1271:
1280:
1262:
732:
35:
258:
917:
20:
1289:
560:
6559:
1058:
436:
835:
522:(1858–1879). The church, built on the ruins of an ancient Greek cathedral, was sponsored by Alexander II. Grimm, also a historian of Caucasian heritage, was picked by Maria Alexandrovna, most likely upon advice by Gagarin and Maria Nikolaevna. His cross-shaped structure used a complex succession of staggered simple shapes. Grimm restricted the use of curvilinear surfaces to the main dome only; apses and their roofing were polygonal – in line with
501:
1330:
5427:
4712:
1177:. Russian architects borrowed the Byzantine tradition of adorning flat wall surfaces with horizontal striped patterns. Usually, wide bands of dark red base brickwork were interleaved with narrow stripes of yellow of grey brick, slightly set back into the wall. Reverse (dark red stripes over grey background) was rare, usually associated with
3134:
981:. It was structurally completed in a single construction season (1906–1907); the whole project took less than two years (November 1905 – July 1907), an absolute record for the period. Kronstadt cathedral, also employing concrete, was structurally complete in four construction seasons (1903–1907) due to delays caused by the
2424:
1365:
cathedral (1867–1894), on the contrary, installed a massive tall belltower right above the main portal. Gibere deliberately placed the belltower unusually close to the main dome, so that at most viewing angles they blended in a single vertical shape. This layout was favored by the clergy but bitterly
1345:
should be substantially taller than the main dome. A lean, tall belltower ideally balanced the relatively flat main structure. As early as the 1830s, Konstantin Thon and his followers ran into the "belltower problem": the compact vertical shapes of Thon's Russo-Byzantine cathedrals did not blend well
537:
Despite the support of the royal family, the reign of
Alexander II did not produce many examples of the style: the economy, crippled by the Crimean War and further stressed by Alexander's reforms, was too weak to support mass construction. Once started, projects were delayed for decades. For example,
846:
The personal tastes of the last emperor were mosaic: he promoted 17th-century
Russian art in interior design and costume, yet displayed aversion to Russian Revival architecture. Nicholas or his Ministry of the Court did not demonstrate a lasting preference for any style; his last private commission,
410:
The cathedral of Saint
Vladimir became the first neo-Byzantine project approved by the Emperor (1852). The Crimean War, lack of funds (the cathedral was financed through private donations) and severe engineering errors delayed its completion until the 1880s. The first neo-Byzantine projects to be
1354:
cathedral). The same problem persisted in Neo-Byzantine designs, at least in the conventional tall structures inspired by Grimm's
Tbilisi cathedral. Grimm himself placed the bells in a fully detached, relatively low tower situated far behind the cathedral. However, the clergy clearly preferred
301:) called for general liberalization of building permit procedures, insisting on the architect's freedom to choose a style best fitting the building's functions and the client's preferences. As a result, by the end of the 1840s Russian civil architecture diversified into various revival styles (
1248:
Large Neo-Byzantine cathedrals erected in Russia followed either the single-dome or the five-dome plan. The single-dome plan was standardized by David Grimm and Vasily
Kosyakov, and used throughout the Empire with minimal changes. Five-dome architecture displayed greater variety as architects
614:
Nearly all of the 5,000 churches attributed to
Alexander III were financed through public donations. 100% state financing was reserved for a few palace churches directly catering to the royal family. The "military" churches built in military and naval bases were co-financed by the state, the
5501:
4866:
1168:. Byzantine and Russian revival architects radically departed from this rule; instead, they relied on exposing exterior brickwork. While exposed brickwork dominated the scene, it was not universal; exterior stucco remained in use, especially in the first decade of Alexander II's reign.
881:. These styles dominated the private construction market but failed to get a firm niche in official Orthodox Church projects. However, Art Nouveau ideas slowly infiltrated traditional Byzantine architecture. Its influence was obvious in the furnishings of traditional Byzantine churches (
2737:
1420:
lines", while the larger cathedral of
Annunciation remained standing. Most of remaining churches were closed, converted to warehouses, cinemas or offices, and left to rot without proper maintenance. Nevertheless, majority of Byzantine churches survived past the fall of the
1415:
Byzantine architecture, like
Russian Revival, had the least chance to survive the anti-religious campaign of the 1920s. Destruction peaked in 1930, targeting large downtown cathedrals with no apparent logic: Kharkov cathedral of Saint Nicholas was demolished "to streamline
6585:) "restored" to imitate Russian Revival by adding tented roofs. While major cathedrals have been restored, churches in depopulated rural settlements or in the military bases (i.e. church of Our Lady the Merciful in Saint Petersburg) remain in dilapidated conditions.
1394:(1899) and other towns and monasteries. Most of the Byzantine buildings, however, followed the middle road: the belltower was also set above the portal, but it was relatively low (on par with side domes or apses or even lower), and spaced aside from the main dome (
98:. Formed in the early 1830s as an entire direction, the Russian-Byzantine style was inextricably linked with the concept of nationality, expressing the idea of cultural self-sufficiency of Russia, as well as its political and religious continuity in relation to
5102:
4792:
2318:
785:
Alexander's indifference to
Byzantine architecture actually increased its appeal to private clients: the style was not reserved for the Church anymore. Elements of Byzantine art (rows of arches, two-tone striped masonry) were a common decoration of
1021:
became a new home to over a thousand construction workers and professionals from Russia. Russian immigration to
Yugoslavia, estimated at 40–70 thousands, was welcomed by the government as a quick replacement of professionals killed in World War I.
2354:
962:; their authors apparently dismissed the "golden rule" of single-dome designs established in the previous decades. Exact reasons for this change in style are unknown; in case of the Kronstadt cathedral it can be traced to direct intervention by
1270:
641:; Byzantine architecture was an acceptable "middle road". Byzantine-style architects of the previous reign formed a numerous school with loyal clients, including senior clergy. Paradoxically, the Byzantine school was concentrated in the
2528:
5715:
7007:
Bratislav Pantelić. Nationalism and Architecture: The Creation of a National Style in Serbian Architecture and Its Political Implications. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 56, No. 1 (March, 1997), pp.
546:
was approved in 1862, but actual work started only in 1873. The foundations, built before the war, were already in place yet construction dragged on slowly until 1888, literally consuming the architect's life. David Grimm's
985:. Other projects did not fare as well; Dorogomilovo cathedral in Moscow (1898–1910), designed to be the city's second largest, was plagued by money shortages and in the end consecrated in an incomplete, stripped-down form.
5892:
766:), which explains regional "clusters" of apparently similar churches. Architects usually followed the standard established by Kuzmin and Grimm, or the classical five-dome layout, with some notable exceptions.
1049:. A smaller, still extant Church of Protection, a single-dome structure designed in 1905 by Yury Zhdanov, was built in a single season in 1922. It has been Harbin's sole Orthodox place of worship since 1984.
102:. In a narrow sense, the Russian-Byzantine style referred as the style of Konstantin Thon, common in the second third of the 19th century, and post Thon style, that began in the 1850s and more similar to the
7174:
The original 18th-century church was destroyed by fire of 1879 and rebuilt in a mix of Neo-Byzantine and Russian Revival (i.e. a Byzantine dome, blended into an arcade, was crowned with a small onion dome).
1329:, 1885–1901) very small side domes were mechanically added to a basic single-dome floorplan. Basilica churches emerged in the last decade of the Empire; all examples were small parish churches like the
1181:
variety of churches built in Nicholas II period. The importance of colour pattern increased with building size: it was nearly universal in large cathedrals but unnecessary in small parish churches.
1127:
Russian architecture were ruled out; they remained exclusive features of Russian Revival architecture sponsored by Alexander III, and were considerably heavier and more expensive than domes of the same
1093:
Byzantine revival architecture, unlike contemporary revival styles, was easily identifiable by a rigid set of decorative tools. Some examples of the style deviated into Caucasian, neoclassical and
497:, who extended Kuzmin's flattened structure vertically. Although Grimm's design remained on paper for over 30 years, its basic composition became nearly universal in Russian construction practice.
30:
was the first Neo-Byzantine design approved for construction in the Russian Empire (1852). It was not the first to be completed though, since construction started in 1859 and continued until 1889.
642:
583:(1881–1894). In thirteen and a half years, the properties of the Russian Orthodox church increased by more than 5,000 places of worship; by 1894 there were 47,419 temples including 695 major
3919:
6566:
The Byzantine style remains uncommon in contemporary Russian architecture. There have been projects attempting to imitate the outline and composition of typical Neo-Byzantine cathedrals in
5178:
822:(Alexander Ober, 1890s). Moscow clergy, on the contrary, did not commission a single Byzantine church between 1876 (church of Kazan Icon at Kaluga Gates) and 1898 (Epiphany cathedral in
1606:
459:, became the most influential supporter of the Byzantine style – through his published studies of vernacular Caucasian and Greek heritage as well as through his service to empress
3565:
6040:
7728:
1138:
between the dome and its support. Instead, the supporting arcade blends directly into dome roof; tin roofing flows smoothly around the arches. Arches were designed for maximum
3570:
5111:
3534:
890:
539:
8994:
6525:
3304:
3637:
664:
Neo-Byzantine architecture of Alexander III's reign dominated in three geographical niches. It was the style of choice for Orthodox clergy and the military governors in
8453:
6385:
862:
buildings. State-funded construction was largely decentralised and managed by individual statesmen with their own agendas. For a short period preceding the disastrous
1026:
alone is credited with 50 Byzantine churches built in the interwar period. Russian painters created the interiors of the Monastery of Presentation and the historical
897:) schools created their own versions of the Byzantine style – either highly decorative (Schechtel's church in Ivanovo) or, on the contrary, "streamlined" (Solovyov's
1611:
2537:
1150:
church, 1872–1876) also had wooden window shutters with circular cutouts, as used in medieval Byzantium. In the 20th century this pattern was reproduced in stone (
658:
8270:
3416:
3377:
6009:
5614:
5465:
3529:
3382:
3173:
2492:
898:
759:
591:
that became the official style of Alexander III. The turn in state preferences was signalled in 1881–1882 by two architectural contests for the design of the
8653:
5825:
4459:
4166:
3924:
3421:
3346:
3103:
755:
9004:
8090:
4389:
4308:
4270:
3495:
3027:
894:
842:, Moscow, completed shortly after the ascension of Nicholas II. The tented roofs of the side towers are borrowed from contemporary Russian Revival toolset.
464:
1279:
6351:
4716:
4608:
4385:
4068:
3974:
3642:
3241:
3207:
1038:
1425:. The table below, including all major Byzantine cathedrals and large parish churches, summarized current (2008) state of destruction and preservation:
8989:
8943:
8613:
4681:
4574:
3819:
3606:
3458:
2497:
2018:
646:
294:
8999:
8974:
6419:
6205:
5220:
4835:
4797:
4758:
3752:
3309:
2572:
2429:
2393:
2359:
2323:
1367:
1023:
3064:
1115:, they featured a small curvilinear pointed top at the base of a cross, otherwise the cross was mounted directly at the flattened apex of the dome.
5547:
4347:
4216:
3139:
2052:
974:
815:
595:
in Saint Petersburg. Both contests were dominated by Neo-Byzantine designs, yet Alexander dismissed them all and eventually awarded the project to
5432:
5035:
4937:
4676:
4642:
4288:
2638:
1358:
7867:
8117:
8014:
5542:
4809:
4532:
3853:
3069:
2672:
1602:
551:, designed in 1865, was started in 1871 and soon abandoned; construction resumed in 1889 and was completed in 1897. Grimm died one year later.
475:
262:
6648:(Художественный сборник русских архитекторов и инженеров), 1890–1893, electronic reissue by Russian Public History Library (Moscow), 2002–2004
7371:
5393:
3710:
2913:
1983:
930:
Fragmentation of style in small-scale projects developed in parallel to four very large, conservatively styled Neo-Byzantine cathedrals: the
787:
6994:
Marija Vranic-Ignjacevic. Russian refugees at Belgrade University 1919-1945. World Library and Information Congress, Buenos-Aires, 2004, p.2
1076:(1899–1903) demonstrates typical features of developed Russian-Byzantine architecture: exposed two-tone, striped, masonry; four symmetrical
5917:
4565:
376:
7541:
6530:
6520:
6448:
5272:
5053:
1481:
1326:
399:
in the 1830s–1840s that, for the first time, attempted to reconstruct the initial shape of Kievan cathedrals and established them as the
2532:
6571:
6346:
5896:
3601:
2798:
2741:
7725:
281:
architectural style for religious, public and private construction. This monopoly of a single style was lifted in the early 1830s; as
6578:
4265:
1530:
7846:
7707:
7573:
2947:
2281:
1347:
775:
735:
3059:
1346:
with traditional belltowers. Thon's solution was to remove the belltower altogether, installing bells on a small detached belfry (
619:(Georgia), designed to accommodate 900 worshipers, cost 32,360 roubles, of which only 10,000 were provided by the state treasury.
4022:
920:
530:. This "linear" variety of Byzantine architecture remained uncommon in the 19th century but surged in popularity in the reign of
5106:
94:
The style originated in the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century. The founder of this style is considered to be
7412:
615:
officers, and through popular subscription among civilians. For example, the Byzantine church of the 13th infantry regiment in
8035:
7825:
7804:
7630:
7489:
7454:
7291:
7242:
7221:
6577:
Restoration of historical churches so far has a mixed record of success. There is at least one example of a Byzantine design (
8984:
8460:
7686:
7651:
6675:
6634:
364:
into the new territories created new large-scale construction projects that needed to be integrated into local environments.
7355:. Construction of St. George was a local initiative not related directly to state-sponsored church construction in adjacent
8856:
8720:
8667:
8448:
7150:
5675:
1108:
1069:
993:
The Russian branch of Byzantine architecture was terminated by the revolution of 1917 but found an unexpected afterlife in
7902:
6975:
443:
became de facto industry standard well before it was completed. Note the small, fully detached belltower in the back yard.
8979:
8903:
8170:
7102:
7087:; it excludes chapels, house churches, interior-only projects and buildings located outside of historical Russian Empire.
1718:
460:
8923:
8704:
8301:
8145:
8110:
8053:
7923:
7433:
6200:
5460:
4027:
2152:
548:
440:
7983:
6662:
6618:
6484:
5537:
1261:
951:
471:). As early as 1856, empress Maria Alexandrovna expressed her will to see new churches executed in Byzantine style.
129:, Neo-Byzantine architecture flourished during his reign (1881–1894) and continued to be used until the outbreak of
9009:
8953:
8408:
7780:
2083:
799:
746:
of the Institute of Civil Engineers. Provincial architecture was frequently dominated by a single local architect (
8435:
8279:
6076:
791:
767:
731:
8683:
8658:
8369:
8140:
1325:
Smaller churches almost always followed the single-dome plan. In a few cases (as in the Saint George church in
107:
84:
1677:
1107:
Byzantine churches were always crowned with simple hemispherical domes. Sometimes, as in the Theotokos Orans (
8898:
8809:
8643:
8364:
8103:
7601:
Naschokina, p.209, dates Zelenko's involvement as 1904-1905. His initial design was refined by Marfeld alone.
5710:
592:
411:
completed appeared after the death of Nicholas: the interiors of the Saint Sergius of Radonezh church in the
8928:
8835:
8830:
8393:
8344:
8190:
8185:
7613:
2732:
931:
882:
878:
859:
126:
68:
38:
7969:
7955:
8933:
8623:
8374:
8223:
8150:
7388:
7326:
2993:
2844:
380:
23:
1164:. The Neoclassical canon enforced by Alexander I required masonry surfaces to be finished in flush
1037:
produced two interwar Byzantine cathedrals. The larger Cathedral of Annunciation, designed and built by
8663:
8423:
8403:
8388:
8379:
8354:
7054:
6701:
982:
400:
396:
80:
626:
did not mean aversion to Byzantine architecture. Alexander displayed a clear aversion to 18th century
474:
The first of these churches was built in 1861–1866 on the Greek Square of Saint Petersburg. Architect
8918:
8398:
8314:
7864:
5921:
998:
771:
493:, typical of the Byzantine prototypes, he used four. This cross-shaped layout was refined in 1865 by
64:
8011:
7148:
M. A. Yusupova. Hristianskoe zodchestvo Ferganskoy doliny (Христианское зодчество Ферганской долины)
873:
The architecture of the last twenty years of the Russian Empire was marked by a rapid succession of
309:
by Thon) while new church projects leaned towards Thon's "Album of model designs" or neoclassicism.
8948:
8339:
6240:
5312:
4417:
3978:
2984:
1485:
1395:
468:
368:
6993:
661:, 1900–1903). Two schools coexisted in a normal working atmosphere, at least in Saint Petersburg.
8741:
8516:
8470:
8418:
8349:
8248:
7941:
6456:
5752:
5470:
3913:
1775:
1723:
1399:
1178:
1094:
580:
527:
523:
508:
494:
361:
232:. Non-religious construction in Byzantine style was uncommon; most extant examples were built as
173:
122:
34:
6613:(Савельев, Ю. Р. Византийский стиль в архитектуре России. - СПБ., 2005) Saint Petersburg, 2005.
3871:
1084:
blending into the domes; and a relatively small belltower, clearly subordinate to the main dome.
818:'s church of the Rukavishnikov almshouse (1879) and culminated in the extant Boyev almshouse in
657:(designed in 1888, built in 1895–1904), but was just as successful in Russian Revival projects (
8938:
8840:
8608:
8294:
8200:
7538:
7524:
3087:
751:
725:
638:
213:
118:
103:
356:. The eastern policies of the state aroused public interest and sponsored academic studies in
8777:
8228:
6492:
6045:
4498:
3705:
3450:
1757:
1712:
1683:
1081:
916:
867:
823:
747:
531:
515:
504:
489:
resting on a cubical main structure. Kuzmin, however, added a novel feature – instead of two
486:
312:
The reign of Nicholas I was marked by persistent expansion of Russia – either in the form of
270:
241:
1664:
8908:
8888:
8648:
8531:
8126:
1226:
1143:
795:
649:, informal leader of Russian Revival and an advisor to Alexander III. Sultanov's graduate,
543:
317:
282:
257:
7409:
7312:
8:
8577:
8536:
8443:
8253:
8155:
7843:
7704:
6567:
2207:
1042:
978:
572:
483:
114:
8067:
7559:
5380:
387:, recalled Nicholas saying "I cannot stand this style, yet, unlike others, I allow it" (
8465:
8180:
7669:
6643:
6629:(Савельев, Ю. Р. Искуство историзма и государственный заказ. - М., 2008) Moscow, 2008.
4369:
3994:
2989:
1237:
870:
which sponsored high-profile construction projects at metropolitan and overseas bases.
863:
839:
819:
146:
1010:
19:
8893:
8751:
8603:
8572:
8310:
8287:
8160:
7765:'s design. After the war, Thon's design was discarded, the project awarded to Avdeev.
7206:. Schechtel, busy involved in Moscow, was not closely monitoring the Ivanovo project.
6671:
6658:
6630:
6614:
6594:
5953:
5455:
5254:
4342:
4331:
3734:
3338:
3264:
1903:
1097:, yet all followed the basic dome and arcade design rule of medieval Constantinople:
970:
947:
635:
599:, setting the stylistic preference of the next decade. Highly publicized features of
416:
412:
134:
6876:
Sultanov accepted the position of Director of the Institute after Alexander's death.
1288:
653:, made himself famous by the Byzantine churches in Saint Petersburg (1888–1898) and
8618:
8521:
8496:
8359:
8195:
8032:
7822:
7801:
7627:
7486:
7451:
7288:
7239:
7218:
6396:
Designed in 1905. Extant. Operates as the only Orthodox church in Harbin since 1984
6308:
6272:
6234:
5524:
4853:
4819:
4776:
4739:
4699:
4660:
4626:
4592:
4554:
4516:
3011:
2968:
2556:
2157:
1383:
1298:
1241:
1195:
1191:
1147:
886:
803:
779:
559:
420:
388:
371:, closely supervised by Nicholas, supported studies of the Orient and specifically
357:
333:
157:
99:
56:
8309:
7683:
7648:
7472:
6657:(Нащокина М. В. Архитекторы московского модерна. – М.: Жираф, 2005) Moscow, 2005.
6562:
Contemporary imitation of Byzantine style in concrete, Saint Petersburg, 1998–2008
1027:
8746:
8699:
8511:
8501:
8175:
8039:
8018:
7927:
7906:
7871:
7850:
7829:
7808:
7784:
7762:
7732:
7711:
7690:
7655:
7634:
7545:
7493:
7458:
7437:
7392:
7356:
7295:
7246:
7225:
7154:
7106:
6979:
6510:
5747:
4871:
4721:
4481:
3837:
3803:
3225:
3191:
2780:
2746:
1589:
1535:
1244:
dynasties. It was the preferred plan for Russian Orthodox churches for centuries.
1034:
902:
855:
665:
650:
623:
588:
587:. Most of the new temples, however, belonged to the late 19th century variant of
564:
448:
424:
404:
306:
286:
177:
95:
72:
8541:
8413:
7147:
6973:(Зорица Савич. Московские архитекторы в Сербии) architector.ru, November 8, 2005
611:
relics of the 17th century – were instantly copied in smaller church buildings.
8793:
8506:
8491:
8486:
8430:
7899:
7352:
7020:
6969:
6097:
5215:
4955:
4921:
4889:
4787:
4477:
4443:
4220:
2979:
2447:
1362:
963:
742:
Western and southern provinces engaged in large Byzantine projects designed by
701:
697:
596:
452:
302:
229:
193:
8872:
8772:
8562:
7274:
7099:
7037:
6558:
6137:
Table: Neo-Byzantine cathedrals and churches built by Russian Empire overseas
8968:
8767:
8638:
8582:
7416:
6403:
5879:
5847:
5276:
5057:
4750:
3942:
3903:
3771:
3411:
1741:
1371:
1310:
1218:; the Russian standard developed by Kuzmin, Grimm and Kosyakov employed four.
1102:
1057:
955:
910:
693:
631:
298:
7920:
7430:
8526:
6759:
5566:
5506:
5165:
4544:
4425:
4365:
4292:
4052:
1553:
1422:
1203:
959:
778:(1891–1895, 2,000 worshipers), contrary to Byzantine canon, was adorned by
763:
717:
709:
607:, excessive ornaments in red brickwork and a clear reference to Moscow and
479:
435:
313:
274:
201:
189:
150:
76:
7260:
6697:
6670:
Richard S. Wortman. Scenarios of Power. Princeton University Press, 2000.
3049:
1379:
1134:
The most visible feature of Byzantine churches is the absence of a formal
681:
8557:
8334:
8258:
7997:
7885:
7758:
5598:
5161:
4012:
2098:
1701:
1236:
The five-domed type emerged in the 9th century and flourished during the
1207:
1120:
924:
874:
866:, Byzantine style apparently became the choice of state, at least of the
807:
604:
567:
found the ultimate proportion of a single-dome design. Blueprints of his
519:
353:
341:
321:
290:
197:
130:
88:
7777:
1001:. Alexander sponsored Byzantine church projects by emigre architects in
8913:
8633:
8598:
8567:
8095:
6847:
6063:
6027:
5843:
5419:
5376:
5344:
5129:
5089:
3039:
2590:
1935:
1908:
1876:
1579:
1211:
1139:
1124:
1116:
1018:
994:
834:
185:
7590:
7507:
1080:
tightly fused into the main dome, creating a tall triangular outline;
8736:
7340:
6297:
6261:
6223:
5993:
5989:
5957:
5809:
5777:
5741:
5705:
5669:
5637:
5349:
3744:
3728:
3235:
Cathedral of Transfiguration of our Saviour in Saint Tikhon Monastery
2802:
2764:
2722:
2690:
2656:
2615:
Demolished; eponymous cathedral built in 1993-2006 in different style
2276:
1839:
1807:
1517:
1342:
1233:. It remained common in Western Europe but was rarely used in Russia.
1062:
1006:
939:
935:
811:
770:(1888–1901) was designed for 4,000 worshipers and equalled in height
669:
654:
608:
584:
579:
Church construction and economy in general rebounded in the reign of
568:
372:
349:
237:
217:
181:
42:
1374:
and its Byzantine church of Alexander Nevsky). It was reproduced in
724:); in 1891 the list expanded with Siberian towns along the emerging
8383:
8329:
6515:
6479:
6187:
5414:
4150:
3738:
3660:
3524:
3487:
3259:
2479:
1375:
1230:
1151:
1046:
1002:
721:
616:
456:
395:). Royal approval was made possible by the academic studies of the
337:
329:
233:
7402:
7400:
6646:(editor) Khudozhestvenny sbornik russkih arhitektorov i inzhenerov
6570:, omitting the elaborate brickwork of historical prototypes (e.g.
172:. In the 1880s, Byzantine designs became the preferred choice for
6582:
6408:
6068:
6032:
5736:
5700:
5664:
5632:
5450:
5238:
5199:
5134:
5094:
5019:
4987:
4257:
4252:
4189:
4123:
4091:
3876:
3697:
3665:
3201:
Cathedral of the Dormition of Theotokos in Saint Tikhon Monastery
3126:
3016:
2973:
2939:
2905:
2873:
2839:
2622:
2452:
2416:
2411:
2382:
2377:
2346:
2341:
2310:
2305:
2212:
2139:
2107:
2070:
2036:
2006:
1972:
1967:
1871:
1844:
1812:
1746:
1706:
1669:
1558:
1391:
1387:
1316:
1222:
1173:
1135:
1112:
1073:
705:
689:
685:
627:
209:
169:
156:
Initially, Byzantine architecture buildings were concentrated in
138:
7189:. (Крючкова Т.А. Иркутская Благовещенская церковь. – 1999. № 5)
7055:
Interview with Bishop Ioannis Chen, Road to Emmaus v.4 n.2, 2003
1202:
The earliest standard of a symmetrical, single-dome cathedral ("
113:
Russian-Byzantine style became an officially endorsed preferred
7746:
7397:
6442:
6369:
6333:
6302:
6266:
6228:
6192:
6102:
5998:
5962:
5926:
5884:
5852:
5814:
5782:
5603:
5571:
5529:
5493:
5385:
5317:
5308:
5281:
5243:
5209:
Church of Resurrection of our Saviour in Trinity-Sergiev Pustyn
5204:
5170:
5062:
5024:
4992:
4960:
4926:
4894:
4858:
4824:
4781:
4744:
4704:
4665:
4631:
4597:
4559:
4521:
4487:
4448:
4412:
4374:
4297:
4225:
4184:
4155:
4118:
4086:
4057:
4048:
4017:
3983:
3947:
3908:
3842:
3808:
3776:
3629:
3624:
3593:
3588:
3557:
3552:
3518:
3513:
3481:
3476:
3444:
3439:
3405:
3400:
3369:
3364:
3332:
3327:
3296:
3291:
3230:
3196:
3162:
3092:
3054:
2807:
2769:
2727:
2695:
2661:
2627:
2595:
2561:
2520:
2515:
2484:
2271:
2244:
2180:
2175:
2144:
2112:
2075:
2041:
2001:
1940:
1780:
1634:
1594:
1522:
1490:
1351:
1249:
experimented with proportions and placement of the side domes:
1165:
1014:
977:, was unusual in being the first major church project built in
743:
677:
673:
345:
325:
221:
161:
142:
7385:
6474:
6374:
6338:
5773:
5488:
5248:
Church of Saint Sergius of Radonezh in Trinity-Sergiev Pustyn
3692:
3157:
1629:
1304:
1065:
850:
713:
393:"Терпеть не могу этого стиля но, не в пример прочим разрешаю"
261:
Church of Dmitry Solunsky in Saint Petersburg (1861–1866) by
225:
205:
6627:
Savelyev, Yu. R. Iskusstvo istorizma i gosudarstvernny zakaz
1355:
integrated belltowers; detached belfries remained uncommon.
790:
factories and apartment buildings. They easily blended with
500:
7341:
Official site of Lviv Diocese. History of St. George temple
6437:
4407:
4326:
3121:
2934:
2900:
2868:
2834:
2239:
1417:
1215:
1077:
943:
490:
384:
165:
27:
1045:. It was notable as one of the few large Russian Orthodox
514:
Another trend was launched by David Grimm's design of the
3269:
Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul ("Military Church")
375:, but Nicholas himself despised Byzantine architecture.
336:. Nicholas shared his predecessors' aspirations for the
216:. State-sponsored Byzantine churches were also built in
6611:
Savelyev, Yu. R. Vizantiysky stil v architecture Rossii
316:
of territories acquired earlier in the West and South (
3670:
Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky of the Naval Hospital
3617:
Externally extant, converted to college classes inside
1431:
Table: Neo-Byzantine cathedrals of the Russian Empire
1350:), or integrating the belfry into the main structure (
954:. Three of them (Kronstadt, Poti, Sofia) were a clear
901:). Eventually, the "northern" variety of Art Nouveau (
810:
became the preferred choice for municipal and private
7187:
Kryuchkova, T. A. Irkutskaya Blagoveschenskaya cerkov
4194:
Church of the Epiphany (rebuild of a medieval church)
8054:
Svyato-Ilyinskaya cerkov prazdnuet 90-letniy jubiley
7313:
Ludmila Shiryaeva. Hramy dinastii Romanovyh v Krymu.
4965:
Church of Saint Nicholas in Saint Nicholas Monastery
8995:
Byzantine Revival architecture in Georgia (country)
7473:
Official site of Russian Orthodox Church in Estonia
6655:
Naschokina, M. V. Architektory moskovskogo moderna.
4526:
Church of Demetrios of Thessaloniki in Greek Square
2282:
Cathedral of Saint Peter and Paul in Kovno fortress
332:) or in the form of increasing intervention in the
7705:Official site of Novodevichy Voskresensky Convent
3634:Church of Protection of Theotokos (Old Believers)
8966:
8166:Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire
5192:Extant, Cathedral of Belgorod Diocese since 1995
5608:Church of the Cross in Saint Nicholas Monastery
4096:Church of Prophet Elijah in eponymous monastery
1185:
858:, was a Byzantine design following a string of
273:'s rule was marked by state enforcement of the
6971:Zorits Savich. Moskovskie arhitektory v Serbii
4636:Church of Blessed Andrew in Timenkov Almshouse
3796:Abandoned, slowly decaying as at November 2006
782:, giving rise to the "Roman–Byzantine" style.
575:before the original was completed (1895–1904).
478:(1811–1867) loosely followed the canon of the
79:, based on the interpretation of the forms of
8295:
8111:
7577:(Глеб Десятков. Казанский кафедральный собор)
5576:Church of Saint Nicholas in Valuyki Monastery
2733:Cathedral of Saint Nicholas (Naval Cathedral)
6848:Historical summary of 13th infantry regiment
4732:Extant, operated by the Navy, poor condition
3562:Church of Archangel Michael by Kutuzov's Hut
2525:Church of Saint Nicholas ("Garrison Church")
738:in Kaunas was built in Roman-Byzantine style
467:(Alexander II's sister and president of the
149:worked on Neo-Byzantine designs there until
117:for church construction during the reign of
9005:Byzantine Revival architecture in Lithuania
7351:Note that Lviv was at that time located in
6541:Extant, seat of Bishop of Varna and Preslav
5889:Church of All Saints in New Tikhvin Convent
5424:Cathedral of Transfiguration of our Saviour
4128:Church of the Icon of Our Lady Feeding Milk
3813:Cathedral of Transfiguration of our Saviour
2421:Church of the Ozerian Icon on the Cold Hill
1849:Church of Kazan Icon in Teplovsky Monastery
1366:criticized by contemporary architects like
1210:. Traditional Byzantine cathedrals had two
176:expansion on the frontiers of the Empire –
125:changed state preferences in favor of late
8302:
8288:
8118:
8104:
7575:Gleb Desyatkov. Kazansky Kafedralny Sobor.
6840:
6838:
5787:Church of Saint Anatoly and Saint Nicholas
4863:Church of Kazan Icon (Novodevichy Convent)
4670:Church of Kazan Icon in Yeliseev Almshouse
3598:Church of Saint George in Georgian Sloboda
2774:Church of Saint Nicholas (Hospital Church)
2548:Extant, converted to Roman Catholic church
2298:Extant, converted to Roman Catholic church
2097:Extant; Byzantine domes were rebuilt into
645:which also provided a department chair to
403:between Byzantium and the architecture of
8990:Byzantine Revival architecture in Ukraine
6819:Savelyev, 2008 p. 82 cites an article in
6758:The church received a direct bomb hit in
6553:
4602:Church of Saviour (Shuvalovskoe Cemetery)
2457:Trinity Cathedral of Annunciation Convent
2232:Demolished in 1932; replica built in 2000
1341:The Neoclassical canon dictated that the
1206:standard") was set in the 6th century by
1142:via wide window openings. A few designs (
164:, with two isolated projects launched in
9000:Byzantine Revival architecture in Latvia
8975:Byzantine Revival architecture in Russia
8216:
8125:
7508:Official site of Nizhny Novgorod Diocese
7047:
7045:
6692:
6690:
6557:
5534:Church of Transfiguration of our Saviour
4931:Cathedral of Resurrection of our Saviour
1198:employed three distinct church layouts:
1056:
915:
833:
730:
558:
499:
482:– a flattened main dome blended into a
434:
256:
33:
18:
7757:The cathedral was laid down before the
7261:Official site of St.Catherine Cathedral
7128:
7126:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7030:
7028:
6835:
4262:Cathedral of Saint Euphrosyne monastery
1251:
1041:in 1930–1941, was destroyed during the
829:
8967:
7984:Official site of Yekaterinburg Diocese
7038:pravoslavie.ru news, September 7, 2005
6090:Extant, converted to Russian Orthodoxy
3374:Church of Theotokos Orans in Aksinyino
360:history and culture. The expansion of
8283:
8099:
7794:
7792:
7517:
7515:
7305:
7303:
7140:
7138:
7042:
6770:
6768:
6687:
3685:Heavily damaged, under reconstruction
997:through the personal support of King
204:; in the 1890s, they spread from the
91:could be combined with other styles.
8012:Official site of New Tikhvin Convent
7778:Official site of Stary Oskol deanery
7560:Official site of Novosibirsk Diocese
7202:Naschokina, p.469, dates the design
7111:
7025:
5967:Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul
4749:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky in
3301:Church of Kazan Icon by Kaluga Gates
1563:Church of Saint Innocenty of Irkutsk
1336:
1255:Proportions of five-dome cathedrals
814:in Moscow. The trend was started by
430:
8317:in architecture and decorative arts
8171:Neoclassical architecture in Russia
8058:
7970:Official site of Lithuanian Diocese
7956:Official site of Lithuanian Diocese
7865:Official site of Lithuanian Diocese
7591:Unofficial site of Ascension church
6762:and was finally demolished in 1959.
6707:
6521:Cathedral of Dormition of Theotokos
6485:Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky
6413:Church of Saint Sergius of Radonezh
5819:Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky
5461:Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky
4829:Church of Dormition and Saint Basil
4564:Church in memoria of grand duchess
4453:Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky
4062:Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky
3745:Monastery of Saint Simon Cannaanite
3337:Church of Saint John Chrysostom in
2978:Church of the Cross of our Lord in
1817:Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky
1785:Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky
13:
8146:Art Nouveau architecture in Russia
8091:Russian Neo-Byzantine Architecture
7789:
7512:
7431:Official site of Moscow Patriarchy
7300:
7275:Official site of Krasnodar Diocese
7135:
6765:
5029:Church in the Convent of the Cross
4808:Extant. Official residence of the
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
265:– an earliest example of the style
14:
9021:
8084:
7844:Official site of Ossetian Diocese
7747:Official site of Serpovoye Church
7539:Official site of Ossetian Diocese
7100:Official site of Ossetian Diocese
7021:Official site of City of Belgrade
6379:Church of Protection of Theotokos
5498:Cathedral of Saint Peter and Paul
7726:Official site of Saratov Diocese
7684:Encyclopedia of Saint Petersburg
7649:Encyclopedia of Saint Petersburg
7083:The table is based primarily on
5175:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
5139:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
4492:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
4023:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
3952:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
3847:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
3060:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
2878:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
2812:Church of Saint John the Baptist
2217:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
1913:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
1881:Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky
1582:in 1927, demolished in the 1930s
1052:
736:St. Michael the Archangel Church
554:
344:, and engaged in a dispute with
8072:
8044:
8023:
8002:
7988:
7974:
7960:
7946:
7932:
7911:
7900:History of Verhotutye Monastery
7890:
7876:
7855:
7834:
7813:
7768:
7751:
7737:
7716:
7695:
7674:
7660:
7639:
7618:
7604:
7595:
7581:
7564:
7550:
7529:
7498:
7477:
7463:
7442:
7421:
7410:Official site of Kaluga Diocese
7376:
7362:
7345:
7331:
7317:
7279:
7265:
7251:
7230:
7209:
7196:
7177:
7168:
7159:
7090:
7077:
7068:
7059:
7011:
6998:
6984:
6960:
6951:
6942:
6933:
6924:
6915:
6906:
6897:
6888:
6879:
6870:
6861:
6852:
6826:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6786:
6704:. Том 29. Москва, 2015, стр. 76
6702:Большая российская энциклопедия
6572:Church of Presentation of Jesus
6197:Church of Nativity of Theotokos
4709:Church of Our Lady the Merciful
4418:Cathedral of Nativity of Christ
1639:Church of Three Saints of Kazan
1348:Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
776:Cathedral of the Kovno fortress
634:that he despised as symbols of
379:, one of the architects of the
16:Russian revivalist architecture
7886:Official site of Tomsk Diocese
6777:
6752:
6743:
6734:
6725:
6716:
6447:Chapel in memoria of the late
6073:Greek Church of Prophet Elijah
1410:
1190:According to 1870s studies by
798:revival traditions, as in the
419:(1859), and a small chapel of
318:partitions of Poland–Lithuania
297:) and art circles in general (
137:architects who settled in the
49:Russian-Byzantine architecture
1:
6601:
6133:
3523:Church of Theotokos Orans in
3449:Cathedral of the Epiphany in
3410:Church of Saint Demetrios in
1427:
1132:Blending of arches and domes.
988:
593:Church of the Savior on Blood
252:
8985:Revival architectural styles
8191:Russian Revival architecture
8186:Russian neoclassical revival
7998:Official site of Ufa diocese
6597:– a regional English variant
5746:Church of Saint Nicholas in
5354:Church of Lifegiving Trinity
4543:Received direct bomb hit in
4005:Extant, under reconstruction
3864:Extant, under reconstruction
3770:Nikolaevka, Birsk District,
2666:Cathedral of Saint Catherine
1186:Church plans and proportions
969:Poti cathedral, designed by
883:Naval Cathedral in Kronstadt
708:and numerous settlements of
688:); in the southern regions (
643:Institute of Civil Engineers
352:shrines, which provoked the
293:church designs, architects (
53:Russo-Byzantine architecture
7:
8224:Russian church architecture
8151:Constructivist architecture
8141:Architecture of Kievan Rus'
7525:Cossack churches in Ossetia
6588:
6579:"City" church of Kazan Icon
6233:Cathedral of Holy Trinity (
6037:Cathedral of Saint Nicholas
5676:Our Lady of the Sign Church
5674:Church of Theotokos Orans (
5642:Church of Archangel Michael
5099:Cathedral of Saint Vladimir
3781:Church of Archangel Michael
2845:Cathedral of Saint Vladimir
2489:Cathedral of Saint Nicholas
2080:"City" Church of Kazan Icon
1751:Church of Saint Panteleimon
885:). Members of Art Nouveau (
381:cathedral of Saint Vladimir
24:Cathedral of Saint Vladimir
10:
9026:
8980:Neo-Byzantine architecture
5390:Church of the Intercession
1977:Church of Saint Anastasios
1711:Church of Saint Vladimir (
1194:, the architecture of the
1088:
1035:Russian diaspora in Harbin
983:Russian Revolution of 1905
921:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
397:architecture of Kievan Rus
247:
8881:
8865:
8849:
8818:
8802:
8786:
8760:
8729:
8713:
8692:
8676:
8591:
8550:
8479:
8322:
8267:
8241:
8209:
8133:
7670:Sedmitza.ru, July 6, 2004
7065:Savelyev, 2008, p.171-172
6698:РУССКО-ВИЗАНТИЙСКИЙ СТИЛЬ
6343:Cathedral of Annunciation
5922:Republic of Bashkortostan
5711:Church of Saint Paraskeva
4786:Convent of Saint John by
2351:Cathedral of Annunciation
1674:Cathedral of Saint George
1405:
1402:(1891–1904) and others).
1254:
392:
61:русско-византийский стиль
60:
8949:Richardsonian Romanesque
8551:Germany, Austria-Hungary
8461:Spanish Colonial Revival
7942:Russian churches catalog
7921:History of the Cathedral
7327:Russian Churches catalog
6681:
6271:Church of Resurrection (
6107:Church of Saint Nicholas
6003:Church of Saint Nicholas
5322:Church of Saint Nicholas
4997:Church of Saint Nicholas
4379:Church of Saint Nicholas
3988:Church of Saint Nicholas
2600:Church of Saint Nicholas
2566:Church of Saint Nicholas
2315:Church of Saint Nicholas
1656:Church of Saint Nicholas
1599:Church of Saint Nicholas
1527:Church of Saint Vladimir
1154:church, 1911), actually
999:Alexander Karadjordjevic
772:Ivan the Great Belltower
516:Saint Vladimir Cathedral
505:Saint Vladimir Cathedral
469:Imperial Academy of Arts
369:Imperial Academy of Arts
85:Kievan Rus' architecture
9010:Architecture in Moldova
8857:Serbo-Byzantine Revival
8819:Russian Empire and USSR
8742:National Romantic style
8668:Black-and-white Revival
8249:National Romantic style
8229:One-day votive churches
7074:Savelyev, 2005, p.10-14
6978:April 24, 2008, at the
6867:Savelyev, 2008 p. 87-98
5802:Extant, heavily damaged
5443:Demolished in the 1930s
5337:Demolished in the 1930s
5265:Demolished in the 1960s
5231:Demolished in the 1960s
4899:Church of Smolensk Icon
4846:Demolished in 1932-1933
4470:Demolished in the 1920s
4177:Demolished in 1932-1936
4160:Cathedral of Kazan Icon
3486:Church of Theotokos of
2961:Demolished in the 1930s
2927:Demolished in the 1930s
2715:Demolished in the 1930s
2649:Extant, heavily damaged
2132:Demolished in the 1920s
2063:Demolished in the 1930s
2046:Cathedral of Kazan Icon
1800:Demolished in 1936-1937
1612:Friedrich Przhezslavsky
1400:Novocherkassk cathedral
909:style of the legalized
8939:Polish cathedral style
8904:Dutch Colonial Revival
8624:Indo-Saracenic Revival
8201:Stalinist architecture
6574:in Saint Petersburg).
6563:
6554:Revival of 1990s–2000s
6449:Nicholas Alexandrovich
6307:Church of Kazan Icon (
5067:Church of Resurrection
4568:at the Model Orphanage
4302:Church of Holy Trinity
3916:("Military Cathedral")
3914:Cathedral of Ascension
3702:Church of Resurrection
3167:Church of Holy Trinity
3131:Church of Saint George
3088:Luga, Leningrad Oblast
2944:Church of Presentation
2910:Church of Annunciation
2700:Church of Resurrection
2632:Church of Holy Trinity
2117:Church of Annunciation
1495:Church of Saint George
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1085:
927:
843:
739:
726:Trans-Siberian Railway
659:Libava Naval Cathedral
576:
571:church were copied in
511:
455:and the Caucasus as a
444:
266:
214:Trans-Siberian Railway
121:(1855–1881). Although
119:Alexander II of Russia
104:Byzantine architecture
45:
31:
8924:Mediterranean Revival
8778:Soft Portuguese style
8721:Traditionalist School
7614:History of the church
7132:Savelyev, 2005, p.262
6930:Savelyev, 2005 p. 173
6885:Savelyev, 2008 p. 118
6810:Savelyev, 2008, p.167
6561:
6493:Alexander Pomerantsev
6081:attr. to A.A.Heinrich
6046:Alexander Bernardazzi
4499:Alexander Pomerantsev
2149:Church of the Saviour
1758:Alexander Bernardazzi
1713:Chersonesus Cathedral
1684:Alexander Bernardazzi
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1060:
919:
837:
748:Alexander Bernardazzi
734:
562:
503:
438:
260:
37:
22:
8889:American Renaissance
8831:Neoclassical Revival
8532:Louis Philippe style
8127:Russian architecture
6957:Savelyev, 2005 p.181
6948:Savelyev, 2005 p.180
6939:Savelyev, 2005 p.175
6921:Savelyev, 2008 p.215
6903:Savelyev, 2008 p.183
6894:Savelyev, 2005 p.111
6858:Savelyev, 2008 p. 85
6801:Savelyev, 2005, p.40
6713:Savelyev, 2005 p.269
6010:Alexander Turchevich
5931:Church of Kazan Icon
5615:Alexander Turchevich
5313:North Ossetia–Alania
4566:Alexandra Nikolaevna
4547:, demolished in 1959
3979:North Ossetia–Alania
3872:Noul Neamţ Monastery
3383:Alexander Weydenbaum
3174:Alexander Turchevich
3097:Church of Kazan Icon
2538:Stanisław Szpakowsky
2404:Extant, never closed
2387:Church of Kazan Icon
2249:"Military" Cathedral
1486:North Ossetia–Alania
1144:Sevastopol Cathedral
1109:Our Lady of the Sign
1070:Our Lady of the Sign
893:) and neoclassical (
879:neoclassical revival
860:neoclassical revival
830:Reign of Nicholas II
806:. Byzantine-Russian
774:in the Kremlin. The
760:Alexander Turchevich
758:in southern Russia,
544:Sevastopol Cathedral
451:, who had served in
240:during the reign of
69:Russian architecture
8954:Territorial Revival
8537:Second Empire style
8409:Renaissance Revival
8254:Russian avant-garde
8156:Elizabethan Baroque
7193:magazine, 1999 N. 5
7085:Savelyev, p.255-269
6792:Savelyev, 2005 p.37
6783:Savelyev, 2005 p.36
6774:Savelyev, 2005 p.44
6749:Savelyev, 2005 p.33
6740:Savelyev, 2005 p.31
6731:Savelyev, 2008 p.39
6722:Savelyev, 2005 p.28
6568:reinforced concrete
5857:Church of Ascension
5826:Alexander Yaschenko
5565:Valuyky Monastery,
5286:Church of Dormition
4812:in Saint Petersburg
4460:Alexander Yaschenko
4230:Church of Ascension
4167:Alexander Yaschenko
3925:Alexander Yaschenko
3422:Konstantin Bykovsky
3347:Alexander Vincennes
3104:Nikolay Kudtyavtsev
3021:Church of Ascension
2208:Kamianets-Podilskyi
2011:Church of Dormition
1945:Church of Ascension
1229:employed elongated
1043:Cultural Revolution
979:reinforced concrete
838:Boyev almshouse in
756:Alexander Yaschenko
601:Savior on the Blood
573:Kamianets-Podilskyi
528:Armenian prototypes
269:The last decade of
212:along the emerging
115:architectural style
108:Neo-Byzantine style
8654:Romanesque Revival
8644:Queen Anne Revival
8466:Swiss chalet style
8436:Romanesque Revival
8181:Postconstructivism
8068:Orthodoxy in China
8038:2012-09-19 at the
8017:2018-05-12 at the
7926:2008-05-29 at the
7905:2007-06-28 at the
7870:2007-11-08 at the
7849:2009-01-18 at the
7828:2012-09-18 at the
7807:2012-09-18 at the
7783:2009-02-15 at the
7731:2011-07-22 at the
7710:2009-01-03 at the
7689:2011-11-27 at the
7654:2011-11-27 at the
7633:2012-09-16 at the
7544:2009-01-18 at the
7492:2012-09-15 at the
7457:2012-09-13 at the
7436:2011-05-19 at the
7391:2016-03-04 at the
7294:2012-09-10 at the
7245:2011-07-16 at the
7224:2015-05-08 at the
7153:2008-09-04 at the
7105:2009-01-17 at the
6832:Wortman, p.245-246
6821:Nedelya stroitelya
6564:
6362:Demolished in 1966
5836:Demolished in 1932
5481:Demolished in 1930
4980:Demolished in 1930
4948:Demolished in 1930
4692:Demolished in 1929
4585:Demolished in 1938
4509:Demolished in 1937
4390:Mikhail Surmievich
4370:Kabardino-Balkaria
4309:Nikolay Grushetsky
4271:Vladimir Korshikov
3995:Alexander Bogdanov
3496:Vladimir Adamovich
3184:Demolished in 1930
3028:Alphonse Vincennes
2990:Ippolit Monighetti
2893:Demolished in 1939
2852:Various architects
2334:Demolished in 1930
2168:Demolished in 1937
1896:Demolished in 1936
1665:Căpriana monastery
1331:Kutuzov Hut Chapel
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1172:Two-tone, striped
1086:
1061:The church of the
928:
899:church in Kuntsevo
895:Vladimir Adamovich
864:Russo-Japanese War
844:
780:Corinthian columns
740:
577:
512:
507:in Chersonesos by
463:and grand duchess
461:Maria Alexandrovna
445:
267:
202:Cossack Hosts
147:Russian Revolution
46:
32:
8962:
8961:
8894:Collegiate Gothic
8752:Nordic Classicism
8684:Mycenaean Revival
8659:Scottish Baronial
8609:Edwardian Baroque
8604:Bristol Byzantine
8573:Nazi architecture
8370:French Provincial
8277:
8276:
8237:
8236:
8161:Naryshkin Baroque
8033:Sobory.ru catalog
7823:Sobory.ru catalog
7802:Sobory.ru catalog
7628:Sobory.ru catalog
7487:Sobory.ru catalog
7452:Sobory.ru catalog
7386:Sobory.ru catalog
7289:Sobory.ru catalog
7240:Sobory.ru catalog
7219:Sobory.ru catalog
6676:978-0-691-02947-4
6635:978-5-903060-60-3
6595:Bristol Byzantine
6551:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6352:Boris Tustanovsky
6132:
6131:
6128:
6127:
5255:Alexey Gornostaev
4609:Konstantin Kuzmin
4386:Vladimir Grosmann
4343:Alexander Zelenko
4069:Vladimir Slesarev
3975:Novoosetinovskaya
3643:Vladimir Desyatov
3339:Donskoy Monastery
3242:Boleslav Savitsky
3208:Boleslav Savitsky
1337:Belltower problem
1323:
1322:
1039:Boris Tustanovsky
1013:and other towns.
971:Alexander Zelenko
768:Kharkov Cathedral
549:Tbilisi cathedral
465:Maria Nikolayevna
441:Tbilisi cathedral
431:Royal endorsement
417:Alexey Gornostaev
413:Strelna Monastery
362:Russian Orthodoxy
348:for control over
9017:
8944:Queen Anne style
8899:Colonial Revival
8810:Romanian Revival
8730:Nordic countries
8619:Georgian Revival
8614:Egyptian Revival
8522:Directoire style
8497:Louis XIII style
8365:Egyptian Revival
8360:Carpenter Gothic
8304:
8297:
8290:
8281:
8280:
8242:Related articles
8214:
8213:
8196:Siberian Baroque
8120:
8113:
8106:
8097:
8096:
8079:
8076:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8056:
8052:
8048:
8042:
8031:
8027:
8021:
8010:
8006:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7958:
7954:
7950:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7930:
7919:
7915:
7909:
7898:
7894:
7888:
7884:
7880:
7874:
7863:
7859:
7853:
7842:
7838:
7832:
7821:
7817:
7811:
7800:
7796:
7787:
7776:
7772:
7766:
7755:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7735:
7724:
7720:
7714:
7703:
7699:
7693:
7682:
7678:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7658:
7647:
7643:
7637:
7626:
7622:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7602:
7599:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7579:
7572:
7568:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7548:
7537:
7533:
7527:
7523:
7519:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7496:
7485:
7481:
7475:
7471:
7467:
7461:
7450:
7446:
7440:
7429:
7425:
7419:
7408:
7404:
7395:
7384:
7380:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7360:
7349:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7315:
7311:
7307:
7298:
7287:
7283:
7277:
7273:
7269:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7249:
7238:
7234:
7228:
7217:
7213:
7207:
7200:
7194:
7185:
7181:
7175:
7172:
7166:
7163:
7157:
7146:
7142:
7133:
7130:
7109:
7098:
7094:
7088:
7081:
7075:
7072:
7066:
7063:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7009:
7006:
7002:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6982:
6968:
6964:
6958:
6955:
6949:
6946:
6940:
6937:
6931:
6928:
6922:
6919:
6913:
6910:
6904:
6901:
6895:
6892:
6886:
6883:
6877:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6859:
6856:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6833:
6830:
6824:
6817:
6811:
6808:
6802:
6799:
6793:
6790:
6784:
6781:
6775:
6772:
6763:
6756:
6750:
6747:
6741:
6738:
6732:
6729:
6723:
6720:
6714:
6711:
6705:
6694:
6669:
6653:
6641:
6625:
6609:
6309:Russian Compound
6273:Russian Compound
6235:Russian Compound
6143:
6142:
6134:
5525:Valaam Monastery
5381:Ruś Szlachtowska
4854:Saint Petersburg
4820:Saint Petersburg
4777:Saint Petersburg
4740:Saint Petersburg
4700:Saint Petersburg
4682:Ferdinand Miller
4661:Saint Petersburg
4627:Saint Petersburg
4593:Saint Petersburg
4575:Fyodor Kharlamov
4555:Saint Petersburg
4517:Saint Petersburg
3820:Pavel Malinovsky
3607:Vasily Sretensky
3571:Mikhail Litvinov
3459:Vasily Sretensky
2557:Leningrad Oblast
2498:Alexander Latkov
2480:Khotkovo Convent
2185:"Russian" church
2158:Fyodor Schechtel
2019:Dmitry Chichagov
1654:Extant; renamed
1437:
1436:
1428:
1384:Valaam Monastery
1361:, author of the
1299:Saint Petersburg
1252:
1196:Byzantine Empire
1192:Nikodim Kondakov
952:Sofia (Bulgaria)
938:, cathedrals in
887:Fyodor Schechtel
804:Victor Schroeter
647:Nikolay Sultanov
542:'s draft of the
421:Mariinsky Palace
394:
334:Eastern Question
295:Mikhail Bykovsky
271:Alexander I
198:Lower Volga
158:Saint Petersburg
100:Byzantine Empire
62:
9025:
9024:
9020:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9015:
9014:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8958:
8929:Mission Revival
8877:
8861:
8845:
8836:Russian Revival
8814:
8798:
8782:
8756:
8747:Gustavian style
8725:
8709:
8700:Stile Umbertino
8688:
8672:
8587:
8546:
8512:Louis XVI style
8502:Louis XIV style
8475:
8394:Moorish Revival
8345:Baroque Revival
8340:Arts and Crafts
8318:
8308:
8278:
8273:
8263:
8233:
8205:
8176:Petrine Baroque
8129:
8124:
8087:
8082:
8078:Savelyev, p.189
8077:
8073:
8064:
8063:
8059:
8050:
8049:
8045:
8040:Wayback Machine
8029:
8028:
8024:
8019:Wayback Machine
8008:
8007:
8003:
7994:
7993:
7989:
7980:
7979:
7975:
7966:
7965:
7961:
7952:
7951:
7947:
7938:
7937:
7933:
7928:Wayback Machine
7917:
7916:
7912:
7907:Wayback Machine
7896:
7895:
7891:
7882:
7881:
7877:
7872:Wayback Machine
7861:
7860:
7856:
7851:Wayback Machine
7840:
7839:
7835:
7830:Wayback Machine
7819:
7818:
7814:
7809:Wayback Machine
7798:
7797:
7790:
7785:Wayback Machine
7774:
7773:
7769:
7763:Konstantin Thon
7756:
7752:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7733:Wayback Machine
7722:
7721:
7717:
7712:Wayback Machine
7701:
7700:
7696:
7691:Wayback Machine
7680:
7679:
7675:
7666:
7665:
7661:
7656:Wayback Machine
7645:
7644:
7640:
7635:Wayback Machine
7624:
7623:
7619:
7610:
7609:
7605:
7600:
7596:
7587:
7586:
7582:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7556:
7555:
7551:
7546:Wayback Machine
7535:
7534:
7530:
7521:
7520:
7513:
7504:
7503:
7499:
7494:Wayback Machine
7483:
7482:
7478:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7459:Wayback Machine
7448:
7447:
7443:
7438:Wayback Machine
7427:
7426:
7422:
7406:
7405:
7398:
7393:Wayback Machine
7382:
7381:
7377:
7372:Lysva town site
7368:
7367:
7363:
7357:Congress Poland
7350:
7346:
7337:
7336:
7332:
7323:
7322:
7318:
7309:
7308:
7301:
7296:Wayback Machine
7285:
7284:
7280:
7271:
7270:
7266:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7247:Wayback Machine
7236:
7235:
7231:
7226:Wayback Machine
7215:
7214:
7210:
7201:
7197:
7183:
7182:
7178:
7173:
7169:
7164:
7160:
7155:Wayback Machine
7144:
7143:
7136:
7131:
7112:
7107:Wayback Machine
7096:
7095:
7091:
7082:
7078:
7073:
7069:
7064:
7060:
7051:
7050:
7043:
7034:
7033:
7026:
7017:
7016:
7012:
7004:
7003:
6999:
6990:
6989:
6985:
6980:Wayback Machine
6966:
6965:
6961:
6956:
6952:
6947:
6943:
6938:
6934:
6929:
6925:
6920:
6916:
6912:Savelyev, p.240
6911:
6907:
6902:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6884:
6880:
6875:
6871:
6866:
6862:
6857:
6853:
6844:
6843:
6836:
6831:
6827:
6818:
6814:
6809:
6805:
6800:
6796:
6791:
6787:
6782:
6778:
6773:
6766:
6757:
6753:
6748:
6744:
6739:
6735:
6730:
6726:
6721:
6717:
6712:
6708:
6696:Печёнкин И. Е.
6695:
6688:
6684:
6667:
6651:
6644:Kaminsky, A. S.
6639:
6623:
6607:
6604:
6591:
6556:
6420:Victor Shroeter
6206:Nikolay Nikonov
6182:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:(2007 borders)
6151:
6147:
5748:Lukishki prison
5546:
5221:Ignaty Malyshev
5219:
5112:Aleksei Avdeyev
4872:Vasily Kosyakov
4836:Nikolay Nikonov
4798:Nikolay Nikonov
4759:Antony Tomishko
4722:Vasily Kosyakov
4680:
4482:Nor Nakhichevan
4388:
4346:
3838:Nizhnyaya Salda
3804:Nizhny Novgorod
3753:Nikolay Nikonov
3535:Sergey Solovyov
3310:Nikolay Nikitin
3226:Maloyaroslavets
3192:Maloyaroslavets
2994:Nikolay Krasnov
2992:
2781:Vasily Kosyakov
2747:Vasily Kosyakov
2573:Nikolay Nikonov
2430:Vladimir Nemkin
2394:Vladimir Nemkin
2360:Mikhail Lovtsov
2324:Vladimir Nemkin
2289:K. H. Limarenko
1536:Vasily Kosyakov
1476:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:(2007 borders)
1445:
1441:
1413:
1408:
1398:, (1876–1884),
1368:Antony Tomishko
1339:
1227:Byzantine Italy
1188:
1162:Exposed masonry
1091:
1055:
1024:Vasily Androsov
991:
964:Admiral Makarov
932:Naval Cathedral
903:Ilya Bondarenko
891:Sergey Solovyov
832:
672:(cathedrals in
666:Congress Poland
651:Vasily Kosyakov
624:Russian Revival
622:Preference for
589:Russian Revival
565:Vasily Kosyakov
557:
540:Aleksei Avdeyev
449:Grigory Gagarin
439:Composition of
433:
425:Grigory Gagarin
405:Veliky Novgorod
307:Neo-Renaissance
287:Konstantin Thon
283:Nicholas I
255:
250:
178:Congress Poland
127:Russian Revival
96:Konstantin Thon
39:Naval Cathedral
17:
12:
11:
5:
9023:
9013:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8960:
8959:
8957:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8934:Pueblo Revival
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8885:
8883:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8869:
8867:
8863:
8862:
8860:
8859:
8853:
8851:
8847:
8846:
8844:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8822:
8820:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8806:
8804:
8800:
8799:
8797:
8796:
8794:Zakopane Style
8790:
8788:
8784:
8783:
8781:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8764:
8762:
8758:
8757:
8755:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8733:
8731:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8717:
8715:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8707:
8702:
8696:
8694:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8686:
8680:
8678:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8630:
8629:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8507:Louis XV style
8504:
8499:
8494:
8492:Henry IV style
8489:
8487:Henry II style
8483:
8481:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8457:
8456:
8454:North American
8451:
8446:
8440:Second Empire
8438:
8433:
8431:Rococo Revival
8428:
8427:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8377:
8375:Gothic Revival
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8319:
8307:
8306:
8299:
8292:
8284:
8275:
8274:
8268:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8231:
8226:
8220:
8218:
8211:
8207:
8206:
8204:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8137:
8135:
8131:
8130:
8123:
8122:
8115:
8108:
8100:
8094:
8093:
8086:
8085:External links
8083:
8081:
8080:
8071:
8057:
8043:
8022:
8001:
7987:
7973:
7959:
7945:
7931:
7910:
7889:
7875:
7854:
7833:
7812:
7788:
7767:
7750:
7736:
7715:
7694:
7673:
7659:
7638:
7617:
7603:
7594:
7580:
7563:
7549:
7528:
7511:
7497:
7476:
7462:
7441:
7420:
7415:2007-07-12 at
7396:
7375:
7361:
7353:Austro-Hungary
7344:
7338:(in Ukrainian)
7330:
7316:
7299:
7278:
7264:
7250:
7229:
7208:
7195:
7176:
7167:
7165:Kaminsky, 1890
7158:
7134:
7110:
7089:
7076:
7067:
7058:
7041:
7024:
7010:
6997:
6983:
6959:
6950:
6941:
6932:
6923:
6914:
6905:
6896:
6887:
6878:
6869:
6860:
6851:
6834:
6825:
6812:
6803:
6794:
6785:
6776:
6764:
6751:
6742:
6733:
6724:
6715:
6706:
6685:
6683:
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5708:
5703:
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5682:
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5672:
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5609:
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5595:
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5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5569:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5548:Grigory Karpov
5540:
5535:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5496:
5491:
5485:
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5468:
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5438:
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5399:
5396:
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5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
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5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
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5323:
5320:
5315:
5305:
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5299:
5296:
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5290:
5287:
5284:
5279:
5269:
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5260:
5257:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5216:Alfred Parland
5213:
5210:
5207:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5176:
5173:
5168:
5158:
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5149:
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5140:
5137:
5132:
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5109:
5100:
5097:
5092:
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5068:
5065:
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5041:
5038:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4983:
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4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4958:
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4951:
4949:
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4932:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4877:
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4869:
4864:
4861:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
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4841:
4838:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4788:Karpovka River
4784:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
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4727:
4724:
4719:
4710:
4707:
4702:
4696:
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4668:
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4541:
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4527:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4478:Rostov-na-Donu
4474:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4446:
4444:Rostov-na-Donu
4440:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4372:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4348:Robert Marfeld
4340:
4337:
4336:Poti Cathedral
4334:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4295:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4223:
4221:Krasnodar Krai
4217:Plastunovskaya
4213:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
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4164:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
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4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4066:
4063:
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4044:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3971:
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3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3939:
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3917:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3894:
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3865:
3862:
3859:
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3840:
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3831:
3828:
3825:
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3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3774:
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3755:
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3747:
3742:
3732:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3719:
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3713:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
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3674:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3640:
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3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3140:Vincent Ravsky
3137:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2987:
2982:
2980:Livadia Palace
2976:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2922:
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2916:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
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2879:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2837:
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2830:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2786:
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2778:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2761:
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2755:
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2749:
2744:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2448:Kherson Oblast
2444:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:Heinrich Rosen
2050:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1396:Riga cathedral
1370:(architect of
1338:
1335:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1246:
1245:
1234:
1219:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1169:
1159:
1129:
1090:
1087:
1054:
1051:
990:
987:
975:Robert Marfeld
831:
828:
816:Alexander Ober
802:, designed by
712:); and in the
698:Rostov-na-Donu
597:Alfred Parland
556:
553:
453:Constantinople
432:
429:
415:, designed by
303:Gothic Revival
254:
251:
249:
246:
230:French Riviera
194:North Caucasus
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9022:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8970:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8909:Federal style
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8882:United States
8880:
8874:
8871:
8870:
8868:
8864:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8852:
8848:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8826:Neo-Byzantine
8824:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8811:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8801:
8795:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8785:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8768:Neo-Manueline
8766:
8765:
8763:
8759:
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8389:Mayan Revival
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8380:Greek Revival
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8355:Neo-Byzantine
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5277:Ryazan Oblast
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5058:Tambov Oblast
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5036:Yury Terlikov
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4289:Ponyri Vtorye
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3958:N. E. Anokhin
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3943:Novocherkassk
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3904:Novocherkassk
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3772:Bashkortostan
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1449:Building name
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1390:(1888–1901),
1389:
1386:(1887–1896),
1385:
1382:(1881–1884),
1381:
1378:(1867–1887),
1377:
1373:
1372:Kresty Prison
1369:
1364:
1360:
1359:Ernest Gibert
1356:
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1311:Novocherkassk
1309:
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1225:standard" of
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1145:
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1103:Hemispherical
1100:
1099:
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1067:
1064:
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1053:Style defined
1050:
1048:
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1036:
1031:
1029:
1028:Ružica Church
1025:
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1016:
1012:
1008:
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1000:
996:
986:
984:
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949:
946:(present-day
945:
941:
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933:
926:
922:
918:
914:
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911:Old Believers
908:
904:
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876:
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869:
868:Imperial Navy
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:
841:
836:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:Tbilisi Opera
797:
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789:
783:
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777:
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769:
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761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
737:
733:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:Cossack Hosts
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:Novocherkassk
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
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632:neoclassicism
629:
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612:
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598:
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586:
582:
581:Alexander III
574:
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555:Proliferation
552:
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305:by Bykovsky,
304:
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299:Nikolai Gogol
296:
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123:Alexander III
120:
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109:
106:, called the
105:
101:
97:
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87:. As part of
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:direction in
66:
58:
54:
50:
44:
40:
36:
29:
25:
21:
8919:Jeffersonian
8825:
8737:Dragon style
8578:Resort style
8542:Belle Époque
8527:Empire style
8414:Châteauesque
8399:Neoclassical
8271:Russian arts
8165:
8074:
8065:(in Russian)
8060:
8051:(in Russian)
8046:
8030:(in Russian)
8025:
8009:(in Russian)
8004:
7995:(in Russian)
7990:
7981:(in Russian)
7976:
7967:(in Russian)
7962:
7953:(in Russian)
7948:
7939:(in Russian)
7934:
7918:(in Russian)
7913:
7897:(in Russian)
7892:
7883:(in Russian)
7878:
7862:(in Russian)
7857:
7841:(in Russian)
7836:
7820:(in Russian)
7815:
7799:(in Russian)
7775:(in Russian)
7770:
7753:
7744:(in Russian)
7739:
7723:(in Russian)
7718:
7702:(in Russian)
7697:
7681:(in Russian)
7676:
7667:(in English)
7662:
7646:(in Russian)
7641:
7625:(in Russian)
7620:
7611:(in Russian)
7606:
7597:
7588:(in Russian)
7583:
7574:
7571:(in Russian)
7566:
7557:(in Russian)
7552:
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7531:
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7505:(in Russian)
7500:
7484:(in Russian)
7479:
7470:(in Russian)
7465:
7449:(in Russian)
7444:
7428:(in Russian)
7423:
7407:(in Russian)
7383:(in Russian)
7378:
7369:(in Russian)
7364:
7347:
7333:
7324:(in Russian)
7319:
7310:(in Russian)
7286:(in Russian)
7281:
7272:(in Russian)
7267:
7258:(in Russian)
7253:
7237:(in Russian)
7232:
7216:(in Russian)
7211:
7203:
7198:
7190:
7186:
7184:(in Russian)
7179:
7170:
7161:
7145:(in Russian)
7097:(in Russian)
7092:
7084:
7079:
7070:
7061:
7052:(in English)
7035:(in Russian)
7018:(in English)
7013:
7005:(in English)
7000:
6991:(in English)
6986:
6970:
6967:(in Russian)
6962:
6953:
6944:
6935:
6926:
6917:
6908:
6899:
6890:
6881:
6872:
6863:
6854:
6845:(in Russian)
6828:
6823:, 1894 N. 37
6820:
6815:
6806:
6797:
6788:
6779:
6760:World War II
6754:
6745:
6736:
6727:
6718:
6709:
6668:(in English)
6654:
6652:(in Russian)
6642:
6640:(in Russian)
6626:
6624:(in Russian)
6610:
6608:(in Russian)
6576:
6565:
6386:Yury Zhdanov
6172:Construction
6167:Construction
5720:Martzinovsky
5567:Kursk Oblast
5543:Alexey Silin
5507:August Lange
5166:Kursk Oblast
4545:World War II
4533:Roman Kuzmin
4426:Robert Pflug
4366:Prokhladnaya
4293:Kursk Oblast
4053:Kursk Oblast
3854:Segey Kozlov
3451:Dorogomilovo
3070:Karl Maevsky
2673:Ivan Malgerb
2099:tented roofs
1655:
1554:Bakhchisaray
1466:Construction
1461:Construction
1423:Soviet Union
1414:
1357:
1340:
1324:
1319:, 1888–1901
1313:, 1891–1905
1307:, 1909–1911
1301:, 1908–1915
1247:
1204:Hagia Sophia
1189:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1131:
1121:tented roofs
1111:) church in
1101:
1092:
1032:
992:
968:
960:Hagia Sophia
929:
906:
872:
848:
845:
824:Dorogomilovo
784:
741:
663:
621:
613:
603:– a central
600:
578:
536:
513:
480:Hagia Sophia
476:Roman Kuzmin
473:
446:
423:designed by
409:
401:missing link
366:
314:colonization
311:
278:
275:Empire style
268:
263:Roman Kuzmin
208:region into
190:Central Asia
155:
151:World War II
112:
93:
77:applied arts
52:
48:
47:
8873:Neo-Mudéjar
8773:Neo-Mudéjar
8714:Netherlands
8563:Gründerzeit
8558:Biedermeier
8335:Art Nouveau
8311:Historicism
8259:Suprematism
7759:Crimean War
6457:David Grimm
6393:1922 / 1930
5599:Verkhoturye
5471:David Grimm
5162:Stary Oskol
4032:N. Solovyov
4013:Novosibirsk
3711:Pavel Alish
1984:Andrey Huhn
1724:David Grimm
1702:Chersonesos
1578:Damaged by
1411:Destruction
1333:in Moscow.
1212:pendentives
1208:Justinian I
1158:insolation.
1117:Onion domes
925:Novosibirsk
875:Art Nouveau
808:eclecticism
788:brick style
605:tented roof
532:Nicholas II
520:Chersonesus
509:David Grimm
495:David Grimm
484:cylindrical
354:Crimean War
342:Dardanelles
322:Novorossiya
242:Nicholas II
228:and on the
131:World War I
89:eclecticism
8969:Categories
8914:Greco Deco
8634:Jacobethan
8568:Jugendstil
8471:Vernacular
8419:Italianate
8350:Beaux-Arts
8315:Revivalism
6602:References
6174:completed
6159:Other wiki
6064:Yevpatoria
6028:Yevpatoria
5918:Yermashevo
5844:Voznesenka
5591:Demolished
5420:Uzbekistan
5377:Szlachtowa
5345:Svencionys
5154:Demolished
5130:Sevastopol
5090:Sevastopol
5046:Demolished
5012:Demolished
4914:Demolished
4653:Demolished
4358:Demolished
4143:Demolished
3469:Demolished
3320:Demolished
3284:Demolished
3040:earthquake
2591:Kislovodsk
2472:Demolished
2264:Demolished
2200:Demolished
2029:Demolished
1936:Gelendzhik
1909:Azerbaijan
1877:Uzbekistan
1832:Demolished
1590:Białowieża
1580:earthquake
1468:completed
1453:Other wiki
1238:Macedonian
1140:insolation
1125:vernacular
1095:Romanesque
1019:Montenegro
995:Yugoslavia
989:Emigration
812:almshouses
792:Romanesque
752:Bessarabia
639:absolutism
585:cathedrals
377:Ivan Strom
253:Background
238:almshouses
186:Bessarabia
145:after the
73:decorative
65:revivalist
8841:Stalinist
8599:Adamesque
8217:Religious
7204:1897-1898
6531:Ivan Maas
6298:Jerusalem
6262:Jerusalem
6224:Jerusalem
6163:Architect
6098:Włocławek
5994:Perm Krai
5990:Yershovka
5958:Perm Krai
5810:Volgograd
5778:Perm Krai
5742:Lithuania
5706:Lithuania
5670:Lithuania
5638:Lithuania
5350:Lithuania
5273:Struzhany
5054:Serpovoye
4810:Patriarch
3731:monastery
3729:New Athos
2803:Perm Krai
2765:Kronstadt
2723:Kronstadt
2691:Krasnodar
2657:Krasnodar
2277:Lithuania
2017:attr. to
1840:Feodosiya
1808:Feodosiya
1518:Astrakhan
1457:Architect
1343:belltower
1242:Comnenian
1231:basilicas
1128:diameter.
1063:Theotokos
1047:basilicas
1007:Lazarevac
940:Tsaritsyn
936:Kronstadt
905:) became
840:Sokolniki
820:Sokolniki
670:Lithuania
655:Astrakhan
609:Yaroslavl
569:Astrakhan
373:Byzantium
358:Byzantine
350:Holy Land
285:promoted
234:hospitals
218:Jerusalem
182:Lithuania
81:Byzantine
43:Kronstadt
8761:Portugal
8449:European
8384:Neo-Grec
8330:Art Deco
8269:Part of
8036:Archived
8015:Archived
7924:Archived
7903:Archived
7868:Archived
7847:Archived
7826:Archived
7805:Archived
7781:Archived
7729:Archived
7708:Archived
7687:Archived
7652:Archived
7631:Archived
7542:Archived
7490:Archived
7455:Archived
7434:Archived
7413:Archived
7389:Archived
7292:Archived
7243:Archived
7222:Archived
7151:Archived
7103:Archived
6976:Archived
6589:See also
6516:Bulgaria
6480:Bulgaria
6188:Biarritz
6146:Location
5415:Tashkent
4151:Orenburg
3739:Abkhazia
3661:Mykolaiv
3525:Kuntsevo
3488:Vatopedi
3260:Manglisi
2799:Kultaevo
1951:Vasilyev
1887:Sakovich
1742:Chişinău
1682:Attr.to
1440:Location
1376:Tashkent
1179:Georgian
1156:reducing
1152:Kuntsevo
1003:Belgrade
856:Peterhof
722:Orenburg
617:Manglisi
563:In 1888
524:Georgian
457:diplomat
427:(1860).
340:and the
338:Bosporus
330:Caucasus
291:eclectic
200:and the
174:Orthodox
160:and the
8803:Romania
8649:Regency
6583:Irkutsk
6526:commons
6409:Germany
6347:commons
6201:commons
6150:Country
6077:commons
6069:Ukraine
6041:commons
6033:Ukraine
5897:commons
5753:commons
5737:Vilnius
5701:Vilnius
5665:Vilnius
5633:Vilnius
5538:commons
5502:commons
5466:commons
5456:Georgia
5451:Tbilisi
5394:commons
5239:Strelna
5200:Strelna
5179:commons
5135:Ukraine
5095:Ukraine
5073:Unknown
5020:Saratov
4988:Saratov
4717:commons
4332:Georgia
4266:commons
4258:Belarus
4253:Polotsk
4190:Ukraine
4124:Ukraine
4092:Ukraine
4028:commons
3920:commons
3877:Moldova
3735:Georgia
3706:commons
3698:Estonia
3666:Ukraine
3638:commons
3602:commons
3566:commons
3530:commons
3417:commons
3378:commons
3305:commons
3265:Georgia
3127:Ukraine
3042:in 1927
3017:Ukraine
3012:Livadia
2985:commons
2974:Ukraine
2969:Livadia
2948:commons
2940:Ukraine
2914:commons
2906:Ukraine
2874:Ukraine
2840:Ukraine
2742:commons
2623:Kolomna
2555:Kotly,
2533:commons
2493:commons
2453:Ukraine
2417:Ukraine
2412:Kharkiv
2383:Ukraine
2378:Kharkiv
2347:Ukraine
2342:Kharkiv
2311:Ukraine
2306:Kharkiv
2213:Ukraine
2153:commons
2140:Ivanovo
2108:Irkutsk
2088:Unknown
2084:commons
2071:Irkutsk
2037:Irkutsk
2007:Ukraine
1973:Ukraine
1968:Hlukhiv
1872:Fergana
1845:Ukraine
1813:Ukraine
1747:Moldova
1707:Ukraine
1678:commons
1670:Moldova
1607:commons
1559:Ukraine
1531:commons
1444:Country
1392:Saratov
1388:Kharkov
1317:Kharkiv
1223:Ravenna
1174:masonry
1148:Livadia
1136:cornice
1113:Vilnius
1089:Details
1082:arcades
1074:Vilnius
958:to the
948:Georgia
796:Moorish
706:Saratov
690:Kharkov
686:Vilnius
636:Petrine
628:baroque
447:Prince
389:Russian
277:as the
248:History
210:Siberia
170:Tbilisi
141:and in
139:Balkans
63:) is a
57:Russian
8850:Serbia
8787:Poland
8677:Greece
8480:France
8444:French
8134:Styles
7191:Taltsy
6674:
6661:
6633:
6617:
6503:Extant
6467:Extant
6443:France
6370:Harbin
6334:Harbin
6326:Extant
6303:Israel
6290:Extant
6267:Israel
6254:Extant
6241::image
6229:Israel
6216:Extant
6193:France
6169:began
6103:Poland
6056:Extant
6020:Extant
5999:Russia
5982:Extant
5963:Russia
5954:Yelovo
5946:Extant
5927:Russia
5910:Extant
5885:Russia
5872:Extant
5853:Russia
5815:Russia
5783:Russia
5766:Extant
5729:Extant
5693:Extant
5657:Extant
5625:Extant
5604:Russia
5572:Russia
5558:Extant
5530:Russia
5517:Extant
5494:Russia
5407:Extant
5386:Poland
5369:Extant
5318:Russia
5309:Sunzha
5301:Extant
5282:Russia
5244:Russia
5205:Russia
5171:Russia
5122:Extant
5082:Extant
5063:Russia
5025:Russia
4993:Russia
4961:Russia
4956:Samara
4927:Russia
4922:Samara
4895:Russia
4890:Samara
4882:Extant
4859:Russia
4825:Russia
4782:Russia
4769:Extant
4745:Russia
4705:Russia
4666:Russia
4632:Russia
4619:Extant
4598:Russia
4560:Russia
4522:Russia
4488:Russia
4449:Russia
4436:Extant
4413:Latvia
4400:Extant
4375:Russia
4319:Extant
4298:Russia
4281:Extant
4245:Extant
4226:Russia
4209:Extant
4185:Ostroh
4156:Russia
4119:Odessa
4111:Extant
4087:Odessa
4079:Extant
4058:Russia
4049:Oboyan
4041:Extant
4018:Russia
3984:Russia
3967:Extant
3948:Russia
3935:Extant
3909:Russia
3896:Extant
3843:Russia
3830:Extant
3809:Russia
3777:Russia
3763:Extant
3721:Extant
3653:Extant
3630:Russia
3625:Moscow
3594:Russia
3589:Moscow
3581:Extant
3558:Russia
3553:Moscow
3545:Extant
3519:Russia
3514:Moscow
3506:Extant
3482:Russia
3477:Moscow
3445:Russia
3440:Moscow
3432:Extant
3406:Russia
3401:Moscow
3393:Extant
3370:Russia
3365:Moscow
3357:Extant
3333:Russia
3328:Moscow
3297:Russia
3292:Moscow
3252:Extant
3231:Russia
3218:Extant
3197:Russia
3163:Russia
3150:Extant
3114:Extant
3093:Russia
3080:Extant
3055:Poland
3004:Extant
2861:Extant
2827:Extant
2808:Russia
2791:Extant
2770:Russia
2757:Extant
2728:Russia
2696:Russia
2683:Extant
2662:Russia
2628:Russia
2596:Russia
2583:Extant
2562:Russia
2521:Poland
2516:Kielce
2508:Extant
2485:Russia
2440:Extant
2370:Extant
2272:Kaunas
2245:Turkey
2181:Poland
2176:Kalisz
2145:Russia
2113:Russia
2076:Russia
2042:Russia
2002:Gurzuf
1994:Extant
1960:Extant
1941:Russia
1928:Extant
1864:Extant
1781:Russia
1768:Extant
1734:Extant
1694:Extant
1635:Russia
1622:Extant
1595:Poland
1546:Extant
1523:Russia
1510:Extant
1491:Russia
1463:began
1406:Legacy
1363:Samara
1352:Yelets
1166:stucco
1105:domes.
1015:Serbia
1011:Požega
956:homage
950:) and
849:Lower
744:alumni
702:Samara
678:Kielce
674:Kaunas
487:arcade
346:France
328:, the
326:Crimea
324:, the
222:Harbin
196:, the
162:Crimea
143:Harbin
135:Émigré
8866:Spain
8705:Milan
8693:Italy
8210:Types
7008:16-41
6682:Notes
6511:Varna
6475:Sofia
6375:China
6339:China
6181:Notes
5774:Visim
5489:Tomsk
3693:Narva
3158:Lysva
1904:Ganja
1776:Chita
1630:Birsk
1482:Ardon
1475:Notes
1327:Ardon
1305:Tomsk
1221:The "
1216:apses
1078:apses
1072:) in
1066:Orans
851:dacha
714:Urals
491:apses
226:Sofia
206:Urals
8313:and
6672:ISBN
6659:ISBN
6631:ISBN
6615:ISBN
6538:1886
6535:1880
6500:1912
6497:1904
6464:1868
6461:1866
6438:Nice
6427:1901
6424:1898
6390:1922
6359:1941
6356:1930
6213:1892
6210:1888
6177:Fate
6119:1905
6116:1902
6087:1918
6084:1911
6053:1899
6050:1897
6017:1908
6014:1899
5979:1891
5943:1904
5907:1902
5904:1900
5869:1910
5833:1918
5830:1901
5799:1895
5796:1889
5763:1899
5726:1864
5690:1903
5687:1899
5654:1895
5651:1893
5622:1913
5619:1905
5588:1913
5555:1896
5552:1887
5514:1911
5511:1909
5478:1897
5475:1871
5440:1882
5437:1871
5366:1898
5334:1876
5331:1866
5298:1909
5262:1859
5259:1854
5228:1874
5225:1872
5189:1903
5186:1900
5151:1896
5119:1888
5116:1873
5079:1909
5076:1900
5043:1904
5040:1899
5009:1904
5006:1901
4945:1894
4942:1886
4879:1915
4876:1908
4843:1908
4840:1905
4805:1911
4802:1899
4766:1890
4763:1889
4729:1898
4726:1888
4689:1885
4686:1881
4650:1877
4647:1871
4616:1880
4613:1876
4582:1876
4579:1867
4540:1866
4537:1861
4506:1898
4467:1908
4464:1891
4433:1884
4430:1875
4408:Riga
4397:1886
4394:1882
4355:1907
4352:1905
4327:Poti
4316:1910
4313:1903
4278:1899
4275:1893
4242:1899
4239:1870
4206:1891
4203:1887
4174:1895
4171:1886
4140:1896
4108:1886
4076:1907
4038:1899
4035:1896
4002:1918
3999:1911
3964:1903
3961:1888
3932:1905
3929:1891
3893:1905
3890:1902
3861:1905
3827:1904
3824:1900
3793:1917
3790:1907
3760:1900
3757:1888
3718:1896
3715:1890
3682:1886
3650:1910
3647:1908
3614:1899
3611:1879
3578:1912
3575:1911
3542:1913
3539:1911
3503:1909
3500:1908
3466:1910
3463:1898
3429:1895
3426:1886
3390:1900
3387:1883
3354:1891
3351:1888
3317:1886
3314:1876
3281:1897
3249:1897
3246:1894
3215:1905
3212:1894
3181:1898
3178:1891
3147:1901
3144:1897
3122:Lviv
3111:1904
3108:1901
3077:1884
3074:1880
3050:Łódź
3035:1876
3032:1872
3001:1866
2998:1862
2935:Kyiv
2901:Kyiv
2890:1888
2869:Kyiv
2858:1897
2855:1862
2835:Kyiv
2824:1917
2821:1911
2788:1905
2754:1913
2751:1901
2712:1892
2709:1887
2680:1914
2677:1898
2646:1907
2643:1892
2612:1888
2580:1910
2577:1882
2545:1904
2542:1902
2505:1904
2502:1899
2469:1909
2466:1900
2437:1901
2434:1892
2401:1912
2398:1904
2367:1901
2364:1888
2331:1896
2328:1887
2295:1895
2292:1891
2240:Kars
2229:1898
2226:1891
2197:1876
2165:1903
2162:1898
2129:1891
2126:1888
2094:1892
2091:1885
2060:1892
2057:1875
2026:1891
2023:1887
1991:1893
1988:1884
1957:1909
1954:1905
1925:1887
1893:1899
1890:1891
1861:1907
1855:Keil
1829:1871
1797:1909
1794:1899
1765:1891
1762:1889
1731:1879
1728:1861
1691:1903
1651:1899
1648:1895
1619:1897
1616:1895
1575:1896
1543:1902
1540:1895
1507:1901
1504:1885
1471:Fate
1418:tram
1380:Łódź
1240:and
1119:and
1033:The
1017:and
973:and
944:Poti
877:and
847:the
764:Perm
718:Perm
682:Łódź
668:and
630:and
526:and
385:Kyiv
367:The
279:only
236:and
168:and
166:Kiev
83:and
75:and
71:and
28:Kyiv
7761:to
6700://
6581:in
5893::ru
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5428::ru
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5103::ru
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