuan from the Plain of Jars in 1876:
230:
212:
207:
129:
2426:
2421:
2398:
2330:
2270:
2164:
2004:
1904:
1889:
1884:
1826:
1806:
1800:
1726:
1721:
1678:
1539:
1442:
1260:
1255:
1235:
1135:
1022:
980:
975:
960:
909:
904:
868:
863:
841:
834:
829:
714:
697:
412:
337:
286:
282:
245:
region with other groups scattered throughout central
Thailand and Laos (
177:
173:
241:
Buddhist Tai people spread out in small pockets over most of
Thailand's
2312:
2067:
1976:
1866:
1790:
1683:
1673:
1519:
1374:
1290:
1270:
1113:
1086:
990:
985:
965:
924:
873:
809:
724:
416:
356:
304:
169:
165:
340:
as workers by the victorious armies, including to the
Central Laotian
1503:
1280:
1265:
794:
764:
749:
734:
238:
1984:
1968:
1407:
754:
744:
464:
420:
318:
262:
106:
70:
303:, the youngest son of the mythical progenitor of the Tai peoples,
1811:
739:
333:
313:
308:
2043:
719:
2285:
1412:
1191:
1177:
1172:
1159:
759:
729:
36:
2154:
1167:
1498:
607:
471:. Unlike other tribal Tai languages in the Isan region, the
329:
242:
88:
253:). There are also approximately 5000 Phuan in the
2455:
895:
285:). There they formed the tribal principality of
705:
621:"Honing tourism with blades fired in tradition"
407:, a longer women's skirt. Some villages in the
2029:
1484:
670:
1226:
495:
619:Petcharoen, Rarinthorn (30 November 2019).
541:
539:
2036:
2022:
1491:
1477:
677:
663:
618:
311:around 1350, Muang Phuan belonged to the
194:
686:Ethnic and linguistic groups in Thailand
536:
496:Schliesinger, Joachim (8 October 2011).
648:Lonely Planet Publishers, 2003, p. 393.
299:. Legend has it that it was founded by
211:), also known as Tai Phuan, Thai Puan (
2456:
479:or the local Isan/Lao trade language.
2017:
1472:
951:
658:
584:
475:is not losing ground to the standard
206:
600:
403:, a short sarong worn by men, and a
57:Regions with significant populations
13:
502:. White Lotus Co Ltd. p. 10.
14:
2490:
1998:
440:
428:
99:
81:
63:
35:
638:
612:
578:
573:Historical Dictionary of Laos.
565:
560:Historical Dictionary of Laos.
552:
547:Historical Dictionary of Laos.
531:Historical Dictionary of Laos.
523:
489:
1:
482:
7:
452:
387:, in which the province of
355:The British Vice Consul in
10:
2495:
456:
394:
272:
2474:Ethnic groups in Thailand
2469:Ethnic groups in Cambodia
2435:
2397:
2375:
2359:
2321:
2303:
2263:
2217:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2145:
2123:
2090:
2081:
2055:
2045:Ethnic groups in Cambodia
1995:
1960:
1928:
1875:
1847:
1777:
1712:
1664:
1646:
1576:
1510:
1390:
1360:
1313:
1217:
1190:
1158:
1126:
1104:
1077:
1045:
1003:
942:
886:
854:
696:
608:http://www.ethnologue.com
317:(sphere of influence) of
277:The Phuan settled in the
259:Banteay Meanchey Province
234:
224:
216:
195:
164:
159:
148:
143:
120:
115:
97:
79:
61:
56:
51:
46:
34:
27:
646:Lonely Planet: Thailand.
596:. 37, Nr. 1, 1994: 70.
594:In: "Oriens Extremus."
380:
373:E.B. Gould, Letter to
255:Mongkol Borei District
2464:Ethnic groups in Laos
1500:Ethnic groups in Laos
644:Cummings, J., et al.
409:Tha Wang Pha District
365:
361:Edward Blencowe Gould
247:Xiangkhouang Province
160:Related ethnic groups
346:Bolikhamsai Province
323:King Sourigna Vongsa
585:Grabowsky, Volker.
267:Battambang Province
24:
350:northeast Thailand
150:Theravada Buddhism
22:
2451:
2450:
2393:
2392:
2299:
2298:
2141:
2140:
2011:
2010:
1466:
1465:
1356:
1355:
1309:
1308:
1213:
1212:
1186:
1185:
1154:
1153:
1122:
1121:
1100:
1099:
1073:
1072:
1041:
1040:
999:
998:
938:
937:
897:Malayo-Polynesian
882:
881:
850:
849:
385:Laotian Civil War
183:
182:
154:Tai folk religion
16:Thai ethnic group
2486:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2088:
2087:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1961:General grouping
1493:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1311:
1310:
1224:
1223:
1188:
1187:
1156:
1155:
1124:
1123:
1102:
1101:
1075:
1074:
1043:
1042:
1001:
1000:
949:
948:
893:
892:
852:
851:
707:Southwestern Tai
703:
702:
679:
672:
665:
656:
655:
649:
642:
636:
635:
633:
631:
616:
610:
604:
598:
597:
591:
582:
576:
569:
563:
556:
550:
543:
534:
527:
521:
520:
518:
516:
493:
444:
432:
378:
377:, 4. August 1876
236:
229:) or Lao Phuan (
228:
218:
210:
205:
198:
197:
105:
103:
102:
87:
85:
84:
69:
67:
66:
47:Total population
39:
25:
21:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2431:
2389:
2371:
2355:
2317:
2295:
2259:
2213:
2174:
2137:
2119:
2077:
2051:
2049:language family
2042:
2012:
2007:
2005:Laos portal
1999:
1997:
1991:
1956:
1924:
1871:
1843:
1773:
1708:
1660:
1642:
1602:Kinh/Vietnamese
1572:
1506:
1504:language family
1497:
1467:
1462:
1386:
1352:
1305:
1209:
1182:
1150:
1118:
1096:
1069:
1037:
995:
934:
878:
846:
692:
690:language family
683:
653:
652:
643:
639:
629:
627:
617:
613:
605:
601:
589:
583:
579:
570:
566:
557:
553:
544:
537:
528:
524:
514:
512:
510:
494:
490:
485:
461:
455:
448:
445:
436:
433:
397:
379:
372:
275:
208:[pʰúan]
203:
100:
98:
82:
80:
64:
62:
42:
30:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2492:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2008:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1391:Non-Indigenous
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1051:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
957:
955:
946:
940:
939:
936:
935:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
901:
899:
890:
884:
883:
880:
879:
877:
876:
871:
866:
860:
858:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
838:
837:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
711:
709:
700:
694:
693:
682:
681:
674:
667:
659:
651:
650:
637:
611:
599:
577:
564:
551:
535:
522:
509:978-9744801791
508:
487:
486:
484:
481:
473:Phuan language
459:Phuan language
457:Main article:
454:
451:
450:
449:
446:
439:
437:
434:
427:
396:
393:
370:
274:
271:
181:
180:
162:
161:
157:
156:
146:
145:
141:
140:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
95:
94:
91:
77:
76:
73:
59:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
28:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2491:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Austroasiatic
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2125:Tibeto-Burman
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:Central Khmer
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2006:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
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1939:
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1927:
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1908:
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1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1877:Tibeto-Burman
1874:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1839:
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1249:
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1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1228:Tibeto-Burman
1225:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1179:
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964:
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950:
947:
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944:Austroasiatic
941:
931:
928:
926:
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918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
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723:
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691:
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661:
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647:
641:
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622:
615:
609:
603:
595:
588:
581:
575:2008, S. 332.
574:
568:
562:2008, S. 101.
561:
555:
549:2008, S. 266.
548:
542:
540:
533:2008, S. 165.
532:
526:
511:
505:
501:
500:
492:
488:
480:
478:
477:Thai language
474:
470:
466:
460:
443:
438:
431:
426:
425:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:pasin tin jok
402:
392:
390:
389:Xieng Khouang
386:
376:
369:
364:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
342:Mekong Valley
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:
293:
292:Xieng Khouang
289:
284:
280:
279:Plain of Jars
270:
268:
265:, as well in
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:and parts of
248:
244:
240:
232:
227:
222:
214:
209:
201:
192:
188:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
155:
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147:
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135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
108:
96:
92:
90:
78:
74:
72:
60:
55:
52:306,000 (SIL)
50:
45:
38:
33:
26:
2416:
2147:Austronesian
2083:Sino-Tibetan
1983:
1975:
1967:
1529:
1219:Sino-Tibetan
888:Austronesian
856:Northern Tai
789:
645:
640:
628:. Retrieved
625:Bangkok Post
624:
614:
602:
593:
580:
572:
571:Stuart-Fox:
567:
559:
558:Stuart-Fox:
554:
546:
545:Stuart-Fox:
530:
529:Stuart-Fox:
525:
513:. Retrieved
498:
491:
462:
404:
400:
398:
381:
366:
354:
327:
312:
301:Chet Cheuang
296:Siang Khwang
295:
291:
288:Mueang Phuan
287:
276:
217:ໄຕພວນ, ໄທພວນ
199:
187:Phuan people
186:
184:
19:Ethnic group
2479:Tai peoples
2073:Khmer Surin
1559:(White Tai)
1553:(Black Tai)
1443:Luk khrueng
1398:Australians
930:Urak Lawoi’
925:Phuket Baba
835:Khorat Thai
630:30 November
515:17 February
344:in today's
283:Khmu people
2458:Categories
2436:Expatriate
2385:Vietnamese
2068:Khmer Krom
1980:(Highland)
1977:Lao Theung
1849:Hmong–Mien
1453:Pakistanis
1362:Hmong–Mien
1205:Vietnamese
810:Tai Gapong
483:References
417:Lao people
357:Chiang Mai
305:Khun Borom
204:pronounced
166:Tai people
2399:Tai–Kadai
2100:Cantonese
1972:(Lowland)
1783:Palaungic
1627:Phon Sung
1547:(Red Tai)
1545:Tai Daeng
1343:Cantonese
1338:Hainanese
1281:Phrae Pwo
1005:Palaungic
800:Tai Daeng
795:Tai Bueng
765:Lao Wiang
750:Lao Ngaew
735:Lao Krang
469:Thai Loei
239:Theravada
237:), are a
116:Languages
2422:Tai Nyaw
2189:Bahnaric
2170:Javanese
1985:Lao Sung
1969:Lao Loum
1832:Xinh Mun
1714:Bahnaric
1563:Tai Maen
1557:Tai Khao
1535:Phu Thai
1433:Japanese
1428:Iranians
1418:Filipino
1408:Chin Haw
1092:Nyah Kur
1060:Northern
842:Thai Yai
830:Thai Noi
825:Tai Wang
785:Phu Thai
775:Tai Yuan
755:Lao Song
745:Lao Loum
467:and the
465:Thai Dam
453:Language
421:Songkran
371:—
338:deported
319:Lan Xang
263:Cambodia
251:Houaphan
178:Tai Thai
174:Tai Isan
144:Religion
107:Cambodia
71:Thailand
29:ພວນ, พวน
2443:Indians
2209:Tampuan
2197:Central
2115:Teochew
2110:Hokkien
2092:Sinitic
1946:Kaleung
1936:Chinese
1840:(Kiorr)
1763:Talieng
1753:Nyaheun
1733:Kataang
1729:(Lavae)
1633:Thavung
1568:Tai Nüa
1551:Tai Dam
1512:Lao-Tai
1458:Swedish
1448:Nepalis
1438:Koreans
1423:Indians
1403:Burmese
1380:Iu Mien
1348:Hokchew
1328:Hokkien
1323:Teochew
1315:Sinitic
1064:Western
1033:Palaung
820:Tai Nüa
805:Tai Dam
740:Lao Lom
698:Kra–Dai
395:Culture
348:and to
334:Vietnam
314:mandala
309:Fa Ngum
273:History
170:Tai Lao
93:100,000
75:200,000
2377:Vietic
2367:Kchruk
2346:Sa'och
2336:Samrai
2323:Pearic
2305:Katuic
2286:Kreung
2281:Klueng
2255:Thmaun
2250:Stieng
2245:Ra'ong
2240:Bunong
2225:Khaonh
2204:Kachok
1988:(Hill)
1953:(Lawi)
1915:Phunoi
1910:Phana'
1862:Lanten
1838:Samtao
1834:(Puoc)
1817:Mlabri
1758:Sedang
1689:Makong
1666:Katuic
1629:(Aheu)
1617:Maleng
1578:Vietic
1413:Farang
1286:Phunoi
1192:Vietic
1178:Kensiu
1173:Kintaq
1160:Aslian
1146:Sa'och
1128:Pearic
1106:Katuic
971:Mlabri
953:Khmuic
920:Moklen
815:Kaleun
770:Tai Lu
760:Lao Ti
730:Lao Ga
506:
401:pakama
235:ລາວພວນ
200:Phouan
104:
86:
68:
2417:Phuan
2360:Other
2341:Samre
2276:Kavet
2230:Kraol
2218:South
2160:Jarai
2155:Chams
2133:Bamar
2105:Hakka
2056:Khmer
1929:Other
1920:Si La
1900:Kaduo
1857:Hmong
1822:Lamet
1807:Khamu
1803:(Lua)
1796:Khang
1770:(Jeh)
1748:Laven
1704:Ta Oi
1694:Pacoh
1679:Ca Tu
1656:Khmer
1648:Khmer
1622:Phong
1598:(May)
1530:Phuan
1370:Hmong
1333:Hakka
1301:Ugong
1296:S'gaw
1251:Kayah
1246:Karen
1168:Maniq
1141:Chong
1079:Monic
1055:Khmer
1047:Khmer
1018:Lamet
1013:Blang
915:Moken
910:Malay
790:Phuan
780:Nyong
590:(PDF)
294:also
226:ไทพวน
138:Lanna
122:Phuan
111:5,000
23:Phuan
2427:Thai
2407:Shan
2351:Suoy
2271:Brao
2264:West
2165:Rade
1951:Lavy
1905:Lahu
1895:Kado
1890:Hani
1885:Akha
1827:O Du
1801:Htin
1779:Khmu
1738:Jeng
1727:Brau
1722:Alak
1612:Liha
1607:Krih
1596:Chut
1586:Atel
1540:Saek
1276:Pa'O
1266:Lolo
1261:Lisu
1256:Lahu
1241:Bisu
1236:Akha
1200:Aheu
1136:Pear
1023:Lawa
981:Pray
976:Phai
961:Khmu
905:Cham
869:Nyaw
864:Saek
720:Khün
715:Isan
632:2019
517:2016
504:ISBN
415:and
413:Isan
375:Knox
330:Siam
243:Isan
221:Thai
185:The
134:Isan
126:Thai
89:Laos
2412:Lao
2331:Por
2313:Kuy
2291:Lun
2235:Mel
2047:by
1941:Doi
1867:Yao
1812:Keu
1791:Bit
1768:Yae
1699:Sou
1684:Kuy
1674:Bru
1638:Tum
1520:Lao
1502:by
1375:Yao
1291:Pwo
1271:Mpi
1114:Kuy
1087:Mon
1028:Mok
991:Bru
986:Tin
966:Lua
874:Yoy
725:Lao
688:by
290:or
261:in
257:of
231:Lao
213:Lao
196:ພວນ
193:),
191:พวน
130:Lao
2460::
1743:Oy
1591:Bo
1525:Lu
623:.
592:.
538:^
423:.
359:,
352:.
332:,
233::
223::
219:;
215::
202:,
176:,
172:,
168:,
152:,
136:,
132:,
128:,
124:,
2037:e
2030:t
2023:v
1781:-
1492:e
1485:t
1478:v
678:e
671:t
664:v
634:.
519:.
189:(
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