853:
483:
825:
444:
38:
168:
471:
1464:
31:
810:
839:
456:
795:
1476:
287:
date from 20–35 AD; they were rebuilt in 330 AD. Uncovered in 1771 following Lisbon's devastating earthquake, the true purpose of these underground Roman passages has been subject to varying interpretations. Contemporary consensus leans towards them being a cryptoporticus—a structural innovation of
1539:
Pomponii Melae De situ orbis libri III cum notis integris
Hermolai Barbari, Petri Joannis Olivarii, Fredenandi Nonii Pintiani, Petri Ciacconii, Andreae Schotti, Isaaci Vossii et Jacobi Gronovii, accedunt Petri Joannis Nunnesii Epistola de patria Pomponii Melae et adnotata... Et J. Perizonii
852:
1256:
1054:
859:
1068:
1682:
1082:
1155:
776:
1092:
2079:
255:
Earthquakes were documented in 60 BC, several between 47 and 44 BC, several in 33 AD, and a strong quake in 382 AD, but the exact amount of damage to the city is unknown.
1127:
1040:
663:
1714:
1096:
2369:“Marcas de oleiro” em terra sigillata da Praça da Figueira (Lisboa) : contribuição para o conhecimento da economia de Olisipo (séc. I a.C. – séc. II d.C.)
1312:
1131:
916:
659:
198:. He obtained the alliance of Olisipo (which sent men to fight alongside the Roman legions against the northwestern Celtic tribes) by integrating it into the
732:
are the most significant names. According to legend, the three were sons of a Roman senator, martyred in Lisbon in the 4th century, under the Roman governor
2125:
277:
1001:
1902:
349:
293:
2033:
1278:
1204:
930:
1072:
940:
209:. Local authorities were granted self-rule over a territory that extended 50 kilometres (31 miles). Exempt from taxes, its citizens (belonging to the
679:
2348:
1232:
958:
1689:
1260:
2298:
482:
1026:
893:
1511:
1058:
986:
79:
1274:
2388:
1016:
1012:
972:
2146:
1316:
1145:
1121:
1117:
944:
1113:
824:
1218:
1159:
1840:
733:
433:
2083:
1791:[“Potter’s marks” on terra sigillata in Praça da Figueira (Lisbon): contribution to knowledge of the economy of Olisipo]
1320:
288:
the Roman Empire times, used to stabilize and level the ground for significant constructions, particularly in uneven terrains.
1789:""Marcas de oleiro" em terra sigillata da Praça da Figueira (Lisboa): contribuição para o conhecimento da economia de Olisipo"
1463:
2363:
2353:
1584:
455:
912:
309:
2358:
1788:
2104:
1726:
1948:
443:
2213:
1969:
1657:
1295:
1242:
1841:"As "Pedras do Martírio" dos Santos Mártires de Lisboa: confirmação das observações de Carlos Ribeiro (1813-1882)"
1633:
1200:
926:
830:
809:
596:
also held some power. Petitions are recorded addressed to the governor of the province in
Emerita and to Emperor
195:
2012:
1457:
with the help of a native Roman governor named
Lucidius, but in effect Roman dominion over the city had ended.
470:
30:
1906:
1554:
1757:
864:
416:
2037:
1228:
649:
1683:"Centro Cultural de Cascais - Museu Nacional de Arqueologia - Museu Arqueológico de S. Miguel de Odrinhas"
838:
2235:
2383:
2302:
1816:
1475:
1420:
968:
412:(multi-storied apartment buildings) existed in the area between the modern castle hill and downtown.
273:
229:). Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus also fortified the city, building city walls as a defence against
1874:
1347:
1044:
903:
The territory includes the following Roman archaeological finds, known settlements or place names:
725:
671:
305:
67:
2277:
1927:
794:
2256:
2192:
2171:
2058:
1515:
1246:
521:
and technological advances, which allowed a boom in the trade with the newly Roman
Provinces of
1357:
1330:
1214:
844:
757:
729:
1772:
1537:
708:
Olisipo, like most great cities in the
Western Empire, was a centre for the dissemination of
375:
324:
2150:
1990:
210:
1141:
428:
388:
8:
713:
320:
1852:
1450:
by pretending to come in peace and, once admitted by the citizens, plundering the city.
767:
340:
1400:
954:
815:
354:
2368:
1492:
675:
608:
548:
The city was connected by a broad road to
Western Hispania's two other large cities,
408:
332:
214:
1005:
462:
419:
was strengthened in the 4th to 5th century AD, and around the city there were also
188:
1877:[Contribution to the characterization of the rural world of Olisiponense]
1431:) from 409 to 585, also controlled the region of Lisbon for long periods of time.
569:
167:
1616:
1592:
1424:
1393:
1187:
889:
885:
561:
549:
504:, a sort of fish sauce highly prized by the elites of the Empire and exported in
226:
774:), presented as one of the first martyr bishops of Lisbon and remembered in the
897:
689:
370:
249:
199:
132:
2377:
1334:
1324:
627:
593:
553:
534:
366:
94:
81:
2343:
1743:
1535:
1030:
1173:
990:
982:
709:
420:
400:
316:
252:. The city population is estimated to have been around 30,000 at the time.
156:
1270:
783:
At the end of Roman rule, Olisipo was one of the first
Christian cities.
749:
601:
589:
298:
230:
183:
the Romans decided to deprive
Carthage of its most valuable possession,
1399:, who controlled the region from 409 to 429. The city was taken by the
1169:
881:
741:
737:
383:
362:
206:
176:
1543:. apud Samuelem Luchtmans et Fil., Academiae typographos. p. 246.
424:
1454:
1443:
745:
697:
619:
581:
565:
522:
222:
191:
in eastern
Hispania, the pacification of western Hispania was led by
114:
2364:
Os mais recentes achados epigráficos do
Castelo de S. Jorge, Lisboa
1562:
1183:
801:
717:
685:
635:
623:
612:
597:
542:
526:
269:
184:
180:
57:
1774:
A Guide to Lisbon and Its Environs, Including Cintra and Mafra ...
763:
In the middle of the 4th century the Olisipo diocesis was formed.
1439:
1427:
and northern Portugal), with capital in Bracara Augusta (today's
1396:
1372:
1361:
1299:
1282:
1264:
1250:
1236:
1222:
1208:
678:, governor of Lusitania, visited the region. Between 200 and 209
641:
626:) and was on the verge of forming an independent province in the
506:
336:
301:
1628:
1626:
1587:[From the Greek Theater to the Roman Theater of Lisbon]
1447:
1435:
1404:
1365:
1351:
1177:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1103:
1086:
1076:
1062:
1048:
1034:
1020:
994:
976:
962:
948:
934:
920:
721:
518:
344:
241:
192:
152:
2080:"Field Work of Santo André de Almoçageme – Museum of Odrinhas"
1875:"Contributo para a caracterização do mundo rural olisiponense"
1623:
1428:
1416:
1389:
1109:
875:
753:
693:
615:
585:
557:
538:
530:
500:
328:
312:, were built in 44 AD. The building was renovated in 336 AD.
237:
120:
1306:
786:
221:), and the city was integrated within the Roman province of
1658:"Galerias Romanas: The Roman Galleries in Lisbon, Portugal"
1536:
Pomponius Mela; Gronovius; Schott; Núñez de Guzmán (1748).
517:
The city came to be very prosperous through suppression of
511:
403:
and hippodrome was built around the 3rd or 4th century AD.
1453:
In 468 the city of Lisbon was occupied by the Suebi under
666:) was one of the city aedils in the 1st or 2nd century AD.
1770:
514:
and the city's famously fast horses were also exported.
392:
and it is known that a large forum (probably in current
1617:"Sítio da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa: Página principal"
1717:[Capital of the Thermae Cassiorum of Olisipo]
1555:"Museuteatroromano.pt | Registrado en DonDominio"
1289:
1194:
1341:
906:
892:. Olisipo controlled a vast region, bordered by the
1758:"HispaniaEpigraphica Online Database - Record Card"
1512:"Museu da Cidade (Lisboa) » Portugal Romano"
618:. During this period, he organized the tribes of
361:church) and Idae Phrygiae (an uncommon cult from
2375:
2082:. Museuarqueologicodeodrinhas.pt. Archived from
1744:"O que a cave (Mal) esconde: Termas dos Cássios"
1529:
2233:
2010:
941:Archaeological Museum of São Miguel de Odrinhas
244:traders and slaves. Lisbon's name was written
1469:Kingdom of the Alans in Hispania (409-426 AD)
1388:Lisbon suffered invasions from the Sarmatian
276:(which was restored in 57 AD on the order of
1585:"Do Teatro Grego ao Teatro Romano de Lisboa"
674:, a governor, was in Olisipo. In 185 Sextus
600:, such as one requesting help dealing with "
386:from the 1st–4th centuries AD existed under
2325:
2316:
1378:
187:. After the defeat of the Carthaginians by
2013:"Ponte e via romana de Catribana (Sintra)"
1764:
1715:"Capitel das Thermae Cassiorum de Olisipo"
272:(63 BC to 14 AD) the Romans built a large
205:Between 31 BC and 27 BC the city became a
2354:Vias romanas – outros percursos em Sintra
1307:In the current Torres Vedras municipality
1257:Archaeological Site of Espigão das Ruivas
787:Roman architectural remains in the region
2036:. Arqueologia.igespar.pt. Archived from
1905:. Arqueologia.igespar.pt. Archived from
1027:Roman villa of Santo André de Almoçageme
724:killed during persecutions, such as the
604:" allegedly responsible for shipwrecks.
498:Economically, Olisipo was known for its
488:Rua dos Correeiros Archaeological Centre
171:Roman Hispania (Iberia) in approx. 10 AD
166:
2301:. Jornal das Autarquias. Archived from
2216:(in Portuguese). Igespar.pt. 1990-07-17
2034:"POC – Programa Operacional da Cultura"
1972:(in Portuguese). Igespar.pt. 1959-11-30
1903:"POC – Programa Operacional da Cultura"
1838:
1832:
1817:"Inscrições Romanas Do Termo De Loures"
1055:Roman villa of Barros do Casal Silvério
748:area, whose ruins still existed in the
584:council dominated by two families, the
2376:
692:of the city in 468, having helped the
2126:"Igespar Ip | Património |"
1712:
860:Aqueduto Romano de Olisipo na Amadora
319:were built in the city, dedicated to
283:The galleries underneath the current
151:) was the ancient name of modern-day
2359:Almoçageme e os itinerários das vias
2236:"Espigão das Ruivas – "Porto Touro""
1839:Cardoso, João Luís (November 2020).
1777:Simpkin, Marshall. pp. 212–214.
913:Archaeological Site of Alto da Vigia
682:, a governor, also came to Olisipo.
1290:In the current Amadora municipality
1195:In the current Cascais municipality
461:Roman theatre stone re-used in the
240:speakers lived a large minority of
13:
2389:Roman towns and cities in Portugal
1771:Joaquim Antonio de Macedo (1874).
1342:In the current Loures municipality
907:In the current Sintra municipality
537:to the tribes living by the river
533:, and through the introduction of
14:
2400:
2337:
1993:. Romanaqueducts.info. 2005-03-25
1069:Roman villa of Granja dos Serrões
744:. A temple was then built in the
720:(c. 356), and there were several
633:The city was administered by two
1474:
1462:
1296:Roman villa of Quinta da Bolacha
1243:Roman villa of Outeiro de Polima
1156:Roman villa of Lugar do Mercador
851:
837:
823:
808:
793:
510:to Rome and other cities. Wine,
481:
469:
454:
442:
36:
29:
2299:"Edição 43 – Loures e Odivelas"
2291:
2270:
2249:
2227:
2206:
2185:
2164:
2139:
2118:
2097:
2072:
2051:
2026:
2004:
1983:
1962:
1941:
1920:
1895:
1867:
1809:
1781:
1750:
1736:
1725:(in Portuguese). Archived from
1540:Adnotata... curante A. Gronovio
1481:Iberian Peninsula around 500 AD
1315:(another possible location for
1201:Roman villa of Alto da Cidreira
927:Archaeological Site of Colaride
831:Archaeological Site of Colaride
213:) were given the privileges of
196:Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus
37:
16:Lisbon, Portugal in Roman times
2234:Portugal Romano (2011-01-27).
2214:"Igespar Ip | Património"
2105:"Igespar Ip | Património"
2011:Portugal Romano (2011-09-18).
1970:"Igespar Ip | Património"
1706:
1675:
1650:
1609:
1577:
1547:
1504:
1083:Roman villa of Corrais do Chão
756:of the saints are kept in the
396:) and an aqueduct were built.
1:
2149:. Neoepica.pt. Archived from
1498:
730:Verissimus, Maxima, and Julia
575:
162:
1949:"Igespar Ip | Heritage"
1229:Roman villa of Casais Velhos
766:There is also the legend of
650:Lucius Iulius Maelo Caudicus
611:led a rebellion against the
263:
7:
2128:(in Portuguese). Igespar.pt
2107:(in Portuguese). Igespar.pt
1797:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt
1486:
703:
258:
248:in Latin by the geographer
113:Municipium Cives Romanorum
10:
2405:
1102:Roman site of Vila Velha (
493:
1851:: 129–133. Archived from
1421:Suebic Kingdom of Galicia
1128:Roman mine of Monte Suimo
1093:Roman villa of São Marcos
969:Roman bridge at Catribana
580:The city was ruled by an
476:Part of the old city wall
155:while it was part of the
73:
63:
53:
24:
1559:www.museuteatroromano.pt
1410:
1383:
1379:Fall of the Roman Empire
1348:Roman villa of Almoinhas
1120:, possible location for
726:Diocletianic Persecution
672:Lucius Statius Quadratus
607:Around 80 BC, the Roman
306:Quintus Cassius Longinus
95:38.7122204°N 9.1339731°W
68:Lisbon metropolitan area
1041:Roman villa of Amoreira
888:and the three roads to
740:in the time of Emperor
2349:Museu do Teatro Romano
1419:, who established the
1358:Roman villa of Frielas
1331:Roman villa of Freiria
1215:Roman villa of Vilares
845:Roman villa of Frielas
777:Nossa Senhora do Monte
664:Lucius Iulius Reburrus
656:in the 1st century AD.
236:Among the majority of
233:raids and rebellions.
179:, after the defeat of
172:
100:38.7122204; -9.1339731
1446:. The raiders sacked
900:rivers in the north.
712:. Its first attested
170:
45:Shown within Portugal
2238:. Portugalromano.com
2015:. Portugalromano.com
1442:led a large raid on
1313:Roman baths of Cucos
1247:São Domingos de Rana
1132:Serra da Carregueira
670:Between 140 and 150
660:Lucius Iulius Iustus
556:(today's Portuguese
449:Lisbon Roman theatre
1991:"Lisboa (Portugal)"
1634:"Revista Municipal"
1045:São João das Lampas
552:in the province of
541:in the interior of
268:During the time of
225:(whose capital was
91: /
21:
1713:Fernandes, Lidia.
1662:Roman Empire Times
1438:was still ruling,
1097:São Marcos, Sintra
955:Roman dam of Belas
816:Roman dam of Belas
406:Buildings such as
278:Caius Heius Primus
173:
19:
2384:History of Lisbon
1883:repositorio.ul.pt
1493:History of Lisbon
1142:Fountain of Armés
676:Tigidius Perennis
609:Quintus Sertorius
564:, the capital of
389:Praça da Figueira
350:Largo da Madalena
294:Thermae Cassiorum
215:Roman citizenship
110:
109:
2396:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1855:on 4 August 2021
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1688:. Archived from
1687:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1591:. Archived from
1590:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1561:. Archived from
1551:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1514:. Archived from
1508:
1478:
1466:
1371:Roman bridge at
1279:Manique de Baixo
1205:Alto da Cidreira
1011:Roman bridge at
1006:Colares (Sintra)
1000:Roman bridge at
931:Alto de Colaride
868:
855:
841:
827:
812:
797:
485:
473:
463:Lisbon Cathedral
458:
446:
219:Civium Romanorum
189:Scipio Africanus
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
40:
39:
33:
22:
18:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2374:
2373:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2280:. Monumentos.pt
2276:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2259:. Monumentos.pt
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2195:. Monumentos.pt
2191:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2174:. Monumentos.pt
2170:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2061:. Monumentos.pt
2057:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1930:. Monumentos.pt
1926:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1534:
1530:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1470:
1467:
1413:
1386:
1381:
1344:
1309:
1292:
1197:
1188:Serra de Sintra
1002:Várzea de Baixo
917:Praia das Maçãs
909:
890:Emerita Augusta
886:Bracara Augusta
873:The city was a
869:
862:
856:
847:
842:
833:
828:
819:
813:
804:
800:Roman roads in
798:
789:
706:
688:was the native
680:Junius Celanius
652:was one of the
578:
562:Emerita Augusta
550:Bracara Augusta
496:
489:
486:
477:
474:
465:
459:
450:
447:
266:
261:
227:Emerita Augusta
165:
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
49:
48:
47:
46:
43:
42:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2338:External links
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2147:"Sem título 0"
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1732:on 2014-04-07.
1723:www.igespar.pt
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758:Santos-o-Velho
705:
702:
690:Roman governor
668:
667:
657:
630:when he died.
577:
574:
525:(particularly
495:
492:
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453:
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394:Largo dos Lóis
371:Vestal Virgins
347:(near current
310:Lucius Cassius
265:
262:
260:
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250:Pomponius Mela
200:Roman Republic
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2014:
2007:
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1971:
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1943:
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991:Rio de Mouro
983:Roman bridge
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710:Christianity
707:
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157:Roman Empire
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2344:Olisipo map
1271:Roman villa
894:Alcabrichel
863: [
768:Saint Ginés
750:Middle Ages
572:in Spain).
359:São Nicolau
341:castle hill
202:in 138 BC.
175:During the
131: ; in
98: /
74:Coordinates
2378:Categories
2309:2011-10-28
2284:2011-10-28
2263:2011-10-28
2242:2011-10-28
2220:2011-10-28
2199:2011-10-28
2178:2011-10-28
2157:2011-10-28
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2111:2011-10-28
2090:2011-10-28
2065:2011-10-28
2044:2011-10-28
2019:2011-10-28
1997:2011-10-28
1976:2011-10-28
1955:2011-10-28
1934:2011-10-28
1913:2011-10-28
1888:2024-05-31
1825:2011-10-28
1802:2024-05-31
1699:2011-11-17
1668:2024-04-27
1643:2024-05-31
1602:2011-11-19
1569:15 January
1522:2011-11-19
1499:References
1059:Montelavar
1031:Almoçageme
987:Albarraque
882:Roman road
742:Diocletian
738:Tarquinius
576:Government
529:) and the
384:necropolis
365:), to the
363:Asia Minor
231:Lusitanian
207:municipium
177:Punic wars
163:Background
149:Olissipóna
145:Ὀλισσιπόνα
83:38°42′44″N
1455:Remismund
1444:Lusitania
1401:Visigoths
1017:Cheleiros
1013:Cheleiros
973:Catribana
746:Campolide
698:Remismund
620:Lusitania
566:Lusitania
523:Britannia
429:Alcântara
417:city wall
357:(current
325:Concordia
264:Buildings
246:Ulyssippo
223:Lusitania
141:Olissipṓn
137:Ὀλισσιπών
129:Ulyssippo
115:Felicitas
86:9°08′02″W
1859:4 August
1845:Al-Madan
1487:See also
1423:(modern
1407:in 419.
1394:Germanic
1392:and the
1317:Chretina
1146:Terrugem
1122:Chretina
1118:Terrugem
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780:chapel.
772:São Gens
760:Church.
704:Religion
686:Lucidius
662:(son of
654:duumviri
639:and two
636:duumviri
624:Hispania
613:dictator
598:Tiberius
594:Caecilli
588:and the
543:Hispania
527:Cornwall
507:amphorae
382:A large
339:(on the
315:Several
270:Augustus
259:The city
185:Hispania
181:Hannibal
125:Olisippo
58:Portugal
54:Location
1440:Maldras
1425:Galicia
1397:Vandals
1373:Frielas
1362:Frielas
1300:Amadora
1283:Cascais
1275:Miroiço
1265:Cascais
1251:Cascais
1237:Cascais
1223:Cascais
1219:Murches
1209:Cascais
1186:Lunae (
1172:Lunae (
1160:Mucifal
880:of the
878:viarium
722:martyrs
642:aediles
590:Cassiae
560:), and
494:Economy
425:Sacavém
421:bridges
409:insulae
369:and to
337:Minerva
321:Jupiter
317:temples
299:Cassian
274:theatre
20:Olisipo
1639:. 1951
1448:Lisbon
1436:Framta
1405:Wallia
1403:under
1366:Loures
1352:Loures
1178:Sintra
1164:Sintra
1150:Sintra
1136:Sintra
1104:Sintra
1087:Sintra
1077:Sintra
1063:Sintra
1049:Sintra
1035:Sintra
1021:Sintra
995:Sintra
977:Sintra
963:Sintra
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921:Sintra
754:relics
752:. The
734:Ageian
714:Bishop
696:under
592:. The
570:Mérida
519:piracy
434:villae
431:) and
401:circus
376:Chelas
355:Tethys
345:Cybele
193:Consul
153:Lisbon
64:Region
1879:(PDF)
1820:(PDF)
1793:(PDF)
1730:(PDF)
1719:(PDF)
1693:(PDF)
1686:(PDF)
1637:(PDF)
1596:(PDF)
1589:(PDF)
1429:Braga
1417:Suebi
1411:Suebi
1390:Alans
1384:Alans
1321:Cucos
1233:Areia
1114:Faião
1110:Vicus
959:Belas
876:caput
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694:Suebi
622:(and
616:Sulla
586:Julii
568:(now
558:Braga
539:Tagus
531:Rhine
501:garum
333:Diana
329:Livia
302:Baths
242:Greek
238:Latin
143:, or
133:Greek
121:Latin
1861:2021
1571:2022
1184:Mons
896:and
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