241:, an epithet which can be interpreted either as a "dead language" (i.e. with no surviving speakers), or as "a language spoken by the dead" (i.e. ghouls or ghosts), the former interpretation being more realistic and the latter being the more fanciful. Evidence which lends support to the former interpretation is that literature in Paiśācī is fragmentary and extremely rare but may have been once common.
244:
The Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana, a grammar treatise written by Rev. Acharya
Hemachandraacharya, includes six languages: Sanskrit, the "standard" Prakrit (virtually Maharashtri Prakrit), Shauraseni, Magahi, Paiśācī, the otherwise-unattested Cūlikāpaiśācī and Apabhraṃśa (virtually Gurjar Apabhraṃśa,
200:
grammars of antiquity. It is generally grouped with the
Prakrits, with which it shares some linguistic similarities, but is still not considered a spoken Prakrit by the grammarians because it was purely a literary language, and because of its archaicism.
507:
The Prkita-prakasa; or the
Prakrit grammar of Vararuchi. With the commentary Manorama of Bhamaha. The first complete ed. of the original text... With notes, an English translation and index of Prkrit words; to which is prefixed a short introd. to Prkit
343:
In fact there is little reason to bother to choose
Paishachi is the joker in the deck of South Asian discourses on language, having an exclusively legendary status, since it is associated with a single lost text, the
441:"181 [95] - The home of the Paisaci - The home of the Paisaci - Page - Zeitschriften der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft - MENAdoc – Digital Collections"
540:
371:
370:. It further goes on to mention 10 rules of transforming the base text to Paisachi. These are mostly rules of substitution of letters -
362:
There is one chapter (chapter 10) dedicated to
Paisachi Prakrit in Prakrita Prakasha, a grammar book of Prakrit languages attributed to
489:
2369:
533:
354:, the Great Repository of Folk Narratives In any event, aside from this legendary work (which "survives" only in one
2069:
350:(The Great Tale), which seems to have existed less as an actual text than as a conceptual category signifying the
17:
939:
481:
424:
2364:
1721:
756:
526:
401:
140:
1692:
1512:
1358:
675:
2255:
2223:
2079:
332:
358:
and several
Sanskrit embodiments), Paishachi is irrelevant to the actual literary history of South Asia.
2374:
1789:
440:
2228:
1929:
1903:
1342:
1226:
245:
prevalent in the area of
Gujarat and Rajasthan at that time and the precursor of Gujarati language).
2124:
885:
189:
79:
2332:
2201:
1477:
1271:
1088:
623:
253:
84:
2379:
2002:
1815:
1301:
1266:
1261:
1100:
1083:
603:
477:
The language of the gods in the world of men: Sanskrit, culture, and power in premodern India
475:
261:
2290:
2265:
2134:
2104:
1961:
1741:
1731:
1541:
1120:
549:
89:
8:
2337:
2144:
1865:
1850:
1782:
1756:
1746:
1671:
1388:
1178:
1105:
1078:
830:
660:
367:
355:
2149:
2062:
2027:
1799:
1317:
1052:
742:
670:
665:
249:
273:
156:
2342:
2156:
1825:
1794:
1772:
1736:
1578:
1536:
1441:
1383:
1148:
1070:
1065:
974:
895:
875:
797:
722:
639:
572:
485:
411:
185:
2186:
2172:
505:
277:
2260:
2250:
2196:
2129:
2032:
2007:
1997:
1976:
1971:
1946:
1885:
1777:
1751:
1714:
1709:
1663:
1609:
1562:
1521:
1472:
1417:
1378:
1327:
1246:
1216:
1163:
1153:
1011:
1006:
998:
984:
934:
890:
802:
608:
557:
304:
2305:
2139:
2094:
1981:
1951:
1908:
1860:
1820:
1726:
1676:
1647:
1625:
1557:
1467:
1427:
1393:
1337:
1332:
1291:
1276:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1110:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
979:
900:
825:
781:
737:
732:
717:
712:
655:
618:
613:
471:
336:
257:
71:
64:
Perhaps from 5th century BCE; most texts, however are from 3rd–10th centuries CE
2315:
2057:
1966:
1898:
1893:
1875:
1855:
1642:
1635:
1604:
1498:
1446:
1286:
1281:
1236:
1211:
1203:
1158:
1128:
1095:
946:
855:
820:
812:
776:
727:
593:
294:(literally "Big Story"), a large collection of stories in verse, attributed to
226:
288:
The most widely known work, although lost, attributed to be in Paiśācī is the
2358:
2300:
1956:
1870:
1845:
1630:
969:
870:
340:
133:
2295:
1060:
269:
236:
178:
1373:
1188:
691:
346:
290:
231:
54:
1482:
1451:
1422:
518:
313:
2272:
2181:
850:
845:
577:
406:
363:
210:
149:
114:
2310:
2052:
1403:
865:
860:
840:
598:
299:
295:
214:
197:
2244:
2115:
1588:
1322:
835:
317:
265:
222:
193:
1583:
1432:
1407:
964:
956:
880:
771:
696:
503:
43:
433:
1398:
1296:
366:. In this work, it is mentioned that the base of Paisachi is
218:
2099:
1412:
382:
173:
504:
Vararuci; Bhamaha. Manorama; Cowell, Edward Byles (1868).
2191:
331:
Linguists have identified this as everything from an
308:in the 11th century by Somadeva, and also from the
511:. Robarts - University of Toronto. London Trübner.
2356:
426:Prakrita Prakasha Of Vararuchi Dr. P. L. Vaidya
422:
534:
298:. It is known of through its adaptations in
541:
527:
327:Talking of its existence, Pollock writes:
213:of the name suggests that it is spoken by
316:. Both Somadeva and Kshemendra were from
548:
470:
395:
14:
2357:
464:
459:The Buddhist Theory of Self-Cognition.
522:
276:used Paiśācī, and the Saṃmitīya used
248:The 13th-century Tibetan historian
24:
235:, it is also known by the name of
25:
2391:
416:
27:Extinct language of ancient India
2247:(unknown further classification)
445:menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de
372:Chapter 10 of Prakrita Pariksha
497:
482:University of California Press
451:
13:
1:
388:
283:
333:eastern Middle-Indic dialect
256:were separated by choice of
186:unattested literary language
7:
376:
237:
204:
179:
10:
2396:
2370:Extinct languages of Asia
2324:
2281:
2237:
2214:
2170:
2113:
2087:
2078:
2045:
2020:
1990:
1939:
1928:
1921:
1884:
1838:
1808:
1765:
1702:
1691:
1656:
1618:
1597:
1571:
1550:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1491:
1460:
1366:
1357:
1310:
1202:
1119:
1051:
1044:
997:
955:
927:
920:
913:
811:
790:
764:
755:
705:
684:
648:
632:
586:
565:
556:
147:
131:
112:
107:
68:
60:
50:
42:
37:
32:
2125:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
324:was said to be popular.
221:). In works of Sanskrit
190:middle kingdoms of India
2333:Indo-Iranian languages
360:
339:of inhabitants of the
254:early Buddhist schools
2003:Maharashtrian Konkani
423:Dr. Narinder Sharma.
329:
2365:Indo-Aryan languages
2291:Andaman Creole Hindi
1722:Bishnupriya Manipuri
1542:Caribbean Hindustani
550:Indo-Aryan languages
2338:Nuristani languages
2070:Mitanni superstrate
676:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
472:Pollock, Sheldon I.
368:Shauraseni language
335:close to Pali to a
272:used Sanskrit, the
2224:Proto-Indo-Iranian
2105:Early Ardhamagadhi
250:Buton Rinchen Drub
2375:Prakrit languages
2352:
2351:
2343:Iranian languages
2210:
2209:
2130:Dramatic Prakrits
2041:
2040:
2016:
2015:
1917:
1916:
1834:
1833:
1790:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
1687:
1686:
1507:
1506:
1353:
1352:
1343:list of languages
1040:
1039:
993:
992:
909:
908:
751:
750:
491:978-0-520-24500-6
412:the Linguist List
341:Vindhya Mountains
163:
162:
16:(Redirected from
2387:
2229:Proto-Indo-Aryan
2085:
2084:
2008:Canarese Konkani
1937:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1700:
1699:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1364:
1363:
1049:
1048:
925:
924:
918:
917:
762:
761:
563:
562:
543:
536:
529:
520:
519:
513:
512:
501:
495:
494:
468:
462:
455:
449:
448:
437:
431:
430:
420:
414:
399:
356:Jain Maharashtri
305:Kathasaritsagara
240:
182:
159:
143:
126:
117:
74:
30:
29:
21:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2320:
2283:
2277:
2233:
2216:
2206:
2166:
2109:
2095:Ashokan Prakrit
2074:
2037:
2012:
1986:
1931:
1913:
1880:
1830:
1804:
1761:
1694:
1683:
1652:
1614:
1593:
1567:
1546:
1503:
1487:
1456:
1428:Hyderabadi Urdu
1349:
1306:
1198:
1115:
1036:
989:
980:Pahari-Pothwari
951:
905:
886:Pahari Kinnauri
807:
786:
747:
713:Indus Kohistani
706:Hazara Division
701:
680:
644:
628:
582:
552:
547:
517:
516:
502:
498:
492:
469:
465:
456:
452:
439:
438:
434:
421:
417:
402:Paiśācī Prakrit
400:
396:
391:
379:
286:
258:sacred language
252:wrote that the
207:
184:) is a largely
155:
139:
136:
124:
113:
103:
95:Paiśācī Prakrit
75:
72:Language family
70:
33:Paiśācī Prakrit
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2393:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1934:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1401:
1396:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Lisan ud-Dawat
1093:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1001:
995:
994:
991:
990:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
961:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
944:
943:
942:
931:
929:
922:
915:
911:
910:
907:
906:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
817:
815:
809:
808:
806:
805:
800:
794:
792:
788:
787:
785:
784:
779:
774:
768:
766:
759:
753:
752:
749:
748:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
709:
707:
703:
702:
700:
699:
694:
688:
686:
682:
681:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
652:
650:
646:
645:
643:
642:
636:
634:
630:
629:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
590:
588:
584:
583:
581:
580:
575:
569:
567:
560:
554:
553:
546:
545:
538:
531:
523:
515:
514:
496:
490:
463:
450:
432:
429:(in Sanskrit).
415:
393:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
378:
375:
337:Munda language
285:
282:
274:Sthaviravādins
270:Sarvāstivādins
206:
203:
161:
160:
153:
145:
144:
137:
132:
129:
128:
118:
110:
109:
108:Language codes
105:
104:
102:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
78:
76:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
46:: 𑀧𑁃𑀰𑀸𑀘𑀻
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2392:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Haflong Hindi
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2256:Chinali–Lahul
2254:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2203:
2202:Khasa Prakrit
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Chhattisgarhi
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
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1409:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
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1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
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1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1344:
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1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
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1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:Rathwi Bareli
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
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1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
996:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
954:
948:
945:
941:
938:
937:
936:
933:
932:
930:
926:
923:
919:
916:
912:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Mahasu Pahari
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
816:
814:
810:
804:
801:
799:
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795:
793:
789:
783:
780:
778:
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773:
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769:
767:
763:
760:
758:
754:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
708:
704:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
687:
683:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
651:
647:
641:
638:
637:
635:
631:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
589:
585:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
568:
564:
561:
559:
555:
551:
544:
539:
537:
532:
530:
525:
524:
521:
510:
509:
500:
493:
487:
483:
479:
478:
473:
467:
460:
457:Yao, Zhihua.
454:
446:
442:
436:
428:
427:
419:
413:
409:
408:
403:
398:
394:
384:
381:
380:
374:
373:
369:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
348:
342:
338:
334:
328:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
293:
292:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:Mahāsāṃghikas
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
239:
234:
233:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
202:
199:
195:
192:mentioned in
191:
187:
183:
181:
175:
171:
167:
158:
154:
152:
151:
146:
142:
138:
135:
134:Linguist List
130:
122:
119:
116:
111:
106:
96:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
81:
80:Indo-European
77:
73:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2380:Panchatantra
2296:Bombay Hindi
2238:Unclassified
2161:
2135:Ardhamagadhi
1962:Berar Deccan
1816:Chittagonian
1809:Chittagonian
1302:Vaagri Booli
1267:Pauri Bareli
1262:Palya Bareli
1227:Dhodia–Kukna
1101:Parkari Koli
914:Northwestern
604:Kundal Shahi
506:
499:
476:
466:
458:
453:
444:
435:
425:
418:
405:
397:
361:
351:
345:
330:
326:
321:
309:
303:
289:
287:
247:
243:
230:
208:
177:
169:
165:
164:
148:
120:
94:
85:Indo-Iranian
2284:and creoles
2266:Lahul Lohar
2145:Maharashtri
1742:Mal Paharia
1732:Kharia Thar
1374:Braj Bhasha
232:Kavyadarsha
55:North India
2359:Categories
2187:Apabhraṃśa
2173:Apabhraṃśa
2150:Shauraseni
1866:Bodo Parja
1851:Sambalpuri
1783:Goalpariya
1757:Tanchangya
1747:Noakhailla
1672:Bote-Darai
1483:Fiji Hindi
1452:Sadhukkadi
1423:Judeo-Urdu
1389:Hindustani
1179:Shekhawati
1121:Rajasthani
1106:Saurashtra
831:Bhadarwahi
661:Gawar-Bati
461:2012. p. 9
389:References
352:Volksgeist
347:Bṛhatkathā
322:Bṛhatkathā
320:where the
314:Kshemendra
310:Bṛhatkathā
291:Bṛhatkathā
284:Literature
278:Apabhraṃśa
238:Bhūtabhāṣa
90:Indo-Aryan
2273:Sheikhgal
2217:languages
2182:Abahattha
2162:Paishachi
2063:Classical
2028:Maldivian
1800:Surjapuri
1766:Kamarupic
1668:Kuswaric
1530:Bhojpuric
1318:Khandeshi
851:Chambeali
846:Bilaspuri
743:Mankiyali
671:Shumashti
666:Nangalami
578:Kishtwari
407:MultiTree
364:Vararuchi
211:etymology
166:Paishachi
150:Glottolog
115:ISO 639-3
38:Paishachi
2329:See also
2311:Nefamese
2306:Nagamese
2197:Kamarupi
2157:Gāndhārī
2114:Middle (
2053:Sanskrit
1991:Konkanic
1940:Marathic
1930:Marathi–
1922:Southern
1826:Rohingya
1795:Rangpuri
1773:Assamese
1737:Kurmukar
1715:dialects
1695:Kamarupa
1579:Maithili
1572:Maithili
1537:Bhojpuri
1442:Kannauji
1404:Hinglish
1384:Haryanvi
1149:Dhundari
1089:Wadiyara
1071:Jandavra
1066:Gujarati
1053:Gujarati
975:Khetrani
940:dialects
896:Sirmauri
876:Jaunsari
866:Mandeali
861:Pangwali
841:Bhateali
798:Garhwali
757:Northern
723:Chilisso
599:Brokskat
573:Kashmiri
566:Kashmiri
474:(2006),
377:See also
300:Sanskrit
296:Gunadhya
225:such as
205:Identity
198:Sanskrit
157:pais1238
2282:Pidgins
2261:Chinali
2251:Bazigar
2245:Badeshi
2140:Magadhi
2116:Prakrit
2033:Sinhala
2021:Insular
1998:Konkani
1977:Katkari
1972:Phudagi
1952:Varhadi
1947:Marathi
1932:Konkani
1904:Bhunjia
1778:Kamrupi
1752:Sylheti
1710:Bengali
1703:Bengali
1664:Kumhali
1631:Kochila
1619:Tharuic
1610:Kurmali
1598:Sadanic
1589:Bajjika
1563:Khortha
1513:Eastern
1473:Bagheli
1461:Eastern
1418:Deccani
1394:Kauravi
1379:Bundeli
1367:Western
1359:Central
1328:Dawoodi
1323:Lambadi
1247:Bhilori
1217:Bhilali
1164:Marwari
1154:Harauti
1084:Parkari
1045:Western
1012:Kholosi
1007:Jadgali
985:Saraiki
935:Punjabi
928:Eastern
921:Punjabi
891:Hinduri
836:Churahi
813:Western
803:Kumaoni
791:Central
765:Eastern
692:Kalasha
685:Chitral
640:Pashayi
633:Pashayi
609:Kalkoti
508:grammar
318:Kashmir
302:as the
266:Prākrit
223:poetics
215:piśācas
194:Prakrit
188:of the
180:Paiśācī
170:Paisaci
18:Paiśācī
2215:Proto-
2171:Late (
2080:Middle
1982:Kadodi
1909:Nahari
1886:Halbic
1861:Bhatri
1821:Chakma
1727:Hajong
1693:Gauda–
1677:Danwar
1657:Others
1648:Musasa
1584:Angika
1558:Magahi
1551:Magahi
1522:Bihari
1492:Others
1468:Awadhi
1433:Rekhta
1408:Urdish
1338:Romani
1333:Domari
1311:Others
1292:Vasavi
1277:Pardhi
1257:Magari
1252:Mawchi
1242:Bauria
1232:Dhanki
1222:Chodri
1194:Nimadi
1184:Dhatki
1174:Mewari
1169:Mewati
1144:Gujari
1139:Loarki
1134:Goaria
1111:Vaghri
1032:Sindhi
1027:Memoni
1022:Luwati
1017:Kutchi
999:Sindhi
965:Hindko
957:Lahnda
901:Sarazi
881:Kullui
826:Kangri
782:Nepali
772:Doteli
738:Tirahi
733:Kalami
718:Bateri
697:Khowar
656:Dameli
619:Palula
614:Ushoji
558:Dardic
488:
268:, the
260:: the
227:Daṇḍin
219:demons
51:Region
44:Brahmi
2316:Vedda
2088:Early
2058:Vedic
1967:Varli
1899:Kamar
1894:Halbi
1876:Kupia
1856:Desia
1643:Majhi
1636:Buksa
1626:Tharu
1605:Sadri
1499:Parya
1447:Sansi
1399:Hindi
1297:Wagdi
1287:Kalto
1282:Gamit
1237:Dubli
1212:Bhili
1159:Malvi
1129:Bagri
1079:Kachi
1075:Koli
947:Sansi
856:Gaddi
821:Dogri
777:Jumli
728:Gowro
649:Kunar
594:Shina
587:Shina
264:used
2100:Pāli
1957:Andh
1871:Reli
1846:Odia
1839:Odia
1413:Urdu
1204:Bhil
970:Inku
624:Sawi
486:ISBN
383:Pali
209:The
196:and
174:IAST
121:None
2192:Elu
2046:Old
1061:Aer
410:on
404:at
312:by
229:'s
217:, (
168:or
141:qpp
125:mis
61:Era
2361::
1189:Od
484:,
480:,
443:.
280:.
176::
2175:)
2118:)
1406:/
542:e
535:t
528:v
447:.
172:(
127:)
123:(
20:)
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