2066:'s extreme Legitimist stance made restoration politically impossible. MacMahon refused to support efforts to force the Assembly's hand. In the absence of his full support there was no way to achieve monarchy by extra-parliamentary means. The right had no choice but to keep MacMahon in office to gain time and act as a barrier to the left by repressing radical agitation and pursuing policies to restore "moral order" to the country. In November 1873, he was voted a term of office of seven years. However, the divisions among the royalists left MacMahon in a political predicament for which he was not prepared, trying to keep the Republicans at bay without defined powers or a clear source of legitimacy, without a clear majority in parliament or the country, and without the use of force. In 1874, due to demands for Bonapartism, MacMahon called for constitutional reform. To ensure calm this led to a system of a President and Senate elected indirectly. In 1876, MacMahon had to accept governments by moderate Republicans. However, in 1877, MacMahon dismissed Simon and recalled the Duke de Broglie. The new government was dissolved on a no confidence vote. Conservatives hoped to exploit their influential press, heavy patronage, and martial law to coerce the voters. They failed in the general election of October 1877, as the Republicans won the majority despite the challenges on the right. In January 1879, the Republicans forced MacMahon's resignation. He died in 1893, with Republicans viewing him as a danger to the Republic and diehard monarchists considering him a bungler who mishandled their dream of restoration.
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and that there were severe risks of explosions and being blown to pieces, he responded with the famous: ("J'y suis, j'y reste !" – "Here I am; here will I stay !"). Later, other controversies were engaged around the authenticity of this word, and no certain proof of this authenticity were able to be appropriated. It seems that the historical truth would be a little different. After having entered into
Malakof, the French troops had to sustain violent counterattacks launched by the Russians; it was only after a couple of hours that their position were finally consolidated, and Mac-Mahon would have sent a letter to Pélissier with the following message, quite different in the form and the content :" Je suis dans Malakof et je suis sûr de m'y maintenir" – "Here I am in Malakof and I am certain of maintaining myself" (
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2834:, convinced that the triumph of Radicalism would be to the detriment of the nation. MacMahon's government was mildly repressive toward the left. Newspapers were prosecuted, senior officials were removed if they were suspected of support for republicanism. Critical pamphlets were suppressed while the government circulated its own propaganda. The proprietors of meeting places were advised not to allow meetings of critics of the government. On the other hand, he gave no support to a coup d'état by monarchists. MacMahon truly believed that the National Assembly should rule France and not the president.
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that influential
Germans, alarmed by France's rapid recovery from defeat in 1871 and its rearmaments program, were talking of launching a preemptive attack on France. Britain and Russia made it clear that they would not tolerate such aggression. Bismarck did not seek war either, but the unexpected crisis forced him to take into consideration the alarm that his aggressive policies, plus Germany's fast-growing power, were causing among its neighbors.
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2083:, the leader of the Republicans. He moved for a parliamentary system in which the assembly selected the ruling government of the Third Republic, but he also insisted on an upper chamber. He later dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, resulting in public outrage and a Republican electoral victory. Soon after MacMahon resigned and retired to private life.
2729:, as he thought this incompatible with his duties as President of the Republic. On 4 February 1874, MacMahon declared that he would respect the established legal order. Preferring to remain "au-dessus des partis" (above parties), he observed rather than took part in the procedures which in January and February 1875 led to the
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This word that is very suggestive in its concision, was that of
Marshal de Mac Mahon, in the circumstances which historian Henri Martin related to: Mac-Mahon, while launching all his division, had finished off with repelling the Russians from Malakof. Informed that the openings were rigged with mines
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region suffered heavy flooding. While visiting the inundated cities and villages he declared "que d'eau… que d'eau !… " (nothing but water…only water!…). The prefect of the department responded to him: "Et encore, Monsieur le Président, vous n'en voyez que le dessus!" (Then again, Mr. President,
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sought to promote republicanism in France by strategically and ideologically isolating MacMahon's clerical-monarchist supporters. Bismarck's containment policy almost got out of hand in 1875 during the "War in Sight" crisis. There was a war scare in
Germany and France when the German press reported
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According to David Bell, after Thiers' resignation in May 1873, the royalist majority in the
National Assembly drafted MacMahon as the new leader, with the hope that he would hold the fort until the Bourbon pretender was ready to restore the throne. However, the
2073:, and a traditionalist who despised anarchism, communism, socialism and liberalism and strongly distrusted the mostly secular Republicans. He kept to his duty as the neutral guardian of the Constitution and rejected suggestions of a monarchist
3316:"I have remained a soldier", he says in his memoirs, "and I can conscientiously say that I have not only served one Government after another loyally, but, when they fell, have regretted all of them with the single exception of my own".
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In his still unpublished memoirs, MacMahon described his political convictions: "By family tradition, and by the sentiments towards the royal house which were instilled in me by my early education, I could not be anything but a
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His presidency may be summarised thus: on the one hand, he allowed the
Republic to establish itself; on the other hand, so far as his lawful prerogatives permitted, he restrained the political advance of parties hostile to the
2543:; the law (which passed) allowed easier government action against "enemies of the Empire" and those suspected of political crimes, and made anyone who did not pledge allegiance to Napoleon III ineligible for the legislature.
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MacMahon did not distinguish himself in this appointment. While he initiated several reforms, numerous complaints were made against him. During the first half of 1870, he submitted his resignation to
Napoleon III. When the
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but when this project failed, accepted a seven-year mandate which the
Assembly gave him on 9 November 1873. Mac Mahon deemed himself responsible to the country than to parliament, which brought him into conflict with the
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and lands of
Seenish, Inisch, Arovan, Ylan-Magrath, Ing, located in the County of Clare and the island of Fymes, of the city and not of Ryencanagh, and several lands in Limerick County, 1st Marquis of Éguilly.
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2618:. In 1871 the French army surrendered, and the Germans had clearly won the war. Overall his strategic planning was confused and marked by indecision. He, along with the rest of the army including the
2236:. He then entered the Special Military School at Saint-Cyr on 23 October 1825. He then joined the application school at the General Staff Headquarters on 1 October 1827, for a period of two years.
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2054:, surrendered to the Germans. Thus France lost the war and the Emperor went into exile. After convalescing, MacMahon was appointed head of the Versailles army, which suppressed the
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manifestations". Twelve days later, he dismissed Prime
Minister Jules Simon and again appointed Albert de Broglie. Hoping for a conservative victory, MacMahon then convinced the
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2531:. Desiring a more active life, he refused a senior position in the French metropolitan army, and returned to Algeria. In Algeria, he served in a campaign against the
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de MacMahon and 1st Marquis d'Éguilly (from his wife Charlotte Le Belin, Dame d'Éguilly) by King Louis XV, and the family in France had decidedly royalist politics.
2140:. They applied for French citizenship in 1749; after the definitive installation of the family in France, their nobility was recognised by the patent letter of King
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to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, and campaigned across the country, while protesting that he had no intention of overthrowing the Republic. On 15 August 1877,
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gave the Republicans a majority of 120 seats, and prime minister Broglie accordingly resigned on 19 November. MacMahon attempted first to form a government under
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In his voluntary retirement he carried with him the esteem of all parties: Jules Simon, who did not love him, and whom he did not love, afterwards called him:
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and placed the city under the authority of the Third Republic. He was not blamed for the repression, but instead became the hero of the hour for the right.
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declared: "Le Président n'a que ce choix: il lui faut se soumettre ou se démettre." ("The President has only but one choice: he must submit or resign.")
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2198:. He was the 16th of 17 children of a family already in the French nobility; his grandfather Knight Lord Overlord Jean-Baptiste de MacMahon, was named
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3352:. MacMahon captured the Malakoff, but was urged to withdraw rather than be crushed by imminent Russian counter-attacks. He refused, replying
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2705:, a monarchist. With de Broglie as Prime Minister, he adopted a series of measures to install a new conservative "moral order".
2503:, he was given command of the 1st Infantry Division of the 2nd Orient Army Corps and, in September 1855, he won a victory at the
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2690:. Only one vote was cast against him. Renowned for his popularity, Mac Mahon was elected following the unsuccessful election of
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in September 1870, in part because of his confused and indecisive strategic planning. The army, including MacMahon and Emperor
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used it in response to pressure from his valet Jeeves to shave off his new moustache ('Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit' Ch.1).
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3909:. Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 3–4
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T. G. Otte, "From 'War-in-Sight' to Nearly War: Anglo–French Relations in the Age of High Imperialism, 1875–1898,"
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Patrice de MacMahon (as he was usually known before being elevated to a ducal title in his own right) was born in
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Showing his faith in the Foreign Legion during the Battle of Magenta: "The Legion is here. It's in the bag!" ("
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MacMahon led the main French army in the war against the Germans in 1870. He was trapped and wounded at the
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de Sully, where Patrice de Mac Mahon was born on 13 June 1808, sixteenth and the second-youngest son of
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In 1820, MacMahon entered the Petit Séminaire des Marbres at Autun; then completed his education at
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2035:; 13 June 1808 – 17 October 1893), was a French general and politician, with the distinction of
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https://web.archive.org/web/20030224080507/http://www.limerick.com/history/marshallmcmahon.html
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of mullets of the first) thereon the "couronne ducale" (crown of a duke of the Ancien Régime).
2725:." Nevertheless, in November 1873, he refused to meet with the Bourbon claimant to the throne,
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of 1859. He advanced his troops without having received orders at a critical moment during the
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A military family (14 members of the house of de Mac Mahon were in the Army), they settled in
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3356:("Here I am, Here I stay!"). MacMahon's troops held the Malakoff, and Sevastopol soon fell.
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for several days, in order to prepare the grand maneuvers of the third army. Following the
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cabinet was formed, the Emperor abandoned his Algerian projects and MacMahon was recalled.
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de Mac Mahon and de Charnay, and Pélagie de Riquet de Caraman (1769–1819), a descendant of
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The French Foreign Legion: A Complete History of the Legendary Fighting Force (book),
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2511:. During the battle he is reputed to have said: "Here I am; here will I stay!" (
2338:(Algeria) and upon his return to France, he learnt that he had been promoted to
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After his return to France, he received a number of honours and was appointed
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Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de MacMahon, marquis de MacMahon, duc de Magenta
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as King of Prussia. In 1864, he was named as Governor General of Algeria.
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raids across tribal occupied plains and distinguished himself during the
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2846:(S.S.B.M.—Rescue Society of Wounded Military), which in 1940 became the
2678:: 5 francs of France 1876, released under President Patrice de Mac Mahon
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In 1852 MacMahon organized in Algeria the plebiscite of legitimation by
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France Under the Republic: The Development of Modern France (1870–1939)
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France Under the Republic: The Development of Modern France (1870–1939)
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France under the Republic: The Development of Modern France (1870–1939)
2868:, after having written his memoirs. He was buried on 22 October at the
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heightened MacMahon's conflict with the Chamber of Deputies. After the
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French Foreign Legion Veteran Societies Federation (Légion étrangère)
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2622:, was made prisoner during the capitulation of Sedan on 1 September.
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Since 1848, MacMahon was nominated at the head of the subdivision of
2318:, this time, in 1836 where he was placed under the orders of General
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4146: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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3360:
MacMahon's line became widely quoted as an expression of defiance.
2784:
2709:
2243:, MacMahon entered the French Army in 1827. He was assigned to the
2125:
2070:
1849:
918:
696:
660:
4068:
President and Parliament: A Short History of the French Presidency
3705:
James Stone, "Bismarck and the Containment of France, 1873–1877,"
2136:
of 1688 and settled in France during the subsequent reign of King
5824:
3603:
3239:
3197:
2741:
2433:
2426:
2327:
2315:
2199:
2152:
2101:
2039:. He served as Chief of State of France from 1873 to 1875 and as
769:
461:
3937:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
2058:
revolt in May 1871 and set the stage for his political career.
3151:
3144:
2792:
2780:
2611:
2335:
2205:
253:
3532:
Biographical dictionary of French political leaders since 1870
3288:, a bullet pierced his uniform; in 1840, a bullet pierced his
2767:
In order to contain and destabilize France, German Chancellor
6455:
Disciplinary Company of the Foreign Regiments in the Far East
3289:
2788:
2462:. In March the same year he was appointed commandment of the
2363:
In May 1841, he returned again to Algeria at the head of the
2233:
2185:
2170:
2156:
2148:
1794:
3602:
Lord Messier, Knight Lord overlord of the towns, countries,
3579:
https://archive.org/details/irishpedigreesor_01ohar/page/150
2637:, the bloody week-long military campaign which defeated the
5032:
4075:
The War Scare of 1875: Bismarck and Europe in the Mid-1870s
2575:
2334:, in 1837, where he was slightly wounded. In 1840, he left
2266:. He was commended for his capacity and bravery during the
3575:
Irish Pedigrees or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation
2917:
of the Senate; and M. Malvy from the Chamber of Deputies.
5363:
2586:
In 1861 MacMahon represented France at the coronation of
2299:
Recalled to France, MacMahon participated in 1832 to the
3933:"Ritter-Orden: Königlich-ungarischer St. Stephans-Orden"
3903:
State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1881
3326:
un grand capitaine, un grand citoyen et un homme de bien
3335:
Voici la Légion ! L'affaire est dans le sac !
2522:
6591:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
6213:
Parachute Company of the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
3543:
6596:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
4034:
The Oxford Companion to Military History: Crimean War
3350:
assault by French troops against the Malakoff redoubt
3014:(argent, three leopards gules, a chief of the second
2374:
with whom he distinguished himself, in April, at the
6546:
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
3807:
2853:
Patrice de MacMahon died on 17 October 1893, at the
3898:
Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1881
3328:(a great captain, a great citizen, and a good man)"
2686:, by the royalist and conservative majority in the
2682:In May 1873, MacMahon was elected President of the
2451:, chief of the general staff of the Oran Province.
2443:In 1849, he became a Commander of the Order of the
2247:in 1830. MacMahon subsequently participated in the
6411:97th Reconnaissance Group of the Infantry Division
4087:
3978:"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro"
3895:Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1894) .
3647:Historical Dictionary of the French Third Republic
3512:
3385:Élisabeth de MacMahon (1834–1900), wife of Patrice
2574:by Emperor Napoleon III, and awarded the title of
6305:2nd Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment
6300:1st Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment
6291:4th Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
6286:3rd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
6281:2nd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
3894:
3480:Marie Louis Henry de Granet-Lacroix de Chabrières
2745:you are only seeing what's above the surface!").
6487:
4843:
3866:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p.
3099:
2414:in December 1845, he assumed the command of the
2399:MacMahon distinguished himself again during the
3303:; and finally seriously on 1 September 1870 at
2625:In 1871, he became the head of the army of the
6371:Saharan Companies of the French Foreign Legion
4127:"Marie-Edmé-Patrice-Maurice de MacMahon"
3649:. (Greenwood Press, New York, 1986) pp. 587–88
3593:(The "Irishman" Office, Dublin, 1859) pp. 5–6.
2581:
2570:For his military services, he was appointed a
1558:National Centre of Independents & Peasants
1198:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
5921:
4829:
4320:
3814:Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1889).
2546:
2004:
1248:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
6581:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
6541:French military personnel of the Crimean War
6434:Passage Company of the Foreign Legion (CPLE)
6355:23rd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
6350:22nd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
6345:21st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
3743:European Alliances and Alignments, 1871–1890
3671:
3416:Official portrait of Patrice de MacMahon by
2891:, Grand Chancellor of the Legion d'Honneur;
2644:
2601:
2206:Early military career and service in Algeria
2128:for a time. They supported the deposed King
1943:
1772:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1710:
1696:
1682:
1660:
879:
852:
815:
779:
760:
711:
687:
649:
6551:French prisoners of war in the 19th century
3696:(The Voyage to China), edition. Dentu, 1865
3544:Family History Ireland (22 February 2016).
3134:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
6248:1st Foreign Parachute Heavy Mortar Company
5928:
5914:
4836:
4822:
4327:
4313:
4151:
4123:
4001:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3880:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3591:Life of Marshal MacMahon, Duke of Magenta.
2799:of the French government's support in the
2559:MacMahon distinguished himself during the
2480:
2011:
1997:
31:
5935:
4806:Acting presidents are denoted by italics.
3112:: Honorary Grand Cross (military) of the
2926:
2844:Société de secours aux blessés militaires
2606:MacMahon led the main French army in the
2391:2nd Regiment of the French Foreign Legion
2292:. He was awarded the Knight Order of the
2120:. After losing much of their land in the
6340:Marching Regiments of Foreign Volunteers
4334:
3023:
2740:During the night of 23–24 June 1875 the
2670:
2648:
2550:
2484:
2385:On 31 December 1842, he was promoted to
2344:
2209:
193:24 June 1864 – 4 September 1870
141:1 September 1864 – 27 July 1870
6310:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion
6276:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion
6197:Communal Depot of the Foreign Regiments
4027:
4021:
3984:(in Spanish), Madrid, 1887, p. 146
3959:
3820:. Unione tipografico-editrice. p.
3252:
2764:, which were dominated by Republicans.
2708:MacMahon favoured a restoration of the
2555:Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Marchal of France
6488:
5590:Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
4154:Marie-Edmé-Patrice-Maurice de MacMahon
3817:Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia
2653:Visit of the President-Marshal to the
2614:. He was seriously wounded during the
2303:where he was noticed again during the
2214:General MacMahon (right) with General
1673:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)
67:24 May 1873 – 30 January 1879
6601:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
6576:Officers of the French Foreign Legion
5909:
4817:
4308:
4070:(University Presses of Florida. 1983)
3621:https://www.bartleby.com/344/268.html
3559:Brian Boru and The Battle of Clontarf
3292:through the rib cage; in 1857 at the
2610:where he suffered several defeats in
2112:and descended from Mahon, the son of
2030:
1953:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau
16:President of France from 1873 to 1879
6536:French senators of the Second Empire
6168:Combat Training Center at Arta Beach
6105:Foreign Legion Detachment in Mayotte
4162:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4136:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3475:Origins of the French Foreign Legion
2523:Senator and further Algerian service
356:Special Military School of Saint-Cyr
6429:Armored Train of the Foreign Legion
6130:Engineers & parachute engineers
5520:Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte d'Erlon
3617:Familiar short sayings of great men
3546:"Marshal MacMahon and the Ottomans"
2842:From 1887 to 1893, he directed the
2407:on 14 October and 17 October 1844.
2069:MacMahon was a devout conservative
1713:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire
13:
6439:5th Heavy Weight Transport Company
6315:Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion
4152:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
4053:
3730:The Struggle for Mastery in Europe
3589:Firinne, D.H. and Eugene O'Curry,
2731:French Constitutional Laws of 1875
14:
6617:
6506:19th-century presidents of France
4907:Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman
4124:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4081:
3864:Königlich Preussische Ordensliste
3837:Sveriges och Norges Statskalender
3577:, Volume 1, 1892, pages 148–150,
3276:
3242:: Grand Cordon (military) of the
2091:
1595:French Agrarian and Peasant Party
311:Marie Armand Patrice de Mac Mahon
285:Élisabeth de La Croix de Castries
6057:French Foreign Legion Music Band
5530:Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
4141:
3561:, Seán Duffy, page 100, page 273
3450:
3425:
3409:
3402:Bibliothèque nationale de France
3390:
3378:
3254:
3232:
3211:
3190:
3170:
3150:
3143:
3123:
3101:
3042:
3004:
2998:
2985:, thereon the "couronne comte" (
2975:
2969:
2946:
2940:
2754:1876 French legislative election
2748:In September 1875, he stayed at
2567:, which assured French victory.
2324:Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
1978:
1966:
623:
415:
404:
393:
375:
6511:19th-century princes of Andorra
6233:3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion
6228:2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion
6223:1st Foreign Parachute Battalion
6041:Foreign Legion Recruiting Group
4098:, Dublin: The "Irishman" Office
4009:
3970:
3953:
3925:
3888:
3852:
3840:(in Swedish), 1865, p. 428
3828:
3787:
3774:
3761:
3748:
3735:
3722:
3699:
3686:
3665:
3652:
3639:
2436:, where he was designated as a
1678:Initiative and Liberty Movement
296:
6571:French people of Irish descent
6335:12th Foreign Infantry Regiment
6330:11th Foreign Infantry Regiment
6243:3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment
6218:1st Foreign Parachute Regiment
6090:2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment
3625:
3609:
3596:
3583:
3564:
3552:
3537:
3524:
3506:
3433:Caricature of Marshal MacMahon
2365:10th Chasseur Battalion à Pied
2239:Following his graduation from
1:
6390:6th Foreign Engineer Regiment
6325:6th Foreign Infantry Regiment
6320:5th Foreign Infantry Regiment
6142:2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment
6137:1st Foreign Engineer Regiment
6095:3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
6085:2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment
5610:François Louis Alfred Durrieu
5545:Louis Juchault de Lamoricière
4297:Marie Armand Patrice MacMahon
4028:Bellamy, Christopher (2001).
3963:Almanach royal officiel: 1875
3500:
3485:François Certain de Canrobert
3458:
2924:
2837:
2737:as the government of France.
2490:
2440:on 12 June of the same year.
2354:
2219:
2169:(1754–1831), Baron of Sully,
2160:Maurice-François de Mac Mahon
482:2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment
38:
6606:Governors general of Algeria
6406:2nd Foreign Cavalry Regiment
6121:1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment
5800:Paul Albert Louis Delouvrier
5600:Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
5595:Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
5565:Nicolas Théodule Changarnier
4844:Historical rulers of Algeria
4177:Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
4110:Works by Patrice de MacMahon
3692:Eugène Labiche et Delacour,
3678:La liberté souffre violence,
3284:four times: in 1837, at the
2997:
2968:
2939:
2824:General Gaëtan de Rochebouët
2694:on 24 May 1873. He replaced
2086:
1640:Union for a Popular Movement
1288:The Future of Intelligentsia
7:
6190:Administrative and training
5510:Anne Jean Marie René Savary
4942:Abd er Rahman I bin Abu Muh
4184:Governor-General of Algeria
4036:. Oxford University Press.
3707:Canadian Journal of History
3468:
2582:Governor General of Algeria
2473:, before being promoted to
2447:, and served under General
2416:41st Line Infantry Regiment
2326:. He led several audacious
2257:20th Line Infantry Regiment
2124:of 1652, a branch moved to
2104:origin. They were Lords of
2079:, but refused to meet with
129:Governor-General of Algeria
10:
6622:
6516:People from Saône-et-Loire
6238:Foreign Air Supply Company
6008:General Staff Headquarters
3870:– via hathitrust.org
3371:
3267:Order of the Golden Fleece
3035:
2996:
2967:
2964:passant regardant) gules.
2938:
2667:, nº 1.153, 28 April 1877)
2547:Magenta: Marshal of France
2460:French coup d'état of 1851
2378:and against the troops of
2342:(cavalry squadron chief).
2283:battle of Mouzaïa mountain
2249:French conquest of Algeria
2032:[patʁisdəmakma.ɔ̃]
1578:VIA, the Way of the People
1318:The Tears of the White Man
1208:The Genius of Christianity
6463:
6447:
6420:Transport (armored trains
6419:
6398:
6379:
6363:
6256:
6205:
6189:
6180:
6150:
6129:
6113:
6065:
6049:
6023:
6007:
5998:
5943:
5818:
5735:Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
5575:Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul
5478:
5362:
5319:Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
5015:
4849:
4804:
4673:
4625:
4373:
4342:
4293:
4284:
4279:
4272:
4262:
4245:
4237:
4232:
4222:
4213:
4205:
4200:
4190:
4181:
4173:
4168:
3310:
2983:Arms of House de MacMahon
2954:Arms of House de MacMahon
2927:
2645:President of the Republic
2602:War and the Paris Commune
2349:Portrait of MacMahon, by
2314:in 1833, and returned to
2122:Cromwellian confiscations
1699:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
596:
515:
471:
445:
437:
427:
388:
383:
371:
361:
351:
341:
306:
278:
263:
239:
216:
211:
207:
197:
186:
179:
167:
155:
145:
134:
127:
115:
103:
71:
60:
52:
48:
30:
23:
5725:Jules-Gaston Henri Carde
5329:Hadji Ahmed ben al-Hadji
4727:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
4353:Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
4095:Life of Marshal MacMahon
3848:– via runeberg.org
3756:Diplomacy and Statecraft
3716:14 December 2014 at the
3530:David Bell, et al. eds.
3495:François Achille Bazaine
3181:Order of the Black Eagle
2876:and a religious mass at
2733:, which established the
2727:Henri, Count of Chambord
2458:destined to approve the
2401:battle of Chaab el-Gitta
1775:Service d'Action Civique
1188:Considerations on France
751:Catholic social teaching
605:This article is part of
82:Ernest Courtot de Cissey
5750:Marcel-Edmond Peyrouton
4947:Said I bin Abu Tashufin
3860:"Schwarzer Adler-orden"
3745:(2nd ed. 1950) pp 44–55
3709:(1994) 29#2 pp 281–304
3619:. Ticknor and Company.
3012:Arms of Duke of Magenta
2920:
2820:elections of 14 October
2481:Crimean War, Sevastopol
1973:Conservatism portal
1763:Independent Republicans
1610:Independent Republicans
1308:Violence and the Sacred
1228:St Petersburg Dialogues
501:Army of the Rhin (1870)
6586:French Roman Catholics
6448:Disciplinary companies
6163:Jungle Training Center
6024:Command Administrative
6015:Foreign Legion Command
5765:Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
5640:Louis Henri de Gueydon
5560:Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
5176:Muhammad II the eunuch
4258:Josep Caixal i Estradé
3982:Guía Oficial de España
3795:The Knights of England
3758:(2006)17#4 pp 693–714.
3672:
3354:"J'y suis. J'y reste!"
3330:
3318:
3223:Order of Saint Stephen
3032:
2900:Ministère de la Marine
2679:
2668:
2556:
2516:
2496:
2376:Battle of Bab el-Thaza
2360:
2225:
2114:Muirchertach Ua Briain
1944:
1773:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1711:
1697:
1683:
1670:Carrefour de l'Horloge
1661:
1625:Rally for the Republic
1553:Future with Confidence
880:
853:
816:
780:
761:
712:
688:
650:
616:Conservatism in France
5937:French Foreign Legion
5865:Abdelmalek Benhabyles
5615:Jean Walsin-Esterhazy
5550:Marie Alphonse Bedeau
5540:Thomas Robert Bugeaud
5535:Sylvain Charles Valée
5007:Al Hassan ben Abu Muh
4159:Catholic Encyclopedia
4133:Catholic Encyclopedia
3520:. Perrin. p. 17.
3322:
3314:
3221:: Grand Cross of the
3202:Order of the Elephant
3161:Order of the Seraphim
3027:
2735:French Third Republic
2684:French Third Republic
2674:
2652:
2633:, and in May led the
2627:French Third Republic
2554:
2488:
2348:
2213:
2028:French pronunciation:
1934:Immigrant criminality
1914:Clerical philosophers
1630:Republican Federation
1298:The Reign of Quantity
989:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
904:Thermidorian Reaction
862:Traditional authority
666:Political Catholicism
438:Years of service
321:Emmanuel de Mac Mahon
230:Sully, Saône-et-Loire
6364:Saharan Legion units
6158:4th Foreign Regiment
6080:4th Foreign Regiment
6075:1st Foreign Regiment
6036:4th Foreign Regiment
6031:1st Foreign Regiment
5895:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
5885:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
5620:Henri-Gabriel Didier
5585:Jacques Louis Randon
5495:Louis-Auguste-Victor
5249:Mahmud Bursali Pacha
5038:Hayreddin Barbarossa
4867:Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan
4336:Presidents of France
4248:Co-Prince of Andorra
3793:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
3673:Élisabeth de Miribel
3645:Hutton, Patrick H.,
3615:Bent, S. A. (1887).
3400:de MacMahon (1860s,
3286:Siege of Constantine
2699:Jules Armand Dufaure
2517:J'y suis, j'y reste!
2464:Constantine Division
2405:battle of Aïn Kebira
2332:Siege of Constantine
2245:4th Hussars Regiment
2230:Lycée Louis-le-Grand
2118:High King of Ireland
1924:French–German enmity
1328:The Tyranny of Guilt
1238:Democracy in America
941:Second French Empire
690:Révolution nationale
528:Siege of Constantine
422:Second French Empire
181:Member of the Senate
162:Édmond de Martimprey
98:Gaëtan de Rochebouët
90:Jules Armand Dufaure
37:The duc de Magenta,
6422:& heavy weight)
5890:Abdelkader Bensalah
5825:Republic of Algeria
5745:Yves-Charles Chatel
5605:Patrice de MacMahon
5465:Muhammad VI ben Ali
5141:Mami Muhammad Pasha
4744:François Mitterrand
4554:Alexandre Millerand
4452:Jean Casimir-Perier
4401:Patrice de MacMahon
4216:President of France
4194:Louis, Baron Durieu
4169:Government offices
3741:William L. Langer,
3342:Siege of Sevastopol
3294:battle of Icheriden
3130:Kingdom of Sardinia
2913:, Minister of War;
2870:Hôtel des Invalides
2855:Château de la Forêt
2715:Chamber of Deputies
2608:Franco-Prussian War
2509:Siege of Sevastopol
2475:Général de division
2322:, and then General
2151:, Burgundy, at the
2134:Glorious Revolution
2043:from 1875 to 1879.
2041:President of France
1829:La Nation française
1605:Movement for France
1600:French Social Party
1420:Political positions
1410:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
1039:Fustel de Coulanges
931:Bourbon Restoration
926:Second White Terror
671:Christian democracy
568:Franco-Prussian War
552:Franco-Austrian War
521:Conquest of Algeria
400:Bourbon Restoration
316:Eugene de Mac Mahon
268:Miscellaneous right
55:President of France
25:The Duke of Magenta
6531:French monarchists
6521:Marshals of France
6263:marching regiments
6068:parachute infantry
5835:Abderrahmane Farès
5700:Jean-Baptiste Abel
5675:Édouard Laferrière
5630:Romuald Vuillermoz
5450:Mohammed Khaznadji
5191:Köse Mustafa Pacha
5156:Hadji Shaban Pasha
5023:Regency of Algiers
4892:Abu Said Uthman II
4857:Kingdom of Tlemcen
4254:Served alongside:
4201:Political offices
3694:Le Voyage en Chine
3680:Plon, p. 31.
3534:(1990) pp 257-258.
3514:Gabriel de Broglie
3490:Jean-Luc Carbuccia
3348:, MacMahon led an
3177:Kingdom of Prussia
3089:Médaille militaire
3033:
2989:of a count of the
2777:16 May 1877 crisis
2680:
2669:
2664:L'Univers illustré
2629:, under President
2557:
2505:Battle of Malakoff
2497:
2489:Général MacMahon,
2456:universal suffrage
2438:général de brigade
2387:lieutenant-colonel
2361:
2301:Ten Days' Campaign
2268:seizure of Algiers
2226:
2175:Pierre-Paul Riquet
2142:Louis XV of France
1919:European New Right
1843:Le Figaro Magazine
1808:Famille chrétienne
1685:La Manif pour tous
1338:The French Suicide
964:Barbey d'Aurevilly
914:Companions of Jehu
909:First White Terror
756:Counter-revolution
640:French nationalism
544:Battle of Malakoff
505:Commander-in-Chief
458:Lieutenant colonel
337:Countess de Pinnes
333:Marie de Mac Mahon
6526:French marquesses
6483:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6271:Mounted companies
6176:
6175:
6100:13th Demi-Brigade
5903:
5902:
5850:Houari Boumédiène
5810:Christian Fouchet
5775:Jacques Soustelle
5715:Maurice Viollette
5625:Charles de Bouzet
5580:Aimable Pélissier
5505:Pierre Berthezène
5370:Deylik of Algiers
5221:Mustafa III Pasha
5201:Mustapha IV Pasha
5181:Mustapha II Pasha
5166:Daly Hassan Pasha
5103:Ahmad Pasha Qabia
5078:Mehmed Tekkelerli
5073:Muhammad Kurdogli
5017:Ottoman governors
4962:Abu Abbas Ahmad I
4902:Abu Hammu II Musa
4872:Abu Said Uthman I
4811:
4810:
4781:François Hollande
4684:Charles de Gaulle
4303:
4302:
4294:Succeeded by
4263:Succeeded by
4252:1873–1879
4223:Succeeded by
4191:Succeeded by
4073:Wawro, Geoffrey.
4066:Derfler, Leslie.
4063:(1940) pp 127–43.
3784:(1996), pp 440–42
3782:France: 1814–1914
3771:(1940) pp 127–43.
3636:, 4 January 1937)
3437:Théobald Chartran
3248:19 September 1874
3114:Order of the Bath
3070:; Grand Officer,
3022:
3021:
2956:: "Argent, three
2769:Otto von Bismarck
2703:Albert de Broglie
2688:National Assembly
2659:Empress of Brazil
2635:Semaine Sanglante
2572:Marshal of France
2565:Battle of Magenta
2449:Aimable Pélissier
2064:Count of Chambord
2037:Marshal of France
2021:
2020:
1985:France portal
1929:French Revolution
1888:Valeurs actuelles
1395:de La Tour du Pin
1268:What Is a Nation?
899:War in the Vendée
600:
599:
560:Battle of Magenta
466:Marshal of France
78:Albert de Broglie
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6295:Garibaldi Legion
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5760:Yves Chataigneau
5525:Bertrand Clauzel
5515:Théophile Voirol
5500:Bertrand Clauzel
5309:Hadj Mohamed Dey
5269:Buzenak-Muhammad
5211:Kassan Kaid Koça
5146:Dali Ahmed Pasha
5131:Hassan Veneziano
5121:Arab Ahmed Pasha
5093:Hasan Khüsro Aga
4972:Abu Tashufin III
4967:Abu Abdallah III
4922:Abul Hadjdjadj I
4838:
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4702:Georges Pompidou
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4166:
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4106:
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4088:Firinne, D. H.;
4048:
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3732:(1955) pp 225–27
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3200:: Knight of the
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3179:: Knight of the
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3159:: Knight of the
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3056:Legion of Honour
3047:
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2904:Julien Loizillon
2890:
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2848:French Red Cross
2561:Italian Campaign
2539:against Emperor
2495:
2492:
2472:
2445:Legion d'honneur
2425:, garrisoned at
2424:
2373:
2359:
2356:
2320:Bertrand Clausel
2305:Siege of Antwerp
2294:Legion d'honneur
2291:
2280:
2272:Medea expedition
2265:
2224:
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2216:Jean-Louis Borel
2168:
2034:
2029:
2013:
2006:
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1983:
1982:
1981:
1971:
1970:
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1949:
1881:Radio Courtoisie
1862:
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1732:
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1688:
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1663:Action Française
1635:Resistance Party
1620:Rally for France
1548:The Nationalists
1538:Debout la France
1385:de Chateaubriand
1353:
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1193:
1019:de Chateaubriand
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843:Social hierarchy
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5870:Mohamed Boudiaf
5845:Ahmed Ben Bella
5827:
5823:
5814:
5780:Georges Catroux
5755:Georges Catroux
5730:Georges le Beau
5690:Maurice Varnier
5680:Charles Jonnart
5555:Henri d'Orleans
5487:
5482:
5474:
5395:Mohammed Arslan
5372:
5367:
5358:
5349:Mohamed Bektach
5259:Yusuf III Pasha
5206:Soliman Katanya
5098:Ahmed Bostandji
5033:Aruj Barbarossa
5025:
5020:
5011:
4997:Abu Abdallah VI
4977:Abu Abdallah IV
4957:Abu Abdallah II
4912:Abu Tashufin II
4859:
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4851:Zayyanid rulers
4845:
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4771:Nicolas Sarkozy
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4054:Further reading
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3728:A.J.P. Taylor,
3727:
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3718:Wayback Machine
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2380:Emir Abdelkader
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2253:sous-lieutenant
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2098:MacMahon family
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2048:Battle of Sedan
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1738:Cercle Proudhon
1729:Camelots du Roi
1706:Student Cockade
1672:
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1568:The Republicans
1533:Alliance Royale
1525:
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875:
867:
866:
782:Noblesse oblige
741:
733:
732:
652:Nouvelle Droite
635:
615:
582:Battle of Sedan
576:Battle of Wörth
509:Army of Châlons
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5828:(1962–present)
5816:
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5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5785:Robert Lacoste
5782:
5777:
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5705:Théodore Steeg
5702:
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5695:Charles Lutaud
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5642:
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5485:French Algeria
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5336:
5334:Hassan Chaouch
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
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5306:
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5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5274:Ahmed II Pasha
5271:
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5239:Yusuf II Pasha
5236:
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5161:Mustapha Pasha
5158:
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5058:Khalifa Saffah
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5002:Abu Zayyan III
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4982:Abu Abdallah V
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4937:Abu Abdallah I
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4887:Abu Tashufin I
4884:
4879:
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4861:
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4778:
4768:
4761:Jacques Chirac
4758:
4741:
4724:
4716:
4699:
4691:
4680:
4678:
4677:(1958–present)
4675:Fifth Republic
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4650:
4636:Vincent Auriol
4632:
4630:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4602:
4585:
4568:
4551:
4537:Paul Deschanel
4534:
4517:
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4483:
4466:
4449:
4432:
4415:
4398:
4384:Adolphe Thiers
4380:
4378:
4375:Third Republic
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4349:
4347:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4292:
4287:Duc de Magenta
4283:
4277:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4261:
4244:
4241:Adolphe Thiers
4239:
4235:
4234:
4233:Regnal titles
4230:
4229:
4224:
4221:
4212:
4209:Adolphe Thiers
4207:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4189:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4139:
4138:
4121:
4116:
4107:
4083:
4082:External links
4080:
4079:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4030:Richard Holmes
4020:
4017:Porch, Douglas
4008:
3969:
3952:
3924:
3919:da:DIS Danmark
3887:
3851:
3827:
3806:
3786:
3780:Robert Tombs,
3773:
3760:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3698:
3685:
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3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462: 1880-90
3456:
3449:
3447:
3431:
3424:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3406:
3396:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3366:Bertie Wooster
3358:
3357:
3338:
3312:
3309:
3278:
3277:Battle honours
3275:
3274:
3273:
3250:
3229:
3208:
3187:
3167:
3165:26 August 1861
3140:
3120:
3118:3 January 1856
3109:United Kingdom
3097:
3096:
3095:
3086:
3054:Knight of the
3037:
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3019:
3009:
2995:
2994:
2980:
2966:
2965:
2951:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2922:
2919:
2915:Charles Merlin
2896:Henri Rieunier
2882:Victor Février
2839:
2836:
2805:ultramontanism
2801:Roman question
2696:Prime Minister
2692:Adolphe Thiers
2646:
2643:
2631:Adolphe Thiers
2603:
2600:
2583:
2580:
2548:
2545:
2524:
2521:
2494: 1865-70
2482:
2479:
2207:
2204:
2196:Saône-et-Loire
2106:Corcu Baiscind
2093:
2092:Family origins
2090:
2088:
2085:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1908:Archeofuturism
1903:
1901:Related topics
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1874:Nouvelle École
1870:
1863:
1853:
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1692:March for Life
1689:
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1654:
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1650:
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1637:
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1615:Party of Order
1612:
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1159:de Tocqueville
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801:French culture
798:
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791:Ethnopluralism
788:
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748:
746:Anti-communism
742:
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681:Ultramontanism
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428:Branch/service
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247:(aged 85)
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107:
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73:Prime Minister
69:
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58:
57:
50:
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36:
28:
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24:
15:
9:
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5908:
5896:
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5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
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5826:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5770:Roger Léonard
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5720:Pierre Bordes
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
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5678:
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5608:
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5508:
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5503:
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5493:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
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5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
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5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5344:Hussein Kodja
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5324:Ahmed Sharban
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:Ibrahim Pasha
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5254:Ahmed I Pasha
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:Hassan Khodja
5232:
5229:
5227:
5226:Khüsrev Pacha
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5171:Soliman Pasha
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Uluç Ali Reis
5111:
5109:
5108:Muhamad Pasha
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5083:Yusuf I Pasha
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
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5036:
5034:
5031:
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5028:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:Abu Hammu III
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:Abu Zayyan II
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Abu Thabid II
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
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4779:
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4759:
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4749:
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4742:
4737:
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4707:
4703:
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4697:
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4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4605:Albert Lebrun
4603:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4555:
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4363:
4358:
4354:
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4348:
4345:
4341:
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4330:
4325:
4323:
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4311:
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4307:
4298:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4242:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4148:public domain
4135:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4059:Brogan, D.W.
4058:
4057:
4045:
4043:0-19-866209-2
4039:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4004:
3998:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3966:. p. 55.
3965:
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3823:
3819:
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3804:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3770:
3767:D.W. Brogan,
3764:
3757:
3751:
3744:
3738:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3695:
3689:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3661:
3658:D.W. Brogan,
3655:
3648:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3605:
3599:
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3419:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3388:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3364:'s character
3363:
3355:
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3347:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
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3321:
3317:
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3272:
3268:
3263:
3251:
3249:
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3241:
3230:
3228:
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3220:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:Sweden-Norway
3153:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3138:5 August 1859
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3066:; Commander,
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:French Empire
3040:
3039:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2992:
2991:Ancien Régime
2988:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2918:
2916:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2874:state funeral
2871:
2867:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2813:Léon Gambetta
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:Jules Dufaure
2755:
2751:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2642:
2640:
2639:Paris Commune
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:Felice Orsini
2534:
2533:Kabyle people
2530:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2487:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2465:
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2457:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2410:Nominated to
2408:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2382:, on 25 May.
2381:
2377:
2371:
2366:
2352:
2351:Horace Vernet
2347:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2284:
2281:, during the
2278:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2217:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2056:Paris Commune
2053:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1815:L'Écho du Sud
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1771:
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1752:
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1687:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:Organisations
1649:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
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1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Soyons libres
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:French Future
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
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1498:
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1468:
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1421:
1418:
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1413:
1411:
1408:
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1401:
1398:
1396:
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1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1360:
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1329:
1325:
1320:
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1315:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1300:
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1289:
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1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
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1249:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1185:
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1177:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
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1140:
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1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:de La Mennais
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
958:Intellectuals
955:
954:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
884:
883:
882:Ancien Régime
878:
877:
871:
870:
863:
860:
857:
856:
855:Souverainisme
851:
849:
846:
844:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
820:
819:
814:
813:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:Family values
794:
792:
789:
784:
783:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
765:
764:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
737:
736:
729:
726:
722:
719:
716:
715:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
698:
695:
692:
691:
686:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
662:
659:
654:
653:
648:
646:
643:
642:
641:
638:
637:
631:
630:
626:
622:
621:
618:
613:
612:
608:
604:
603:
595:
591:
590:
589:Paris Commune
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
572:
570:
569:
561:
558:
557:
556:
554:
553:
545:
542:
541:
540:
538:
537:
529:
526:
525:
523:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
491:
487:
483:
477:
474:
470:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
430:
426:
423:
418:
412:
411:July Monarchy
407:
401:
396:
391:
387:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
364:
360:
357:
354:
350:
347:
344:
340:
327:
322:
312:
309:
305:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
242:
238:
235:
231:
219:
215:
210:
206:
202:
196:
190:
185:
182:
178:
175:
174:Louis Durrieu
172:
166:
163:
160:
154:
151:
148:
144:
138:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
114:
111:
108:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
70:
64:
59:
56:
51:
47:
34:
29:
22:
19:
6471:31st Brigade
5840:Ferhat Abbas
5790:André Mutter
5710:Henri Dubief
5670:Louis Lépine
5665:Auguste Loze
5660:Jules Cambon
5655:Louis Tirman
5650:Albert Grévy
5604:
5570:Viala Charon
5385:Muhammad III
5354:Deli Ibrahim
5284:Ismail Pasha
5186:Rizvan Pasha
5136:Djafar Pasha
5126:Ramdan Pasha
5117:Mehmet Pasha
5088:Yahyia Pasha
4897:Abu Thabid I
4877:Abu Zayyan I
4795:2017–present
4718:
4693:
4486:Émile Loubet
4400:
4285:
4280:
4255:
4246:
4214:
4182:
4157:
4140:
4131:
4114:Open Library
4100:, retrieved
4094:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4033:
4023:
4016:
4011:
3986:, retrieved
3981:
3972:
3962:
3955:
3944:, retrieved
3936:
3927:
3917:– via
3911:. Retrieved
3902:
3897:
3890:
3863:
3854:
3842:, retrieved
3836:
3830:
3816:
3809:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3768:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3706:
3701:
3693:
3688:
3677:
3667:
3659:
3654:
3646:
3641:
3633:
3627:
3616:
3611:
3598:
3590:
3585:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3441:
3432:
3418:Pierre Petit
3359:
3353:
3334:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3280:
3271:1 March 1875
3270:
3247:
3226:
3205:
3184:
3164:
3137:
3117:
3092:
3083:
3080:Grand Master
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3011:
2982:
2953:
2933:
2928:
2878:La Madeleine
2852:
2843:
2841:
2828:
2817:
2795:had assured
2774:
2766:
2747:
2739:
2719:
2707:
2681:
2662:
2661:, in Paris (
2624:
2605:
2592:
2585:
2578:of Magenta.
2569:
2558:
2541:Napoleon III
2526:
2498:
2453:
2442:
2431:
2409:
2398:
2384:
2362:
2310:He became a
2309:
2298:
2238:
2227:
2189:
2179:
2146:
2095:
2074:
2068:
2060:
2052:Napoleon III
2045:
2023:
2022:
1906:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1756:Croix-de-Feu
1720:
1719:
1655:
1583:
1582:
1527:
1487:de La Rocque
1436:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1186:
946:Vichy France
848:Social order
827:Metapolitics
818:Restauration
714:Maurrassisme
587:
571:(1870–1871)
566:
565:
550:
549:
539:(1853–1856)
534:
533:
524:(1827–1857)
519:
516:Battles/wars
497:I Army Corps
245:(1893-10-17)
227:13 June 1808
203:Napoleon III
199:Nominated by
188:
169:Succeeded by
150:Napoleon III
136:
117:Succeeded by
86:Louis Buffet
62:
18:
6501:1893 deaths
6496:1808 births
5855:Rabah Bitat
5795:Raoul Salan
5685:Paul Révoil
5488:(1830–1962)
5470:Hussein Dey
5430:Mustapha II
5425:Sidi Hassan
5410:Muhammad IV
5400:Ibrahim III
5373:(1710–1830)
5314:Baba Hassan
5294:Ramadan Aga
5264:Murad Pasha
5244:Ali Bitchin
5230:Murat Pasha
5216:Hizir Pasha
5151:Hızır Pasha
5068:Hasan Corso
5053:Hasan Pasha
5048:Hadji Pasha
5026:(1517–1710)
4952:Abu Malek I
4882:Abu Hammu I
4860:(1235–1556)
4751: [
4734: [
4720:Alain Poher
4709: [
4695:Alain Poher
4660: [
4643: [
4629:(1947–1958)
4612: [
4595: [
4588:Paul Doumer
4578: [
4561: [
4544: [
4527: [
4510: [
4493: [
4476: [
4469:Félix Faure
4459: [
4442: [
4435:Sadi Carnot
4425: [
4418:Jules Grévy
4408: [
4391: [
4377:(1870–1940)
4360: [
4346:(1848–1852)
4266:Jules Grévy
4226:Jules Grévy
3682:(in French)
3662:(1940) p 97
3571:John O'Hart
3442:Vanity Fair
3346:Crimean War
3340:During the
3297: [
3062:; Officer,
2907: [
2885: [
2866:Montcresson
2858: [
2762:Jules Simon
2676:Silver coin
2507:during the
2501:Crimean War
2499:During the
2477:, in July.
2467: [
2419: [
2368: [
2358: 1860
2286: [
2275: [
2260: [
2223: 1856
2191:département
2163: [
2138:William III
2076:coup d'état
1946:Sinistrisme
1939:Remigration
1502:de Vaublanc
1472:de Polignac
1380:Cathelineau
1364:Politicians
1064:de Jouvenel
1059:Houellebecq
1054:de Gobineau
889:Monarchiens
806:Imperialism
775:Meritocracy
702:Bonapartism
676:Integralism
536:Crimean War
493:(1843–1845)
479:Lt. colonel
476:French Army
432:French Army
335:(1863–1954)
331:(1859–1930)
324: [
318:(1857–1907)
314:(1855–1927)
250:Montcresson
157:Preceded by
122:Jules Grévy
105:Preceded by
94:Jules Simon
42: 1890
6490:Categories
6050:Music band
5820:Presidents
5805:Jean Morin
5420:Muhammad V
5405:Ibrahim IV
5390:Abdy Pasha
5299:Shaban Aga
5289:Khalil Aga
5063:Salah Rais
5043:Hasan Agha
4992:Abu Muh II
4291:1859–1893
4220:1873–1879
4188:1864–1870
3801:, London,
3634:Paris soir
3501:References
3457:MacMahon,
3206:4 May 1869
2902:; Général
2838:Last years
2723:Legitimist
2701:with Duke
1590:Feuillants
1563:Reconquête
1507:de Villèle
1482:Retailleau
1348:Submission
1181:Literature
1144:de Rivarol
1129:Peyrefitte
1124:d'Ornellas
1099:de Maistre
1009:Brunetière
984:de Benoist
837:Patriotism
811:Monarchism
740:Principles
707:Legitimism
634:Ideologies
495:Commander
454:Commandant
389:Allegiance
362:Profession
272:Legitimist
223:1808-06-13
6206:Parachute
5990:Unit list
5480:Governors
5455:Omar Agha
4932:Abu Muh I
4785:2012–2017
4775:2007–2012
4765:1995–2007
4748:1981–1995
4731:1974–1981
4723:(interim)
4706:1969–1974
4698:(interim)
4688:1959–1969
4657:1954–1959
4653:René Coty
4640:1947–1954
4609:1932–1940
4592:1931–1932
4575:1924–1931
4558:1920–1924
4524:1913–1920
4507:1906–1913
4490:1899–1906
4473:1895–1899
4456:1894–1895
4439:1887–1894
4422:1879–1887
4405:1873–1879
4388:1871–1873
4357:1848–1851
4281:New title
3946:30 August
3913:30 August
3844:22 August
3518:Mac Mahon
2588:William I
2394:2 R.E.L.E
2241:Saint-Cyr
2188:, in the
2087:Biography
1861:(Defunct)
1836:Le Figaro
1400:de Gaulle
1375:de Bonald
1278:The Crowd
1119:d'Orcival
994:de Bonald
969:Bainville
919:Muscadins
894:Feuillant
763:Dirigisme
728:Sarkozysm
721:Orléanism
486:2 R.E.L.E
441:1827–1873
372:Signature
352:Education
342:Relatives
189:In office
137:In office
63:In office
6464:Brigades
6381:Pioneers
6258:Infantry
6151:Training
5980:Pioneers
5958:Magazine
5875:Ali Kafi
5435:Ahmed II
5196:Hasan IV
4102:9 August
4092:(1859),
3997:citation
3988:21 March
3876:citation
3714:Archived
3516:(2000).
3469:See also
3031:MacMahon
2958:leopards
2872:after a
2785:Poitiers
2710:monarchy
2403:and the
2218:(left),
2130:James II
2126:Limerick
2081:Gambetta
2071:Catholic
1850:Le Point
1822:La Croix
1801:Éléments
1768:Hussards
1477:Pompidou
1462:Poincaré
1452:Pécresse
1442:Maréchal
1437:MacMahon
1218:The Pope
1164:Veuillot
1084:Lemaître
1079:Lefebvre
1004:Bruckner
832:Nativism
697:Royalism
661:Gaullism
645:Integral
607:a series
307:Children
6399:Cavalry
6181:Defunct
6114:Cavalry
5999:Current
5953:Origins
5948:History
5822:of the
5440:Ali III
5304:Ali Aga
4150::
4077:(2012).
4032:(ed.).
3604:castles
3398:Marshal
3372:Gallery
3344:in the
3282:Wounded
3240:Belgium
3198:Denmark
3036:Honours
3029:Marshal
2893:Admiral
2797:Pius IX
2781:bishops
2742:Garonne
2655:Emperor
2620:Emperor
2596:Olivier
2529:Senator
2434:Tlemcen
2412:colonel
2389:at the
2328:cavalry
2316:Algeria
2312:captain
2255:in the
2200:Marquis
2153:Chateau
2132:in the
2110:Ireland
1857:Présent
1747:Civitas
1721:Defunct
1584:Defunct
1524:Parties
1512:Zemmour
1497:Schuman
1492:Sarkozy
1467:Poisson
1447:Messmer
1432:Malraux
1427:Maurras
1370:Bellamy
1114:Maurras
1094:Madiran
1089:Le Play
1044:Dumézil
999:Boutang
979:Barruel
874:History
770:Elitism
555:(1859)
462:General
450:Captain
301:
293:
289:
146:Monarch
5968:Museum
5445:Ali IV
5415:Ali II
4040:
3905:]
3803:p. 192
3711:online
3445:(1879)
3420:(1873)
3311:Quotes
3259:
3237:
3216:
3195:
3106:
2934:Blazon
2929:Figure
2809:Senate
2793:Nevers
2750:Vernon
2612:Alsace
2513:French
2427:Marnia
2336:Africa
2100:is of
1867:Minute
1656:Active
1528:Active
1457:Pétain
1390:Ciotti
1352:(2015)
1342:(2014)
1332:(2006)
1322:(1983)
1312:(1972)
1302:(1945)
1292:(1905)
1282:(1895)
1272:(1882)
1262:(1864)
1252:(1855)
1242:(1835)
1232:(1821)
1222:(1819)
1212:(1802)
1202:(1797)
1192:(1796)
1109:Massis
1074:Le Bon
1049:Guénon
1034:Freund
1024:Daudet
1014:Carrel
974:Barrès
841:
592:(1871)
584:(1870)
578:(1870)
562:(1859)
546:(1855)
530:(1837)
511:(1870)
279:Spouse
258:France
254:Loiret
234:France
6260:&
6183:units
6001:units
5963:Motto
5460:Ali V
5380:Ali I
4755:]
4738:]
4713:]
4664:]
4647:]
4616:]
4599:]
4582:]
4565:]
4548:]
4531:]
4514:]
4497:]
4480:]
4463:]
4446:]
4429:]
4412:]
4395:]
4364:]
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