1791:(r. 395–423), promised the Visigoths a home in southwest Gaul if they destroyed the invaders in Spain. They all but wiped out the Silingi and Alans. The remnant joined the Asding Vandals who had settled first in the northwest with the Sueves but south to Baetica. It is a mystery why the Visigoths were recalled by patrician Constantius (who in 418 married Honorius' sister who had been married briefly to the Visigothic king Ataulf). The Visigoths, the remnants of the two tribes who joined them and the Sueves were confined to a small area in the northwest of the peninsula. The diocese may even have been re-established with its capital at Mérida in 418. The Roman attempt under General Castorius to dislodge the Vandals from Cordoba failed in 422.
726:
3346:
2233:
1850:
level (which was practically moribund) the task of maintaining formal education and government shifted to the Church from the old ruling class of educated aristocrats and gentry. The clergy, for the most part, emerged as the qualified personnel to manage higher administration in concert with local powerful notables who gradually displaced the old town councils. As elsewhere in early medieval Europe, the church in
Hispania stood as society's most cohesive institution. The Visigoths are also responsible for the introduction of mainstream Christianity to the Iberian peninsula; the earliest representation of
72:
1905:– that proclaimed the imperial sovereignty and unity of the Visigothic state were introduced at Toledo. Still, civil war, royal assassinations, and usurpation were commonplace, and warlords and great landholders assumed wide discretionary powers. Bloody family feuds went unchecked. The Visigoths had acquired and cultivated the apparatus of the Roman state but not the ability to make it operate to their advantage. In the absence of a well-defined hereditary system of succession to the throne, rival factions encouraged foreign intervention by the
1967:
1058:
2846:
753:
741:
3275:
765:
4179:
1710:
4193:
1702:
1347:
2392:
1512:. Agricultural production increased with the introduction of irrigation projects, some of which remain in use today. The Romanized Iberian populations and the Iberian-born descendants of Roman soldiers and colonists had all achieved the status of full Roman citizenship by the end of the 1st century. The Iberian denarii, also called
1798:
crossed over to North Africa in 429, an event which is considered to have been decisive in hastening the decline of the
Western Roman Empire. However, their departure allowed the Romans to recover 90% of the Iberian peninsula until 439. After the departure of the Vandals only the Sueves remained in a
1849:
Under the
Visigoths, culture was not as highly developed as it had been under Roman rule, when a goal of higher education had been to prepare gentlemen to take their places in municipal and imperial administration. With the collapse of the imperial administrative super-structure above the provincial
1689:. Bishops who had official civil as well as ecclesiastical status in the late empire continued to exercise their authority to maintain order when civil governments broke down there in the 5th century. The Council of Bishops became an important instrument of stability during the ascendancy of the
4490:, is "lo meylor Regne Despanya, el pus honrat, el pus noble" ("the best kingdom of Spain, the most honest, the most noble"); when it talks about the conflict that has existed for long "entre los sarrains e los chrestians, en Espanya" ("between Saracens and Christians, in Spain").
1676:
was introduced into
Hispania in the 1st century and it became popular in the cities in the 2nd century. However, little headway was made in the countryside, until the late 4th century, by which time Christianity was the official religion of the Roman Empire. Some
1001:. You, by right, are now the queen of all provinces, from whom the lights are given not only the sunset, but also the East. You are the honor and ornament of the orb and the most illustrious portion of the Earth ... And for this reason, long ago, the golden
4481:
When it talks about the different Kings, "los V regnes de
Espanya" ("The 5 Kingdoms of Spain"); when it talks about a military fort built by the Christians saying that it is "de los meylors de Espanya" ("from the best of Spain"); when it declared that
1803:
late the same year. Rome made attempts to restore control in 446 and 458. Success was temporary. After the death of emperor
Majorian in 461 Roman authority collapsed except in Tarraconensis the northeastern quadrant of the peninsula. The Visigoths, a
4734:
de Silva, A. J. M. (2012), Vivre au-delà du fleuve de l'Oubli. Portrait de la communauté villageoise du Castro do Vieito au moment de l'intégration du NO de la péninsule ibérique dans l'orbis
Romanum (estuaire du Rio Lima, NO du Portugal), Oxford,
1079:
Latin was the official language of
Hispania during Roman rule, which exceeded 600 years. By the empire's end in Hispania around 460 AD, all the original Iberian languages, except the ancestor of modern Basque, were extinct. Even after the
1808:, whose kingdom was located in southwest Gaul, took the province when they occupied Tarragona in 472. They also confined the Sueves who had ruled most of the region to Galicia and northern Portugal. In 484 the Visigoths established
1396:, and Hispania was divided into three separately governed provinces, and nine provinces by the 4th century. More importantly, Hispania was for 500 years part of a cosmopolitan world empire bound together by law, language, and the
2333:, and wines were some of the goods produced in Hispania and traded throughout the Empire. Gold mining was the most important activity in the north-west parts of the peninsula. This activity is attested in archaeological sites as
1416:
Some of the peninsula's population were admitted into the Roman aristocratic class and they participated in governing
Hispania and the Roman Empire, although there was a native aristocracy class who ruled each local tribe. The
2492:
El Housin Helal
Ouriachen, 2009, La ciudad bética durante la Antigüedad Tardía. Persistencias y mutaciones locales en relación con la realidad urbana del Mediterraneo y del Atlántico, Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Granada,
548:
is very disputed. The evidence for the various speculations is based merely upon what are at best mere resemblances, likely to be accidental, and suspect supporting evidence. The most commonly held theory holds it to be of
1472:), and reduced other native cities to mere villages. The peninsula's economy expanded under Roman tutelage. Hispania served as a granary and a major source of metals for the Roman market, and its harbors exported
2474:
Editorial Volvntad, S.A., Tomo primero, Vol. I Serie E. Madrid 1928. Melón was a member of the Royal Geographical Society of Madrid and a professor of geography at the Universities of Valladolid and Madrid. (In
2243:
In the 3rd century, under the Soldier Emperors, Hispania Nova (the northwestern corner of Spain) was split off from Tarraconensis, as a small province but the home of the only permanent legion in Hispania,
1877:
Visigothic overlords, whom the former considered heretical. At times this tension invited open rebellion, and restive factions within the Visigothic aristocracy exploited it to weaken the monarchy. In 589,
2320:
Before the Punic Wars, Hispania was a land with much untapped mineral and agricultural wealth, limited by the primitive subsistence economies of its native peoples outside of a few trading ports along the
1586:
1799:
northwest corner of the peninsula. Roman rule which had survived in the eastern quadrant was restored over most of Iberia until the Sueves occupied Mérida in 439, a move which coincides to the Vandal
1812:
as the capital of their kingdom. Successive Visigothic kings ruled Hispania as patricians who held imperial commissions to govern in the name of the Roman emperor. In 585 the Visigoths conquered the
1838:
to take back the peninsula from the Visigoths. This short-lived reconquest recovered only a small strip of land along the Mediterranean coast roughly corresponding to the ancient province of
7426:
7421:
1579:
6991:
4731:
2356:
6749:
4598:
La presencia de fenicios en la antigua Sevilla parece constatada por el topónimo Spal que en diversas lenguas semíticas significa "zona baja", "llanura verde" o "valle profundo"
2460:. Colección Austral de Espasa Calpe S.A., Madrid 1945 (first edition 8-XI-1945). García y Bellido was an archeologist and a professor at the University of Madrid. (In Spanish.)
2359:. Roman Spain experienced its three phases: the most humid interval in 550–190 BC, an arid interval in 190 BC–150 AD and another humid period in 150–350. In 134 BC the army of
71:
7446:
5409:
4634:
1572:
6996:
3724:
1898:
and the native Hispano-Romans. This alliance would not mark the last time in the history of the peninsula that political unity would be sought through religious unity.
1543:
managed to control Hispania Ulterior. Hispania was divided into three provinces in the 1st century BC. In the imperial era, three Roman emperors were born in Hispania:
7451:
2363:
in Spain had to march at night due to extreme heat, when some of its horses and mules died of thirst (even though earlier, in 181 BC, heavy spring rains prevented the
390:
376:
362:
337:
2282:), after the abolition of the imperial Tetrarchs under the Western Emperor (in Rome itself, later Ravenna). The diocese, with its capital at Emerita Augusta (modern
1358:
Roman armies invaded the Iberian peninsula in 218 BC and used it as a training ground for officers and as a proving ground for tactics during campaigns against the
4745:
Celia Martín-Puertas; et al. (March 2009). "The Iberian–Roman Humid Period (2600–1600 cal yr BP) in the Zoñar Lake varve record (Andalucía, southern Spain)".
602:
and therefore closely related to each other). Some Roman coins of the Emperor Hadrian, born in Hispania, depict Hispania and a rabbit. Others derive the word from
3740:
7001:
6678:
5785:
3382:
5120:
4909:
4546:
Living floors: The animal world in the mosaics of Israel and its surroundings / Ami Tamir,(Tel-Aviv, 2019),131;רצפות חיות: עולם החי בפסיפסי ארץ ישראל וסביבתה
3930:
2446:
1017:
have become increasingly associated with the Kingdom of Spain alone, although this process took several centuries. After the union of the central peninsular
4822:
1041:. Navarre followed soon after in 1512, and Portugal, after over 400 years as an independent and sovereign nation, in 1580. During this time, the concept of
4952:
2368:
985:
1208:
3946:
1974:
During the first stages of Romanization, the peninsula was divided in two by the Romans for administrative purposes. The closest one to Rome was called
7411:
7235:
5780:
2970:
7396:
1657:
This Hispania produces tough soldiers, very skilled captains, prolific speakers, luminous bards. It is a mother of judges and princes; it has given
1328:
colonization. These two processes defined Iberia's cultural landscape – Mediterranean towards the southeast and Continental in the northwest.
5402:
2800:
Temples and Towns of Roman Iberia: The Social and Architectural Dynamics of Sanctuary Designs from the Third century B.C. to the Third century A.D.
7456:
6813:
6743:
1259:
5026:
7230:
3303:
7149:
5256:
5395:
1562:, a Gallic rhetorician, dedicated part of his work to the depiction of the geography, climate and inhabitants of the peninsula, writing:
3682:
4415:
4247:
4225:
3047:
2867:
1117:
7292:
3178:
482:. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, initially as Hispania Nova, which was later renamed "Callaecia" (or
6734:
4945:
3986:
2431:. Tomo I. Barcelona, 1900. Altamira was a professor at the University of Oviedo, a member of the Royal Academy of History, of the
664:(Greek for 'city of the sun'). However, according to modern research by Manuel Pellicer Catalán, the name derives from Phoenician
7267:
4897:
3410:
1596:
1337:
939:, written between 1208 and 1276, there are many instances of this. The borders of modern Spain do not coincide with those of the
5054:
2213:
made a new division which lasted only a short time. He split Hispania Citerior again into two parts, creating the new provinces
7461:
7018:
6542:
5226:
4093:
4017:
3801:
119:
4080:
7287:
3856:
2761:
2086:
4569:
3516:
2329:
deposits developed Hispania into a thriving multifaceted economy. Several metals, olives, oil from Baetica, salted fish and
997:, holy and always happy mother of princes and peoples, the most beautiful of all the lands that extend far from the West to
5473:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
5006:
4830:
4688:
3555:
3375:
6655:
4938:
4103:
4057:
3057:
3042:
3020:
2977:
1392:
proceeded quickly in some regions where there are references to the togati, and very slowly in others, after the time of
4650:
3444:
3162:
3075:
7406:
6940:
5915:
4982:
4802:
3168:
2210:
5063:
3904:
1858:. It also embodied the continuity of Roman order. Native Hispano-Romans continued to run the civil administration and
7028:
6064:
4698:
4522:
3296:
5302:
5246:
4512:
3149:
6781:
6620:
5292:
4823:"Climate Change during and after the Roman Empire: Reconstructing the Past from Scientific and Historical Evidence"
3587:
2997:
2286:), comprised the five peninsular Iberian provinces (Baetica, Gallaecia and Lusitania, each under a governor styled
1081:
5387:
4930:
7441:
7401:
7043:
6986:
6856:
6808:
6803:
6776:
6739:
6645:
6489:
5740:
5284:
5279:
4863:
4835:
4064:
3896:
3223:
3110:
2569:, written between the years 29 and 7 BC and touched up in AD 18. The most prestigious and widely used edition is
2027:
4610:
5808:
5732:
5721:
5081:
4665:
4442:
4218:
3265:
3242:
1273:
brought changes to the human landscape of Iberia (from the 5th millennium BC onwards), with the development of
2453:, created under the direction of Ramón Menéndez Pidal. Editorial Espasa-Calpe S.A., Madrid 1935. (In Spanish.)
1427:), large estates controlled by the aristocracy, were superimposed on the existing Iberian landholding system.
7416:
7058:
6876:
6650:
5875:
5509:
5211:
3962:
3717:
3595:
3207:
3186:
2442:. Editorial Espasa Calpe, S.A. Madrid, 1954. Camón was a professor at the University of Madrid. (In Spanish.)
2267:
1835:
419:
5016:
3097:
2570:
1212:
6981:
6945:
6771:
6312:
5418:
5348:
5216:
5196:
5128:
4410:
4242:
4137:
3650:
3634:
3490:
3289:
3227:
3211:
3124:
2952:
2922:
2825:
1744:
7048:
6572:
5795:
4978:
4164:
3776:
3092:
2947:
2915:
2401:
1045:
was still unchanged. It was after the restoration of Portugal's independence in 1640 when the concept of
725:
5307:
3345:
6908:
6605:
6535:
5201:
4111:
4085:
3539:
3027:
2872:
1559:
660:
247:
76:
Timeline of the Roman conquest of Hispania (220 BC–19 BC), with Roman provincial boundaries shown
5266:
4576:
3532:
2302:, which were detached from Tarraconensis during Diocletian's reign, and the North African province of
2122:
7436:
7302:
7082:
7008:
6754:
6698:
6693:
5992:
5934:
5745:
5251:
4483:
4211:
4147:
4132:
4025:
3970:
3325:
3231:
3173:
3082:
3062:
2643:
2432:
2407:
1887:
1813:
918:
20:
5115:
4887:
1516:
by Roman soldiers, circulated until the 1st century BC, after which it was replaced by Roman coins.
688:
7277:
6923:
6798:
6595:
6332:
6317:
6141:
5870:
5817:
5813:
5775:
5707:
5528:
5191:
5168:
3880:
3872:
3809:
3483:
3426:
3219:
2877:
2058:
1800:
1465:
1341:
1308:
occurred. These were later (7th and 5th centuries BC) followed by others that can be identified as
169:
1404:
wrote that the soldiers from the Second Legion had become Hispanicized and regarded themselves as
769:
7038:
6896:
6635:
6136:
6083:
6020:
5860:
5850:
5679:
5649:
5011:
4987:
3923:
3136:
2589:
translation (with Greek text) is H.L. Jones, vol. I–VIII, London 1917ff., ND London 1931ff.
2350:
2232:
1389:
1305:
611:, meaning 'hidden', and make it indicate "a hidden", that is, "a remote", or "far-distant land".
499:
158:
5236:
4877:
4420:
2746:
The Romanization of Central Spain: Complexity, Diversity, and Change in a Provincial Hinterland.
1099:, and the regional changes which led to the modern Iberian Romance languages had already begun.
889:, among others, to refer to Roman Hispania or Visigothic Hispania was common throughout all the
6976:
6625:
6615:
6342:
5669:
5068:
4364:
4098:
3825:
3626:
3130:
3037:
2987:
1623:
717:
479:
410:
55:
6819:
5343:
5231:
5221:
4795:
The Romanization of Central Spain: Complexity, Diversity and Change in a Provincial Hinterland
3793:
3355:
1535:("Farther Hispania"). The long wars of conquest lasted two centuries, and only by the time of
1223:
1187:
reached its maximum extent, during the 30th millennium BC, these modern humans took refuge in
7315:
7272:
7169:
7129:
7104:
6913:
6861:
6528:
6357:
6126:
5939:
5865:
5458:
4152:
4142:
4072:
3864:
3249:
3215:
3087:
1870:
1725:
1718:
1619:
3658:
2114:
1819:
A century later, taking advantage of a struggle for the throne between the Visigothic kings
1721:
in 406. After three years of depredation and wandering about northern and western Gaul, the
7202:
7134:
7124:
6971:
6930:
6918:
6585:
6495:
6012:
5664:
5496:
5466:
5158:
5077:
4992:
4756:
4342:
4325:
3848:
3603:
3451:
3156:
3007:
2957:
2892:
2669:
2651:
2509:
2372:
2303:
1932:
domination of the zone that the idea of a peninsular unity is sought after, and the phrase
1134:
890:
829:
507:
369:
1564:
8:
7252:
7139:
7119:
7109:
6891:
6866:
6630:
6501:
6456:
6274:
6264:
5926:
5755:
5702:
5697:
5470:
5331:
5132:
5105:
4747:
4713:
Kulikowski, M. The Career of the 'comes Hispanarum' Asterius, Phoenix, 2000a,54: 123-141.
4437:
4320:
4274:
4257:
3841:
3674:
3431:
3387:
3202:
2834:
2315:
2254:
2043:
1855:
1184:
1161:
1074:
1034:
954:
757:
599:
554:
342:
257:
4760:
1747:, a Roman usurper. The Suevi established a kingdom in Gallaecia in what is today modern
7247:
7242:
7144:
7114:
7063:
6903:
6886:
6825:
6722:
6688:
6580:
6352:
6327:
6234:
6209:
6098:
5982:
5832:
5644:
5441:
5362:
5171:
5162:
4772:
4347:
3954:
3767:
3758:
3571:
3459:
3362:
3254:
2942:
2897:
2862:
2734:
Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World 24. Leiden, The Netherlands, and Boston: Brill.
2635:
2538:
2299:
2126:
2118:
1925:
1862:
continued to be the language of government and of commerce on behalf of the Visigoths.
1788:
1113:
1030:
1018:
980:
944:
615:
521:
503:
355:
3749:
3642:
2011:
947:, and thus medieval Spain and modern Spain exist in separate contexts. The Latin term
684:'western land' had already been used by the Greeks to refer to the Italian peninsula.
7391:
7262:
7174:
7159:
7154:
7094:
7033:
7023:
6935:
6844:
6830:
6786:
6765:
6703:
6479:
6186:
6176:
6171:
6075:
6045:
5842:
5692:
5583:
5573:
5548:
5543:
5321:
5001:
4798:
4694:
4518:
4359:
4354:
4262:
4252:
3978:
3817:
3732:
3118:
3032:
2992:
2937:
2757:
2663:
2360:
2322:
2051:
2034:
2015:
1994:
1942:
1531:
1525:
1251:
1231:
1192:
1157:
1062:
1038:
1026:
1022:
976:
930:
926:
745:
498:(AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as
463:
459:
447:
106:
97:
4776:
2113:. It included a little less territory than present-day Andalusia—since modern
2110:
2096:
in that same year returned to make a new division leaving the provinces as follows:
1095:, Latin was spoken by nearly all of the population, but in its common form known as
92:
7356:
7349:
7194:
7053:
6959:
6881:
6791:
6759:
6673:
6563:
6555:
6415:
6410:
6367:
6322:
6229:
5974:
5964:
5954:
5902:
5639:
5631:
5417:
5370:
5101:
5035:
4966:
4960:
4764:
4454:
4379:
4303:
4279:
3334:
2932:
2855:
2655:
2586:
2573:'s, published in Paris at the end of the 19th century, one volume, with 2 columns,
2551:
2245:
2105:
1983:
1839:
1828:
1678:
1615:
1610:
1204:
1085:
1066:
935:
872:
651:
647:
623:
88:
2283:
2158:
1457:
843:('reconquest') of Spain, is believed to be the first extended history of Spain in
7431:
7222:
7217:
7013:
6708:
6640:
6395:
6385:
6292:
6244:
6199:
6118:
6040:
6025:
5944:
5687:
5591:
5563:
5538:
5520:
5316:
5261:
5146:
5137:
5109:
5049:
4583:
4514:
A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic
4487:
4308:
4041:
4002:
3692:
3279:
2699:
2687:
2659:
2582:
2194:
2154:
2019:
1891:
1805:
1748:
1722:
1644:
1383:
1351:
1247:
1196:
1188:
1172:
1140:
958:
729:
692:
595:
583:
487:
101:
5176:
4768:
2185:(Tarragona). After gaining maximum importance this province was simply known as
1982:. The frontier between both was a sinuous line which ran from Cartago Nova (now
1230:
that lessened the harsh conditions of the Ice Age. The populations sheltered in
893:. A document dated 1292 mentions the names of foreigners from Medieval Spain as
7365:
7282:
7257:
7184:
7099:
6683:
6610:
6405:
6400:
6390:
6337:
6282:
6093:
5987:
5959:
5949:
5827:
5616:
5611:
5568:
5558:
5481:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
5358:
5352:
5334:
5287:
5179:
5154:
5031:
5021:
4882:
4197:
4009:
3938:
3701:
3619:
3563:
2774:
Edited by Simon Keay and Nicola Terrenato, 117–144. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
2631:
2596:
2574:
2558:
Other classical sources have been accessed second-hand (see references above):
1987:
1902:
1686:
1682:
1629:
1325:
1294:
1239:
965:
and political name, continued to be used geographically and politically in the
940:
642:) who felt that this might strongly hint at an ancient name for the country of
635:
550:
455:
451:
438:
430:
41:
4636:
A System of Ancient and Mediæval Geography for the Use of Schools and Colleges
4588:. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla. 1998. p. 93
2723:
Abad Casal, Lorenzo, Simon Keay, and Sebastián F. Ramallo Asensio, eds. 2006.
2371:). Through the 2nd century AD warm temperatures dominated particularly in the
2334:
1966:
1057:
7385:
7323:
7179:
6287:
6239:
6204:
6194:
6103:
5803:
5606:
5601:
5553:
5533:
5462:
5446:
5338:
5087:
5040:
4997:
4033:
3579:
3002:
2982:
2691:
2396:
2338:
2279:
2259:
2177:
1809:
1639:
1634:
1452:
1321:
511:
190:
134:
121:
5188:
7370:
7328:
7212:
7068:
6485:
6302:
6297:
6249:
6035:
6002:
5997:
5822:
5596:
5474:
5366:
5297:
5241:
5150:
5097:
5059:
5045:
4962:
4337:
4183:
3052:
2625:
2621:
2382:
to 180. After about 200 the temperatures fluctuated, trending toward cool.
2364:
1866:
1673:
1666:
1552:
1540:
1290:
1180:
1152:
entered Iberia and eventually took refuge from the advancing migrations of
1128:
1123:
1096:
443:
233:
173:
2325:. Occupation by the Carthaginians and then by the Romans for its abundant
2061:
divided Hispania into three parts, namely dividing Hispania Ulterior into
7310:
7207:
6600:
6508:
6380:
6347:
6259:
6214:
6088:
6030:
5376:
5326:
5274:
5206:
5142:
4427:
4315:
4291:
3547:
3506:
2845:
2751:
2505:
2458:
España y los españoles hace dos mil años (según la Geografía de Estrabón)
2038:
comprised the eastern part of former Castilla la Vieja, and what are now
2007:
1831:
1367:
1274:
1200:
1149:
1145:
844:
839:
752:
716:, who is mentioned for the first time in the work of the Roman historian
701:'lip', but also 'border, edge', thus meaning the farthest area or place.
687:
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Jesuits scholars like Larramendi and
6375:
6219:
5621:
5450:
5183:
5073:
4585:
SPAL: Revista de prehistoria y arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla
4404:
3498:
2927:
2523:
2288:
1824:
1519:
Hispania was separated into two provinces (in 197 BC), each ruled by a
1419:
1397:
1301:
1235:
1227:
1219:
881:
740:
529:
491:
467:
1759:
Vandals, also established a kingdom in another part of Gallaecia. The
1285:
and had one of its oldest and main centres in the territory of modern
1049:
started to shift and be applied to all the Peninsula except Portugal.
975:, 'Praise to Hispania', to describe the history of the peoples of the
7164:
6871:
6161:
6050:
5659:
5654:
5269:
4925:
4399:
4374:
4369:
4268:
2887:
2882:
2617:
2249:
2237:
2190:
2162:
2149:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2047:
1999:
1947:
1929:
1918:
1764:
1737:
1690:
1497:
1439:
1371:
1317:
1313:
1270:
1088:
962:
704:
During Antiquity and Middle Ages, the literary texts derive the term
603:
495:
483:
475:
183:
1693:. The last vestiges of (Western·classical) Roman rule ended in 472.
1400:. But the impact of Hispania on the newcomers was also substantial.
764:
6507: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
6254:
6224:
6146:
5855:
5770:
5478:
5125:
5092:
4432:
4298:
4286:
2613:
2275:
2202:
2198:
2166:
2138:
2093:
2078:
2023:
2003:
1895:
1883:
1874:
1776:
1768:
1756:
1752:
1536:
1447:
1393:
1379:
1363:
1359:
1286:
1278:
558:
516:
2788:
Ancient Society and History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
1787:. In an effort to retrieve the region, the Western Roman emperor,
1783:
Vandals briefly occupied parts of South Iberia in the province of
1312:. Eventually urban cultures developed in southern Iberia, such as
1203:
became extinct and local modern human cultures thrived, producing
6520:
6451:
6307:
6166:
6108:
5871:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
5765:
5760:
5750:
4332:
3888:
2606:
2592:
2395:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2294:
2182:
2062:
1951:
1914:
1879:
1854:
in Spanish religious art can be found in a Visigothic hermitage,
1820:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1733:
1662:
1548:
1520:
1243:
1176:
1169:
627:
562:
471:
221:
110:
4651:"Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names"
1865:
Religion was the most persistent source of friction between the
1743:
moved into Iberia in September or October 409 at the request of
6461:
4898:
Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
4389:
3467:
2902:
2748:
Routledge Classical Monographs. London and New York: Routledge.
2562:
2326:
2039:
1910:
1906:
1851:
1843:
1658:
1544:
1481:
1431:
1401:
1282:
1165:
966:
894:
884:
713:
591:
383:
209:
4903:
2355:
Precipitation levels were unusually high during the so-called
2125:
were left outside—plus the southern zone of present-day
1382:(r. 27 BC–AD 14) was able to complete the conquest (see
859:('Spaniards') to refer to Medieval Hispania. The use of Latin
6551:
6156:
6151:
6131:
4722:
E.A. Thompson, The Visigoths in Spain, 1969 pp. 114–131.
4449:
4394:
4384:
2578:
2330:
1955:
1859:
1795:
1760:
1740:
1729:
1709:
1701:
1509:
1493:
1375:
1346:
1263:
1255:
1153:
1092:
1046:
1042:
998:
994:
794:
789:
525:
502:, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the
154:
47:
4915:
2141:, from Wadi-Anas) separated Hispania Baetica from Lusitania.
1685:, but overall the local bishops remained subordinate to the
822:, are not easily interchangeable, depending on context. The
2706:
2681:
2610:
2414:
2271:
1594:
1505:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1473:
1309:
1061:
Linguistic map: This shows the Linguistic variation of the
1002:
709:
424:
5465:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
4537:
Zvi Herman, קרתגו המעצמה הימית (Massadah Ltd, 1963), 105.
4416:
Timeline of the Muslim Occupation of the Iberian peninsula
2770:
Keay, Simon J. 2001. "Romanization and the Hispaniae." In
2730:
Bowes, Kim, and Michael Kulikowski, eds. and trans. 2005.
2489:, Volumen II. Editorial Debate, Madrid 1994. (In Spanish.)
1304:, the first wave of migrations into Iberia of speakers of
1717:
The undoing of Roman Spain was the result of four tribes
1477:
7427:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
7422:
States and territories established in the 3rd century BC
2512:, which was accessed in the version of 27 February 2005.
2465:
História de Portugal. Primeiro Volume: Antes de Portugal
1122:
The Iberian peninsula has long been inhabited, first by
680:'farthest western land' by Roman writers since the name
470:, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces,
2772:
Italy and the West: Comparative Issues in Romanization.
2752:
Jesús Bermejo Tirado and Ignasi Grau Mira, ed. (2022).
828:('The History of Spain') written on the initiative of
5901:
4920:
4265:(all languages spoken, past & present, in Iberia)
2585:
translation is Tardieu, París 1886. The most reputed
1886:
before the Council of Bishops at Toledo and accepted
1386:). Until then, much of Hispania remained autonomous.
4744:
2467:, Lisboa, Círculo de Leitores, 1992. (in Portuguese)
2424:, Publicações Europa-América, 1988. (In Portuguese.)
1894:), thus assuring an alliance between the Visigothic
986:
Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum
7447:
3rd-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic
4666:"Paul Lebel, Les noms de personnes en France, 1946"
2292:; and Carthaginiensis, Tarraconensis, each under a
634:. This was revived for instance by the etymologist
520:. The name Hispania was also used in the period of
5495:
674:highly unlikely. Occasionally Hispania was called
626:origin and derived it from the pre-Roman name for
7452:5th-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire
4820:
4792:
2732:Hispania in Late Antiquity: Current Perspectives.
1222:period, beginning in the 10th millennium BC, the
854:
848:
832:
823:
7383:
2684:have been lost, but we can read them via Florus.
2429:Historia de España y de la civilización española
1378:. It was not until 19 BC that the Roman emperor
1350:Hispania under Caesar Augustus's rule after the
1037:were left to complete the whole peninsula under
917:) were often used in the Middle Ages, while the
837:('the Wise'), between 1260 and 1274, during the
665:
606:
4653:. Houlston and Wright – via Google Books.
670:'lowland', rendering the above explanations of
614:Other far-fetched theories have been proposed.
4926:Ex Officina Hispana- Ancient Ceramics in Spain
4821:Michael McCormick; et al. (Autumn 2012).
2482:. Espasa Calpe S.A. Madrid 2001. (In Spanish.)
2440:Las artes y los pueblos de la España primitiva
2435:and of the Instituto de Coimbra. (In Spanish.)
1816:, and thus controlled almost all of Hispania.
6536:
6488:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
5403:
4946:
4219:
3297:
2727:Portsmouth, RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology.
2678:Epitome of the History of Titus Livius (Livy)
1954:under whose rule Hispania is dealt with as a
1580:
1430:The Romans improved existing cities, such as
875:
866:
4816:
4814:
4649:Charnock, Richard Stephen (March 17, 1859).
2781:Portsmouth, RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology
2725:Early Roman Towns in Hispania Tarraconensis.
1940:designated all of the peninsula's lands. In
696:
577:
6511:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
2793:Roman Iberia: Economy, Society and Culture.
2754:The Archaeology of Peasantry in Roman Spain
2536:
1961:
970:
948:
912:
906:
900:
860:
817:
803:
783:
675:
571:
565:
561:. Specifically, it may derive from a Punic
33:
6543:
6529:
5410:
5396:
4953:
4939:
4788:
4786:
4248:Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
4226:
4212:
3304:
3290:
1587:
1573:
1118:Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
70:
7412:Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula
5445:. Provincial administration reformed and
4811:
4676:(275): 406–408 – via www.persee.fr.
2385:
2375:, punctuated by further cool spells from
1324:Iberia, with strong competition from the
7397:Ancient history of the Iberian Peninsula
5419:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
4687:Baruque, Julio Valdeón (June 17, 2002).
4648:
4559:, vol. 4 (Paris: Buisson, 1810–29), 318.
4511:Burke, Ulick Ralph (November 17, 2008).
2415:Modern sources in Spanish and Portuguese
2231:
1965:
1713:The Iberian Peninsula in the year 560 AD
1708:
1700:
1345:
1156:. In the 40th millennium BC, during the
1056:
763:
751:
748:is the oldest surviving Roman lighthouse
739:
724:
4783:
4686:
4663:
2779:The Archaeology of Early Roman Baetica.
2739:Roman Spain: Conquest and Assimilation.
2634:(390–418) historian, follower of
2552:Notitia Dignitatum: text - IntraText CT
2497:
2221:. In the year 238 the unified province
1705:Iberian Peninsula (AD 530–AD 570)
1598:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
1338:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
730:Archaeological Roman Ensemble of Mérida
7457:3rd-century BC establishments in Spain
7384:
3955:Revolution and Asturian miners' strike
2807:The Romans in Spain. History of Spain.
2713:, Book CXLII of Livy's surviving work.
2650:, an historical guide translated into
1199:. In the millennia that followed, the
1168:by modern humans occurred. These were
598:(Phoenician-Punic and Hebrew are both
478:, while Hispania Citerior was renamed
6814:Natural Sites of Community Importance
6524:
6441:
6440:
5900:
5494:
5430:
5391:
4934:
4510:
2145:Provincia Hispania Ulterior Lusitania
2117:and a great portion of what today is
2057:In 27 BC, the general and politician
1568:
1300:During the 1st millennium BC, in the
437:
5262:Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)
4906:: A Map of Roman Spain and Portugal.
4831:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
2802:Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
2529:
2451:Historia de España. España romana, I
1882:, a Visigothic ruler, renounced his
1696:
572:
7293:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
4664:Monfrin, Jacques (March 17, 1946).
4557:Précis de la géographie universelle
4486:, one of the integral parts of the
4104:Catalan declaration of independence
2101:Provincia Hispania Ulterior Baetica
1226:occurred. This was an interstadial
1065:at about 200 BC (at the end of the
590:) meaning literally 'island of the
587:
13:
6550:
5202:Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2717:
2504:This article draws heavily on the
2270:(also comprising the provinces of
1936:is first spoken. Up to that date,
1917:in internal disputes and in royal
1873:) native Hispano-Romans and their
1834:sent an army under the command of
1681:emerged in Hispania, most notably
1238:) migrated and recolonized all of
506:and the North African province of
14:
7473:
5138:Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)
4857:
3043:Imperial decline, war, and revolt
2698:written in Latin in the times of
1331:
961:, like with Roman Hispania, as a
5851:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
5477:in c. 640–660, although in
5327:Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)
5069:Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)
4693:. Real Academia de la Historia.
4191:
4177:
3344:
3273:
3163:Processo Revolucionário Em Curso
2998:War of the Portuguese Succession
2844:
2786:Late Roman Spain and its Cities.
2518:Grosser Atlas zur Weltgeschichte
2390:
2236:Provinces of Hispania under the
2215:Provincia Hispania Nova Citerior
2014:, a great portion of the former
1164:, the first large settlement of
929:version interchangeably. In the
654:root whose meaning is now lost.
454:, Hispania was divided into two
388:
374:
360:
335:
16:Roman province (218 BC – 472 AD)
6857:Autonomous communities of Spain
5461:established after the death of
4738:
4725:
4716:
4707:
4690:Las Raices Medievales de España
4680:
4657:
4475:
3897:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
2741:London and New York: Routledge.
2672:(between 1st and 2nd century).
2599:astronomer of the 2nd century)
2373:mountains along the north coast
2209:By the 3rd century the emperor
1901:Court ceremonials – from
1242:. In this period one finds the
7268:National and regional identity
5809:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
5733:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
4642:
4627:
4603:
4562:
4549:
4540:
4531:
4504:
4443:Timeline of Portuguese history
1025:in the 15th century under the
658:may alternatively derive from
1:
7462:5th-century disestablishments
5876:Tripolitania (Roman province)
5454:
4463:
4271:(Early Iberian civilization)
3596:War of the Spanish Succession
2690:. Believed to be a Gaul with
2624:in 389, which he read to the
2567:Geographiká. Book III, Iberia
2544:
2376:
2268:praetorian prefecture of Gaul
2050:, and a major part of former
1411:
1107:
969:, as shown in the expression
4910:Roman buildings in Barcelona
4888:Resources in other libraries
4411:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
4243:List of Roman sites in Spain
3556:Colonisation of the Americas
3125:Portugal during World War II
2953:Portuguese House of Burgundy
2923:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
2487:Historia ilustrada de España
2472:Geografía histórica española
2433:Geographic Society of Lisbon
2422:O Domínio Romano em Portugal
1052:
1021:with the eastern peninsular
666:
607:
566:
539:
524:. The modern place names of
510:, were later grouped into a
425:
7:
7288:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
6484: Re-established after
5796:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
5431:
4769:10.1016/j.yqres.2008.10.004
3093:Portugal during World War I
2813:
2784:Kulikowski, Michael. 2004.
2674:Compendium of Roman History
2620:on Hispania to the emperor
2456:García y Bellido, Antonio,
2173:Provincia Hispania Citerior
1195:, after retreating through
578:
168:Traditional indigenous and
10:
7478:
4912:(archived 30 October 2010)
4793:Leonard A Curchin (2004).
4611:"La Emergencia de Sevilla"
4094:2008–2014 financial crisis
2873:Roman conquest of Hispania
2744:Curchin, Leonard A. 2003.
2737:Curchin, Leonard A. 1991.
2640:Historiae adversus paganos
2510:Spanish-language Knowledge
2427:Altamira y Crevea, Rafael
2357:Iberian–Roman Humid Period
2348:
2344:
2313:
2309:
2252:reform in AD 293, the new
2111:Corduba, presently Córdoba
1560:Latinius Pacatus Drepanius
1335:
1111:
1102:
1072:
899:. Latin expressions using
414:
48:
18:
7407:Portugal in the Roman era
7343:
7301:
7193:
7090:
7081:
6967:
6958:
6852:
6843:
6730:
6721:
6666:
6571:
6562:
6474:
6457:Quaestura exercitus (536)
6447:
6436:
6366:
6273:
6185:
6117:
6074:
6063:
6011:
5973:
5925:
5914:
5910:
5896:
5841:
5794:
5731:
5720:
5678:
5630:
5582:
5519:
5508:
5504:
5490:
5437:
5426:
4974:
4900:(archived 6 October 2008)
4883:Resources in your library
4703:– via Google Books.
4527:– via Google Books.
4407:(Muslim Medieval Iberia)
4026:Spain during World War II
3857:Regency of María Cristina
3725:Regency of María Cristina
2798:Mierse, William E. 1999.
2485:Urbieto Arteta, Antonio,
2480:Diccionario Espasa Íberos
2408:Federal Research Division
2367:from relieving the Roman
1888:Chalcedonian Christianity
1814:Suebic Kingdom of Galicia
1763:established a kingdom in
1755:. The Alans' allies, the
1606:
1281:. This spread to most of
1279:European Megalith Culture
1277:and the beginning of the
792:root for the modern name
720:, in the 1st century BC.
314:
310:
300:
296:
291:
287:
277:
267:
263:
253:
243:
239:
227:
215:
203:
199:
189:
179:
164:
150:
81:
69:
64:
28:
21:Hispania (disambiguation)
6946:Wars and armed conflicts
6586:Ancient History Timeline
6333:Palaestina III Salutaris
5529:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
4797:. Routledge. p. 7.
4616:. Universidad de Sevilla
4081:1981 coup d'état attempt
3881:Spain during World War I
3460:Kingdom of the Visigoths
2878:Romanization of Hispania
2805:Richardson, J. S. 1996.
2680:. The relevant texts of
2550:; one edition online is
2059:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
1978:and the more remote one
1962:Administrative divisions
1551:(r. 117–138), and
1529:("Hither Hispania") and
1342:Romanization of Hispania
1320:colonization of coastal
1084:and the invasion of the
6646:Transition to democracy
6621:Reaction and revolution
6500: Placed under the
5861:Mauretania Caesariensis
5680:Diocese of the Britains
4065:Transition to democracy
3169:Transition to democracy
3137:Portuguese Colonial War
3058:Constitutional Monarchy
3038:Great Lisbon earthquake
2777:Keay, Simon, ed. 1998.
2709:) (59 BC–17 BC).
2603:, geographic guidebook.
2601:Geographiké Hyphaégesis
2449:; and Ferrandis, José.
2351:Climate of Ancient Rome
2258:became one of the four
1998:comprised what are now
1306:Indo-European languages
1258:river), as well as the
919:Spain Romance languages
895:
885:
855:
849:
833:
824:
544:The origin of the word
229:• AD 379 – AD 395
217:• AD 117 – AD 138
159:Paleohispanic languages
7442:210s BC establishments
7402:Spain in the Roman era
7236:International Interest
7044:Science and technology
6740:Autonomous communities
6343:Phoenice II Libanensis
6046:Macedonia II Salutaris
5459:praetorian prefectures
5421:(4th–7th centuries AD)
5184:Late Antique/Medieval)
5027:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4099:2017 Barcelona attacks
3931:Provisional Government
3802:Provisional Government
3675:Absolutist restoration
3627:Abdications of Bayonne
2988:Portuguese Renaissance
2791:Lowe, Benedict. 2009.
2642:, the first Christian
2537:
2463:Mattoso, José (dir.),
2445:Bosch Gimpera, Pedro;
2386:Sources and references
2240:
2089:to Hispania Citerior.
1971:
1801:occupation of Carthage
1714:
1706:
1671:
1355:
1207:such as that found in
1070:
1007:
971:
949:
943:of Hispania or of the
913:
907:
901:
876:
867:
861:
818:
804:
784:
777:
776:), Alentejo, Portugal.
761:
749:
737:
736:), Extremadura, Spain.
718:Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus
697:
689:José Francisco de Isla
676:
532:are both derived from
480:Hispania Tarraconensis
434:
279:• Disestablished
205:• AD 98 – AD 117
34:
7273:National Day of Spain
6065:Praetorian prefecture
5940:Noricum mediterraneum
5916:Praetorian prefecture
5866:Mauretania Sitifensis
5761:Picenum Suburbicarium
5722:Praetorian prefecture
5510:Praetorian prefecture
5457: 293. Permanent
4969:in modern territories
4639:(New York, 1849), 14.
4086:Madrid train bombings
3963:1936 general election
3865:Reign of Alfonso XIII
3651:Constitution of Cádiz
3088:Monarchy of the North
2506:corresponding article
2262:—governed by a
2248:. After Diocletian's
2235:
2181:), whose capital was
2153:), whose capital was
2109:), whose capital was
1970:Roman Hispania in 125
1969:
1950:appears as the first
1712:
1704:
1655:
1349:
1336:Further information:
1254:(to the mouth of the
1060:
991:
914:omnes reges Hispaniae
770:Roman Temple of Évora
767:
755:
743:
728:
691:tied the name to the
151:Common languages
7417:New Testament places
6877:Constitutional Court
6496:Diocese of Illyricum
6490:Prefecture of Africa
6245:Galatia II Salutaris
6013:Diocese of Macedonia
5903:Eastern Roman Empire
5665:Mauretania Tingitana
5497:Western Roman Empire
4921:Hispania Epigraphica
4916:Amphorae ex Hispania
4421:History of Andalucía
4343:Celtiberian language
4326:Lusitanian mythology
4112:Coronavirus pandemic
4073:Current constitution
4058:Contemporary history
3873:Spanish–American War
3849:Reign of Alfonso XII
3741:Regency of Espartero
3718:Reign of Isabella II
3604:Nueva Planta Decrees
3452:Kingdom of the Suebi
3157:Carnation Revolution
3008:Dutch-Portuguese War
2670:Lucius Anneus Florus
2498:Other modern sources
2337:(Spain) and Casais (
2304:Mauretania Tingitana
2229:was re-established.
1736:, together with the
1558:In the 4th century,
1555:(r. 379–395).
1316:, influenced by the
1234:(descendants of the
1135:Homo heidelbergensis
953:, often used during
830:Alfonso X of Castile
594:', referring to the
508:Mauretania Tingitana
439:[hɪsˈpaːnia]
370:Kingdom of the Suebi
19:For other uses, see
6820:Plazas de soberanía
6502:Quaestura exercitus
6275:Diocese of the East
6265:Pontus Polemoniacus
5927:Diocese of Pannonia
5756:Lucania et Bruttium
5703:Maxima Caesariensis
5698:Flavia Caesariensis
5159:Sardinia (Classical
5032:Bulgaria (Classical
4761:2009QuRes..71..108M
4748:Quaternary Research
4555:Conrad Malte-Brun,
4438:History of Portugal
4400:Visigothic Hispania
4390:Vandals in Hispania
4321:Lusitanian language
4275:Tartessian language
4258:Carthaginian Iberia
3987:Nationalist victory
3908:of Dámaso Berenguer
3794:Sexenio Democrático
3777:Glorious Revolution
3683:Sexenio Absolutista
3533:Early modern period
3432:Diocese of Hispania
3280:Portugal portal
2581:. The most reputed
2447:Aguado Bleye, Pedro
2438:Aznar, José Camón,
2316:Economy of Hispania
2255:Diocese of Hispania
1856:Santa Maria de Lara
1547:(r. 98–117),
1224:Allerød Oscillation
1175:originating on the
1075:Languages of Iberia
1009:In modern history,
758:Aqueduct of Segovia
600:Canaanite languages
555:Phoenician language
343:Carthaginian Iberia
269:• Established
258:Classical antiquity
131: /
7049:Telecommunications
6750:Biosphere Reserves
6651:Contemporary Spain
6641:Spain under Franco
6581:Prehistoric Iberia
6353:Syria II Salutaris
6210:Armenian Satrapies
5983:Dacia Mediterranea
5905:(395–c. 640)
5833:Venetia et Histria
5741:Apulia et Calabria
5442:Notitia Dignitatum
5078:Corsica (Classical
4998:Armenia (Classical
4979:Albania (Classical
4348:Celtiberian script
4198:History portal
3768:Bienio progresista
3759:Second Carlist War
3659:Treaty of Valençay
3517:Christian kingdoms
3388:Carthaginian Spain
3363:Prehistoric Iberia
2978:Imperial expansion
2943:County of Portugal
2898:Visigothic Kingdom
2863:Prehistoric Iberia
2809:Oxford: Blackwell.
2795:London: Duckworth.
2696:Historia universal
2539:notitia dignitatum
2369:siege of Contrebia
2241:
2219:Asturiae-Calleciae
1972:
1926:Isidore of Seville
1913:, and finally the
1719:crossing the Rhine
1715:
1707:
1356:
1114:Prehistoric Iberia
1071:
1019:Kingdom of Castile
981:Isidore of Seville
945:Visigothic Kingdom
896:Gracien d'Espaigne
778:
762:
750:
738:
708:from an eponymous
616:Isidore of Sevilla
356:Visigothic Kingdom
7379:
7378:
7339:
7338:
7263:Myths and legends
7231:National Interest
7077:
7076:
7029:Largest companies
6954:
6953:
6941:Political parties
6909:Foreign relations
6839:
6838:
6787:Iberian Peninsula
6735:Autonomous cities
6717:
6716:
6518:
6517:
6480:Septem Provinciae
6470:
6469:
6442:Other territories
6432:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6215:Armenia III (536)
6187:Diocese of Pontus
6177:Phrygia Salutaris
6172:Phrygia Pacatiana
6076:Diocese of Thrace
6059:
6058:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5843:Diocese of Africa
5716:
5715:
5584:Diocese of Vienne
5574:Maxima Sequanorum
5486:
5485:
5385:
5384:
5367:Thrace (Classical
5359:Turkey (Classical
5151:Sicily (Classical
5098:Greece (Classical
5060:Cyprus (Classical
5046:Crimea (Classical
5041:Britain (England)
4864:Library resources
4395:Alans in Hispania
4360:Hispania Ulterior
4355:Hispania Citerior
4263:Iberian languages
4253:Iberian peninsula
4236:
4235:
4153:Religious history
3842:Restoration Spain
3818:Third Carlist War
3810:Reign of Amadeo I
3733:First Carlist War
3540:Catholic Monarchs
3445:Early Middle Ages
3383:Pre-Roman peoples
3314:
3313:
3187:COVID-19 pandemic
3119:Ditadura Nacional
3048:Transfer of Court
3033:House of Braganza
2993:Portuguese Empire
2938:Almoravid dynasty
2868:Pre-Roman Peoples
2763:978-3-11-075741-5
2692:Roman citizenship
2664:Abd-ar-Rahman III
2648:Hispania Universa
2644:universal history
2530:Classical sources
2478:Pellón, José R.,
2361:Scipio Aemilianus
2227:Hispania Citerior
2189:and it comprised
2052:Castilla la Nueva
2035:Hispania Citerior
2016:Castilla la Vieja
1995:Hispania Ulterior
1943:Historia Gothorum
1928:, it is with the
1829:Byzantine emperor
1697:Germanic conquest
1653:
1652:
1532:Hispania Ulterior
1526:Hispania Citerior
1289:, as well as the
1232:Iberian Peninsula
1158:Upper Paleolithic
1063:Iberian Peninsula
1027:Catholic Monarchs
1023:Kingdom of Aragon
977:Iberian Peninsula
967:Visigothic Spania
825:Estoria de España
760:, Castile, Spain.
746:Tower of Hercules
553:origin, from the
464:Hispania Ulterior
460:Hispania Citerior
448:Iberian Peninsula
423:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
348:
347:
306:5,000,000 or more
7469:
7437:Pauline churches
7359:
7352:
7088:
7087:
7019:Financial crisis
7009:Economic history
6965:
6964:
6882:Cortes Generales
6850:
6849:
6792:Peninsular Spain
6728:
6727:
6679:Pre-Roman Iberia
6674:General overview
6569:
6568:
6545:
6538:
6531:
6522:
6521:
6494: Later the
6478: Later the
6438:
6437:
6416:Thebais Inferior
6411:Thebais Superior
6368:Diocese of Egypt
6358:Theodorias (528)
6220:Armenia IV (536)
6072:
6071:
5975:Diocese of Dacia
5965:Valeria ripensis
5923:
5922:
5912:
5911:
5898:
5897:
5781:Tuscia et Umbria
5729:
5728:
5632:Diocese of Spain
5517:
5516:
5506:
5505:
5492:
5491:
5456:
5439:As found in the
5428:
5427:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5313:Spain (Classical
5143:Italy (Classical
5106:Crete (Classical
4967:Byzantine Empire
4955:
4948:
4941:
4932:
4931:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4840:
4834:. Archived from
4827:
4818:
4809:
4808:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4742:
4736:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4646:
4640:
4633:Charles Anthon,
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4615:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4593:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4560:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4508:
4491:
4479:
4455:History of Spain
4304:Iberian language
4280:Southwest script
4228:
4221:
4214:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4184:Spain portal
4182:
4181:
4180:
4148:Military history
4133:Economic history
4116:
4108:
4090:
4077:
4069:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4018:Republican exile
4014:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3971:1936 coup d'état
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3912:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3781:
3773:
3763:
3755:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3706:
3698:
3688:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3635:Napoleonic Spain
3631:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3521:
3513:
3503:
3495:
3472:
3468:Byzantine Spania
3464:
3456:
3423:
3422:(218 BCE–472 CE)
3415:
3392:
3348:
3338:
3320:
3319:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3255:Madeiran history
3191:
3183:
3179:Financial crisis
3098:1926 coup d'état
2971:Age of Discovery
2958:1383–1385 Crisis
2933:Gharb Al-Andalus
2848:
2838:
2820:
2819:
2767:
2656:Alfred the Great
2549:
2546:
2542:
2420:Alarcão, Jorge,
2411:
2394:
2393:
2381:
2378:
2300:Insulae Baleares
2246:Legio VII Gemina
2106:Hispania Baetica
2081:) and attaching
1794:The Vandals and
1616:Celtiberian Wars
1611:Second Punic War
1601:
1599:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1514:argentum oscense
1205:pre-historic art
1173:hunter-gatherers
1067:Second Punic War
974:
952:
936:Llibre dels fets
916:
910:
904:
898:
891:Late Middle Ages
888:
879:
870:
864:
858:
852:
847:using the words
836:
827:
821:
807:
787:
774:Liberatias Iulia
700:
679:
669:
646:, presumably an
610:
589:
581:
575:
574:
569:
504:Balearic Islands
486:, whence modern
441:
428:
418:
416:
392:
391:
378:
377:
364:
363:
352:
351:
339:
338:
332:
331:
316:
315:
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
74:
59:
51:
50:
45:
37:
26:
25:
7477:
7476:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7466:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7362:
7355:
7348:
7335:
7330:Toro de Osborne
7297:
7278:Public holidays
7189:
7150:Life expectancy
7073:
7039:Property bubble
6950:
6835:
6713:
6709:Spanish miracle
6662:
6636:Second Republic
6558:
6549:
6519:
6514:
6466:
6443:
6420:
6396:Augustamnica II
6362:
6269:
6181:
6119:Diocese of Asia
6113:
6066:
6055:
6041:Macedonia Prima
6007:
5969:
5945:Noricum ripense
5917:
5906:
5880:
5837:
5790:
5723:
5712:
5674:
5626:
5592:Alpes Maritimae
5578:
5564:Lugdunensis III
5521:Diocese of Gaul
5511:
5500:
5499:(395–476)
5482:
5449:established by
5433:
5422:
5416:
5386:
5381:
5339:Early Medieval)
5252:The Netherlands
5163:Early Medieval)
5082:Early Medieval)
4970:
4961:History of the
4959:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4860:
4855:
4854:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4825:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4791:
4784:
4743:
4739:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4701:
4685:
4681:
4662:
4658:
4647:
4643:
4632:
4628:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4591:
4589:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4509:
4505:
4495:
4494:
4488:Crown of Aragon
4480:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4385:Suevi Gallaecia
4309:Iberian scripts
4238:
4237:
4232:
4203:
4192:
4190:
4178:
4176:
4158:
4157:
4138:Law enforcement
4128:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4106:
4088:
4075:
4067:
4060:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4042:Basque conflict
4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4005:
4003:Francoist Spain
3995:
3994:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3947:Second Biennium
3941:
3933:
3926:
3924:Second Republic
3916:
3915:
3910:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3797:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3771:
3761:
3753:
3750:Década moderada
3743:
3735:
3727:
3720:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3696:
3693:Trienio Liberal
3686:
3677:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3643:Cortes of Cádiz
3637:
3629:
3622:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3501:
3493:
3491:Muslim conquest
3486:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3421:
3413:
3406:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3378:
3368:
3367:
3358:
3336:
3329:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3274:
3272:
3260:
3259:
3250:Azorean history
3245:
3235:
3234:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3152:
3142:
3141:
3113:
3111:Second Republic
3103:
3102:
3078:
3068:
3067:
3063:1910 Revolution
3028:Restoration War
3023:
3013:
3012:
2973:
2963:
2962:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2858:
2836:
2829:
2816:
2764:
2720:
2718:Further reading
2711:Ab urbe condita
2700:Augustus Caesar
2688:Trogus Pompeius
2636:Saint Augustine
2547:
2532:
2500:
2470:Melón, Amando,
2417:
2403:Country Studies
2400:
2391:
2388:
2379:
2353:
2347:
2318:
2312:
2155:Emerita Augusta
1964:
1946:, the Visigoth
1934:Mother Hispania
1892:Catholic Church
1806:Germanic people
1767:– modern
1699:
1679:heretical sects
1654:
1649:
1645:Cantabrian Wars
1602:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1462:Augusta Emerita
1446:), established
1414:
1384:Cantabrian Wars
1352:Cantabrian Wars
1344:
1334:
1252:Northern Iberia
1248:Southern France
1197:Southern France
1189:Southern Europe
1141:Homo antecessor
1120:
1112:Main articles:
1110:
1105:
1077:
1055:
959:Low Middle Ages
780:
779:
734:Emerita Augusta
677:Hesperia ultima
596:European rabbit
542:
522:Visigothic rule
389:
375:
361:
336:
303:
280:
270:
230:
218:
206:
139:
137:
133:
130:
125:
122:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
102:Emerita Augusta
77:
60:
53:
46:
39:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7475:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7361:
7360:
7353:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7326:
7321:
7320:Cultural icons
7318:
7313:
7307:
7305:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7199:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7091:
7085:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6968:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6900:
6899:
6897:Prime Minister
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6853:
6847:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6816:
6811:
6809:National parks
6806:
6804:Municipalities
6801:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6784:
6779:
6777:Extreme points
6774:
6769:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6737:
6731:
6725:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6684:Spanish Empire
6681:
6676:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6626:First Republic
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6596:Medieval Spain
6593:
6591:Roman Hispania
6588:
6583:
6577:
6575:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6548:
6547:
6540:
6533:
6525:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6505:
6498:
6492:
6482:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6406:Libya Inferior
6403:
6401:Libya Superior
6398:
6393:
6391:Augustamnica I
6388:
6383:
6378:
6372:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6191:
6189:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6147:Lycaonia (370)
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6069:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6017:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5988:Dacia Ripensis
5985:
5979:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5931:
5929:
5920:
5908:
5907:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5847:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5726:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5650:Carthaginensis
5647:
5642:
5636:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5617:Novempopulania
5614:
5612:Narbonensis II
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5588:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5569:Lugdunensis IV
5566:
5561:
5559:Lugdunensis II
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5525:
5523:
5514:
5502:
5501:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5424:
5423:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5392:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5356:
5353:Roman Carthage
5346:
5341:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5186:
5174:
5166:
5140:
5135:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5071:
5066:
5057:
5052:
5043:
5038:
5036:High Medieval)
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4958:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:External links
4856:
4853:
4852:
4810:
4804:978-1134451128
4803:
4782:
4755:(2): 108–120.
4737:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4699:
4679:
4656:
4641:
4626:
4602:
4575:
4561:
4548:
4539:
4530:
4523:
4517:. Read Books.
4502:
4501:
4493:
4492:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4430:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4266:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4187:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:(2020–present)
4109:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4083:
4078:
4070:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4010:Spanish Maquis
4006:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3939:First Biennium
3936:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3826:First Republic
3823:
3815:
3807:
3798:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3774:
3764:
3756:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3721:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3702:Ominous Decade
3699:
3689:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3623:
3620:Peninsular War
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3514:
3504:
3496:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3416:
3411:Roman Conquest
3407:
3404:Roman Hispania
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3385:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3269:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3174:Third Republic
3171:
3166:
3159:
3153:
3150:Third Republic
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3122:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:First Republic
3079:
3076:First Republic
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:Suebic Kingdom
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2762:
2756:. De Gruyter.
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2705:Titus Livius (
2703:
2685:
2667:
2638:and author of
2632:Paulus Orosius
2629:
2604:
2590:
2556:
2555:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2443:
2436:
2425:
2416:
2413:
2387:
2384:
2346:
2343:
2314:Main article:
2311:
2308:
2266:—of the
2207:
2206:
2170:
2161:) and without
2142:
2087:Basque Country
2028:Basque Country
1988:Cantabrian Sea
1963:
1960:
1903:Constantinople
1698:
1695:
1683:Priscillianism
1669:to the Empire.
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:Lusitanian War
1627:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1413:
1410:
1333:
1332:Roman conquest
1330:
1240:Western Europe
1209:L'Arbreda Cave
1124:early hominids
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1073:Main article:
1054:
1051:
1029:in 1492, only
972:laus Hispaniae
941:Roman province
853:('Spain') and
723:
722:
636:Eric Partridge
557:of colonizing
541:
538:
500:Carthaginensis
452:Roman Republic
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
386:
380:
379:
372:
366:
365:
358:
349:
346:
345:
340:
328:
327:
322:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
260:
255:
254:Historical era
251:
250:
245:
241:
240:
237:
236:
231:
228:
225:
224:
219:
216:
213:
212:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
172:, followed by
170:Roman religion
166:
162:
161:
152:
148:
147:
135:40.21°N 4.35°W
114:
113:
104:
95:
85:
83:
79:
78:
75:
67:
66:
62:
61:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7474:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7354:
7351:
7347:
7346:
7342:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7300:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7003:
7002:median income
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6872:Head of State
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6616:Enlightenment
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6546:
6541:
6539:
6534:
6532:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6446:
6439:
6435:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6328:Palaestina II
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:Cappadocia II
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6205:Armenia Maior
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6062:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5895:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5804:Alpes Cottiae
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5719:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5670:Tarraconensis
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5607:Narbonensis I
5605:
5603:
5602:Aquitanica II
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5554:Lugdunensis I
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5489:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5463:Constantine I
5460:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5401:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5317:Late Antique)
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:Liechtenstein
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:Late Antique)
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4956:
4951:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4841:on 2015-07-14
4837:
4833:
4832:
4824:
4817:
4815:
4806:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4787:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4741:
4735:Archaeopress.
4733:
4728:
4719:
4710:
4702:
4700:9788495983954
4696:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4660:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4612:
4606:
4599:
4587:
4586:
4579:
4571:
4565:
4558:
4552:
4543:
4534:
4526:
4524:9781443740548
4520:
4516:
4515:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Tarraconensis
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4043:
4040:
4035:
4034:Blue Division
4032:
4027:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3778:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3657:
3652:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3586:
3581:
3580:Iberian Union
3578:
3573:
3570:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3391:(575–206 BCE)
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:Early history
3372:
3371:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Iberian Union
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:House of Aviz
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2616:) directed a
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2548: AD 400
2541:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2397:public domain
2383:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2342:
2341:, Portugal).
2340:
2339:Ponte de Lima
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:Mediterranean
2317:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:Tarraconensis
2220:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2197:and northern
2196:
2192:
2188:
2187:Tarraconensis
2184:
2180:
2179:
2178:Tarraconensis
2174:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1924:According to
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:and northern
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1703:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Sertorian War
1638:
1636:
1635:Numantine War
1633:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1453:Caesaraugusta
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:Carthaginians
1353:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:Mediterranean
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:modern humans
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
988:
987:
982:
978:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
946:
942:
938:
937:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
909:
903:
897:
892:
887:
883:
878:
874:
869:
863:
857:
851:
846:
842:
841:
835:
831:
826:
820:
815:
811:
806:
801:
797:
796:
791:
786:
775:
771:
766:
759:
754:
747:
742:
735:
731:
727:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
699:
694:
690:
685:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:(in his work
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:
580:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
512:civil diocese
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:. During the
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:name for the
445:
440:
436:
432:
427:
421:
412:
411:Ancient Greek
408:
387:
385:
382:
381:
373:
371:
368:
367:
359:
357:
354:
353:
350:
344:
341:
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
313:
309:
305:
299:
295:
290:
286:
282:
276:
272:
266:
262:
259:
256:
252:
249:
246:
242:
238:
235:
232:
226:
223:
220:
214:
211:
208:
202:
198:
194:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
153:
149:
144:
112:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
94:
90:
87:
86:
84:
80:
73:
68:
63:
57:
56:Ancient Greek
43:
36:
27:
22:
7329:
7316:Coat of arms
7213:Bullfighting
7203:Architecture
7170:Prostitution
7130:Homelessness
7105:Demographics
7059:Trade unions
6997:unemployment
6982:Car industry
6914:Human rights
6862:Constitution
6818:
6764:
6744:ranked lists
6656:1975–present
6590:
6462:Spania (552)
6323:Palaestina I
6303:Euphratensis
6250:Helenopontus
6230:Cappadocia I
6137:Hellespontus
6036:Epirus Vetus
6003:Praevalitana
5918:of Illyricum
5708:Valentia (?)
5693:Britannia II
5597:Aquitanica I
5475:theme system
5440:
5332:Vatican City
5312:
5285:Saudi Arabia
5257:North Africa
4878:Online books
4868:
4843:. Retrieved
4836:the original
4829:
4794:
4752:
4746:
4740:
4727:
4718:
4709:
4689:
4682:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4644:
4635:
4629:
4618:. Retrieved
4605:
4597:
4590:. Retrieved
4584:
4578:
4564:
4556:
4551:
4542:
4533:
4513:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4338:Celtiberians
4189:
4175:
4163:
4143:LGBT history
3905:
3792:
3766:
3748:
3691:
3681:
3507:
3427:Romanization
3418:
3414:(206–27 BCE)
3403:
3161:
3129:
3117:
3053:Liberal Wars
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2753:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2710:
2695:
2677:
2673:
2647:
2639:
2622:Theodosius I
2600:
2566:
2557:
2517:
2503:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2439:
2428:
2421:
2402:
2389:
2365:Celtiberians
2354:
2319:
2293:
2287:
2263:
2253:
2242:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2186:
2176:
2172:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2130:
2129:. The river
2104:
2100:
2092:The emperor
2091:
2056:
2033:
2032:
1993:
1992:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1900:
1867:Chalcedonian
1864:
1848:
1818:
1793:
1716:
1674:Christianity
1672:
1656:
1557:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1469:
1461:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1405:
1390:Romanization
1388:
1357:
1299:
1291:Chalcolithic
1268:
1260:Muge Culture
1228:deglaciation
1217:
1201:Neanderthals
1191:, namely in
1185:last ice age
1181:Central Asia
1162:last ice age
1150:Neanderthals
1148:period, the
1139:
1133:
1129:Homo erectus
1127:
1121:
1097:Vulgar Latin
1082:fall of Rome
1078:
1039:one monarchy
1014:
1010:
1008:
992:
984:
963:geographical
934:
922:
865:, Castilian
838:
813:
809:
799:
798:, the words
793:
781:
773:
733:
705:
703:
686:
681:
671:
659:
655:
643:
639:
631:
619:
613:
576:) of Hebrew
545:
543:
533:
515:
514:headed by a
450:. Under the
406:
405:
325:Succeeded by
324:
319:
248:Roman Senate
234:Theodosius I
174:Christianity
140:40.21; -4.35
7135:Immigration
7125:Health care
6987:Communities
6972:Agriculture
6772:Earthquakes
6631:Restoration
6601:Reconquista
6509:Justinian I
6381:Aegyptus II
6313:Mesopotamia
6260:Paphlagonia
6089:Haemimontus
6067:of the East
6031:Epirus Nova
5955:Pannonia II
5688:Britannia I
5549:Germania II
5322:Switzerland
5288:(Classical)
5270:(Classical)
5192:(Classical)
5172:(Classical)
4732:Encadré 5.2
4428:Reconquista
4316:Lusitanians
4292:Oestriminis
4068:(1975–1978)
4045:(1959–2011)
4037:(1941–1944)
4029:(1939–1945)
4021:(1939–1977)
4013:(1939–1965)
3982:(1936–1939)
3950:(1933–1936)
3942:(1931–1933)
3911:(1930–1931)
3906:Dictablanda
3900:(1923–1930)
3884:(1914–1918)
3868:(1886–1931)
3860:(1885–1902)
3852:(1874–1885)
3829:(1873–1874)
3821:(1872–1876)
3813:(1870–1873)
3805:(1868–1871)
3772:(1854–1856)
3762:(1846–1849)
3754:(1844–1854)
3744:(1840–1843)
3736:(1833–1840)
3728:(1833–1840)
3705:(1823–1833)
3697:(1820–1823)
3687:(1814–1820)
3646:(1810–1814)
3638:(1808–1813)
3607:(1707–1716)
3599:(1701–1714)
3591:(1700–1808)
3583:(1580–1640)
3575:(1556–1659)
3567:(1516–1700)
3559:(1492–1898)
3551:(1482–1492)
3548:Granada War
3543:(1479–1516)
3508:Reconquista
3484:Middle Ages
3335:History of
3190:(2020–2023)
3182:(2010–2014)
3131:Estado Novo
2948:Reconquista
2835:History of
2652:Anglo-Saxon
2614:rhetorician
2571:Karl Müller
2520:(in German)
2516:Westermann
2335:Las Médulas
2073:(including
2065:(basically
2008:Extremadura
1842:, known as
1832:Justinian I
1425:latifundium
1372:Gallaecians
1368:Lusitanians
1275:agriculture
1246:culture in
1211:and in the
1183:. When the
1146:Paleolithic
1005:desired you
993:You are, O
923:Reconquista
845:Old Spanish
840:Reconquista
618:considered
573:𐤀𐤉 𐤔𐤐𐤍
320:Preceded by
244:Legislature
138: /
7386:Categories
7253:Mass media
7248:Literature
7140:Irreligion
7120:Euthanasia
7110:Disability
6892:Government
6867:Corruption
6689:Golden Age
6486:reconquest
6376:Aegyptus I
6338:Phoenice I
6293:Cilicia II
6200:Armenia II
5950:Pannonia I
5622:Viennensis
5544:Germania I
5539:Belgica II
5479:Asia Minor
5451:Diocletian
5335:(Classical
5280:San Marino
5242:Montenegro
5217:Luxembourg
5180:(Classical
5129:(Classical
5007:Azerbaijan
4620:2011-05-11
4592:8 February
4464:References
4405:Al-Andalus
3572:Golden Age
3520:(718–1479)
3512:(711–1492)
3502:(711–1492)
3499:Al-Andalus
3356:Prehistory
3021:Bragantine
2928:Al-Andalus
2380: 155
2349:See also:
2289:consularis
2026:, and the
1930:Visigothic
1825:Athanagild
1667:Theodosius
1553:Theodosius
1420:latifundia
1412:Roman rule
1398:Roman road
1374:and other
1318:Phoenician
1302:Bronze Age
1297:cultures.
1236:Cro-Magnon
1220:Mesolithic
1213:Côa Valley
1108:Background
933:Chronicle
882:Old French
805:Hispanicus
756:The Roman
744:The Roman
661:Heliopolis
604:Phoenician
588:אִי שָׁפָן
530:Hispaniola
492:Diocletian
468:Principate
442:) was the
292:Population
180:Government
157:, various
65:218 BC–472
7243:Languages
7145:Languages
7115:Education
7064:Transport
6904:Elections
6887:Judiciary
6826:Provinces
6723:Geography
6704:Civil War
6611:Expansion
6288:Cilicia I
6240:Galatia I
6195:Armenia I
6162:Pamphylia
6094:Moesia II
6051:Thessalia
5828:Raetia II
5660:Lusitania
5655:Gallaecia
5645:Balearica
5534:Belgica I
5371:Medieval)
5363:Medieval)
5227:Macedonia
5155:Medieval)
5147:Medieval)
5133:Medieval)
5110:Medieval)
5102:Medieval)
5064:Medieval)
5050:Medieval)
4983:Medieval)
4498:Citations
4484:Catalonia
4469:Footnotes
4375:Gallaecia
4370:Lusitania
4269:Tartessos
3979:Civil War
3564:Habsburgs
3494:(711–716)
3471:(552–624)
3463:(418–721)
3455:(409–585)
2888:Gallaecia
2883:Lusitania
2658:and into
2646:, and of
2618:panegyric
2475:Spanish.)
2280:Britannia
2250:Tetrarchy
2238:Tetrarchy
2211:Caracalla
2191:Gallaecia
2163:Gallaecia
2150:Lusitania
2083:Cantabria
2075:Gallaecia
2071:Lusitania
2067:Andalusia
2048:Catalonia
2000:Andalusia
1986:) to the
1984:Cartagena
1948:Suinthila
1919:elections
1765:Lusitania
1745:Gerontius
1738:Sarmatian
1691:Visigoths
1498:olive oil
1440:Tarragona
1406:hispanici
1314:Tartessos
1271:Neolithic
1144:. In the
1089:Visigoths
1053:Languages
955:Antiquity
931:James Ist
908:Hispaniae
856:Españoles
782:Although
540:Etymology
496:Tetrarchy
484:Gallaecia
476:Lusitania
456:provinces
420:romanized
184:Autocracy
165:Religion
7392:Hispania
7366:Category
7227:Fiestas
7175:Religion
7160:Pensions
7155:Naturism
7095:Abortion
7034:Taxation
7024:Forestry
6936:Monarchy
6931:Military
6924:Intersex
6845:Politics
6831:Wildlife
6766:Comarcas
6699:Military
6694:Economic
6667:By topic
6573:Timeline
6556:articles
6255:Honorias
6225:Bithynia
5998:Moesia I
5993:Dardania
5935:Dalmatia
5856:Byzacena
5823:Raetia I
5771:Sardinia
5746:Campania
5724:of Italy
5447:dioceses
5308:Slovenia
5303:Slovakia
5293:Scotland
5267:Portugal
5116:Guernsey
4904:HISPANIA
4869:Hispania
4777:67777837
4570:"pg 292"
4433:Portugal
4299:Iberians
4287:Ophiussa
4165:Timeline
3588:Bourbons
3419:Hispania
3326:a series
3324:Part of
3266:Timeline
3228:Military
3216:Language
3208:Archives
2916:Medieval
2837:Portugal
2826:a series
2824:Part of
2814:See also
2524:Hispania
2493:Granada.
2276:Germania
2264:vicarius
2260:dioceses
2203:Asturias
2199:Portugal
2193:(modern
2167:Asturias
2139:Guadiana
2094:Augustus
2085:and the
2079:Asturias
2044:Valencia
2024:Asturias
2004:Portugal
1980:Ulterior
1976:Citerior
1958:nation.
1938:Hispania
1896:monarchy
1884:Arianism
1871:Catholic
1836:Liberius
1789:Honorius
1777:Portugal
1769:Alentejo
1757:Hasdingi
1753:Portugal
1723:Germanic
1537:Augustus
1470:Valentia
1466:Valencia
1448:Zaragoza
1436:Olissipo
1423:(sing.,
1394:Augustus
1380:Augustus
1364:Iberians
1354:in 29 BC
1287:Portugal
1266:valley.
1160:and the
1126:such as
1086:Germanic
1035:Portugal
957:and the
950:Hispania
925:use the
902:Hispania
886:Espaigne
862:Hispania
834:El Sabio
819:Hispania
810:Hispanic
785:Hispania
706:Hispania
682:Hesperia
672:Hispania
656:Hispalis
632:Hispalis
620:Hispania
579:ʾī šāfān
567:ʾī šāpān
559:Carthage
546:Hispania
534:Hispania
517:vicarius
490:). From
435:Hispānia
426:Hispanía
407:Hispania
302:•
107:Citerior
98:Ulterior
35:Hispānia
30:Hispania
7350:Outline
7303:Symbols
7223:Cuisine
7195:Culture
7083:Society
7054:Tourism
6960:Economy
6799:Islands
6782:Forests
6760:Climate
6755:Borders
6564:History
6452:Taurica
6386:Arcadia
6348:Syria I
6318:Osroene
6308:Isauria
6167:Pisidia
6142:Islands
6109:Thracia
6104:Scythia
6099:Rhodope
5818:Aemilia
5814:Liguria
5786:Valeria
5776:Sicilia
5766:Samnium
5751:Corsica
5640:Baetica
5512:of Gaul
5467:Ravenna
5432:History
5349:Tunisia
5344:Ukraine
5275:Romania
5247:Morocco
5232:Moldova
5121:Hungary
5093:Germany
5088:Georgia
5055:Croatia
5022:Belgium
5017:Balkans
5012:Austria
4993:Andorra
4988:Algeria
4757:Bibcode
4670:Romania
4380:Baetica
4333:Cynetes
3892:(–1927)
3889:Rif War
3243:Regions
3224:Judaism
3212:Economy
2856:Ancient
2607:Pacatus
2593:Ptolemy
2587:English
2508:in the
2345:Climate
2310:Economy
2298:), the
2295:praeses
2195:Galicia
2183:Tarraco
2127:Badajoz
2119:Granada
2115:Almería
2063:Baetica
2020:Galicia
1952:monarch
1915:Muslims
1880:Recared
1840:Baetica
1785:Baetica
1781:Silingi
1773:Algarve
1749:Galicia
1734:Vandals
1663:Hadrian
1549:Hadrian
1521:praetor
1464:), and
1444:Tarraco
1262:in the
1244:Azilian
1218:In the
1177:steppes
1170:nomadic
1103:History
1031:Navarra
1015:Spanish
927:Romance
921:of the
877:Espanya
873:Catalan
800:Spanish
788:is the
648:Iberian
640:Origins
628:Seville
624:Iberian
563:cognate
488:Galicia
472:Baetica
422::
415:Ἱσπανία
222:Hadrian
191:Emperor
123:40°13′N
111:Tarraco
93:Corduba
89:Baetica
82:Capital
49:Ἱσπανία
7432:218 BC
7371:Portal
7311:Anthem
7218:Cinema
7165:People
7014:Energy
6554:
6504:in 536
6298:Cyprus
6283:Arabia
6084:Europa
6021:Achaea
5471:Africa
5298:Serbia
5237:Monaco
5197:Kuwait
5189:Kosovo
5177:Jordan
5169:Jersey
5074:France
4866:about
4845:24 Aug
4801:
4775:
4697:
4521:
4107:(2017)
4089:(2004)
4076:(1978)
3990:(1939)
3974:(1936)
3966:(1936)
3958:(1934)
3934:(1931)
3876:(1898)
3780:(1868)
3662:(1813)
3654:(1812)
3630:(1808)
3328:on the
2903:Spania
2828:on the
2760:
2660:Arabic
2626:Senate
2611:Gallic
2583:French
2563:Strabo
2399:.
2327:silver
2284:Mérida
2201:) and
2159:Mérida
2069:) and
2040:Aragon
1956:Gothic
1911:Franks
1909:, the
1907:Greeks
1852:Christ
1844:Spania
1827:, the
1810:Toledo
1779:. The
1665:, and
1659:Trajan
1624:Second
1545:Trajan
1508:, and
1482:silver
1458:Mérida
1438:) and
1432:Lisbon
1402:Caesar
1370:, the
1366:, the
1362:, the
1295:Beaker
1283:Europe
1193:Iberia
1166:Europe
911:(e.g.
868:España
850:España
714:Hispan
712:named
698:ezpain
693:Basque
652:Celtic
644:*Hispa
592:rabbit
584:Hebrew
384:Spania
273:218 BC
210:Trajan
195:
126:4°21′W
52:
38:
7357:Index
7283:Sport
7258:Music
7185:Women
7100:Crime
6977:Banks
6606:Union
6552:Spain
6157:Lydia
6152:Lycia
6132:Caria
6026:Creta
5960:Savia
5377:Wales
5222:Malta
5207:Libya
4963:Roman
4839:(PDF)
4826:(PDF)
4773:S2CID
4614:(PDF)
4450:Spain
4127:Topic
3337:Spain
3232:Music
3203:Topic
2597:Greek
2579:Latin
2575:Greek
2331:garum
2157:(now
2135:Annas
1875:Arian
1860:Latin
1821:Agila
1796:Alans
1775:, in
1761:Alans
1741:Alans
1730:Suevi
1620:First
1510:garum
1494:wheat
1376:Celts
1326:Greek
1310:Celts
1264:Tagus
1256:Douro
1093:Suebi
1047:Spain
1043:Spain
1011:Spain
999:India
995:Spain
814:Spain
812:, or
795:Spain
790:Latin
695:word
551:Punic
526:Spain
444:Roman
431:Latin
155:Latin
42:Latin
7324:Flag
7180:Time
7069:Wine
6919:LGBT
6127:Asia
5469:and
5126:Iraq
4965:and
4847:2014
4799:ISBN
4695:ISBN
4594:2013
4519:ISBN
3220:LGBT
2758:ISBN
2707:Livy
2682:Livy
2676:and
2577:and
2535:The
2278:and
2272:Gaul
2217:and
2175:(or
2165:and
2131:Anas
2123:Jaén
2121:and
2103:(or
2077:and
2012:León
1823:and
1771:and
1732:and
1726:Buri
1687:Pope
1541:Rome
1539:did
1506:fish
1502:wine
1490:wool
1486:lead
1474:gold
1340:and
1293:and
1269:The
1250:and
1138:and
1116:and
1091:and
1033:and
1013:and
1003:Rome
880:and
816:for
802:for
768:The
710:hero
667:spal
608:span
528:and
474:and
462:and
7208:Art
6992:GDP
5816:et
4765:doi
2662:by
2654:by
2225:or
2133:or
1478:tin
1456:),
1179:of
983:'s
979:of
905:or
808:or
650:or
622:of
494:'s
283:472
7388::
5455:c.
5453:,
5369:-
5361:-
5337:-
5315:-
5182:-
5161:-
5157:,
5153:-
5145:-
5131:-
5108:-
5100:-
5080:-
5062:-
5048:-
5034:-
5000:-
4981:-
4828:.
4813:^
4785:^
4771:.
4763:.
4753:71
4751:.
4674:69
4672:.
4668:.
4596:.
3230:-
3226:-
3222:-
3218:-
3214:-
3210:-
2694:.
2565:,
2545:c.
2406:.
2377:c.
2306:.
2274:,
2054:.
2046:,
2042:,
2030:.
2022:,
2018:,
2010:,
2006:,
2002:,
1990:.
1921:.
1846:.
1728:,
1661:,
1622:,
1523::
1504:,
1500:,
1496:,
1492:,
1488:,
1484:,
1480:,
1476:,
1408:.
1215:.
1132:,
1069:).
989::
871:,
630:,
586::
536:.
458::
433::
429:;
417:,
413::
109::
100::
91::
6746:)
6742:(
6544:e
6537:t
6530:v
5411:e
5404:t
5397:v
5373:)
5365:(
5355:)
5351:(
5165:)
5149:(
5112:)
5104:(
5084:)
5076:(
4954:e
4947:t
4940:v
4849:.
4807:.
4779:.
4767::
4759::
4623:.
4572:.
4227:e
4220:t
4213:v
3305:e
3298:t
3291:v
2766:.
2702:.
2666:.
2628:.
2609:(
2595:(
2554:)
2543:(
2410:.
2205:.
2169:.
2147:(
2137:(
1890:(
1869:(
1626:)
1618:(
1588:e
1581:t
1574:v
1468:(
1460:(
1450:(
1442:(
1434:(
772:(
732:(
582:(
570:(
409:(
58:)
54:(
44:)
40:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
