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Eclecticism

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412: 64: 20: 278: 575:'s works were non-dogmatic. Middle Platonism was promoted by the necessity of considering the main theories of the post-Platonic schools of philosophy, such as the Aristotelian logic and the Stoic psychology and ethics (theory of goods and emotions). On the one hand the Middle Platonists were engaged like the later Peripatetics in scholarly activities such as the exposition of Plato's doctrines and the explanation of his dialogues; on the other hand they attempted to develop the Platonic theories systematically. In so far as it was subject in this to the influence of 262: 991: 536:. Among his objections to skepticism was the consideration that without firm convictions no rational content of life is possible. Antiochus pointed out that it is a contradiction to assert that nothing can be asserted or to prove that nothing can be proved; that we cannot speak of false ideas and at the same time deny the distinction between false and true. He expounded the Academic, 382:, eclecticism is the practice of examining a wide number of text witnesses and selecting the variant that seems best. The result of the process is a text with readings drawn from many witnesses. In a purely eclectic approach, no single witness is theoretically favored. Instead, the critic forms opinions about individual witnesses, relying on both external and internal evidence. 443:, eclecticism "aims at constructing a system broad and vague enough to include, or not to exclude, the principles of the divers schools, though giving at times more importance to those of one school". Roman Empire eclectic figures could belong to a specific philosophical schools while remaining eclectic and drawing on different traditions. Key figures include 145:
of several distinct traditions into a new, unified system, eclecticism adopts elements from various systems without necessarily integrating them into a single cohesive framework. This distinction allows for a broader, more inclusive approach in eclecticism, where the selection is based on individual
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Eclecticism plays an important role in critical discussions and evaluations but is somehow distant from the actual forms of the artifacts to which it is applied, and its meaning is thus rather indistinct. The simplest definition of the term—that every work of art represents the combination of a
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The term eclecticism is used to describe the combination, in a single work, of elements from different historical styles, chiefly in architecture and, by implication, in the fine and decorative arts. The term is sometimes also loosely applied to the general stylistic variety of 19th-century
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According to Rošker and Suhadolnik, however, even though eclecticism had a Greek origin, the term was rarely used and it was even given a negative connotation by historians of Greek thought, associating it with the description for impure and unoriginal thinking. Scholars such as
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or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases. However, this is often without conventions or rules dictating how or which theories were combined.
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in that the term was used pejoratively for much of the period of its currency, although, unlike Mannerism, Eclecticism never amounted to a movement or constituted a specific style: it is characterized precisely by the fact that it was not a particular style.
628:. In the 1970s, psychologists started using whichever approaches and techniques that they deemed appropriate for their client. They take multiple perspectives into consideration while identifying, explaining, and changing the behavior of the client. 162:
who attached themselves to no real system, but selected from existing philosophical beliefs those doctrines that seemed most reasonable to them. Out of this collected material they constructed their new system of philosophy. The term comes from the
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used elements from multiple philosophies, texts, life experiences, and their own philosophical ideas. These ideas include life as connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. This movement is closely associated with
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Building no. 45 on Rue de Courcelles in Paris, unknown architect, unknown date, an example of 19th century architecture that can be called "Eclectic" due to the fact that it uses elements from multiple Classicist styles, like the
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It can sometimes seem inelegant or lacking in simplicity, and eclectics are sometimes criticized for lack of consistency in their thinking. It is, however, common in many fields of study. For example, most
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Encyclopædia Britannica – in philosophy and theology, the practice of selecting doctrines from different systems of thought without adopting the whole parent system for each doctrine
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maintained that eclecticism had a long history in Greek philosophy and it is underpinned by a deeper metaphysical and theological conviction concerning the
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systems in such a way as to show that these three schools deviated from one another only in minor points. Antiochus was chiefly interested in
1746: 1484: 294: 721: 698: 741: 411: 611: 253:/God as the source of all noble thoughts and that all parts of the truth can be found among the various philosophical systems. 846: 1472: 1023: 944: 1237: 418:(c. 135 – c. 51 BC), who followed Stoicism, but also the works of Plato, Aristotle and Greco-Roman natural philosophers. 821: 796: 771: 137:, but the two concepts differ in their approach to combining elements from different traditions. While syncretism in 652: 339:), although the revivals of styles in that period have, since the 1970s, generally been referred to as aspects of 1367: 370:
can be described as eclectic in the sense that they borrow techniques from a wide variety of other martial arts.
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elements in civic architecture, but is also characterized by big plane surfaces, due to the influences of
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variety of influences—is so basic as to be of little use. In some ways Eclecticism is reminiscent of
52: 963:"Eclecticism in Therapy | in Chapter 13: Therapies | from Psychology: An Introduction by Russ Dewey" 1544: 1016: 480: 306: 155: 44: 19: 1665: 1504: 1206: 444: 379: 298: 87: 63: 1509: 1392: 1262: 607: 484: 423: 234: 142: 1613: 1608: 1347: 1194: 1189: 488: 476: 440: 400: 250: 246: 1643: 1575: 1397: 1387: 1382: 1362: 1307: 1257: 692: 647: 568:, but for the highest grade of happiness, bodily and external goods are necessary as well. 494: 472: 468: 396: 391:
bias to a single manuscript, has been the dominant method of editing the Greek text of the
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The Yields of Transition: Literature, Art and Philosophy in Early Medieval China
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is credited with influencing the Academy so that it finally transitioned from
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merit or preference rather than an attempt to create a new unified tradition.
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Conceptual approach that draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas
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opulence through lavishly decorated monumental structures that evoked
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Eclecticism was first recorded to have been practiced by a group of
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is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single
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Since the mid-19th century, eclecticism, in which there is no
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Integrative psychotherapy § Comparison with eclecticism
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This eclectic tendency was enabled by the fact that most of
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The Architecture of Choice: Eclectism in America, 1880-1910
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Outlines of the History of Greek Philosophy, 13th edition
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Clement of Alexandria: A Project of Christian Perfection
868: 839:Curentul Mediteraneean în arhitectura interbelică 811: 548:, in which he tried to find a middle way between 530:doctrine that there is nothing absolutely certain 528:to Eclecticism. Whereas Philo had adhered to the 186:), "picked out, select". Well known eclectics in 1728: 786: 176:), literally "choosing the best", and that from 620:that see many factors influencing behavior and 1017: 957: 955: 90:and Romanian Revival elements and proportions 932:Outlines of the History of Greek Philosophy 616:Eclecticism is recognized in approaches to 31:, 1860–1875. Stylistically, it aimed for a 1024: 1010: 952: 217:was thoroughly eclectic, as he united the 1485:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 923: 921: 919: 917: 915: 913: 911: 909: 787:Rošker, Jana; Suhadolnik, Natasa (2011). 233:to Eclecticism. Other eclectics included 836: 816:. London: T & T Clark. p. 104. 686: 594:was the founder of modern Eclecticism. 410: 406: 276: 260: 71:house on Strada Grigore Alexandrescu in 62: 18: 435:. Eclectic thinkers thrived during the 316: 1729: 906: 761: 748:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 728:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 532:, Antiochus abandoned this to support 1005: 884: 882: 880: 1747:Philosophical schools and traditions 1473:Right-wing authoritarian personality 945:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy 890:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Eclecticism" 13: 877: 14: 1758: 983: 812:Ashwin-Siejkowski, Piotr (2008). 989: 766:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 253. 653:Eclecticism in textual criticism 937: 355: 55:etc. Thus, it is an example of 1468:Authoritarian leadership style 1031: 855: 830: 805: 780: 755: 735: 715: 706: 680: 1: 1373:Social construction of gender 673: 597: 560:. For instance, he said that 80: 1368:Rally 'round the flag effect 752:, on Perseus Digital Library 732:, on Perseus Digital Library 373: 7: 1571:Asch conformity experiments 1288:Identification (psychology) 631: 323:Eclecticism in architecture 57:eclecticism in architecture 10: 1763: 1586:Stanford prison experiment 1328:Normative social influence 837:Ghigeanu, Mădălin (2022). 743: 723: 601: 359: 320: 178: 168: 110:accept certain aspects of 1594: 1563: 1535:Normalization of deviance 1497: 1463:Authoritarian personality 1455: 1215: 1172: 1046: 1039: 516:. Through his influence, 149: 1545:Preference falsification 481:Alexander of Aphrodisias 256: 141:involves the merging or 1207:Tyranny of the majority 841:. Vremea. p. 155. 762:Zeller, Eduard (2001). 750:A Greek–English Lexicon 730:A Greek–English Lexicon 699:Encyclopædia Britannica 459:, Demetrius the Cynic, 445:Asclepiades of Bithynia 23:The grand foyer of the 1510:Communal reinforcement 1263:False consensus effect 608:Eclectic psychotherapy 520:transitioned from the 424:Hellenistic philosophy 419: 313: 274: 91: 60: 1742:Eclectic architecture 1614:Anti-social behaviour 1609:Anti-authoritarianism 1348:Pluralistic ignorance 1195:National conservatism 1190:Left-wing nationalism 1173:Governmental pressure 512:, and the teacher of 441:Catholic Encyclopedia 414: 407:In Western Philosophy 401:Alexandrian text-type 280: 264: 247:Clement of Alexandria 133:is often compared to 79:, unknown architect, 66: 22: 1576:Breaching experiment 1363:Operant conditioning 1308:Mere exposure effect 998:at Wikimedia Commons 947:: Brahman to Derrida 648:Eclecticism in music 495:Antiochus of Ascalon 473:Andronicus of Rhodes 469:Antiochus of Ascalon 397:United Bible Society 317:Architecture and art 281:Otto Gagel House in 227:Antiochus of Ascalon 1456:Individual pressure 1333:Passing (sociology) 1268:Fear of missing out 1233:Closure (sociology) 1147:Enemy of the people 874:Aland, B. 1994: 138 693:"Eclecticism"  522:Academic Skepticism 508:) was the pupil of 439:. According to the 362:Hybrid martial arts 328:architecture after 311:Modern architecture 1624:Civil disobedience 1581:Milgram experiment 1520:Creeping normality 1422:Social integration 1358:Psychosocial issue 1298:Invented tradition 1152:Enemy of the state 996:Eclecticism in art 967:www.intropsych.com 861:Leonard K. Eaton, 643:Eclecticism in art 604:Clinical pluralism 453:Panetius of Rhodes 420: 314: 275: 239:Seneca the Younger 160:Roman philosophers 92: 61: 1724: 1723: 1604:Alternative media 1493: 1492: 1432:Spiral of silence 1303:Memory conformity 1243:Consensus reality 1136:Persona non grata 1057:Damnatio memoriae 994:Media related to 894:www.newadvent.org 848:978-606-081-135-0 638:Eclectic medicine 588:modern philosophy 577:Neopythagoreanism 506: 69 BC 380:textual criticism 1754: 1649:Devil's advocate 1619:Auto-segregation 1515:Countersignaling 1442:Toxic positivity 1417:Social influence 1378:Social contagion 1223:Bandwagon effect 1180:Authoritarianism 1044: 1043: 1026: 1019: 1012: 1003: 1002: 993: 977: 976: 974: 973: 959: 950: 941: 935: 925: 904: 903: 901: 900: 886: 875: 872: 866: 859: 853: 852: 834: 828: 827: 809: 803: 802: 784: 778: 777: 759: 753: 746: 745: 739: 733: 726: 725: 719: 713: 710: 704: 703: 695: 684: 510:Philo of Larissa 507: 503: 465:Philo of Larissa 433:Middle Platonism 395:(currently, the 338: 207:Philo of Larissa 190:were the Stoics 188:Greek philosophy 181: 180: 171: 170: 85: 82: 69:Romanian Revival 1762: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1691:Insubordination 1639:Culture jamming 1629:Cosmopolitanism 1590: 1559: 1530:Internalization 1489: 1451: 1211: 1202:Totalitarianism 1168: 1035: 1030: 986: 981: 980: 971: 969: 961: 960: 953: 942: 938: 926: 907: 898: 896: 888: 887: 878: 873: 869: 860: 856: 849: 835: 831: 824: 810: 806: 799: 785: 781: 774: 760: 756: 740: 736: 720: 716: 711: 707: 685: 681: 676: 634: 614: 600: 505: 501: 409: 376: 364: 358: 336: 325: 319: 272:Louis XVI style 259: 152: 117:Eclecticism in 83: 29:Charles Garnier 17: 12: 11: 5: 1760: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1634:Counterculture 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1600: 1598: 1596:Anticonformity 1592: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1555:Social reality 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1447:Untouchability 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1385: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1313:Milieu control 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1293:Indoctrination 1290: 1285: 1283:Herd mentality 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1217: 1216:Group pressure 1213: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1182: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1139: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1123: 1113: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1094:Cancel culture 1091: 1081: 1074: 1069: 1060: 1052: 1050: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1029: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1006: 1000: 999: 985: 984:External links 982: 979: 978: 951: 936: 934:, 13th Edition 905: 876: 867: 854: 847: 829: 822: 804: 797: 779: 772: 754: 734: 714: 705: 690:, ed. (1911). 688:Chisholm, Hugh 678: 677: 675: 672: 671: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 633: 630: 599: 596: 550:Zeno of Citium 408: 405: 375: 372: 357: 354: 321:Main article: 318: 315: 268:French Baroque 258: 255: 151: 148: 25:Palais Garnier 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1759: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1686:Individualism 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1525:Herd behavior 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1480:Control freak 1478: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1427:Socialization 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1343:Peer pressure 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1323:Normalization 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1248:Culture shock 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1104:Deplatforming 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1008: 1007: 1004: 997: 992: 988: 987: 968: 964: 958: 956: 948: 946: 940: 933: 929: 928:Eduard Zeller 924: 922: 920: 918: 916: 914: 912: 910: 895: 891: 885: 883: 881: 871: 864: 858: 850: 844: 840: 833: 825: 823:9780567032874 819: 815: 808: 800: 798:9781443827140 794: 790: 783: 775: 773:9781315822976 769: 765: 758: 751: 747: 738: 731: 727: 718: 709: 701: 700: 694: 689: 683: 679: 669: 666: 664: 663:Perspectivism 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 629: 627: 623: 619: 613: 609: 605: 595: 593: 592:Victor Cousin 589: 584: 582: 578: 574: 569: 567: 564:suffices for 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 500: 496: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 425: 417: 413: 404: 402: 398: 394: 393:New Testament 390: 389: 383: 381: 371: 369: 363: 353: 350: 344: 342: 335: 331: 330:neoclassicism 324: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 291:Anton Curagea 288: 284: 279: 273: 269: 263: 254: 252: 248: 242: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 201: 200:New Academics 197: 193: 189: 185: 175: 166: 161: 157: 156:ancient Greek 147: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 115: 113: 109: 108:psychologists 103: 100: 96: 89: 86:, that mixes 78: 74: 70: 65: 58: 54: 53:Neoclassicism 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 21: 1696:Pueblo clown 1681:Idiosyncrasy 1670: 1666:Eccentricity 1550:Social proof 1258:Echo chamber 1238:Collectivism 1228:Brainwashing 1159:Scapegoating 1142:Public enemy 1134: 1125: 1089:Blacklisting 1076: 1055: 1048:Proscription 970:. Retrieved 966: 943: 939: 931: 897:. Retrieved 893: 870: 862: 857: 838: 832: 813: 807: 788: 782: 763: 757: 749: 737: 729: 717: 708: 697: 682: 615: 585: 581:Neoplatonism 570: 493: 437:Roman Empire 427: 421: 386: 384: 377: 368:martial arts 365: 356:Martial arts 345: 326: 243: 209:. Among the 183: 173: 153: 143:assimilation 116: 104: 94: 93: 1716:Shock value 1671:Eclecticism 1564:Experiments 1185:Nationalism 1121:Civil death 1040:Enforcement 668:Polystylism 538:Peripatetic 526:New Academy 341:historicism 337: 1820 307:Renaissance 295:Ion Giurgea 289:, 1937, by 219:Peripatetic 112:behaviorism 95:Eclecticism 84: 1900 47:, Baroque, 45:Renaissance 1737:Metatheory 1731:Categories 1505:Compliance 1498:Conformity 1398:Hysterical 1388:Behavioral 1353:Propaganda 1338:Patriotism 1273:Groupthink 1099:Censorship 1078:Homo sacer 1033:Conformity 972:2017-05-03 899:2024-08-14 724:ἐκλεκτικός 674:References 618:psychology 602:See also: 598:Psychology 566:eudaimonia 504: – c. 502: 125 489:Simplicius 477:Aristocles 457:Posidonius 416:Posidonius 360:See also: 299:Romanesque 231:Skepticism 198:, and the 196:Posidonius 174:eklektikos 169:ἐκλεκτικός 135:syncretism 123:philosophy 88:Beaux-Arts 41:Versailles 1701:Rebellion 1659:Political 1540:Obedience 1410:Emotional 1383:Addiction 1127:Vogelfrei 1084:Ostracism 1067:Dissenter 1063:Dissident 622:cognition 554:Aristotle 534:dogmatism 518:Platonism 428:Eclectics 374:Philology 349:Mannerism 283:Bucharest 203:Carneades 192:Panaetius 73:Bucharest 37:Louis XIV 1706:Red team 1644:Deviance 1164:Shunning 744:ἐκλεκτός 658:Pastiche 632:See also 485:Porphyry 449:Boethius 388:a priori 270:and the 251:absolute 184:eklektos 179:ἐκλεκτός 139:religion 131:religion 127:politics 99:paradigm 1654:Dissent 1437:Teasing 1403:Suicide 1318:Mobbing 1111:Outcast 524:of the 461:Demonax 287:Romania 77:Romania 33:Baroque 1711:Satire 1676:Hermit 1278:Hazing 1116:Outlaw 865:, 1975 845:  820:  795:  770:  626:psyche 610:, and 562:virtue 556:, and 546:ethics 540:, and 514:Cicero 426:, the 303:Gothic 215:Cicero 211:Romans 150:Origin 129:, and 119:ethics 67:Early 49:Rococo 1393:Crime 1253:Dogma 1072:Exile 573:Plato 558:Plato 542:Stoic 366:Some 257:Usage 235:Varro 223:Stoic 165:Greek 27:, by 843:ISBN 818:ISBN 793:ISBN 768:ISBN 487:and 305:and 293:and 237:and 205:and 194:and 158:and 624:or 586:In 491:. 422:In 378:In 39:'s 1733:: 1065:/ 965:. 954:^ 930:, 908:^ 892:. 879:^ 696:. 606:, 590:, 583:. 552:, 499:c. 483:, 479:, 475:, 471:, 467:, 463:, 455:, 451:, 447:, 343:. 334:c. 301:, 285:, 241:. 221:, 213:, 125:, 121:, 81:c. 75:, 51:, 1025:e 1018:t 1011:v 975:. 902:. 851:. 826:. 801:. 776:. 497:( 332:( 182:( 172:( 59:.

Index


Palais Garnier
Charles Garnier
Baroque
Louis XIV
Versailles
Renaissance
Rococo
Neoclassicism
eclecticism in architecture

Romanian Revival
Bucharest
Romania
Beaux-Arts
paradigm
psychologists
behaviorism
ethics
philosophy
politics
religion
syncretism
religion
assimilation
ancient Greek
Roman philosophers
Greek
Greek philosophy
Panaetius

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