1981:
166:
2134:
1814:
1751:
2104:
1847:
1741:
1721:
1508:
76:
185:
2114:
1857:
1824:
1595:
513:
1939:
2124:
2094:
1919:
2001:
2011:
1625:
2144:
62:
389:. He withdrew all faculties to whom and by whomsoever given, and forbade the use of the title or the decoration to all knights created by any means other than a Papal Brief. To restore the Order to its ancient glory, he limited the number of Commanders to 150 and knights to 300 (for the Papal States only), and appointed the Cardinal of Apostolic Briefs as Chancellor of the Order, with the duty of preserving the name, grade, number and date of admission of each knight.
1691:
1971:
1991:
2044:
1761:
1605:
2034:
1929:
1711:
153:
1089:
1520:
1701:
1659:
1615:
1639:
1894:
1884:
1731:
1044:
283:, a count palatinate in 1469, entitled in turn to confer university degrees. "Bartolini also received the Knighthood of the Golden Spur, a title that sometimes accompanied the office of count palatinate in the Renaissance", according to the historian of universities Paul F. Grendler; the Order of the Golden Spur, linked with the title of count palatinate, was widely conferred after the
360:, awaiting as a prize for his services a distinguished post in the Government!... he would, however, willingly accept a tobacconist's shop or a position as an inspector of sweeping; besides, he is a gallant man like all knights of his order, for a trifle demanding satisfaction from five-year-old children, perfectly making excuses from the moment you look at him in the face."
2065:
481:
The official uniform is a red tunic decorated with two rows of gilt buttons, black velvet collar and cuffs embroidered in gold, black trousers with gold side stripes, epaulettes ornamented with gold fringes and surmounted on top with the emblem of the order, gold spurs, oblong two-peaked hat trimmed
734:
gold, it is to be understood: "Throughout the Middle Ages gold was far too rare to permit spurs being made of solid gold, despite the importance with which spurs were regarded. They were usually made of iron, brass, or copper, silvered or gilded, and often of iron tinned". (Stephen V. Grancsay, "A
1136:"... culminating with a brilliant season in Rome, during which he was, by Pope Leo XII, decorated with the Order of the Golden Spur..." Nicolo Paganini and His Guarnerius: A Reminiscence of Genoa,The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular,Vol. 27, No. 519 (May 1, 1886), pp. 266-270
339:
had the privilege of nominating recipients. The Order was given out liberally upon payment of a small fee, and some scandal arose in Paris concerning the sale of forged letters patent claiming to confer this title, formerly linked with the purely honorary designation
235:
conferred upon those who have rendered distinguished service in propagating the
Catholic faith, or who have contributed to the glory of the Church, either by feat of arms, by writings, or by other illustrious acts. With the death in 2019 of the last remaining knight,
323:. The Order was granted to "those in the pontifical government, artists, and others, whom the pope should think deserving of reward. It is likewise given to strangers, no other condition being required, but that of professing the catholic religion."
306:
remarked "The Order they call the Golden Spur was so disparaged that people irritated me greatly when they asked me the details of my cross;" he had the grace to add that he would have been pleased if he had been able to answer "mon
466:, an eight-pointed, enamelled gold cross, in whose center is a small white medallion on one side of which is the word "Maria" surrounded by a golden circle, and on the other the year MDCCCCV and in its surrounding circle the words "
1942:
1405:
1817:
1228:
1860:
1827:
1557:
1388:
177:
1662:
1245:
1285:
1897:
1492:
1221:
1550:
1393:
1214:
1104:
1794:
482:
with gold and bearing the papal colors, and a sword whose hilt forms a gilt cross in a black scabbard, held in place with a gold sword belt with red fringe.
295:(1533), who had painted an equestrian portrait of Charles. Close on the heels of the Emperor's death in 1558, its refounding in Papal hands is attributed to
1543:
2107:
1850:
1399:
1680:
2159:
1237:
712:
35:
2183:
267:
conferred the title on one Fenzio di
Albertino di Prato, 15 August 1357, at Prague. The Order began to be associated with the inheritable
2178:
1598:
1173:
17:
1109:
930:, had died the previous year, during which the pope had included the Order within the Order of Saint Sylvester and the Golden Militia.
863:"L'ordre qu'on appelle de l'Éperon d'Or était si décrié qu'on m'ennuyait beaucoup quand on demandait des nouvelles de ma croix." (
1333:
1316:
1311:
470:". Pendant from the bottom of the cross is a small golden spur. The decoration is suspended from a red ribbon with white borders.
773:
2117:
759:
363:
The badge, as described by Robson in 1830, was an eight-pointed gold cross with a ray point between each arm and the legend
2137:
255:
1608:
1583:
39:
489:(chain), but when the order was revived in 1905 this was not resumed, though the collar remains a symbol of the order.
1980:
1535:
152:
2068:
1724:
1704:
1323:
1008:
576:
276:
253:
It is accounted the earliest papal chivalric institution. The Order of the Golden Spur had its origins in the title
1570:
2127:
1714:
1673:
165:
2004:
1764:
1270:
690:
264:
425:. In modern times the order has only one class, Knight, and its membership has been restricted to one hundred
421:
and the other taking the older name of the Order of the Golden Spur, and placed it under the patronage of the
1177:
558:
447:
371:
with the name and date when presented. On top of the cross, an imperial crown, and at the base a small spur.
288:
237:
927:
357:
1366:
291:; the text of surviving diplomas conferred hereditary nobility to the recipients. Among the recipients was
315:
had his portrait painted with the star-encircled cross of the order on his coat, and the Order granted to
2082:
2037:
1301:
2133:
435:
of the Pope. It is used to award merit, without any consideration of noble birth, and no longer confers
1961:
1887:
1870:
1734:
1694:
1328:
316:
308:
521:
512:
2103:
1846:
1813:
1787:
1754:
1750:
1356:
968:
665:
608:
232:
91:
2147:
2097:
1411:
1720:
1206:
815:(2004), p. 184, note 130; the title empowered Fenzio to confer the license of doctor of civil law.
1974:
1618:
1255:
675:
641:
493:
440:
312:
134:
1000:
993:
2014:
1922:
1907:
1275:
700:
418:
2113:
1740:
477:, which is worn on the left breast, is the same cross centered upon the rays of a silver star.
1994:
1932:
1744:
1417:
1265:
681:
497:
496:, individuals awarded this Order may depict the gold livery collar completely encircling the
406:
352:
of Paris" (1842); its satirically mocking legend reads "This so-called former
Colonel of the
280:
184:
1094:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
876:
1628:
1574:
614:
439:, as it did before 1841. It is the second highest of the papal orders (the first being the
1594:
8:
1938:
1782:
1512:
1448:
632:
422:
402:
284:
647:
1774:
1565:
1524:
1482:
1148:
The Pope and
Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe
268:
260:
2123:
1856:
1823:
913:
Robson 1830; the language used in the patent was French, the international diplomatic
1647:
1566:
1361:
1306:
1004:
755:
671:
599:
589:
563:
543:
539:
31:
345:
1429:
940:
The
National Museum of western Art: Daumier, "Bohemians of Paris", 24 (illustrated)
939:
779:
659:
636:
626:
620:
584:
548:
516:
A Papal Knight of the Golden Spur, copper engraving by Jacob
Andreas Fridrich, 1756
375:
303:
272:
224:
196:
144:
2093:
1918:
653:
2000:
1690:
1465:
995:
The Church
Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church
603:
204:
1970:
2047:
1837:
1804:
1475:
1470:
1435:
1423:
595:
533:
450:
on 23 April 2019, there are no living members of the Order of the Golden Spur.
398:
311:", and he did habitually wear it, nevertheless, on its scarlet riband. In 1777
216:
2143:
2010:
1624:
302:
By the mid-18th century the Order was being so indiscriminately bestowed that
2172:
1113:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 171–172.
1100:
1095:
1048:
1038:
964:
914:
580:
554:
486:
169:
951:
1952:
685:
501:
431:
336:
296:
111:
61:
348:
included the "Knight of the Golden Spur" among his series of lithographs "
1487:
1351:
1127:, transl. Robert Spaethling, (W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 2000), 17.
410:
379:
353:
349:
485:
In the early days of the order its members were entitled to wear a gold
1760:
848:
The
British Herald; or, Cabinet of armorial bearings of the nobility...
571:
2033:
1990:
1928:
1710:
2043:
1604:
567:
172:
of the Order of Saint
Sylvester and the Golden Militia prior to 1905.
458:
The emblems of the order after the 1905 reorganization consists of:
1700:
1519:
1236:
731:
436:
180:
Medal of the Order of Saint
Sylvester and the Golden Militia, 1841.
81:
854:"Golden Spur, in Rome" and plate 4 (fig. 21) and 5 (figs 3 and 7).
1047:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1041:
Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 7 December 2022
696:
527:
176:
1658:
1614:
650:(1782–1840), Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer
426:
292:
1893:
1883:
1730:
1201:
1638:
332:
1039:
Sauer, Joseph. "Domenico Fontana." The Catholic Encyclopedia
668:(1893–1976), Regent of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1934–1941)
656:(1868–1957), Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1944)
2064:
1062:
Basta György, Hadvezér Levelezése és Iratai (1602—1607)
644:(1756–1791), classical composer, at the age of fourteen
629:(1729–1805), dancer and impresario in London 1760–1800
417:, divided the order into two, one taking the name of
326:
279:
named Baldo Bartolini, professor of civil law at the
248:
2108:
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
1851:
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
429:throughout the world. The honour is conferred by a
992:
772:Sainty, Guy Stair, "History of the Papal Orders",
342:Count Palatine of the Sacred Palace of the Lateran
1125:Mozart's Letters, Mozart's Life: Selected Letters
973:, vol. IV, New York: Robert Appleton Company
2170:
2160:Template:Italian orders, decorations, and medals
592:(1602–1680), Irish lawyer and Confederate leader
1406:Order of Saint Sylvester and the Militia Aurata
1238:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See
713:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See
387:Order of Saint Sylvester and the Golden Militia
34:. For the elite of the Holy Roman Empire, see
1551:
1222:
36:Knight of the Golden Spur (Holy Roman Empire)
30:For the United States Cavalry tradition, see
1202:Association of Papal Orders in Great Britain
397:On 7 February 1905, in commemoration of the
392:
1599:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
990:
813:The Universities of the Italian Renaissance
635:(1749–1814), German composer, conferred by
1558:
1544:
1229:
1215:
735:Pair of Spurs Bearing the Bourbon Motto"
1818:Order of Saint George for Military Merit
1099:
1080:
1064:, T. 2, Budapest, 1913, pp. 779 and 782.
511:
385:, reformed and renamed the order as the
183:
175:
164:
1334:Medal of the Order pro Merito Melitensi
1145:
742:.8 (August 1941:170–172) p. 171).
737:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
14:
2171:
611:(1714–1787), German classical composer
2118:Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit
1943:Order of the Civil and Military Merit
1539:
1210:
1146:Kertzer, David I. (28 January 2014).
833:C Hope, "Titian as a Court Painter",
778:, chivalricorders.org, archived from
507:
2138:Order of Saint George of the Reunion
1861:Order of Saint Louis for Civil Merit
1828:Order of Saint Louis for Civil Merit
962:
542:(1532-1594), composer, conferred by
331:In the 19th century, members of the
256:Count palatine of the Lateran Palace
2184:1905 establishments in Vatican City
1609:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
991:Noonan, Jr., James-Charles (1996),
319:permitted him to sign his etchings
240:, the order is considered dormant.
40:Knight of the Golden Spur (Hungary)
24:
2179:Orders of chivalry of the Holy See
1389:Order of Saint John of the Lateran
771:
536:(1511-1574), artist and biographer
327:19th century: decline of the order
249:Before 19th century: a noble order
25:
2195:
2069:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1705:Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
1324:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1195:
754:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012
577:Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini
38:. For the Hungarian knights, see
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2063:
2042:
2032:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1937:
1927:
1917:
1892:
1882:
1855:
1845:
1822:
1812:
1759:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1657:
1637:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1518:
1506:
1493:Other Catholic orders of chivaly
1087:
1042:
617:(c. 1716–1799), Italian sculptor
211:), officially known also as the
151:
74:
60:
2128:Royal Order of the Two-Sicilies
1715:Military Order of Maria Theresa
1166:
1154:
1139:
1130:
1117:
1067:
1054:
1032:
1016:
984:
956:
945:
933:
920:
907:
890:
881:
870:
259:, which was in the gift of the
2005:Order of St. Gregory the Great
1765:Order of Elizabeth and Theresa
1663:Military Order of Saint George
1271:Order of St. Gregory the Great
857:
840:
827:
818:
805:
793:
765:
745:
725:
691:Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
265:Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
13:
1:
1898:Cross of Seniority of Service
1439:
1178:National Library of Indonesia
718:
448:Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg
289:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
238:Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg
524:(1466–1534), Spanish soldier
356:, later aide-de-camp to the
7:
2038:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
1302:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
824:Grendler 2004:184 note 134.
800:Comes palatini Lateranensis
706:
453:
263:in the fourteenth century:
213:Order of the Golden Militia
18:Order of the Golden Militia
10:
2200:
1888:Order of the Eagle of Este
1695:Order of the Golden Fleece
1635:
1329:Order pro Merito Melitensi
928:Honoré V, Prince of Monaco
600:Cardinal Antonio Barberini
557:(1544-1607), conferred by
551:(1543 – 28 June 1607)
317:Giovanni Battista Piranesi
243:
29:
27:Papal order of knighthood
2156:
2081:
2056:
2023:
1960:
1951:
1906:
1869:
1836:
1803:
1788:Order of the Golden Stole
1773:
1755:Order of the Starry Cross
1672:
1646:
1582:
1501:
1458:
1375:
1367:Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross
1357:Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice
1344:
1284:
1244:
1123:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
970:The Catholic Encyclopedia
666:Prince Paul of Yugoslavia
609:Christoph Willibald Gluck
393:20th century till present
233:papal order of knighthood
201:Ordine dello Speron d'Oro
150:
140:
130:
125:
117:
107:
97:
92:Papal order of knighthood
87:
71:
59:
49:
2148:Royal Order of Francis I
2098:Order of Saint Januarius
1985:Order of the Golden Spur
1412:Advocates of Saint Peter
1261:Order of the Golden Spur
965:"Pontifical Decorations"
752:Annuario Pontificio 2012
598:(1642–1692), steward to
275:during the Renaissance;
193:Order of the Golden Spur
50:Order of the Golden Spur
1975:Supreme Order of Christ
1725:Order of the Iron Crown
1619:Military Order of Savoy
1513:Vatican City portal
1256:Supreme Order of Christ
1110:Encyclopædia Britannica
642:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
623:(1725–1798), adventurer
522:Diego GarcĂa de Paredes
494:ecclesiastical heraldry
441:Supreme Order of Christ
313:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
157:Ribbon bar of the order
135:Supreme Order of Christ
2015:Order of St. Sylvester
1923:Order of Saint Stephen
1525:Catholicism portal
1394:Order of Saint Cecilia
1276:Order of St. Sylvester
701:President of Indonesia
517:
419:Order of St. Sylvester
228:
220:
209:Ordre de l'Éperon d'or
208:
200:
188:
181:
173:
1995:Order of Pope Pius IX
1933:Order of Saint Joseph
1745:Order of Franz Joseph
1418:Blessed sword and hat
1266:Order of Pope Pius IX
1029:"Orlandus de Lassus".
1023:Catholic Encyclopedia
963:Rock, P.M.J. (1908),
682:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
602:, cardinal-nephew of
579:(1571–1627), Italian
566:(1568–1613), Sienese
515:
407:Immaculate Conception
367:. On the reverse was
281:University of Perugia
277:Emperor Frederick III
187:
179:
168:
53:Ordo Militiae Auratae
1665:(Red-coloured cross)
1629:Civil Order of Savoy
1575:Unification of Italy
1483:Pontifical academies
1105:Vogler, Georg Joseph
615:Bartolomeo Cavaceppi
415:Multum ad excitandos
413:in his motu proprio
1795:Company of the Hose
1783:Order of Saint Mark
1449:Papal Lateran Cross
1294:(with distinctions)
1174:"List of All Award"
1161:Annuario Pontificio
775:Alamanch de la Cour
633:Georg Joseph Vogler
530:(1483–1520), artist
423:Blessed Virgin Mary
403:dogmatic definition
383:Quod Hominum Mentes
221:Ordo Militia Aurata
1775:Republic of Venice
1345:Other distinctions
1075:Histoire de ma vie
1060:Dr. Veress Endre,
999:, Viking, p.
865:Histoire de ma vie
835:Oxford Art Journal
811:Paul F. Grendler,
518:
508:Notable recipients
446:With the death of
321:Cav. G.B. Piranesi
269:patent of nobility
261:Holy Roman Emperor
189:
182:
174:
66:Badge of the order
2166:
2165:
2077:
2076:
1533:
1532:
1400:Order of the Moor
1382:
1362:Benemerenti medal
1307:Palm of Jerusalem
1295:
898:Notes and Queries
782:on 13 August 2007
760:978-88-209-8722-0
672:Hussein bin Talal
590:Nicholas Plunkett
564:Ventura Salimbeni
544:Pope Gregory XIII
540:Orlande de Lassus
366:
163:
162:
32:Order of the Spur
16:(Redirected from
2191:
2146:
2136:
2126:
2116:
2106:
2096:
2085:the Two Sicilies
2067:
2046:
2036:
2013:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1958:
1957:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1896:
1886:
1859:
1849:
1826:
1816:
1763:
1753:
1743:
1735:Order of Leopold
1733:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1693:
1676:Lombardy–Venetia
1661:
1641:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1523:
1522:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1444:
1441:
1430:Fidei et Virtuti
1380:
1293:
1288:under protection
1231:
1224:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1013:
998:
988:
982:
981:
980:
978:
960:
954:
949:
943:
937:
931:
924:
918:
911:
905:
894:
888:
885:
879:
874:
868:
861:
855:
844:
838:
831:
825:
822:
816:
809:
803:
797:
791:
790:
789:
787:
769:
763:
749:
743:
729:
660:Benito Mussolini
648:Niccolò Paganini
637:Pope Clement XIV
627:Giovanni Gallini
621:Giacomo Casanova
585:Pope Gregory XIV
549:Domenico Fontana
468:Pius X Restituit
376:Pope Gregory XVI
364:
358:Prince of Monaco
273:count palatinate
155:
145:Order of Pius IX
80:
78:
77:
64:
47:
46:
21:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2084:
2073:
2052:
2025:
2019:
1947:
1909:
1902:
1874:
1872:
1865:
1832:
1799:
1769:
1681:Austrian orders
1678:
1675:
1668:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1585:
1578:
1564:
1534:
1529:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1466:Papal household
1454:
1442:
1379:
1377:
1376:Defunct/dormant
1371:
1340:
1292:
1290:of the Holy See
1289:
1287:
1280:
1248:of the Holy See
1247:
1240:
1235:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1150:. Random House.
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1103:, ed. (1911). "
1088:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1068:
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1055:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1021:
1017:
1011:
989:
985:
976:
974:
961:
957:
950:
946:
938:
934:
925:
921:
912:
908:
896:"Scrutator" in
895:
891:
886:
882:
875:
871:
862:
858:
846:Thomas Robson,
845:
841:
832:
828:
823:
819:
810:
806:
798:
794:
785:
783:
770:
766:
750:
746:
730:
726:
721:
709:
604:Pope Urban VIII
510:
456:
395:
335:, prelates and
329:
271:in the form of
251:
246:
159:
158:
156:
75:
73:
67:
55:
51:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2197:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2089:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2048:Teutonic Order
2040:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1914:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1842:
1840:
1838:Duchy of Parma
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1809:
1807:
1805:Duchy of Lucca
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1697:
1686:
1684:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1654:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1571:Italian States
1563:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1515:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1476:Black nobility
1471:Papal nobility
1468:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1436:Lauretan Cross
1433:
1427:
1424:Pro Petri Sede
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1373:
1372:
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1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1342:
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1331:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1317:Cross of Merit
1314:
1309:
1298:
1296:
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1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1252:
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1234:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1196:External links
1194:
1191:
1190:
1165:
1163:, 1954, p. 998
1153:
1138:
1129:
1116:
1101:Chisholm, Hugh
1079:
1066:
1053:
1031:
1015:
1009:
983:
955:
944:
932:
919:
906:
889:
880:
877:Hulton Archive
869:
856:
839:
826:
817:
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792:
764:
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723:
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703:
694:
688:
679:
676:King of Jordan
669:
663:
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651:
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639:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
596:Antonio Latini
593:
587:
574:
561:
552:
546:
537:
534:Giorgio Vasari
531:
525:
509:
506:
479:
478:
471:
455:
452:
399:golden jubilee
394:
391:
346:Honoré Daumier
328:
325:
250:
247:
245:
242:
229:Milizia Aurata
161:
160:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
109:
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99:
95:
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69:
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65:
57:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2196:
2185:
2182:
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2177:
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2141:
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2135:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2119:
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2062:
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2059:
2055:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:
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2031:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
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1965:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
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1936:
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1930:
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1916:
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1911:
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1858:
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1712:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
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1677:
1671:
1664:
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1620:
1616:
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1587:
1581:
1576:
1572:
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1538:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1503:
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1494:
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1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
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1464:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
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1387:
1386:
1384:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Pilgrim Shell
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1096:public domain
1083:
1077:, 7:ix, 8:ix.
1076:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1050:
1049:public domain
1040:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1012:
1010:0-670-86745-4
1006:
1002:
997:
996:
987:
972:
971:
966:
959:
953:
952:Papal knights
948:
941:
936:
929:
926:The bachelor
923:
916:
915:lingua franca
910:
903:
899:
893:
884:
878:
873:
866:
860:
853:
849:
843:
836:
830:
821:
814:
808:
801:
796:
781:
777:
776:
768:
761:
757:
753:
748:
741:
738:
733:
728:
724:
714:
711:
710:
702:
699:(1901–1970),
698:
695:
692:
689:
687:
684:(1919–1980),
683:
680:
677:
674:(1935-1999),
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:MiklĂłs Horthy
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
638:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
605:
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
586:
583:and uncle of
582:
578:
575:
573:
569:
565:
562:
560:
556:
555:Giorgio Basta
553:
550:
547:
545:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
519:
514:
505:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
487:livery collar
483:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
460:
459:
451:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
390:
388:
384:
381:
377:
372:
370:
365:BENE MER•ENTI
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
337:papal nuncios
334:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
241:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
178:
171:
170:Livery collar
167:
154:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:Next (higher)
129:
124:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
102:Dormant order
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
70:
63:
58:
54:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2026:the Holy See
2024:Protected by
1984:
1953:Papal States
1443: 1980s
1378:distinctions
1260:
1181:. Retrieved
1168:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1141:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1108:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1018:
994:
986:
975:, retrieved
969:
958:
947:
935:
922:
909:
901:
900:3rd Series,
897:
892:
887:Robson 1830.
883:
872:
864:
859:
851:
847:
842:
834:
829:
820:
812:
807:
799:
795:
784:, retrieved
780:the original
774:
767:
751:
747:
739:
736:
732:Heraldically
727:
686:Shah of Iran
570:painter and
502:coat of arms
491:
484:
480:
474:
467:
463:
457:
445:
432:Motu Proprio
430:
414:
396:
386:
382:
373:
368:
362:
341:
330:
320:
301:
297:Pope Pius IV
285:Sack of Rome
254:
252:
212:
192:
190:
141:Next (lower)
112:Pope Francis
101:
52:
44:
1908:Grand Duchy
1573:before the
1488:Swiss Guard
1381:(selection)
1352:Golden Rose
917:of the era.
693:(1921–2019)
678:(1952-1999)
662:(1883–1945)
411:Pope Pius X
380:Papal Brief
354:Papal Guard
287:, 1527, by
72:Awarded by
2173:Categories
2158:See also:
2083:Kingdom of
1910:of Tuscany
1875:and Reggio
1674:Kingdom of
1584:Kingdom of
1183:9 November
1073:Casanova,
762:), p. 1272
719:References
572:printmaker
126:Precedence
977:18 August
904:, p. 254.
867:, 8;ix);.
786:18 August
568:Mannerist
559:Rudolf II
500:on their
378:, in the
374:In 1841,
350:Bohemians
299:in 1559.
108:Sovereign
2057:See also
1962:Holy See
1871:Duchy of
1650:of Genoa
1648:Republic
1586:Sardinia
1459:See also
1025:, 1913,
707:See also
581:Cardinal
454:Insignia
437:nobility
304:Casanova
231:), is a
82:Holy See
1569:of the
1098::
850:(1830)
837:, 1979.
697:Sukarno
528:Raphael
427:knights
405:of the
401:of the
369:Ex dono
244:History
225:Italian
197:Italian
1873:Modena
1577:(1871)
1567:Orders
1451:(1977)
1432:(1867)
1426:(1860)
1420:(1823)
1414:(1909)
1408:(1905)
1402:(1870)
1396:(1870)
1286:Orders
1246:Orders
1092:
1007:
758:
498:shield
309:Toison
293:Titian
205:French
121:Knight
118:Grades
98:Status
79:
464:badge
333:Curia
217:Latin
1185:2022
1027:s.v.
1005:ISBN
979:2007
852:s.v.
788:2007
756:ISBN
475:star
473:The
462:The
191:The
88:Type
1107:".
1001:196
492:In
443:).
2175::
1440:c.
1176:.
1003:,
967:,
740:36
504:.
409:,
344:.
227::
223:,
219::
207::
203:,
199::
1683:)
1679:(
1559:e
1552:t
1545:v
1445:)
1438:(
1230:e
1223:t
1216:v
1187:.
1051:.
942:.
902:3
802:.
215:(
195:(
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
