819:
388:
837:, was used. It uses modified letters shapes e.g. to differentiate between different rounded vowels, and it uses a small stroke on the right to indicate vowel length. It was retained longest in China where it can still be found in an occasional journal article. However, in China,
541:
In all three countries, Oirat has become variously endangered or even obsolescent as a direct result of government actions or as a consequence of social and economic policies. Its most widespread tribal dialect, which is spoken in all of these nations, is
975:
Birtalan 2003. Note that she is not altogether clear about that matter as she writes: "For the present purpose, Spoken Oirat, from which
Kalmuck is excluded, may therefore be treated as a more or less uniform language." (212). See also Sanžeev
802:
Mongolian language, new educational policies which have led to the virtual elimination of
Mongolian schools in Xinjiang (there were just two left as of 2009), policies aiming to curtail
794:
speakers, a combination of government policies and social realities has created an environment deleterious to the use of this language: the
Chinese authorities' adoption of
774:
in all areas where it is spoken. In Russia, the killing of a large fraction of the Kalmyk population and the destruction of their society as consequences of the
1596:
258:
1810:
1236:
1173:
Katoh T., Mano S., Munkhbat B., Tounai K., Oyungerel G., Chae G. T., Han H., Jia G. J., Tokunaga K., Munkhtuvshin N., Tamiya G., Inoko H.:
806:, and the limited occupational prospects in Chinese society for graduates of Mongolian schools. As for Mongolia, the predominance of
3705:
1854:
270:
1872:
1320:
274:
4112:
1589:
1999:
4107:
4087:
1803:
1229:
1902:
1157:
4092:
1582:
531:
1177:
Molecular Life
Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259–1193, Japan. .
347:
300:
4102:
2935:
1995:
1549:
4117:
4097:
1850:
1796:
1222:
872:
790:
of Kalmyk. In China, while Oirat is still quite widely used in its traditional ranges and there are many
775:
378:
484:
to other core
Central Mongolic languages, scholars differ as to whether they regard Oirat as a distinct
849:
and
Southern Mongolian grammar for writing. In practice the people use neither and resort to learning
2844:
3325:
2864:
2829:
1930:
747:
372:
653:
396:) showing the distribution of Oirat outside Kalmykia. Varieties in dispute have not been included.
4026:
3720:
2978:
2889:
2771:
2766:
1777:
1535:
1469:
566:
In
Mongolia, there are seven historical Oirat dialects, each corresponding to a different tribe:
871:
In
Mongolia, Central Mongolian minority varieties have no status, so Oirats are supposed to use
673:
570:
109:
3749:
3566:
3248:
2073:
2068:
2039:
2027:
1542:
1526:
1367:
755:
669:
665:
4038:
4014:
3737:
3700:
2198:
1605:
577:
481:
3912:
1445:
684:
661:
3685:
3546:
3365:
3345:
3330:
3066:
3031:
2839:
1313:
20:
8:
3998:
3978:
3742:
3669:
3370:
3320:
3315:
2726:
2293:
1877:
1746:
1372:
771:
3355:
3340:
1955:
786:
have rendered the language obsolescent: it is almost exclusively the elderly who have a
3943:
3715:
3649:
3598:
3551:
3495:
3225:
3168:
2894:
2050:
1819:
1619:
1335:
1276:
1245:
854:
842:
795:
618:
586:
554:
is sometimes also used to refer to the language of historical documents written in the
493:
465:
460:
444:
180:
175:
163:
3350:
1960:
742:, originally belonged to Oirat and has been classified as such by some because of its
364:
3922:
3582:
3456:
3401:
3293:
3201:
3196:
3153:
3075:
2806:
2786:
2711:
2688:
2461:
2343:
2313:
2155:
2146:
2098:
2088:
1935:
1867:
1751:
1706:
1450:
1330:
1281:
876:
807:
799:
783:
3993:
3988:
3958:
3917:
3897:
3786:
3781:
3725:
3695:
3644:
3533:
3406:
3386:
3335:
3302:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3211:
3206:
3188:
3036:
3026:
2930:
2879:
2874:
2849:
2776:
2469:
2446:
2441:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2323:
2263:
2188:
2131:
2126:
2111:
1882:
1833:
1761:
1756:
1741:
1726:
1711:
1696:
1670:
1665:
1513:
1397:
1385:
1351:
1325:
1175:
Genetic features of Khoton
Mongolians revealed by SNP analysis of the X chromosome.
1132:
Bitkeeva, Aisa (2007): Ethnic
Language Identity and the Present Day Oirad-Kalmyks.
850:
846:
834:
779:
473:
393:
3541:
826:
Oirat has been written in two script systems: the Mongolian scripts and Cyrillic.
787:
708:
3973:
3963:
3953:
3902:
3892:
3766:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3518:
3508:
3503:
3471:
3461:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3396:
3360:
3310:
3273:
3238:
3178:
3158:
3138:
3103:
3088:
3083:
3006:
2945:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2859:
2751:
2721:
2670:
2645:
2630:
2604:
2599:
2579:
2564:
2509:
2451:
2436:
2431:
2416:
2411:
2356:
2288:
2268:
2203:
2178:
2106:
2083:
1985:
1950:
1945:
1920:
1892:
1887:
1736:
1721:
1716:
1701:
1680:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1499:
1426:
1420:
1340:
1296:
1271:
861:
838:
759:
751:
640:
232:
171:
155:
1492:
3983:
3927:
3907:
3710:
3675:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3561:
3513:
3451:
3421:
3416:
3278:
3233:
3143:
3108:
3093:
3041:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2940:
2884:
2854:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2796:
2716:
2701:
2696:
2665:
2640:
2625:
2620:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2499:
2474:
2421:
2333:
2318:
2283:
2253:
2248:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2136:
2121:
2063:
2058:
1965:
1925:
1910:
1731:
1675:
1565:
1506:
1455:
1437:
1415:
1390:
1380:
1291:
1194:
Svantesson, Jan-Olof, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlsson, Vivan Franzén (2005):
1174:
791:
746:. However, it has been classified by others as Mongolian proper because of its
739:
731:
700:
593:
221:
101:
1940:
945:
931:
716:
4081:
3968:
3842:
3818:
3761:
3590:
3523:
3481:
3466:
3391:
3243:
3148:
3021:
3016:
2869:
2781:
2761:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2731:
2706:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2635:
2594:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2489:
2479:
2426:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2328:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2278:
2258:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2193:
2183:
2168:
2163:
2116:
2078:
1980:
1970:
1163:
723:
630:
610:
522:
477:
469:
340:
3948:
3813:
3776:
3476:
3441:
3431:
3411:
3283:
3163:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3098:
2986:
2910:
2814:
2791:
2484:
2351:
2273:
2223:
2173:
1975:
1915:
1306:
1301:
830:
712:
704:
624:
606:
582:
555:
543:
513:
423:
407:
325:
228:
209:
105:
1485:
810:
is bringing about the Khalkhaization of all other varieties of Mongolian.
758:
has variously been classified as Oirat, Mongolian proper, or (less often)
330:
320:
3859:
3835:
3808:
3798:
3771:
3756:
3732:
3556:
3133:
3056:
3051:
3011:
2741:
818:
735:
649:
509:
1574:
1478:
3887:
3825:
3803:
3173:
3046:
950:
936:
865:
91:
1209:
730:
There are some varieties of Oirat that are difficult to classify. The
3864:
3852:
3847:
3791:
3123:
1862:
1788:
1214:
743:
679:
357:
311:
292:
1151:
BNMAU dah’ mongol helnii nutgiin ajalguuny tol’ bichig: oird ayalguu
3830:
997:
995:
993:
991:
803:
691:
614:
517:
497:
485:
439:
278:
250:
117:
113:
79:
3869:
1187:
Sečenbaγatur, Qasgerel, Tuyaγ-a, B. ǰirannige, U Ying ǰe (2005):
527:
489:
262:
125:
1122:
Birtalan, Ágnes (2003): Oirat. In: Janhunen (ed.) 2003: 210–228.
988:
1139:
Bläsing, Uwe (2003): Kalmuck. In: Janhunen (ed.) 2003: 229–247.
505:
387:
254:
136:
83:
900:
898:
896:
535:
501:
266:
121:
87:
496:. Oirat-speaking areas are scattered across the far west of
893:
864:
script system has been implemented. It does not represent
966:
cp. the distribution given by Svantesson et al. 2005: 141
1189:
Mongγul kelen-ü nutuγ-un ayalγun-u sinǰilel-ün uduridqal
1158:
Oirat Tobi: Intonational structure of the Oirat language
454:
1191:. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a.
778:, along with the subsequent imposition among them of
1055:
See literature given in Sanžaa and Tujaa 2001: 33-34
822:
An Oirat manuscript in "clear script" (todo bichig)
433:
417:
58:
40:
841:and Oirat are considered non-standard compared to
148:368,000, 58% of ethnic population (2007–2010)
4079:
448:
1210:ELAR archive of Documenting Henan Oirat, China
259:Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
1804:
1590:
1230:
1182:Sravnitel’naja grammatika mongol’skih jazykov
1064:Bitkeeva 2007; for details see Bitkeeva 2006
1010:Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005, Bläsing 2003: 229
427:
2026:
1811:
1797:
1597:
1583:
1237:
1223:
386:
19:"XAL" redirects here. For other uses, see
1604:
868:, and thus doesn't show syllabification.
1144:Einführung in die mongolischen Schriften
817:
271:Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
4080:
1818:
1244:
845:and are therefore supposed to use the
765:
438:
2966:
2025:
1792:
1578:
1218:
1160:. University of Hawaii. Dissertation.
857:to communicate with others in China.
459:
1198:. New York: Oxford University Press.
575:is spoken in half of the districts (
275:Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
2967:
516:. In China, it is spoken mainly in
13:
1142:Chuluunbaatar, Otgonbayar (2008):
1127:Kalmyckij yazyk v sovremennom mire
925:
512:coast, where its major variety is
480:in Russia and Mongolians. Largely
14:
4129:
1203:
1046:Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 190-191
1037:Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 265-266
1001:Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 396-398
813:
279:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
875:which de facto only represents
411:
48:
34:
1184:. Moskva: Akademija nauk SSSR.
1004:
979:
969:
960:
916:
907:
1:
1082:Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 179
882:
468:spoken by the descendants of
60:Mongγol kelen-ü Oyirad ayalγu
887:
833:, which originated from the
434:
418:
379:of 44-BAA-b part of 44-BAA-b
59:
41:
7:
913:Svantesson et al. 2005: 141
904:Svantesson et al. 2005: 148
776:Kalmyk deportations of 1943
561:
455:
10:
4134:
4113:Central Mongolic languages
1196:The Phonology of Mongolian
1115:
428:
334: – Written Oirat
18:
4049:
4022:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
4007:
3936:
3880:
3684:
3622:
3575:
3532:
3494:
3379:
3301:
3292:
3224:
3187:
3074:
3065:
2977:
2973:
2962:
2903:
2805:
2687:
2613:
2460:
2342:
2154:
2145:
2097:
2049:
2038:
2034:
2021:
2014:
1994:
1901:
1849:
1842:
1826:
1770:
1689:
1628:
1612:
1559:
1525:
1468:
1436:
1408:
1360:
1261:
1252:
449:
385:
371:
355:
338:
309:
290:
285:
257:(in the form of Kalmyk);
246:Official language in
244:
239:
218:
200:
152:
142:
131:
97:
75:
68:
33:
28:
16:Central Mongolic language
1156:Indjieva, Elena (2009):
985:Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005
4108:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
4088:Agglutinative languages
4019:Northern (Beijing) Sign
1778:Mongolian Sign Language
1180:Sanžeev, G. D. (1953):
1125:Bitkeeva, Aisa (2006):
956:(subscription required)
942:(subscription required)
472:, now forming parts of
2028:Sino-Tibetan languages
1168:The Mongolic languages
1109:Chuluunbaatar 2008: 41
1019:Birtalan 2003: 210-211
823:
4093:Languages of Mongolia
1606:Languages of Mongolia
821:
520:, but also among the
482:mutually intelligible
231:(China: unofficial),
62:Моңһл келнә Өөрд айлһ
1321:Peripheral Mongolian
1170:. London: Routledge.
1091:Indjieva 2009: 59-65
674:Bayan-Ölgii Province
4103:Languages of Russia
4062:NM = Inner Mongolia
1690:Immigrant languages
1550:Classical Mongolian
1153:. Ulaanbaatar: ŠUA.
766:Endangered language
656:, Khovd and in the
550:or more precisely,
500:, the northwest of
4118:Mongolic languages
4098:Languages of China
3599:Formosan languages
1820:Languages of China
1629:Minority languages
1246:Mongolic languages
1149:Coloo, Ž. (1988):
1100:Coloo 1988: III-IV
873:Mongolian Cyrillic
843:Southern Mongolian
829:Historically, the
824:
796:Southern Mongolian
494:Mongolian language
235:(Russia: official)
4075:
4074:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3490:
3489:
3220:
3219:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2010:
2009:
1786:
1785:
1613:Official language
1572:
1571:
1566:extinct languages
1464:
1463:
1268:Buryat–Mongolian
1146:. Hamburg: Buske.
954:(18th ed., 2015)
940:(18th ed., 2015)
877:Khalkha Mongolian
866:epenthetic vowels
808:Khalkha Mongolian
784:official language
756:Khövsgöl Province
466:Mongolic language
461:[ˈœe̯rət]
445:Khalkha Mongolian
401:
400:
4125:
4031:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3299:
3298:
3072:
3071:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2963:
2152:
2151:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
1847:
1846:
1834:Standard Chinese
1813:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1259:
1258:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1129:. Moskva: NAUKA.
1110:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
986:
983:
977:
973:
967:
964:
958:
957:
943:
929:
923:
920:
914:
911:
905:
902:
851:Mandarin Chinese
847:Mongolian script
835:Mongolian script
474:Mongols in China
463:
458:
452:
451:
442:
440:[øːˈrət]
437:
431:
430:
421:
415:
390:
381:
367:
350:
333:
323:
314:
304:
303:
295:
224:
168:Central Mongolic
158:
64:
56:
46:
38:
26:
25:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4045:
4025:
4003:
3932:
3876:
3687:
3680:
3606:
3586:(Indo-European)
3571:
3528:
3486:
3375:
3288:
3216:
3183:
3061:
2969:
2968:Other languages
2950:
2899:
2830:Central Tibetan
2801:
2675:
2609:
2456:
2338:
2141:
2093:
2041:
2030:
2006:
1990:
1897:
1838:
1822:
1817:
1787:
1782:
1766:
1685:
1624:
1608:
1603:
1573:
1568:
1555:
1521:
1460:
1432:
1404:
1356:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1206:
1201:
1134:Altai Hakpo, 17
1118:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:Coloo 1988: 1-6
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
989:
984:
980:
974:
970:
965:
961:
955:
944:
941:
930:
926:
921:
917:
912:
908:
903:
894:
890:
885:
860:In Kalmykia, a
816:
768:
752:Darkhad dialect
641:Altai Uriankhai
564:
413:
397:
377:
363:
346:
343:
329:
328:
319:
318:
310:
299:
298:
291:
247:
240:Official status
225:
220:
214:
203:
196:
159:
156:Language family
154:
145:
144:Native speakers
61:
57:
54:
52:
50:
47:
43:
39:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4131:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4056:HK = Hong Kong
4054:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:Hong Kong Sign
4020:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3692:
3690:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3602:(Austronesian)
3596:
3594:(Austronesian)
3588:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:Southern Qiang
2769:
2767:Northern Qiang
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2032:
2031:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1771:Sign languages
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1536:Proto-Mongolic
1531:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1294:
1284:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1204:External links
1202:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1166:(ed.) (2003):
1164:Janhunen, Juha
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
987:
978:
968:
959:
924:
915:
906:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
862:Cyrillic-based
815:
814:Script systems
812:
788:fluent command
767:
764:
754:in Mongolia's
740:Inner Mongolia
732:Alasha dialect
728:
727:
720:
688:
676:
654:Mönkhkhairkhan
637:
622:
596:
594:Khovd Province
563:
560:
399:
398:
391:
383:
382:
375:
369:
368:
361:
353:
352:
344:
339:
336:
335:
315:
307:
306:
296:
288:
287:
286:Language codes
283:
282:
248:
245:
242:
241:
237:
236:
226:
222:Writing system
219:
216:
215:
213:
212:
206:
204:
202:Standard forms
201:
198:
197:
195:
194:
193:
192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
162:
160:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
133:
129:
128:
99:
95:
94:
77:
76:Native to
73:
72:
70:
66:
65:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4130:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4067:
4065:XJ = Xinjiang
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3567:Western Yugur
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Eastern Yugur
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:Small Flowery
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2979:Austroasiatic
2976:
2972:
2965:
2961:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1543:Middle Mongol
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1470:Para-Mongolic
1467:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:Eastern Yugur
1366:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1073:Bitkeeva 2007
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
996:
994:
992:
982:
972:
963:
953:
952:
947:
946:Written Oirat
939:
938:
933:
928:
922:Coloo 1988: 1
919:
910:
901:
899:
897:
892:
880:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
820:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
725:
721:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:
689:
686:
682:
681:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:
638:
635:
632:
628:
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
597:
595:
591:
588:
584:
580:
579:
574:
573:
569:
568:
567:
559:
557:
553:
552:Written Oirat
549:
545:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Oirat Mongols
467:
462:
457:
446:
441:
436:
425:
420:
409:
405:
395:
389:
384:
380:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
360:
359:
354:
351:Written Oirat
349:
345:
342:
341:Linguist List
337:
332:
327:
324: –
322:
316:
313:
308:
302:
297:
294:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
243:
238:
234:
230:
227:
223:
217:
211:
208:
207:
205:
199:
187:
184:
183:
182:
179:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
161:
157:
151:
147:
141:
138:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
69:Pronunciation
67:
63:
45:
32:
27:
22:
4053:GX = Guangxi
4041:
4039:Tibetan Sign
4029:
4015:Chinese Sign
3881:Creole/Mixed
3750:Southeastern
3738:Southwestern
3701:Northeastern
3686:Varieties of
3268:
1660:
1561:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1425:
1286:
1253:Contemporary
1195:
1188:
1181:
1167:
1150:
1143:
1133:
1126:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
981:
971:
962:
949:
935:
932:Kalmyk Oirat
927:
918:
909:
870:
859:
831:Clear script
828:
825:
782:as the sole
769:
729:
696:
690:
678:
657:
645:
639:
633:
625:
602:
598:
589:
583:Uvs Province
576:
571:
565:
556:Clear script
551:
547:
540:
532:Subei County
521:
408:Clear script
403:
402:
373:Linguasphere
356:
326:Kalmyk Oirat
229:Clear script
185:
3547:Fuyu Kyrgyz
3346:Tai Hongjin
3032:Muak Sa-aak
1373:Shirongolic
1314:Sart Kalmyk
792:monolingual
736:Alxa League
685:Erdenebüren
546:. The term
523:Deed Mongol
488:or a major
419:Oirad kelen
110:Bayan-Ölgii
42:Oirad kelen
4082:Categories
4068:XZ = Tibet
4059:MC = Macau
3999:Zhangzhung
3743:Sichuanese
3670:Vietnamese
3067:Hmong-Mien
2946:Waxianghua
2727:Khroskyabs
2015:Indigenous
1903:Prefecture
1878:Portuguese
1747:Portuguese
1527:Historical
1136:: 139–154.
951:Ethnologue
937:Ethnologue
883:References
853:and using
772:endangered
748:morphology
722:Khoton in
392:A map (in
92:Kyrgyzstan
3979:Tocharian
3913:Qoqmončaq
3865:Cantonese
3819:Shaojiang
3792:Hainanese
3721:Zhongyuan
3716:Jiao-Liao
3650:Esperanto
3552:Ili Turki
3259:Khamnigan
3124:Kiong Nai
2895:Zitsadegu
1873:Mongolian
1863:Cantonese
1620:Mongolian
1564:indicate
1446:Qoqmončaq
1352:Khamnigan
1277:Mongolian
888:Citations
800:normative
770:Oirat is
744:phonology
358:Glottolog
312:ISO 639-3
293:ISO 639-2
181:Mongolian
176:Mongolian
132:Ethnicity
44:Өөрд келн
3923:Tangwang
3903:Macanese
3898:Lingling
3831:Northern
3814:Northern
3777:Southern
3696:Mandarin
3623:Minority
3583:Sarikoli
3496:Tungusic
3457:Naxi Yao
3402:Cao Miao
3326:Ningming
3226:Mongolic
3202:Dzao Min
3197:Biao Min
3154:Qo Xiong
3149:Pingtang
2845:Dongwang
2787:Tshobdun
2712:Guiqiong
2314:Sangkong
2089:Muangphe
2051:Mondzish
2005:numerous
1996:Counties
1843:Regional
1827:Official
1752:Japanese
1707:Mandarin
1451:Tangwang
1377:Baoanic
1361:Southern
1336:Khorchin
1255:Mongolic
804:nomadism
724:Tarialan
692:Zakhchin
619:Züüngovi
611:Khyargas
562:Dialects
518:Xinjiang
498:Mongolia
486:language
365:kalm1243
251:Kalmykia
233:Cyrillic
164:Mongolic
135:655,372
118:Xinjiang
114:Kalmykia
80:Mongolia
3994:Xianbei
3989:Tuyuhun
3959:Old Yue
3937:Extinct
3918:Sanqiao
3809:Central
3799:Eastern
3782:Hokkien
3726:Lan-Yin
3706:Beijing
3688:Chinese
3645:Russian
3407:Chadong
3387:Ai-Cham
3356:Tai Nüa
3341:Tai Dón
3336:Tai Dam
3294:Kra-Dai
3264:Monguor
3254:Kangjia
3212:Kim Mun
3207:Iu Mien
3129:Luobohe
3119:Huishui
3099:Guiyang
3076:Hmongic
3037:Palaung
3027:Man Met
2931:Longjia
2880:Ladakhi
2875:Kyirong
2865:Khalong
2850:Drugchu
2807:Tibetic
2777:Shixing
2689:Qiangic
2470:Alingpo
2462:Nisoish
2447:Yangliu
2442:Xuzhang
2372:Laizisi
2367:Kuamasi
2362:Kua-nsi
2344:Lisoish
2324:Tsukong
2264:Laomian
2189:Baihong
2156:Hanoish
2147:Loloish
2132:Lhao Vo
2127:Chashan
2112:Xiandao
2099:Burmish
2042:Burmese
2000:Banners
1956:Tai Nüa
1883:Tibetan
1868:English
1762:Turkish
1757:Russian
1742:Chinese
1727:Italian
1712:Spanish
1697:English
1671:Russian
1666:Chinese
1641:Darkhad
1562:Italics
1514:Tuyuhun
1398:Monguor
1386:Kangjia
1331:Chakhar
1297:Darkhad
1282:Khalkha
1262:Central
1116:Sources
798:as the
780:Russian
719:, Khovd
701:Mankhan
695:in the
687:, Khovd
644:in the
636:, Khovd
607:Malchin
601:in the
585:and in
528:Qinghai
510:Caspian
492:of the
490:dialect
478:Kalmyks
464:) is a
394:Russian
317:Either:
281:, China
263:Qinghai
126:Qinghai
51:ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ
3974:Tangut
3964:Rouran
3954:Khitan
3944:Ba–Shu
3908:Maojia
3893:Hezhou
3804:Puxian
3787:Teoswa
3672:(Kinh)
3640:Kyrgyz
3635:Korean
3630:Kazakh
3534:Turkic
3519:Oroqen
3509:Manchu
3504:Evenki
3472:Qabiao
3462:Ong Be
3447:Maonan
3437:Lakkja
3427:Jiamao
3397:Buyang
3361:Tai Ya
3351:Tai Lü
3311:Bouyei
3303:Zhuang
3284:Torgut
3239:Buryat
3189:Mienic
3179:Younuo
3159:Raojia
3139:Pa-Hng
3134:Mashan
3104:Hm Nai
3089:Bu-Nao
3084:A-Hmao
3007:Bumang
2926:Jingpo
2921:Derung
2916:Caijia
2890:Zhongu
2860:Gserpa
2752:Namuyi
2722:Japhug
2671:Zauzou
2646:Namuyi
2631:Kucong
2605:Zokhuo
2600:Thopho
2580:Phupha
2565:Phukha
2510:Khlula
2452:Zibusi
2437:Toloza
2432:Sonaga
2417:Mangdi
2412:Lolopo
2357:Hlersu
2294:Phana’
2289:Nuomei
2269:Laopin
2204:Bukong
2179:Angluo
2107:Achang
2084:Mondzi
1986:Zhuang
1961:Tai Lü
1951:Kazakh
1946:Kyrgyz
1931:Korean
1921:Bouyei
1893:Zhuang
1888:Uyghur
1737:Hebrew
1722:German
1717:Arabic
1702:French
1681:Uyghur
1656:Kazakh
1651:Evenki
1646:Dukhan
1636:Buryat
1500:Khitan
1427:Rouran
1421:Moghol
1326:Baarin
1307:Torgut
1302:Kalmyk
1292:Alasha
1272:Buryat
839:Buryat
760:Buryat
750:. The
726:, Uvs.
709:Üyench
670:Bulgan
666:Buyant
631:Bulgan
626:Torgut
587:Dörgön
572:Dörbet
544:Torgut
514:Kalmyk
506:Russia
424:Kalmyk
412:ᡆᡕᡅᠷᠠᡑ
305:Kalmyk
255:Russia
210:Kalmyk
172:Buryat
137:Oirats
98:Region
84:Russia
55:ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ
53:ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ
49:ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
35:ᡆᡕᡅᠷᠠᡑ
3984:Tuoba
3928:Wutun
3843:Xiang
3836:Auish
3762:Hakka
3711:Ji-Lu
3676:Wakhi
3665:Uzbek
3660:Tuvan
3655:Tatar
3576:Other
3562:Salar
3514:Nanai
3452:Mulam
3417:Gelao
3380:Other
3279:Santa
3274:Ordos
3269:Oirat
3234:Bonan
3174:Xixiu
3144:Pa Na
3109:Hmong
3094:Gejia
3042:Riang
3002:Bugan
2997:Bolyu
2992:Blang
2941:Tujia
2904:Other
2885:Tseku
2870:Khams
2855:Groma
2835:Choni
2825:Basum
2820:Baima
2797:Zhaba
2717:Horpa
2702:Choyo
2697:Baima
2666:Sanie
2641:Naruo
2626:Katso
2621:Gokhy
2614:Other
2590:Samei
2585:Phuza
2575:Phupa
2570:Phuma
2560:Phowa
2555:Phola
2550:Phala
2545:Nuosu
2500:Bokha
2475:Alugu
2422:Micha
2334:Yiche
2319:Suobi
2284:Nuobi
2254:Kaduo
2249:Kabie
2229:Habei
2219:Duota
2214:Duoni
2209:Cosao
2137:Zaiwa
2122:Lashi
2074:Mango
2069:Manga
2064:Maang
2059:Kathu
2040:Lolo-
1966:Zaiwa
1936:Qiang
1926:Tujia
1911:Hmong
1732:Hindi
1676:Tuvan
1661:Oirat
1507:Tuoba
1486:Serbi
1456:Wutun
1438:mixed
1416:Dagur
1409:other
1391:Santa
1381:Bonan
1341:Ordos
1287:Oirat
855:hànzì
713:Zereg
705:Altai
662:Altai
621:, Uvs
599:Bayat
581:) of
548:Oirat
536:Gansu
502:China
456:Oirad
450:Ойрад
414:ᡍᡄᠯᡄᠨ
404:Oirat
267:China
186:Oirat
122:Gansu
102:Khovd
88:China
37:ᡘᡄᠯᡄᠨ
29:Oirat
4008:Sign
3969:Saka
3870:Ping
3591:Tsat
3542:Äynu
3524:Xibe
3482:Then
3467:Paha
3422:Hlai
3392:Biao
3366:Yang
3331:Nong
3244:Daur
3022:Mang
3017:Kuan
2936:Nung
2815:Amdo
2782:Situ
2762:Pumi
2757:Naxi
2747:Muya
2737:Lizu
2732:Laze
2707:Ersu
2661:Samu
2656:Nusu
2651:Naxi
2636:Lahu
2595:Sani
2540:Nisu
2535:Nasu
2530:Muzi
2525:Muji
2520:Moji
2515:Lope
2505:Gepo
2495:Azhe
2490:Azha
2480:Aluo
2427:Mili
2407:Lisu
2402:Lipo
2397:Limi
2392:Lawu
2387:Lavu
2382:Lamu
2377:Lalo
2329:Woni
2309:Sadu
2304:Qidi
2299:Piyo
2279:Muda
2259:Lami
2244:Jino
2239:Honi
2234:Hani
2199:Budu
2194:Bisu
2184:Asuo
2169:Akha
2164:Akeu
2117:Pela
2079:Maza
1981:Hani
1971:Lisu
1855:SARs
1493:Duan
1479:Awar
976:1953
717:Möst
715:and
697:sums
680:Ööld
668:and
658:sums
652:and
650:Duut
646:sums
617:and
603:sums
578:sums
530:and
504:and
435:Öörd
429:Өөрд
273:and
3949:Jie
3860:Yue
3853:Old
3848:New
3772:Min
3767:Hui
3757:Gan
3733:Jin
3557:Lop
3477:Sui
3442:Mak
3432:Kam
3412:Cun
3371:Yei
3321:Min
3316:Dai
3164:She
3114:Hmu
2987:Bit
2911:Bai
2840:Dao
2792:Zbu
2485:Axi
2352:Eka
2274:Mpi
2224:Enu
2174:Amu
1976:Bai
1916:Kam
1851:ARs
948:at
934:at
734:in
699:of
683:in
660:of
648:of
634:sum
629:in
615:Tes
605:of
590:sum
534:in
526:of
508:'s
348:xwo
331:xwo
321:xal
301:xal
277:in
261:in
106:Uvs
21:Xal
4084::
3826:Wu
3057:Wa
3052:Va
3012:Hu
2742:Na
1941:Yi
1853:/
990:^
895:^
879:.
762:.
738:,
711:,
707:,
703:,
672:,
664:,
613:,
609:,
592:,
558:.
538:.
476:,
453:,
447::
443:;
432:,
426::
422:;
416:,
410::
269:;
265:,
253:,
124:,
120:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
90:,
86:,
82:,
3888:E
3047:U
1998:/
1812:e
1805:t
1798:v
1598:e
1591:t
1584:v
1238:e
1231:t
1224:v
406:(
174:–
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.