Commonwealth of Nations

8861: 8853: 4815:. The debt was held in the form of British government securities and became known as "sterling balances". By 1950, India, Pakistan and Ceylon had spent much of their sterling, whilst other countries accumulated more. The sterling area included all of the Commonwealth except for Canada, together with some smaller countries especially in the Persian Gulf. They held their foreign-exchange in sterling, protecting that currency from runs and facilitating trade and investment inside the Commonwealth. It was a formal relationship with fixed exchange rates, periodic meetings at Commonwealth summits to coordinate trade policy, and domestic economic policies. The United Kingdom ran a trade surplus, and the other countries were mostly producers of raw materials sold to the United Kingdom. The commercial rationale was gradually less attractive to the Commonwealth; however, access to the growing London capital market remained an important advantage to the newly independent nations. As the United Kingdom moved increasingly close to Europe, however, the long-term ties began to be in doubt. 1804: 4859:, with Gregory Johnson describing it as "the last gasp of empire". Australia and New Zealand were generally opposed to the United Kingdom's entry and exerted considerable influence on the eventual terms of accession in 1972, for which the United Kingdom agreed to transitional arrangements and monetary compensation to protect important export markets. Russell Ward summarises the period in economic terms: "In fact the United Kingdom, as Australia's chief trading partner, was being very rapidly replaced just at this time by the United States and an economically resurgent Japan, but most people were scarcely aware of this.... It was feared that British entry into the Common Market was bound to mean abolition, or at least scaling down, of preferential tariff arrangements for Australians goods." 1286: 5592: 5611: 4847:. The United States, international agencies, and the Soviet Union became important players, and the British role receded. Whilst there was opposition to British entry into the EEC from many countries, such as Australia, others preferred the economic advantages brought by British access to the Common Market. The historic ties between the former dominion nations and the United Kingdom were rapidly fraying. The Canadian economy increasingly focused on trade with the United States, and not on trade with the United Kingdom or other Commonwealth nations. Internal Canadian disputes revolved around the growing American cultural and economic presence, and the strong force of 2113: 2237: 4909: 4156: 2397: 719: 2021: 5093: 2379:(CHRI) finding that "the state of governance and human rights in Rwanda does not satisfy Commonwealth standards", and that it "does not therefore qualify for admission". CHRI commented that: "It does not make sense to admit a state that already does not satisfy Commonwealth standards. This would tarnish the reputation of the Commonwealth and confirm the opinion of many people and civic organisations that the leaders of its governments do not really care for democracy and human rights, and that its periodic, solemn declarations are merely hot air." 3034: 216: 4995: 83: 2902:(EPG) panel which asserted that the organisation had lost its relevance and was decaying due to the lack of a mechanism to censure member countries when they violated human rights or democratic norms. The panel made 106 "urgent" recommendations including the adoption of a Charter of the Commonwealth, the creation of a new commissioner on the rule of law, democracy and human rights to track persistent human rights abuses and allegations of political repression by Commonwealth member states, recommendations for the repeal of 4090: 2917:, a member of the EPG, who told a press conference: "The Commonwealth faces a very significant problem. It's not a problem of hostility or antagonism, it's more of a problem of indifference. Its purpose is being questioned, its relevance is being questioned and part of that is because its commitment to enforce the values for which it stands is becoming ambiguous in the eyes of many member states. The Commonwealth is not a private club of the governments or the secretariat. It belongs to the people of the Commonwealth." 689: 2164: 1464: 3298: 320: 5275:, with the Caribbean nations in cricket and netball, and with the Indian subcontinent in cricket and hockey. Canada, by contrast, is dominated by North American sports, including baseball instead of cricket, basketball rather than netball, ice hockey rather than field hockey and Canadian football, rather than rugby union or league. Canada does, however, maintain small enthusiastic communities in all the more traditional Commonwealth sports, having reached the World Cup in each of them, and is the homeplace of the 98: 1298: 4321: 788: 4519: 3001: 872: 201: 69: 5763: 4024: 661: 4618: 913: 5334: 2409: 845: 5217: 4354: 4255: 803: 760: 2766: 4123: 3925: 3067: 704: 620: 229: 5749: 15602: 4222: 3100: 746: 242: 3826: 580: 398: 4893:; however, it is far from clear that this would either offer sufficient economic benefit to replace the impact of leaving the EU or be acceptable to other member states. Although the EU is already in the process of negotiating free trade agreements with many Commonwealth countries such as India and Canada, it took the EU almost ten years to come to an agreement with Canada, due to the challenge associated with achieving the necessary EU-wide approvals. 4760: 4717: 4387: 818: 4288: 3793: 774: 567: 15612: 3133: 255: 3694: 3364: 3199: 528: 346: 281: 4453: 4420: 3991: 3727: 3595: 3265: 832: 647: 541: 489: 359: 307: 3958: 3529: 3430: 634: 463: 424: 5372: 4651: 3859: 3628: 1951: 927: 593: 502: 1977:. The secretariat organises Commonwealth summits, meetings of ministers, consultative meetings and technical discussions; it assists policy development and provides policy advice, and facilitates multilateral communication amongst the member governments. It also provides technical assistance to help governments in the social and economic development of their countries and in support of the Commonwealth's fundamental political values. 4552: 3463: 3331: 3232: 3166: 886: 437: 333: 294: 268: 4684: 4585: 4057: 3661: 940: 899: 675: 515: 4189: 733: 385: 4486: 3892: 3760: 3562: 3397: 858: 606: 554: 476: 411: 372: 1670:

the nations in the Commonwealth and therefore they join. At the same time, it is made perfectly clear that each country is completely free to go its own way; it may be that they may go, sometimes go so far as to break away from the Commonwealth...Otherwise, apart from breaking the evil parts of the association, it is better to keep a co-operative association going which may do good in this world rather than break it.

5357:, one of the highest honours in literature, used to be awarded only to authors from Commonwealth countries or former members such as Ireland and Zimbabwe. Since 2014, however, writers of any nationality have been eligible for the prize providing that they write originally in English and their novels are published by established publishers in the United Kingdom. Today, the Commonwealth Foundation awards the annual 5300:

also more avowedly political than events like the Olympics, promoting what are seen as Commonwealth values; historically, a history of shared military endeavour was celebrated and promoted, parasport and disability sport is fully integrated, and the Commonwealth Games Federation has publicly backed the rights of LGBT people, despite the continuing criminalisation of homosexuality in many Commonwealth countries.

3496: 450: 2882:, which built on those in Singapore and Harare and clarified their terms of reference, stating, "We are committed to democracy, good governance, human rights, gender equality, and a more equitable sharing of the benefits of globalisation." The Commonwealth website lists its areas of work as: democracy, economics, education, gender, governance, human rights, law, small states, sport, sustainability, and youth. 5353:"to encourage and reward the upsurge of new Commonwealth fiction and ensure that works of merit reach a wider audience outside their country of origin". Prizes are awarded for the best book and best first book in the Commonwealth; there are also regional prizes for the best book and best first book in each of four regions. Although not officially affiliated with the Commonwealth, the prestigious annual 5181:

organisations who work with local government. Practitioner to practitioner support is at the core of CLGF's work across the Commonwealth and within the region, using CLGF's own members to support others both within and between regions. CLGF is a member of the Global Taskforce of Local and Regional Governments, the formal partner of the UN Major Group of Local Authorities.

1765:, a former French colony, joined the Commonwealth, despite never having been under British rule. Gabon was partially suspended from the Commonwealth in September 2023 following a military coup, with two years given by the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group for the country to hold new elections before a full suspension of Commonwealth membership would be considered. 4972:. Admittance is open to all members of the Commonwealth, and in December 2008, stood at 46 out of the 53 member countries. Associate Membership, which is open to associated states or overseas territories of member governments, has been granted to Gibraltar. 2005 saw celebrations for the Foundation's 40th Anniversary. The Foundation is headquartered in 2672:

suspension was amended to a suspension from councils of the Commonwealth by the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group, permitting Fiji to join a number of Commonwealth activities, including the Commonwealth Games. Fiji's suspension was lifted in September 2014. The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group fully reinstated Fiji as a member following

5132:. The CWGC is notable for marking the graves identically, regardless of the rank, country of origin, race, or religion of the buried. It is funded by voluntary agreement by six Commonwealth members, in proportion to the nationality of the casualties in the graves maintained, with 75% of the funding coming from the United Kingdom. 5639:. The Commonwealth leadership was criticized for admitting Gabon as a member at the 2022 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Kigali, Rwanda – a country with poor human rights record - despite the fact that Gabon had been governed for 56 years by the kleptocratic Bongo family, until they were overthrown in a coup in 2023. 2551:"self-representation in all Commonwealth meetings; full participation in debates and procedures, with a right to speak where relevant and the opportunity to enter into discussions with those who are full members; and no right to vote in the Ministerial or Heads of Government meetings, which is reserved for full members". The 5287:

character (in cricket, rugby league and rugby union). Indeed, said rivalries preserved close ties by providing a constant in international relationships, even as the Empire transformed into the Commonwealth. Externally, playing these sports is seen to be a sign of sharing a certain Commonwealth culture; the adoption of

1695:, and newly independent African countries were joining the Commonwealth, new ideas were floated to prevent the United Kingdom from becoming isolated in economic affairs. British trade with the Commonwealth was four times larger than its trade with Europe. In 1956 and 1957, the British government, under Prime Minister 2590: 5630:

Whilst, due to their shared constitutional histories, most countries in the Commonwealth have outwardly similar legal and political systems, several of them – including Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Nigeria, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Uganda – have experienced

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political power, was not accompanied by an application to remain. Commonwealth membership was held to have lapsed until 1997, after discriminatory provisions in the republican constitution were repealed and reapplication for membership made. Fiji has since been suspended twice, with the first imposed

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In 1997 the Commonwealth Heads of Government agreed that, to become a member of the Commonwealth, an applicant country should, as a rule, have had a constitutional association with an existing Commonwealth member; that it should comply with Commonwealth values, principles and priorities as set out in

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is an intergovernmental organisation, resourced by and reporting to Commonwealth governments, and guided by Commonwealth values and priorities. Its mandate is to strengthen civil society in the achievement of Commonwealth priorities: democracy and good governance, respect for human rights and gender

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In the end, two-thirds of the EPG's 106 urgently recommended reforms were referred to study groups, an act described by one EPG member as having them "kicked into the long grass". There was no agreement to create the recommended position of human rights commissioner, instead a ministerial management

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We join the Commonwealth obviously because we think it is beneficial to us and to certain causes in the world that we wish to advance. The other countries of the Commonwealth want us to remain there because they think it is beneficial to them. It is mutually understood that it is to the advantage of

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had to ratify the statute for it to take effect. Newfoundland never did as due to economic hardship and the need for financial assistance from London, Newfoundland voluntarily accepted the suspension of self-government in 1934 and governance reverted to direct control from London. Newfoundland later

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cycle is the most visible demonstration of these sporting ties. The Games include standard multi-sports disciplines like athletics, swimming, gymnastics, and cycling, but also includes sports popular in the Commonwealth that are distinct to the Games such as netball, squash and lawn bowls. They are

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CLGF is unique in bringing together central, provincial and local spheres of government involved in local government policy and decision-making. CLGF members include local government associations, individual local authorities, ministries dealing with local government, and research and professional

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The Commonwealth Secretariat regulates formal accreditation with the Commonwealth through its Accreditation Committee. The admittance criteria includes upholding a commitment to the Commonwealth Charter. There are currently approximately 80 organisations holding formal accreditation. These include

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in 1997 ended the territory's status as a part of the Commonwealth through the United Kingdom. Non-sovereign states or regions are not permitted to become members of the Commonwealth. The government of China has not pursued membership. Hong Kong has nevertheless continued to participate in some of

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New members must "as a general rule" have a direct constitutional link to an existing member. In most cases, this is due to being a former colony of the United Kingdom, but some have links to other countries, either exclusively or more directly (e.g., Bangladesh to Pakistan, Samoa to New Zealand,

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The post-war Commonwealth was given a fresh mission by Queen Elizabeth II in her Christmas Day 1953 broadcast, in which she envisioned the Commonwealth as "an entirely new conception – built on the highest qualities of the Spirit of Man: friendship, loyalty, and the desire for freedom and peace".

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early 20th-century vision of a world empire that could combine Imperial preference, mutual defence and social growth. In addition, the United Kingdom's cosmopolitan role in world affairs became increasingly limited, especially with the losses of India and Singapore. Whilst British politicians at

1412:, the United Kingdom and its dominions agreed they were "equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations". The term " 5690:

The Commonwealth has adopted a number of symbols that represent the association of its members. The English language is recognised as a symbol of the members' heritage; as well as being considered a symbol of the Commonwealth, recognition of it as "the means of Commonwealth communication" is a

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This shared sporting landscape has led to the development of friendly national rivalries between the main sporting nations that have often defined their relations with each other, and in the cases of India, Australia and New Zealand, have played a major part in defining their emerging national

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has shown that trade with another Commonwealth member is up to 50% more than with a non-member on average, with smaller and less wealthy states having a higher propensity to trade within the Commonwealth. At the 2005 Summit in Malta, the heads of government endorsed pursuing free trade amongst

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and the technical assistance programme (with an exception for assistance in re-establishing democracy). Sharma stated that Fiji would remain a member of the Commonwealth during its suspension, but would be excluded from emblematic representation by the secretariat. On 19 March 2014 Fiji's full

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Recalling that the Commonwealth is a voluntary association of independent and equal sovereign states, each responsible for its own policies, consulting and co-operating in the common interests of our peoples and in the promotion of international understanding and world peace, and influencing

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have called on the UK foreign secretary to request that the Commonwealth heads of government "consider granting associate membership to Jersey and the other Crown Dependencies as well as any other territories at a similarly advanced stage of autonomy". Jersey has proposed that it be accorded

1699:, considered a "Plan G" to create a European free trade zone whilst also protecting the favoured status of the Commonwealth. The United Kingdom also considered inviting Scandinavian and other European countries to join the Commonwealth, so that it would become a major economic common market. 5329:

The shared history of British presence has produced a substantial body of writing in many languages, known as Commonwealth literature. The Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies (ACLALS) has 11 branches worldwide and holds an international conference every three years.

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The Commonwealth comprises 56 countries, across all inhabited continents. The members have a combined population of 2.4 billion people, almost a third of the world population, with 1.4 billion living in India, and 94% living in either Asia or Africa. After India, the next-largest

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The games are the Commonwealth's most visible activity and interest in the operation of the Commonwealth increases greatly when the Games are held. There is controversy over whether the games—and sport generally—should be involved in the Commonwealth's wider political concerns. The 1977

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countries. It was often used in debates regarding immigration from these countries. The United Kingdom and the pre-1945 dominions became informally known as the Old Commonwealth, or more pointedly as the 'white Commonwealth', in reference to what had been known as the 'White Dominions'.

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South Sudanese politicians have expressed interest in joining the Commonwealth. A senior Commonwealth source stated in 2006 that "many people have assumed an interest from Israel, but there has been no formal approach". Israel and Palestine are both potential candidates for membership.

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is seen as symbolic of the country's move towards Commonwealth membership. More broadly, Rwanda's membership of the Commonwealth has been credited with helping popularise cricket in the country, with both men and women playing it in orphanages, schools, universities and cricket clubs.

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pandemic, it was rescheduled to be held there in the week of 21 June 2021 before once again being postponed to 25-26 June 2022. It was accompanied by meetings of a Commonwealth Business Forum, a Commonwealth Youth Forum, a Commonwealth Women's Forum and a Commonwealth People's Forum.

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Commonwealth countries share a common culture which includes the English language, sports, legal systems, education and government. These commonalities are the result of the Commonwealth's heritage, having developed out of the British Empire. Symbols of the Commonwealth include the

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The land area of the Commonwealth nations is about 31,500,000 km (12,200,000 sq mi), or about 21% of the total world land area. The two largest Commonwealth nations by area are Canada at 9,984,670 km (3,855,100 sq mi) and Australia at 7,617,930 km

2328:(CMAG), which has the power to rule on whether members meet the requirements for membership under the Harare Declaration. Also in 1995, an Inter-Governmental Group was created to finalise and codify the full requirements for membership. Upon reporting in 1997, as adopted under the 6070:

They are autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of

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The Commonwealth Local Government Forum (CLGF) is a global local government organisation, bringing together local authorities, their national associations and the ministries responsible for local government in the member countries of the Commonwealth. CLGF works with national and

2663:. At first, the suspension applied only to membership on the Councils of the Commonwealth. After failing to meet a Commonwealth deadline for setting a date for national elections by 2010, Fiji was "fully suspended" on 1 September 2009. The secretary-general of the Commonwealth, 2057:

to resident Commonwealth citizens. Some countries, including the United Kingdom, have preferential citizenship acquisition or residency policies for Commonwealth citizens. Initially, Commonwealth countries were not considered to be "foreign" to each other as their citizens were

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and Colonial Conferences, dating back to 1887. There are also regular meetings of finance ministers, law ministers, health ministers and others. Members in arrears, as special members before them, are not invited to send representatives to either ministerial meetings or CHOGMs.

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During the Second World War, the British Empire played a major role in supporting British finances. Foreign exchange reserves were pooled in London, to be used to fight the war. In effect the United Kingdom procured £2.3 billion, of which £1.3 billion was from

2439:'s recommendation. There are currently no members in arrears. The most recent member in arrears, Nauru, returned to full membership in June 2011. Nauru has alternated between special and full membership since joining the Commonwealth, depending on its financial situation. 1344:

on 1 July 1867 had been the birth of the "first independent country within the British Empire". She declared: "So, it also marks the beginning of that free association of independent states which is now known as the Commonwealth of Nations." As long ago as 18 January 1884

1969:, established in 1965, is the main intergovernmental agency of the Commonwealth, facilitating consultation and co-operation amongst member governments and countries. It is responsible to member governments collectively. The Commonwealth of Nations is represented in the 5719:

commissioned a poll of public opinion in seven of the member states: Australia, Canada, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, South Africa and the United Kingdom. It found that most people in these countries were largely ignorant of the Commonwealth's activities, aside from the

1634:, India agreed, when it became a republic in January 1950, it would remain in the Commonwealth and accept the British Sovereign as a "symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth". Upon hearing this, King 1622:; in doing so, it also formally left the Commonwealth. Whilst Ireland had not actively participated in the Commonwealth since the early 1930s, other dominions wished to become republics without losing Commonwealth ties. The issue came to a head in April 1949 at a 2559:

have made calls of a similar nature for a more integrated relationship with the Commonwealth, including more direct representation and enhanced participation in Commonwealth organisations and meetings, including Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings. The

5117:, and maintains individual graves at another 20,000 sites around the world. The vast majority of the latter are civilian cemeteries in the United Kingdom. In 1998, the CWGC made the records of its buried available online to facilitate easier searching. 4839:

argues that joining Europe "constituted the most decisive step yet in the progress of severance of familial ties between the United Kingdom and its former Empire... It reduced the remaining links to sentimental and cultural ones, and legal niceties."

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from other Commonwealth countries. In particular, British embassies and consulates may provide assistance to Commonwealth nationals in non-Commonwealth countries if their own country is not represented. Commonwealth citizens are eligible to apply for

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one-party rule, civilian or military dictatorships or destructive civil wars, and many still suffer from rampant corruption and poor governance despite the fact that the Commonwealth requires its members to be functioning democracies that respect

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would be a requirement for membership, leading directly to the withdrawal of South Africa's re-application (which they were required to make under the formula of the London Declaration upon becoming a republic). The 14 points of the 1971

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with their own monarchs. Whilst some countries retained the same monarch as the United Kingdom, their monarchies developed differently and soon became essentially independent of the British monarchy. The monarch is regarded as a separate

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group was empowered with enforcement: the group includes alleged human rights offenders. It was agreed to develop a charter of values for the Commonwealth without any decision on how compliance with its principles would be enforced.

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as the means of Commonwealth communication, and respect the wishes of the general population with regard to Commonwealth membership. These requirements had undergone review, and a report on potential amendments was presented by the

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of over $ 9 trillion, 78% of which is accounted for by the four largest economies: India ($ 3.737 trillion), United Kingdom ($ 3.124 trillion), Canada ($ 1.652 trillion), and Australia ($ 1.379 trillion).

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Commonwealth countries by population are Pakistan (227 million), Nigeria (213 million), Bangladesh (167 million), and the United Kingdom (68 million). Tuvalu is the smallest member, with about 12,000 people.

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Papua New Guinea to Australia, and Singapore to Malaysia). Mozambique, in 1995, was the first country to join without such a constitutional connection, leading to the Edinburgh Declaration and the current membership guidelines.

9047: 2586:(CMAG), which meets regularly to address potential breaches of the Harare Declaration. Suspended members are not represented at meetings of Commonwealth leaders and ministers, although they remain members of the organisation. 5732:

Also to mark the 60th anniversary (Diamond Jubilee) of the Commonwealth in 2009, the Commonwealth Secretariat commissioned Paul Carroll to compose "The Commonwealth Anthem". The lyrics of the Anthem are taken from the 1948

9859: 4980:. Regular liaison and co-operation between the Secretariat and the Foundation is in place. The Foundation continues to serve the broad purposes for which it was established as written in the Memorandum of Understanding. 2190:, "Commonwealth soldiers are, and always will be, an important and valued part of the fabric of the British Army." Thousands of potential Commonwealth recruits have been turned away due to a lack of eligible vacancies. 4925:

Commonwealth countries share many links outside government, with over a hundred non-governmental organisations, notably for sport, culture, education, law, and charity claiming to operate on a Commonwealth-wide basis.

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to retain membership when it became a republic in 1950, although Ireland did not rejoin. Now, the majority of the Commonwealth members, including all those from Africa, are republics or have their own native monarch.

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of 1.7 million service personnel who died in the First and Second World Wars fighting for Commonwealth member states. Founded in 1917 (as the Imperial War Graves Commission), the commission has constructed 2,500

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South Africa was effectively barred from continuing as a member after it became a republic in 1961, due to hostility from many members, particularly those in Africa and Asia as well as Canada, to its policy of racial

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In October 2010, a leaked memo from the Secretary General instructing staff not to speak out on human rights was published, leading to accusations that the Commonwealth was not being vocal enough on its core values.

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The close association amongst Commonwealth countries is reflected in the diplomatic protocols of the Commonwealth countries. For example, when engaging bilaterally with one another, Commonwealth governments exchange

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We may also help Commonwealth nationals in non-Commonwealth countries where they do not have any diplomatic or consular representation, but will normally ask their nearest embassy to provide any ongoing assistance

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Each headstone contains the national emblem or regimental badge, rank, name, unit, date of death and age of each casualty inscribed above an appropriate religious symbol and a more personal dedication chosen by

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The End of Empire: Dependencies since 1948: Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth: The West Indies, British Honduras, Hong Kong, Fiji, Cyprus, Gibraltar, and the

10418: 6535: 10327: 15855: 10358: 2913:. The failure to release the report, or accept its recommendations for reforms in the area of human rights, democracy and the rule of law, was described as a "disgrace" by former British foreign secretary 2240:

The members of the Commonwealth shaded according to their political status. Commonwealth realms are shown in blue, whilst republics are shaded pink, and members with their own monarchies are displayed in

1830:. However, when the monarch dies, the successor to the crown does not automatically become the new head of the Commonwealth. Despite this, at their meeting in April 2018, Commonwealth leaders agreed that 5150:

to encourage the development and sharing of open learning/distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. COL is helping developing nations improve access to quality education and training.

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was signed by Queen Elizabeth II on 11 March 2013 at Marlborough House, which opposes "all forms of discrimination, whether rooted in gender, race, colour, creed, political belief or other grounds".

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The Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth on 13 October 2016, citing Commonwealth's "punitive actions against the Maldives since 2012" after the allegedly forced resignation of Maldivian President

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The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948...repealed the external relations act, and provided for the declaration of a republic, which came into force on 18 Apr. 1949, when Ireland left the commonwealth.

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that year. The Commonwealth provided technical assistance and training for a peacekeeping force prior to election, with Commonwealth observers significantly present during the election itself.

1518: 12058: 16029: 15901: 12842: 12189: 10991: 5062:, but were deliberately designed to be "the Friendly Games", with the goal of promoting relations between Commonwealth countries and celebrating their shared sporting and cultural heritage. 16009: 15865: 9740: 6760: 15936: 15931: 15891: 8823: 2744:

left on 30 January 1972 in protest at the Commonwealth's recognition of breakaway Bangladesh, but rejoined on 2 August 1989. Zimbabwe's membership was suspended in 2002 on the grounds of

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was established for pilots from across the Empire and Dominions, created by the governments of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Troops from Australia, Britain, the

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in the 1960s, these constitutional principles were augmented by political, economic, and social principles. The first of these was set out in 1961, when it was decided that respect for

2062:. Citizenship laws have evolved independently in each Commonwealth country. For example, in Australia, for the purpose of considering certain constitutional and legal provisions in the 10499: 16044: 9992: 8959: 1584:. Early enthusiasm waned as British policies came under fire at Commonwealth meetings. Public opinion became troubled as immigration from non-white member states became large-scale. 15951: 9933: 12158: 8988: 8527: 2679:

Most recently, during 2013 and 2014, international pressure mounted to suspend Sri Lanka from the Commonwealth, citing grave human rights violations by the government of President

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and deliberate misgovernment, and Zimbabwe's government terminated its membership in 2003. The Gambia left the Commonwealth on 3 October 2013, and rejoined on 8 February 2018.

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As membership is purely voluntary, member governments can choose at any time to leave the Commonwealth. The first state to do so was Ireland in 1949 following its decision to

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and the current membership guidelines. In 2009, Rwanda became the second country to be admitted to the Commonwealth not to have any constitutional links to Britain. It was a

10888: 5724:, and indifferent toward its future. Support for the Commonwealth was twice as high in developing countries as in developed countries; it was lowest in the United Kingdom. 12561: 12427: 15911: 8913: 5235:

Many Commonwealth nations play similar sports that are considered quintessentially British in character, rooted in and developed under British rule or hegemony, including

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for no more than two four-year terms. The secretary-general and two deputy secretaries-general direct the divisions of the Secretariat. The present secretary-general is

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in exceptional circumstances to resident Commonwealth citizens who are unable to obtain valid travel documents from their countries of origin and must travel urgently.

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However, the British treasury was so weak that it could not operate independently of the United States. Furthermore, the loss of defence and financial roles undermined

13759: 5675: 2448: 10392: 6084: 10871: 10414: 10319: 6547: 12672: 10506: 10477: 10350: 10293: 12444: 9762: 2200:, though it is not a Commonwealth country, have historically fought alongside British and Commonwealth troops. They continue to be recruited by the British Army ( 9828: 8717: 8651: 8629:, although these claims are not widely recognised. The claims, which each include permanent research stations and together cover most of the continent, are the 107: 2762:

Although heads of government have the power to suspend member states from active participation, the Commonwealth has no provision for the expulsion of members.

1543:(now part of Yemen) are the only states that were British colonies at the time of the war not to have joined the Commonwealth upon independence. Former British 125: 13805: 9889: 9206: 9154: 5923: 5533:, a major novelist in this period, whose first work was published in 1939, won in 1973. Other noteworthy Australian writers at the end of this period are poet 2467: 1376:

in 1917 when he coined the term "the British Commonwealth of Nations" and envisioned the "future constitutional relations and readjustments in essence" at the

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https://www.commonwealthroundtable.co.uk/general/eye-on-the-commonwealth/why-was-a-country-as-corrupt-as-ali-bongos-gabon-ever-admitted-to-the-commonwealth/#

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In addition to this new rule, the former rules were consolidated into a single document. These requirements are that members must accept and comply with the

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The newly independent countries of Africa and Asia concentrated on their own internal political and economic development, and sometimes their role in the

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In 2009, Rwanda, formerly under Belgian and German rule, joined. Consideration for Rwanda's admission was considered an "exceptional circumstance" by the

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The London Declaration is often seen as marking the beginning of the modern Commonwealth. Following India's precedent, other nations became republics, or

16093: 13671: 12394:(University of Minnesota Press, 1977); Comprehensive coverage giving London's perspective on political and constitutional relations with each possession. 8037: 6198: 1719: 10925: 10668: 1443:

Although the Union of South Africa was not amongst the Dominions that needed to adopt the Statute of Westminster for it to take effect, two laws — the

11014:"Assessing the Costs and Benefits of a Closer EU – Canada Economic Partnership: A Joint Study by the European Commission and the Government of Canada" 9607: 7504: 6052: 14973: 12945: 12181: 4897: 2432: 10983: 7474: 16128: 13072: 11667: 5801: 5562: 5451:, now Zimbabwe, was a dominant presence in the English literary scene, frequently publishing from 1950 on throughout the 20th century. She won the 2937: 2791: 1623: 15567:

Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the

11013: 9732: 8333: 6750: 5967: 2332:, the Inter-Governmental Group ruled that any future members would "as a rule" have to have a direct constitutional link with an existing member. 1524:

After the Second World War ended, the British Empire was gradually dismantled. Most of its components have become independent countries, whether

13067: 9633: 6015: 5989: 5695:

consists of the symbol of the Commonwealth Secretariat, a gold globe surrounded by emanating rays, on a dark blue field; it was designed for the

2564:

has said: "A closer connection with the Commonwealth itself would be a welcome further development of the Island's international relationships".

1893: 1803: 8831: 8400: 6953: 15994: 15789: 13664: 13054: 12701: 11940: 9017: 7976: 5806: 2431:

The status of "member in arrears" is used to denote those that are in arrears in paying subscription dues. The status was originally known as "

1989: 1642:: "So, I've become 'as such'". Some other Commonwealth countries that have since become republics have chosen to leave, whilst others, such as 8687: 5002:

are the third-largest multi-sport event in the world, bringing together globally popular sports and peculiarly "Commonwealth" sports, such as

1358: 15769: 15132: 13062: 7440: 5696: 2895: 2684: 2612: 2515:

if they become fully independent. Many such jurisdictions are already directly represented within the Commonwealth, particularly through the

2361: 2357: 1913: 1769: 11571: 9984: 9958: 8948: 1200:

in 1949, which modernised the community and established the member states as "free and equal". It continues to be known colloquially as the

15560: 15543: 15421: 13613: 13608: 13114: 12932: 12892: 12665: 12034: 7327: 2959: 2759:

as president in November 2018, the Maldives announced its intention to reapply to join the Commonwealth. They rejoined on 1 February 2020.

2391: 1146: 189: 12150: 7096: 2623:. The Commonwealth's longest suspension came to an end on 22 May 2004, when Pakistan's suspension was lifted following the restoration of 1718:. When that proposal was turned down, Mollet suggested that France join the Commonwealth, possibly with "a common citizenship arrangement 15012: 12950: 12940: 9929: 8569: 8537: 7832: 6920: 2573: 2251: 1897: 1302: 1150: 12093: 10892: 10829: 10760: 9915: 8984: 7383: 7212: 5737:. The Commonwealth has published the Anthem, performed by the Commonwealth Youth Orchestra, with and without an introductory narrative. 1380:, attended by delegates from the Dominions as well as the United Kingdom. The term first received imperial statutory recognition in the 16108: 15981: 15784: 14702: 14696: 13798: 13105: 13039: 11105: 11053: 10087: 9710: 8105: 6231: 5786: 5556: 5078:

were boycotted by most African, Asian, and Caribbean countries for the failure of other countries to enforce the Gleneagles Agreement.

11965: 10188: 7353: 1691:

At a time when Germany and France, together with Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, were planning what later became the

16123: 15916: 15641: 14758: 10605: 10109: 1974: 10638: 8504: 16098: 16034: 15819: 12960: 12808: 12775: 12767: 12620: 11865: 11625:"Acting global, thinking local: 'Liquid imperialism' and the multiple meanings of the 1954 British Empire & Commonwealth Games" 11170: 10798:'Layin' Low and Sayin' Nuffin': Australia's Policy towards Britain's Second Bid to Join the European Economic Community (1966–67)" 9570: 8041: 7005: 6983: 4931: 2819: 2536: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1843: 1613: 1437: 1433: 1346: 1220: 9228: 16113: 16014: 15681: 13747: 13705: 12706: 12658: 12558: 12424: 11145: 10528: 8430: 8008: 7573: 5615: 4835:

was finally achieved in 1973. Queen Elizabeth was one of the few remaining links between the UK and the Commonwealth. Historian

2321: 2129: 2117: 10572: 8188: 5699:

in 1973, and officially adopted on 26 March 1976. 1976 also saw the organisation agree to a common date on which to commemorate

2790:. The South African government withdrew its application to remain in the organisation as a republic when it became clear at the 2527:

has become part of China, it continues to participate in some of the institutions within the Commonwealth Family, including the

14606: 12991: 12981: 12837: 12828: 11973: 11691: 11596:

Perkin, Harold (September 1989). "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British Empire and Commonwealth".

9061:

Baldacchino, Godfrey; Milne, David (September 2006). "Exploring sub-national island jurisdictions: An editorial introduction".

8145: 7081: 6483: 6143: 5651: 5572:. Amongst literature written about the Commonwealth itself is Indian diplomat and former Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General 5550: 5324: 5100:

commemorates 1.7 million Commonwealth war dead and maintains 2,500 war cemeteries around the world, including this one in

4939: 2815: 2802: 2532: 2320:

in South Africa. The mechanisms by which these principles would be applied were created, and the manner clarified, by the 1995

1498: 1377: 1158: 163: 12603: 8891: 8464: 7535: 4896:

On 17 December 2021, following the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, Australia and the United Kingdom signed the

15875: 14967: 13791: 12907: 12847: 12790: 12747: 12585: 12540: 12519: 12483: 12468: 12412:

McIntyre, W. David. "The Unofficial Commonwealth Relations Conferences, 1933–59: Precursors of the Tri-sector Commonwealth."

12406: 12087: 11980: 11394: 10959: 10823: 10754: 10727: 10081: 8594: 8074: 7861: 7277: 7168: 7053: 6914: 6874: 6675: 6578: 6458: 6432: 6360: 6119: 5812: 5734: 5602:, India. The Commonwealth Charter states the Commonwealth's commitment to democracy, and many Commonwealth countries use the 5231:. Commonwealth membership has been credited with popularising the game in the country, which was never in the British Empire. 2700: 2583: 2325: 2256:

The criteria for membership of the Commonwealth of Nations have developed over time from a series of separate documents. The

2175: 1580:

first hoped that the Commonwealth would preserve and project British influence, they gradually lost their enthusiasm, argues

1506: 1322: 12219: 7417: 2878:

The Commonwealth's current highest-priority aims are on the promotion of democracy and development, as outlined in the 2003

2312:

was issued, dedicating the leaders to applying the Singapore principles to the completion of decolonisation, the end of the

1230:

Member states have no legal obligations to one another, though some have institutional links to other Commonwealth nations.

16118: 16039: 16024: 15663: 15634: 15305: 14915: 14141: 12857: 10384: 9797: 6420: 2639:

government, before it withdrew from the organisation in 2003. On 15 May 2018, Zimbabwe applied to rejoin the Commonwealth.

2436: 2376: 2353: 1280: 7043: 6513: 6088: 2049:

Some member states grant particular rights to Commonwealth citizens. The United Kingdom and several others, mostly in the

16004: 15870: 15812: 15245: 14027: 13912: 12996: 12877: 10864: 6617: 5655: 5197: 5159: 2903: 2795: 2778: 1429: 1285: 74: 11083: 10285: 15999: 15946: 15701: 14963: 12833: 12441: 9820: 9766: 7244: 5097: 5087: 4886: 2899: 2823: 2546:

All three of the Crown dependencies regard their existing situation as unsatisfactory and have lobbied for change. The

2540: 2489: 82: 31: 9122: 8731: 8665: 7131: 15989: 15966: 15125: 14318: 13488: 12902: 11733: 8801: 7806: 7771: 2794:

that any such application would be rejected. South Africa was re-admitted to the Commonwealth in 1994, following its

2628: 2561: 1842:. The position is symbolic, representing the free association of independent members, the majority of which (36) are 9881: 9101: 6425:

Peace by ordeal: an account, from first-hand sources of the negotiation and signature of the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921

5934: 5858: 16088: 14998: 14985: 13331: 12965: 12882: 12872: 11444: 7603: 5619: 5174: 5147: 4969: 4161: 2811: 2726: 2627:. Pakistan was suspended for a second time, far more briefly, for six months from 22 November 2007, when Musharraf 2528: 2512: 2260:, as a fundamental founding document of the organisation, laid out that membership required dominionhood. The 1949 2097: 2044: 2025: 1985: 1239: 724: 17: 10500:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 5901: 2616: 15961: 15921: 15214: 14945: 13783: 12241: 12126: 11999:"Whose Commonwealth? Responses to Krishnan Srinivasan's The Rise, Decline and Future of the British Commonwealth" 10149: 9202: 9150: 8797: 8004: 6169: 5595: 2508: 2265: 2089: 1970: 1780:

and access new educational and cultural resources. He also remarked that the country sought closer ties with the

1361:, as a "Commonwealth of Nations". Conferences of British and colonial prime ministers occurred periodically from 68: 6597: 5255:. These ties are particularly strong between the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa across 15716: 15693: 15673: 15508: 15036: 14650: 14544: 14361: 14045: 13558: 13467: 13098: 13006: 12737: 11902: 11521: 10045: 9176: 8630: 5930: 5358: 5350: 5342: 4900:, which on ratification eliminated tariffs and increased opportunities for movement between the two countries. 2582:, particularly in abrogating their responsibility to have democratic government. Suspensions are agreed by the 2578:

Members can be suspended "from the Councils of the Commonwealth" for "serious or persistent violations" of the

1981: 1896:

and presidents, assemble for several days to discuss matters of mutual interest. CHOGM is the successor to the

1490: 1484: 982: 12503:

Perkin, Harold. "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British empire and Commonwealth".

11831: 8210: 6192: 2647: 1715: 1451:

to confirm South Africa's status as a sovereign state, and to incorporate the Statute of Westminster into the

15318: 15082: 14833: 14274:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003. 14171: 14103: 13011: 12813: 11466: 10914: 10660: 10262: 2556: 1662: 1444: 1180:

of the British Empire through increased self-governance of its territories. It was originally created as the

42: 10152:. USM Regional Center of Expertise in Education for Sustainable Development. 21 October 1989. Archived from 5591: 4965:

equality, poverty eradication, people-centred and sustainable development, and to promote arts and culture.

2660: 2656: 15706: 15118: 14568: 14492: 14468: 14462: 13819: 12852: 12780: 12757: 12323:

Ashton, Sarah R. "British government perspectives on the Commonwealth, 1964–71: An asset or a liability?".

9611: 6403: 6045: 5391: 2864: 2855:; the pursuit of equality and opposition to racism; the fight against poverty, ignorance, and disease; and 2673: 2500: 1909: 1619: 1529: 999: 134: 12491:

Monarchy and the End of Empire: The House of Windsor, the British Government, and the Postwar Commonwealth

11792: 11496: 7633: 7512: 5610: 5494:

Many other Commonwealth writers have achieved an international reputation for works in English, including

2600:(pictured), subsequently withdrawing. The country applied to rejoin following Mugabe's removal from power. 2360:. New members were not admitted at this meeting, though applications for admission were considered at the 2228:. Most members of Brunei's Gurkha Reserve Unit are veterans from the British Army and Singaporean police. 15711: 15535: 15201: 14051: 13771: 13711: 13699: 13552: 13461: 12460: 8857: 8727: 8661: 8634: 7482: 5993: 4824: 2925: 2729:, although it had not participated in the Commonwealth since 1932. At the time, all members accepted the 2257: 2054: 1420: 1405: 1306: 1243: 1193: 1185: 1044: 1029: 11657: 11414: 10781:

Gregory A. Johnson, "The Last Gasp of Empire: The 1964 Flag Debate Revisited", in Phillip Buckner, ed.,

2733:

as head of state as a condition of membership. This rule was changed after Ireland's departure to allow

15721: 15657: 15273: 15050: 15024: 14921: 14690: 12912: 11024: 9959:"The Maldives decides to leave the Commonwealth; commits to continue with its international engagement" 8341: 8286: 6735:

Krishnan Srinivasan, "Nobody's Commonwealth? The Commonwealth in Britain's post-imperial adjustment."

6330: 6232:"History – Though the modern Commonwealth is just 60 years old, the idea took root in the 19th century" 5959: 5716: 5338: 5288: 4913: 4874: 2264:

ended this, allowing republican and indigenous monarchic members on the condition that they recognised

2085: 1448: 1142: 9637: 6023: 2112: 1776:

said that he expected Commonwealth membership to provide opportunities for Togolese citizens to learn

16063: 15726: 15564:; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 15207: 15163: 14885: 14596: 14271: 14241: 13999: 13091: 13021: 12862: 9912:"Commonwealth website confirms Zimbabwe "terminated" its membership with effect from 7 December 2003" 9659: 9493: 9413: 9373: 9333: 9301: 8408: 7672: 7108: 6945: 6543: 6410:'s "adherence to and membership of the group of nations forming the British Commonwealth of Nations". 5816: 5568: 5518: 5452: 5409: 5280: 2213: 1675: 1548: 1170: 11749:

Hill, Douglas (1 October 1988). "A report on stories from the outposts of Commonwealth literature".

9013: 1536:, the word "British" was dropped from the title of the Commonwealth to reflect its changing nature. 16059: 15756: 15388: 15096: 15043: 14951: 14909: 14873: 14827: 14442: 14091: 14033: 13618: 13126: 12887: 12867: 12732: 12722: 12359: 10258: 10225: 10192: 10120: 8827: 8695: 8691: 8500: 8434: 8404: 8337: 7956: 7508: 7478: 6019: 5692: 5439: 5383: 5141: 4935: 2848: 2745: 2631:. Zimbabwe was suspended in 2002 over concerns regarding the electoral and land reform policies of 2624: 2372: 2269: 2209: 1966: 1958: 1945: 1827: 1811: 1798: 1424: 1423:

in 1931, which applied to Canada without the need for ratification, but Australia, New Zealand and

1409: 1362: 1208: 1189: 1162: 966: 13643: 12498: 5074:

through discouraging sporting contact with South Africa (which was not then a member), whilst the

15605: 15437: 15312: 15280: 15261: 14927: 14879: 14821: 14530: 14474: 13478: 12818: 12305: 12281: 11314: 11273: 11236: 11196: 9962: 9664: 9535: 9498: 9455: 9418: 9378: 9338: 9306: 9264: 9063: 8758: 8365: 7673:"Muddy waters: citizenship and the right to vote in the Commonwealth Caribbean migratory context" 6267: 5316: 5304: 5075: 5039: 5031: 5023: 5007: 4961: 4955: 4868: 2063: 1730:

The first member to be admitted without having any constitutional link to the British Empire was

1571:), Kuwait (1961), Bahrain (1971), Oman (1971), Qatar (1971) and the United Arab Emirates (1971). 1341: 1223:, and five others have different monarchs. Although he became head upon the death of his mother, 1166: 11932: 8162: 7740:

Directorate General of Immigration & Passports, Ministry of Interior, Government of Pakistan

7317: 7196:

Martin Schaad, "Plan G – A "Counterblast"? British Policy Towards the Messina Countries, 1956",

6219: 15076: 15057: 14933: 14897: 14669: 14657: 14556: 14436: 14424: 14312: 14267: 14255: 13886: 13656: 13563: 13044: 12917: 12897: 11998: 10689:

Catherine R. Schenk, "Britain in the world economy." in Paul Addison and Harriet Jones, eds.,

8564: 7298: 7183:

James R. V. Ellison, "Perfidious Albion? Britain, Plan G and European Integration, 1955–1956",

6316: 6239: 6046:"Imperial Conference 1926 Inter-Imperial Relations Committee Report, Proceedings and Memoranda" 5876:

international society to the benefit of all through the pursuit of common principles and values

5796: 5781: 5538: 5467: 5396: 5220: 5027: 2667:, confirmed that full suspension meant that Fiji would be excluded from Commonwealth meetings, 2454: 2236: 2225: 1781: 1372:

The Commonwealth developed from the imperial conferences. A specific proposal was presented by

12364: 12129:

An Uncommon Association, a Wealth of Potential: Final Report of the Commonwealth Conversation

11106:"Australia signs UK free trade deal, scrapping import tariffs and opening British jobs market" 8559: 8260: 7267: 6902: 6448: 1706:

in 1956, and in the face of colonial unrest and international tensions, French prime minister

1551:

that did not become members of the Commonwealth are Egypt (independent in 1922), Iraq (1932),

1532:

which retain some political association with the United Kingdom. In April 1949, following the

15615: 15221: 14376: 14153: 14135: 13944: 13875: 13753: 13723: 13583: 13536: 13321: 13034: 12077: 10813: 10744: 10174:

Patel, Hasu (2000), "Southern Africa and democracy, in the light of the Harare declaration."

9733:"Foreign & Commonwealth Office Minister welcomes Commonwealth statement on Fiji – GOV.UK" 7158: 5768: 4095: 2840: 2756: 2329: 2282: 1839: 1739: 1735: 1314: 694: 176: 12555:

The Historiography of the British Empire-Commonwealth: Trends, Interpretations and Resources

10071: 9702: 8097: 5416:, began publishing in England in the 1930s, thanks to the encouragement of English novelist 15736: 15526: 15344: 15257: 15191: 15169: 15070: 15030: 14939: 14903: 14841: 14766: 14454: 14189: 14183: 14177: 13735: 13503: 13029: 13016: 11997:

Mcintyre, W. David; Mole, Stuart; Ashworth, Lucian M.; Shaw, Timothy M.; May, Alex (2007).

11962: 11766:

McCrum, Robert (13 October 2003). "English Is a World Language – and That's to Be Prized".

9260:"A Place to Stand: the Problems and Potential of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group" 7952: 5679: 5647: 5421: 5240: 5129: 5067: 5043: 2868: 2704: 2413: 2183: 2145: 2040: 1231: 10594: 10196: 8793: 7859:

Clute, Robert E.; Wilson, Robert R. (July 1958). "Commonwealth and Favored-Nation Usage".

7710: 2020: 8: 15005: 14808: 14715: 14663: 14550: 14538: 14518: 14506: 14418: 14209: 14121: 13444: 13386: 13136: 13083: 12800: 11697: 8954: 7013: 5790: 5573: 5495: 5487: 5404: 5399: 4920: 4856: 4524: 3006: 2807: 2520: 2516: 2396: 2217: 2080: 1921: 1901: 1631: 1581: 1556: 1528:

or republics, and members of the Commonwealth. There remain the 14 mainly self-governing

1452: 1366: 877: 206: 11857: 11174: 10630: 8033: 7017: 6975: 5809:, an association of countries where the French language and French culture are prominent 4873:

Although the Commonwealth does not have a multilateral trade agreement, research by the

1293:, with "British Empire" crossed out and "British Commonwealth of Nations" added by hand. 16055: 15251: 15233: 15173: 15064: 14790: 14752: 14728: 14709: 14600: 14147: 14073: 14039: 13938: 13918: 13844: 13741: 13729: 13717: 12986: 12955: 12823: 12453: 12026: 11751: 11290: 11253: 11213: 11110: 10921: 10446: 9681: 9552: 9515: 9472: 9435: 9395: 9355: 9283: 9236: 9080: 8775: 8722: 8656: 8382: 8312: 8307: 8290: 7931: 7923: 7886: 7878: 7322: 6909:. Vol. VII: Ireland, 1921–84. Oxford University Press. p. 277 (footnote 20). 6847: 6835: 6811: 6294: 5721: 5643: 5603: 5473: 5462: 5320: 5295:

The Commonwealth Games, a quadrennial multi-sports event held in the middle year of an

5276: 5146:

The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by the

5125: 4999: 4989: 4908: 4848: 2872: 2860: 2852: 2668: 2579: 2552: 2504: 2474: 2336: 2309: 2261: 2201: 2152: 1819: 1747: 1627: 1600: 1576: 1564: 1560: 1533: 1525: 1381: 1333: 1290: 1259: 1216: 1197: 1061: 139: 35: 11546: 11137: 10539: 7565: 5173:

and good local governance and is the associated organisation officially recognised by

5092: 5058:. Started in 1930 as the Empire Games, the games were founded on the Olympic model of 15626: 15611: 15197: 14815: 14780: 14512: 14400: 14348: 14342: 14326: 14165: 14159: 14109: 14079: 14009: 13483: 12752: 12741: 12536: 12515: 12479: 12464: 12402: 12083: 12030: 12018: 11816: 11768: 11729: 11390: 11294: 11257: 11217: 10965: 10955: 10819: 10750: 10723: 10564: 10077: 9852:"Harper rebukes Sri Lanka over jurist's dismissal as talk of summit boycott heats up" 9685: 9556: 9519: 9476: 9439: 9399: 9359: 9287: 9084: 8779: 8753: 8438: 8386: 8238: 8070: 7935: 7890: 7812: 7802: 7777: 7767: 7692: 7273: 7269:

British Government Policy and Decolonisation, 1945–63: Scrutinising the Official Mind

7164: 7049: 6910: 6880: 6870: 6851: 6839: 6803: 6574: 6454: 6428: 6334: 6298: 6286: 6115: 5534: 5448: 5429: 5019: 4994: 4977: 4973: 4828: 2680: 2615:. Pakistan was the second country to be suspended, on 18 October 1999, following the 2401: 2221: 2171: 1954: 1680: 1472: 1318: 989: 151: 15804: 12378:

Diplomacy with a difference: the Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner, 1880–2006

12056:

Why was a country as corrupt as Ali Bongo’s Gabon ever admitted to the Commonwealth?

8142: 8066:

Diplomacy with a Difference: The Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner, 1880-2006

6475: 6135: 15751: 15568: 15501: 15493: 15485: 15413: 15324: 15292: 15179: 14979: 14891: 14676: 14202: 14195: 14097: 13982: 13927: 13634: 13603: 13573: 13473: 13421: 13311: 13001: 12494: 12010: 11636: 11605: 11323: 11282: 11245: 11205: 11194:(February 2008). "A Commonwealth of Values: a Commonwealth of incomparable value". 10415:"Queen to sign new charter backing equal rights for gay people across Commonwealth" 9673: 9544: 9507: 9464: 9427: 9387: 9347: 9315: 9273: 9072: 8767: 8756:(April 2008). "The Expansion of the Commonwealth and the Criteria for Membership". 8471: 8374: 8302: 7915: 7870: 7841: 7684: 6898: 6831: 6795: 6407: 6342: 6276: 5754: 5700: 5663: 5542: 5505:. Soyinka won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986, as did South African novelist 5201: 5166: 5042:

are currently without a host. As well as the usual athletic disciplines, as at the

4029: 2730: 2620: 2607:

was suspended between 11 November 1995 and 29 May 1999, following its execution of

2547: 2348: 2001: 1777: 1658: 1393: 666: 13813: 11977: 7735: 7688: 7384:"Gabon partially suspended from the Commonwealth pending restoration of democracy" 6318:

The Colonial and Imperial Conferences, 1887-1911: A Study in Imperial Organization

5703:, the second Monday in March, having developed separately on different dates from 2382:

In 2022, the former French territories of Togo and Gabon joined the Commonwealth.

1618:

On 18 April 1949, Ireland formally became a republic in accordance with the Irish

1463: 15521: 15298: 15227: 15018: 14957: 14796: 14480: 14382: 14085: 13765: 13512: 13356: 12650: 12627: 12610: 12592: 12565: 12448: 12431: 12211: 12137: 12065: 11984: 11969: 10717: 8638: 8239:"Agnipath scheme: The pain of Nepal's Gurkhas over Indian army's new hiring plan" 8149: 8064: 7830:

Dale, William (July 1982). "Is the Commonwealth an International Organisation?".

7409: 7039: 6784:

The Ambiguous Champion: Canada and South Africa in the Trudeau and Mulroney Years

6755: 6601: 5659: 5506: 5386: 5376: 5205: 5190: 5108:

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) is responsible for maintaining the

4885:, some in the United Kingdom suggested the Commonwealth as an alternative to its 4326: 2914: 2910: 2859:. To these were added opposition to discrimination on the basis of gender by the 2752: 2664: 2488:

unilaterally withdrew the Gambia from the Commonwealth in October 2013. However,

2340: 2277: 2059: 1993: 1568: 1354: 1297: 1161:

and historical-cultural ties. The chief institutions of the organisation are the

793: 97: 12079:

The Statesman's Yearbook 2017: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World

11249: 10984:"To the Commonwealth, "Global Britain" sounds like nostalgia for something else" 9789: 9548: 9431: 9278: 9259: 6281: 6262: 2163: 1591:

gained usage in the UK (especially in the 1960s and 1970s) to refer to recently

15746: 15406: 15394: 15239: 14855: 14784: 14773: 14562: 14524: 14430: 14394: 14388: 14354: 13892: 13815: 13568: 13493: 13401: 12696: 8126: 7906: 7470: 6505: 5715:

In 2009, to mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Commonwealth, the

5654:

facilitates co-operation between legislatures across the Commonwealth, and the

5458: 5365: 5244: 4890: 4852: 4623: 2691:

threatened to boycott the event, but was instead represented at the meeting by

2688: 2298: 2273: 1831: 1692: 1540: 1276: 1235: 1177: 1169:, which focuses on non-governmental relations between member nations. Numerous 1154: 918: 12295: 12271: 12014: 11641: 11624: 11609: 11328: 11309: 11286: 11209: 9677: 9511: 9468: 9351: 9076: 8771: 8625:

Three Commonwealth countries also have long-standing claims to sovereignty in

8378: 7845: 16082: 15447: 15267: 14448: 14332: 12922: 12022: 11075: 10969: 10385:"Commonwealth leaders under fire for refusing to publish human rights report" 7816: 7781: 7696: 6843: 6807: 6642: 6453:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. 1991. pp. 297–298. 6290: 5530: 5522: 5510: 5498: 5478: 5461:

is another post-Second World War writer from the former British colonies who

5444: 5417: 5413: 5296: 5046:, the games include sports particularly popular in the Commonwealth, such as 2906: 2696: 2692: 2632: 2608: 2597: 2133: 2121: 2005: 1773: 1743: 1639: 1447:, and the Royal Executive Functions and Seals Act, 1934 — were passed by the 1196:

in 1931. The current Commonwealth of Nations was formally constituted by the

9319: 7236: 6884: 5364:

There had been a few important works in English prior to 1950 from the then

5333: 2818:(and the Westminster Seminar on Parliamentary Practice and Procedures), the 15477: 15185: 14746: 14740: 14721: 14486: 14221: 14128: 14067: 14061: 13429: 13361: 13346: 11348: 11191: 9133: 8985:"Statement by Commonwealth Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma on The Gambia" 8595:"Rwanda's application for membership, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative" 8291:"The London Declaration of the Commonwealth Prime Ministers, 28 April 1949" 7135: 6346: 5632: 5514: 5502: 5354: 5272: 5268: 5248: 5121: 5114: 5055: 5003: 4823:

By 1961, with a sluggish economy, the United Kingdom attempted to join the

4359: 4260: 2774: 2651: 2493: 2485: 2408: 2294: 2187: 2137: 2009: 1997: 1835: 1807: 1711: 1696: 1596: 1544: 1494: 1468: 1413: 1251: 1224: 1176:

The Commonwealth dates back to the first half of the 20th century with the

808: 765: 12421:

The Dependent Empire, 1900–1948: Colonies, Protectorates, and the Mandates

12363: 11368:

Binyon, Michael (22 January 1999). "Millions trace war dead on Internet".

5216: 1734:

in 1995 following its first democratic elections. Mozambique was a former

15594: 15090: 14991: 14802: 14406: 14306: 14021: 14015: 13588: 13326: 13296: 13146: 12784: 12726: 11310:"The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy" 10320:"Commonwealth leaders agree to develop charter of values and little else" 9105: 6312: 5862: 5776: 5671: 5636: 5529:

in the Caribbean, was another Nobel Prize winner in 1992. An Australian,

5526: 5256: 4836: 4812: 4128: 3930: 3072: 2844: 2765: 2344: 2286: 2205: 2168: 1917: 1847: 1823: 1751: 1703: 1592: 1502: 1476: 1326: 1255: 1212: 1006: 972: 709: 625: 234: 9961:. Maldivian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 13 October 2016. Archived from 9102:"Office of Parliamentary Counsel – CALC – Constitution & Membership" 8458: 8456: 6815: 6595:"History of the Creation of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan." 2822:

and the Commonwealth Association of Legislative Counsel, as well as the

2589: 2148:(though New Zealand itself does not make appeals to the Privy Council). 14867: 14848: 14591: 14370: 13989: 13906: 13598: 13341: 13281: 13211: 13151: 11363: 11361: 11359: 11229: 11227: 10634: 10601: 10568: 10535: 9336:(October 2007). "Twenty Commonwealth steps from Singapore to Kampala". 8626: 8532: 8363:

Williams, Paul D. (July 2005). "Blair's Britain and the Commonwealth".

8316: 7927: 7882: 6338: 5893: 5704: 5667: 5623: 5434: 5427:'s writing career began as early as 1928, though her most famous work, 5059: 5035: 4943: 4227: 3831: 3105: 2856: 2468:

Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations § Prospective members

2308:

These criteria were unenforceable for two decades, until, in 1991, the

2302: 2101: 2076:, the nationals of other Commonwealth realms were held to be "aliens". 2068: 2029: 1731: 1707: 1661:

declared on 16 May 1949, shortly following the Declaration, during the

1519:

List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom

1471:, depicting soldiers from Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the 1337: 751: 585: 403: 247: 12645: 12600:

The Dependent Empire: 1900–1948: Colonies, Protectorates, and Mandates

11785:"ACLALS: Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies" 10153: 9391: 6569:

Dugard, John; Bethlehem, Daniel; Plessis, Max du; Katz, Anton (2005).

6165: 15513: 14366: 14115: 13899: 13578: 13528: 13453: 13366: 13351: 13276: 13141: 12512:

Commonwealth: Inter- and Non-State Contributions to Global Governance

11662: 11370: 10889:"Commonwealth Secretariat – Valletta Statement on Multilateral Trade" 8453: 6799: 6594: 5748: 5599: 5424: 5177:

as the representative body for local government in the Commonwealth.

5170: 5109: 5101: 5071: 5011: 4392: 4293: 3798: 3039: 2787: 2770: 2721:

Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations § Dissolved members

2524: 2317: 2072:, the United Kingdom was held to be a "foreign power". Similarly, in 2050: 2033: 1683:

in each realm, even though the same person is monarch of each realm.

1647: 1635: 1373: 1357:, had described the changing British Empire, as some of its colonies 1310: 1247: 823: 779: 572: 221: 11356: 11224: 7919: 7874: 7595: 7074:

Documents on Canadian External Relations > Royal Style and Titles

6867:

Europe since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction

5371: 4938:

allowing students to study in other Commonwealth countries, and the

2155:, with the Court relying on judges from other Commonwealth nations. 1950: 1497:, with soldiers from different nations often fighting together. The 15731: 15441: 15356: 14635: 14587: 14336: 14263: 14249: 14245: 14215: 14003: 13648: 13541: 13371: 13306: 13266: 13261: 13246: 13196: 13191: 13176: 13166: 13156: 12344:

Hall, H. Duncan. "The genesis of the Balfour declaration of 1926".

11658:"Schoolboy cricketers bat their way to a place in the Commonwealth" 11341: 11339: 7354:"Togo and Gabon to become newest members of Commonwealth this week" 7067: 6263:"Seminars for statesmen': the evolution of the Commonwealth summit" 5521:, who has written novels, plays and short stories in English. Poet 5482: 4844: 4458: 4425: 3996: 3732: 3699: 3600: 3369: 3270: 3204: 3138: 2879: 2814:(hosted the Commonwealth Lawyers Conference in 1983 and 2009), the 2741: 2593: 2313: 1932: 1884:

The main decision-making forum of the organisation is the biennial

1863: 1855: 1651: 1350: 837: 652: 546: 533: 494: 364: 351: 312: 286: 260: 12115:

Flags of All Nations: Flags of the British Commonwealth of Nations

11474: 11346:

Dare, Annie (15 October 2000). "Ten Key Things About War Graves".

10286:"Commonwealth has abandoned human rights commitment – leaked memo" 10254: 10073:

The National and Provincial Elections in South Africa, 2 June 1999

8552: 7975:. Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2013. p. 5. Archived from 7796: 7761: 6114:(Paperback ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 1. 5408:, in 1911. The first major novelist, writing in English, from the 2717:

Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations § Former members

2687:

from Sri Lanka to another member country. Canadian prime minister

2499:

Other eligible applicants could be any of the remaining inhabited

2015: 1559:(part of which became the State of Israel in 1948), Sudan (1956), 15350: 14683: 14643: 14236: 13993: 13952: 13546: 13518: 13406: 13301: 13286: 13251: 13236: 13221: 12300: 12276: 10473: 7441:"Togo sees Commonwealth entry as pivot to English-speaking world" 6326: 5264: 5260: 5252: 5236: 5051: 4656: 3963: 3864: 3633: 3534: 3435: 2604: 2290: 1859: 1392:

in the wording of the oath taken by members of parliament of the

932: 639: 598: 507: 468: 429: 27:

Political association of mostly former British Empire territories

13686: 11336: 11271:

McDougall, Derek (July 2005). "Australia and the Commonwealth".

8465:"The future of the modern Commonwealth: Widening vs. deepening?" 2477:; and that it should accept Commonwealth norms and conventions. 15360: 14735: 14500: 14278: 13880: 13593: 13411: 13396: 13391: 13316: 13256: 13226: 13186: 13181: 13171: 13161: 12640: 11784: 11437:"Commonwealth Local Government Forum (CLGF) | The Commonwealth" 10351:"Commonwealth leaders still haggling over human rights reforms" 8189:"Applications to armed forces from Commonwealth citizens surge" 7625: 6822:

Miles, Robert (2016). "The Racialization of British Politics".

6361:"Commonwealth Heads Of Government Meeting 2018 - Civil Service" 6322: 5228: 5224: 4882: 4689: 4590: 4557: 4062: 3666: 3468: 3336: 3303: 3237: 3171: 2417: 2193: 1928: 1851: 1643: 1552: 1238:, and Commonwealth countries are represented to one another by 1234:

affords benefits in some member countries, particularly in the

1123: 945: 904: 891: 680: 520: 442: 338: 325: 299: 273: 155: 11076:"Australia trade deal will not hit UK farmers, says Liz Truss" 9123:"Legislative drafting offices in which there are CALC members" 6751:"Blair calls for quotas on immigrants from 'New Commonwealth'" 2839:

The Commonwealth's objectives were first outlined in the 1971

2755:

amongst the reasons for withdrawal. Following the election of

2539:, the Commonwealth Association of Legislative Counsel and the 14861: 14583: 14055: 13381: 13336: 13291: 13271: 13241: 13231: 13216: 13206: 11410: 10852:

A Nation for a Continent: the history of Australia, 1901–1975

9636:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 30 September 1997. Archived from 8328: 8326: 7160:

Britain and European Integration Since 1945: On the Sidelines

7009: 6869:. Vol. 1. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 45. 5548:

Numerous academic journals cover the Commonwealth, including

5509:

in 1995. Other South African writers in English are novelist

5047: 4491: 4194: 3897: 3765: 3567: 3501: 3402: 2734: 2596:

was suspended from the Commonwealth during the presidency of

2197: 1992:, from Dominica, who took office on 1 April 2016, succeeding 1867: 1762: 863: 738: 611: 559: 481: 455: 416: 390: 116: 12383:

McIntyre, W. David. "The strange death of dominion status".

11186: 11184: 9985:"Maldives to rejoin Commonwealth of former British colonies" 9610:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 1 September 2009. Archived from 6068:

Their position and mutual relation may be readily defined.

5349:

In 1987, the Commonwealth Foundation established the annual

1961:, the Commonwealth's principal intergovernmental institution 14412: 13434: 13376: 13201: 12182:"Commonwealth: quaint historical relic or meaningful bloc?" 10865:"Trading Places: The "Commonwealth effect" revisited, p. 9" 10069: 5491:(1979). Naipaul won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2001. 4818: 2699:

also chose to attend. These concerns were rendered moot by

2659:. Fiji was suspended yet again in December 2006, following 2643: 2496:

returned the country to the organisation in February 2018.

2151:

Commonwealth nationals are eligible for appointment to the

2141: 1873: 1758: 1722:". These ideas faded away with the end of the Suez Crisis. 850: 377: 13113: 12546:

Williams, Paul D. "Blair's Britain and the Commonwealth".

12392:

The commonwealth of nations: Origins and impact, 1869–1971

8323: 7801:(3rd ed.). African Books Collective. pp. 91–92. 7766:(3rd ed.). African Books Collective. pp. 91–92. 6568: 6512:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House. 5485:, was another immigrant, who wrote, amongst other things, 2449:

List of Commonwealth of Nations countries by GDP (nominal)

1912:

and retains the position until the following CHOGM. Since

1157:

from which it developed. They are connected through their

12617:

Documents and Speeches on Commonwealth Affairs, 1952–1962

11814:

Iyer, Pico (12 February 1993). "The Empire Writes Back".

11181: 6865:

Merriman, J.; Winter, J., eds. (2006). "British Empire".

6674:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 26 April 2009. Archived from 6112:

The rise, decline, and future of the British Commonwealth

5124:

and architecture, with larger cemeteries being home to a

2843:, which committed the Commonwealth to the institution of 1419:

These aspects to the relationship were formalised by the

1173:

are associated with and operate within the Commonwealth.

12526:

The rise, decline and future of the British Commonwealth

11996: 10507:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

10478:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

9697: 9695: 9453:

Gruenbaum, Oren (February 2008). "Commonwealth Update".

7410:"Gabon partially suspended from Commonwealth after coup" 7068:

High Commissioner in United Kingdom (24 November 1952).

5924:"Annex B – Territories Forming Part of the Commonwealth" 5578:

The Rise, Decline and Future of the British Commonwealth

1165:, which focuses on intergovernmental relations, and the 10891:. Thecommonwealth.org. 26 November 2005. Archived from 10110:"Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles 1971" 9060: 8979: 8977: 7904:

Hedley, Bull (July 1959). "What is the Commonwealth?".

1908:

The head of government hosting the CHOGM is called the

41:"The Commonwealth" redirects here. For other uses, see 15656: 12148: 10016:"Maldives rejoins Commonwealth after over three years" 8824:"Nauru Accedes to Full Membership of the Commonwealth" 5477:(1989), was inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. 5307:

of the games was held in 2022 in Birmingham, England.

5153: 5070:

was signed to commit Commonwealth countries to combat

1996:

of India (2008–2016). The first secretary-general was

15834: 15466: 14599:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the 9821:"Britain must stand up for human rights in Sri Lanka" 9765:. The Commonwealth. 26 September 2014. Archived from 9692: 6976:"Barbados to remove Queen Elizabeth as head of state" 6536:"New Zealand Sovereignty: 1857, 1907, 1947, or 1987?" 5888: 5886: 5884: 5081: 1512: 197: 15742:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

11467:"Global Taskforce of Local and Regional Governments" 10785:(University of British Columbia Press, 2005), p. 6. 10746:

Six Moments of Crisis: Inside British Foreign Policy

9229:"Isle of Man welcomes report on Commonwealth future" 8974: 8560:"Conference on Rwanda's Commonwealth bid to be held" 8497:"Commonwealth membership in focus at London meeting" 7475:"Report of the Committee on Commonwealth Membership" 7465: 7463: 7461: 5744: 2950:

Economies of the Commonwealth of Nations 2012

1416:" was officially adopted to describe the community. 12272:"Commonwealth Anthem (with introductory narrative)" 11726:

Skirting the Boundary: A History of Women's Cricket

10704:

The rise and fall of a national strategy, 1945–1963

8949:"Israelis and Palestinians could join Commonwealth" 8334:"Lusaka Declaration on Racism and Racial Prejudice" 2182:Commonwealth citizens are eligible to serve in the 2074:

Nolan v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs

1192:, and formalised by the United Kingdom through the 12680: 12346:Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 11690: 10881: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9596: 8947: 8470:. Commonwealth Policy Studies Unit. Archived from 7596:"Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM)" 7211: 7048:, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 288, 6008: 5881: 5541:, who is one of only four writers to have won the 5517:. Kenya's most internationally renowned author is 5120:Commonwealth war cemeteries often feature similar 2107: 1916:, in Rwanda in 2022, the chair-in-office has been 12242:"A Celebration of Her Majesty's Sapphire Jubilee" 11501:New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade 8462: 8069:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 119–120. 7458: 6903:"Economic crisis and political cold war, 1949-57" 6618:"Fact File : Commonwealth and Allied Forces" 5402:published her first collection of short stories, 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2871:of 1989. These objectives were reinforced by the 2453:In 2019, the Commonwealth members had a combined 16080: 12533:The Constitutional Structure of the Commonwealth 11387:Cemeteries of the Great War By Sir Edwin Lutyens 10631:"GDP per capita, PPP (current international $ )" 10505:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 9882:"Sirisena sworn in as Sri Lanka's new president" 9849: 7536:"Prince Charles to be next head of Commonwealth" 7311: 7309: 6506:"Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 (Cth)" 5802:List of Commonwealth of Nations countries by GDP 5563:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2938:List of Commonwealth of Nations countries by GDP 1301:The prime ministers of five members at the 1944 1215:. He is king of 15 member states, known as the 13649:Articles related to the Commonwealth of Nations 12151:"Canada, Commonwealth and the key to relevance" 10378: 10376: 9593: 8914:"South Sudan Launches Bid to Join Commonwealth" 8463:te Velde-Ashworth, Victoria (10 October 2005). 7970:"Support for British nationals abroad: a guide" 7653: 7651: 6643:"British Commonwealth Occupation Force 1945–52" 6197:. Government House (Rideau Hall), Ottawa: CBC. 6140:The Victoria League for Commonwealth Friendship 5982: 5642:Most Commonwealth countries have the bicameral 5433:, was not published until 1966. South Africa's 2016:Commonwealth citizenship and high commissioners 1624:Commonwealth prime ministers' meeting in London 1087:29,958,050 km (11,566,870 sq mi) 15790:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 12353:Britain and the Commonwealth Alliance, 1918-39 12179: 10691:A Companion to Contemporary Britain: 1939–2000 10046:"South Africa withdraws from the Commonwealth" 9818: 9203:"Written evidence from the States of Guernsey" 8152:, Fiji government press release, July 17, 2007 7265: 7129: 6864: 6605:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum, 6571:International law: a South African perspective 6482:. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Website. 5691:prerequisite for Commonwealth membership. The 4968:The Foundation was established in 1965 by the 2442: 1990:Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal 1686: 1227:, the position is not technically hereditary. 15820: 15642: 15126: 13799: 13672: 13099: 12666: 12505:International Journal of the History of Sport 11629:International Journal of the History of Sport 11598:International Journal of the History of Sport 10952:Time to say no: alternatives to EU membership 10442:"Commonwealth charter to focus on gay rights" 9016:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 8 February 2018. 7306: 7237:"UK – When Britain and France nearly married" 6573:. Lansdowne, South Africa: Juta. p. 19. 6510:foundingdocs.gov.au (Documenting a Democracy) 6473: 6450:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 4898:Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement 2896:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2011 2792:1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference 2710: 2685:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2013 2358:2007 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1770:2022 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1399: 15561:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 15544:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 15422:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 13614:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 13609:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 12414:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 12385:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 12325:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 11165: 11163: 10742: 10661:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 10492: 10373: 9763:"Fiji rejoins Commonwealth as a full member" 9488: 9486: 7648: 7291: 7289: 7213:"France offered to 'merge' with UK in 1950s" 6724:Seeking a Role: The United Kingdom 1951—1970 6711:Seeking a Role: The United Kingdom 1951—1970 4912:Commonwealth House, the headquarters of the 2834: 2400:Flags of the members of the Commonwealth in 2392:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 2136:of 14 Commonwealth countries, including the 16104:International organisations based in London 13635:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 12082:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 2017. p. 46. 11776: 10715: 9787: 8102:The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 7858: 7833:International and Comparative Law Quarterly 6781: 6194:Queen Elizabeth's 1959 Dominion Day Message 5135: 4942:which links together over 180 Commonwealth 4878:Commonwealth members on a bilateral basis. 2655:from 6 June 2000 to 20 December 2001 after 2574:Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations 2523:that have not become independent. Although 2375:. Rwanda was permitted to join despite the 2285:dedicated all members to the principles of 2252:Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria 1939: 1927:The 26th CHOGM was initially to be held in 1792: 1489:Commonwealth countries and the Empire were 16094:English-speaking countries and territories 15827: 15813: 15785:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 15649: 15635: 15133: 15119: 13806: 13792: 13679: 13665: 13106: 13092: 12673: 12659: 12131:(London, Royal Commonwealth Society, 2010) 11889:The Oxford Companion to English Literature 10313: 10311: 10013: 9008: 9006: 8884:"New Criteria for Commonwealth Membership" 8211:"Gurkhas: Terms and Conditions of Service" 7942: 6998: 6238:. Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from 6109: 5787:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 5557:Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal 4949: 2942: 12499:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214235.001.0001 11925: 11640: 11327: 11270: 11160: 10915:"The role and future of the Commonwealth" 10150:"Langkawi Declaration on the Environment" 9571:"Zimbabwe applies to rejoin Commonwealth" 9533:"Editorial: CHOGM 2003, Abuja, Nigeria". 9483: 9452: 9277: 9177:"The role and future of the Commonwealth" 8306: 7795:Manby, Bronwyn (2015). "Naturalisation". 7760:Manby, Bronwyn (2015). "Naturalisation". 7711:"Prove you have right of abode in the UK" 7469: 7286: 7272:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 137–43. 7123: 6476:"The Commission of Government, 1934–1949" 6280: 5666:officials. Most Commonwealth members use 5463:permanently settled in the United Kingdom 5208:is commemorated across the Commonwealth. 1761:, a former French mandate territory, and 1607: 14605:Legitimacy of territorial establishment 12809:Association of Commonwealth Universities 12776:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 12598:Madden, Frederick, and John Darwin, ed. 12419:Madden, Frederick and John Darwin, eds. 12399:A Guide to the Contemporary Commonwealth 12372:. London: John Murray. pp. 332–348. 11572:"Remembrance Day vs ANZAC Day explained" 11190: 9151:"Written evidence from States of Jersey" 8945: 8846: 8794:"Nauru back as full Commonwealth member" 8752: 8362: 8285: 7038: 7032: 6858: 6748: 6419: 5609: 5590: 5370: 5332: 5215: 5091: 4993: 4932:Association of Commonwealth Universities 4907: 4819:UK joins the European Economic Community 2924:The result of the effort was that a new 2820:Association of Commonwealth Universities 2764: 2588: 2537:Association of Commonwealth Universities 2407: 2395: 2347:as head of the Commonwealth, accept the 2235: 2162: 2111: 2019: 1949: 1886:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1880:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1874:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1802: 1614:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations 1462: 1303:Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference 1296: 1284: 1149:, the vast majority of which are former 16129:Political history of the United Kingdom 13706:Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 11886: 11832:"Meet the Man Booker Prize 2014 Judges" 11717: 11655: 11522:"UK Representation in the Commonwealth" 11234:"Commonwealth Games and Art Festival". 11138:"Directory of accredited organisations" 10815:New Zealand in World Affairs: 1972–1990 10466: 10348: 10317: 10308: 10076:. Commonwealth Secretariat. p. 7. 9953: 9951: 9376:(January 2000). "Commonwealth Update". 9304:(October 1999). "Commonwealth Update". 9257: 9003: 8941: 8939: 8589: 8587: 8431:"Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group" 8186: 8038:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 7677:Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 7234: 7156: 6737:Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 6158: 2909:in 41 Commonwealth states and a ban on 2322:Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme 2158: 2130:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 2118:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 2000:of Canada (1965–1975), followed by Sir 14: 16081: 15590:Historical flags of the British Empire 15574:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985 12829:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 12308:from the original on 15 December 2021. 12284:from the original on 15 December 2021. 11943:from the original on 15 September 2012 11765: 11723: 11692:"Rwanda in drive to join Commonwealth" 11688: 11656:Clayton, Jonathan (20 November 2007). 11622: 11595: 11384: 11367: 10719:The Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth II 10296:from the original on 29 September 2021 10283: 9658: 9608:"Fiji Suspended from the Commonwealth" 9492: 9412: 9372: 9332: 9300: 9117: 9115: 9096: 9094: 8572:from the original on 25 September 2015 8208: 7903: 7798:Citizenship Law in Africa: 3rd Edition 7763:Citizenship Law in Africa: 3rd Edition 7670: 7533: 7438: 7390:from the original on 30 September 2023 7351: 7006:"Constituent Assembly Debates (India)" 6587: 6321:. Imperial Studies. Vol. XXVIII. 6311: 5960:"BBC News – Profile: The Commonwealth" 5904:from the original on 10 September 2022 5727: 5652:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 5551:The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 5471:(1981). His most controversial novel, 5325:The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 4940:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 4903: 2816:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 2803:transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong 2769:Having left the Commonwealth over its 2683:. There were also calls to change the 2533:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 1846:, and five have monarchs of different 1499:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan 15808: 15630: 15465: 15377: 15114: 14623: 14295: 13970: 13863: 13787: 13660: 13647: 13087: 12654: 11795:from the original on 16 December 2018 11782: 11118:from the original on 19 December 2021 11052:. International.gc.ca. Archived from 10994:from the original on 5 September 2017 10949: 10931:from the original on 26 November 2012 10811: 10439: 9995:from the original on 24 November 2018 9800:from the original on 10 December 2014 9713:from the original on 19 November 2007 9496:(April 2002). "Commonwealth Update". 9014:"The Gambia rejoins the Commonwealth" 8946:Alderson, Andrew (17 December 2006). 8804:from the original on 25 December 2018 8525: 8062: 7862:American Journal of International Law 7794: 7759: 7636:from the original on 16 November 2020 7576:from the original on 14 November 2020 7347: 7345: 7224:from the original on 10 January 2022. 7209: 6923:from the original on 15 February 2023 6897: 6821: 6782:de Villiers, Marq (1998). "Review of 6486:from the original on 20 December 2014 6441: 6201:from the original on 20 November 2015 5970:from the original on 6 September 2020 5813:Organization of Ibero-American States 5735:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5620:Queen Elizabeth II's Platinum Jubilee 4983: 2584:Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group 2326:Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group 2176:British Commonwealth Occupation Force 1931:, Rwanda, in June 2020. Owing to the 1898:Commonwealth Prime Ministers Meetings 1507:British Commonwealth Occupation Force 1270: 1232:Citizenship of a Commonwealth country 12438:Britain, the Commonwealth and Europe 12358: 11933:"The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001" 11903:"The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007" 11868:from the original on 2 December 2023 11813: 11748: 11705:from the original on 10 January 2022 11411:"About the Commonwealth of Learning" 11345: 11307: 11171:"Commonwealth Foundation – About Us" 10382: 10130:from the original on 2 December 2013 10070:Commonwealth Observer Group (1999). 10026:from the original on 31 October 2021 9948: 9892:from the original on 31 October 2021 9850:Mike Blanchfield (14 January 2013). 9662:(July 2000). "Commonwealth Update". 9416:(July 2004). "Commonwealth Update". 9209:from the original on 9 February 2013 9183:from the original on 6 February 2013 9157:from the original on 9 February 2013 8987:. The Commonwealth. 4 October 2013. 8962:from the original on 10 January 2022 8936: 8584: 8108:from the original on 14 October 2017 7829: 7671:Belton, Kristy A. (2 January 2019). 7315: 7296:"Rwanda: Joining the Commonwealth". 7247:from the original on 23 January 2009 7157:Gowland, David; et al. (2009). 7061: 6260: 6146:from the original on 24 January 2021 4827:, but this was repeatedly vetoed by 2437:Committee on Commonwealth Membership 2412:The Commonwealth flag flying at the 2377:Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative 2354:Committee on Commonwealth Membership 1281:Historiography of the British Empire 15972:Mountain and Ultra Distance Running 15401:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands 14244:. British Cameroons is now part of 12296:"Windsor Suite Commonwealth Anthem" 12222:from the original on 10 August 2014 12037:from the original on 5 January 2024 11913:from the original on 10 August 2018 11670:from the original on 8 October 2008 10611:from the original on 10 August 2013 10421:from the original on 15 August 2021 10395:from the original on 16 August 2021 10219:"Aso Rock Commonwealth Declaration" 10014:Srinivasan, Meera (February 2020). 9743:from the original on 2 October 2020 9112: 9091: 7788: 7753: 7420:from the original on 4 October 2023 7318:"Rwanda Joins British Commonwealth" 7094: 7080:(2). DEA/50121-B-40. Archived from 6763:from the original on 19 August 2018 6516:from the original on 15 August 2011 5952: 5656:Commonwealth Local Government Forum 5586: 5160:Commonwealth Local Government Forum 5154:Commonwealth Local Government Forum 1710:proposed to British prime minister 1517:For a more comprehensive list, see 1458: 1432:in 1949. Australia and New Zealand 24: 15702:Bank for International Settlements 14260:unilaterally declared independence 13955:1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802 12834:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 12572: 12316: 12096:from the original on 30 March 2019 11891:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 11783:Tunca, Daria (27 September 2018). 11551:Commonwealth War Graces Commission 11417:from the original on 11 April 2023 11148:from the original on 25 March 2023 10832:from the original on 30 March 2019 10800:Australian Economic History Review 10763:from the original on 30 March 2019 10595:"Gross domestic product 2012, PPP" 10383:Watt, Nicholas (29 October 2011). 10361:from the original on 28 March 2012 10349:Cheadle, Bruce (29 October 2011). 10330:from the original on 23 March 2012 10318:Cheadle, Bruce (30 October 2011). 10090:from the original on 26 March 2023 9831:from the original on 21 April 2015 9703:"Fiji suspended from Commonwealth" 9235:. 23 November 2012. Archived from 8652:"Country Comparisons – Population" 8308:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1949.tb00131.x 8044:from the original on 27 March 2019 7546:from the original on 22 April 2021 7432: 7342: 7330:from the original on 18 April 2021 6986:from the original on 11 March 2021 6836:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1990.tb01493.x 6191:Queen Elizabeth II (1 July 1959). 6087:. The Commonwealth. Archived from 5992:. The Commonwealth. Archived from 5513:(Nobel Prize 2003) and playwright 5098:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 5088:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 5082:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2900:Commonwealth Eminent Persons Group 2824:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2541:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2079:Commonwealth citizens may receive 1957:, London, the headquarters of the 1513:Decolonisation and self-governance 32:Commonwealth of Independent States 25: 16140: 16109:Organizations established in 1949 15467:Antarctica and the South Atlantic 15446:Occupied by Argentina during the 15378: 14624: 13489:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 12634: 12252:from the original on 29 July 2018 12212:"Queen marks Commonwealth launch" 12117:(Brown, Son & Ferguson, 1952) 11623:Dawson, Michael (February 2006). 11086:from the original on 16 June 2021 10877:from the original on 4 July 2015. 10671:from the original on 7 April 2021 10641:from the original on 22 June 2019 10474:"World Population Prospects 2022" 10440:Sinha, Kounteya (11 March 2013). 10417:. Standard.co.uk. 11 March 2013. 10284:Borger, Julian (8 October 2010). 10265:from the original on 2 March 2011 10228:. 8 December 2003. Archived from 9788:Nasik Swami (28 September 2014). 9020:from the original on 14 July 2018 8924:from the original on 11 July 2017 8864:from the original on 24 June 2017 8854:"World Economic Outlook Database" 8607:from the original on 17 July 2018 8526:Osike, Felix (24 November 2007). 8503:. 6 December 2006. Archived from 8407:. 20 October 1991. Archived from 8401:"Harare Commonwealth Declaration" 7364:from the original on 27 June 2022 7235:Thomson, Mike (15 January 2007). 7134:. Monarchy Canada. Archived from 7045:The Monarchy and the Constitution 6749:Hennessy, Patrick (5 June 2004). 6172:from the original on 1 April 2023 6058:from the original on 16 July 2005 4883:vote in June 2016 to leave the EU 2777:was readmitted in 1994 following 2642:The declaration of a Republic in 2562:Chief Minister of the Isle of Man 2174:in post-war Japan as part of the 2124:for several Commonwealth nations. 1980:The secretariat is headed by the 1768:Prior to Togo's admission at the 1657:India's inaugural prime minister 1365:, leading to the creation of the 1258:, as promoted by the quadrennial 16124:Political history of New Zealand 15610: 15601: 15600: 15013:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13332:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12332:Commonwealth Elections 1945–1970 12288: 12264: 12234: 12204: 12192:from the original on 10 May 2013 12173: 12161:from the original on 10 May 2013 12142: 12120: 12108: 12070: 12049: 11990: 11955: 11895: 11880: 11858:"Commonwealth Short Story Prize" 11850: 11824: 11807: 11759: 11742: 11682: 11649: 11616: 11589: 11564: 11539: 11526:Government of the United Kingdom 11514: 11489: 11459: 11429: 11403: 11378: 11301: 11264: 11173:. 5 January 2006. Archived from 11130: 11098: 11068: 11042: 11006: 10988:New Statesman 28th February 2017 10976: 10943: 10907: 10857: 10844: 10805: 10788: 10775: 10736: 10709: 10696: 10683: 10653: 10623: 10587: 10575:from the original on 11 May 2011 10557: 10521: 10433: 10407: 10342: 10277: 10247: 10211: 10181: 10168: 10142: 10102: 10063: 10038: 10007: 9977: 9936:from the original on 17 May 2020 9922: 9904: 9874: 9862:from the original on 24 May 2013 9843: 9819:David Miliband (11 March 2013). 9812: 9781: 9755: 9725: 9652: 9626: 9581:from the original on 22 May 2018 9563: 9526: 9446: 9406: 9366: 9326: 9294: 9251: 9221: 9195: 9169: 9143: 9054: 9032: 8906: 8890:. 23 August 2013. Archived from 8876: 8816: 8786: 8261:"The Gurkha Regiments Explained" 7606:from the original on 5 July 2008 7352:Turner, Camilla (22 June 2022). 7210:Clout, Laura (15 January 2007). 6956:from the original on 15 May 2011 6668:"Celebrating thecommonwealth@60" 6371:from the original on 1 June 2023 5933:. September 2011. Archived from 5830: 5761: 5747: 5175:Commonwealth Heads of Government 5022:, is held every four years; the 4758: 4715: 4682: 4649: 4616: 4583: 4550: 4517: 4484: 4451: 4418: 4385: 4352: 4319: 4286: 4253: 4220: 4187: 4162:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4154: 4121: 4088: 4055: 4022: 3989: 3956: 3923: 3890: 3857: 3824: 3791: 3758: 3725: 3692: 3659: 3626: 3593: 3560: 3527: 3494: 3461: 3428: 3395: 3362: 3329: 3296: 3263: 3230: 3197: 3164: 3131: 3098: 3065: 3032: 2999: 2812:Commonwealth Lawyers Association 2529:Commonwealth Lawyers Association 2513:Associated States of New Zealand 2045:High commissioner (Commonwealth) 1986:Commonwealth heads of government 1890:Commonwealth Heads of Government 938: 925: 911: 897: 884: 870: 856: 843: 830: 816: 801: 786: 772: 758: 744: 731: 725:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 717: 702: 687: 673: 659: 645: 632: 618: 604: 591: 578: 565: 552: 539: 526: 513: 500: 487: 474: 461: 448: 435: 422: 409: 396: 383: 370: 357: 344: 331: 318: 305: 292: 279: 266: 253: 240: 227: 214: 199: 117:Partially suspended member state 96: 81: 67: 16099:Intergovernmental organizations 11887:Drabble, Margaret, ed. (1996). 10565:"GDP per capita (current US$ )" 9634:"Fiji Rejoins the Commonwealth" 9104:. 11 March 2011. Archived from 8991:from the original on 1 May 2021 8830:. 12 April 1999. Archived from 8798:Radio New Zealand International 8746: 8730:. 19 March 2009. Archived from 8710: 8694:. 19 March 2009. Archived from 8680: 8664:. 19 March 2009. Archived from 8644: 8619: 8519: 8489: 8423: 8393: 8356: 8340:. 7 August 1979. Archived from 8279: 8253: 8231: 8209:Taylor, Claire (12 June 2009). 8202: 8187:Allison, George (27 May 2024). 8180: 8155: 8136: 8120: 8090: 8056: 8026: 8005:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 7998:"The new UK Emergency Passport" 7990: 7962: 7897: 7852: 7823: 7728: 7703: 7664: 7618: 7588: 7558: 7534:Walker, Peter (20 April 2018). 7527: 7497: 7402: 7376: 7316:Kron, Josh (28 November 2009). 7259: 7228: 7203: 7190: 7177: 7150: 7088: 6968: 6938: 6891: 6775: 6742: 6729: 6716: 6703: 6690: 6660: 6635: 6610: 6562: 6528: 6498: 6467: 6413: 6406:, agreed in 1921, included the 6396: 6383: 6353: 6305: 6261:Mole, Stuart (September 2004). 6254: 6224: 6213: 6184: 6128: 2970: 2746:alleged human rights violations 2509:Australian external territories 2108:Legal institutional connections 1971:United Nations General Assembly 1539:Burma (Myanmar since 1989) and 1386:British Commonwealth of Nations 1246:defines their shared values of 1182:British Commonwealth of Nations 990:The Baroness Scotland of Asthal 16114:Political history of Australia 15717:International Seabed Authority 15509:Australian Antarctic Territory 14365:since 1965 (before as part of 14362:British Indian Ocean Territory 14248:, while Tanganyika is part of 13879:since 1960 (before as part of 13559:British Indian Ocean Territory 13468:Australian Antarctic Territory 12440:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001) 11443:. 31 July 2013. Archived from 9930:"The Commonwealth Secretariat" 9205:. Policy Council of Guernsey. 8631:Australian Antarctic Territory 8163:"Nationality and Commonwealth" 8143:"High Court promulgation 2007" 8127:"High Court Act to be amended" 7439:Lawson, Alice (24 June 2022). 7302:. AllAfrica. 27 November 2009. 6474:Webb, Jeff A. (January 2003). 6103: 6077: 6038: 5916: 5851: 5710: 5359:Commonwealth Short Story Prize 5343:Commonwealth Short Story Prize 5169:to support the development of 2272:". In the wake of the wave of 1982:Commonwealth secretary-general 1563:(which united with the former 1493:in every major theatre of the 1485:British Empire in World War II 1378:Paris Peace Conference of 1919 1340:in 1959, pointed out that the 1336:, in her address to Canada on 1219:, whilst 36 other members are 1137:, often simply referred to as 13: 1: 13012:Commonwealth Youth Parliament 12824:Commonwealth Games Federation 12814:Commonwealth Business Council 12457:The Commonwealth in the World 12365:"Imperial Organization" 12337:Cook, Chris and John Paxton. 11689:Pflanz, Mike (24 July 2007). 11308:Muda, Muhammad (April 1998). 11050:"Canada-European Union: CETA" 10693:(2005): 436–481, esp. 469-71. 10538:. 1 July 2013. Archived from 10529:"Gross domestic product 2012" 9258:Colvile, Robert (July 2004). 7689:10.1080/14662043.2019.1545526 7198:Contemporary European History 7016:. 16 May 1949. Archived from 6546:. August 2007. Archived from 6110:Srinivasan, Krishnan (2008). 5861:. 6 June 2013. Archived from 5844: 5465:. Rushdie achieved fame with 5310: 5281:inaugural edition in Hamilton 2885: 2567: 2557:Government of the Isle of Man 2461: 2428:(2,941,300 sq mi). 2231: 2004:of Guyana (1975–1990), Chief 1892:, including (amongst others) 1814:, was in office for 70 years. 1595:countries, predominantly non- 1445:Status of the Union Act, 1934 43:Commonwealth (disambiguation) 15707:International Criminal Court 13820:British Overseas Territories 13073:Visits by Queen Elizabeth II 12758:Commonwealth Youth Programme 12339:Commonwealth Political Facts 12149:Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah. 12127:Royal Commonwealth Society, 10783:Canada and the End of Empire 10050:South African History Online 9153:. Chief Minister of Jersey. 8718:"Country Comparisons – Area" 7659:Commonwealth Political Facts 7185:Contemporary British History 6698:Commonwealth Political Facts 6696:Chris Cook and John Paxton, 5789:, an equivalent grouping of 5678:adopted in 2003 reflect the 5392:The Story of an African Farm 5289:cricket at schools in Rwanda 2865:environmental sustainability 2501:British Overseas Territories 2012:of New Zealand (2000–2008). 2008:of Nigeria (1990–1999), and 1787: 1772:, Togolese Foreign Minister 1746:that had been a district of 1725: 1714:that their two countries be 1663:Constituent Assembly Debates 1620:Republic of Ireland Act 1948 1530:British overseas territories 1505:and New Zealand made up the 1434:ratified the statute in 1942 135:British Overseas Territories 7: 16119:Political history of Canada 15712:International Monetary Fund 15658:International organizations 15536:British Antarctic Territory 15246:Western Pacific Territories 15140: 13772:Charter of the Commonwealth 13553:British Antarctic Territory 13462:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 13007:Commonwealth Writers' Prize 12476:Making the New Commonwealth 12461:University of Toronto Press 11939:. Nobel Prize Outreach AB. 11250:10.1080/0035853022000010308 11244:(365): 293–296. July 2002. 10818:. Victoria UP. p. 23. 9549:10.1080/0035853042000188139 9432:10.1080/0035853042000249933 9279:10.1080/0035853042000249942 8858:International Monetary Fund 8728:Central Intelligence Agency 8662:Central Intelligence Agency 8635:British Antarctic Territory 8528:"Rwanda membership delayed" 6607:Retrieved: 18 October 2010. 6282:10.1080/0035853042000289128 5931:Her Majesty's Civil Service 5740: 5351:Commonwealth Writers' Prize 4825:European Economic Community 2926:Charter of the Commonwealth 2829: 2796:first multiracial elections 2674:elections in September 2014 2629:called a state of emergency 2443:Economy of member countries 2258:Statute of Westminster 1931 2245: 2086:British emergency passports 1687:Proposals to include Europe 1473:Colony of Southern Rhodesia 1242:rather than embassies. The 1159:use of the English language 10: 16145: 15722:World Customs Organization 15274:Gilbert and Ellice Islands 14691:British Arctic Territories 13971: 13864: 13748:Millbrook Action Programme 12748:Deputy Secretaries-General 12370:The Empire and the century 12246:Commonwealth Music Council 11961:Man Booker official site: 10749:. OUP Oxford. p. 87. 10255:"Commonwealth Secretariat" 9543:(373): 3–6. January 2004. 8034:"Travel related documents" 7505:"Head of the Commonwealth" 6713:(Oxford UP, 2009), p. 102. 6331:Royal Commonwealth Society 5717:Royal Commonwealth Society 5685: 5395:was published in 1883 and 5339:Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi 5314: 5188: 5184: 5157: 5139: 5085: 5018:The Commonwealth Games, a 4987: 4953: 4918: 4914:Royal Commonwealth Society 4875:Royal Commonwealth Society 4866: 4805: 2935: 2931: 2714: 2711:Withdrawal and termination 2625:the country's constitution 2571: 2465: 2446: 2435:", but was renamed on the 2389: 2385: 2249: 2038: 1943: 1877: 1834:should succeed his mother 1796: 1611: 1516: 1482: 1449:Parliament of South Africa 1400:Adoption and formalisation 1274: 1265: 40: 29: 16064:Commonwealth Winter Games 16053: 15884: 15843: 15765: 15727:Inter-Parliamentary Union 15691: 15672: 15585: 15554: 15514:Commonwealth of Australia 15472: 15461: 15432: 15384: 15373: 15339: 15146: 15110: 14916:Newfoundland and Labrador 14630: 14619: 14597:League of Nations mandate 14578: 14302: 14291: 14272:Lancaster House Agreement 14242:League of Nations mandate 14231: 13977: 13966: 13870: 13859: 13826: 13695: 13654: 13631: 13527: 13502: 13452: 13443: 13420: 13125: 13053: 12974: 12931: 12799: 12766: 12715: 12689: 12535:, Clarendon Press, 1960. 12478:, Clarendon Press, 1988. 12015:10.1080/00358530601167335 11724:Duncan, Isabelle (2013). 11642:10.1080/09523360500386419 11610:10.1080/09523368908713685 11329:10.1080/00358539808454416 11287:10.1080/00358530500175033 11210:10.1080/00358530801890561 9678:10.1080/00358530050083406 9512:10.1080/00358530220144148 9469:10.1080/00358530701864963 9352:10.1080/00358530701625877 9077:10.1080/00358530600929735 8772:10.1080/00358530801962089 8379:10.1080/00358530500174960 7163:. Routledge. p. 46. 7097:"Royal titles and styles" 6946:"Staying loyal to George" 6794:(4): 783–785 : 783. 6544:Parliament of New Zealand 5793:countries and territories 5453:Nobel Prize in Literature 5337:Ugandan-British novelist 4756: 4713: 4680: 4647: 4614: 4581: 4548: 4515: 4482: 4449: 4416: 4383: 4350: 4317: 4284: 4251: 4218: 4185: 4152: 4119: 4086: 4053: 4020: 3987: 3954: 3921: 3888: 3855: 3822: 3789: 3756: 3723: 3690: 3657: 3624: 3591: 3558: 3525: 3492: 3459: 3426: 3393: 3360: 3327: 3294: 3261: 3228: 3195: 3162: 3129: 3096: 3063: 3030: 2997: 2976: 2973: 2963: 2958: 2898:considered a report by a 2835:Objectives and activities 2806:the organisations of the 2727:declare itself a republic 2214:Royal Brunei Armed Forces 1973:by the secretariat as an 1818:Under the formula of the 1738:. Its entry preceded the 1676:constitutional monarchies 1654:, have remained members. 1143:international association 1116: 1106: 1096: 1091: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1057: 1040: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1012: 995: 978: 963: 959: 954: 182: 172: 162: 147: 95: 63: 52: 16060:Commonwealth Youth Games 15757:World Trade Organization 15044:Turks and Caicos Islands 14351:(protectorate) 1907–1949 14296: 13923:(integrated into the UK) 13760:Latimer House Principles 13619:Turks and Caicos Islands 13030:Commonwealth citizenship 12791:Ministerial Action Group 12723:Head of the Commonwealth 12641:Commonwealth Secretariat 12615:Mansergh, Nicholas, ed. 11728:. London: Robson Press. 10259:Commonwealth Secretariat 10226:Commonwealth Secretariat 10193:Commonwealth Secretariat 10121:Commonwealth Secretariat 9040:"States and Territories" 8828:Commonwealth Secretariat 8692:Commonwealth Secretariat 8501:Commonwealth Secretariat 8435:Commonwealth Secretariat 8405:Commonwealth Secretariat 8338:Commonwealth Secretariat 8265:The Gurkha Welfare Trust 7509:Commonwealth Secretariat 7479:Commonwealth Secretariat 7095:Smy, William A. (2008). 7070:"Royal Style and Titles" 6907:A New History of Ireland 6905:. In Hill, J. R. (ed.). 6427:. Sidgwick and Jackson. 6365:civilservice.blog.gov.uk 6085:"The London Declaration" 6020:Commonwealth Secretariat 5823: 5693:flag of the Commonwealth 5676:Latimer House Principles 5440:Cry, the Beloved Country 5211: 5142:Commonwealth of Learning 5136:Commonwealth of Learning 4936:Commonwealth Scholarship 4862: 2849:representative democracy 2519:. There are also former 2373:Commonwealth Secretariat 2270:Head of the Commonwealth 1984:, who is elected by the 1967:Commonwealth Secretariat 1959:Commonwealth Secretariat 1946:Commonwealth Secretariat 1940:Commonwealth Secretariat 1828:Head of the Commonwealth 1812:Head of the Commonwealth 1799:Head of the Commonwealth 1793:Head of the Commonwealth 1410:1926 Imperial Conference 1209:Head of the Commonwealth 1190:1926 Imperial Conference 1163:Commonwealth Secretariat 1112:75/km (194.2/sq mi) 30:Not to be confused with 16089:Commonwealth of Nations 15780:Commonwealth of Nations 15327:1919–1942 and 1945–1968 15152:18th and 19th centuries 14968:Queen Charlotte Islands 14928:North-Western Territory 14900:1665–1674 and 1702–1776 14503:1781–1784 and 1795–1819 14168:1923–1965 and 1979–1980 13851:Commonwealth of Nations 13689:Commonwealth of Nations 13479:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 13119:Commonwealth of Nations 12819:Commonwealth Foundation 12682:Commonwealth of Nations 12646:Commonwealth Foundation 12609:2 February 2017 at the 12579:Madden, Frederick, ed. 12550:94.380 (2005): 381–391. 12430:2 February 2017 at the 11968:29 January 2017 at the 11862:Commonwealth Foundation 11385:Geurst, Jeroen (2010). 9320:10.1080/003585399107758 7955:, (1999) 199 7846:10.1093/iclqaj/31.3.451 7266:Frank Heinlein (2013). 6647:Australian War Memorial 6600:29 October 2010 at the 5317:Postcolonial literature 5040:2026 Commonwealth Games 5032:2022 Commonwealth Games 5024:2018 Commonwealth Games 4962:Commonwealth Foundation 4956:Commonwealth Foundation 4950:Commonwealth Foundation 4869:Commonwealth free trade 2943:Economic data by member 2122:highest court of appeal 1744:Belgian trust territory 1384:of 1921, when the term 1359:became more independent 1342:Confederation of Canada 1167:Commonwealth Foundation 1135:Commonwealth of Nations 56:Commonwealth of Nations 15077:West Indies Federation 14266:) and continued as an 13849:Current member of the 13712:Statute of Westminster 13564:British Virgin Islands 12626:19 August 2018 at the 12591:19 August 2018 at the 12524:Srinivasan, Krishnan. 12447:19 August 2018 at the 12436:Maitland, Donald. ed. 12064:8 January 2024 at the 10722:. Wiley. p. 416. 9233:Isle of Man Government 8098:"Practice direction 1" 7953:[1999] HCA 30 6391:Jan Smuts: A Biography 6166:"Commonwealth Charter" 5859:"Commonwealth Charter" 5797:English-speaking world 5782:Commonwealth Caribbean 5627: 5607: 5380: 5346: 5232: 5221:Rwanda Cricket Stadium 5105: 5015: 4916: 2782: 2707:as president in 2015. 2601: 2455:gross domestic product 2420: 2405: 2242: 2226:Singapore Police Force 2179: 2125: 2036: 1962: 1815: 1810:, the longest-serving 1672: 1608:Commonwealth republics 1480: 1421:Statute of Westminster 1330: 1294: 1194:Statute of Westminster 1045:Statute of Westminster 14999:Saint Kitts and Nevis 14270:state until the 1979 13876:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 13754:Edinburgh Declaration 13724:Singapore Declaration 13687:Key documents of the 13537:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 13445:Dependent territories 13322:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13035:Commonwealth diaspora 12961:Commonwealth republic 12416:36.4 (2008): 591–614. 12387:27.2 (1999): 193–212. 12330:Bloomfield, Valerie. 12280:. 13 September 2017. 12136:8 August 2014 at the 11983:17 March 2016 at the 11836:The Man Booker Prizes 10812:Brown, Bruce (1977). 10802:46#2 (2006): 155–175. 10743:Gill Bennett (2013). 10509:, Population Division 10480:, Population Division 9050:on 29 September 2007. 8295:The Modern Law Review 8063:Lloyd, Lorna (2007). 7416:. 20 September 2023. 7132:"The Invisible Crown" 6982:. 16 September 2020. 6788:International Journal 6739:44.2 (2006): 257–269. 6016:"Commonwealth Family" 5769:United Kingdom portal 5613: 5594: 5481:(born 1932), born in 5375:South African writer 5374: 5336: 5219: 5095: 5028:Gold Coast, Australia 4997: 4911: 4867:Further information: 4766:Commonwealth (realms) 4096:Saint Kitts and Nevis 2841:Singapore Declaration 2768: 2757:Ibrahim Mohamed Solih 2703:of opposition leader 2592: 2411: 2399: 2330:Edinburgh Declaration 2283:Singapore Declaration 2239: 2166: 2115: 2090:Documents of Identity 2023: 1953: 1914:the most recent CHOGM 1910:chair-in-office (CIO) 1806: 1740:Edinburgh Declaration 1667: 1466: 1428:joined Canada as its 1363:the first one in 1887 1300: 1288: 695:Saint Kitts and Nevis 177:Voluntary association 108:Current member states 15838:sports championships 15737:New Development Bank 15527:Realm of New Zealand 15525:(transferred to the 15512:(transferred to the 15345:Realm of New Zealand 14946:Prince Edward Island 14824:1671–1816, 1833–1960 13736:Langkawi Declaration 13197:Eswatini (Swaziland) 13017:Round Table movement 12564:23 June 2017 at the 12507:6.2 (1989): 145–155. 12397:McIntyre, W. David. 12390:McIntyre, W. David. 12348:1.3 (1962): 169–193. 12180:Elizabeth Renzetti. 10990:. 25 February 2017. 10924:. 15 November 2012. 10716:Ben Pimlott (1998). 9991:. 20 November 2018. 9179:. House of Commons. 8668:on 27 September 2011 8441:on 30 September 2006 8344:on 30 September 2006 7982:on 19 October 2013. 7515:on 30 September 2006 7200:(1998) 7#1 pp 39–60. 7187:(1996) 10#4 pp 1–34. 7130:Toporoski, Richard. 7101:The Loyalist Gazette 7084:on 23 November 2011. 7042:(12 February 1998), 6952:. 19 February 2010. 6347:10.1086/ahr/74.3.999 6168:. The Commonwealth. 5900:. The Commonwealth. 5680:separation of powers 5410:Indian sub-continent 5384:South African writer 5271:, with Australia in 5130:Stone of Remembrance 5068:Gleneagles Agreement 5044:Summer Olympic Games 5006:, shown here at the 2971:GDP (nominal, US$ ) 2880:Aso Rock Declaration 2869:Langkawi Declaration 2779:non-racial elections 2705:Maithripala Sirisena 2695:. UK prime minister 2661:the most recent coup 2414:Parliament of Canada 2324:, which created the 2184:British Armed Forces 2159:Military connections 2146:Realm of New Zealand 2144:which are under the 2041:Commonwealth citizen 1902:Imperial Conferences 1577:Joseph Chamberlain's 1567:in 1960 to form the 1388:was substituted for 1367:Imperial Conferences 1244:Commonwealth Charter 1202:British Commonwealth 1098:• 2016 estimate 126:Former member states 15995:Rhythmic Gymnastics 15766:Cultural IGOs 15558:Since 2009 part of 15450:of April–June 1982. 15037:Trinidad and Tobago 14651:Antigua and Barbuda 14551:Straits Settlements 13700:Balfour Declaration 13387:Trinidad and Tobago 13137:Antigua and Barbuda 12941:Membership criteria 12801:Commonwealth Family 12768:Heads of government 12514:, Routledge, 2008. 12351:Holland, Robert F. 12327:35.1 (2007): 73–94. 11698:The Daily Telegraph 11441:thecommonwealth.org 10954:. London: Civitas. 10950:Milne, Ian (2011). 10794:Andrea Benvenuti, 10123:. 22 January 1971. 10117:thecommonwealth.org 9932:. 13 October 2016. 9769:on 1 September 2019 9709:. 8 December 2006. 9614:on 4 September 2009 8955:The Daily Telegraph 8888:thecommonwealth.org 8688:"Tuvalu: Key Facts" 8014:on 12 December 2012 7473:(24 October 2007). 7471:Patterson, Percival 7107:(1). Archived from 7014:Parliament of India 6786:by Linda Freeman". 6672:thecommonwealth.org 6236:thecommonwealth.org 5898:thecommonwealth.org 5791:Portuguese-speaking 5728:Commonwealth Anthem 5574:Krishnan Srinivasan 5488:A Bend in the River 5468:Midnight's Children 5405:In a German Pension 5400:Katherine Mansfield 5305:most recent edition 5148:heads of government 4970:Heads of Government 4921:Commonwealth Family 4904:Commonwealth Family 4525:Trinidad and Tobago 3007:Antigua and Barbuda 2808:Commonwealth Family 2521:British possessions 2517:Commonwealth Family 2218:Gurkha Reserve Unit 2186:. According to the 2088:. Australia issues 2081:consular assistance 1922:president of Rwanda 1716:joined in a "union" 1702:At the time of the 1632:V. K. Krishna Menon 1582:Krishnan Srinivasan 1526:Commonwealth realms 1509:in post-war Japan. 1475:, South Africa and 1453:law of South Africa 1406:Balfour Declaration 1217:Commonwealth realms 1186:Balfour Declaration 1124:thecommonwealth.org 1030:Balfour Declaration 878:Trinidad and Tobago 207:Antigua and Barbuda 16056:Commonwealth Games 14710:Cape Breton Island 14601:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 14443:Unfederated States 14258:Southern Rhodesia 13845:Commonwealth realm 13742:Harare Declaration 13730:Lusaka Declaration 13718:London Declaration 13045:King's Baton Relay 12987:Commonwealth Games 12956:Commonwealth realm 12946:Special membership 12553:Winks, Robin, ed. 12454:Mansergh, Nicholas 12401:, Palgrave, 2001. 12341:(Macmillan, 1978). 12186:The Globe and Mail 12155:The Globe and Mail 11838:. 12 December 2013 11752:The Globe and Mail 11497:"The Commonwealth" 11477:on 11 January 2017 11447:on 1 February 2019 11389:. 010 Publishers. 11177:on 5 January 2006. 11111:ABC News Australia 11021:Trade.EC.Europe.eu 10922:British Parliament 10447:The Times of India 9965:on 14 October 2016 9888:. 9 January 2015. 9856:The Globe and Mail 9640:on 1 November 2004 8834:on 11 October 2008 8754:McIntyre, W. David 8734:on 9 February 2014 8723:The World Factbook 8698:on 29 October 2007 8657:The World Factbook 8540:on 23 January 2013 8411:on 7 February 2004 8148:2008-07-25 at the 8003:. United Kingdom: 7626:"The Commonwealth" 7572:. 22 August 2013. 7323:The New York Times 7138:on 9 February 2008 7020:on 9 November 2013 6700:(Macmillan, 1978). 6404:Oath of Allegiance 6136:"The Commonwealth" 5990:"The Commonwealth" 5940:on 6 December 2011 5722:Commonwealth Games 5644:Westminster system 5628: 5608: 5604:Westminster system 5474:The Satanic Verses 5381: 5347: 5321:Migrant literature 5277:Commonwealth Games 5233: 5126:Cross of Sacrifice 5106: 5016: 5000:Commonwealth Games 4990:Commonwealth Games 4984:Commonwealth Games 4934:which manages the 4917: 4849:Quebec nationalism 2873:Harare Declaration 2861:Lusaka Declaration 2853:individual liberty 2783: 2611:on the eve of the 2602: 2580:Harare Declaration 2553:States of Guernsey 2505:Crown Dependencies 2475:Harare Declaration 2433:special membership 2421: 2406: 2310:Harare Declaration 2262:London Declaration 2243: 2202:Brigade of Gurkhas 2180: 2153:High Court of Fiji 2126: 2098:high commissioners 2037: 1963: 1900:and, earlier, the 1820:London Declaration 1816: 1808:Queen Elizabeth II 1748:German East Africa 1720:on the Irish basis 1628:London Declaration 1565:Italian Somaliland 1561:British Somaliland 1534:London Declaration 1481: 1382:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1334:Queen Elizabeth II 1331: 1325:(New Zealand) and 1321:(United Kingdom), 1295: 1291:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1289:Draft of the 1921 1271:Conceptual origins 1260:Commonwealth Games 1198:London Declaration 1062:London Declaration 140:Crown Dependencies 36:Commonwealth realm 16076: 16075: 16070: 16069: 15885:Individual sports 15802: 15801: 15798: 15797: 15674:Intergovernmental 15624: 15623: 15581: 15580: 15457: 15456: 15389:Providence Island 15369: 15368: 15334: 15333: 15202:Western Australia 15170:Van Diemen's Land 15106: 15105: 15083:Associated States 14781:Columbia District 14615: 14614: 14469:Manila and Cavite 14287: 14286: 14166:Southern Rhodesia 14160:South-West Africa 14110:Northern Rhodesia 14022:Cape of Good Hope 13962: 13961: 13839:Current territory 13781: 13780: 13641: 13640: 13627: 13626: 13484:Coral Sea Islands 13422:Associated states 13081: 13080: 12997:Commonwealth Flag 12966:High Commissioner 12753:Marlborough House 12742:Patricia Scotland 12738:Secretary-General 12541:978-0-313-23624-2 12528:(Springer, 2005). 12520:978-0-415-35120-1 12510:Shaw, Timothy M. 12493:(Oxford UP 2013) 12484:978-0-19-820112-0 12469:978-0-8020-2492-3 12407:978-0-333-96310-4 12355:(Springer, 1981). 12304:. 20 March 2018. 12089:978-1-349-68398-7 11817:The Straits Times 11769:Los Angeles Times 11396:978-90-6450-715-1 10961:978-1-906837-32-7 10825:978-0-86473-372-6 10756:978-0-19-164163-3 10729:978-0-471-28330-0 10702:Alan S. Milward, 10545:on 10 August 2013 10261:. 7 August 1979. 10199:on 20 August 2006 10083:978-0-85092-626-2 9392:10.1080/750459452 9139:on 11 March 2011. 9108:on 11 March 2011. 8860:. 18 April 2017. 8568:. 3 August 2008. 8267:. 18 October 2022 8076:978-90-04-15497-1 7657:Cook and Paxton, 7279:978-1-135-28441-1 7170:978-1-134-35452-8 7055:978-0-19-829334-7 6950:indianexpress.com 6916:978-0-19-161559-7 6876:978-0-684-31366-5 6824:Political Studies 6580:978-0-7021-7121-5 6460:978-0-313-26257-9 6434:978-0-283-97908-8 6367:. 12 March 2018. 6121:978-0-230-20367-9 6051:. November 1926. 6026:on 31 August 2007 5966:. February 2012. 5519:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o 5501:, and playwright 5496:Nigerian novelist 5449:Southern Rhodesia 5443:dates from 1948. 5430:Wide Sargasso Sea 5198:Commonwealth Flag 5171:democratic values 5167:local governments 5020:multi-sport event 4978:Pall Mall, London 4974:Marlborough House 4829:Charles de Gaulle 4803: 4802: 4799: 4798: 2681:Mahinda Rajapaksa 2650:designed to deny 2402:Parliament Square 2337:Harare principles 2316:, and the end of 2222:Gurkha Contingent 2172:5th Gurkha Rifles 2055:the right to vote 1955:Marlborough House 1736:Portuguese colony 1681:legal personality 1349:, while visiting 1319:Winston Churchill 1131: 1130: 983:Secretary-General 152:Marlborough House 16:(Redirected from 16136: 15856:Beach Volleyball 15829: 15822: 15815: 15806: 15805: 15773: 15752:World Bank Group 15689: 15688: 15685: 15667: 15651: 15644: 15637: 15628: 15627: 15614: 15604: 15603: 15569:Antarctic Treaty 15530: 15517: 15502:Falkland Islands 15494:Tristan da Cunha 15486:Ascension Island 15463: 15462: 15414:Falkland Islands 15375: 15374: 15343:Now part of the 15215:Pitcairn Islands 15180:Auckland Islands 15149: 15148: 15135: 15128: 15121: 15112: 15111: 15097:Windward Islands 15051:Vancouver Island 14828:MassachusettsBay 14697:British Columbia 14621: 14620: 14437:Federated States 14293: 14292: 14203:Tristan da Cunha 14172:Southern Nigeria 14104:Northern Nigeria 13983:Ascension Island 13968: 13967: 13924: 13861: 13860: 13835:Former territory 13832: 13808: 13801: 13794: 13785: 13784: 13681: 13674: 13667: 13658: 13657: 13645: 13644: 13604:Pitcairn Islands 13574:Falkland Islands 13474:Christmas Island 13450: 13449: 13312:Papua New Guinea 13127:Sovereign states 13108: 13101: 13094: 13085: 13084: 13002:Commonwealth Day 12982:English language 12675: 12668: 12661: 12652: 12651: 12489:Murphy, Philip. 12423:(1994), 908 pp. 12373: 12367: 12310: 12309: 12292: 12286: 12285: 12268: 12262: 12261: 12259: 12257: 12238: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12208: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12177: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12166: 12146: 12140: 12124: 12118: 12112: 12106: 12105: 12103: 12101: 12074: 12068: 12053: 12047: 12046: 12044: 12042: 11994: 11988: 11959: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11948: 11929: 11923: 11922: 11920: 11918: 11899: 11893: 11892: 11884: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11843: 11828: 11822: 11821: 11811: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11800: 11780: 11774: 11773: 11763: 11757: 11756: 11746: 11740: 11739: 11721: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11694: 11686: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11675: 11653: 11647: 11646: 11644: 11620: 11614: 11613: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11582: 11568: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11557: 11543: 11537: 11536: 11534: 11532: 11518: 11512: 11511: 11509: 11507: 11493: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11473:. Archived from 11463: 11457: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11433: 11427: 11426: 11424: 11422: 11407: 11401: 11400: 11382: 11376: 11375: 11365: 11354: 11353: 11343: 11334: 11333: 11331: 11322:(346): 211–226. 11305: 11299: 11298: 11281:(380): 339–349. 11268: 11262: 11261: 11231: 11222: 11221: 11188: 11179: 11178: 11167: 11158: 11157: 11155: 11153: 11142:The Commonwealth 11134: 11128: 11127: 11125: 11123: 11114:. 23 July 2022. 11102: 11096: 11095: 11093: 11091: 11082:. 15 June 2021. 11072: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11061: 11046: 11040: 11039: 11037: 11035: 11029: 11023:. Archived from 11018: 11010: 11004: 11003: 11001: 10999: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10947: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10936: 10930: 10919: 10911: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10900: 10895:on 15 April 2013 10885: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10869: 10861: 10855: 10848: 10842: 10841: 10839: 10837: 10809: 10803: 10797: 10792: 10786: 10779: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10713: 10707: 10700: 10694: 10687: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10627: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10610: 10599: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10561: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10550: 10544: 10533: 10525: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10504: 10496: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10470: 10464: 10463: 10461: 10459: 10454:on 11 April 2013 10450:. Archived from 10437: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10411: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10400: 10380: 10371: 10370: 10368: 10366: 10346: 10340: 10339: 10337: 10335: 10315: 10306: 10305: 10303: 10301: 10281: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10251: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10234: 10223: 10215: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10195:. Archived from 10185: 10179: 10178:89.357: 585–592. 10172: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10156:on 16 April 2008 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10129: 10114: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10095: 10067: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10042: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10031: 10011: 10005: 10004: 10002: 10000: 9981: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9955: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9926: 9920: 9919: 9914:. Archived from 9908: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9816: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9785: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9759: 9753: 9752: 9750: 9748: 9729: 9723: 9722: 9720: 9718: 9699: 9690: 9689: 9656: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9630: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9604: 9591: 9590: 9588: 9586: 9567: 9561: 9560: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9490: 9481: 9480: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9370: 9364: 9363: 9346:(392): 555–563. 9330: 9324: 9323: 9314:(352): 547–567. 9298: 9292: 9291: 9281: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9244: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9147: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9132:. Archived from 9127: 9119: 9110: 9109: 9098: 9089: 9088: 9071:(386): 487–502. 9058: 9052: 9051: 9046:. Archived from 9036: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9010: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8981: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8951: 8943: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8894:on 16 April 2014 8880: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8800:. 26 June 2011. 8790: 8784: 8783: 8750: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8714: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8684: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8648: 8642: 8623: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8606: 8599: 8591: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8536:. Archived from 8523: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8512: 8507:on 13 March 2007 8493: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8476: 8469: 8460: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8446: 8437:. Archived from 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8373:(380): 381–391. 8360: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8330: 8321: 8320: 8310: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8241:. 27 August 2023 8235: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8215: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8159: 8153: 8140: 8134: 8124: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8094: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8013: 8007:. Archived from 8002: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7981: 7974: 7966: 7960: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7732: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7668: 7662: 7655: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7600:The Commonwealth 7592: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7570:The Commonwealth 7566:"How we are run" 7562: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7511:. Archived from 7501: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7485:on 26 April 2009 7481:. Archived from 7467: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7380: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7349: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7313: 7304: 7303: 7293: 7284: 7283: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7215: 7207: 7201: 7194: 7188: 7181: 7175: 7174: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7040:Bogdanor, Vernon 7036: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6972: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6928: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6819: 6800:10.2307/40203728 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6746: 6740: 6733: 6727: 6720: 6714: 6709:Brian Harrison, 6707: 6701: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6678:on 4 August 2009 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6614: 6608: 6593:Hayter, Steven. 6591: 6585: 6584: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6417: 6411: 6408:Irish Free State 6400: 6394: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6284: 6275:(376): 533–546. 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6228: 6222: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6075: 6074: 6065: 6063: 6057: 6050: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6022:. Archived from 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5939: 5928: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5890: 5879: 5878: 5872: 5870: 5855: 5838: 5834: 5815:, consisting of 5771: 5766: 5765: 5764: 5757: 5755:Countries portal 5752: 5751: 5701:Commonwealth Day 5664:local government 5596:Parliament House 5587:Political system 5422:Caribbean writer 5389:'s famous novel 5355:Man Booker Prize 5202:Commonwealth Day 4764: 4762: 4761: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4457: 4455: 4454: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4030:Papua New Guinea 4028: 4026: 4025: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3863: 3861: 3860: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3302: 3300: 3299: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3137: 3135: 3134: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2974:GDP (PPP, US$ ) 2968: 2956: 2955: 2947: 2946: 2621:Pervez Musharraf 2548:States of Jersey 2349:English language 2345:King Charles III 2341:sovereign states 2210:Gorkha regiments 2167:Soldiers of the 2060:British subjects 2002:Shridath Ramphal 1782:Anglophone world 1659:Jawaharlal Nehru 1630:, as drafted by 1589:New Commonwealth 1495:Second World War 1469:Second World War 1467:Poster from the 1459:Second World War 1394:Irish Free State 1240:high commissions 1147:56 member states 1139:the Commonwealth 1126: 1064: 1053: 1052:11 December 1931 1047: 1036:19 November 1926 1032: 1002: 985: 943: 942: 941: 930: 929: 928: 921: 916: 915: 914: 902: 901: 900: 889: 888: 887: 880: 875: 874: 873: 861: 860: 859: 848: 847: 846: 835: 834: 833: 826: 821: 820: 819: 811: 806: 805: 804: 796: 791: 790: 789: 777: 776: 775: 768: 763: 762: 761: 749: 748: 747: 736: 735: 734: 727: 722: 721: 720: 712: 707: 706: 705: 697: 692: 691: 690: 678: 677: 676: 669: 667:Papua New Guinea 664: 663: 662: 650: 649: 648: 637: 636: 635: 628: 623: 622: 621: 609: 608: 607: 596: 595: 594: 583: 582: 581: 570: 569: 568: 557: 556: 555: 544: 543: 542: 531: 530: 529: 518: 517: 516: 505: 504: 503: 492: 491: 490: 479: 478: 477: 466: 465: 464: 453: 452: 451: 440: 439: 438: 427: 426: 425: 414: 413: 412: 401: 400: 399: 388: 387: 386: 375: 374: 373: 362: 361: 360: 349: 348: 347: 336: 335: 334: 323: 322: 321: 310: 309: 308: 297: 296: 295: 284: 283: 282: 271: 270: 269: 258: 257: 256: 245: 244: 243: 232: 231: 230: 219: 218: 217: 210: 209: 205: 203: 202: 164:Working language 158:, United Kingdom 132: 123: 114: 105: 100: 85: 71: 50: 49: 21: 18:New Commonwealth 16144: 16143: 16139: 16138: 16137: 16135: 16134: 16133: 16079: 16078: 16077: 16072: 16071: 16066: 16049: 15982:Pool Lifesaving 15880: 15839: 15833: 15803: 15794: 15767: 15761: 15679: 15675: 15668: 15661: 15655: 15625: 15620: 15577: 15550: 15524: 15522:Ross Dependency 15511: 15468: 15453: 15428: 15380: 15365: 15335: 15330: 15286: 15281:Solomon Islands 15228:North Australia 15208:South Australia 15164:New South Wales 15142: 15139: 15102: 14822:Leeward Islands 14626: 14611: 14574: 14481:Muscat and Oman 14298: 14283: 14227: 13973: 13958: 13922: 13866: 13855: 13830: 13822: 13812: 13782: 13777: 13766:Perth Agreement 13691: 13685: 13650: 13642: 13637: 13623: 13523: 13513:Ross Dependency 13498: 13439: 13416: 13357:Solomon Islands 13129: 13121: 13112: 13082: 13077: 13068:Prime ministers 13049: 13023:The Round Table 12970: 12927: 12836: 12795: 12781:Chair-in-Office 12762: 12711: 12685: 12679: 12637: 12632: 12628:Wayback Machine 12611:Wayback Machine 12593:Wayback Machine 12575: 12573:Primary sources 12570: 12566:Wayback Machine 12548:The Round Table 12449:Wayback Machine 12432:Wayback Machine 12319: 12317:Further reading 12314: 12313: 12294: 12293: 12289: 12270: 12269: 12265: 12255: 12253: 12240: 12239: 12235: 12225: 12223: 12210: 12209: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12178: 12174: 12164: 12162: 12147: 12143: 12138:Wayback Machine 12125: 12121: 12113: 12109: 12099: 12097: 12090: 12076: 12075: 12071: 12066:Wayback Machine 12054: 12050: 12040: 12038: 12003:The Round Table 11995: 11991: 11985:Wayback Machine 11970:Wayback Machine 11960: 11956: 11946: 11944: 11931: 11930: 11926: 11916: 11914: 11901: 11900: 11896: 11885: 11881: 11871: 11869: 11856: 11855: 11851: 11841: 11839: 11830: 11829: 11825: 11812: 11808: 11798: 11796: 11781: 11777: 11764: 11760: 11747: 11743: 11736: 11722: 11718: 11708: 11706: 11687: 11683: 11673: 11671: 11654: 11650: 11621: 11617: 11594: 11590: 11580: 11578: 11570: 11569: 11565: 11555: 11553: 11545: 11544: 11540: 11530: 11528: 11520: 11519: 11515: 11505: 11503: 11495: 11494: 11490: 11480: 11478: 11471:globaltaskforce 11465: 11464: 11460: 11450: 11448: 11435: 11434: 11430: 11420: 11418: 11409: 11408: 11404: 11397: 11383: 11379: 11366: 11357: 11344: 11337: 11315:The Round Table 11306: 11302: 11274:The Round Table 11269: 11265: 11237:The Round Table 11233: 11232: 11225: 11197:The Round Table 11189: 11182: 11169: 11168: 11161: 11151: 11149: 11136: 11135: 11131: 11121: 11119: 11104: 11103: 11099: 11089: 11087: 11074: 11073: 11069: 11059: 11057: 11048: 11047: 11043: 11033: 11031: 11030:on 9 March 2017 11027: 11016: 11012: 11011: 11007: 10997: 10995: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10962: 10948: 10944: 10934: 10932: 10928: 10917: 10913: 10912: 10908: 10898: 10896: 10887: 10886: 10882: 10874: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10858: 10850:Russell Ward, 10849: 10845: 10835: 10833: 10826: 10810: 10806: 10795: 10793: 10789: 10780: 10776: 10766: 10764: 10757: 10741: 10737: 10730: 10714: 10710: 10701: 10697: 10688: 10684: 10674: 10672: 10659: 10658: 10654: 10644: 10642: 10629: 10628: 10624: 10614: 10612: 10608: 10604:. 1 July 2013. 10597: 10593: 10592: 10588: 10578: 10576: 10563: 10562: 10558: 10548: 10546: 10542: 10531: 10527: 10526: 10522: 10512: 10510: 10502: 10498: 10497: 10493: 10483: 10481: 10472: 10471: 10467: 10457: 10455: 10438: 10434: 10424: 10422: 10413: 10412: 10408: 10398: 10396: 10381: 10374: 10364: 10362: 10347: 10343: 10333: 10331: 10316: 10309: 10299: 10297: 10282: 10278: 10268: 10266: 10253: 10252: 10248: 10238: 10236: 10235:on 13 June 2006 10232: 10221: 10217: 10216: 10212: 10202: 10200: 10187: 10186: 10182: 10176:The Round Table 10173: 10169: 10159: 10157: 10148: 10147: 10143: 10133: 10131: 10127: 10112: 10108: 10107: 10103: 10093: 10091: 10084: 10068: 10064: 10054: 10052: 10044: 10043: 10039: 10029: 10027: 10012: 10008: 9998: 9996: 9983: 9982: 9978: 9968: 9966: 9957: 9956: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9928: 9927: 9923: 9918:on 5 July 2008. 9910: 9909: 9905: 9895: 9893: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9848: 9844: 9834: 9832: 9817: 9813: 9803: 9801: 9786: 9782: 9772: 9770: 9761: 9760: 9756: 9746: 9744: 9731: 9730: 9726: 9716: 9714: 9701: 9700: 9693: 9672:(355): 311–55. 9665:The Round Table 9657: 9653: 9643: 9641: 9632: 9631: 9627: 9617: 9615: 9606: 9605: 9594: 9584: 9582: 9577:. 22 May 2018. 9569: 9568: 9564: 9536:The Round Table 9532: 9531: 9527: 9506:(364): 131–59. 9499:The Round Table 9491: 9484: 9456:The Round Table 9451: 9447: 9426:(375): 311–42. 9419:The Round Table 9411: 9407: 9379:The Round Table 9371: 9367: 9339:The Round Table 9331: 9327: 9307:The Round Table 9299: 9295: 9272:(375): 343–53. 9265:The Round Table 9256: 9252: 9242: 9240: 9239:on 2 March 2013 9227: 9226: 9222: 9212: 9210: 9201: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9175: 9174: 9170: 9160: 9158: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9136: 9125: 9121: 9120: 9113: 9100: 9099: 9092: 9064:The Round Table 9059: 9055: 9038: 9037: 9033: 9023: 9021: 9012: 9011: 9004: 8994: 8992: 8983: 8982: 8975: 8965: 8963: 8944: 8937: 8927: 8925: 8912: 8911: 8907: 8897: 8895: 8882: 8881: 8877: 8867: 8865: 8852: 8851: 8847: 8837: 8835: 8822: 8821: 8817: 8807: 8805: 8792: 8791: 8787: 8766:(395): 273–85. 8751: 8747: 8737: 8735: 8716: 8715: 8711: 8701: 8699: 8686: 8685: 8681: 8671: 8669: 8650: 8649: 8645: 8639:Ross Dependency 8624: 8620: 8610: 8608: 8604: 8597: 8593: 8592: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8558: 8557: 8553: 8543: 8541: 8524: 8520: 8510: 8508: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8480: 8478: 8477:on 22 July 2007 8474: 8467: 8461: 8454: 8444: 8442: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8414: 8412: 8399: 8398: 8394: 8366:The Round Table 8361: 8357: 8347: 8345: 8332: 8331: 8324: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8222: 8220: 8213: 8207: 8203: 8193: 8191: 8185: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8150:Wayback Machine 8141: 8137: 8125: 8121: 8111: 8109: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8061: 8057: 8047: 8045: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8000: 7996: 7995: 7991: 7979: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7963: 7947: 7943: 7920:10.2307/2009593 7902: 7898: 7875:10.2307/2195461 7857: 7853: 7828: 7824: 7809: 7793: 7789: 7774: 7758: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7734: 7733: 7729: 7719: 7717: 7709: 7708: 7704: 7669: 7665: 7656: 7649: 7639: 7637: 7624: 7623: 7619: 7609: 7607: 7594: 7593: 7589: 7579: 7577: 7564: 7563: 7559: 7549: 7547: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7503: 7502: 7498: 7488: 7486: 7468: 7459: 7449: 7447: 7437: 7433: 7423: 7421: 7408: 7407: 7403: 7393: 7391: 7382: 7381: 7377: 7367: 7365: 7350: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7314: 7307: 7295: 7294: 7287: 7280: 7264: 7260: 7250: 7248: 7233: 7229: 7208: 7204: 7195: 7191: 7182: 7178: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7141: 7139: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7111:on 11 July 2012 7093: 7089: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7037: 7033: 7023: 7021: 7004: 7003: 6999: 6989: 6987: 6974: 6973: 6969: 6959: 6957: 6944: 6943: 6939: 6926: 6924: 6917: 6896: 6892: 6877: 6863: 6859: 6780: 6776: 6766: 6764: 6747: 6743: 6734: 6730: 6721: 6717: 6708: 6704: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6666: 6665: 6661: 6651: 6649: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6626: 6624: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6602:Wayback Machine 6592: 6588: 6581: 6567: 6563: 6553: 6551: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6489: 6487: 6472: 6468: 6461: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6435: 6421:Pakenham, Frank 6418: 6414: 6401: 6397: 6389:F.S. Crafford, 6388: 6384: 6374: 6372: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6310: 6306: 6268:The Round Table 6259: 6255: 6245: 6243: 6242:on 19 June 2010 6230: 6229: 6225: 6220:Liberal History 6218: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6175: 6173: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6149: 6147: 6142:. 21 May 2019. 6134: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5996:on 19 June 2010 5988: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5892: 5891: 5882: 5868: 5866: 5865:on 6 March 2019 5857: 5856: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5807:La Francophonie 5767: 5762: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5743: 5730: 5713: 5688: 5660:good governance 5650:democracy. The 5589: 5569:The Round Table 5537:, and novelist 5507:Nadine Gordimer 5387:Olive Schreiner 5377:Olive Schreiner 5327: 5313: 5214: 5206:Remembrance Day 5193: 5191:British culture 5187: 5162: 5156: 5144: 5138: 5090: 5084: 4992: 4986: 4958: 4952: 4923: 4906: 4871: 4865: 4857:Canadian Ensign 4853:Maple Leaf flag 4851:. In 1964, the 4821: 4808: 4759: 4757: 4716: 4714: 4683: 4681: 4650: 4648: 4617: 4615: 4584: 4582: 4551: 4549: 4518: 4516: 4485: 4483: 4452: 4450: 4419: 4417: 4386: 4384: 4353: 4351: 4327:Solomon Islands 4320: 4318: 4287: 4285: 4254: 4252: 4221: 4219: 4188: 4186: 4155: 4153: 4122: 4120: 4089: 4087: 4056: 4054: 4023: 4021: 3990: 3988: 3957: 3955: 3924: 3922: 3891: 3889: 3858: 3856: 3825: 3823: 3792: 3790: 3759: 3757: 3726: 3724: 3693: 3691: 3660: 3658: 3627: 3625: 3594: 3592: 3561: 3559: 3528: 3526: 3495: 3493: 3462: 3460: 3429: 3427: 3396: 3394: 3363: 3361: 3330: 3328: 3297: 3295: 3264: 3262: 3231: 3229: 3198: 3196: 3165: 3163: 3132: 3130: 3099: 3097: 3066: 3064: 3033: 3031: 3000: 2998: 2978: 2966: 2965: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2915:Malcolm Rifkind 2911:forced marriage 2888: 2847:; promotion of 2837: 2832: 2753:Mohamed Nasheed 2731:British monarch 2723: 2713: 2669:sporting events 2665:Kamalesh Sharma 2646:in 1987, after 2576: 2570: 2470: 2464: 2451: 2445: 2394: 2388: 2278:racial equality 2254: 2248: 2234: 2220:), as well the 2161: 2110: 2047: 2039:Main articles: 2026:high commission 2018: 1994:Kamalesh Sharma 1948: 1942: 1894:prime ministers 1888:(CHOGM), where 1882: 1876: 1801: 1795: 1790: 1728: 1689: 1616: 1610: 1569:Somali Republic 1522: 1515: 1487: 1461: 1402: 1355:South Australia 1283: 1275:Main articles: 1273: 1268: 1127: 1122: 1121: 1109: 1099: 1084: 1065: 1060: 1051: 1048: 1043: 1033: 1028: 1003: 1000:Chair-in-Office 998: 986: 981: 969: 950: 939: 937: 926: 924: 912: 910: 909: 898: 896: 885: 883: 871: 869: 868: 857: 855: 844: 842: 831: 829: 817: 815: 814: 802: 800: 799: 794:Solomon Islands 787: 785: 784: 773: 771: 759: 757: 756: 745: 743: 732: 730: 718: 716: 715: 703: 701: 700: 688: 686: 685: 674: 672: 660: 658: 657: 646: 644: 633: 631: 619: 617: 616: 605: 603: 592: 590: 579: 577: 566: 564: 553: 551: 540: 538: 527: 525: 514: 512: 501: 499: 488: 486: 475: 473: 462: 460: 449: 447: 436: 434: 423: 421: 410: 408: 397: 395: 384: 382: 371: 369: 358: 356: 345: 343: 332: 330: 319: 317: 306: 304: 293: 291: 280: 278: 267: 265: 254: 252: 241: 239: 228: 226: 215: 213: 200: 198: 196: 193: 192: 143: 142: 137: 130: 128: 121: 119: 112: 110: 103: 91: 90: 89: 86: 78: 77: 72: 59: 58: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16142: 16132: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16074: 16073: 16068: 16067: 16054: 16051: 16050: 16048: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15987: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15934: 15929: 15924: 15919: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15888: 15886: 15882: 15881: 15879: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15847: 15845: 15841: 15840: 15832: 15831: 15824: 15817: 15809: 15800: 15799: 15796: 15795: 15793: 15792: 15787: 15782: 15776: 15774: 15763: 15762: 15760: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15747:United Nations 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15698: 15696: 15686: 15670: 15669: 15654: 15653: 15646: 15639: 15631: 15622: 15621: 15619: 15618: 15608: 15598: 15592: 15586: 15583: 15582: 15579: 15578: 15576: 15575: 15572: 15565: 15555: 15552: 15551: 15549: 15548: 15540: 15532: 15519: 15506: 15498: 15490: 15482: 15473: 15470: 15469: 15459: 15458: 15455: 15454: 15452: 15451: 15444: 15433: 15430: 15429: 15427: 15426: 15418: 15410: 15404: 15398: 15395:Willoughbyland 15392: 15385: 15382: 15381: 15371: 15370: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15363: 15353: 15347: 15340: 15337: 15336: 15332: 15331: 15329: 15328: 15322: 15316: 15309: 15302: 15296: 15289: 15287: 15285: 15284: 15277: 15271: 15265: 15255: 15249: 15243: 15237: 15231: 15225: 15219: 15211: 15205: 15195: 15189: 15183: 15177: 15167: 15160: 15157: 15156: 15153: 15147: 15144: 15143: 15138: 15137: 15130: 15123: 15115: 15108: 15107: 15104: 15103: 15101: 15100: 15094: 15088: 15087: 15086: 15074: 15068: 15062: 15058:Virgin Islands 15054: 15048: 15040: 15034: 15028: 15025:South Carolina 15022: 15016: 15009: 15002: 14995: 14989: 14983: 14977: 14971: 14961: 14955: 14949: 14943: 14937: 14931: 14925: 14922:North Carolina 14919: 14913: 14907: 14901: 14895: 14889: 14883: 14877: 14871: 14865: 14859: 14856:Mosquito Coast 14853: 14845: 14839: 14838: 14837: 14825: 14819: 14812: 14806: 14800: 14794: 14788: 14785:Oregon Country 14778: 14774:Cayman Islands 14770: 14764: 14763: 14762: 14756: 14750: 14744: 14732: 14725: 14719: 14713: 14707: 14706: 14705: 14694: 14688: 14680: 14673: 14667: 14661: 14654: 14647: 14640: 14631: 14628: 14627: 14617: 14616: 14613: 14612: 14610: 14609: 14603: 14594: 14579: 14576: 14575: 14573: 14572: 14566: 14563:Trucial States 14560: 14554: 14548: 14542: 14536: 14535: 14534: 14522: 14516: 14510: 14504: 14498: 14497: 14496: 14484: 14478: 14472: 14466: 14460: 14459: 14458: 14452: 14446: 14440: 14428: 14422: 14416: 14410: 14404: 14398: 14392: 14386: 14380: 14374: 14358: 14352: 14346: 14340: 14330: 14324: 14323: 14322: 14310: 14303: 14300: 14299: 14289: 14288: 14285: 14284: 14282: 14281: 14275: 14256:Self-governing 14253: 14239: 14232: 14229: 14228: 14226: 14225: 14219: 14213: 14207: 14199: 14193: 14187: 14181: 14175: 14169: 14163: 14157: 14151: 14145: 14139: 14133: 14125: 14119: 14113: 14107: 14101: 14095: 14089: 14083: 14077: 14071: 14065: 14059: 14049: 14043: 14037: 14031: 14028:Central Africa 14025: 14019: 14013: 14007: 13997: 13987: 13978: 13975: 13974: 13964: 13963: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13956: 13950: 13949: 13948: 13942: 13933: 13932: 13931: 13916: 13913:Ionian Islands 13910: 13904: 13896: 13890: 13884: 13871: 13868: 13867: 13857: 13856: 13854: 13853: 13847: 13841: 13836: 13833: 13827: 13824: 13823: 13816:British Empire 13811: 13810: 13803: 13796: 13788: 13779: 13778: 13776: 13775: 13769: 13763: 13757: 13751: 13745: 13739: 13733: 13727: 13721: 13715: 13709: 13703: 13696: 13693: 13692: 13684: 13683: 13676: 13669: 13661: 13655: 13652: 13651: 13639: 13638: 13632: 13629: 13628: 13625: 13624: 13622: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13569:Cayman Islands 13566: 13561: 13556: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13533: 13531: 13529:United Kingdom 13525: 13524: 13522: 13521: 13516: 13508: 13506: 13500: 13499: 13497: 13496: 13494:Norfolk Island 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13464: 13458: 13456: 13447: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13437: 13432: 13426: 13424: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13402:United Kingdom 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13133: 13131: 13123: 13122: 13111: 13110: 13103: 13096: 13088: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13063:Extreme points 13059: 13057: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12978: 12976: 12972: 12971: 12969: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12937: 12935: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12805: 12803: 12797: 12796: 12794: 12793: 12788: 12778: 12772: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12735: 12730: 12719: 12717: 12713: 12712: 12710: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12697:British Empire 12693: 12691: 12687: 12686: 12678: 12677: 12670: 12663: 12655: 12649: 12648: 12643: 12636: 12635:External links 12633: 12631: 12630: 12619:(1963), 804pp 12613: 12602:(1963), 908pp 12596: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12568: 12551: 12544: 12531:Wheare, K. C. 12529: 12522: 12508: 12501: 12487: 12472: 12451: 12434: 12417: 12410: 12395: 12388: 12381: 12380:(Brill, 2007). 12376:Lloyd, Lorna. 12374: 12356: 12349: 12342: 12335: 12328: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12312: 12311: 12287: 12263: 12233: 12203: 12172: 12141: 12119: 12107: 12088: 12069: 12048: 12009:(388): 57–70. 11989: 11954: 11924: 11907:Nobelprize.org 11894: 11879: 11849: 11823: 11806: 11775: 11772:. p. B15. 11758: 11741: 11734: 11716: 11681: 11648: 11615: 11604:(2): 145–155. 11588: 11563: 11538: 11513: 11488: 11458: 11428: 11402: 11395: 11377: 11355: 11335: 11300: 11263: 11223: 11204:(394): 19–28. 11180: 11159: 11129: 11097: 11067: 11041: 11005: 10975: 10960: 10942: 10906: 10880: 10856: 10843: 10824: 10804: 10787: 10774: 10755: 10735: 10728: 10708: 10695: 10682: 10652: 10622: 10586: 10556: 10520: 10491: 10465: 10432: 10406: 10372: 10341: 10307: 10276: 10246: 10210: 10180: 10167: 10141: 10101: 10082: 10062: 10037: 10006: 9976: 9947: 9921: 9903: 9873: 9842: 9811: 9780: 9754: 9724: 9691: 9651: 9625: 9592: 9562: 9525: 9482: 9445: 9405: 9386:(353): 45–57. 9365: 9325: 9293: 9250: 9220: 9194: 9168: 9142: 9111: 9090: 9053: 9031: 9002: 8973: 8935: 8905: 8875: 8845: 8815: 8785: 8745: 8709: 8679: 8643: 8641:(New Zealand). 8618: 8583: 8551: 8518: 8488: 8452: 8422: 8392: 8355: 8322: 8301:(3): 351–354. 8287:de Smith, S.A. 8278: 8252: 8230: 8201: 8179: 8154: 8135: 8133:, July 4, 2007 8119: 8089: 8075: 8055: 8025: 7989: 7961: 7941: 7907:World Politics 7896: 7869:(3): 455–468. 7851: 7822: 7807: 7787: 7772: 7752: 7727: 7702: 7663: 7661:(1978) part 3. 7647: 7617: 7587: 7557: 7526: 7496: 7457: 7431: 7401: 7375: 7341: 7305: 7285: 7278: 7258: 7227: 7202: 7189: 7176: 7169: 7149: 7122: 7087: 7060: 7054: 7031: 6997: 6967: 6937: 6915: 6890: 6875: 6857: 6830:(2): 277–285. 6774: 6741: 6728: 6715: 6702: 6689: 6659: 6634: 6609: 6586: 6579: 6561: 6550:on 22 May 2011 6527: 6497: 6480:heritage.nf.ca 6466: 6459: 6440: 6433: 6412: 6395: 6382: 6352: 6304: 6253: 6223: 6212: 6183: 6157: 6127: 6120: 6102: 6091:on 6 July 2010 6076: 6037: 6007: 5981: 5964:news.bbc.co.uk 5951: 5915: 5880: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5810: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5784: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5758: 5742: 5739: 5729: 5726: 5712: 5709: 5707:celebrations. 5687: 5684: 5670:, modelled on 5626:, New Zealand. 5616:jubilee beacon 5614:Lighting of a 5588: 5585: 5459:Salman Rushdie 5366:British Empire 5312: 5309: 5279:, hosting the 5213: 5210: 5186: 5183: 5158:Main article: 5155: 5152: 5140:Main article: 5137: 5134: 5115:war cemeteries 5086:Main article: 5083: 5080: 4988:Main article: 4985: 4982: 4954:Main article: 4951: 4948: 4919:Main article: 4905: 4902: 4891:European Union 4881:Following its 4864: 4861: 4820: 4817: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4754: 4753: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4624:United Kingdom 4612: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4447: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4249: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4150: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3688: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3589: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3506:1,407,563,842 3504: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3325: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3127: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3061: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 2995: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2962: 2952: 2951: 2944: 2941: 2933: 2930: 2887: 2884: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2810:, such as the 2712: 2709: 2689:Stephen Harper 2648:military coups 2572:Main article: 2569: 2566: 2463: 2460: 2447:Main article: 2444: 2441: 2390:Main article: 2387: 2384: 2274:decolonisation 2266:King George VI 2250:Main article: 2247: 2244: 2233: 2230: 2196:soldiers from 2160: 2157: 2109: 2106: 2017: 2014: 1944:Main article: 1941: 1938: 1878:Main article: 1875: 1872: 1838:as head after 1832:Prince Charles 1797:Main article: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1727: 1724: 1693:European Union 1688: 1685: 1612:Main article: 1609: 1606: 1514: 1511: 1483:Main article: 1477:imperial India 1460: 1457: 1440:respectively. 1430:tenth province 1401: 1398: 1390:British Empire 1307:Mackenzie King 1277:British Empire 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1236:United Kingdom 1178:decolonisation 1155:British Empire 1129: 1128: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1108:• Density 1107: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1004: 996: 993: 992: 987: 979: 976: 975: 970: 964: 961: 960: 957: 956: 952: 951: 949: 948: 935: 922: 919:United Kingdom 907: 894: 881: 866: 853: 840: 827: 812: 797: 782: 769: 754: 741: 728: 713: 698: 683: 670: 655: 642: 629: 614: 601: 588: 575: 562: 549: 536: 523: 510: 497: 484: 471: 458: 445: 432: 419: 406: 393: 380: 367: 354: 341: 328: 315: 302: 289: 276: 263: 250: 237: 224: 211: 188: 187: 186: 184: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 166: 160: 159: 149: 145: 144: 129: 120: 111: 102: 101: 93: 92: 87: 80: 79: 73: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 54: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16141: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16086: 16084: 16065: 16061: 16057: 16052: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16035:Weightlifting 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15927:Cross Country 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15889: 15887: 15883: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15848: 15846: 15842: 15837: 15830: 15825: 15823: 15818: 15816: 15811: 15810: 15807: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15777: 15775: 15771: 15764: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15699: 15697: 15695: 15692:Non-cultural 15690: 15687: 15683: 15677: 15676:organizations 15671: 15665: 15659: 15652: 15647: 15645: 15640: 15638: 15633: 15632: 15629: 15617: 15613: 15609: 15607: 15599: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15587: 15584: 15573: 15570: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15557: 15556: 15553: 15546: 15545: 15541: 15538: 15537: 15533: 15528: 15523: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15507: 15504: 15503: 15499: 15496: 15495: 15491: 15488: 15487: 15483: 15480: 15479: 15475: 15474: 15471: 15464: 15460: 15449: 15448:Falklands War 15445: 15443: 15439: 15435: 15434: 15431: 15424: 15423: 15419: 15416: 15415: 15411: 15408: 15405: 15402: 15399: 15396: 15393: 15390: 15387: 15386: 15383: 15379:South America 15376: 15372: 15362: 15358: 15354: 15352: 15348: 15346: 15342: 15341: 15338: 15326: 15323: 15320: 15317: 15314: 15310: 15307: 15303: 15300: 15297: 15294: 15291: 15290: 15288: 15282: 15278: 15275: 15272: 15269: 15268:Union Islands 15266: 15263: 15259: 15256: 15253: 15250: 15247: 15244: 15241: 15238: 15235: 15232: 15229: 15226: 15223: 15220: 15217: 15216: 15212: 15209: 15206: 15203: 15199: 15196: 15193: 15190: 15187: 15184: 15181: 15178: 15175: 15171: 15168: 15165: 15162: 15161: 15159: 15158: 15154: 15151: 15150: 15145: 15136: 15131: 15129: 15124: 15122: 15117: 15116: 15113: 15109: 15098: 15095: 15092: 15089: 15084: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15072: 15069: 15066: 15063: 15060: 15059: 15055: 15052: 15049: 15046: 15045: 15041: 15038: 15035: 15032: 15029: 15026: 15023: 15020: 15017: 15014: 15010: 15007: 15003: 15000: 14996: 14993: 14990: 14987: 14984: 14981: 14980:Rupert's Land 14978: 14975: 14972: 14969: 14965: 14962: 14959: 14956: 14953: 14950: 14947: 14944: 14941: 14940:Paulet affair 14938: 14935: 14932: 14929: 14926: 14923: 14920: 14917: 14914: 14911: 14908: 14905: 14902: 14899: 14896: 14893: 14890: 14887: 14886:New Hampshire 14884: 14881: 14878: 14875: 14874:New Brunswick 14872: 14869: 14866: 14863: 14860: 14857: 14854: 14851: 14850: 14846: 14843: 14840: 14835: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14823: 14820: 14817: 14813: 14810: 14807: 14804: 14801: 14798: 14795: 14792: 14789: 14786: 14782: 14779: 14776: 14775: 14771: 14768: 14765: 14760: 14757: 14754: 14751: 14748: 14745: 14742: 14739: 14738: 14737: 14733: 14730: 14726: 14723: 14720: 14717: 14714: 14711: 14708: 14704: 14701: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14692: 14689: 14686: 14685: 14681: 14678: 14674: 14671: 14668: 14665: 14662: 14659: 14655: 14652: 14648: 14645: 14641: 14638: 14637: 14633: 14632: 14629: 14625:North America 14622: 14618: 14608: 14604: 14602: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14589: 14585: 14581: 14580: 14577: 14570: 14567: 14564: 14561: 14558: 14555: 14552: 14549: 14546: 14545:South Vietnam 14543: 14540: 14537: 14532: 14529: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14520: 14517: 14514: 14511: 14508: 14505: 14502: 14499: 14494: 14491: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14482: 14479: 14476: 14473: 14470: 14467: 14464: 14461: 14456: 14453: 14450: 14447: 14444: 14441: 14438: 14435: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14426: 14423: 14420: 14417: 14414: 14411: 14408: 14405: 14402: 14399: 14396: 14393: 14390: 14387: 14384: 14381: 14378: 14375: 14372: 14368: 14364: 14363: 14359: 14356: 14353: 14350: 14347: 14344: 14341: 14338: 14334: 14331: 14328: 14325: 14320: 14317: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14308: 14305: 14304: 14301: 14294: 14290: 14280: 14276: 14273: 14269: 14265: 14261: 14257: 14254: 14251: 14247: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14234: 14233: 14230: 14223: 14220: 14217: 14214: 14211: 14208: 14205: 14204: 14200: 14197: 14194: 14191: 14188: 14185: 14182: 14179: 14176: 14173: 14170: 14167: 14164: 14161: 14158: 14155: 14152: 14149: 14146: 14143: 14140: 14137: 14134: 14131: 14130: 14126: 14123: 14120: 14117: 14114: 14111: 14108: 14105: 14102: 14099: 14096: 14093: 14090: 14087: 14084: 14081: 14078: 14075: 14072: 14069: 14066: 14063: 14060: 14057: 14053: 14050: 14047: 14044: 14041: 14038: 14035: 14032: 14029: 14026: 14023: 14020: 14017: 14014: 14011: 14008: 14005: 14001: 13998: 13995: 13991: 13988: 13985: 13984: 13980: 13979: 13976: 13969: 13965: 13954: 13951: 13946: 13943: 13940: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13929: 13926: 13925: 13920: 13917: 13914: 13911: 13908: 13905: 13902: 13901: 13897: 13894: 13891: 13888: 13885: 13882: 13878: 13877: 13873: 13872: 13869: 13862: 13858: 13852: 13848: 13846: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13834: 13829: 13828: 13825: 13821: 13817: 13809: 13804: 13802: 13797: 13795: 13790: 13789: 13786: 13773: 13770: 13767: 13764: 13761: 13758: 13755: 13752: 13749: 13746: 13743: 13740: 13737: 13734: 13731: 13728: 13725: 13722: 13719: 13716: 13713: 13710: 13707: 13704: 13701: 13698: 13697: 13694: 13690: 13682: 13677: 13675: 13670: 13668: 13663: 13662: 13659: 13653: 13646: 13636: 13630: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13554: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13526: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13514: 13510: 13509: 13507: 13505: 13501: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13469: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13459: 13457: 13455: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13442: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13427: 13425: 13423: 13419: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13134: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13120: 13116: 13109: 13104: 13102: 13097: 13095: 13090: 13089: 13086: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13056: 13052: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13024: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12979: 12977: 12973: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12938: 12936: 12934: 12930: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12806: 12804: 12802: 12798: 12792: 12789: 12786: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12769: 12765: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12743: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12728: 12724: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12714: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12702:Key documents 12700: 12698: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12688: 12683: 12676: 12671: 12669: 12664: 12662: 12657: 12656: 12653: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12638: 12629: 12625: 12622: 12618: 12614: 12612: 12608: 12605: 12601: 12597: 12594: 12590: 12587: 12583: 12578: 12577: 12567: 12563: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12549: 12545: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12527: 12523: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12509: 12506: 12502: 12500: 12496: 12492: 12488: 12485: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12458: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12446: 12443: 12439: 12435: 12433: 12429: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12415: 12411: 12408: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12393: 12389: 12386: 12382: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12360:Jebb, Richard 12357: 12354: 12350: 12347: 12343: 12340: 12336: 12333: 12329: 12326: 12322: 12321: 12307: 12303: 12302: 12297: 12291: 12283: 12279: 12278: 12273: 12267: 12251: 12247: 12243: 12237: 12221: 12217: 12213: 12207: 12191: 12187: 12183: 12176: 12160: 12156: 12152: 12145: 12139: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12123: 12116: 12111: 12095: 12091: 12085: 12081: 12080: 12073: 12067: 12063: 12060: 12057: 12052: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12024: 12020: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12004: 12000: 11993: 11986: 11982: 11979: 11978:J. M. Coetzee 11975: 11974:Hilary Mantel 11971: 11967: 11964: 11963:J. G. Farrell 11958: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11928: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11898: 11890: 11883: 11867: 11863: 11859: 11853: 11837: 11833: 11827: 11819: 11818: 11810: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11779: 11771: 11770: 11762: 11755:. p. 21. 11754: 11753: 11745: 11737: 11735:9781849545464 11731: 11727: 11720: 11704: 11700: 11699: 11693: 11685: 11669: 11665: 11664: 11659: 11652: 11643: 11638: 11634: 11630: 11626: 11619: 11611: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11592: 11577: 11576:RSL Australia 11573: 11567: 11552: 11548: 11547:"Remembrance" 11542: 11527: 11523: 11517: 11502: 11498: 11492: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11462: 11446: 11442: 11438: 11432: 11416: 11412: 11406: 11398: 11392: 11388: 11381: 11373: 11372: 11364: 11362: 11360: 11352:. p. 29. 11351: 11350: 11342: 11340: 11330: 11325: 11321: 11317: 11316: 11311: 11304: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11275: 11267: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11238: 11230: 11228: 11219: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11198: 11193: 11192:McKinnon, Don 11187: 11185: 11176: 11172: 11166: 11164: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11133: 11117: 11113: 11112: 11107: 11101: 11085: 11081: 11077: 11071: 11056:on 3 May 2012 11055: 11051: 11045: 11026: 11022: 11015: 11009: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10979: 10971: 10967: 10963: 10957: 10953: 10946: 10927: 10923: 10916: 10910: 10894: 10890: 10884: 10873: 10866: 10860: 10853: 10847: 10831: 10827: 10821: 10817: 10816: 10808: 10801: 10791: 10784: 10778: 10762: 10758: 10752: 10748: 10747: 10739: 10731: 10725: 10721: 10720: 10712: 10705: 10699: 10692: 10686: 10670: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10640: 10636: 10632: 10626: 10607: 10603: 10596: 10590: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10560: 10541: 10537: 10530: 10524: 10508: 10501: 10495: 10479: 10475: 10469: 10453: 10449: 10448: 10443: 10436: 10420: 10416: 10410: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10379: 10377: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10345: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10314: 10312: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10280: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10250: 10231: 10227: 10220: 10214: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10177: 10171: 10155: 10151: 10145: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10111: 10105: 10089: 10085: 10079: 10075: 10074: 10066: 10051: 10047: 10041: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10010: 9994: 9990: 9986: 9980: 9964: 9960: 9954: 9952: 9935: 9931: 9925: 9917: 9913: 9907: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9877: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9846: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9815: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9784: 9768: 9764: 9758: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9728: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9698: 9696: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9666: 9661: 9660:Ingram, Derek 9655: 9639: 9635: 9629: 9613: 9609: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9566: 9558: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9537: 9529: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9500: 9495: 9494:Ingram, Derek 9489: 9487: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9463:(394): 3–17. 9462: 9458: 9457: 9449: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9414:Ingram, Derek 9409: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9380: 9375: 9374:Ingram, Derek 9369: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9340: 9335: 9334:Ingram, Derek 9329: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9302:Ingram, Derek 9297: 9289: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9254: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9224: 9208: 9204: 9198: 9182: 9178: 9172: 9156: 9152: 9146: 9135: 9131: 9124: 9118: 9116: 9107: 9103: 9097: 9095: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9065: 9057: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9019: 9015: 9009: 9007: 8990: 8986: 8980: 8978: 8961: 8957: 8956: 8950: 8942: 8940: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8909: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8879: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8849: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8819: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8789: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8755: 8749: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8719: 8713: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8683: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8658: 8653: 8647: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8622: 8603: 8596: 8590: 8588: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8565:The New Times 8561: 8555: 8539: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8522: 8506: 8502: 8498: 8492: 8473: 8466: 8459: 8457: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8426: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8396: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8367: 8359: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8329: 8327: 8318: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8289:(July 1949). 8288: 8282: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8240: 8234: 8219: 8218:UK Parliament 8212: 8205: 8190: 8183: 8168: 8164: 8158: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8139: 8132: 8128: 8123: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8078: 8072: 8068: 8067: 8059: 8043: 8039: 8036:. Australia: 8035: 8029: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7993: 7986: 7978: 7971: 7965: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7945: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7914:(4): 577–87. 7913: 7909: 7908: 7900: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7863: 7855: 7847: 7843: 7840:(3): 451–73. 7839: 7835: 7834: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7808:9781928331124 7804: 7800: 7799: 7791: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7773:9781928331124 7769: 7765: 7764: 7756: 7741: 7737: 7736:"Immigration" 7731: 7716: 7712: 7706: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7683:(1): 93–122. 7682: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7660: 7654: 7652: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7591: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7561: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7530: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7500: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7446: 7442: 7435: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7405: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7363: 7359: 7358:The Telegraph 7355: 7348: 7346: 7329: 7325: 7324: 7319: 7312: 7310: 7301: 7300: 7299:The New Times 7292: 7290: 7281: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7262: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7231: 7223: 7219: 7218:The Telegraph 7214: 7206: 7199: 7193: 7186: 7180: 7172: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7153: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7091: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7051: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7035: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7001: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6971: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6941: 6934: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6894: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6872: 6868: 6861: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6778: 6762: 6758: 6757: 6756:The Telegraph 6752: 6745: 6738: 6732: 6725: 6719: 6712: 6706: 6699: 6693: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6663: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6590: 6582: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6540:parliament.nz 6537: 6531: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6470: 6462: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6444: 6436: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6416: 6409: 6405: 6399: 6393:(2005) p. 142 6392: 6386: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6257: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6216: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6187: 6171: 6167: 6161: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6131: 6123: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6090: 6086: 6080: 6073: 6072: 6054: 6047: 6041: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6011: 5995: 5991: 5985: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5877: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5833: 5829: 5818: 5814: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5759: 5756: 5750: 5745: 5738: 5736: 5725: 5723: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5648:parliamentary 5645: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5612: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5552: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5531:Patrick White 5528: 5524: 5523:Derek Walcott 5520: 5516: 5512: 5511:J. M. Coetzee 5508: 5504: 5500: 5499:Chinua Achebe 5497: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5479:V. S. Naipaul 5476: 5475: 5470: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5445:Doris Lessing 5442: 5441: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5418:Graham Greene 5415: 5414:R. K. Narayan 5411: 5407: 5406: 5401: 5398: 5397:New Zealander 5394: 5393: 5388: 5385: 5378: 5373: 5369: 5367: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5331: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5308: 5306: 5301: 5298: 5293: 5290: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5192: 5182: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5118: 5116: 5111: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5026:were held in 5025: 5021: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4957: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4927: 4922: 4915: 4910: 4901: 4899: 4894: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4860: 4858: 4855:replaced the 4854: 4850: 4846: 4841: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4814: 4813:British India 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4755: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4728:2,418,964,000 4726: 4724: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4679: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4514: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4448: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4415: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4283: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4250: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4118: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4052: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3755: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3656: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3359: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3008: 2996: 2982: 2961: 2960:Member states 2957: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2907:homosexuality 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2883: 2881: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2863:of 1979, and 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2718: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2697:David Cameron 2694: 2693:Deepak Obhrai 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2633:Robert Mugabe 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2617:military coup 2614: 2610: 2609:Ken Saro-Wiwa 2606: 2599: 2598:Robert Mugabe 2595: 2591: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2565: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2490:newly elected 2487: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2469: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2238: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2165: 2156: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2134:supreme court 2131: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2006:Emeka Anyaoku 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1881: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774:Robert Dussey 1771: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1684: 1682: 1677: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1615: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1578: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545:protectorates 1542: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1520: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1486: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1347:Lord Rosebery 1343: 1339: 1335: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1171:organisations 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1102:2,418,964,000 1101: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1068:28 April 1949 1067: 1063: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1024: 1020: 1017:Establishment 1015: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1001: 994: 991: 988: 984: 977: 974: 971: 968: 962: 958: 953: 947: 936: 934: 923: 920: 908: 906: 895: 893: 882: 879: 867: 865: 854: 852: 841: 839: 828: 825: 813: 810: 798: 795: 783: 781: 770: 767: 755: 753: 742: 740: 729: 726: 714: 711: 699: 696: 684: 682: 671: 668: 656: 654: 643: 641: 630: 627: 615: 613: 602: 600: 589: 587: 576: 574: 563: 561: 550: 548: 537: 535: 524: 522: 511: 509: 498: 496: 485: 483: 472: 470: 459: 457: 446: 444: 433: 431: 420: 418: 407: 405: 394: 392: 381: 379: 368: 366: 355: 353: 342: 340: 329: 327: 316: 314: 303: 301: 290: 288: 277: 275: 264: 262: 251: 249: 238: 236: 225: 223: 212: 208: 195: 194: 191: 185: 183:Member states 181: 178: 175: 171: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 150: 146: 141: 136: 127: 118: 109: 99: 94: 84: 76: 70: 62: 57: 51: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 16015:Table Tennis 15986:Powerlifting 15977:Orienteering 15907:Bodybuilding 15836:Commonwealth 15835: 15779: 15559: 15542: 15534: 15500: 15492: 15484: 15478:Saint Helena 15476: 15420: 15412: 15262:Cook Islands 15213: 15186:New Hebrides 15155:20th century 15071:West Florida 15056: 15042: 14974:Rhode Island 14952:Pennsylvania 14910:Newfoundland 14847: 14772: 14722:East Florida 14693:16th c.–1880 14682: 14634: 14531:Crown Colony 14519:Pulo Condore 14493:Crown Colony 14487:North Borneo 14360: 14319:Protectorate 14268:unrecognised 14262:in 1965 (as 14201: 14154:South Africa 14142:Sierra Leone 14129:Saint Helena 14127: 14122:Orange River 14000:Bechuanaland 13981: 13939:Protectorate 13898: 13874: 13850: 13838: 13818:and Current 13688: 13551: 13511: 13466: 13430:Cook Islands 13362:South Africa 13347:Sierra Leone 13118: 13022: 12681: 12616: 12599: 12580: 12554: 12547: 12532: 12525: 12511: 12504: 12490: 12475: 12474:Moore, R.J. 12456: 12437: 12420: 12413: 12398: 12391: 12384: 12377: 12369: 12352: 12345: 12338: 12331: 12324: 12299: 12290: 12275: 12266: 12254:. 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