40:
190:, as various earls or bishops were granted palatine ("from the palace") powers, i.e. powers of a sort elsewhere exercised by the king. In some places this may have been in part a defensive measure, enabling local authorities to organise the defence of vulnerable frontier areas at their own discretion, avoiding the delays involved in seeking decisions from the court and removing obstructions to the coordinated direction of local resources at the discretion of a single official. However, palatine powers were also granted over areas such as the
615:
198:
260:
158:
In general, when a palatine-type autonomy was granted to a lord by the sovereign, it was in a district on the periphery of the kingdom, at a time when the district was at risk from disloyal armed insurgents who could retreat beyond the borders and re-enter. For the
English sovereign in Norman times,
294:, continuing even today to be separately administered for the monarch as Duke of Lancaster. The rights exercised through the Duchy, rather than the Crown, included its palatine powers over Lancashire, the last of which were revoked only in 1873. In the county palatine of Lancaster, the
343:, a title dating back to pre-feudal Roman times and originally referring to a non-hereditary court official entrusted with judicial duties. In the medieval era these offices became hereditary and associated with feudal rulers, the most prominent and long-lasting being the
310:
442:
has usually been merged with the crown in subsequent centuries and there is little indication that the status of
Strathearn differed in practice from other Scottish earldoms.
256:
was particularly enduring: Durham did not gain parliamentary representation until 1654, while the bishops of Durham retained their temporal jurisdiction until 1836.
137:, held from the king, which possessed no such independent authority. Rulers of counties palatine created their own feudal baronies, to be held directly from them
301:
The king's writs did not run in these three palatine counties until the nineteenth century and, until the 1970s, Lancashire and Durham had their own courts of
306:
324:
There are two kings in
England, namely, the lord king of England wearing a crown and the lord bishop of Durham wearing a mitre in place of a crown ...
404:, which is similar to, but not strictly the same as, a Palatine Lord. Nevertheless, a number of strictly Palatine jurisdictions were created in Wales.
278:
in 1351, at the same time as his promotion from the status of earl. This was only the second dukedom created in
England, following that of
636:
627:
230:
651:
846:
458:
424:
167:. As the authority granted was hereditary, some counties palatine legally survived well past the end of the feudal period.
914:
862:
The Rights and
Jurisdiction of the County Palatine of Chester, the Earls Palatine, the Chamberlain, and Other Officers
282:
in 1337, which also became associated with palatine powers. The dukedom was united with the Crown on the accession of
133:
yet had the power to rule the county largely independently of the king. It should therefore be distinguished from the
768:
379:
248:, who during the aftermath of the Norman conquest had been put in charge of secular administration in what became
17:
316:
The appeal against a decision of the county court of a county palatine had, in the first instance, to be to the
238:
130:
904:
263:
498:
344:
210:
31:
542:"Palatine" is an adjective used in conjunction with the noun county; "Palatinate" is a noun used alone (
544:
187:
70:
was an area ruled by a hereditary nobleman enjoying special authority and autonomy from the rest of a
253:
202:
181:
713:
237:). Chester had its own parliament, consisting of barons of the county, and was not represented in
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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This article is about the palatine counties of
England and Ireland. For other uses, see
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was identified as a county palatine in the fourteenth century, although the title of
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731:
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720:. Court of King's Bench. Vol. III. 1825. p. 220 – via Google Books.
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420:
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222:
144:
798:
Fraser, C. M. (1956). "Edward I of
England and the Regalian Franchise of Durham".
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367:
340:
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which are situated within
Counties Palatine from his lists of feudal baronies.
485:—sometimes similar to a palatine lord, but this term was not in use in Britain
147:. County palatine jurisdictions were created in England under the rule of the
898:
640:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 595–596.
631:
621:
394:
249:
226:
668:
The trusted source on
British social skills, etiquette, and style-Debrett's
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401:
291:
206:
103:
201:
Plaque commemorating the former site of the exchequer and chancery of the
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241:
until 1543, while it retained some of its special privileges until 1830.
191:
350:
At various times in history, the following areas had palatinate status:
259:
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435:
400:
In the history of Wales in the Norman era, the term most often used is
351:
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43:
389:
many of the rights associated with palatinates were conferred on the
139:
813:
197:
523:
476:
454:
431:
386:
218:
71:
423:. The latter continued in existence until it was abolished by the
841:. London: University of London Institute of Historical Research.
408:
164:
59:
51:
583:
English
Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086–1327
311:
Court of Chancery of the County Palatine of Durham and Sadberge
99:
87:
27:
Area with special autonomy from the rest of a kingdom or empire
371:
160:
111:
75:
55:
186:
Palatinates emerged in England in the decades following the
355:
339:
Outside England, a county palatine was the land ruled by a
252:. The autonomous power exercised by these bishops over the
119:
107:
839:
The Victoria history of the county of Cheshire. Volume II
585:, Oxford, 1960. Sanders excludes "Lordships" such as the
229:
to the throne (apart from a brief tenure in 1264–1265 by
385:
Although not formally categorised as a palatinate, in
307:
Court of Chancery of the County Palatine of Lancaster
225:, a title which has since 1254 been reserved for the
479:—very similar to a palatine lord in the Middle Ages.
473:—very similar to a palatine lord in the Middle Ages.
266:of the County Palatine of Lancaster within England
393:, a title created in 1337 and always held by the
175:
896:
233:, who had seized control of the government from
46:'s map of the County Palatine of Lancaster 1610
797:
411:of which the most notable were those of the
244:Exceptional powers were also granted to the
808:(2). Medieval Academy of America: 329–342.
558:Collins Dictionary of the English Language
334:
82:, "relating to the palace", from the noun
407:There were several palatine districts in
608:
606:
604:
258:
196:
38:
756:Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633–1684
625:
347:, an elector of the Holy Roman Empire.
14:
897:
836:
865:. Charles Simms & Co. p. 308
855:
601:
459:Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore
425:County Palatine of Tipperary Act 1715
298:is to "the King, Duke of Lancaster".
286:in 1399, but the vast estates of the
129:The nobleman swore allegiance to the
90:". It thus implies the exercise of a
752:
453:was granted palatine status, as was
759:. Charles Scribner's Sons. p.
598:Harris, B.E. (1979). page 98.
24:
194:which were not near any frontier.
159:this applied to northern England,
118:is similar but is ruled over by a
25:
926:
878:
718:The Law Journal for the Year 1825
626:Holland, Arthur William (1911). "
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290:were never assimilated into the
746:
724:
706:
694:
682:
673:
644:
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563:
551:
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445:In the colonies, the historic
176:Durham, Chester, and Lancaster
110:, the English equivalent of a
13:
1:
791:
753:Hall, Clayton Colman (1910).
572:, ed. Marchant & Charles
329:William de St Botolph (1302)
274:were conferred on the first
74:. The name derives from the
7:
837:Harris, B. E., ed. (1979).
499:Honour (feudal land tenure)
464:
345:Count Palatine of the Rhine
155:they have an earlier date.
32:Palatinate (disambiguation)
10:
931:
915:Norman conquest of England
570:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
545:Collins English Dictionary
378:(until the passing of the
179:
170:
29:
732:"Durham: Echoes of Power"
320:of that county palatine.
254:County Palatine of Durham
203:County Palatine of Durham
182:County Palatine of Durham
782:grant, cecilius calvert.
529:
885:Durham: Echoes of Power
637:Encyclopædia Britannica
335:Other counties palatine
126:than an earl or count.
122:, a nobleman of higher
679:Yates (1856), pp. 3–5.
509:Scottish feudal barony
380:Laws in Wales Act 1535
332:
267:
231:Simon de Montfort
214:
47:
504:English feudal barony
322:
318:court of common pleas
270:Palatine powers over
262:
221:were acquired by the
217:Palatine powers over
200:
42:
857:Yates, Joseph Brooks
736:collectbritain.co.uk
658:. Official functions
519:Electoral Palatinate
211:castle and cathedral
102:, that is to say, a
905:Counties of England
714:"Jewett v. Summons"
514:Irish feudal barony
376:Earldom of Pembroke
690:Law Terms Act 1830
494:Justice of Chester
489:Duchy of Lancaster
447:Province of Avalon
440:Earl of Strathearn
288:Duchy of Lancaster
268:
215:
153:continental Europe
48:
848:978-0-19-722749-7
703:, section 41
652:"The loyal toast"
434:, the earldom of
276:duke of Lancaster
246:bishops of Durham
96:royal prerogative
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413:Earls of Desmond
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397:to the throne.
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64:county palatine
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116:duchy palatine
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660:. Retrieved
655:
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451:Newfoundland
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207:Palace Green
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106:ruled by an
104:jurisdiction
91:
83:
79:
67:
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49:
36:
910:English law
364:Hexhamshire
360:Isle of Ely
296:loyal toast
209:, near the
192:Isle of Ely
151:, while in
899:Categories
792:References
776:4 December
436:Strathearn
370:, and, in
352:Shropshire
272:Lancashire
239:Parliament
180:See also:
124:precedence
78:adjective
68:palatinate
44:John Speed
830:161266106
662:26 August
656:Debrett's
140:in capite
98:within a
80:palātīnus
859:(1856).
801:Speculum
628:Palatine
524:Vavasour
477:Margrave
465:See also
455:Maryland
432:Scotland
415:and the
387:Cornwall
327:—
303:chancery
280:Cornwall
264:Boundary
219:Cheshire
84:palātium
891:website
887:at the
822:2849417
634:(ed.).
624::
409:Ireland
171:History
165:Ireland
131:monarch
72:kingdom
60:Ireland
52:England
845:
828:
820:
767:
630:". In
618:
457:under
374:, the
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100:county
88:palace
869:4 May
826:S2CID
818:JSTOR
530:Notes
372:Wales
305:(see
161:Wales
112:count
92:quasi
76:Latin
56:Wales
871:2007
843:ISBN
778:2008
765:ISBN
688:The
664:2016
356:Kent
309:and
163:and
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