545:
2834:
2526:
704:
506:
666:
language and Norse culture. Later, when conquering
England, the Norman rulers in England would eventually assimilate, thereby adopting the speech of the local English. In both cases, the elites contributed elements of their own language to the newly enriched languages that developed in the
546:
893:
Three different standardized spellings are used: continental Norman, Jèrriais, and Dgèrnésiais. These represent the different developments and particular literary histories of the varieties of Norman. Norman may therefore be described as a
3065:
2781:, in particular exhibits a Norman influence. For example the word "placoter" can mean both to splash around or to chatter comes from the Normand French word "clapoter" which means the same thing.
3000:
Norman, member of those
Vikings, or Norsemen, who settled in northern France...The Normans (from Nortmanni: "Northmen") were originally pagan barbarian pirates from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland
662:
continued to form the name of the region while the original
Norsemen were largely assimilated by the Gallo-Romance people, adopting their speech but still contributing some elements from
2542:
in 1066, the Norman and other languages and dialects spoken by the new rulers of
England were used during several hundred years, developing into the unique insular dialect now known as
3054:
entry on "Mug¹" states that the origin of this word is uncertain—it may have been a borrowing from Norman, or it may have come from another source, and been reinforced through Norman.
3436:
3429:
2891:
855:
also lapsed at an unknown date; the patois spoken there was likely Guernésiais (Herm was not inhabited all year round in the Norman culture's heyday).
5987:
4057:
3081:
6027:
3422:
4098:
3246:
2855:
6264:
2969:, Report to the Minister of National Education, Research and Technology, and the Minister of Culture and Communication, April 1999
2895:
925:
invaded in 1169. Norman remains in (limited) use for some very formal legal purposes in the UK, such as when the monarch gives
6249:
4549:
3196:
2928:
2920:
4481:
2987:
4284:
4279:
3105:
Wolff, Philippe (1991). "Quelles langues parlait-on dans le royaume de France vers l'an Mil?". In d'Arxius, Servei (ed.).
1004:, in the 19th century led to a significant loss of distinctive Norman culture in the central low-lying areas of Normandy.
4223:
4111:
2546:, and leaving traces of specifically Norman words that can be distinguished from the equivalent lexical items in French:
4384:
4274:
4499:
6020:
5338:
3168:
3153:
3139:
3125:
3097:
Noms de famille normands, étudiés dans leurs rapports avec la vieille langue et spécialement avec le dialecte normand
2965:
937:
743:
5398:
721:
4686:
4291:
4091:
3393:
970:
955:
101:
97:
5486:
5387:
3216:
2522:
into French – and more recently some of the
English words used in French can be traced back to Norman origins.
725:
5357:
3191:
and Yan
Marquis, "The Toad and the Donkey: an anthology of Norman literature from the Channel Islands", 2011,
484:
5294:
4972:
3663:
3239:
17:
6254:
6244:
6013:
3881:
610:
466:
5421:
4824:
3973:
3834:
3588:
2749:" ("The King wishes it") and other Norman phrases are used on formal occasions as legislation progresses.
606:
6173:
5862:
5300:
4269:
4198:
3633:
3583:
677:
510:
Areas where the Norman language is strongest include Jersey, Guernsey, the
Cotentin and the Pays de Caux.
3643:
5583:
5155:
4590:
4148:
4084:
3727:
2539:
910:
3712:
828:. Sercquiais is in fact a descendant of the 16th-century Jèrriais used by the original colonists from
5170:
5082:
4691:
4532:
4247:
4176:
4158:
4141:
4136:
4126:
2766:
825:
683:
675:
245:
225:
6269:
6213:
3875:
2833:
6259:
6239:
5875:
5779:
4652:
4600:
4379:
4327:
3232:
3210:
1016:
words which have been lost in Modern French. Examples of Norman French words of Old French origin:
651:
478:
5243:
4834:
4788:
4669:
4642:
4581:
4518:
4464:
4171:
4131:
3675:
3493:
3488:
3445:
3403:
963:
714:
685:
655:
253:
240:
215:
129:
4839:
670:
In
Normandy, the Norman language inherited only some 150 words from Old Norse. The influence on
6148:
6097:
5961:
5177:
4595:
4541:
4193:
3864:
323:
3939:
3398:
577:. The name "Norman French" is sometimes also used to describe the administrative languages of
6087:
6056:
5993:
5938:
5744:
5739:
5392:
5370:
5261:
5189:
5012:
4674:
4437:
4063:
3950:
3839:
3746:
3361:
976:
As of 2017, the Norman language remains strongest in the less accessible areas of the former
902:
895:
647:
594:
579:
354:
5657:
4625:
5943:
5717:
5333:
5306:
5232:
5092:
4891:
4819:
4771:
4765:
4728:
4711:
3960:
3829:
3570:
2847:
6092:
5727:
5140:
4208:
4030:
3933:
8:
6188:
5428:
5320:
5288:
5282:
4903:
4863:
4829:
4657:
4421:
3849:
3707:
3669:
3498:
3366:
2543:
769:
765:
614:
107:
5691:
5124:
4799:
4733:
4019:
3471:
2880:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (24 May 2022).
573:
270:
265:
261:
5933:
5662:
5518:
5476:
5442:
5436:
5326:
5269:
5226:
5209:
4947:
4940:
4776:
4564:
4505:
4361:
4349:
4228:
4166:
3992:
3648:
3610:
3541:
3508:
3414:
3344:
3075:
981:
883:
412:
93:
56:
5711:
4203:
3658:
2881:
921:). In Ireland, Norman remained strongest in the area of south-east Ireland, where the
458:
6072:
5890:
5869:
5789:
5749:
5608:
5536:
5530:
5454:
5346:
5256:
5197:
5109:
5067:
4868:
4814:
4620:
4605:
4576:
4559:
4469:
4432:
4401:
4389:
4308:
4296:
4213:
4188:
4182:
4107:
4076:
3984:
3819:
3687:
3638:
3521:
3192:
3164:
3149:
3135:
3121:
3095:
977:
949:
945:
875:
821:
492:
235:
123:
5732:
4701:
4679:
3531:
609:. Today, although it does not enjoy any official status, some reports of the French
6138:
6133:
6082:
6077:
6051:
5843:
5833:
5818:
5806:
5722:
5671:
5635:
5613:
5600:
5594:
5523:
5512:
5416:
5381:
5365:
5214:
5202:
5135:
5099:
5087:
5055:
4980:
4952:
4925:
4755:
4750:
4738:
4718:
4706:
4647:
4554:
4511:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4406:
4337:
4321:
4218:
4025:
3979:
3955:
3904:
3899:
3887:
3764:
3692:
3536:
3526:
3480:
3330:
3188:
993:
385:
220:
188:
5618:
5568:
2917:
1882:
Examples of Norman French words with -ei instead of -oi in
Standard French words
6163:
6143:
5927:
5913:
5794:
5696:
5686:
5630:
5481:
5469:
5409:
5404:
5219:
5148:
5130:
5104:
5077:
4964:
4876:
4857:
4809:
4696:
4662:
4615:
4610:
4332:
4264:
4236:
4013:
3945:
3915:
3814:
3717:
3697:
3551:
3460:
2979:
2924:
2790:
2746:
930:
922:
918:
776:
602:
539:
531:
207:
4930:
3605:
2525:
471:
6193:
6168:
5978:
5885:
5880:
5801:
5681:
5643:
5375:
4935:
4881:
4851:
4743:
4427:
4355:
4301:
4050:
3869:
3859:
3702:
3653:
3600:
3577:
3560:
3516:
3324:
836:
779:, the Norman language has developed separately, but not in isolation, to form:
401:
111:
5024:
3774:
3279:
793:
552:
438:
362:
164:
6233:
6208:
6128:
6118:
5920:
5823:
5811:
5543:
5251:
4908:
4846:
4342:
3854:
3681:
3615:
3595:
2821:
2762:
2758:
6218:
6102:
5702:
5562:
5002:
4957:
3844:
3722:
3334:
2742:, exemplify how Norman retained Latin /k/ that was not retained in French.
2492:
overskride (Norw.), skrilla (Old Swed.), skriða (Icelandic), skride (Dan.)
989:
926:
408:
318:
60:
3209:
887:
433:
6153:
5764:
5757:
5494:
5060:
3967:
3769:
3340:
2420:
2393:
jarðhneta (Icelandic), jordnød (Dan.), jordnöt (Swed.), jordnøtt (Norw.)
985:
639:
598:
390:
194:
5029:
3779:
3289:
2745:
In the United
Kingdom, Acts of Parliament are confirmed with the words "
966:
through the 19th-century Norman literary renaissance to modern writers (
890:). Dialectal differences also distinguish western and eastern dialects.
820:
The British and Irish governments recognize Jèrriais and Guernésiais as
783:
562:
442:
366:
170:
6178:
6158:
5072:
5042:
5034:
4990:
4985:
4635:
4394:
3927:
3798:
3792:
3785:
3377:
3372:
3299:
2826:
2795:
1013:
1000:
and the popularity of the coastal resorts of central Normandy, such as
914:
863:
848:
803:
728: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
626:
593:. For the most part, the written forms of Norman and modern French are
585:
374:
370:
333:
328:
176:
6005:
5838:
5676:
5018:
4313:
3758:
3269:
2886:
2774:
2475:
mávar (pl.) (Icelandic), måge (Dan.), måke/måse (Norw.), mås (Swed.)
2446:
2261:
1001:
840:
813:
671:
663:
451:
426:
358:
313:
158:
5464:
917:
in the language of English courts (though it was also influenced by
703:
6203:
5623:
5459:
5275:
4723:
4571:
3283:
3273:
2519:
859:
844:
797:
757:
674:
is disputed, although it is argued that the retention of aspirated
643:
632:
141:
84:
70:
52:
5828:
3224:
658:–speaking population. In time, the communities converged, so that
601:
was the first to distinguish it along with other dialects such as
505:
5447:
5312:
5050:
4474:
4459:
3752:
3320:
906:
879:
871:
635:
590:
380:
182:
120:(formerly used to a certain degree in Eastern Canada and Quebec)
6198:
6123:
6037:
5649:
4995:
4918:
4898:
4630:
3921:
3909:
3892:
3626:
3293:
2879:
2778:
941:
829:
787:
761:
117:
66:
2376:
melur (Icelandic), mile (Dan.), mjele (Norw.), mjälla (Swed.)
4913:
4886:
3824:
3621:
3565:
2770:
997:
230:
905:
dialect of Norman served as a language of administration in
650:, and settled the land that became known as Normandy, these
3303:
852:
807:
88:
74:
2533:
2286:
appât; boëtte (from Breton; maybe ultimately from Norman)
2437:
haugur (Icelandic), haug (Norw.), hög (Swe.), høj (Dan.)
3444:
2933:
2518:
In some cases, Norse words adopted in Norman have been
940:
in the 11th and 12th centuries brought the language to
764:, where it has no official status, but is classed as a
4106:
2410:
hólmur (Icelandic), holm (Dan., Norw.), holme (Swed.)
3185:, Société d'archéologie de la Manche, Saint-Lô, 1992.
3120:
Essai de grammaire de la langue normande, UPN, 1995.
4798:
2840:
2945:
571:) is a French dialect which can be classified as a
2918:"Liste des textes de la Base de Français Médiéval"
2892:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
1323:barrière or clôture de jardin faites de branches
556:
6231:
2509:vík (Icelandic), vig (Dan.), vik (Norw., Swed.)
2458:nes (Icelandic, Norw.), næs (Dan.), näs (Swed.)
1858:to remove, to take something away from somebody
3011:
2752:
2283:beita (Icelandic), beite (Norw.), bete (Swed.)
847:, died during the 20th century, although some
566:
6021:
4092:
3430:
3240:
1567:loss of consciousness, feeling of faintness
948:, where it may have left a few words in the
693:
654:–speaking people came to live among a local
525:
5988:languages with more than 5 million speakers
4058:varieties with more than 5 million speakers
2875:
2873:
2359:dúnn (Icelandic), dun (Dan., Norw., Swed.)
929:to an Act of Parliament using the phrase, "
874:of the Norman language (the line runs from
6028:
6014:
5571:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
4099:
4085:
3437:
3423:
3247:
3233:
3080:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2503:viquet, (-vic, -vy, -vouy in place-names)
2249:Examples of Norman words of Norse origin:
613:have recognized it as one of the regional
504:
3063:
832:who settled the then uninhabited island.
744:Learn how and when to remove this message
485:& 51-AAA-hd 51-AAA-hc & 51-AAA-hd
2870:
2524:
1007:
6035:
3183:Dictionnaire des patoisants du Cotentin
2534:Influence of Norman on English language
2529:A bar named in Norman (Cherbourg, 2002)
962:Literature in Norman ranges from early
956:Norman and French influence on Sicilian
14:
6232:
870:) separates the northern and southern
796:or Dgèrnésiais or Guernsey French (in
768:. It is taught in a few colleges near
6009:
4080:
3418:
3228:
3104:
3093:
2951:
2939:
2898:from the original on 11 November 2023
2858:from the original on 15 December 2008
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2761:also introduced some "Normanisms" to
2058:Examples of Norman French words with
933:" ("The King (the Queen) wills it").
690:in Norman is due to Norse influence.
597:. The thirteenth-century philosopher
538:
2384:earthnut, groundnut, pignut, peanut
2300:melgrös, pl. of melgras (Icelandic)
1012:Norman French preserves a number of
726:adding citations to reliable sources
697:
27:Romance language of Northwest France
3254:
2581:< castel (borrowed from Occitan)
2244:
1470:avoir la jouissance, la possession
996:) in the east. Ease of access from
24:
5992:Languages between parentheses are
4062:Languages between parentheses are
3146:Les auteurs patoisants du Calvados
3064:GEOFFRION, LOUIS-PHILIPPE (1927).
2990:from the original on 24 March 2022
2808:
2311:gade, gadelle, gradelle, gradille
1800:to have habit of / to get used to
843:, the dialect of Norman spoken on
646:, in the western part of the then
25:
6281:
5872:(unknown further classification)
3202:
938:Norman conquest of southern Italy
3070:(in French). Quebec. p. 60.
2929:École normale supérieure de Lyon
2832:
1542:moqueur, quelqu'un qui se moque
851:are still alive. The dialect of
702:
6265:Languages of the United Kingdom
3394:List of Norman language writers
3369:(highly influenced by Jèrriais)
3134:La Normandie dialectale, 1999,
3057:
3044:
3032:
3020:
2512:guichet (borrowed from Norman)
1797:«souloir», avoir l'habitude de
1341:adhérer, être adhérant, coller
971:list of Norman-language writers
913:in 1066. This left a legacy of
713:needs additional citations for
102:England in the late Middle Ages
98:England in the High Middle Ages
5996:of the language on their left.
5866:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
4066:of the language on their left.
3217:New International Encyclopedia
3131:V'n-ous d'aveu mei? UPN, 1984.
3005:
2972:
2957:
2910:
2848:"Voices - Multilingual Nation"
2500:wicket (borrowed from Norman)
1564:mauvaise disposition, malaise
980:: the Channel Islands and the
13:
1:
3107:Catalunya i França Meridional
3067:ZIGZAGS AUTOUR DE NOS PARLERS
2801:
2445:ness (headland or cliff, cf.
1049:to brag, to pride oneself on
944:and the southern part of the
756:Norman is spoken in mainland
6250:Endangered Romance languages
2753:Norman immigration in Canada
2636:< cherise (chrise, chise)
2486:griller, égriller, écriller
2387:génotte, gernotte, jarnotte
824:within the framework of the
7:
6174:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
5863:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
3176:Les patoisants bas-normands
3109:. Generalitat de Catalunya.
2916:Base de Français Médiéval,
2784:
10:
6286:
5565:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
4591:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
4385:Central−Southern Calabrian
3114:
3052:Oxford English Dictionary.
3039:Oxford English Dictionary.
3027:Oxford English Dictionary.
2726:Other borrowings, such as
2540:Norman conquest of England
2297:*melgrös, pl. of *melgras
931:Le Roy (la Reyne) le veult
911:Norman conquest of England
882:border in the province of
624:
620:
567:
557:
126:(used in a limited degree)
6111:
6065:
6044:
5970:
5954:
5905:
5854:
5778:
5582:
5555:
5504:
5356:
5242:
5188:
5169:
5120:
4787:
4540:
4531:
4492:
4372:
4257:
4246:
4157:
4119:
4041:
4006:
3807:
3736:
3550:
3507:
3479:
3470:
3453:
3386:
3354:
3313:
3262:
3159:Roger Jean Lebarbenchon,
2923:23 September 2017 at the
2767:French language in Canada
2702:< werreur (Old Norman)
2683:= gaitier (mod. guetter)
2680:< waitier (Old Norman)
2625:< caucie (now cauchie)
2584:= château-fort, castelet
2100:la chausse, la chaussure
1893:
1890:
1887:
694:Geographical distribution
503:
491:
477:
465:
449:
424:
419:
398:
348:
306:
204:
185:: < 100 (no date)
147:
137:
46:
39:
34:
4873:North American dialects
4380:Extreme Southern Italian
3161:Les Falaises de la Hague
3012:Elisabeth Ridel (2010).
2592:< cachier (now cachi)
2353:dun, dum, dumet, deumet
2291:beach grass, dune grass
1527:to make fun of, to mock
1362:to make something dirty
4292:Central−Northern Latian
3446:Gallo-Romance languages
3404:Anglo-Norman literature
3280:Guernésiais/Dgèrnésiais
3014:Les Vikings et les mots
2984:Encyclopædia Britannica
2966:The Languages of France
2691:< werre (Old Norman)
1754:to get something dirty
1121:to negotiate, to argue
988:) in the west, and the
964:Anglo-Norman literature
878:to the French-speaking
837:first-language speakers
526:
153:20,000 (2011–2015)
130:Principality of Antioch
6214:Southern Italian Koiné
6149:Judeo-Arabic languages
6098:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
6066:Contemporary languages
4596:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
2530:
2379:dune, terrain sableux
2266:Scandinavian reflexes
1876:all, absolutely every
1873:tous, absolument tous
1452:maintenant, désormais
1093:to drop, to fall over
1046:se vanter, se targuer
535:
6088:Italian Sign Language
6057:Italian Sign Language
5083:Poitevin–Saintongeais
4056:A star (*) indicates
3951:Poitevin-Saintongeais
3882:Labrador Inuit Pidgin
3211:"Norman French"
3174:Jean-Louis Vaneille,
3094:Moisy, Henri (1875).
2963:Bernard Cerquiglini,
2882:"Glottolog 4.8 - Oil"
2757:Norman immigrants to
2528:
1661:to conceal / to hide
1506:mouchard, colporteur
1008:Old French influences
896:pluricentric language
826:British–Irish Council
648:Kingdom of the Franks
625:Further information:
595:mutually intelligible
197:: c. 50,000 (no date)
191:: c. 50,000 (no date)
179:: < 20 (1998)
6112:Historical languages
4892:St. Marys Bay French
4416:Neapolitan–Calabrese
3300:Sercquiais/Sèrtchais
2461:cap, pointe de côte
2413:îlot, rocher en mer
2396:arachide, cacahuète
2362:duvet (from Norman)
1433:quietly, peacefully
1344:to adhere, to stick
722:improve this article
6255:Languages of Sicily
6245:Languages of France
5244:Galician–Portuguese
4270:Central Marchigiano
3509:Bourbonnais Creoles
3399:Jèrriais literature
3367:Jersey Legal French
3016:. Editions Errance.
2942:, pp. xix, 91.
2544:Anglo-Norman French
2469:mauve, mave, maôve
2277:baite, bète, abète
2212:to chase / to hunt
2078:in Standard French
1718:nonsense, insanity
1118:négocier, débattre
770:Cherbourg-Octeville
615:languages of France
611:Ministry of Culture
108:Lordship of Ireland
6045:Official languages
5658:Catalan Ribagorçan
5505:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
4777:Judaeo-Piedmontese
4687:Bustocco–Legnanese
4482:Northern Calabrian
3355:Historic and legal
3314:Continental Europe
2773:, a working class
2531:
2335:mykr (cf. English
2320:cassis, groseille
1907:fair (trade show)
1822:to be late / slow
1473:to have enjoyment
1269:to raise, to lift
982:Cotentin Peninsula
822:regional languages
413:French orthography
94:Kingdom of England
57:Cotentin Peninsula
6227:
6226:
6003:
6002:
5979:extinct languages
5901:
5900:
5578:
5577:
5537:Navarro-Aragonese
5422:Peruvian Ribereño
5347:Judaeo-Portuguese
5262:Galician–Asturian
5165:
5164:
5156:Old Gallo-Romance
5110:Wisconsin Walloon
4527:
4526:
4500:Dalmatian Romance
4108:Romance languages
4074:
4073:
4051:extinct languages
4007:Francoprovencalic
4002:
4001:
3985:Wisconsin Walloon
3412:
3411:
3197:978-1-903427-61-3
3178:, n.d., Saint-Lô.
2830:(25th ed., 2022)
2724:
2723:
2516:
2515:
2478:mouette, goëland
2367:dune, sandy land
2294:milgreu, melgreu
2242:
2241:
2056:
2055:
1880:
1879:
1545:mocking, teasing
1488:rôdeur, vagabond
1455:now, from now on
1247:to shake, to mix
1182:chagrin, malheur
978:Duchy of Normandy
950:Sicilian language
946:Italian Peninsula
876:Granville, Manche
766:regional language
754:
753:
746:
515:
514:
124:Kingdom of Sicily
80:Previously used:
16:(Redirected from
6277:
6134:Berber languages
6083:Regional Italian
6030:
6023:
6016:
6007:
6006:
5524:Judaeo-Aragonese
5513:Andalusi Romance
5366:Amazonic Spanish
5203:Western Asturian
5186:
5185:
5125:Franco-Provençal
4796:
4795:
4692:Comasco–Lecchese
4550:Emilian–Romagnol
4538:
4537:
4338:Regional Italian
4328:Italo-Australian
4255:
4254:
4177:Megleno-Romanian
4101:
4094:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4020:Franco-Provençal
4016:/Faetar-Cigliàje
3905:Louisiana French
3900:Louisiana Creole
3713:Saint-Barthélemy
3481:Antillean Creole
3477:
3476:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3189:Geraint Jennings
3110:
3101:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3071:
3061:
3055:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2976:
2970:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2819:
2658:< mogue/moque
2549:
2548:
2308:(black) currant
2252:
2251:
2245:Norse influences
2087:Standard French
2081:
2080:
1891:Standard French
1885:
1884:
1855:priver, enlever
1491:prowler, walker
1185:grief, hardship
1090:«choir», tomber
1019:
1018:
994:Cauchois dialect
806:(or Sarkese, in
749:
742:
738:
735:
729:
706:
698:
689:
681:
638:from modern day
570:
560:
550:
549:
548:
542:
540:[nɔʁmɑ̃]
529:
508:
499:
487:
461:
436:
429:
404:
210:
32:
31:
21:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6260:Channel Islands
6240:Norman language
6230:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6164:Maghrebi Arabic
6107:
6061:
6040:
6034:
6004:
5999:
5966:
5950:
5928:Pannonian Latin
5914:African Romance
5897:
5850:
5781:
5774:
5712:Judeo-Provençal
5585:
5574:
5551:
5500:
5410:Chilean Chilote
5352:
5238:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5161:
5149:Moselle Romance
5116:
4965:Missouri French
4926:Franco-Ontarian
4801:
4790:
4783:
4523:
4488:
4465:Southern Latian
4368:
4333:Maltese Italian
4265:Central Italian
4249:
4242:
4237:Common Romanian
4153:
4137:Italo-Dalmatian
4115:
4105:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4037:
3998:
3916:Moselle Romance
3876:Karipúna Creole
3803:
3732:
3644:Franco-Ontarian
3546:
3503:
3466:
3461:Canadian French
3449:
3443:
3413:
3408:
3382:
3350:
3309:
3263:Channel Islands
3258:
3256:Norman language
3253:
3208:
3205:
3117:
3090:
3089:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3010:
3006:
2993:
2991:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2925:Wayback Machine
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2878:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2820:
2809:
2804:
2791:Norman toponymy
2787:
2755:
2747:Le Roy le veult
2716:= guichet (cf.
2536:
2350:down (feather)
2247:
1696:méchant, cruel
1582:malade, blessé
1430:tranquillement
1370:(with a silent
1152:
1110:
1010:
923:Hiberno-Normans
919:Parisian French
777:Channel Islands
750:
739:
733:
730:
719:
707:
696:
629:
623:
544:
543:
511:
497:
483:
457:
432:
425:
405:
400:
344:
309:
302:
258:Gallo-Rhaetian?
246:Western Romance
226:Latino-Faliscan
211:
208:Language family
206:
200:
154:
150:
149:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6283:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6169:Medieval Greek
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6048:
6046:
6042:
6041:
6033:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6010:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5990:
5981:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5867:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5786:
5784:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5737:
5736:
5735:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5679:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5660:
5652:
5647:
5644:Judaeo-Catalan
5640:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5621:
5611:
5603:
5590:
5588:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5566:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5533:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5516:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5399:Latin American
5395:
5390:
5378:
5376:Judaeo-Spanish
5373:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5303:
5298:
5291:
5279:
5272:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5212:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5194:
5192:
5183:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5027:
5022:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4871:
4866:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4793:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4769:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4546:
4544:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4519:Judaeo-Italian
4516:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4387:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4261:
4259:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4179:
4174:
4172:Istro-Romanian
4169:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4120:Major branches
4117:
4116:
4112:classification
4104:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4060:
4054:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4017:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3977:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3948:
3943:
3936:
3931:
3924:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3885:
3878:
3873:
3870:Haitian Creole
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:Burundi Pidgin
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3678:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3557:
3555:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3204:
3203:External links
3201:
3200:
3199:
3186:
3181:André Dupont,
3179:
3172:
3157:
3142:
3132:
3129:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3102:
3088:
3087:
3056:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3004:
2971:
2956:
2954:, p. 337.
2944:
2932:
2909:
2869:
2839:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2783:
2754:
2751:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2538:Following the
2535:
2532:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:hommet/houmet
2402:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:mielle, mièle
2368:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2333:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2258:Norman French
2256:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2084:Norman French
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:Norman French
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1585:sick, injured
1583:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:Norman French
1009:
1006:
909:following the
818:
817:
811:
801:
791:
752:
751:
710:
708:
701:
695:
692:
652:North-Germanic
622:
619:
513:
512:
509:
501:
500:
495:
489:
488:
481:
475:
474:
469:
463:
462:
455:
447:
446:
430:
422:
421:
420:Language codes
417:
416:
406:
402:Writing system
399:
396:
395:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
350:
346:
345:
343:
342:
341:
340:
339:
338:
337:
336:
312:
310:
307:
304:
303:
301:
300:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
294:
293:
292:
291:
290:
289:
288:
287:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
278:
250:Gallo-Iberian?
214:
212:
205:
202:
201:
199:
198:
192:
186:
180:
174:
173:: 2,000 (2011)
168:
162:
155:
151:
148:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
133:
132:
127:
121:
115:
112:Norman Ireland
105:
91:
78:
77:
64:
48:
47:Native to
44:
43:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6282:
6271:
6270:Oïl languages
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6209:Siculo-Arabic
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6129:Tosk Albanian
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6119:Ancient Greek
6117:
6116:
6114:
6110:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6036:Languages of
6031:
6026:
6024:
6019:
6017:
6012:
6011:
6008:
5995:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5963:
5962:Proto-Romance
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:Reconstructed
5953:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5921:British Latin
5918:
5916:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5853:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5777:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5740:Vivaro-Alpine
5738:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5581:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5546:
5545:
5544:Old Navarrese
5541:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5394:
5393:Equatoguinean
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5174:
5168:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4847:Frainc-Comtou
4845:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4786:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:Judeo-Italian
4641:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4438:Castelmezzano
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4343:Swiss Italian
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4224:Transylvanian
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4183:Daco-Romanian
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4132:Italo-Western
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Frainc-Comtou
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3682:Middle French
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3571:St. Marys Bay
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Langues d'oïl
3469:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:2-9505884-0-9
3166:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3154:2-84706-178-9
3151:
3147:
3144:Alain Marie,
3143:
3141:
3140:2-84133-076-1
3137:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:2-9509074-0-7
3123:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3083:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3053:
3047:
3040:
3035:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2876:
2874:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2763:Quebec French
2760:
2759:North America
2750:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:Norman French
2554:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1886:
1883:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:garden fence
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:thin, skinny
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
969:
965:
960:
959:
957:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
816:(in Alderney)
815:
812:
809:
805:
802:
799:
795:
792:
789:
785:
782:
781:
780:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
748:
745:
737:
727:
723:
717:
716:
711:This section
709:
705:
700:
699:
691:
687:
679:
673:
668:
667:territories.
665:
661:
657:
656:Gallo-Romance
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
628:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
582:
581:
576:
575:
569:
564:
559:
554:
547:
541:
537:
533:
528:
523:
522:Norman French
519:
507:
502:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
480:
476:
473:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
454:
453:
448:
444:
440:
435:
431:
428:
423:
418:
414:
410:
407:
403:
397:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
352:
351:
347:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:Proto-Romance
322:
321:
320:
317:
316:
315:
311:
305:
277:
274:
273:
272:
269:
268:
267:
263:
260:
259:
257:
256:
255:
254:Gallo-Romance
252:
251:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:Italo-Western
239:
238:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
228:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
218:
217:
216:Indo-European
213:
209:
203:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
152:
146:
143:
140:
136:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
90:
86:
83:
82:
81:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
51:
50:
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Norman French
6219:Vulgar Latin
6183:
6103:Modern Greek
5983:
5974:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5861:
5763:
5756:
5718:Languedocien
5710:
5703:Judeo-Gascon
5701:
5642:
5593:
5563:Barranquenho
5542:
5535:
5511:
5493:
5435:
5397:
5380:
5371:Extremaduran
5345:
5319:
5305:
5293:
5281:
5274:
5231:
5190:Asturleonese
5154:
5147:
5105:West Walloon
5093:Saintongeais
5041:
5017:
5013:Anglo-Norman
5007:
4971:
4904:Newfoundland
4864:Jersey Legal
4856:
4764:
4729:Southwestern
4712:Vallassinese
4601:Gallo-Picene
4542:Gallo-Italic
4504:
4420:
4415:
4354:
4320:
4235:
4181:
4046:
3991:
3972:
3961:Saintongeais
3938:
3926:
3914:
3880:
3845:Camfranglais
3791:
3784:
3757:
3747:Anglo-Norman
3745:
3737:
3708:Newfoundland
3693:Metropolitan
3680:
3670:Jersey Legal
3668:
3659:Houma French
3499:Saint Lucian
3454:Areal groups
3448:and dialects
3362:Anglo-Norman
3335:Pays de Caux
3255:
3215:
3182:
3175:
3160:
3145:
3106:
3100:. F. Vieweg.
3096:
3066:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3013:
3007:
2999:
2992:. Retrieved
2983:
2974:
2964:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2885:
2860:. Retrieved
2851:
2842:
2825:
2756:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2647:< faichon
2633:cherry (ies)
2614:< caudron
2570:
2569:= chou (cf.
2566:< caboche
2537:
2517:
2483:slide, slip
2472:mávaʀ (pl.)
2425:
2419:
2342:myk (Norw.)
2336:
2326:
2248:
2230:
2222:chatouiller
2217:
2204:
2191:
2177:
2173:
2160:
2147:
2134:
2121:
2108:
2095:
2075:
2071:
2070:instead of
2067:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2043:
2039:
2025:
2021:
2008:
1995:
1981:
1977:
1964:
1959:right (law)
1951:
1938:
1925:
1912:
1899:
1881:
1868:
1863:
1850:
1845:
1832:
1827:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1792:
1787:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1746:
1741:
1728:
1723:
1710:
1704:
1699:mean, nasty
1691:
1685:
1672:
1666:
1653:
1648:
1635:
1630:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1595:
1590:
1577:
1572:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1537:
1532:
1519:
1514:
1501:
1496:
1483:
1478:
1465:
1460:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1354:
1349:
1336:
1331:
1318:
1312:
1299:
1293:
1280:
1274:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1217:
1212:
1207:to surprise
1199:
1194:
1190:
1177:
1172:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1115:in English)
1112:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1041:
1036:
1011:
990:Pays de Caux
975:
967:
961:
953:
935:
927:royal assent
903:Anglo-Norman
900:
892:
867:
862:termed the "
857:
834:
819:
774:
755:
740:
731:
720:Please help
715:verification
712:
669:
659:
630:
584:
580:Anglo-Norman
578:
574:langue d'oïl
572:
521:
517:
516:
479:Linguasphere
450:
355:Anglo-Norman
319:Vulgar Latin
275:
167:: 200 (2014)
79:
61:Pays de Caux
40:
29:
6154:Koine Greek
5939:Campidanese
5765:Old Catalan
5758:Old Occitan
5495:Old Spanish
5429:Rioplatense
5233:Old Leonese
5061:Cotentinais
5025:Guernésiais
4948:Frenchville
4941:New England
4820:Bourbonnais
4772:Piedmontese
4766:Old Lombard
4658:Bergamasque
4582:Sammarinese
4053:or dialects
3940:Petit nègre
3830:Bourbonnais
3775:Guernésiais
3770:Cotentinais
3649:Frenchville
3611:New England
3542:Seychellois
3341:Cotentinais
3325:Pays d'Auge
2902:11 November
2769:generally.
2713:< viquet
2705:= guerrier
2661:= mug, boc
2628:= chaussée
2617:= chaudron
2603:< acater
2418:mound (cf.
2183:le château
2180:is silent)
2046:is silent)
2028:is silent)
2016:to believe
1984:is silent)
1776:en anc. fr.
1497:marcauntier
1479:marcaundier
1225:to lighten
1154:de l'hierru
1149:de l'hierre
1025:Old French
986:Cotentinais
868:ligne Joret
849:rememberers
794:Guernésiais
642:arrived in
640:Scandinavia
607:Bourguignon
599:Roger Bacon
553:Guernésiais
439:Guernésiais
391:Cotentinais
363:Guernésiais
308:Early forms
195:Cotentinais
165:Guernésiais
6234:Categories
6189:Phoenician
6179:Old Norman
6159:Late Latin
5986:indicates
5944:Logudorese
5477:Philippine
5443:Andalusian
5437:Peninsular
5327:Estremenho
5283:Portuguese
5210:Cantabrian
5043:Law French
5035:Sercquiais
4869:Meridional
4830:Champenois
4825:Burgundian
4636:Tabarchino
4626:Monégasque
4565:Parmigiano
4422:Neapolitan
4395:Manduriano
4362:Florentine
4229:Wallachian
4199:Bukovinian
3928:Old French
3850:Champenois
3835:Burgundian
3799:Sercquiais
3793:Old Norman
3786:Law French
3728:Vietnamese
3688:Meridional
3522:Chagossian
3387:Literature
3378:Old Norman
3373:Law French
3041:"Causeway"
2952:Wolff 1991
2940:Moisy 1875
2827:Ethnologue
2802:References
2796:Joret line
2606:= acheter
2595:= chasser
2440:monticule
2390:*jarðhnot
2325:damp (cf.
2225:to tickle
2218:catouiller
2139:la chèvre
2135:la quièvre
1969:le poivre
1771:en normand
1715:niaiserie
1578:meshaignié
1502:marcantier
1484:marcandier
1461:manuyaunce
1408:semblable
1222:éclaircir
1218:esclargier
1164:du lierre
1108:chalongier
1014:Old French
915:Law French
864:Joret line
804:Sercquiais
627:Old Norman
586:Law French
437:(partial:
375:Sercquiais
371:Law French
334:Old Norman
329:Old French
177:Sercquiais
5994:varieties
5977:indicate
5934:Sardinian
5891:Triestine
5839:Sursilvan
5750:Mentonasc
5728:Provençal
5677:Auvergnat
5663:Valencian
5619:Mallorcan
5609:Algherese
5584:Occitano-
5531:Navarrese
5519:Aragonese
5455:Castilian
5358:Castilian
5334:Uruguayan
5307:Brazilian
5270:Minderico
5264:/Eonavian
5227:Mirandese
5141:Valdôtain
5127:/Arpitan
5068:Orléanais
5019:Auregnais
5003:Mayennais
4953:Louisiana
4835:Ardennais
4815:Berrichon
4621:Intemelio
4577:Forlivese
4560:Bolognese
4506:Dalmatian
4470:Tarantino
4433:Benevento
4390:Salentino
4350:Sassarese
4314:Gallurese
4297:Romanesco
4250:Dalmatian
4214:Moldavian
4209:Maramureș
4167:Aromanian
4064:varieties
4049:indicate
4031:Valdôtain
4022:/Arpitan
3993:Zarphatic
3934:Orléanais
3820:Berrichon
3759:Auregnais
3634:Cambodian
3616:Québécois
3537:Rodriguan
3527:Mauritian
3494:Grenadian
3489:Dominican
3270:Auregnais
3076:cite book
2887:Glottolog
2775:sociolect
2694:= guerre
2672:= pauvre
2669:< paur
2639:= cerise
2489:*skriðla
2447:Sheerness
2329:), humid
2262:Old Norse
2196:le chien
2152:la vache
2126:la jambe
2122:la gaumbe
2113:la chose
2096:la cauche
2003:to drink
1965:le peivre
1956:le droit
1943:le doigt
1930:la poire
1904:la foire
1840:to weave
1778:: pétale
1711:nienterie
1705:nienterie
1573:méhaignié
1538:marganier
1533:marganier
1466:manuiance
1359:souiller
1253:essourdre
1213:éclairgir
1160:de l'iere
1113:challenge
1104:calungier
1099:calengier
1002:Deauville
888:Thiérache
841:Auregnais
835:The last
814:Auregnais
734:July 2024
672:phonology
664:Old Norse
568:Nouormand
452:Glottolog
427:ISO 639-3
359:Auregnais
314:Old Latin
161:: extinct
159:Auregnais
6204:Siculian
6093:Arbëresh
6073:Sicilian
5870:Venetian
5844:Vallader
5834:Surmiran
5807:Cadorino
5790:Friulian
5723:Limousin
5692:Béarnese
5654:Western
5636:Northern
5624:Menorcan
5614:Balearic
5605:Eastern
5601:dialects
5460:Castrapo
5417:Peruvian
5388:dialects
5321:European
5289:dialects
5276:Portugis
5257:Galician
5198:Asturian
5136:Savoyard
5088:Poitevin
5056:Cauchois
5030:Jèrriais
4877:Canadian
4756:Varesino
4751:Ticinese
4739:Novarese
4734:Cremunés
4724:Ossolano
4719:Milanese
4707:Lecchese
4675:Brianzöö
4606:Ligurian
4572:Romagnol
4453:Arianese
4448:Irpinian
4443:Cilentan
4407:Pantesco
4402:Sicilian
4373:Southern
4309:Corsican
4285:Macerata
4280:Fabriano
4219:Oltenian
4189:dialects
4149:Southern
4026:Savoyard
3956:Poitevin
3865:Guianese
3780:Jèrriais
3765:Cauchois
3718:Standard
3698:Missouri
3639:Francien
3589:Kinshasa
3345:Cotentin
3331:Cauchois
3290:Jèrriais
3284:Guernsey
3274:Alderney
3163:, 1991.
3148:, 2005.
2988:Archived
2980:"Norman"
2927:, 2012,
2921:Archived
2896:Archived
2856:Archived
2785:See also
2765:and the
2650:= façon
2622:causeway
2611:cauldron
2520:borrowed
2495:glisser
2466:seagull
2449:, etc.)
2255:English
2209:chasser
2192:le quien
2174:le câtel
2165:le chat
2148:la vaque
2090:Meaning
1990:to have
1952:le dreit
1939:le deigt
1926:la peire
1917:la fois
1900:la feire
1894:Meaning
1680:traitor
1677:traître
1643:to show
1640:montrer
1622:lépreux
1603:leprosy
1556:meshaing
1520:marganer
1515:marganer
1426:liéement
1411:similar
1262:exsurdre
1258:essurdre
1244:secouer
1204:étonner
1200:esbaubir
1111:(became
1071:to burn
1031:Meaning
872:dialects
860:isogloss
845:Alderney
798:Guernsey
784:Jèrriais
758:Normandy
660:Normandy
644:Neustria
589:used in
563:Jèrriais
527:Normaund
459:norm1245
443:Jèrriais
386:Cauchois
367:Jèrriais
349:Dialects
189:Cauchois
171:Jèrriais
142:Normandy
85:Alderney
71:Guernsey
53:Normandy
41:Normaund
6139:Elymian
6078:Italian
6052:Italian
5975:Italics
5876:Chipilo
5819:Romansh
5782:Romance
5780:Rhaeto-
5745:Gardiol
5697:Landese
5687:Aranese
5672:Occitan
5631:Central
5595:Catalan
5586:Romance
5487:Creoles
5482:Saharan
5470:Murcian
5448:Llanito
5405:Chilean
5382:Spanish
5339:Creoles
5313:Mineiro
5295:African
5220:Riberan
5215:Leonese
5180:Iberian
5173:Romance
5100:Walloon
5073:Paydret
5051:Augeron
4991:Vosgien
4986:Gaumais
4981:Lorrain
4973:Creoles
4936:Muskrat
4882:Acadian
4810:Angevin
4800:Langues
4791:Romance
4697:Comasco
4670:Western
4663:Cremish
4653:Eastern
4648:Lombard
4616:Genoese
4611:Brigasc
4555:Emilian
4533:Western
4512:Istriot
4475:Vastese
4460:Molisan
4322:Italian
4258:Central
4204:Crișana
4159:Eastern
4142:Western
4127:Eastern
4047:Italics
3980:Walloon
3974:Tây Bồi
3888:Lorrain
3815:Angevin
3753:Augeron
3703:Muskrat
3676:Laotian
3654:Haitian
3601:Belgian
3584:Abidjan
3578:African
3561:Acadian
3532:Réunion
3517:Agalega
3321:Augeron
3220:. 1905.
3115:Sources
3029:"Catch"
2994:22 July
2732:captain
2699:warrior
2644:fashion
2571:caboche
2563:cabbage
2558:French
2552:English
2431:hougue
2345:humide
2269:French
2205:cachier
2186:castle
2176:(final
2109:la cose
2052:to see
2042:(final
2024:(final
2013:croire
1980:(final
1972:pepper
1946:finger
1913:la feis
1869:trestuz
1864:trétous
1837:tisser
1819:tarder
1815:targier
1810:tergier
1806:targier
1788:souleir
1773:: tige
1688:(adj.)
1658:cacher
1649:muchier
1636:mustrer
1631:moûtrer
1591:méselle
1524:moquer
1509:canary
1444:maishui
1422:liement
1417:liement
1350:hourder
1307:hatred
1294:haingue
1285:maigre
1281:haingre
1277:(adj.)
1275:haingre
1266:élever
1240:escudre
1236:escurre
1231:écourre
1195:ébaubir
1191:ébauber
1167:of ivy
1068:brûler
1042:alosier
1037:alosier
1028:French
907:England
884:Hainaut
880:Belgian
775:In the
636:Vikings
621:History
591:England
558:Normand
536:Normand
381:Augeron
262:Arpitan
236:Romance
183:Augeron
6199:Sicani
6184:Norman
6144:Hebrew
6124:Arabic
6038:Sicily
5906:Others
5886:Talian
5881:Fiuman
5855:Others
5795:Fornes
5733:Niçard
5682:Gascon
5650:Patuet
5556:Others
5465:Castúo
5171:Ibero-
5131:Faetar
5078:Picard
5008:Norman
4996:Welche
4919:Magoua
4909:Quebec
4899:Brayon
4858:French
4840:Rémois
4789:Gallo-
4744:Pavese
4702:Laghée
4680:Canzés
4631:Royasc
4493:Others
4428:Barese
4356:Tuscan
4302:Sabino
4275:Ancona
4248:Italo-
4014:Faetar
3946:Picard
3922:Nouchi
3910:Michif
3893:Welche
3808:Others
3738:Norman
3664:Indian
3627:Magoua
3596:Aostan
3552:French
3294:Jersey
3195:
3167:
3152:
3138:
3124:
2862:6 July
2822:Norman
2779:Quebec
2740:kennel
2736:cattle
2728:canvas
2718:piquet
2710:wicket
2578:castle
2434:haugʀ
2407:hólmʀ
2401:islet
2332:mucre
2314:gaddʀ
2280:beita
2235:chaud
2161:le cat
2116:thing
2103:shoes
2034:black
2009:creire
2000:boire
1987:avoir
1833:tistre
1793:soleir
1782:petal
1760:paumpe
1751:salir
1736:dirty
1692:nastre
1673:nastre
1667:nartre
1654:mucier
1625:leper
1609:mésiau
1600:lèpre
1596:mesele
1560:mehain
1551:méhain
1448:meshui
1439:maishî
1389:there
1332:herdre
1313:haiset
1304:haine
1300:haenge
1178:dehait
1173:déhait
1064:ardeir
942:Sicily
830:Jersey
788:Jersey
762:France
603:Picard
532:French
518:Norman
472:Norman
441:&
373:, and
276:Norman
221:Italic
138:Region
118:Canada
67:Jersey
35:Norman
6194:Punic
5829:Putèr
5824:Jauer
5812:Nones
5802:Ladin
5301:Asian
4958:Houma
4931:Métis
4914:Joual
4887:Chiac
4852:Gallo
4802:d'oïl
4194:Banat
3860:Gallo
3825:Bolze
3723:Swiss
3622:Joual
3606:Métis
3566:Chiac
2771:Joual
2600:cater
2589:catch
2373:melʀ
2356:dúnn
2327:muggy
2303:oyat
2274:bait
2142:goat
2049:voir
2031:noir
1996:beire
1978:aveir
1933:pear
1920:time
1851:tolir
1846:tolir
1828:tître
1766:pampe
1762:(f.)
1747:ordir
1742:ordir
1733:sale
1707:(f.)
1686:nâtre
1669:(m.)
1618:mesel
1613:mésel
1399:intel
1382:iluec
1355:order
1337:erdre
1319:haise
1315:(m.)
1296:(f.)
1156:(m.)
1143:with
1140:avec
1082:caeir
1077:caeir
1060:ardre
1055:ardre
998:Paris
954:See:
633:Norse
631:When
409:Latin
231:Latin
110:(see
96:(see
5984:Bold
5569:Caló
5252:Fala
5178:West
3968:Tayo
3304:Sark
3193:ISBN
3165:ISBN
3150:ISBN
3136:ISBN
3122:ISBN
3082:link
3050:The
2996:2020
2904:2023
2864:2013
2738:and
2677:wait
2666:poor
2506:vík
2455:nes
2452:nez
2426:high
2421:howe
2337:muck
2317:(-)
2238:hot
2231:caud
2199:dog
2168:cat
2155:cow
2129:leg
2074:and
2066:and
2040:veir
2022:neir
1724:orde
1404:itel
1395:itel
1378:iloc
1368:iloc
1151:(f.)
1127:d'ot
1086:caïr
936:The
901:The
886:and
853:Herm
808:Sark
786:(in
682:and
605:and
583:and
493:IETF
100:and
89:Herm
75:Sark
59:and
2852:BBC
2824:at
2777:of
2688:war
2655:mug
2072:ch-
2064:qu-
1808:or
1729:ort
1611:or
1386:là
973:).
968:see
866:" (
858:An
839:of
760:in
724:by
520:or
498:nrf
467:ELP
434:nrf
271:Oïl
266:Oïl
6236::
3618:*
3580:*
3214:.
3078:}}
3074:{{
2998:.
2986:.
2982:.
2894:.
2890:.
2884:.
2872:^
2854:.
2850:.
2810:^
2734:,
2730:,
2720:)
2573:)
2428:)
2424:,
2339:)
2068:g-
2062:/
2060:c-
1558:,
1446:,
1424:,
1397:/
1380:,
1374:)
1260:,
1238:,
1193:,
1136:ot
1134:,
1132:od
1106:,
1084:,
1062:,
952:.
898:.
772:.
617:.
565::
561:,
555::
551:,
534::
530:,
369:,
365:,
361:,
87:,
73:,
69:,
6029:e
6022:t
6015:v
5182:)
5176:(
4114:)
4110:(
4100:e
4093:t
4086:v
3872:*
3554:*
3463:*
3438:e
3431:t
3424:v
3347:)
3343:(
3337:)
3333:(
3327:)
3323:(
3306:)
3302:(
3296:)
3292:(
3286:)
3282:(
3276:)
3272:(
3248:e
3241:t
3234:v
3171:.
3156:.
3128:.
3084:)
2906:.
2866:.
2178:l
2076:j
2044:r
2026:r
1982:r
1372:c
992:(
984:(
958:.
810:)
800:)
790:)
747:)
741:(
736:)
732:(
718:.
688:/
686:k
684:/
680:/
678:h
676:/
524:(
445:)
415:)
411:(
377:)
357:(
264:–
114:)
104:)
63:)
55:(
20:)
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