1856:: Code of Virginia § 18.2-312. Illegal use of tear gas, phosgene, and other gases. "If any person maliciously releases or cause or procure to be released in any private home, place of business or place of public gathering any tear gas, mustard gas, phosgene gas or other noxious or nauseating gases or mixtures of chemicals designed to, and capable of, producing vile or injurious or nauseating odors or gases, and bodily injury results to any person from such gas or odor, the offending person shall be guilty of a Class 3 felony. If such act be done unlawfully, but not maliciously, the offending person shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the use of tear gas or other gases by police officers or other peace officers in the proper performance of their duties, or by any person or persons in the protection of the person, life or property."
27:
962:
the general feeling of sudden and intense searing pain about the face, nose, and throat. This is due to irritation of mucous membranes. Many people experience fear and are disoriented due to sudden restriction of vision even though it is temporary. There is associated shortness of breath, although studies performed with asthmatics have not produced any asthma attacks in those individuals, and monitoring is still needed for the individuals after exposure. Police are trained to repeatedly instruct targets to breathe normally if they complain of difficulty, as the shock of the exposure can generate considerable panic as opposed to actual physical symptoms.
1680:: Pepper spray in Switzerland is subject to the Chemicals Legislation. It may only be distributed to buyers above 18 years of age and against ID evidence. Self-service is not permitted and the customer ought to be made aware of safe storage, use and disposal. The vendor needs to possess the "Know-how for the distribution of particularly hazardous chemicals". Potential mailing has to be shipped by registered courier with the remark "to addressee only". The products must be classified and labeled at least an irritant (Xi;R36/37). Regulations for aerosol packages need to be observed. Sprays with
1694:
1781:: As of January 1, 1996 and as a result of Assembly Bill 830 (Speier), the pepper spray and Mace programs are now deregulated. Consumers will no longer be required to have the training, and a certificate is not required to purchase or possess these items. Pepper spray and Mace are available through gun shops, sporting goods stores, and other business outlets. California Penal Code Section 12400–12460 govern pepper spray use in California. Container holding the defense spray must contain no more than 2.5 ounces (71 g) net weight of aerosol spray.
953:
beyond the effects described above. Due to these studies and deaths, many law enforcement agencies have moved to include policies and training to prevent positional deaths. However, there are some scientific studies that argue the positional asphyxiation claim is a myth due to pinpoint pressure on a person. The study by two universities stressed that no pressure should be applied to the neck area. They concluded that the person's own weight is not scientifically enough to stop a person's breathing with the rest of their body supported.
1945:: Possession of pepper spray by unauthorized persons is illegal, under an amendment of the Police Offences Act 1935, being classified as an "offensive weapon". Likewise, possession of knives, batons, and any other instrument that may be considered, "Offensive Weapons" if they are possessed by an individual, in a Public Place, "Without lawful excuse", leading to confusion within the police force over what constitutes "lawful excuse". Self-defense as a lawful excuse to carry such items varies from one officer to the next.
853:
930:(ACLU) documented 27 people in police custody who died after exposure to pepper spray in California since 1993. However, the ACLU report counts all deaths occurring within hours of exposure to pepper spray regardless of prior interaction, taser use, or if drugs are involved. In all 27 cases listed by the ACLU, the coroners' report listed other factors as the primary cause of death; in a few cases the use of pepper spray may have been a contributing factor.
1066:
937:, and a UNC study in 2000 stated that the compound in peppers, capsaicin, is mildly mutagenic, and 10% of mice exposed to it developed cancer. Where the study also found many beneficial effects of capsaicin, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration released statements declaring exposure of employees to OC is an unnecessary health risk. As of 1999, it was in use by more than 2,000 public safety agencies.
748:
and 2%. The federal government of the United States has determined that bear attack deterrent sprays must contain at least 1.0% and not more than 2% CRC. Because the six different types of capsaicinoids under the CRC heading has different levels of potency (up to 2× on the SHU scale), the measurement does not fully represent the strength. Manufacturers do not state which particular type of capsaicinoids are used.
4563:
598:
1793:: Before July 1, 2014, residents may purchase defense sprays only from licensed Firearms Dealers in that state, and must hold a valid Firearms Identification Card (FID) or License to Carry Firearms (LTC) to purchase or to possess outside of one's own private property. New legislations allow residents to purchase pepper spray without a Firearms Identification Card starting July 1.
861:
762:(SHU) is a common indication of pepper spiciness. It does take into account the different potency of CRC compounds, but it cannot be reliably used in pepper spray because it measures the strength of the dry product, i.e. the OC resin and not what comes in the aerosol spray. As the resin is always diluted to make it spray-able, the SHU rating is not useful on its own.
3436:
941:
approved pepper spray for FBI use. Prosecutors said that from
December 1989 through 1990, Ward received about $ 5,000 a month for a total of $ 57,500, from Luckey Police Products, a Fort Lauderdale, Florida-based company that was a major producer and supplier of pepper spray. The payments were paid through a Florida company owned by Ward's wife.
1746:—while legal to be carried by anyone, it is against the law if its use causes "a risk of imminent death or serious bodily harm to another person" or harming the environment and carries a penalty up to a fine of $ 500,000 and jail time of maximum 3 years. Carrying bear spray in public, without justification, may also lead to charges under the
3531:"Regolamento concernente la definizione delle caratteristiche tecniche degli strumenti di autodifesa che nebulizzano un principio attivo naturale a base di Oleoresin Capsicum e che non abbiano attitudine a recare offesa alla persona, in attuazione dell'articolo 3, comma 32, della legge n. 94/2009. (11G0142) (GU n. 157 del 8-7-2011)"
900:"Past experience has shown that to rely on manufacturers unsubstantiated claims about the absence of hazards is unwise. In the US, companies making crowd control weapons, (e.g. pepper-gas manufacturer Zarc International), have put their technical data in the public domain without loss of profitability."
1684:
relevant propellants such as R134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethan) are banned. Spray products for self-defense with irritants such as CA, CS, CN, CR are considered as weapons in terms of the gun control law. The weapon purchase permit, as well as the weapon carrier permit, are required for the purchase of
747:
The US federal government uses CRC (capsaicin and related capsaicinoids) content for regulation. CRC is the pain-producing component of the OC that produces the burning sensation. Personal pepper sprays can range from a low of 0.18% to a high of 3%. Most law enforcement pepper sprays use between 1.3%
1876:
By regulation, OC products with a maximum OC concentration of 10% and weight range of oleoresin of capsicum and inert ingredients of 15–60 grams (0.53–2.12 oz) are authorized. Further, the product cannot be camouflaged and must have a safety feature designed to prevent accidental discharge. The
961:
For individuals not previously exposed to OC effects, the general feelings after being sprayed can be best likened to being "set alight". The initial reaction, should the spray be directed at the face, is the involuntary closing of the eyes, an instant sensation of the restriction of the airways and
952:
of individuals in police custody. There is much debate over the actual cause of death in these cases. There have been few controlled clinical studies of the human health effects of pepper spray marketed for police use, and those studies are contradictory. Some studies have found no harmful effects
1734:
Pepper spray designed to be used against people is considered a prohibited weapon in Canada. The definition under regulation states "any device designed to be used for the purpose of injuring, immobilizing or otherwise incapacitating any person by the discharge therefrom of (a) tear gas, Mace or
940:
The head of the FBI's Less-Than-Lethal
Weapons Program at the time of the 1991 study, Special Agent Thomas W. W. Ward, was fired by the FBI and was sentenced to two months in prison for receiving payments from a pepper-gas manufacturer while conducting and authoring the FBI study that eventually
647:
as the active ingredient that irritates the eyes to cause burning and pain sensations, as well as temporary blindness. Its inflammatory effects cause the eyes to close, temporarily taking away vision. This temporary blindness allows officers to more easily restrain subjects and permits people in
2023:
In June 2002, West
Australian resident Rob Hall was convicted for using a canister of pepper spray to break up an altercation between two guests at his home in Midland. He was sentenced to a good behavior bond and granted a spent conviction order, which he appealed to the Supreme Court. Justice
751:
Using the OC concentration is unreliable because the concentration of CRC (and potency of these compounds) can vary. Some manufacturers may show a very high percentage of OC, but the resin itself may not be spicy enough. Higher OC content only reliably implies a higher oil content, which may be
875:
agent. It inflames the mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. It causes immediate closing of the eyes, difficulty breathing, runny nose, and coughing. The duration of its effects depends on the strength of the spray; the average full effect lasts from 20 to 90 minutes, but eye
2027:
On 14 March 2012, a person dressed entirely in black entered the public gallery of the New South Wales
Legislative Council and launched a paper plane into the air in the form of a petition to Police Minister Mike Gallacher calling on the government to allow civilians to carry capsicum spray.
1397:
However, if it contains less than 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz), while still a
Category 6 Weapon, it is not classed as a punishable offense for the purposes of the Weapons law. Upon control, it will be confiscated and a verbal warning might be
1805:: Allows "reasonable use" of spray containing not more than 18% oleoresin capsicum to protect "a person or property under circumstances that would justify the person's use of physical force". It is illegal to distribute a "self-defense spray" to a person under 18 years of age.
1799:: Any pepper spray containing no more than 2 ounces (57 g) of chemical can be carried in public openly or concealed without a permit. Furthermore, any such pepper spray is classified as "self-defense chemical spray" and therefore not considered a weapon under Florida law.
3651:"Приказ Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития РФ от 22.10.2008 N 583н "О разрешении к применению слезоточивых и раздражающих веществ в составе патронов к газовому оружию, механических распылителей, аэрозольных и других устройств гражданского оружия самообороны""
1393:
It is classified as a
Category D Weapon in French law and if the aerosol contains more than 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz), it is classed as an offensive weapon; possession in a public place can be punished by confiscation and a fine.
1040:
Oleoresin capsicum, also known as capsicum oleoresin, is also used in food and medicine. In food, it serves as a concentrated and predictable source of spiciness. The food industry has accordingly changed to prefer a combination of milder and more predictable strains of
3433:
1568:: It is legal for civilians over the age of 16 to buy, own and carry pepper spray but it is illegal to carry it in a way that it is shown to other people in public spaces or disturb people with it in any way. You are allowed to use it as a self-defense tool if needed.
1346:
Possession is illegal for anyone other than police officers, police agents (assistant police officers), security officers of public transport companies, soldiers and customs officers to carry a capsicum spray. It's also authorised after obtaining permission from the
1758:
It is a federal offense to carry/ship pepper spray on a commercial airliner or possess it in the secure area of an airport. State law and local ordinances regarding possession and use vary across the country. Pepper spray up to 4 Oz is permitted in checked baggage.
944:
Direct close-range spray can cause more serious eye irritation by attacking the cornea with a concentrated stream of liquid (the so-called "hydraulic needle" effect). Some brands have addressed this problem by means of an elliptically cone-shaped spray pattern.
1784:
Certain individuals are still prohibited from possessing pepper spray, including minors under the age of 16, convicted felons, individuals convicted of certain drug offenses, individuals convicted of assault, and individuals convicted of misusing pepper
1948:
Pepper spray is commercially available without a license. Authority to possess and use
Oleoresin Capsicum devices remains with Tasmania Police Officers (As part of general-issue operational equipment), and Tasmanian Justice Department (H.M. Prisons)
914:"Research on chemical irritants should be published in open scientific journals before authorization for any usage is permitted and that the safety criteria for such chemicals should be treated as if they were drugs rather than riot control agents;"
2071:"Most" law enforcement grade pepper spray is measured anywhere from 500,000 to 2,000,000 SHU, which gives a median number of 1,250,000. While there are sprays that far exceed this amount, the actual strength of the spray depends on the dilution
992:
Many ambulance services and emergency departments carry saline to remove the spray. Some of the OC and CS will remain in the respiratory system, but a recovery of vision and the coordination of the eyes can be expected within 7 to 15 minutes.
1898:: Classified as a weapon by Federal Act n° 3665/2000 (Regulation for Fiscalization of Controlled Products). Only law enforcement officers and private security agents with a recognized Less Lethal Weapons training certificate can carry it.
973:
is not soluble in water, and even large volumes of water will not wash it off, only dilute it. In general, victims are encouraged to blink vigorously in order to encourage tears, which will help flush the irritant from the eyes.
1963:: The possession of pepper spray by individuals for self-defense subject to a "reasonable excuse" test has been legal in Western Australia following the landmark Supreme Court decision in Hall v Collins WASCA 74 (4 April 2003).
2362:
Govindarajan, Sathyanarayana (1991). "Capsicum — Production, Technology, Chemistry, and
Quality. Part V. Impact on Physiology, Pharmacology, Nutrition, and Metabolism; Structure, Pungency, Pain, and Desensitization Sequences".
1705:: Called legally "Tearing and irritating aerosols (gas canisters)", sprays are not considered a weapon and can be carried by anyone over 18 without further registration or permission. It is classified as a self-defense device.
839:
Gel compound: has greater accuracy and a reduced risk of blowback and area cross-contamination as the carrying gel does not disperse over a large area. The gel compound also adheres to the target making it more difficult to
1880:
In addition there are certain labeling and packaging requirements, it must not be sold to anyone under 18 and the phone number of the manufacturer has to be on the label. The units must also be sold in sealed tamper-proof
3779:Постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 07 вересня 1993 року № 706 «Про порядок продажу, придбання, реєстрації, обліку і застосування спеціальних засобів самооборони, заряджених речовинами сльозоточивої та дратівної дії»
989:, milk, or water) concluded that: "...there was no significant difference in pain relief provided by five different treatment regimens. Time after exposure appeared to be the best predictor for a decrease in pain...".
4073:
8425:
7561:
7296:
2704:
Reay DT. Forensic pathology, part 1: death in custody. Clinics in Lab Med 1998;18:19–20; Watson WA, Stremel KR, and
Westdorp EJ. Oleoresin capsicum (cap-stun) toxicity from aerosol exposures. Ann Pharmacotherapy
1849:
law makes it legal for an individual to possess a small, commercially sold container of pepper spray for personal self-defense. However, Texas law otherwise makes it illegal to carry a "Chemical dispensing
2011:
rating of these sprays are 500,000 (sabre MK9 HVS unit) and 2,000,000 (Sabre, cell buster fog delivery). This was as a result of excessive staff assaults and a two-year trial in ten prisons throughout the
3705:
690:
Kamran
Loghman, the person who developed it for use in riot control, wrote the guide for police departments on how it should be used. It was successfully adopted, except for improper usages such as when
1773:
Pepper spray can be legally purchased and carried in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Some states regulate the maximum allowed strength of the pepper spray, age restriction, content and use.
3299:
of 10 June 2006 tot regeling van het model, de inhoud, de wijze van dragen en het gebruik van spuitbussen en handboeien door de leden van de veiligheidsdiensten van de openbare vervoersmaatschappijen (
3110:
1515:
Containing a payload not exceeding 20 ml (0.70 imp fl oz; 0.68 US fl oz), with a percentage of Oleoresin Capsicum not exceeding 10% and a maximum concentration of
6718:
3827:"Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted (SOR/98-462)"
648:
danger to use pepper spray in self-defense for an opportunity to escape. It also causes temporary discomfort and burning of the lungs which causes shortness of breath. Pepper spray is used as a
3530:
4173:
3885:
812:
police units and security guards use tear gas ejectors with OC, CS or CN gases. These are defined as a "restricted" weapon that only police officers, as well as approved security, can use.
1337:: Pepper spray is classified as a self-defense device, they may be owned and carried by adults without registration or permission. Justified use against humans as self-defense is allowed.
2560:
3568:
1937:
This legislation makes it an offense for someone without a permit, normally anyone who is not an officer of Police/Correctional Services/Customs/Defence, to carry a prohibited weapon.
2894:
825:
Cone pattern dispersion - wide pattern, don't have to aim precisely. It can be blown back by wind and if used inside a building, will eventually make room temporarily uninhabitable.
743:
Determining the strength of pepper sprays made by different manufacturers can be confusing and difficult. Statements a company makes about their product strength are not regulated.
717:
in the form of oleoresin capsicum (OC). Extraction of OC from peppers requires capsicum to be finely ground, from which capsaicin is then extracted using an organic solvent such as
8186:
4574:
3131:
2807:"A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Treatment Regimens for Acute Pain for Topical Oleoresin Capsaicin (Pepper Spray) Exposure in Adult Volunteers - Prehospital Emergency Care"
2282:
3680:
1715:: "A person commits an offence if he has in his possession any weapon of whatever description designed or adapted for the discharge of any noxious liquid, gas or other thing."
894:
The European Parliament Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA) published in 1998 "An Appraisal of Technologies of Political Control" The STOA appraisal states:
4388:
4069:
6950:
6711:
1666:
OC pepper spray, recently adopted for some civilian use (e.g., one of 22 grams , with no registration DGSP-07-22-SDP, is approved by the Ministry of Health and Consumption).
4443:
3316:[Prevention of assault] (in Czech). Policie České republiky – KŘP Královéhradeckého kraje (Police of the Czech Republic - Hradec Kralove region KRP). Archived from
5216:
2521:"Effects of Oleoresin Capsicum Pepper Spray on Human Corneal Morphology and Sensitivity - Vesaluoma et al. 41 (8): 2138 - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"
1424:
1032:
or similar platform. It has been used for years against demonstrators and aggressive animals like bears. There are also many types such as foam, gel, foggers, and spray.
695:. Loghman commented, "I have never seen such an inappropriate and improper use of chemical agents", prompting court rulings completely barring its use on docile persons.
5297:
1735:
other gas, or (b) any liquid, spray, powder or other substance that is capable of injuring, immobilizing or otherwise incapacitating any person" is a prohibited weapon.
3978:
1611:: Civilians who do not have criminal records are allowed to get police permits to purchase from gun shops, carry, and use OC sprays with a maximum concentration of 5%.
1742:
may legally carry or possess pepper spray labeled for use on persons. Any similar canister with the labels reading "dog spray" or "bear spray" is regulated under the
1365:
Carrying at public demonstrations and into court buildings is illegal (pepper spray as well as other weapons may be left with armed guard upon entry of a courthouse).
3359:
2996:
1995:
Front-line police officers have routinely carried pepper spray since 1997. New Zealand Prison Service made OC spray available for use in approved situations in 2013.
6704:
2203:
2167:
3701:
1928:: Possession of pepper spray by unauthorized persons is illegal, under schedule 1 of the Weapons Prohibition Act 1998, being classified as a "prohibited weapon".
4538:
2313:
4047:
2024:
Christine Wheeler ruled in his favor, thereby legalizing pepper spray in the state on a case-by-case basis for those who are able to show a reasonable excuse.
5054:
433:
272:
4169:
3106:
1617:: Pepper spray is banned at sporting and cultural events, public transportation and entertainment locations (according to Penal Code 2012, art 372, (1), c).
7904:
7189:
6923:
4468:
8132:
4211:
3537:
572:
4337:
1828:
It must be purchased in person (i.e., cannot be purchased by mail-order or internet sale) either at a pharmacy or from a licensed firearm retailer (
4010:
3881:
3730:
1643:: Pepper spray is legal under the new law as of 2016 and can be carried by anyone over the age of 16. Use against humans in self-defence is legal.
920:
For those taking drugs, or those subjected to restraining techniques that restrict the breathing passages, there is a risk of death. In 1995, the
7428:
4311:
3085:
2187:
Sabre Red=10% OC @ 2,000,000 Scoville Heat Units. Thus, 90% of the formulation dilutes the 2,000,000 SHUs creating a Scoville Content of 200,000.
3859:
3056:
2519:
Vesaluoma, Minna; Müller, Linda; Gallar, Juana; Lambiase, Alessandro; Moilanen, Jukka; Hack, Tapani; Belmonte, Carlos; Tervo, Timo (July 2000).
883:
published a study that concluded that single exposure of the eye to OC is harmless, but repeated exposure can result in long-lasting changes in
7433:
3465:
1815:: Non-felons over the age of 18 can possess a small amount of pepper spray, with no more than three-quarters of an ounce of chemical substance.
3163:
2553:
2145:
8515:
8375:
7387:
7316:
1763:
1382:
Licenses are issued for defensive purposes and to individuals working jobs where such a device is needed such as the private security sector.
3830:
2842:
7566:
4289:
2468:
3488:
2228:
8370:
8231:
7626:
7525:
7478:
7408:
3141:
3756:
2272:
8475:
3676:
2763:
2489:
2450:
1674:: Requires weapons licence, essentially always illegal to carry in public or private. Issued as supplementary service weapon to police.
1550:: Classified as D category weapon, but can be bought and carried by anyone over 18 years of age (without registration nor permission).
1241:: There are no laws against possession or use, but using it could result in imprisonment, depending on the damage caused to the target.
3603:
2597:"Pepper Spray Update: More Fatalities, More Questions | United States Environmental Protection Agency | American Government"
8490:
4601:
3505:
7468:
4384:
4236:
2777:
1176:: Forbidden for civilians, it is used only by law enforcement agencies. Underground trade leads to some civilian self-defense use.
3398:
3313:
7707:
7679:
4439:
4148:
4123:
4098:
7346:
4358:
1689:(RSG-2000) and is introduced during watch functions. The military bearer permit is granted after passing the half-day training.
1577:
Only police officers trained in the specific use of pepper spray are allowed to carry and use it against civilians and animals.
1522:
Containing no flammable, corrosive, toxic or carcinogenic substances, and no other aggressive chemical compound than OC itself;
2596:
1877:
units may not have an effective range of over 20 feet (6.1 m) and must have an effective range of six feet (1.8 m).
1512:
could possess, carry and purchase any OC-based compounds and personal defence devices that respond to the following criteria:
7733:
7699:
3970:
3027:
2927:
565:
2249:
6727:
3596:"Rozdział 2. Zasady i warunki wydawania, cofania pozwoleń na broń, rejestracji broni oraz dysponowania bronią i amunicją".
3375:
2992:
2648:
8470:
7586:
7326:
5813:
3805:
1697:
Police, like this Swedish police officer in riot gear at a 2007 demonstration, may use pepper spray to control civilians.
809:
4492:
3417:
2734:
2532:
2199:
2175:
1282:: Travellers are prohibited from bringing pepper spray into the country, and it is illegal for the public to possess it.
5429:
3924:
2091:
1356:
1348:
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5434:
4530:
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1105:
4043:
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26:
5272:
4715:
4257:
3629:
2103:
Most law enforcement sprays have a pungency of 500,000 to 2 million SHU. One brand has sprays with 5.3 million SHU.
558:
8548:
7861:
6680:
4903:
3906:
1718:
Police officers are exempt from this law and permitted to carry pepper spray as part of their standard equipment.
546:
3227:
1291:
Requires a permit to distribute, own, carry pepper sprays containing pre-compressed gas or explosive propellent.
8435:
7856:
7851:
7301:
6161:
5970:
5724:
4567:
4464:
3946:
1230:: OC and CS spray cans may be purchased by any member of the public without restriction and carried in public.
1183:
1087:
927:
692:
1412:
may be owned and carried by all citizens regardless of age. Such sprays are not legally considered as weapons
1048:
OC used for food is generally rated between 80 000 and 500 000 SHU, roughly equivalent to 0.6-3.9% capsaicin.
7836:
7831:
6778:
6156:
5404:
4594:
3654:
1083:
805:
4579:
2416:
1487:
Police officers and customs officers carry it. Coast guardsmen as well as prison officers have access to it.
1429:
8578:
8573:
8544:
7821:
7382:
5756:
5302:
2399:"Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Use of Police Implements and Arms by the People's Police"
1919:
4203:
2398:
1835:
The use of pepper spray to prevent a public official from performing his/her official duties is a class-E
1490:
Members of the riot police use larger pepper-spray canisters than what is used by a normal police officer.
5538:
5482:
5476:
5398:
5373:
5267:
4830:
4333:
1973:
designates "an article designed or adapted to discharge oleoresin capsicum spray" as a prohibited weapon.
1233:
In the 1980s, a firearms license was required for doing so, but these sprays have since been deregulated.
1119:
6146:
4002:
1390:: It is legal for anyone over the age of 18 to buy pepper spray in an armory or military surplus store.
6667:
6377:
5845:
5424:
5171:
3726:
864:
794:
3077:
3048:
2716:
8568:
6635:
6043:
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2334:
1998:
1979:: in Queensland, pepper spray is considered an offensive weapon and can not be used for self-defence.
1450:: Such items are illegal. They will be confiscated and possession may result in detention and arrest.
1197:, it is a crime to possess and can result in a fine of $ 100,000 and imprisonment for up to 14 years.
458:
3851:
3582:
3457:
2876:
2352:
National Institute of Justice. Oleoresin Capsaicum: Pepper Spray as a Force Alternative. March 1994.
1865:
Persons over age 14 may carry personal-protection spray devices with their legal guardian's consent.
500:
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1362:
Police also encourage vulnerable groups like pensioners, children, and women to carry pepper spray.
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3826:
3276:
926:
reported at least 61 deaths associated with police use of pepper spray since 1990 in the USA. The
8127:
7909:
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3554:
2972:"Paprika extract (CTA) 2008 - Page 1(11) PAPRIKA EXTRACT Chemical and Technical Assessment (CTA)"
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1025:
949:
934:
771:
There are several counterparts of pepper spray developed and legal to possess in some countries.
756:
oil is less able to soak and penetrate skin. Solutions of more than 5% OC may not spray properly.
20:
4285:
2464:
8430:
8277:
7994:
7866:
7772:
7138:
6783:
5925:
5679:
5507:
4858:
4848:
4695:
3485:
2908:
2224:
1747:
1442:
CS sprays bearing a test mark of the MPA may be owned and carried by anyone over the age of 14.
1417:
1259:: Possession and use for self-defense is legal and its available at physical and online stores.
1194:
1146:: Assistant Police Commissioner stated that pepper sprays are illegal for civilians to possess.
740:) base for a more penetrating product, but a risk of fire is present if combined with a taser.
145:
135:
3509:
721:. The solvent is then evaporated, and the remaining waxlike resin is the oleoresin capsaicin.
8583:
8105:
6297:
5824:
5625:
5533:
4030:
3752:
3296:
3272:
391:
3338:
2497:
2442:
2004:
are permitted to carry OC spray under a special agreement due to the nature of their duties.
8485:
8306:
8248:
8177:
8085:
8038:
7473:
7336:
7274:
7254:
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6624:
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6033:
5960:
5915:
5880:
5860:
5409:
4908:
4778:
4772:
4710:
4619:
4490:
What is the safety of "pepper spray" use by law enforcement or mental health service staff?
3597:
1966:
1630:
1210:
They are sold via government-approved companies after performing a background verification.
1001:
445:
106:
101:
4070:"Mass. Senate Backs Purchase of Pepper Spray Without ID - Massachusetts news - Boston.com"
1821:: Can be legally possessed by any person age 18 or over. Restricted to no more than 0.67%
1693:
8:
8390:
8310:
8252:
8210:
8152:
7920:
7099:
6657:
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5548:
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5358:
5128:
4939:
4766:
4740:
4730:
4700:
3777:
2676:
1499:
1495:
1016:
Pepper spray typically comes in canisters, which are often small enough to be carried or
463:
428:
423:
319:
196:
96:
4232:
3626:"Статья 3 Закон об Оружии. Гражданское оружие - Кодексы и Законы РФ + Судебная практика"
2788:
2350:
1423:
Sprays that are not labelled "animal-defence spray" or do not bear the test mark of the
1045:
and OC for flavoring. In medicine, OC is used in a number of products for external use.
8271:
8137:
7932:
7878:
7443:
7117:
7009:
6795:
6742:
6685:
6543:
6498:
6457:
6357:
5835:
5802:
5729:
5543:
5337:
4705:
4095:"Florida Statues 790.01 Unlicensed carrying of concealed weapons or concealed firearms"
3395:
3317:
3136:
2834:
2661:
2277:
2121:
1931:
1859:
1464:
1463:
Civilians may carry canisters filled with maximum 20 grams (0.71 oz) of any other
649:
4144:
4119:
3602:(in Polish). Marszałek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2004-03-18. pp. art. 11.
1588:
Police officers are allowed to carry pepper spray as part of their standard equipment.
1542:
Pepper spray handguns can be bought and carried without any license by anyone over 18.
1294:
Pepper sprays without any pre-compressed gas or explosive propellent are unrestricted.
1253:: Possession and use for self-defense are legal, and it is freely available in stores.
8465:
7988:
7576:
7499:
7490:
7321:
7090:
7045:
7035:
6980:
6933:
6733:
6503:
6362:
6282:
5930:
5890:
5850:
5704:
5523:
5518:
5464:
5459:
5439:
5393:
4653:
4500:
4261:
4094:
3367:
2826:
2638:
2380:
1960:
1767:
1712:
1597:
1265:: Possession and use for self-defense is legal, and it is freely available in stores.
1049:
922:
788:
737:
641:
525:
66:
4362:
3248:
2838:
1934:: Prescribed by regulation to be a prohibited weapon under the Weapons Control Act.
1663:: Approved pepper spray made with 5% CS is available to anyone older than 18 years.
1020:
in a pocket or purse. Pepper spray can also be purchased concealed in items such as
8400:
8166:
8004:
7413:
7074:
6758:
6640:
6467:
6347:
5910:
5885:
5875:
5553:
5419:
5363:
5118:
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5064:
5059:
5049:
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5039:
4991:
4980:
4840:
4680:
4659:
4648:
4614:
4312:"The one place in Australia where it's legal to have pepper spray for self-defence"
3536:. Ministero dell'Interno (Italian Ministry of Interior). 2012-06-01. Archived from
2818:
2372:
2116:
2042:
1922:: Pepper spray is a "prohibited weapon", making it an offence to possess or use it.
1818:
1457:
1316:
It is an offense to use pepper spray on anyone for reasons other than self-defense.
1274:
It is an offense to use pepper spray on anyone for reasons other than self-defense.
1017:
729:
287:
282:
277:
267:
262:
257:
226:
128:
71:
5021:
4931:
3486:
175/2003. (X. 28.) Korm. rendelet a közbiztonságra különösen veszélyes eszközökről
3019:
2559:. European Parliament, Directorate General for Research. June 2000. p. v-vi.
1957:: in South Australia, possession of pepper spray without lawful excuse is illegal.
1623:: It is classified as a self-defense weapon and can be carried by anyone over 18.
1525:
Being sealed when sold and featuring a safety device against accidental discharge;
1413:
1052:
is a different extract, containing very little heat and mostly used for coloring.
732:
is used to suspend OC in water, and the suspension is then pressurized to make an
19:
This article is about the chemical compound. For devices used to dispense it, see
8520:
8440:
8243:
8236:
7638:
7631:
7571:
7483:
7351:
7306:
6853:
6763:
6523:
6302:
6018:
5771:
5694:
5674:
5596:
4690:
4670:
4496:
3702:"Každá žena sa môže stať obeťou trestného činu, buďte preto opatrné a pripravené"
3492:
3440:
3421:
3402:
2554:"CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appraisal of technologies for political control)"
2520:
2047:
2001:
1954:
1925:
1509:
1456:: Such items are reserved for law enforcement (including civilian members of the
1182:: Forbidden for civilians, it is legal to possess and use only by the members of
1005:
362:
45:
1685:
such weapons. In 2009, the Swiss Army introduced for the military personnel the
8267:
8182:
7952:
7874:
7581:
7113:
7020:
6990:
6883:
6791:
6442:
6382:
6307:
6246:
5980:
5920:
5669:
5110:
4881:
4806:
4720:
3882:"Vancouver police warn of criminal charges for carrying bear spray in the city"
2615:
2008:
1708:
1681:
1560:
Police also encourages vulnerable groups like pensioners or women to carry one.
776:
759:
672:
606:
405:
298:
154:
3801:
3195:
3078:"Self-defense gadgets popular after hotel assault - China - Chinadaily.com.cn"
2822:
2376:
1189:
Such devices are classified as "arms" under the "Laws of Hong Kong". Chap 238
8562:
8500:
8480:
8075:
7790:
7621:
7601:
7331:
7219:
7030:
6903:
6820:
6646:
6593:
6588:
6518:
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6327:
6312:
6266:
6091:
6054:
6023:
5870:
5719:
5602:
5528:
5454:
4825:
4750:
4675:
4609:
4489:
3414:
3371:
2745:
1904:: Can be sold without any kind of restriction to anyone older than 14 years.
1790:
1502:(national police) is an offence under the Firearms and Offensive Weapons Act.
1029:
888:
852:
693:
police sprayed peaceful protestors at University of California, Davis in 2011
661:
510:
89:
3920:
3569:"Tamsus paros metas ilgėja: Pasakė geriausią priemonę apsiginti nuo plėšikų"
8380:
8196:
8156:
8089:
8079:
8070:
8065:
8008:
7966:
7556:
7341:
7250:
7163:
6975:
6970:
6873:
6598:
6548:
6332:
6322:
6277:
6241:
6236:
5994:
5905:
5807:
5751:
5714:
5663:
5642:
5591:
5558:
5487:
5449:
5388:
5353:
5251:
4873:
4853:
4725:
4624:
2830:
2642:
2309:
2037:
1829:
1268:
1149:
1131:
1130:
or less-than-lethal. Depending on the location, it may be legal to use for
1123:
986:
872:
714:
680:
665:
657:
490:
418:
375:
140:
30:
2384:
8420:
8348:
8332:
8200:
8172:
8055:
7999:
7942:
7928:
7616:
7611:
7551:
7280:
7265:
7260:
7214:
7153:
7080:
7060:
7039:
7000:
6863:
6828:
6696:
6608:
6583:
6538:
6401:
6367:
6231:
6226:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6151:
6070:
6059:
6049:
5761:
5492:
5383:
5378:
5312:
5011:
4996:
4968:
4950:
4922:
4814:
4635:
1677:
1603:
They can be carried by anyone without further registration or permission.
1600:"a hand-held disabling gas thrower", sprays are not considered a weapon.
1571:
1285:
1262:
1021:
753:
206:
177:
117:
59:
3625:
2952:
1434:(MPA, material testing institute) are classified as prohibited weapons.
1305:
Possession in a public place can be punished by confiscation and a fine.
1168:
Bengal Police started using pepper spray to control opposition movement.
8410:
8301:
8216:
8206:
8162:
8146:
8142:
8033:
7899:
7767:
7750:
7648:
7494:
7422:
7418:
7365:
7311:
7270:
7095:
7085:
7070:
6938:
6848:
6558:
6553:
6533:
6528:
6513:
6508:
6421:
6416:
6392:
6216:
6201:
6196:
6141:
6136:
5818:
5699:
5658:
5652:
5636:
5619:
5613:
5580:
5572:
5513:
5307:
5079:
4985:
4974:
4796:
4790:
2052:
1976:
1812:
1778:
1565:
1471:
1302:: Use for self-defense is legal, and it is freely available in stores.
1162:
1090: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
801:, though its effectiveness compared to natural pepper spray is unclear.
784:
780:
725:
684:
485:
386:
221:
216:
7804:
7662:
7233:
4465:"Arms (Restricted Weapons and Specially Dangerous Airguns) Order 1984"
8525:
8510:
8505:
8455:
8450:
8095:
8014:
7972:
7962:
7199:
7064:
6653:
6603:
6578:
6568:
6493:
6221:
6211:
6206:
6126:
6106:
6080:
6065:
6003:
5950:
5709:
5647:
5630:
5608:
5585:
5322:
5163:
4956:
4820:
4759:
4685:
3219:
3168:
3020:"Nigeria: Possession of Pepper Spray an Offence Says Nigerian Police"
2250:"276 F3d 1125 Headwaters Forest Defense and Molly Burton v. The Coun"
1870:
1822:
1547:
1516:
1279:
1218:: It is legal, but there are restrictions on its sale and possession.
1215:
1179:
982:
970:
704:
644:
476:
6741:
3555:"IX-705 Lietuvos Respublikos ginklų ir šaudmenų kontrolės įstatymas"
1065:
8460:
8445:
8414:
8404:
8394:
8384:
8365:
8353:
8322:
8317:
8281:
8192:
8045:
7984:
7956:
7946:
7924:
7606:
7591:
7515:
7453:
7438:
7398:
7204:
7179:
7132:
7123:
7050:
7016:
6960:
6955:
6917:
6913:
6887:
6877:
6867:
6857:
6843:
6801:
6662:
6563:
6472:
6437:
6342:
6256:
6166:
6116:
5999:
5988:
5965:
5955:
5935:
5830:
5797:
5791:
5781:
5181:
5153:
5148:
5143:
4784:
4643:
4575:
Are guns more effective than pepper spray in an Alaska bear attack?
3506:"The Department of Justice and Equality: Firearms & Ammunition"
2764:"New Study: More Evidence Against the Myth of "Restraint Asphyxia""
1942:
1907:
Use has not been inducted on the law enforcement officer's arsenal.
1901:
1853:
1802:
1646:
1608:
1299:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1042:
709:
637:
413:
380:
370:
344:
339:
334:
164:
159:
111:
3650:
671:
Pepper spray was engineered originally for defense against bears,
8495:
8360:
8326:
8295:
8259:
8117:
8099:
8019:
7976:
7916:
7884:
7694:
7595:
7546:
7519:
7511:
7458:
7392:
7208:
7184:
7105:
7054:
6943:
6806:
6411:
6406:
6121:
6111:
6101:
6096:
5786:
5414:
5332:
5317:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5176:
5084:
5074:
5034:
5029:
5006:
5001:
4735:
1796:
1702:
1614:
1481:
1453:
1405:
1376:
1370:
1340:
1334:
1321:
1271:: Use and possession of pepper spray for self-defense are legal.
1247:: Use and possession of pepper spray for self-defense are legal.
1143:
1008:), though it is not for use on a person, only for area clean up.
733:
718:
471:
251:
246:
4170:"Michigan Penal Code 750.224d Self-defense spray or foam device"
3049:"Everything you Need to Know about Pepper Spray in South Africa"
2355:
8287:
8263:
8221:
8121:
8049:
7888:
7870:
7728:
7689:
7684:
7462:
7448:
7193:
7109:
7004:
6995:
6985:
6964:
6927:
6898:
6893:
6832:
6824:
6810:
6787:
6629:
6292:
6287:
6075:
5221:
5211:
5206:
5201:
4863:
4665:
4562:
4204:"§ 18.2-312. Illegal use of tear gas, phosgene and other gases"
3107:"HK Laws. Chap 238 Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance Section 2"
2629:
Smith CG, Stopford W (1999). "Health hazards of pepper spray".
1895:
1862:: Persons over 18 may carry personal-protection spray devices.
1836:
1671:
1640:
1620:
1593:
1582:
1533:
1447:
1387:
1310:
1227:
1152:: Pepper sprays are legal to own by civilians for self defense.
997:
978:
884:
798:
797:(MPK) is widely used as a self-defense chemical agent spray in
676:
653:
530:
520:
76:
4193:
Texas Penal Code 46.05(a)(1)(4) and Texas Penal Code 46.01(14)
3947:"Mace, Pepper Spray, Self-Defense Sprays and Stun Guns | mpdc"
2273:"Pepper Spray's Fallout, From Crowd Control to Mocking Images"
1484:: Possession of pepper spray is illegal for private citizens.
8291:
8027:
8023:
7980:
7894:
7663:
7530:
7507:
7147:
7024:
6907:
6838:
6573:
6488:
6447:
5734:
5138:
5133:
5123:
4962:
4945:
4898:
2805:
Barry, J. D.; Hennessy, R.; McManus, J. G. Jr. (2008-09-04).
2518:
1846:
1660:
1574:: It is illegal for civilians to own and carry pepper spray.
1505:
1238:
1204:
1173:
1127:
329:
324:
314:
309:
211:
201:
5217:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
3907:"Pepper Spray | Transportation Security Administration"
1539:
It can be bought and carried by anyone over 16 years of age.
1118:
Pepper spray is banned for use in war by Article I.5 of the
996:
Some "triple-action" pepper sprays also contain "tear gas" (
977:
A study of five often-recommended treatments for skin pain (
8226:
8060:
7805:
7751:
7712:
7403:
7366:
7234:
5744:
5739:
5298:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
3161:
2674:"Ex-FBI Agent Pleads Guilty in Conflict-of-Interest Case",
1832:
265.20 14) and the seller must keep a record of purchases.
1221:
597:
4258:"Sale and Distribution of OC Products to Private Citizens"
3997:
3995:
2361:
2336:
Sabre Red. FAQs: What is oleoresin capsaicum? August 2020.
2260:(276): 1125. November 11, 2002 – via openjurist.org.
2146:"How Hot is That Pepper? How Scientists Measure Spiciness"
6131:
5684:
2778:"Oleoresin Capsicum: Pepper Spray as a Force Alternative"
1313:: Legal for self-defense, it is available in some shops.
1224:: Forbidden for civilians, it is used only by the police.
881:
Journal of Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
860:
707:, which is derived from the fruit of plants in the genus
2995:. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
1437:
Justified use against humans as self-defense is allowed.
679:
and other dangerous predators, and is often referred to
8111:
3992:
2457:
1711:: Pepper spray is illegal under Section 5(1)(b) of the
1536:: Pepper spray is classified as a self-defense device.
1528:
Featuring a range not exceeding 3 m (9.8 ft).
736:
pepper spray. Other sprays may use an alcohol (such as
4407:
4405:
3677:"Гасни спреј и електрошокер дозвољени по новом закону"
2928:"Here's Why Jalapeño Peppers Are Less Spicy Than Ever"
2877:"Tear Gas Cleanup Procedures | Cleanfax magazine"
1324:: Forbidden for civilians and used only by the police.
3220:"Arms and Explosives Act - Singapore Statutes Online"
1992:
A permit is required to obtain or carry pepper spray.
1343:: Pepper spray is classified as a prohibited weapon.
6728:
4411:
Anne Calverley, "Judge clears use of pepper spray",
2804:
2628:
2254:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
1633:, and (rarely) CN are also legal and highly popular.
876:
irritation and redness can last for up to 24 hours.
791:
weapon, it is not generally permitted to the public.
4402:
4120:"Florida Statues 790.053 Open carrying of weapons"
3162:Geeta Padmanabhan; Aarti Dhar (October 19, 2008).
2143:
4233:"RCW 9.91.160: Personal protection spray devices"
3360:"How your gun permit applications are considered"
2306:"10 Inventors Who Came to Regret Their Creations"
2174:. SABRE - Security Equipment Corp. Archived from
1379:: Possession of pepper spray requires a license.
8560:
2525:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
1498:: Possession of this spray by persons other the
1519:and capsaicinoid substances not exceeding 2,5%;
887:sensitivity. They found no lasting decrease in
4003:"Pepper Spray (Mace/Tear Gas) - Consumer Wiki"
3971:"States With Pepper Spray Restrictions | eBay"
2659:"Former F.B.I. Agent Is Sentenced to Prison",
2365:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
6712:
4595:
2417:"Pepper Gel vs Spray? Which Is Best For You?"
2148:. Smithsonian.com, US Smithsonian Institution
1649:: It is classified as a self-defense weapon.
1629:OC is not the only legal agent used. CS, CR,
1508:: Any citizen over 16 years of age without a
1416:. Carrying it at (or on the way to and from)
668:, including defense against dogs and bears.
566:
2117:"What is pepper spray, and is it dangerous?"
1762:When pepper spray is used in the workplace,
1470:However, there is no restriction for pepper
867:training after being exposed to pepper spray
4334:"Weapons Prohibition Act 1998 - Schedule 1"
2200:"Bear Spray Vs. Dogs: How Effective Is It?"
2114:
1373:: Pepper spray is generally illegal to own.
6726:
6719:
6705:
4602:
4588:
2715:Heiskell, Lawrence E. (9 September 2019).
2271:Seelye, Katharine Q. (November 22, 2011).
2168:"Red Pepper Spray Ingredients and Formula"
1410:for the purpose of defense against animals
573:
559:
3782:(in Ukrainian). КАБІНЕТ МІНІСТРІВ УКРАЇНИ
2607:
2018:
1288:: Pepper sprays containing OC are legal.
1106:Learn how and when to remove this message
933:The US Army performed studies in 1993 at
703:The active ingredient in pepper spray is
3674:
2963:
2925:
2919:
2761:
2714:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2303:
2297:
2125:. reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.D
1692:
859:
851:
25:
4541:from the original on September 24, 2015
4309:
4286:"Wisconsin State Legal Statutes 941.26"
3427:
3339:"Peberspray | Våben | Politi"
2895:"Pepper Spray: Types of Spray Patterns"
8561:
5483:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
5477:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
4531:"Flight of the MacQuarie Street Ninja"
4499:, NZHTA Tech Brief Series 2002; 1(2).
3070:
2270:
2144:Twilight Greenaway (10 January 2013).
2084:
1553:Issued as auxiliary service device to
948:Pepper spray has been associated with
6899:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
6700:
5725:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
4583:
4528:
4145:"Florida Statues 790.001 Definitions"
3927:from the original on 18 December 2012
3727:"Behöver man licens för pepparspray?"
2339:
2285:from the original on October 21, 2019
2264:
2092:"Chemical hazards in law enforcement"
1770:(SDS) be available to all employees.
1035:
1028:available, which can be fired from a
3913:
3879:
3606:from the original on 28 January 2011
3017:
2985:
2969:
2717:"How To Prevent Positional Asphyxia"
1359:: Possession and carrying is legal.
1088:adding citations to reliable sources
1059:
8471:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
7587:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
7327:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
5814:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
4529:Tovey, Josephine (March 15, 2012).
4426:Control of Weapons Regulations 2011
3750:
3253:Geisler Defence - Pepper Gun GD-105
2999:from the original on 1 January 2012
2762:Remsberg, Chuck (January 8, 2019).
2316:from the original on April 28, 2020
2094:. The Police Policy Studies Council
1971:Control of Weapons Regulations 2011
1193:. Without a valid license from the
787:) is used by police officers. As a
13:
5430:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
4382:
4044:"M.G.L - Chapter 140, Section 131"
3753:"Knivar och andra farliga föremål"
3109:. Legislation.gov.hk. 2000-05-26.
2735:"Positional Asphyxia—Sudden Death"
2613:"Pepper spray's lethal legacy" in
2304:Hemphill, Kenny (August 4, 2015).
2137:
1652:It is available to anyone over 18.
640:(tear gas) product containing the
14:
8595:
5445:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
5435:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
4556:
2689:"Pepper spray study is tainted",
1191:Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance
1000:), which can be neutralized with
956:
5273:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
4716:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
4561:
4522:
4510:
4482:
4467:. Parliamentary Counsel Office.
4457:
4432:
4418:
4310:Collett, Michael (8 July 2018).
3172:. Chennai, India. Archived from
2453:from the original on 2013-09-06.
2115:Jamie Smith (October 15, 2020).
1989:Classed as a restricted weapon.
1889:
1753:
1724:
1064:
828:Fog pattern dispersion (fogger)
596:
6681:List of chemical warfare agents
4904:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
4471:from the original on 2014-10-17
4446:from the original on 2018-04-01
4391:from the original on 2013-04-30
4376:
4351:
4340:from the original on 2017-04-10
4326:
4303:
4292:from the original on 2012-03-22
4278:
4250:
4239:from the original on 2009-08-22
4225:
4214:from the original on 2018-06-29
4196:
4187:
4176:from the original on 2012-01-17
4162:
4151:from the original on 2018-02-14
4137:
4126:from the original on 2018-02-14
4112:
4101:from the original on 2018-02-14
4087:
4076:from the original on 2014-05-24
4062:
4050:from the original on 2011-08-10
4036:
4024:
4013:from the original on 2017-11-14
3981:from the original on 2018-02-14
3963:
3939:
3899:
3888:from the original on 2020-02-23
3873:
3862:from the original on 2015-08-03
3844:
3833:from the original on 2012-12-04
3819:
3808:from the original on 2014-10-18
3794:
3770:
3759:from the original on 2015-12-08
3744:
3733:from the original on 2018-07-27
3719:
3708:from the original on 2017-08-26
3694:
3683:from the original on 2015-07-30
3668:
3657:from the original on 2012-10-20
3643:
3632:from the original on 2012-11-29
3618:
3589:
3575:
3561:
3547:
3523:
3498:
3479:
3468:from the original on 2017-11-17
3450:
3408:
3389:
3352:
3331:
3306:
3290:
3279:from the original on 2012-12-24
3273:"Nieuwe wapenwet (New Gun Law)"
3265:
3241:
3230:from the original on 2019-05-09
3212:
3188:
3155:
3124:
3113:from the original on 2013-09-28
3099:
3088:from the original on 2019-10-26
3059:from the original on 2017-08-27
3041:
3030:from the original on 2019-01-04
3011:
2945:
2901:
2887:
2869:
2856:
2845:from the original on 2020-04-18
2798:
2770:
2755:
2727:
2708:
2698:
2683:
2668:
2653:
2622:
2589:
2577:
2566:from the original on 2012-01-06
2546:
2535:from the original on 2013-06-15
2512:
2482:
2471:from the original on 2011-12-17
2435:
2409:
2391:
2328:
2231:from the original on 2015-06-23
2206:from the original on 2012-11-15
1873:: Tear gas is not permissible.
1585:: It is illegal for civilians.
1075:needs additional citations for
766:
547:List of chemical warfare agents
3341:(in Danish). The Danish Police
2926:Reinhart, Brian (8 May 2023).
2817:(4). Informaworld.com: 432–7.
2242:
2217:
2192:
2160:
2108:
2065:
1983:
928:American Civil Liberties Union
1:
8545:Receptor/signaling modulators
6894:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
3200:Khawla – Your Power To Resist
2785:National Institute of Justice
2742:National Institute of Justice
2078:
1655:The police recommend its use.
1626:Use against humans is legal.
698:
33:being subject to pepper spray
5757:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
5303:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
4440:"Dealing with confrontation"
3018:Agbo, Njideka (2018-04-18).
2787:. March 1994. Archived from
2680:. February 13, 1996, p. A12.
1920:Australian Capital Territory
1913:
1349:Minister of Internal Affairs
1122:, which bans the use of all
965:
7:
8173:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
7081:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
6951:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
6779:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2
5539:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
5399:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
5268:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
3852:"Pest Control Products Act"
2744:. June 1995. Archived from
2202:. Tbotech.com. 2009-07-04.
2031:
1120:Chemical Weapons Convention
1055:
810:Ministry of Public Security
10:
8600:
6378:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
5846:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
5172:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
3923:. US Department of Labor.
2811:Prehospital Emergency Care
2619:. October 22, 1998, p. A1.
2531:(8). Iovs.org: 2138–2147.
2490:"Top 10 Deadliest Weapons"
2443:"Top 10 Deadliest Weapons"
1126:agents in warfare whether
856:Pepper spray demonstration
847:
795:Pelargonic acid morpholide
464:Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
18:
8538:
8341:
7814:
7803:
7783:
7760:
7749:
7721:
7672:
7661:
7539:
7375:
7364:
7289:
7243:
7232:
7172:
6751:
6740:
6676:
6636:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
6617:
6481:
6430:
6391:
6255:
6032:
5979:
5841:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
5770:
5571:
5346:
5260:
5252:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
5162:
5109:
5093:
5020:
4930:
4921:
4891:
4872:
4839:
4805:
4758:
4749:
4634:
4535:The Sydney Morning Herald
4383:Police, South Australia.
3599:Ustawa o broni i aminucji
2866:, July/August 1995 Issue.
2823:10.1080/10903120802290786
2467:. Redhotpepperspray.com.
2465:"Effects Of Pepper Spray"
2377:10.1080/10408399109527536
1999:New Zealand Defence Force
1744:Pest Control Products Act
1729:
1328:
1137:
831:Stream pattern dispersion
781:desmethyldihydrocapsaicin
605:
592:
587:
107:Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
102:Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
7158:Umbellularia californica
6353:Chloroacetophenone oxime
6338:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
5946:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
5856:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
5503:Phosphorus pentachloride
5328:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
4519:WASCA 74 (4 April 2003).
4046:. Mass.gov. 2008-10-29.
3675:Вукосављевић, Данијела.
2913:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2864:Police Marksman Magazine
2058:
1766:requires a pepper spray
1740:law enforcement officers
1408:: Pepper sprays labeled
1026:pepper spray projectiles
816:
622:oleoresin capsicum spray
97:Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
8128:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
7910:Andrographis paniculata
6632:(variants and mixtures)
5901:Trichloronitrosomethane
5896:Trifluoronitrosomethane
5471:Methyldichlorophosphine
4007:consumerwiki.dca.ca.gov
3856:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
3434:Ministerium des Inneren
3164:"Safety is a right too"
2692:San Francisco Chronicle
1425:Materialprüfungsanstalt
1420:may still be punished.
1156:
950:positional asphyxiation
935:Aberdeen Proving Ground
434:Diphenylamincyanoarsine
21:Pepper-spray projectile
8549:Ion channel modulators
8278:Tetrahydrocannabivarin
7773:Tripterygium wilfordii
7139:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
6431:Cornea-clouding agents
5926:Phosphorus trichloride
5508:Phosphorus trichloride
5242:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
4696:Phosphorus trifluoride
4488:Broadstock, M. (2002)
4385:"Firearms and weapons"
4172:. Legislature.mi.gov.
3921:"Hazard Communication"
3132:"A spicy self-defense"
2695:. May 20, 1996, p. B8.
2665:. May 20, 1996, p. B8.
2421:wolfpersonalsafety.com
2019:Civilian use advocates
1698:
1687:irritant atomizer 2000
1596:: Called precisely in
1195:Hong Kong Police Force
1011:
868:
857:
67:Cyanogen chloride (CK)
34:
8106:Lysophosphatidic acid
5825:Disulfur decafluoride
5626:Chlorophenylsilatrane
5534:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
4570:at Wikimedia Commons
4442:. Queensland Police.
4359:"Weapons Control Act"
4031:California Penal Code
3196:"Pepper Spray - 60ML"
3082:www.chinadaily.com.cn
2993:"Riot Control Agents"
1696:
863:
855:
446:Incapacitating agents
392:Disulfur decafluoride
72:Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
29:
8486:Pregnenolone sulfate
8307:Euphorbia resinifera
8249:Euphorbia resinifera
8178:Phenylacetylrinvanil
8138:N-Oleoylethanolamide
8086:Homodihydrocapsaicin
7474:Pregnenolone sulfate
7337:Pregnenolone sulfate
7144:Thiopropanal S-oxide
7129:Tetrahydrocannabinol
6817:Allyl isothiocyanate
6625:Methyl fluoroacetate
6453:Methyl cyanoacrylate
6373:Allyl isothiocyanate
5961:Uranium hexafluoride
5916:Dinitrogen tetroxide
5861:Chlorine trifluoride
4909:Selenium oxychloride
4779:Phenyldichloroarsine
4773:Methyldichloroarsine
4711:Nickel tetracarbonyl
4208:law.lis.virginia.gov
3314:"Prevence přepadení"
3024:The Guardian (Lagos)
2953:"Capsicum oleoresin"
2909:"Capsicum Oleoresin"
2403:www.lawinfochina.com
1969:: Schedule 3 of the
1184:Disciplined Services
1084:improve this article
1002:sodium metabisulfite
8579:Riot control agents
8574:Lachrymatory agents
8391:Cannabigerolic acid
8153:Nordihydrocapsaicin
8114:(acidic conditions)
6318:Bromobenzyl cyanide
6086:Dimethylheptylpyran
6014:Diphenylcyanoarsine
6009:Diphenylchlorarsine
5941:Methyl vinyl ketone
5866:Perchloryl fluoride
5730:Bicyclic phosphates
5549:Trimethyl phosphite
5498:Phosphoryl chloride
4767:Ethyldichloroarsine
4741:Chloral cyanohydrin
4731:Acetone cyanohydrin
4701:Methyl cyanoformate
4415:, 28 March 2003, 1.
4413:The West Australian
4235:. Apps.leg.wa.gov.
3880:Crawford, Tiffany.
3802:"Firearms Act 1968"
3249:"Pepper Spray Laws"
3176:on November 1, 2010
2970:Cantrill, Richard.
2677:The Washington Post
2500:on December 6, 2017
871:Pepper spray is an
760:Scoville heat units
752:undesirable as the
501:Riot-control (RCAs)
429:Diphenylcyanoarsine
424:Diphenylchlorarsine
155:Phosgene oxime (CX)
40:Part of a series on
8354:Vernonia tweediana
7933:African blue basil
7905:Bisandrographolide
7491:Steviol glycosides
7444:Hydroxycitronellal
7190:Dehydroligustilide
7010:Angelica acutiloba
6924:Dehydroligustilide
6686:CB military symbol
6544:Enterotoxin type B
6499:Cyclopiazonic acid
6458:N-Methylmorpholine
6358:Ethyl bromoacetate
5836:Ethyl bromoacetate
5803:Perfluoroisobutene
5544:Triethyl phosphite
4815:Levinstein mustard
4706:Iron pentacarbonyl
4495:2004-12-06 at the
3491:2011-07-21 at the
3439:2007-05-16 at the
3420:2011-06-05 at the
3401:2011-07-25 at the
3137:The Times of India
2662:The New York Times
2278:The New York Times
2122:Medical News Today
1932:Northern Territory
1699:
1465:lachrymatory agent
1036:Oleoresin capsicum
869:
858:
650:less lethal weapon
35:
16:Inflammatory agent
8556:
8555:
8534:
8533:
8466:Meclofenamic acid
8272:melegueta peppers
8143:Nonivamide (PAVA)
7879:melegueta peppers
7799:
7798:
7745:
7744:
7657:
7656:
7577:Meclofenamic acid
7500:Stevia rebaudiana
7360:
7359:
7322:Meclofenamic acid
7228:
7227:
7118:melegueta peppers
7091:Phenacyl chloride
7046:N-Methylmaleimide
7036:Methyl salicylate
6981:Hydrogen peroxide
6934:Diallyl disulfide
6796:melegueta peppers
6694:
6693:
6504:Histrionicotoxins
6482:Biological toxins
6363:Ethyl iodoacetate
5931:Methyl isocyanate
5891:Selenoyl fluoride
5881:Mercuric chloride
5851:Tetranitromethane
5705:Sulfuryl fluoride
5690:HN3 hydrochloride
5685:HN2 hydrochloride
5680:HN1 hydrochloride
5567:
5566:
5524:Phenacyl chloride
5519:Pinacolyl alcohol
5465:Isopropyl alcohol
5460:4-Hydroxycoumarin
5394:1,8-Dibromooctane
4917:
4916:
4841:Nitrogen mustards
4654:Cyanogen chloride
4566:Media related to
4033:, Section 12403.7
3729:. 24 April 2013.
2883:. March 22, 2011.
2721:www.policemag.com
2584:Los Angeles Times
1961:Western Australia
1768:Safety Data Sheet
1713:Firearms Act 1968
1598:Polish Penal Code
1116:
1115:
1108:
1050:Paprika oleoresin
1024:. There are also
923:Los Angeles Times
822:Aerosol compound
738:isopropyl alcohol
615:
614:
601:Exceptionally hot
583:
582:
539:
538:
516:Pepper spray (OC)
376:Chloropicrin (PS)
363:Pulmonary/choking
353:
352:
8591:
8569:Chemical weapons
8401:Cannabigerovarin
8133:N-Oleoyldopamine
8039:Euodia ruticarpa
8005:Dihydrocapsaicin
7812:
7811:
7808:
7758:
7757:
7754:
7670:
7669:
7666:
7414:Cooling Agent 10
7373:
7372:
7369:
7241:
7240:
7237:
6759:4-Hydroxynonenal
6749:
6748:
6745:
6730:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6698:
6697:
6668:White phosphorus
6645:post-combustion
6641:Depleted uranium
6468:Osmium tetroxide
6348:Phenacyl bromide
5911:Nitrogen dioxide
5886:Selenium dioxide
5876:Cadmium chloride
5333:Dimefox (TL-792)
4928:
4927:
4756:
4755:
4681:Hydrogen sulfide
4660:Hydrogen cyanide
4649:Cyanogen bromide
4615:chemical warfare
4604:
4597:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4565:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4436:
4430:
4422:
4416:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4361:. Archived from
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4266:
4260:. Archived from
4254:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
3999:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3583:"Zakon o oružju"
3579:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3508:. Archived from
3502:
3496:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3462:travel.state.gov
3454:
3448:
3431:
3425:
3412:
3406:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3374:. Archived from
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3140:. Archived from
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2873:
2867:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2782:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2687:
2681:
2672:
2666:
2657:
2651:
2646:
2626:
2620:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2496:. Archived from
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2359:
2353:
2348:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2088:
2072:
2069:
2048:Defensive weapon
2043:Offensive weapon
1458:auxiliary police
1433:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1068:
1060:
730:propylene glycol
600:
585:
584:
575:
568:
561:
453:
452:
207:Chlorosarin (GC)
183:
182:
129:Nitrogen mustard
122:
37:
36:
8599:
8598:
8594:
8593:
8592:
8590:
8589:
8588:
8559:
8558:
8557:
8552:
8530:
8521:Tolfenamic acid
8441:Flufenamic acid
8337:
8244:Resiniferatoxin
8237:Ruta graveolens
8000:Diacyl glycerol
7795:
7779:
7741:
7737:
7717:
7703:
7653:
7639:Tolfenamic acid
7632:Ruta graveolens
7572:Flufenamic acid
7535:
7484:Ruta graveolens
7395:(intracellular)
7356:
7352:Tolfenamic acid
7307:Flufenamic acid
7285:
7261:Diacyl glycerol
7224:
7168:
6854:Cannabichromene
6764:4-Oxo-2-nonenal
6736:
6725:
6695:
6690:
6672:
6613:
6524:Botulinum toxin
6477:
6426:
6387:
6303:Benzyl chloride
6258:
6251:
6035:
6028:
6019:Cacodyl cyanide
5981:Vomiting agents
5975:
5773:
5766:
5675:Dimethylmercury
5597:Botulinum toxin
5563:
5342:
5256:
5158:
5111:Novichok agents
5105:
5089:
5016:
4913:
4887:
4868:
4835:
4807:Sulfur mustards
4801:
4745:
4691:Carbon monoxide
4671:Cacodyl cyanide
4630:
4629:
4613:Agents used in
4608:
4559:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4527:
4523:
4515:
4511:
4497:Wayback Machine
4487:
4483:
4474:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4449:
4447:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4423:
4419:
4410:
4403:
4394:
4392:
4381:
4377:
4368:
4366:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4343:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4308:
4304:
4295:
4293:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4217:
4215:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4179:
4177:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4154:
4152:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4129:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4104:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4079:
4077:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4029:
4025:
4016:
4014:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3984:
3982:
3975:www.ebay.com.au
3969:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3891:
3889:
3878:
3874:
3865:
3863:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3762:
3760:
3749:
3745:
3736:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3711:
3709:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3686:
3684:
3673:
3669:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3540:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3515:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3493:Wayback Machine
3484:
3480:
3471:
3469:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3441:Wayback Machine
3432:
3428:
3422:Wayback Machine
3413:
3409:
3403:Wayback Machine
3394:
3390:
3381:
3379:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3295:
3291:
3282:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3231:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3160:
3156:
3147:
3145:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3091:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3060:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3033:
3031:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2957:go.drugbank.com
2951:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2924:
2920:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2857:
2848:
2846:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2699:
2688:
2684:
2673:
2669:
2658:
2654:
2649:web.archive.org
2627:
2623:
2612:
2608:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2538:
2536:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2423:. 28 March 2023
2415:
2414:
2410:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2269:
2265:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2234:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2181:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2113:
2109:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2034:
2021:
2002:Military Police
1986:
1955:South Australia
1926:New South Wales
1916:
1892:
1756:
1732:
1727:
1510:criminal record
1427:
1331:
1159:
1140:
1112:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1081:
1069:
1058:
1038:
1014:
1006:Campden tablets
968:
959:
850:
819:
783:(known also as
769:
701:
630:capsaicin spray
579:
535:
495:
481:
440:
439:
438:
408:
398:
397:
396:
387:Diphosgene (DP)
383:
365:
355:
354:
349:
299:Novichok agents
292:
231:
222:Cyclosarin (GF)
217:Ethylsarin (GE)
180:
170:
169:
151:
150:
131:
124:
121:(HD H HT HL HQ)
120:
119:
92:
82:
81:
62:
46:Chemical agents
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8597:
8587:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8554:
8553:
8539:
8536:
8535:
8532:
8531:
8529:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8408:
8398:
8388:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8345:
8343:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8335:
8330:
8320:
8315:
8299:
8285:
8275:
8257:
8241:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8211:Dorrigo pepper
8204:
8190:
8183:Phorbol esters
8180:
8175:
8170:
8160:
8150:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8115:
8108:
8103:
8093:
8083:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8043:
8031:
8017:
8012:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7970:
7960:
7953:Cannabidivarin
7950:
7940:
7921:camphor laurel
7914:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7882:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7818:
7816:
7809:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7787:
7785:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7777:
7764:
7762:
7755:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7676:
7674:
7667:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7589:
7584:
7582:Mefenamic acid
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7504:
7488:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7390:
7385:
7379:
7377:
7370:
7362:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7293:
7291:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7278:
7275:St John's wort
7268:
7263:
7258:
7255:St John's wort
7247:
7245:
7238:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7202:
7197:
7187:
7182:
7176:
7174:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7151:
7141:
7136:
7126:
7121:
7103:
7100:Dorrigo pepper
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7068:
7058:
7048:
7043:
7033:
7028:
7021:Sichuan pepper
7014:
6998:
6993:
6991:Isothiocyanate
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6936:
6931:
6921:
6911:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6884:Cinnamaldehyde
6881:
6871:
6861:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6814:
6804:
6799:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6755:
6753:
6746:
6738:
6737:
6724:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6701:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6647:uranium oxides
6638:
6633:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6383:Crotonaldehyde
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6308:Benzyl bromide
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6269:
6263:
6261:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6247:Chlorpromazine
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6040:
6038:
6034:Incapacitating
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
5997:
5992:
5985:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5921:Sulfur dioxide
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5774:choking agents
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5670:Tetraethyllead
5667:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5589:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5374:A.P.C. complex
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5085:V-sub x (GD-7)
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4943:
4936:
4934:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4882:Phosgene oxime
4878:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4811:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4753:
4751:Blister agents
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4721:Glycolonitrile
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4620:incapacitation
4617:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4558:
4557:External links
4555:
4553:
4552:
4521:
4517:Hall v Collins
4509:
4481:
4456:
4431:
4417:
4401:
4375:
4350:
4325:
4302:
4277:
4249:
4224:
4195:
4186:
4161:
4136:
4111:
4086:
4061:
4035:
4023:
3991:
3962:
3938:
3912:
3898:
3872:
3843:
3818:
3793:
3769:
3743:
3718:
3693:
3667:
3642:
3617:
3588:
3574:
3560:
3546:
3543:on 2012-05-11.
3522:
3497:
3478:
3449:
3426:
3407:
3388:
3366:. 2007-10-21.
3351:
3330:
3305:
3289:
3264:
3240:
3224:sso.agc.gov.sg
3211:
3187:
3154:
3123:
3098:
3069:
3055:. 2016-07-21.
3040:
3010:
2984:
2962:
2944:
2918:
2900:
2886:
2868:
2855:
2797:
2794:on 2006-07-19.
2769:
2754:
2751:on 2016-12-21.
2726:
2707:
2705:1996;30:733–5.
2697:
2682:
2667:
2652:
2621:
2616:Ottawa Citizen
2606:
2588:
2576:
2545:
2511:
2481:
2456:
2434:
2408:
2390:
2371:(6): 435–474.
2354:
2338:
2327:
2296:
2263:
2241:
2225:"Pepper Spray"
2216:
2191:
2159:
2136:
2107:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2005:
1996:
1993:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1755:
1752:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1709:United Kingdom
1706:
1691:
1690:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1503:
1500:Garda Síochána
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1418:demonstrations
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1357:Czech Republic
1354:
1353:
1352:
1338:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1186:when on duty.
1171:
1170:
1169:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1136:
1114:
1113:
1096:September 2011
1072:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1037:
1034:
1013:
1010:
967:
964:
958:
957:Acute response
955:
918:
917:
916:
915:
909:
908:
904:
903:
902:
901:
849:
846:
845:
844:
841:
837:
836:
835:
832:
829:
826:
818:
815:
814:
813:
802:
792:
777:United Kingdom
768:
765:
764:
763:
757:
749:
700:
697:
673:mountain lions
634:capsicum spray
613:
612:
609:
607:Scoville scale
603:
602:
594:
590:
589:
581:
580:
578:
577:
570:
563:
555:
552:
551:
550:
549:
541:
540:
537:
536:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
507:
504:
503:
497:
496:
494:
493:
488:
482:
480:
479:
474:
468:
467:
466:
461:
449:
448:
442:
441:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
410:
409:
404:
403:
400:
399:
395:
394:
389:
384:
378:
373:
367:
366:
361:
360:
357:
356:
351:
350:
348:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
306:
303:
302:
294:
293:
291:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
249:
243:
240:
239:
233:
232:
230:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
193:
190:
189:
181:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
149:
148:
143:
138:
132:
127:
125:
116:
114:
109:
104:
99:
93:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
63:
58:
57:
54:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8596:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8551:
8550:
8546:
8543:
8537:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8501:Ruthenium red
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8481:Niflumic acid
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8412:
8409:
8406:
8402:
8399:
8396:
8392:
8389:
8386:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8349:α-Spinasterol
8347:
8346:
8344:
8340:
8334:
8331:
8328:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8313:
8312:
8308:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8293:
8289:
8286:
8283:
8279:
8276:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8255:
8254:
8250:
8245:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8212:
8208:
8205:
8202:
8198:
8194:
8191:
8188:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8168:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8101:
8097:
8094:
8091:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8077:
8076:Homocapsaicin
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8047:
8044:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8032:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8010:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7989:wild bergamot
7986:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7971:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7958:
7954:
7951:
7948:
7944:
7941:
7938:
7937:camphor basil
7934:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7886:
7883:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7813:
7810:
7807:
7802:
7792:
7791:Ruthenium red
7789:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7759:
7756:
7753:
7748:
7738:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7720:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7660:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7622:Ruthenium red
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7602:Niflumic acid
7600:
7597:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:; indirectly)
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7464:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7429:Frescolat MGA
7427:
7424:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7371:
7368:
7363:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7332:Niflumic acid
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7279:
7276:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7242:
7239:
7236:
7231:
7221:
7220:Ruthenium red
7218:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7171:
7165:
7162:
7159:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7134:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7066:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7031:Methylglyoxal
7029:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6905:
6904:Cuminaldehyde
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6722:
6717:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6703:
6702:
6699:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6658:its compounds
6655:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6594:Tetanospasmin
6592:
6590:
6589:T-2 mycotoxin
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6519:Batrachotoxin
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6463:Allyl alcohol
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6328:Chloroacetone
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6313:Benzyl iodide
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6267:Xylyl bromide
6265:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6254:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6055:Butyrophenone
6053:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6025:
6024:o-Dianisidine
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5871:Cadmium oxide
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5720:Batrachotoxin
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5603:Tetanospasmin
5601:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
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4902:
4900:
4897:
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4890:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4874:Nettle agents
4871:
4865:
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4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
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4842:
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4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:Cacodyl oxide
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4650:
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4571:
4569:
4568:Pepper sprays
4564:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4505:1-877235-39-3
4502:
4498:
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4485:
4470:
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4445:
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4379:
4365:on 2013-01-02
4364:
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4339:
4335:
4329:
4313:
4306:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4267:on 2021-02-28
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3526:
3512:on 2013-01-16
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3404:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3378:on 2008-07-03
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3364:blog.anta.net
3361:
3355:
3340:
3334:
3320:on 2013-11-02
3319:
3315:
3309:
3303:20 June 2006.
3302:
3298:
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3278:
3274:
3268:
3254:
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3229:
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3158:
3144:on 2013-08-26
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2637:(5): 268–74.
2636:
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2625:
2618:
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2610:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2586:June 18, 1995
2585:
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2452:
2449:. June 2013.
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2227:. Llrmi.com.
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2188:
2178:on 2015-01-05
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1890:South America
1879:
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1754:United States
1751:
1749:
1748:Criminal Code
1745:
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1725:North America
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1125:
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1110:
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1085:
1079:
1078:
1073:This section
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1033:
1031:
1030:paintball gun
1027:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
988:
984:
980:
975:
972:
963:
954:
951:
946:
942:
938:
936:
931:
929:
925:
924:
913:
912:
911:
910:
906:
905:
899:
898:
897:
896:
895:
892:
890:
889:visual acuity
886:
882:
877:
874:
866:
862:
854:
843:Foam compound
842:
838:
833:
830:
827:
824:
823:
821:
820:
811:
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
772:
761:
758:
755:
750:
746:
745:
744:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
711:
706:
696:
694:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
662:crowd control
659:
655:
651:
646:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
611:1,250,000 SHU
610:
608:
604:
599:
595:
591:
586:
576:
571:
569:
564:
562:
557:
556:
554:
553:
548:
545:
544:
543:
542:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
511:Xylyl bromide
509:
508:
506:
505:
502:
499:
498:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
465:
462:
460:
459:Agent 15 (BZ)
457:
456:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
444:
443:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
407:
402:
401:
393:
390:
388:
385:
382:
381:Phosgene (CG)
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
364:
359:
358:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
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321:
318:
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311:
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245:
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241:
238:
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220:
218:
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203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
192:
191:
188:
185:
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179:
174:
173:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
130:
126:
123:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
91:
86:
85:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
61:
56:
55:
52:Lethal agents
51:
50:
47:
44:
43:
39:
38:
32:
28:
22:
8584:Self-defense
8541:
8540:
8381:Cannabigerol
8352:
8305:
8247:
8235:
8197:black pepper
8157:chili pepper
8090:chili pepper
8080:chili pepper
8071:Hepoxilin B3
8066:Hepoxilin A3
8037:
8009:chili pepper
7967:chili pepper
7908:
7771:
7630:
7557:Clotrimazole
7498:
7482:
7434:Frescolat ML
7342:Progesterone
7251:Adhyperforin
7164:WIN 55,212-2
7157:
7008:
6976:Hepoxilin B3
6971:Hepoxilin A3
6942:
6874:Cannabigerol
6599:Tetrodotoxin
6549:Grayanotoxin
6333:Bromoacetone
6323:Thiophosgene
6278:Mace (spray)
6272:Pepper spray
6271:
6257:Lachrymatory
6242:Fluphenazine
6237:Procarbazine
6147:Sleeping gas
5995:Chloropicrin
5906:Nitric oxide
5808:Chloropicrin
5752:Cloflubicyne
5715:Oxotremorine
5664:Antillatoxin
5643:Tetrodotoxin
5592:Bungarotoxin
5488:Nitromethane
5450:Formaldoxime
5389:Cyclohexanol
5354:Acetonitrile
5101:GV (EA-5365)
4923:Nerve agents
4726:Lactonitrile
4636:Blood agents
4625:riot control
4560:
4545:December 19,
4543:. Retrieved
4534:
4524:
4516:
4512:
4484:
4473:. Retrieved
4459:
4448:. Retrieved
4434:
4424:
4420:
4412:
4393:. Retrieved
4378:
4367:. Retrieved
4363:the original
4353:
4342:. Retrieved
4328:
4316:. Retrieved
4305:
4294:. Retrieved
4280:
4269:. Retrieved
4262:the original
4252:
4241:. Retrieved
4227:
4216:. Retrieved
4207:
4198:
4189:
4178:. Retrieved
4164:
4153:. Retrieved
4139:
4128:. Retrieved
4114:
4103:. Retrieved
4089:
4078:. Retrieved
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4038:
4026:
4015:. Retrieved
4006:
3983:. Retrieved
3974:
3965:
3954:. Retrieved
3950:
3941:
3929:. Retrieved
3915:
3901:
3890:. Retrieved
3875:
3864:. Retrieved
3855:
3846:
3835:. Retrieved
3821:
3810:. Retrieved
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3778:
3772:
3761:. Retrieved
3746:
3735:. Retrieved
3721:
3710:. Retrieved
3696:
3685:. Retrieved
3670:
3659:. Retrieved
3645:
3634:. Retrieved
3620:
3608:. Retrieved
3598:
3591:
3577:
3563:
3549:
3538:the original
3525:
3514:. Retrieved
3510:the original
3500:
3481:
3470:. Retrieved
3461:
3452:
3444:
3429:
3410:
3391:
3380:. Retrieved
3376:the original
3363:
3354:
3343:. Retrieved
3333:
3322:. Retrieved
3318:the original
3308:
3292:
3281:. Retrieved
3267:
3256:. Retrieved
3252:
3243:
3232:. Retrieved
3223:
3214:
3203:. Retrieved
3199:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3174:the original
3167:
3157:
3146:. Retrieved
3142:the original
3135:
3126:
3115:. Retrieved
3101:
3090:. Retrieved
3081:
3072:
3061:. Retrieved
3052:
3043:
3032:. Retrieved
3023:
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2987:
2978:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2863:
2858:
2847:. Retrieved
2814:
2810:
2800:
2789:the original
2784:
2772:
2757:
2746:the original
2741:
2729:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2685:
2675:
2670:
2660:
2655:
2647:Archived at
2634:
2630:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2568:. Retrieved
2548:
2537:. Retrieved
2528:
2524:
2514:
2502:. Retrieved
2498:the original
2493:
2484:
2473:. Retrieved
2459:
2446:
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2310:Mental Floss
2299:
2287:. Retrieved
2276:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2233:. Retrieved
2219:
2208:. Retrieved
2194:
2186:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:the original
2172:sabrered.com
2171:
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2139:
2129:September 2,
2127:. Retrieved
2120:
2110:
2102:
2096:. Retrieved
2086:
2067:
2038:Mace (spray)
2026:
2022:
1970:
1830:NY Penal Law
1808:
1772:
1761:
1757:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1686:
1409:
1269:Saudi Arabia
1190:
1150:South Africa
1132:self-defense
1124:riot control
1117:
1102:
1093:
1082:Please help
1077:verification
1074:
1047:
1039:
1015:
995:
991:
987:baby shampoo
976:
969:
960:
947:
943:
939:
932:
921:
919:
893:
880:
878:
873:inflammatory
870:
770:
767:Counterparts
742:
723:
713:, including
708:
702:
689:
681:colloquially
670:
666:self-defense
658:riot control
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:Pepper spray
617:
616:
588:Pepper spray
515:
491:Sleeping gas
419:Chloropicrin
297:
236:
186:
112:Lewisite (L)
31:U.S. Marines
8516:Tivanisiran
8421:Capsazepine
8333:Zucapsaicin
8201:long pepper
8167:Pacific yew
8056:GSK1016790A
7943:Cannabidiol
7929:camphorweed
7617:RQ-00203078
7612:PF-05105679
7552:Capsazepine
7317:GSK2293017A
7281:Substance P
7266:GSK1702934A
7215:PF-04745637
7154:Umbellulone
7075:Pacific yew
7061:Oleocanthal
7040:wintergreen
7001:Ligustilide
6864:Cannabidiol
6829:horseradish
6609:Veratridine
6584:Shiga toxin
6539:Domoic acid
6402:Thioacetone
6368:Iodoacetone
6232:Pentazocine
6227:Sevoflurane
6192:CAR-302,668
6187:CAR-302,282
6182:CAR-302,196
6177:CAR-301,060
6172:CAR-226,086
6152:Carfentanil
6050:Apomorphine
5971:Green Cross
5762:Domoic acid
5573:Neurotoxins
5493:OPA mixture
5384:Chlorosoman
5379:Chlorosarin
5313:Phospholine
5012:Crotylsarin
4997:Fluorotabun
4969:Chlorosoman
4951:Chlorosarin
4318:8 September
3951:mpdc.dc.gov
3931:13 December
3445:Weapon Laws
3053:SecurityPro
3003:20 November
2862:Young, D.,
2494:ozytive.com
2152:17 December
1984:New Zealand
1678:Switzerland
1572:Netherlands
1474:cartridges.
1428: [
1286:South Korea
1263:Philippines
754:hydrophobic
638:lachrymator
118:Mustard gas
77:Arsine (SA)
8563:Categories
8411:Cannabinol
8311:pooissonii
8302:Tinyatoxin
8253:pooissonii
8217:Probenecid
8207:Polygodial
8163:Paclitaxel
8147:PAVA spray
8034:Evodiamine
7985:pepperwort
7900:Anandamide
7867:α-Sanshool
7815:Activators
7768:Triptolide
7761:Activators
7673:Activators
7649:TRPM4-IN-5
7567:Elismetrep
7495:stevioside
7423:eucalyptus
7419:Eucalyptol
7383:ADP-ribose
7376:Activators
7312:GSK417651A
7271:Hyperforin
7244:Activators
7124:Tear gases
7096:Polygodial
7086:PF-4840154
7071:Paclitaxel
6939:Dicentrine
6849:Bradykinin
6784:α-Sanshool
6752:Activators
6734:modulators
6559:Maitotoxin
6554:Guanitoxin
6534:Ciguatoxin
6529:Brevetoxin
6514:Anatoxin-a
6509:Aflatoxins
6422:Putrescine
6417:Cadaverine
6393:Malodorant
6217:Isoflurane
6202:Desflurane
6197:Benperidol
6142:Psilocybin
6137:PAVA spray
5819:Diphosgene
5772:Pulmonary/
5700:Picrotoxin
5659:Strychnine
5653:Brevetoxin
5637:Maitotoxin
5620:Guanitoxin
5614:Ciguatoxin
5581:Anatoxin-a
5514:Pinacolone
5347:Precursors
5308:Selenophos
5164:Carbamates
5080:Chinese VX
4986:Cyclosarin
4975:Ethylsarin
4946:Sarin (GB)
4797:Lewisite 3
4791:Lewisite 2
4760:Arsenicals
4475:2014-10-17
4450:2018-12-09
4395:2014-06-22
4369:2009-02-08
4344:2017-04-10
4314:. ABC News
4296:2011-09-23
4271:2011-09-23
4243:2010-05-30
4218:2018-06-29
4180:2011-12-02
4155:2018-02-13
4130:2018-02-13
4105:2018-02-13
4080:2014-06-07
4054:2011-08-16
4017:2017-11-13
3985:2018-02-13
3956:2022-02-19
3892:2020-02-23
3866:2015-10-07
3837:2012-08-18
3812:2013-12-28
3763:2017-03-21
3737:2018-07-27
3712:2017-06-05
3687:2015-08-02
3661:2012-12-01
3636:2012-12-01
3516:2013-01-21
3472:2017-11-19
3405:VersammlG.
3382:2008-03-23
3345:2022-05-25
3324:2012-03-11
3283:2008-04-15
3258:2022-09-13
3234:2019-05-22
3205:2023-03-07
3148:2013-05-05
3117:2011-12-02
3092:2019-10-26
3063:2019-01-03
3034:2019-01-03
2932:D Magazine
2849:2010-05-30
2570:2011-12-02
2539:2011-12-02
2475:2011-12-02
2235:2011-12-02
2210:2011-12-02
2182:2022-09-01
2098:2009-02-09
2079:References
2053:Bear spray
1977:Queensland
1860:Washington
1813:New Jersey
1779:California
1682:greenhouse
1566:Montenegro
1472:gas pistol
1163:Bangladesh
865:US Marines
785:PAVA spray
726:emulsifier
699:Components
685:bear spray
486:PAVA spray
212:Soman (GD)
202:Sarin (GB)
197:Tabun (GA)
8542:See also:
8526:TRPV3-74a
8511:SB-705498
8506:SB-366791
8456:Lanthanum
8451:HC-067047
8371:Asivatrep
8232:Rutamarin
8096:Incensole
8046:Gingerols
8015:Estradiol
7991:, others)
7973:Carvacrol
7963:Capsaicin
7857:13-oxoODE
7847:12S-HpETE
7827:5',6'-EET
7627:Rutamarin
7526:Thio-BCTC
7479:Rutamarin
7409:Coolact P
7200:HC-030031
7065:olive oil
6961:Gingerols
6774:12S-HpETE
6654:Plutonium
6604:Volkensin
6579:Saxitoxin
6569:Palytoxin
6494:Aconitine
6222:Halothane
6212:Bufotenin
6207:Enflurane
6127:Kolokol-1
6107:Pethidine
6081:Etoxadrol
6066:Etorphine
6062:(CS-4640)
6046:(CS-4030)
6004:glycerine
5951:Salcomine
5710:Tremorine
5648:Aconitine
5631:Palytoxin
5609:Ryanodine
5586:Saxitoxin
5323:Ro 3-0422
5094:GV agents
4957:Thiosarin
4686:Phosphine
3751:Polisen.
3447:(German).
3372:1797-1993
3169:The Hindu
2631:N C Med J
2504:April 29,
2320:April 29,
2289:April 29,
1949:Officers.
1914:Australia
1881:packages.
1871:Wisconsin
1825:content.
1823:capsaicin
1631:PAM (МПК)
1548:Lithuania
1517:capsaicin
1280:Singapore
1216:Indonesia
1180:Hong Kong
1018:concealed
983:lidocaine
971:Capsaicin
966:Treatment
789:Section 5
705:capsaicin
645:capsaicin
526:CN (mace)
477:Kolokol-1
8476:NGD-8243
8461:Mavatrep
8446:GRC-6211
8415:cannabis
8405:cannabis
8395:cannabis
8385:cannabis
8366:AMG-9810
8342:Blockers
8323:Vanillin
8318:Tramadol
8282:cannabis
8260:Shogaols
8193:Piperine
7957:cannabis
7947:cannabis
7925:rosemary
7842:12S-HETE
7837:9-oxoODE
7784:Blockers
7734:PI(4,5)P
7722:Blockers
7700:PI(3,5)P
7607:Ononetin
7592:Nicotine
7540:Blockers
7516:fructose
7508:tastants
7454:Linalool
7439:Geraniol
7399:CIM-0216
7290:Blockers
7205:Nicotine
7180:A-967079
7173:Blockers
7133:cannabis
7106:Shogaols
7051:Nicotine
7017:Linalool
6956:Formalin
6918:turmeric
6914:Curcumin
6888:cinnamon
6878:cannabis
6868:cannabis
6858:cannabis
6844:ASP-7663
6802:Acrolein
6663:Polonium
6564:Modeccin
6473:Acrolein
6438:Lewisite
6343:Acrolein
6167:CS-27349
6117:Ibogaine
6000:Litharge
5989:Adamsite
5966:Diborane
5956:Fluomine
5936:Ethenone
5831:Acrolein
5798:Fluorine
5792:Phosgene
5782:Chlorine
5182:EA-3887A
5154:C01-A042
5149:C01-A039
5144:C01-A035
5022:V-agents
4932:G-agents
4817:(EA-229)
4785:Lewisite
4644:Cyanogen
4539:Archived
4493:Archived
4469:Archived
4444:Archived
4389:Archived
4338:Archived
4290:Archived
4237:Archived
4212:Archived
4174:Archived
4149:Archived
4124:Archived
4099:Archived
4074:Archived
4048:Archived
4011:Archived
3979:Archived
3925:Archived
3886:Archived
3860:Archived
3831:Archived
3806:Archived
3757:Archived
3731:Archived
3706:Archived
3681:Archived
3655:Archived
3630:Archived
3604:Archived
3489:Archived
3466:Archived
3458:"Greece"
3437:Archived
3418:Archived
3399:Archived
3277:Archived
3228:Archived
3111:Archived
3086:Archived
3057:Archived
3028:Archived
2997:Archived
2881:Cleanfax
2843:Archived
2839:12262260
2831:18924005
2643:10495655
2561:Archived
2533:Archived
2469:Archived
2451:Archived
2314:Archived
2283:Archived
2229:Archived
2204:Archived
2032:See also
2012:country.
2009:Scoville
1967:Victoria
1943:Tasmania
1902:Colombia
1854:Virginia
1850:device".
1819:New York
1803:Michigan
1647:Slovakia
1609:Portugal
1300:Thailand
1257:Pakistan
1251:Mongolia
1245:Malaysia
1207:: Legal
1056:Legality
1043:jalapeno
728:such as
710:Capsicum
654:policing
642:compound
626:OC spray
414:Adamsite
406:Vomiting
371:Chlorine
345:C01-A042
340:C01-A039
335:C01-A035
237:V-agents
187:G-agents
165:C01-A039
160:C01-A035
8496:RN-9893
8491:RN-1734
8361:AMG-517
8327:vanilla
8296:oregano
8268:Sichuan
8246:(RTX) (
8222:Protons
8185:(e.g.,
8118:Menthol
8100:incense
8020:Eugenol
7977:oregano
7917:Camphor
7885:Allicin
7875:Sichuan
7862:20-HETE
7852:13-HODE
7695:ML2-SA1
7596:tobacco
7547:AMG-333
7520:sucrose
7512:glucose
7510:(e.g.,
7493:(e.g.,
7459:Menthol
7393:Calcium
7209:tobacco
7185:AM-0902
7114:Sichuan
7055:tobacco
6944:Lindera
6821:mustard
6807:Allicin
6792:Sichuan
6769:4,5-EET
6731:channel
6412:Skatole
6407:Allicin
6122:EA-3834
6112:EA-3580
6102:EA-3443
6097:EA-3167
6092:EA-2148
6076:CS-4297
6071:EA-2092
6060:EA-4941
5787:Bromine
5425:EA-1224
5405:EA-1250
5318:R-16661
5293:EA-2613
5288:EA-2098
5283:EA-2054
5278:EA-2012
5247:3152 CT
5237:TL-1317
5232:TL-1299
5227:TL-1238
5197:EA-4056
5192:EA-3990
5187:EA-3966
5177:EA-3887
5075:EA-1763
5035:EA-3148
5030:EA-2192
5007:EA-4352
5002:EA-1356
4736:Stibine
3786:21 July
3180:May 30,
2979:fao.org
2937:14 June
2447:ozytive
2427:27 July
2385:2039598
1797:Florida
1703:Ukraine
1615:Romania
1496:Ireland
1482:Iceland
1454:Hungary
1406:Germany
1398:issued.
1377:Finland
1371:Denmark
1341:Belgium
1335:Austria
1322:Vietnam
1144:Nigeria
885:corneal
848:Effects
840:remove.
834:Grenade
775:In the
734:aerosol
719:ethanol
472:EA-3167
252:V-sub x
247:EA-3148
90:Blister
8436:DHEA-S
8288:Thymol
8264:ginger
8187:4α-PDD
8050:ginger
7889:garlic
7871:ginger
7832:9-HODE
7729:ML-SI3
7690:ML-SA1
7685:MK6-83
7506:Sweet
7469:PMD 38
7449:Icilin
7302:DHEA-S
7194:celery
7110:ginger
7005:celery
6996:JT-010
6986:Icilin
6965:ginger
6928:celery
6833:wasabi
6825:radish
6811:garlic
6788:ginger
6630:Napalm
6395:agents
6259:agents
6162:JB-336
6157:JB-318
6132:LSD-25
6088:(DMHP)
6036:agents
5695:A-8564
5655:(PbTX)
5605:(TeNT)
5222:TL-599
5212:T-1194
5207:T-1152
5202:T-1123
4971:(ClGD)
4953:(ClGB)
4864:TL-301
4666:Arsine
4503:
3370:
2837:
2829:
2641:
2601:Scribd
2383:
1896:Brazil
1837:felony
1785:spray.
1730:Canada
1672:Sweden
1641:Serbia
1621:Russia
1594:Poland
1583:Norway
1555:police
1534:Latvia
1448:Greece
1388:France
1329:Europe
1311:Taiwan
1228:Israel
1138:Africa
1128:lethal
998:CS gas
979:Maalox
799:Russia
715:chilis
677:wolves
664:, and
254:/GD-7,
8426:DCDPC
8292:thyme
8028:clove
8024:basil
7981:thyme
7895:AM404
7822:2-APB
7708:SF-22
7680:EVP21
7664:TRPML
7562:DCDPC
7531:WS-12
7297:DCDPC
7148:onion
7025:thyme
6947:spp.)
6908:cumin
6839:AM404
6618:Other
6574:Ricin
6489:Abrin
6448:KB-16
5735:IPTBO
5666:(ATX)
5639:(MTX)
5633:(PTX)
5622:(GTX)
5616:(CTX)
5599:(BTX)
5455:Nital
5261:Other
5139:A-262
5134:A-242
5129:A-234
5124:A-232
5119:A-208
4963:Soman
4959:(SGB)
4940:Tabun
4899:KB-16
4892:Other
4429:(Vic)
4265:(PDF)
3610:5 May
3541:(PDF)
3534:(PDF)
2975:(PDF)
2835:S2CID
2792:(PDF)
2781:(PDF)
2749:(PDF)
2738:(PDF)
2564:(PDF)
2557:(PDF)
2059:Notes
1847:Texas
1738:Only
1661:Spain
1506:Italy
1432:]
1239:Japan
1205:India
1174:China
1022:rings
985:gel,
981:, 2%
817:Types
806:China
636:is a
632:, or
330:A-262
325:A-242
320:A-234
315:A-232
310:A-230
178:Nerve
60:Blood
8431:DHEA
8376:BCTC
8270:and
8227:RhTx
8122:mint
8110:Low
8061:Heat
7995:DHEA
7877:and
7806:TRPV
7752:TRPP
7713:SN-2
7644:TPPO
7463:mint
7404:Cold
7388:BCTC
7367:TRPM
7347:Pyr3
7235:TRPC
7116:and
6794:and
6743:TRPA
6656:and
6274:(OC)
5991:(DM)
5821:(DP)
5810:(PS)
5794:(CG)
5745:TBPS
5740:TBPO
5588:(TZ)
5510:(TH)
5479:(DF)
5473:(SW)
5467:(TB)
5440:DMHP
5420:DEHP
5410:DIHP
5401:(KB)
5338:MSPI
4988:(GF)
4977:(GE)
4965:(GD)
4942:(GA)
4884:(CX)
4831:CEES
4799:(L3)
4793:(L2)
4781:(PD)
4775:(MD)
4769:(ED)
4662:(AC)
4656:(CK)
4547:2014
4501:ISBN
4320:2020
3933:2012
3788:2023
3612:2011
3424:StGB
3368:ISSN
3301:B.S.
3297:K.B.
3182:2010
3005:2011
2939:2024
2827:PMID
2639:PMID
2506:2020
2429:2023
2381:PMID
2322:2020
2291:2020
2154:2017
2131:2022
2007:The
1764:OSHA
1222:Iran
1157:Asia
879:The
593:Heat
7497:) (
6729:TRP
6298:CNS
5827:(Z)
5369:AlP
5364:ATO
4859:HN3
4854:HN2
4849:HN1
4787:(L)
3443:on
3415:§32
2819:doi
2373:doi
2258:F3d
1460:).
1086:by
1012:Use
907:and
804:In
724:An
683:as
652:in
146:HN3
141:HN2
136:HN1
8565::
8547:•
8294:,
8266:,
8199:,
8112:pH
8026:,
7987:,
7983:,
7979:,
7935:,
7931:,
7927:,
7923:,
7873:,
7518:,
7514:,
7112:,
7023:,
7007:,
6831:,
6827:,
6823:,
6790:,
6443:CX
6293:CR
6288:CS
6283:CN
6044:BZ
5559:TG
5554:TC
5529:QL
5415:ZS
5359:AT
5070:VX
5065:VS
5060:VR
5055:VP
5050:VM
5045:VG
5040:VE
4992:GP
4981:GH
4537:.
4533:.
4404:^
4387:.
4336:.
4288:.
4210:.
4206:.
4147:.
4122:.
4097:.
4072:.
4009:.
4005:.
3994:^
3977:.
3973:.
3949:.
3884:.
3858:.
3854:.
3829:.
3804:.
3755:.
3704:.
3679:.
3653:.
3628:.
3464:.
3460:.
3396:§2
3362:.
3275:.
3251:.
3226:.
3222:.
3198:.
3166:.
3134:.
3084:.
3080:.
3051:.
3026:.
3022:.
2977:.
2955:.
2930:.
2911:.
2879:.
2841:.
2833:.
2825:.
2815:12
2813:.
2809:.
2783:.
2740:.
2719:.
2635:60
2633:.
2599:.
2529:41
2527:.
2523:.
2492:.
2445:.
2419:.
2401:.
2379:.
2369:29
2367:.
2341:^
2312:.
2308:.
2281:.
2275:.
2256:.
2252:.
2185:.
2170:.
2119:.
2101:.
1750:.
1467:.
1430:de
1414:§1
1165::
1134:.
891:.
808:,
779:,
687:.
675:,
660:,
656:,
628:,
624:,
620:,
531:CR
521:CS
288:VX
283:VS
278:VR
273:VP
268:VM
263:VG
258:VE
227:GV
8417:)
8413:(
8407:)
8403:(
8397:)
8393:(
8387:)
8383:(
8357:)
8351:(
8329:)
8325:(
8314:)
8309:/
8304:(
8298:)
8290:(
8284:)
8280:(
8274:)
8262:(
8256:)
8251:/
8240:)
8234:(
8213:)
8209:(
8203:)
8195:(
8189:)
8169:)
8165:(
8159:)
8155:(
8149:)
8145:(
8124:)
8120:(
8102:)
8098:(
8092:)
8088:(
8082:)
8078:(
8052:)
8048:(
8042:)
8036:(
8030:)
8022:(
8011:)
8007:(
7975:(
7969:)
7965:(
7959:)
7955:(
7949:)
7945:(
7939:)
7919:(
7913:)
7907:(
7891:)
7887:(
7881:)
7869:(
7776:)
7770:(
7736:2
7702:2
7635:)
7629:(
7598:)
7594:(
7503:)
7487:)
7481:(
7465:)
7461:(
7425:)
7421:(
7277:)
7273:(
7257:)
7253:(
7211:)
7207:(
7196:)
7192:(
7160:)
7156:(
7150:)
7146:(
7135:)
7131:(
7120:)
7108:(
7102:)
7098:(
7077:)
7073:(
7067:)
7063:(
7057:)
7053:(
7042:)
7038:(
7027:)
7019:(
7013:)
7003:(
6967:)
6963:(
6941:(
6930:)
6926:(
6920:)
6916:(
6910:)
6906:(
6890:)
6886:(
6880:)
6876:(
6870:)
6866:(
6860:)
6856:(
6835:)
6819:(
6813:)
6809:(
6798:)
6786:(
6720:e
6713:t
6706:v
6002:-
4826:Q
4821:T
4603:e
4596:t
4589:v
4549:.
4507:.
4478:.
4453:.
4398:.
4372:.
4347:.
4322:.
4299:.
4274:.
4246:.
4221:.
4183:.
4158:.
4133:.
4108:.
4083:.
4059:.
4057:.
4020:.
3988:.
3959:.
3935:.
3909:.
3895:.
3869:.
3840:.
3815:.
3790:.
3766:.
3740:.
3715:.
3690:.
3664:.
3639:.
3614:.
3585:.
3571:.
3557:.
3519:.
3495:.
3475:.
3385:.
3348:.
3327:.
3286:.
3261:.
3237:.
3208:.
3184:.
3151:.
3120:.
3095:.
3066:.
3037:.
3007:.
2981:.
2959:.
2941:.
2915:.
2897:.
2852:.
2821::
2766:.
2723:.
2645:.
2603:.
2573:.
2542:.
2508:.
2478:.
2431:.
2405:.
2387:.
2375::
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