666:
Exposure to small amounts of cyanide has no effect. Higher concentrations cause dizziness, weakness and nausea, which cease with the exposure, but long-time exposure can cause mild symptoms followed by permanent brain damage and muscle paralysis. Moderate exposure causes stronger and longer-lasting
740:
Chemical detection methods, in the form of kits or testing strips, exist for hydrogen cyanide. Ordinary clothing provides some protection, but proper protective clothing and masks are recommended. Mask filters containing only charcoal are ineffective, and effective filters are quickly saturated.
696:
At sufficient concentrations, blood agents can quickly saturate the blood and cause death in a matter of minutes or seconds. They cause powerful gasping for breath, violent convulsions and a painful death that can take several minutes. The immediate
667:
symptoms, including headache, that can be followed by convulsions and coma. Stronger or longer exposure will also lead to convulsions and coma. Very strong exposure causes severe toxic effects within seconds, and rapid death.
670:
The blood of people killed by blood agents is bright red, because the agents inhibit the use of the oxygen in it by the body's cells. Cyanide poisoning can be detected by the presence of
1966:
2047:
663:
has a faint, bitter, almond odor that only about half of all people can smell. Arsine has a very faint garlic odor detectable only at greater than fatal concentrations.
582:. Blood agents are fast-acting, potentially lethal poisons that typically manifest at room temperature as volatile colorless gases with a faint odor. They are either
763:
The information in the following table, which lists blood agents of military significance, is taken from
Ledgard. The values given are on a scale from 1 to 10.
1804:
415:
254:
554:
748:
can decontaminate hydrogen cyanide, but the resulting metal salts remain poisonous on contact. Liquid hydrogen cyanide can be flushed with water.
953:
720:
between the blood and the body's cells. This causes the cells to suffocate from lack of oxygen. Cyanide-based agents do so by interrupting the
644:
encounters an acid, is used as a pesticide and in the semiconductor industry; most exposures to it occur accidentally in the workplace.
1351:
993:
Colorless gas and slightly yellow liquid, moldy hay odor, slightly soluble in water and soluble in most solvents, also acts as a
744:
Due to their high volatility, cyanide agents generally need no decontamination. In enclosed areas, fire extinguishers spraying
1297:
1250:
1223:
1125:
547:
1292:
Longerich, Peter (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi
Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
2563:
1050:, also displays properties of a blood agent (as well as those of a malodorant). It was proposed as a chemical weapon in
2179:
896:
Colorless needle-shaped or cubic crystals, tending to volatilize on standing, hence of limited usefulness as a weapon.
2194:
2184:
1321:
1277:
2022:
1465:
682:
poisoning. There is no specific test for arsine poisoning, but it may leave a garlic smell on the victim's breath.
540:
3430:
1653:
528:
2911:
2720:
2474:
2906:
2154:
1344:
1035:
could technically be called a blood agent because it binds with oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the blood (see
1329:
2506:
2052:
2288:
2232:
2226:
2148:
2123:
2017:
1580:
2896:
3417:
3127:
2595:
2174:
1921:
3385:
2793:
2590:
1036:
440:
482:
3102:
3087:
2695:
2605:
2439:
2252:
2077:
1337:
1047:
721:
628:. They are also used in several industrial processes and as pesticides. Cyanides are released when
2650:
2645:
2220:
1309:
2675:
2429:
2257:
1608:
1598:
1445:
615:
127:
117:
1240:
752:
3456:
3047:
2574:
2375:
2283:
1213:
1199:
1186:
1090:. This resulted in the largest death toll as a result of the use of chemical agents to date.
373:
1031:, colorless crystalline compounds similar in appearance to sugar, also act as blood agents.
3374:
3202:
3122:
2783:
2710:
2665:
2630:
2610:
2159:
1658:
1528:
1522:
1460:
1369:
427:
88:
83:
8:
3407:
3067:
2835:
2763:
2758:
2690:
2615:
2298:
2247:
2118:
2108:
1878:
1689:
1516:
1490:
1480:
1450:
702:
445:
410:
405:
301:
178:
78:
958:
Colorless liquid, irritating and bitter odor, slightly soluble in water, also acts as a
3435:
3293:
3248:
3207:
3107:
2585:
2552:
2479:
2293:
2087:
1455:
1051:
3253:
3112:
3032:
2680:
2640:
2600:
2454:
2273:
2268:
2214:
2209:
2189:
2143:
1403:
1317:
1293:
1273:
1246:
1219:
1121:
1028:
860:
691:
679:
656:
507:
48:
3390:
3217:
3097:
2660:
2635:
2625:
2303:
2169:
2113:
1868:
1850:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1741:
1730:
1590:
1430:
1409:
1398:
1364:
1071:
891:
798:
745:
660:
629:
269:
264:
259:
249:
244:
239:
208:
110:
53:
1771:
1681:
3273:
3052:
2768:
2521:
2444:
2424:
2346:
1440:
1420:
1267:
1242:
Chemical and biological warfare: a comprehensive survey for the concerned citizen
1059:
1032:
625:
607:
344:
27:
1116:
Walsh, C. J. (2008). "Blood agents". In Ayn Embar-seddon; Allan D. Pass (eds.).
865:
Colorless gas or liquid, pungent and biting odor, soluble in water and alcohol.
3192:
3132:
3057:
2996:
2730:
2670:
2419:
1860:
1631:
1556:
1470:
1024:
729:
717:
709:
698:
575:
387:
280:
136:
1269:
Chemical
Warfare Agents: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics
3450:
3396:
3343:
3338:
3268:
3212:
3077:
3062:
3016:
2841:
2804:
2773:
2620:
2469:
2352:
2278:
2204:
1575:
1500:
1425:
1359:
1087:
1043:
1039:), but its high volatility makes it impractical as a chemical warfare agent.
994:
959:
834:
Colorless gas, almond odor, burns with a pinkish flame having a blue border.
675:
492:
71:
652:
The symptoms of blood agent poisoning depend on concentration and duration.
3348:
3298:
3082:
3072:
3027:
3021:
2991:
2986:
2744:
2655:
2557:
2501:
2464:
2413:
2392:
2341:
2308:
2237:
2199:
2138:
2103:
2001:
1623:
1603:
1475:
1374:
1083:
1079:
725:
633:
497:
472:
400:
357:
122:
1070:
The most significant practical application of blood agents was the use of
3358:
3333:
3288:
3151:
3117:
2981:
2976:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2901:
2820:
2809:
2799:
2511:
2242:
2133:
2128:
2062:
1761:
1746:
1718:
1700:
1672:
1564:
1055:
671:
188:
159:
99:
3308:
3303:
3283:
3278:
3263:
3258:
3171:
3166:
3142:
2966:
2951:
2946:
2891:
2886:
2568:
2449:
2408:
2402:
2386:
2369:
2363:
2330:
2322:
2263:
2057:
1829:
1735:
1724:
1546:
1540:
599:
467:
368:
203:
198:
3403:
3353:
3328:
3318:
3243:
2971:
2961:
2956:
2876:
2856:
2830:
2815:
2753:
2700:
2459:
2397:
2380:
2358:
2335:
2072:
1913:
1706:
1570:
1509:
1435:
603:
458:
678:, or respiratory tract inflammations and congestions in the case of
3412:
3313:
3222:
3187:
3092:
3006:
2916:
2866:
2749:
2738:
2715:
2705:
2685:
2580:
2547:
2541:
2531:
1931:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1534:
1393:
1075:
988:
829:
624:
compounds occur in small amounts in the natural environment and in
395:
362:
352:
326:
321:
316:
146:
141:
93:
3161:
3156:
2871:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2536:
2164:
2082:
2067:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1834:
1824:
1784:
1779:
1756:
1751:
1485:
803:
Colorless gas or liquid, almond odor, burns with a bluish flame.
641:
621:
611:
587:
583:
453:
233:
228:
3379:
3042:
3037:
2825:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1613:
1415:
922:
713:
637:
512:
502:
58:
1086:
to commit the mass murder of Jews and others in the course of
3323:
3238:
3197:
2484:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1712:
1695:
1648:
579:
572:
311:
306:
296:
291:
193:
183:
1967:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
927:
Colorless gas, garlic-like odor, slightly soluble in water.
618:, they are more toxic in confined areas than in open areas.
2494:
2489:
2048:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
1314:
From
Cooperation to Complicity: Degussa in the Third Reich
2881:
2434:
1058:, along with the significantly more potent blood agent,
636:
burn, and may thus contribute to fire-related deaths.
655:
Cyanide-based blood agents irritate the eyes and the
614:and take effect through inhalation. Due to their
578:that affects the body by being absorbed into the
3448:
735:
1215:A Laboratory History of Chemical Warfare Agents
1042:One of the earliest proposed chemical weapons,
1345:
610:, blood agents are typically disseminated as
548:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1352:
1338:
732:which deliver oxygen throughout the body.
555:
541:
1192:
1174:
1134:
1100:
1211:
758:
3449:
2233:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
2227:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
1265:
1238:
2475:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
1333:
1115:
674:or cyanide in the blood, a smell of
2564:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
13:
2180:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
14:
3468:
2195:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
2185:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
659:, while arsine is nonirritating.
2023:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
1466:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
3431:List of chemical warfare agents
1654:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
529:List of chemical warfare agents
1303:
1286:
1259:
1232:
1205:
712:by preventing the exchange of
1:
1093:
778:Effectiveness as blood agent
736:Detection and countermeasures
2507:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2053:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
1218:. Lulu. pp. 79 et seq.
1120:. Salem Press. p. 150.
16:Type of toxic chemical agent
7:
2289:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
2149:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
2018:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
784:Persistence, enclosed area
647:
593:
10:
3473:
3128:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
2596:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
1922:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
724:in the inner membranes of
689:
685:
598:Blood agents work through
446:Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
3426:
3386:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
3367:
3231:
3180:
3141:
3005:
2782:
2729:
2591:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
2520:
2321:
2096:
2010:
2002:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
1912:
1859:
1843:
1770:
1680:
1671:
1641:
1622:
1589:
1555:
1508:
1499:
1384:
1266:Romano, James A. (2007).
1245:. Springer. p. 108.
1037:carbon monoxide poisoning
751:Cyanide poisoning can be
708:Blood agents work at the
89:Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
84:Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
3103:Chloroacetophenone oxime
3088:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
2696:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
2606:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
2253:Phosphorus pentachloride
2078:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
1272:. CRC Press. p. 4.
793:Toxicity as blood agent
775:Melting / boiling point
722:electron transport chain
79:Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
3382:(variants and mixtures)
2651:Trichloronitrosomethane
2646:Trifluoronitrosomethane
2221:Methyldichlorophosphine
1212:Ledgard, Jared (2006).
781:Persistence, open area
416:Diphenylamincyanoarsine
3181:Cornea-clouding agents
2676:Phosphorus trichloride
2258:Phosphorus trichloride
1992:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
1446:Phosphorus trifluoride
1065:
965:124 °C (boiling)
753:treated with antidotes
49:Cyanogen chloride (CK)
2575:Disulfur decafluoride
2376:Chlorophenylsilatrane
2284:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
1239:Croddy, Eric (2002).
1048:Cadet's fuming liquid
728:. Arsine damages the
428:Incapacitating agents
374:Disulfur decafluoride
54:Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
3375:Methyl fluoroacetate
3203:Methyl cyanoacrylate
3123:Allyl isothiocyanate
2711:Uranium hexafluoride
2666:Dinitrogen tetroxide
2611:Chlorine trifluoride
1659:Selenium oxychloride
1529:Phenyldichloroarsine
1523:Methyldichloroarsine
1461:Nickel tetracarbonyl
759:List of blood agents
3068:Bromobenzyl cyanide
2836:Dimethylheptylpyran
2764:Diphenylcyanoarsine
2759:Diphenylchlorarsine
2691:Methyl vinyl ketone
2616:Perchloryl fluoride
2480:Bicyclic phosphates
2299:Trimethyl phosphite
2248:Phosphoryl chloride
1517:Ethyldichloroarsine
1491:Chloral cyanohydrin
1481:Acetone cyanohydrin
1451:Methyl cyanoformate
1316:, pp. 2, 272.
930:−117 / −62 °C
703:respiratory failure
483:Riot-control (RCAs)
411:Diphenylcyanoarsine
406:Diphenylchlorarsine
137:Phosgene oxime (CX)
22:Part of a series on
3436:CB military symbol
3294:Enterotoxin type B
3249:Cyclopiazonic acid
3208:N-Methylmorpholine
3108:Ethyl bromoacetate
2586:Ethyl bromoacetate
2553:Perfluoroisobutene
2294:Triethyl phosphite
1565:Levinstein mustard
1456:Iron pentacarbonyl
1052:the British Empire
837:−28 / −21 °C
790:Storage stability
3444:
3443:
3254:Histrionicotoxins
3232:Biological toxins
3113:Ethyl iodoacetate
2681:Methyl isocyanate
2641:Selenoyl fluoride
2631:Mercuric chloride
2601:Tetranitromethane
2455:Sulfuryl fluoride
2440:HN3 hydrochloride
2435:HN2 hydrochloride
2430:HN1 hydrochloride
2317:
2316:
2274:Phenacyl chloride
2269:Pinacolyl alcohol
2215:Isopropyl alcohol
2210:4-Hydroxycoumarin
2144:1,8-Dibromooctane
1667:
1666:
1591:Nitrogen mustards
1404:Cyanogen chloride
1298:978-0-19-280436-5
1252:978-0-387-95076-1
1225:978-1-4116-9432-3
1127:978-1-58765-423-7
1029:potassium cyanide
1022:
1021:
861:Cyanogen chloride
806:−13 / 26 °C
692:Cyanide poisoning
680:cyanogen chloride
657:respiratory tract
640:gas, formed when
630:synthetic fabrics
565:
564:
521:
520:
498:Pepper spray (OC)
358:Chloropicrin (PS)
345:Pulmonary/choking
335:
334:
3464:
3418:White phosphorus
3395:post-combustion
3391:Depleted uranium
3218:Osmium tetroxide
3098:Phenacyl bromide
2661:Nitrogen dioxide
2636:Selenium dioxide
2626:Cadmium chloride
2083:Dimefox (TL-792)
1678:
1677:
1506:
1505:
1431:Hydrogen sulfide
1410:Hydrogen cyanide
1399:Cyanogen bromide
1365:chemical warfare
1354:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1307:
1301:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1172:
1169:
1132:
1131:
1118:Forensic Science
1113:
1072:hydrogen cyanide
899:52 / 62 °C
892:Cyanogen bromide
868:−6 / 14 °C
799:Hydrogen cyanide
787:Field stability
766:
765:
746:sodium carbonate
661:Hydrogen cyanide
608:chemical weapons
557:
550:
543:
435:
434:
189:Chlorosarin (GC)
165:
164:
111:Nitrogen mustard
104:
19:
18:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3422:
3363:
3274:Botulinum toxin
3227:
3176:
3137:
3053:Benzyl chloride
3008:
3001:
2785:
2778:
2769:Cacodyl cyanide
2731:Vomiting agents
2725:
2523:
2516:
2425:Dimethylmercury
2347:Botulinum toxin
2313:
2092:
2006:
1908:
1861:Novichok agents
1855:
1839:
1766:
1663:
1637:
1618:
1585:
1557:Sulfur mustards
1551:
1495:
1441:Carbon monoxide
1421:Cacodyl cyanide
1380:
1379:
1363:Agents used in
1358:
1328:
1327:
1308:
1304:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1170:
1135:
1128:
1114:
1101:
1096:
1068:
1060:cacodyl cyanide
1033:Carbon monoxide
761:
738:
730:red blood cells
694:
688:
650:
626:cigarette smoke
596:
561:
517:
477:
463:
422:
421:
420:
390:
380:
379:
378:
369:Diphosgene (DP)
365:
347:
337:
336:
331:
281:Novichok agents
274:
213:
204:Cyclosarin (GF)
199:Ethylsarin (GE)
162:
152:
151:
133:
132:
113:
106:
103:(HD H HT HL HQ)
102:
101:
74:
64:
63:
44:
28:Chemical agents
17:
12:
11:
5:
3470:
3460:
3459:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3397:uranium oxides
3388:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3133:Crotonaldehyde
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:Benzyl bromide
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2997:Chlorpromazine
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2788:
2784:Incapacitating
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2747:
2742:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Sulfur dioxide
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2524:choking agents
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2420:Tetraethyllead
2417:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:A.P.C. complex
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1835:V-sub x (GD-7)
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1632:Phosgene oxime
1628:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1501:Blister agents
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:Glycolonitrile
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:incapacitation
1367:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1302:
1285:
1278:
1258:
1251:
1231:
1224:
1204:
1191:
1173:
1133:
1126:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1067:
1064:
1025:Sodium cyanide
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
991:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
956:
950:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
919:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
888:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
857:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
826:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
760:
757:
737:
734:
718:carbon dioxide
710:cellular level
699:cause of death
690:Main article:
687:
684:
676:bitter almonds
649:
646:
595:
592:
576:chemical agent
563:
562:
560:
559:
552:
545:
537:
534:
533:
532:
531:
523:
522:
519:
518:
516:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
489:
486:
485:
479:
478:
476:
475:
470:
464:
462:
461:
456:
450:
449:
448:
443:
431:
430:
424:
423:
419:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
392:
391:
386:
385:
382:
381:
377:
376:
371:
366:
360:
355:
349:
348:
343:
342:
339:
338:
333:
332:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
285:
284:
276:
275:
273:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
225:
222:
221:
215:
214:
212:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
175:
172:
171:
163:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
114:
109:
107:
98:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
70:
69:
66:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
45:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3469:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:its compounds
3405:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Tetanospasmin
3342:
3340:
3339:T-2 mycotoxin
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:Batrachotoxin
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Allyl alcohol
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Chloroacetone
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Benzyl iodide
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Xylyl bromide
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:Butyrophenone
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2774:o-Dianisidine
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Cadmium oxide
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Batrachotoxin
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:Tetanospasmin
2351:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1624:Nettle agents
1621:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Cacodyl oxide
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1323:
1322:0-521-78227-9
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1279:9781420046625
1275:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1088:the Holocaust
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:cacodyl oxide
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:choking agent
992:
990:
987:
986:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:blister agent
957:
955:
952:
951:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
767:
764:
756:
754:
749:
747:
742:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
693:
683:
681:
677:
673:
668:
664:
662:
658:
653:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:
570:
558:
553:
551:
546:
544:
539:
538:
536:
535:
530:
527:
526:
525:
524:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
493:Xylyl bromide
491:
490:
488:
487:
484:
481:
480:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
442:
441:Agent 15 (BZ)
439:
438:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
426:
425:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
389:
384:
383:
375:
372:
370:
367:
364:
363:Phosgene (CG)
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
346:
341:
340:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
287:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
224:
223:
220:
217:
216:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
174:
173:
170:
167:
166:
161:
156:
155:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
112:
108:
105:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
73:
68:
67:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
46:
43:
38:
37:
34:Lethal agents
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
21:
20:
3457:Blood agents
3349:Tetrodotoxin
3299:Grayanotoxin
3083:Bromoacetone
3073:Thiophosgene
3028:Mace (spray)
3022:Pepper spray
3007:Lachrymatory
2992:Fluphenazine
2987:Procarbazine
2897:Sleeping gas
2745:Chloropicrin
2656:Nitric oxide
2558:Chloropicrin
2502:Cloflubicyne
2465:Oxotremorine
2414:Antillatoxin
2393:Tetrodotoxin
2342:Bungarotoxin
2238:Nitromethane
2200:Formaldoxime
2139:Cyclohexanol
2104:Acetonitrile
1851:GV (EA-5365)
1673:Nerve agents
1476:Lactonitrile
1386:Blood agents
1385:
1375:riot control
1313:
1310:Hayes, Peter
1305:
1288:
1268:
1261:
1241:
1234:
1214:
1207:
1194:
1117:
1084:Nazi Germany
1080:gas chambers
1069:
1041:
1023:
954:Vinyl arsine
772:Description
762:
750:
743:
739:
726:mitochondria
707:
695:
669:
665:
654:
651:
634:polyurethane
620:
597:
568:
566:
473:Sleeping gas
401:Chloropicrin
279:
218:
168:
94:Lewisite (L)
41:
3359:Veratridine
3334:Shiga toxin
3289:Domoic acid
3152:Thioacetone
3118:Iodoacetone
2982:Pentazocine
2977:Sevoflurane
2942:CAR-302,668
2937:CAR-302,282
2932:CAR-302,196
2927:CAR-301,060
2922:CAR-226,086
2902:Carfentanil
2800:Apomorphine
2721:Green Cross
2512:Domoic acid
2323:Neurotoxins
2243:OPA mixture
2134:Chlorosoman
2129:Chlorosarin
2063:Phospholine
1762:Crotylsarin
1747:Fluorotabun
1719:Chlorosoman
1701:Chlorosarin
1171:Walsh, 151.
1056:Crimean War
1054:during the
701:is usually
672:thiocyanate
569:blood agent
100:Mustard gas
59:Arsine (SA)
3309:Maitotoxin
3304:Guanitoxin
3284:Ciguatoxin
3279:Brevetoxin
3264:Anatoxin-a
3259:Aflatoxins
3172:Putrescine
3167:Cadaverine
3143:Malodorant
2967:Isoflurane
2952:Desflurane
2947:Benperidol
2892:Psilocybin
2887:PAVA spray
2569:Diphosgene
2522:Pulmonary/
2450:Picrotoxin
2409:Strychnine
2403:Brevetoxin
2387:Maitotoxin
2370:Guanitoxin
2364:Ciguatoxin
2331:Anatoxin-a
2264:Pinacolone
2097:Precursors
2058:Selenophos
1914:Carbamates
1830:Chinese VX
1736:Cyclosarin
1725:Ethylsarin
1696:Sarin (GB)
1547:Lewisite 3
1541:Lewisite 2
1510:Arsenicals
1094:References
616:volatility
600:inhalation
468:PAVA spray
194:Soman (GD)
184:Sarin (GB)
179:Tabun (GA)
3404:Plutonium
3354:Volkensin
3329:Saxitoxin
3319:Palytoxin
3244:Aconitine
2972:Halothane
2962:Bufotenin
2957:Enflurane
2877:Kolokol-1
2857:Pethidine
2831:Etoxadrol
2816:Etorphine
2812:(CS-4640)
2796:(CS-4030)
2754:glycerine
2701:Salcomine
2460:Tremorine
2398:Aconitine
2381:Palytoxin
2359:Ryanodine
2336:Saxitoxin
2073:Ro 3-0422
1844:GV agents
1707:Thiosarin
1436:Phosphine
1198:Ledgard,
1185:Ledgard,
1000:−118 / 8
604:ingestion
508:CN (mace)
459:Kolokol-1
3451:Category
3413:Polonium
3314:Modeccin
3223:Acrolein
3188:Lewisite
3093:Acrolein
2917:CS-27349
2867:Ibogaine
2750:Litharge
2739:Adamsite
2716:Diborane
2706:Fluomine
2686:Ethenone
2581:Acrolein
2548:Fluorine
2542:Phosgene
2532:Chlorine
1932:EA-3887A
1904:C01-A042
1899:C01-A039
1894:C01-A035
1772:V-agents
1682:G-agents
1567:(EA-229)
1535:Lewisite
1394:Cyanogen
1312:(2004).
1076:Zyklon B
989:Phosgene
830:Cyanogen
648:Symptoms
612:aerosols
594:Exposure
590:-based.
396:Adamsite
388:Vomiting
353:Chlorine
327:C01-A042
322:C01-A039
317:C01-A035
219:V-agents
169:G-agents
147:C01-A039
142:C01-A035
3162:Skatole
3157:Allicin
2872:EA-3834
2862:EA-3580
2852:EA-3443
2847:EA-3167
2842:EA-2148
2826:CS-4297
2821:EA-2092
2810:EA-4941
2537:Bromine
2175:EA-1224
2155:EA-1250
2068:R-16661
2043:EA-2613
2038:EA-2098
2033:EA-2054
2028:EA-2012
1997:3152 CT
1987:TL-1317
1982:TL-1299
1977:TL-1238
1947:EA-4056
1942:EA-3990
1937:EA-3966
1927:EA-3887
1825:EA-1763
1785:EA-3148
1780:EA-2192
1757:EA-4352
1752:EA-1356
1486:Stibine
686:Effects
642:arsenic
622:Cyanide
588:arsenic
584:cyanide
454:EA-3167
234:V-sub x
229:EA-3148
72:Blister
3380:Napalm
3145:agents
3009:agents
2912:JB-336
2907:JB-318
2882:LSD-25
2838:(DMHP)
2786:agents
2445:A-8564
2405:(PbTX)
2355:(TeNT)
1972:TL-599
1962:T-1194
1957:T-1152
1952:T-1123
1721:(ClGD)
1703:(ClGB)
1614:TL-301
1416:Arsine
1320:
1296:
1276:
1249:
1222:
1124:
923:Arsine
769:Agent
714:oxygen
638:Arsine
236:/GD-7,
3368:Other
3324:Ricin
3239:Abrin
3198:KB-16
2485:IPTBO
2416:(ATX)
2389:(MTX)
2383:(PTX)
2372:(GTX)
2366:(CTX)
2349:(BTX)
2205:Nital
2011:Other
1889:A-262
1884:A-242
1879:A-234
1874:A-232
1869:A-208
1713:Soman
1709:(SGB)
1690:Tabun
1649:KB-16
1642:Other
1078:) in
1046:, or
606:. As
586:- or
580:blood
573:toxic
571:is a
312:A-262
307:A-242
302:A-234
297:A-232
292:A-230
160:Nerve
42:Blood
3406:and
3024:(OC)
2741:(DM)
2571:(DP)
2560:(PS)
2544:(CG)
2495:TBPS
2490:TBPO
2338:(TZ)
2260:(TH)
2229:(DF)
2223:(SW)
2217:(TB)
2190:DMHP
2170:DEHP
2160:DIHP
2151:(KB)
2088:MSPI
1738:(GF)
1727:(GE)
1715:(GD)
1692:(GA)
1634:(CX)
1581:CEES
1549:(L3)
1543:(L2)
1531:(PD)
1525:(MD)
1519:(ED)
1412:(AC)
1406:(CK)
1318:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1220:ISBN
1122:ISBN
1027:and
716:and
3048:CNS
2577:(Z)
2119:AlP
2114:ATO
1609:HN3
1604:HN2
1599:HN1
1537:(L)
1082:by
1066:Use
1003:10
824:10
818:10
809:10
632:or
602:or
128:HN3
123:HN2
118:HN1
3453::
3193:CX
3043:CR
3038:CS
3033:CN
2794:BZ
2309:TG
2304:TC
2279:QL
2165:ZS
2109:AT
1820:VX
1815:VS
1810:VR
1805:VP
1800:VM
1795:VG
1790:VE
1742:GP
1731:GH
1200:73
1187:72
1176:^
1136:^
1102:^
1062:.
1018:6
1015:8
1012:5
1009:9
1006:6
997:.
983:6
980:9
977:8
974:9
971:7
968:7
962:.
948:9
945:9
942:5
939:8
936:3
933:9
917:8
914:6
911:5
908:8
905:5
902:9
886:8
883:9
880:9
877:9
874:3
871:8
855:9
852:7
849:8
846:9
843:2
840:9
821:8
815:9
812:2
755:.
705:.
567:A
513:CR
503:CS
270:VX
265:VS
260:VR
255:VP
250:VM
245:VG
240:VE
209:GV
2752:-
1576:Q
1571:T
1353:e
1346:t
1339:v
1300:.
1282:.
1255:.
1228:.
1202:.
1189:.
1130:.
1074:(
556:e
549:t
542:v
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