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previously only seen in the aristocratic architecture of
European countries such as Britain and France, contributing to a richer sense of culture and history within the USA. In the case of Hunt and many other eclectic architects, his 'typically eclectic viewpoint' enabled him to make stylistic choices based on whatever suited the particular project or the client. This flexibility to adapt, and to blend freely between styles gave eclectic designers more appeal to clients.
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471:, trained students in a rigorous and academic manner, equipping them with skills and professional prestige. Teachers at the École were some of the leading architects in France, and this new method of teaching was so successful, that it attracted students from across the globe. Many of the graduates went on to become pioneers of the movement, and used their
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At a similar time, such vessels were being used to transport colonists to undeveloped areas of the world. The colonisation of such areas, further spread the
Eclectic architecture of the western world, as newly settled colonists built structures commonly featuring Roman classicism and Gothic motifs.
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and other large public spaces such as churches, courthouses, city halls, public libraries and movie theatres, meant that eclectic design was no longer only for members of high-society, but was also accessible to the general public. While some of these buildings have since been demolished (including
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Whilst the practise of this style of architecture was widespread (and could be seen in many town halls constructed at the time), eclecticism in Europe did not achieve the same level of enthusiasm that was seen in
America – as it was assumed that the presence of old, authentic architecture, reduced
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Eclecticist architecture came into practice during the late 19th century, as architects sought a style that would allow them to retain previous historic precedent, but create unseen designs. From a complete catalogue of past styles, the ability to mix and combine styles allowed for more expressive
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approach back from Europe, which was said to be the cornerstone of eclectic architecture in North
America. At a time of increasing prosperity and commercial pride, many eclectic buildings were commissioned in large cities around the USA. The style thrived, as it introduced historical features,
694:. Publishing the lavish interiors of these magnificent homes helped to spread the eclectic style to the middle classes, and less extravagant imitations or the incorporation of similar decorative elements became a desirable feature in domestic decoration.
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and historical styles are loosely described as "eclectic" though references to eclectic architecture within literature and media are usually about buildings constructed within the eclectic movement of the late 19th-early 20th century period.
530:(which at the time were the primary form of overseas transport). The lavish interiors were crafted with a mix of traditional styles—in an attempt to ease the discomfort of months abroad and to create the illusion of established grandeur.
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The rise in eclectic architecture created a need for interior specialists who had the skill, understanding and knowledge of past historical styles, to produce suitable accompanying interiors. This resulted in the emergence of
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As a style that offered so much creative freedom, and no guiding rules, the risk of creating an unsuccessful design was apparent to all. Projects that failed to harmoniously blend the different styles were subject to
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motifs and forms found in the natural world, resulting in a structure that was distinctive and original. Although it was designed during the peak of the eclectic period (1883–1926), it remains under construction
305:
643:. Despite the move away from eclecticism, the era still remains historically significant as it "re-opened the doors to innovation and new forms" for architecture in the following years.
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219:, especially in churches, was most likely to strive for a relatively "pure" revival style from a particular medieval period and region, while other revived styles such as
672:. Whilst the clientele of these early designers consisted exclusively of wealthy families and businesses, the works of such decorators were regularly featured in popular
196:, these elements may include structural features, furniture, decorative motives, distinct historical ornament, traditional cultural motifs or styles from other
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began to decline in the 1930s and eclecticism was phased out in the curriculums of design schools, in favour of a new style. The shift towards
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557:, to essentially Western forms of public buildings and palaces, was an inherently eclectic style. Most of the architects were British.
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Eclectic building. Street
Alfonso VIII. Burgos, Spain (1922). Note the mix of neogothic with art nouveau and neoclassical styles
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as a regarded profession. Prominent interior designers in this era (between the late 19th and early 20th century) include
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To a lesser extent, Eclecticism appeared across Asia, as
Japanese and Chinese architects who had trained at American
215:, and each building might be mostly or entirely consistent within the style selected, or itself an eclectic mixture.
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295:') aimed to meticulously imitate past styles, Eclecticism differed, as the main driving force was creation, not
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518:), projects that remain from this era are still valued as some of the most important structures in the USA.
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The end of the 19th century saw a profound shift in North
American Architecture. Architects educated at the
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freedom and provided an endless source of inspiration. Whilst other design professionals (referred to as '
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influenced schools, returned to produce eclectic designs across Asia such as the Bank of Japan (1895) by
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in a variety of styles according to the wishes of their clients, or their own. The styles were typically
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454:), in response to the growing push amongst architects to have more expressive freedom over their work.
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200:, with the mixture usually chosen based on its suitability to the project and overall aesthetic value.
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333:, Ukraine, built 1910–1913, blending elements of neo-Gothic and modern twentieth century architecture
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Eclectic architecture first appeared across continental Europe in various countries such as France (
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and the new technology and materials being produced at the time allowed for greater
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of elements from previous historical styles to create something that is new and
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the original
Pennsylvania station and the first Madison Square garden—both in
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Some of the most extreme examples of eclectic design could be seen onboard
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The term is also used of the many architects of the 19th and early
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from professionals (particularly those who opposed the movement).
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In contemporary society, styles that draw from many different
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preferences varied from region to region across
America, with
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857:. 3rd ed. London: Laurence King Publishing. pp. 305–327.
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Hamlin, T, 1952. "The Rise of
Eclecticism in New York."
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and many others were likely to be treated more freely.
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and there was a desire for the designs to be original.
884:. 20th ed. London: Architectural Press. pp. 1483–1484.
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the appeal of historical imitation in new buildings.
475:training as a foundation for new eclectic designs.
314:, France, 1891, elements of Romanesque, classical (
247:
Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
895:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
825:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
811:. 1st ed. New York: Leonard Hill Books. pp. 17–27.
882:Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
924:
784:Ottoman architecture in the 19th–20th centuries
809:European Architecture in the Twentieth Century
176:in which a single piece of work incorporates
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633:was significant as it was seen by many as
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
893:Meeks, C, 1953. "Creative Eclecticism."
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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547:Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture
389:Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture
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499:were responsible for bringing the
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145:in architecture. Elements of the
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355:Queen Anne Revival architecture
331:Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka
34:needs additional citations for
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708:American Colonial architecture
1:
868:"Eclecticism in architecture"
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604:Spanish colonial architecture
318:), "Moorish" and other styles
58:"Eclecticism in architecture"
855:A History of Interior Design
393:Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
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217:Gothic Revival architecture
167:Eclecticism in architecture
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609:Enthusiasm for historical
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277:(1900–12), UK, in a quasi-
779:Neo-eclectic architecture
702:styles being favoured in
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275:University of Birmingham
141:is a notable example of
747:William Rutherford Mead
742:Alexander Jackson Davis
442:Beaux-Arts architecture
207:centuries who designed
880:Cruickshank, D, 1996.
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446:Victorian architecture
401:Arthur Benison Hubback
370:Palácio das Indústrias
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938:Architectural styles
919:at Wikimedia Commons
897:, 12 (4), pp. 15–18.
718:Contemporary context
664:, Nancy McClelland,
497:Charles Follen McKim
489:École des Beaux-Arts
460:École des Beaux-Arts
43:improve this article
807:Whittick, A, 1974.
752:Richard Norman Shaw
731:Eclectic architects
691:Ladies Home Journal
600:Norman architecture
584:Mar del Plata style
555:Mughal architecture
551:Indian architecture
493:Richard Morris Hunt
255:Chernivtsi, Ukraine
174:architectural style
169:is a 19th and 20th
16:Architectural style
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769:Eclecticism in art
706:, and elements of
631:Streamline Moderne
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561:Critical reception
491:in Paris, such as
353:in a style called
351:Eureka, California
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915:Media related to
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259:Brick Gothic
251:Josef Hlávka
221:Neoclassical
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147:Gothic style
139:Antoni GaudĂ
137:designed by
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
712:New England
636:avant-garde
511:skyscrapers
451:GrĂĽnderzeit
418:style with
293:revivalists
178:eclecticism
151:Art Nouveau
143:eclecticism
927:Categories
790:References
704:California
688:, and the
641:innovation
539:Beaux-Arts
502:beaux-arts
473:Beaux-Arts
422:elements:
271:Aston Webb
237:Romanesque
233:Jacobethan
213:revivalist
69:newspapers
696:Aesthetic
623:Brutalism
611:imitation
592:Argentina
586:house in
568:criticism
553:, mostly
420:Angkorian
374:SĂŁo Paulo
297:nostalgia
279:Byzantine
209:buildings
198:countries
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763:See also
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676:such as
627:Art Deco
397:Malaysia
376:, Brazil
253:, 1882,
186:original
127:Basilica
99:May 2022
700:Spanish
596:cottage
574:Decline
469:schools
286:History
225:Baroque
182:mixture
171:century
129:of the
83:scholar
602:, and
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436:Europe
403:, 1910
316:guttae
281:style.
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