1124:
1247:
998:
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1106:
602:
56:
704:
1311:
1377:
460:
549:
335:, have charged that the reduction in autopsies is negatively affecting the care delivered in hospitals, because when mistakes result in death, they are often not investigated and lessons, therefore, remain unlearned. When a person has permitted an autopsy in advance of their death, autopsies may also be carried out for the purposes of teaching or medical research. An autopsy is usually performed in cases of sudden death, where a doctor is not able to write a death certificate, or when death is believed to result from an
1026:
1478:
4703:
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648:) which produce radiographic images in order to determine the cause of death, the nature, and the manner of death, without dissecting the deceased. It can also be used in the identification of the deceased. This method is helpful in determining the questions pertaining to an autopsy without putting the examiner at risk of biohazardous materials that can be in an individual's body.
850:, Scotland, France, Germany, Russia, and Canada, an autopsy may comprise an external examination only. This concept is sometimes termed a "view and grant". The principle behind this is that the medical records, history of the deceased and circumstances of death have all indicated as to the cause and manner of death without the need for an internal examination.
578:, can be classified as a poison) and their quantity. Because post-mortem deterioration of the body, together with the gravitational pooling of bodily fluids, will necessarily alter the bodily environment, toxicology tests may overestimate, rather than underestimate, the quantity of the suspected chemical.
1084:
all organs and tissue must be returned to the body unless permission is given by the family to retain any tissue for further investigation. Normally the internal body cavity is lined with cotton, wool, or a similar material, and the organs are then placed into a plastic bag to prevent leakage and are
953:
technique of
Letulle whereby all the organs are removed as one large mass. The second is the en bloc method of Ghon. The most popular in the UK is a modified version of this method, which is divided into four groups of organs. Although these are the two predominant evisceration techniques, in the UK
230:
may be a criminal matter, while a clinical or academic autopsy is performed to find the medical cause of death and is used in cases of unknown or uncertain death, or for research purposes. Autopsies can be further classified into cases where an external examination suffices, and those where the body
984:
Most pathologists, however, prefer the organs to be removed all in one "block". Using dissection of the fascia, blunt dissection; using the fingers or hands and traction; the organs are dissected out in one piece for further inspection and sampling. During autopsies of infants, this method is used
630:
Academic autopsies are performed by students of anatomy for the purpose of study, giving medical students and residents firsthand experience viewing anatomy and pathology. Postmortem examinations require the skill to connect anatomic and clinical pathology together since they involve organ systems
1050:
in two flaps with the front flap going over the face and the rear flap over the back of the neck. The skull is then cut with a circular (or semicircular) bladed reciprocating saw to create a "cap" that can be pulled off, exposing the brain. The brain is then observed in situ. Then the brain's
613:
processes and determine what factors contributed to a patient's death. For example, material for infectious disease testing can be collected during an autopsy. Autopsies are also performed to ensure the standard of care at hospitals. Autopsies can yield insight into how patient deaths can be
569:
Medical examiners attempt to determine the time of death, the exact cause of death, and what, if anything, preceded the death, such as a struggle. A forensic autopsy may include obtaining biological specimens from the deceased for toxicological testing, including stomach contents.
410:
of studies of the autopsy calculated that in about 25% of autopsies, a major diagnostic error will be revealed. However, this rate has decreased over time and the study projects that in a contemporary US institution, 8.4% to 24.4% of autopsies will detect major diagnostic errors.
1329:
Autopsies that opened the body to determine the cause of death were attested at least in the early third millennium BCE, although they were opposed in many ancient societies where it was believed that the outward disfigurement of dead persons prevented them from entering the
617:
Within the United
Kingdom, clinical autopsies can be carried out only with the consent of the family of the deceased person, as opposed to a medico-legal autopsy instructed by a Coroner (England & Wales) or Procurator Fiscal (Scotland), to which the family cannot object.
1416:. In Europe they were done with enough regularity to become skilled, as early as 1200, and successful efforts to preserve the body, by filling the veins with wax and metals. Until the 20th century, it was thought that the modern autopsy process derived from the
993:
and intestinal contents are examined and weighed. This could be useful to find the cause and time of death, due to the natural passage of food through the bowel during digestion. The more area empty, the longer the deceased had gone without a meal before death.
450:
as a cause of class I errors. While patients with abdominal pathologic conditions generally complained of abdominal pain, results of an examination of the abdomen were considered unremarkable in most patients, and the symptom was not pursued".
1038:, an incision is made from behind one ear, over the crown of the head, to a point behind the other ear. When the autopsy is completed, the incision can be neatly sewn up and is not noticed when the head is resting on a pillow in an open casket
1443:
conducted a public dissection of the body of a former criminal. He asserted and articulated the bones, this became the world's oldest surviving anatomical preparation. It is still displayed at the
Anatomical Museum at the University of Basel.
1246:
492:
seek to find the cause and manner of death and to identify the decedent. They are generally performed, as prescribed by applicable law, in cases of violent, suspicious or sudden deaths, deaths without medical assistance, or during surgical
1273:
781:. The examiner then notes the kind of clothes - if any - and their position on the body before they are removed. Next, any evidence such as residue, flakes of paint, or other material is collected from the external surfaces of the body.
946:
are exposed. Usually, the organs are removed in a systematic fashion. Making a decision as to what order the organs are to be removed will depend highly on the case in question. Organs can be removed in several ways: The first is the
900:
There is no need for any incision to be made, which will be visible after completion of the examination when the deceased is dressed in a shroud. In all of the above cases, the incision then extends all the way down to the
926:
At this point, shears are used to open the chest cavity. The examiner uses the tool to cut through the ribs on the costal cartilage, to allow the sternum to be removed; this is done so that the heart and lungs can be seen
1072:
An important component of the autopsy is the reconstitution of the body such that it can be viewed, if desired, by relatives of the deceased following the procedure. After the examination, the body has an open and empty
777:. In the UK this role is performed by an Anatomical Pathology Technician (APT), who will also assist the pathologist in eviscerating the body and reconstruction after the autopsy. After the body is received, it is first
639:
Virtual autopsies are performed using radiographic techniques which can be used in post-mortem examinations for a deceased individual. It is an alternative to medical autopsies, where radiographs are used, for example,
1462:, in response to a lack of standardization of autopsy procedures, established and published specific autopsy protocols (one such protocol still bears his name). He also developed the concept of pathological processes.
1029:
Autopsy of a brain after sectioning, showing a normal brain with the cerebrum cut in coronal sections, and the cerebellum, pons and medulla cut in horizontal sections. Standard sections for microscopic examination are
2913: – An interactive exploration of a murder scene and the science involved in a criminalistic investigation: autopsy and laboratory expertise. Produced by the Montreal Science Centre for its namesake exhibition.
621:
Over time, autopsies have not only been able to determine the cause of death, but have also led to discoveries of various diseases such as fetal alcohol syndrome, Legionnaire's disease, and even viral hepatitis.
1055:
are severed, and the brain is lifted out of the skull for further examination. If the brain needs to be preserved before being inspected, it is contained in a large container of formalin (15 percent solution of
422:
are incorrect and that half of the autopsies performed produced findings that were not suspected before the person died. Also, it is thought that over one-fifth of unexpected findings can only be diagnosed
858:
If not already in place, a plastic or rubber brick called a "head block" is placed under the shoulders of the corpse; hyperflexion of the neck makes the spine arch backward while stretching and pushing the
1505:
to come to a diagnosis. A necropsy is mostly used like an autopsy to determine the cause of death. The entire body is examined at the gross visual level, and samples are collected for additional analyses.
438:
One study found that (out of 694 diagnoses) "Autopsies revealed 171 missed diagnoses, including 21 cancers, 12 strokes, 11 myocardial infarctions, 10 pulmonary emboli, and 9 endocarditis, among others".
667:
The rate of consented (hospital) autopsy in the UK and worldwide has declined rapidly over the past 50 years. In the UK in 2013, only 0.7% of inpatient adult deaths were followed by consented autopsy.
896:
a U-shaped incision is made at the tip of both shoulders, down along the side of the chest to the bottom of the rib cage, following it. This is typically used on women and during chest-only autopsies.
1469:
created the Office of the
Forensic Pathologist, a medical examiner trained in medicine, charged with investigating the cause of all unnatural deaths, including accidents, homicides, suicides, etc.
890:
a curved incision made from the tips of each shoulder, in a semi-circular line across the chest/decolletage, to approximately the level of the second rib, curving back up to the opposite shoulder.
919:
at this point, related directly to the complete lack of cardiac functionality. However, in certain cases, there is anecdotal evidence that bleeding can be quite profuse, especially in cases of
1729:
1077:
with chest flaps open on both sides; the top of the skull is missing, and the skull flaps are pulled over the face and neck. It is unusual to examine the face, arms, hands or legs internally.
631:
and interruptions from ante-mortem and post-mortem. These academic autopsies allow for students to practice and develop skills in pathology and become meticulous in later case examinations.
1501:. For many species that exhibit few external symptoms (sheep), or that are not suited to detailed clinical examination (poultry, cage birds, zoo animals), it is a common method used by
2483:
Pollock DA, O'Neil JM, Parrish RG, Combs DL, Annest JL (1993). "Temporal and geographic trends in the autopsy frequency of blunt and penetrating trauma deaths in the United States".
1354:
by rival senators, the physician's report noting that the second stab wound Caesar received was the fatal one. Julius Caesar had been stabbed a total of 23 times. By around 150 BCE,
935: – is not damaged or disturbed from opening. A PM 40 knife is used to remove the sternum from the soft tissue that attaches it to the mediastinum. Now the
973:. This method leaves the aortic arch intact, which will make things easier for the embalmer. The left lung is then easily accessible and can be removed by cutting the
674:
is below 5% and thus much lower than in other countries in Europe. The governmental reimbursement is hardly sufficient to cover all the costs, so the medical journal
1880:
Roulson J, Benbow EW, Hasleton PS (2005). "Discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnosis and the value of post mortem histology; a meta-analysis and review".
1064:) for at least two, but preferably four weeks. This not only preserves the brain, but also makes it firmer, allowing easier handling without corrupting the tissue.
1085:
returned to the body cavity. The chest flaps are then closed and sewn back together and the skull cap is sewed back in place. Then the body may be wrapped in a
883:
a large and deep Y-shaped incision can be made starting at the top of each shoulder and running down the front of the chest, meeting at the lower point of the
1408:
The dissection of human remains for medical or scientific reasons continued to be practiced irregularly after the Romans, for instance by the Arab physicians
383:
in the United States generally guide families on how to ensure that an unnecessary autopsy is not made. Autopsies are used in clinical medicine to identify a
435:
or autopsy, and that approximately one-quarter of unexpected findings, or 5% of all findings, are major and can similarly only be diagnosed from tissue.
981:. The right lung can then be similarly removed. The abdominal organs can be removed one by one after first examining their relationships and vessels.
695:
In the United States, autopsy rates fell from 17% in 1980 to 14% in 1985 and 11.5% in 1989, although the figures vary notably from county to county.
2644:
2596:"Inspectorate of Prosecution in Scotland – Death Cases: A Thematic Report on Liaison in Death Cases with Particular Reference to Organ Retention"
1123:
1845:
Shojania KG, Burton EC, McDonald KM, Goldman L (2003). "Changes in rates of autopsy-detected diagnostic errors over time: a systematic review".
235:
may be required for internal autopsy in some cases. Once an internal autopsy is complete, the body is reconstituted by sewing it back together.
4360:
186:
Autopsies are performed for either legal or medical purposes. Autopsies can be performed when any of the following information is desired:
1966:"Treatable abdominal pathologic conditions and unsuspected malignant neoplasms at autopsy in veterans who received mechanical ventilation"
1322:
were one of the first civilizations to practice the removal and examination of the internal organs of humans in the religious practice of
446:
patients, one study found "abdominal pathologic conditions – abscesses, bowel perforations, or infarction – were as frequent as
965:
is opened in order to search for a blood clot. The heart can then be removed by cutting the inferior vena cava, the pulmonary veins, the
4676:
2522:
2456:
949:
2369:
323:
the number of autopsies performed in hospitals has been decreasing every year since 1955. Critics, including pathologist and former
2043:
Roberts IS, Benamore RE, Benbow EW, Lee SH, Harris JN, Jackson A, Mallett S, Patankar T, Peebles C, Roobottom C, Traill ZC (2012).
957:
One method is described here: The pericardial sac is opened to view the heart. Blood for chemical analysis may be removed from the
399:(heart attack) as a cause of death found significant errors of omission and commission, i.e. a sizable number of cases ascribed to
3692:
722:
from that body is contained within the bag. Evidence sheets are an alternative way to transport the body. An evidence sheet is a
61:
985:
almost all of the time. The various organs are examined, weighed and tissue samples in the form of slices are taken. Even major
726:
sheet that covers the body when it is moved. If it is believed there may be any significant evidence on the hands, for example,
879:
or other indications of the cause of death. For the internal examination there are a number of different approaches available:
684:, makes the effort to raise awareness regarding the underfinancing of autopsies. The same sources stated that autopsy rates in
3753:
3717:
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2465:
2362:
2027:
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2830:"Examination of Scientific Revolution Medicine on the Human Body / Bilimsel Devrim Tıbbını İnsan Bedeni Üzerinden İncelemek"
507:
are performed to diagnose a particular disease or for research purposes. They aim to determine, clarify, or confirm medical
3687:
2908:
905:(making a deviation to either side of the navel) and avoiding, where possible, transecting any scars that may be present.
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from the choices proscribed by the fact-finder's jurisdiction and will detail the evidence on the mechanism of the death.
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2943:
539:
are performed utilizing imaging technology only, primarily magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
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3254:
2793:
2435:
2544:
4737:
3697:
2710:
2252:
Wichmann D, Obbelode F, Vogel H, Hoepker WW, Nierhaus A, Braune S, Sauter G, Pueschel K, Kluge S (17 January 2012).
3222:
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present are examined. The body is then cleaned, weighed, and measured in preparation for the internal examination.
170:. Only a small portion of deaths require an autopsy to be performed, under certain circumstances. In most cases, a
2569:
4225:
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1089:, and it is common for relatives to not be able to tell the procedure has been done when the body is viewed in a
1034:
The body block that was used earlier to elevate the chest cavity is now used to elevate the head. To examine the
1754:
997:
785:
light may also be used to search body surfaces for any evidence not easily visible to the naked eye. Samples of
1530:
1401:, discussing the subject in an extensive article, believes him to be among the early supporters of autopsy and
1351:
1334:(as with the Egyptians, who removed the organs through tiny slits in the body). Notable Greek autopsists were
939:
and the heart are exposed. The sternum is set aside and will eventually be replaced at the end of the autopsy.
2847:
2253:
351:) and do not require the consent of relatives of the deceased. The most extreme example is the examination of
4742:
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Histopathology at high magnification of a normal neuron, and an ischemic stroke at approximately 24 hours on
661:
657:
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867:. After this is done, the internal examination begins. The internal examination consists of inspecting the
723:
31:
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3707:
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2754:
2728:
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victims, especially when medical examiners are looking for signs of death or the murder method, such as
2648:
2045:"Post-mortem imaging as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of adult deaths: A validation study"
1425:
1105:
681:
641:
601:
2308:
4074:
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At many institutions, the person responsible for handling, cleaning, and moving the body is called a
660:. Of those, 115,800 (22.5% of all deaths) resulted in post-mortem examinations and there were 28,300
575:
55:
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may be able to establish the time taken from the onset of cerebral infarction to the time of death.
737:
There are two parts to the physical examination of the body: the external and internal examination.
85:
38:
17:
1358:
legal practice had established clear parameters for autopsies. The greatest ancient anatomist was
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Pathologist performing a human dissection of the abdominal and thoracic organs in an autopsy room
1923:
Combes A, Mokhtari M, Couvelard A, Trouillet JL, Baudot J, Hénin D, Gibert C, Chastre J (2004).
863:
upward to make it easier to incise. This gives the APT, or pathologist, maximum exposure to the
797:. Once the external evidence is collected, the body is removed from the bag, undressed, and any
676:
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where one examines the patient, looks at the (medical) history and gets a try at the diagnosis.
2307:
Filograna L, Pugliese L, Muto M, Tatulli D, Guglielmi G, Thali MJ, Floris R (1 February 2019).
464:
2667:
Schafer ED (2008). "Ancient science and forensics". In Ayn Embar-seddon, Allan D. Pass (ed.).
2019:
1588:
1579:
Rothenberg K (2008). "The
Autopsy Through History". In Ayn Embar-seddon, Allan D. Pass (ed.).
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involves the application of the sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system.
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2254:"Virtual Autopsy as an Alternative to Traditional Medical Autopsy in the Intensive Care Unit"
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400:
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2011:
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1502:
1429:
204:
136:
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The body is received at a medical examiner's office, municipal mortuary, or hospital in a
609:
Clinical autopsies serve two major purposes. They are performed to gain more insight into
8:
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1802:
Ravakhah K (2006). "Death certificates are not reliable: revivification of the autopsy".
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usually discourage the performing of autopsies on their adherents. Organizations such as
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219:
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1985:
1946:
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75:
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2012:
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tests may reveal the presence of one or more chemical "poisons" (all chemicals, in
563:
340:
171:
2403:
1655:
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Cavitation at gross pathology of an old stroke in the left posterior parietal lobe
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a single vertical incision is made from the sternal notch at the base of the neck.
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2613:
Mărgăritescu O, Mogoantă L, Pirici I, Pirici D, Cernea D, Mărgăritescu C (2009).
2373:
1684:"Stories and Legends. A First Greek Reader, with Notes, Vocabulary and Exercises"
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734:, a separate paper sack is put around each hand and taped shut around the wrist.
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91:
2705:. Handbook of Death and Dying. California: Sage Publications, Inc, 2003. Print.
1925:"Clinical and autopsy diagnoses in the intensive care unit: a prospective study"
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1965:
1941:
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916:
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In 2004 in
England and Wales, there were 514,000 deaths, of which 225,500 were
325:
308:
292:
227:
4163:
2221:
2204:
1120:
Various microscopic findings are present at times from infarction as follows:
560:
A forensic autopsy is used to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death.
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dissection tables are similar to those used in medical or forensic autopsies.
415:
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or a standard examination form is normally used to record this information.
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or evidence sheet. A new body bag is used for each body to ensure that only
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2010:
Strasser RS (2008). "Autopsies". In Ayn Embar-seddon, Allan D. Pass (ed.).
1981:
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1135:. There is slight edema and loss of normal architecture in the surrounding
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902:
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315:, the state of health of the person before he or she died, and whether any
2504:
1989:
1792:
Michael Tsokos, "Die
Klaviatur des Todes", Knaur, Munich, 2013, pp. 179–89
1455:
began to undertake dissections as a means to improve diagnostic medicine.
387:
or a previously unnoticed condition that may endanger the living, such as
264:, "sight, view"). The word has been in use since around the 17th century.
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1402:
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232:
166:
Autopsies are usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a
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is dissected and an internal examination is conducted. Permission from
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Barton L, Duval E, Stroberg E, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S (April 2020).
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1131:: The neurons become hypereosinophilic and there is an infiltrate of
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167:
66:
4230:
2829:
1699:
1346:, but in general, autopsies were rare in ancient Greece. In 44 BCE,
159:
that may be present for research or educational purposes. The term
101:
4627:
4597:
4148:
4136:
4069:
3897:
3566:
3533:
3419:
3399:
3334:
3129:
3090:
3075:
2998:
2976:
2851:
2850:. University Animal Care, The University of Arizona. Archived from
2156:"Post-mortem examination in the United Kingdom: present and future"
1545:
1498:
1409:
1136:
974:
920:
908:
719:
715:
582:
380:
132:
1436:(The Seats and Causes of Diseases Investigated by Anatomy, 1769).
4664:
4304:
4271:
4116:
4064:
3825:
3763:
3456:
3172:
3152:
3029:
2966:
2916:
2877:
2385:
1417:
1039:
1006:
990:
928:
912:
884:
707:
689:
671:
645:
586:
368:
344:
329:
175:
152:
140:
37:
This article is about the medical procedure. For other uses, see
2612:
1922:
4617:
4314:
4084:
3952:
3876:
3518:
1114:
1086:
860:
836:
766:
685:
432:
364:
356:
352:
156:
2759:
Pensamiento. Revista de
Investigación e Información Filosófica
2436:"Leichenschau: Gefahr durch Unterfinanzierung von Bernd Thode"
1755:"Do you need an autopsy for a wrongful death case in Georgia?"
911:
from the cuts is minimal, or non-existent because the pull of
4200:
4180:
4121:
3919:
3376:
2570:"MEDICO-LEGAL SYSTEMS IN EUROPE | Office of Justice Programs"
2482:
1844:
1482:
1359:
1323:
1061:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1018:
966:
864:
832:
798:
794:
525:
are performed by students of anatomy for study purposes only.
372:
273:
148:
2921:
2306:
2251:
511:
that remained unknown or unclear before the patient's death.
339:. These examinations are performed under a legal authority (
2461:
Current Trends
Autopsy Frequency – United States, 1980–1985
1963:
936:
825:
786:
403:
were not MIs and a significant number of non-MIs were MIs.
376:
2309:"A Practical Guide to Virtual Autopsy: Why, When and How"
809:
3345:
2729:"Grotesque Mummy Head Reveals Advanced Medieval Science"
2102:
2042:
961:
or the pulmonary veins. Before removing the heart, the
226:
For example, a forensic autopsy is carried out when the
931:
and that the heart – in particular, the
2917:
Autopsy checklist and reporting template at
Patholines
307:
The principal aims of an autopsy are to determine the
2593:
2485:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
1970:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
1964:
Papadakis MA, Mangione CM, Lee KK, Kristof M (1991).
1879:
1847:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
319:
and treatment before death were appropriate. In most
2698:
2696:
2615:"Histopathological changes in acute ischemic stroke"
1434:
De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomen Indagatis
1369:), whose findings would not be challenged until the
989:
are cut open and inspected at this stage. Next, the
2386:Turnbull A.J., Osborn M., Nicholas N. (June 2015).
793:, and the like are taken, and the body may also be
30:"Post-mortem" redirects here. For other uses, see
2722:
2720:
2718:
2693:
1612:Clark MJ (2005). "Historical Keyword "autopsy"".
1393:has elaborated on autopsy in his treatise called
753:often supplement these and frequently assist the
4729:
2755:"Concept of sciart in the Andalusian Ibn Tufail"
1432:, wrote the first exhaustive work on pathology,
2834:The Legends Journal of European History Studies
2209:Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
2202:
1730:"Necropsy - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
151:; or the exam may be performed to evaluate any
2715:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
3361:
2937:
2662:
2660:
2658:
1350:was the subject of an official autopsy after
1067:
804:A general description of the body as regards
581:Following an in-depth examination of all the
2606:
1916:
1838:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1013:(white). Underneath the dura mater are the
256:, "to see for oneself", derived from αὐτός (
147:to determine the cause, mode, and manner of
2450:
1996:
1957:
1681:
1472:
757:in assigning the cause or causes of death.
196:Determine if death was natural or unnatural
3368:
3354:
2944:
2930:
2655:
2523:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2457:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2388:"Hospital Autopsy: endangered or extinct?"
1801:
1578:
418:suggested that approximately one-third of
283:, 'death'. It was first recorded in 1734.
181:
54:
3390:
2770:
2411:
2220:
2203:Krywanczyk A, Mount S (1 February 2018).
2179:
2130:
2120:
2096:
2068:
1940:
1563:
1465:During the turn of the 20th century, the
1428:(1682–1771), celebrated as the father of
1021:and have multiple small hemorrhagic foci.
163:is generally used for non-human animals.
2752:
2009:
1611:
1476:
1375:
1309:
1122:
1104:
1024:
996:
702:
600:
547:
458:
291:The term "necropsy" is derived from the
272:The term "post-mortem" derives from the
2666:
2438:(in German). Deutsches Ärzteblatt. 2019
2270:10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00008
1001:A brain autopsy demonstrating signs of
853:
760:
62:The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
14:
4730:
2726:
2109:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
1051:connections to the cranial nerves and
471:There are four main types of autopsy:
199:Injury source and extent on the corpse
135:procedure that consists of a thorough
3718:List of ways people dishonor the dead
3349:
2925:
2827:
2466:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2367:Coroners Service Reform Briefing Note
2363:Department for Constitutional Affairs
2153:
1481:A field post-mortem exam of a female
820:, and other distinguishing features (
2891: – a detailed description by a
2519:"Products – Data Briefs – Number 67"
2205:"In Defense of the Academic Autopsy"
1458:The 19th-century medical researcher
954:variations on these are widespread.
248:The term "autopsy" derives from the
2355:
2105:"COVID-19 autopsies, Oklahoma, USA"
1779:Elizabeth C Burton, Kim A Collins.
1648:
1290:in a person that has had a stroke.
625:
596:
543:
209:Determining the deceased's identity
24:
3723:List of ways people honor the dead
3255:Fluorescence in situ hybridization
2594:St Andrew's House (18 July 2007).
2313:Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
1816:10.1097/01.smj.0000224337.77074.57
1783:, EMedicine. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
634:
178:can determine the cause of death.
25:
4769:
3754:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
2870:
1186:Spongiosis of surrounding tissue
359:wounds and exit points, signs of
4711:
4702:
4701:
3223:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
2876:
2796:, Britannica Online Encyclopedia
2497:10.1001/jama.1993.03500120063027
1894:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02243.x
1272:
1245:
4712:
2840:
2821:
2799:
2787:
2772:10.14422/pen.v75.i283.y2019.031
2746:
2637:
2587:
2562:
2537:
2511:
2476:
2428:
2379:
2300:
2245:
2196:
2147:
2085:
2036:
1873:
1342:, who lived in 3rd century BCE
1259:, a finding seen in strokes on
1257:cortical pseudolaminar necrosis
1218:Mononuclear inflammatory cells
644:(MRI) and Computed tomography (
27:Medical examination of a corpse
2895:complete with cartoon figures.
2807:"The Fabric of the human body"
2092:Mahoney Criminal Defense Group
1795:
1786:
1773:
1747:
1722:
1675:
1605:
1531:Forensic facial reconstruction
1489:A post-mortem examination, or
1170:Other acute neuronal injuries
969:and pulmonary artery, and the
267:
218:If it is an infant, determine
13:
1:
3774:Maternal mortality in fiction
2951:
2404:10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202700
2392:Journal of Clinical Pathology
2061:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61483-9
1929:Archives of Internal Medicine
1626:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67715-X
1556:
1373:over a thousand years later.
1363:
1162:Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
651:
3688:Expressions related to death
3641:Medical declaration of death
2160:National Library of Medicine
1682:Hirst GM, Colson FH (1929).
1453:Second Vienna Medical School
1194:Astrogliosis (gemistocytes)
1100:
1009:(center) are retracting the
401:myocardial infarctions (MIs)
238:
32:Post-mortem (disambiguation)
7:
3708:Preventable causes of death
2828:Küskü EA (1 January 2022).
2258:Annals of Internal Medicine
1661:Online Etymology Dictionary
1509:
1314:Dissection, 19th century US
1154:Eosinophilic (red) neurons
367:. Some religions including
286:
10:
4774:
2325:10.1053/j.sult.2018.10.011
1942:10.1001/archinte.164.4.389
1426:Giovanni Battista Morgagni
1303:
1299:
1068:Reconstitution of the body
977:, artery, and vein at the
698:
682:German Medical Association
642:Magnetic resonance imaging
395:. A study that focused on
302:
243:
36:
29:
4697:
4423:
4353:
4239:
4193:
4075:Consciousness after death
4055:
3998:
3943:
3885:
3834:
3823:
3816:
3731:
3668:
3562:
3383:
3375:
3263:
3188:
2959:
2727:Pappas S (5 March 2013).
2222:10.5858/arpa.2017-0344-LE
1781:Religions and the Autopsy
1080:In the UK, following the
614:prevented in the future.
536:medical imaging autopsies
295:νεκρός 'death' and ὄψις (
98:
84:
74:
53:
48:
4738:Medical aspects of death
4476:Personification of death
3698:People by cause of death
2901: – a site from the
1859:10.1001/jama.289.21.2849
1804:Southern Medical Journal
1493:, is far more common in
1473:Other animals (necropsy)
1286:showing neuron loss and
1046:is pulled away from the
839:, etc.) is then made. A
585:, a medical examiner or
454:
39:Autopsy (disambiguation)
4553:Death-positive movement
4398:Post-mortem photography
3678:Causes of death by rate
3606:Death by natural causes
3330:Microbiological culture
2960:Principles of pathology
2903:University of Leicester
2675:. Salem Press. p.
2018:. Salem Press. p.
1587:. Salem Press. p.
1536:Forensic identification
1340:Herophilus of Chalcedon
795:radiographically imaged
658:referred to the coroner
463:Dissection room at the
260:, "oneself") and ὄψις (
182:Purposes of performance
117:post-mortem examination
4588:Fascination with death
4226:Reincarnation research
4221:Out-of-body experience
3683:Notable deaths by year
3524:Immunogenic cell death
3440:Temporal lobe necrosis
2881:Quotations related to
2765:(283 S.Esp): 543–551.
2315:. Forensic Radiology.
1982:10.1001/jama.265.7.885
1486:
1451:and colleagues at the
1387:
1315:
1140:
1110:
1031:
1022:
915:is producing the only
711:
606:
557:
504:pathological autopsies
468:
465:University of Helsinki
4393:Post-mortem chemistry
4206:Near-death experience
4102:Desecration of graves
4038:Postmortem caloricity
4003:Beating heart cadaver
3447:Programmed cell death
3415:Liquefactive necrosis
3293:Diagnostic immunology
3118:Programmed cell death
3086:Liquefactive necrosis
2809:. Stanford University
2619:Rom J Morphol Embryol
1734:www.sciencedirect.com
1526:Forensic anthropology
1503:veterinary physicians
1480:
1379:
1313:
1306:History of dissection
1178:Coagulative necrosis
1126:
1108:
1082:Human Tissue Act 2004
1028:
1017:, which appear to be
1000:
706:
604:
576:sufficient quantities
551:
462:
397:myocardial infarction
115:(also referred to as
69:, depicts an autopsy.
4743:Anatomical pathology
4583:Festival of the Dead
4481:Dying-and-rising god
4436:Chinese burial money
4325:Prohibition of dying
4277:Death-qualified jury
4043:Post-mortem interval
3703:Premature obituaries
3410:Coagulative necrosis
3288:Medical microbiology
3283:Transfusion medicine
3240:Immunohistochemistry
3190:Anatomical pathology
3081:Coagulative necrosis
2172:10.4322/acr.2017.017
2122:10.1093/ajcp/aqaa062
1688:The Classical Weekly
1656:"post-mortem (adj.)"
1430:anatomical pathology
1210:Hemosiderin pigment
1202:Neo-vascularization
854:Internal examination
761:External examination
677:Deutsches Ärzteblatt
670:The autopsy rate in
552:Autopsy room of the
205:Post mortem interval
4748:Forensic techniques
4643:Philosophy of death
4508:Death from laughter
3808:Perinatal mortality
3549:Mitotic catastrophe
3529:Ischemic cell death
3472:Intrinsic apoptosis
3420:Gangrenous necrosis
3245:Electron microscopy
3213:Molecular pathology
3091:Gangrenous necrosis
3023:Cellular adaptation
2910:Autopsy of a Murder
2899:The Virtual Autopsy
2753:Maftouni N (2019).
2600:Scottish Government
1516:Body identification
1495:veterinary medicine
1449:Carl von Rokitansky
1288:reactive astrocytes
1282:of the superficial
942:At this stage, the
846:In some countries,
664:, 570 with a jury.
489:coroner's autopsies
393:hazardous materials
389:infectious diseases
193:must be determined
4753:Forensic pathology
4689:Thanatosensitivity
4593:Hierarchy of death
4533:Death notification
4441:Coins for the dead
4373:Forensic pathology
4257:Capital punishment
4211:Near-death studies
3803:Mortality salience
3435:Fibrinoid necrosis
3405:Avascular necrosis
3273:Clinical chemistry
3265:Clinical pathology
3250:Immunofluorescence
3218:Forensic pathology
3198:Surgical pathology
3106:Fibrinoid necrosis
2854:on 7 February 2017
2545:"Glossary:Autopsy"
2372:2008-11-06 at the
1487:
1447:In the mid-1800s,
1388:
1316:
1141:
1111:
1032:
1023:
971:superior vena cava
959:inferior vena cava
730:or skin under the
712:
607:
558:
522:academic autopsies
469:
467:in Finland in 1928
420:death certificates
333:George D. Lundberg
299:, 'sight, view').
129:autopsia cadaverum
4725:
4724:
4461:Death anniversary
4456:Death and culture
4300:Dying declaration
4282:Death certificate
4189:
4188:
4051:
4050:
3903:Neuropreservation
3693:Natural disasters
3664:
3663:
3343:
3342:
3310:Mass spectrometry
2794:Battista Morgagni
2686:978-1-58765-423-7
2154:Peres LC (2017).
2029:978-1-58765-423-7
1598:978-1-58765-423-7
1320:ancient Egyptians
1318:Around 3000 BCE,
1292:H&E-LFB stain
1265:H&E-LFB stain
1241:
1240:
1237:12 days or older
1213:3 days and older
1205:3 days and older
1197:2 days and older
751:molecular autopsy
743:biochemical tests
692:reach 20 to 30%.
408:systematic review
349:procurator fiscal
321:Western countries
317:medical diagnosis
311:, mode of death,
109:
108:
16:(Redirected from
4765:
4715:
4714:
4705:
4704:
4685:
4670:Assisted suicide
4568:Death trajectory
4383:Mortuary science
4378:Funeral director
4369:
4335:Suspicious death
4107:Eternal oblivion
3893:Cryopreservation
3832:
3831:
3821:
3820:
3759:Infant mortality
3749:Excess mortality
3651:Terminal illness
3636:Lazarus syndrome
3621:End-of-life care
3572:Accidental death
3425:Caseous necrosis
3388:
3387:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3230:Gross processing
3096:Caseous necrosis
2946:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2880:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2774:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2713:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2674:
2671:Forensic Science
2664:
2653:
2652:
2651:on 9 March 2011.
2647:. Archived from
2641:
2635:
2634:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2480:
2474:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2383:
2377:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2224:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2124:
2100:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2055:(9811): 136–42.
2040:
2034:
2033:
2017:
2014:Forensic Science
2007:
1994:
1993:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1586:
1583:Forensic Science
1576:
1441:Andreas Vesalius
1368:
1365:
1276:
1263:and at autopsy.
1249:
1229:3 days–50 years
1221:3 days–50 years
1189:1 day and older
1181:1 day - 5 years
1143:
1142:
1060:gas in buffered
963:pulmonary artery
875:for evidence of
680:, issued by the
626:Academic autopsy
597:Clinical autopsy
564:Forensic science
544:Forensic autopsy
448:pulmonary emboli
341:medical examiner
212:Retain relevant
172:medical examiner
102:edit on Wikidata
94:
58:
46:
45:
21:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4693:
4679:
4623:Museum of Death
4573:Dignified death
4528:Death messenger
4503:Death education
4419:
4363:
4349:
4287:Declared death
4235:
4185:
4142:Online mourning
4047:
4013:Cadaveric spasm
3994:
3939:
3881:
3872:Skeletonization
3812:
3744:Child mortality
3739:Birthday effect
3727:
3660:
3656:Unnatural death
3587:Brainstem death
3558:
3497:Pseudoapoptosis
3379:
3374:
3344:
3339:
3298:Immunopathology
3278:Hematopathology
3259:
3184:
2955:
2950:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2725:
2716:
2703:Bryant, Clifton
2701:
2694:
2687:
2665:
2656:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2611:
2607:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2491:(12): 1525–31.
2481:
2477:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2384:
2380:
2374:Wayback Machine
2360:
2356:
2305:
2301:
2250:
2246:
2201:
2197:
2152:
2148:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2008:
1997:
1962:
1958:
1921:
1917:
1878:
1874:
1853:(21): 2849–56.
1843:
1839:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1761:. 2 August 2023
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1700:10.2307/4389260
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1577:
1564:
1559:
1521:Digital autopsy
1512:
1475:
1395:Hayy ibn Yaqzan
1385:Enrique Simonet
1366:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1284:cerebral cortex
1277:
1268:
1261:medical imaging
1250:
1103:
1075:thoracic cavity
1070:
933:pericardial sac
871:of the body by
869:internal organs
856:
763:
747:genetic testing
728:gunshot residue
701:
654:
637:
635:Virtual autopsy
628:
599:
591:manner of death
556:, Germany, 2010
546:
457:
391:or exposure to
363:, or traces of
337:unnatural cause
313:manner of death
305:
289:
279:, 'after', and
270:
246:
241:
191:Manner of death
184:
105:
90:
70:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4771:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4431:Apparent death
4427:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:Cause of death
4259:
4254:
4252:Administration
4249:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4023:Death erection
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3958:Natural burial
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3829:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3791:Mortality rate
3788:
3783:
3776:
3771:
3769:Maternal death
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Unusual deaths
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:Organ donation
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3594:Clinical death
3591:
3590:
3589:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3320:Flow cytometry
3317:
3315:Chromatography
3312:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3235:Histopathology
3232:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3161:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2872:
2871:External links
2869:
2866:
2865:
2839:
2820:
2798:
2786:
2745:
2714:
2692:
2685:
2654:
2636:
2605:
2586:
2561:
2536:
2510:
2475:
2449:
2427:
2378:
2354:
2299:
2264:(2): 123–130.
2244:
2215:(2): 157–158.
2195:
2146:
2115:(6): 725–733.
2095:
2084:
2035:
2028:
1995:
1956:
1915:
1882:Histopathology
1872:
1837:
1794:
1785:
1772:
1759:baderscott.com
1746:
1721:
1674:
1647:
1620:(9499): 1767.
1604:
1597:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1499:human medicine
1474:
1471:
1460:Rudolf Virchow
1399:Nadia Maftouni
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1113:An autopsy of
1102:
1099:
1091:funeral parlor
1069:
1066:
917:blood pressure
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
855:
852:
841:voice recorder
762:
759:
700:
697:
653:
650:
636:
633:
627:
624:
598:
595:
589:will assign a
554:Charité Berlin
545:
542:
541:
540:
526:
512:
494:
456:
453:
425:histologically
379:in Israel and
309:cause of death
304:
301:
288:
285:
269:
266:
245:
242:
240:
237:
228:cause of death
224:
223:
216:
210:
207:
202:
201:
200:
197:
183:
180:
107:
106:
99:
96:
95:
88:
82:
81:
78:
72:
71:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4770:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4718:
4710:
4708:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4466:Death anxiety
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Darwin Awards
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4408:Biostratinomy
4406:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Necropolitics
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4154:Reincarnation
4152:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4057:Other aspects
4054:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Body donation
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:Dismemberment
3973:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3920:Mummification
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3877:Fossilization
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3867:Decomposition
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:Pallor mortis
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:Cytopathology
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:Accumulations
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:Wound healing
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2808:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2712:
2711:0-7619-2514-7
2708:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2625:(3): 327–39.
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2525:. August 2011
2524:
2520:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2437:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2398:(8): 601–04.
2397:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1976:(7): 885–87.
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1935:(4): 389–92.
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:(6): 551–59.
1887:
1883:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:(7): 728–33.
1809:
1805:
1798:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1467:Scotland Yard
1463:
1461:
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1454:
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1356:ancient Roman
1353:
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1348:Julius Caesar
1345:
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1324:mummification
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1129:H&E stain
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1015:leptomeninges
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987:blood vessels
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886:
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416:meta-analysis
412:
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398:
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386:
385:medical error
382:
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370:
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362:
361:strangulation
358:
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250:Ancient Greek
236:
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229:
222:and viability
221:
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68:
64:
63:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4563:Death threat
4446:Dark tourism
4388:Necrobiology
4330:Right to die
4288:
4247:Abortion law
4171:Resurrection
4159:Palingenesis
4056:
4018:Coffin birth
3925:Plastination
3886:Preservation
3862:Putrefaction
3857:Rigor mortis
3852:Algor mortis
3847:Livor mortis
3824:
3780:Memento mori
3778:
3631:Lazarus sign
3611:Death rattle
3576:
3554:Suicide gene
3539:Karyorrhexis
3430:Fat necrosis
3305:Enzyme assay
3207:
3151:
3146:
3135:Karyorrhexis
3111:Myocytolysis
3101:Fat necrosis
3006:Inflammation
2994:Hemodynamics
2987:Pathogenesis
2909:
2885:at Wikiquote
2856:. Retrieved
2852:the original
2842:
2833:
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2801:
2789:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2733:Live Science
2732:
2670:
2649:the original
2639:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2599:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2573:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2549:ec.europa.eu
2548:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2513:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2452:
2442:21 September
2440:. Retrieved
2430:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2357:
2319:(1): 56–66.
2316:
2312:
2302:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2087:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2013:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1758:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:
1724:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1659:
1650:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1582:
1490:
1488:
1464:
1457:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1414:Ibn al-Nafis
1407:
1394:
1389:
1380:
1336:Erasistratus
1328:
1317:
1226:Macrophages
1119:
1112:
1079:
1071:
1058:formaldehyde
1033:
983:
956:
948:
941:
925:
907:
899:
857:
847:
845:
816:and length,
806:ethnic group
803:
779:photographed
774:
764:
736:
713:
694:
675:
669:
666:
655:
638:
629:
620:
616:
611:pathological
608:
580:
568:
562:
559:
535:
534:
529:
528:
521:
520:
515:
514:
503:
502:
497:
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488:
487:
482:
481:
477:Medico-legal
476:
475:
470:
442:Focusing on
441:
437:
428:
413:
405:
324:
306:
296:
290:
280:
276:
271:
261:
257:
253:
247:
225:
185:
165:
160:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
110:
65:, (1632) by
60:
43:
4680: [
4638:Necrophobia
4633:Necrophilia
4603:Immortality
4558:Death squad
4538:Death panel
4523:Death march
4518:Death knell
4498:Death drive
4471:Death deity
4415:Thanatology
4364: [
4310:Legal death
4289:in absentia
4267:Civil death
4112:Examination
4097:Crematorium
3980:Excarnation
3817:After death
3616:Dysthanasia
3582:Brain death
3514:Autoschizis
3492:Phenoptosis
3487:Parthanatos
3477:Necroptosis
3384:In medicine
3159:Hemosiderin
3040:Hyperplasia
3035:Hypertrophy
3011:Cell damage
2893:pathologist
2574:www.ojp.gov
2473:(12);191–94
1551:Vivisection
1541:Murder book
1422:Renaissance
1403:vivisection
1371:Renaissance
1234:Cavitation
1133:neutrophils
1053:spinal cord
814:hair colour
783:Ultraviolet
755:pathologist
732:fingernails
493:procedures.
268:Post-mortem
233:next of kin
168:pathologist
137:examination
4732:Categories
4608:Last rites
4578:Extinction
4548:Death pose
4543:Death poem
4513:Death hoax
4493:Death camp
4486:Psychopomp
4361:Death tech
4216:Necromancy
4194:Paranormal
4176:Underworld
4028:Dissection
3990:Resomation
3985:Promession
3963:Sky burial
3930:Prosection
3915:Maceration
3626:Euthanasia
3544:Karyolysis
3502:Pyroptosis
3482:Paraptosis
3392:Cell death
3325:Blood bank
3168:Lipofuscin
3164:Lipochrome
3140:Karyolysis
3069:Cell death
3050:Metaplasia
2858:6 February
2848:"Necropsy"
2813:6 February
2645:"Medicine"
2529:6 February
2166:(2): 1–3.
2049:The Lancet
1694:(12): 96.
1614:The Lancet
1557:References
1418:anatomists
1391:Ibn Tufail
1383:(1890) by
1367: 216
1352:his murder
1344:Alexandria
1304:See also:
1280:Micrograph
1253:Micrograph
1173:1–60 days
1165:1–37 days
1157:1–35 days
1030:annotated.
1011:dura mater
1003:meningitis
903:pubic bone
873:dissection
822:birthmarks
818:eye colour
739:Toxicology
652:Prevalence
572:Toxicology
516:Anatomical
220:live birth
145:dissection
4653:Sacrifice
4648:Predation
4613:Longevity
4403:Taphonomy
4340:Trust law
4295:Death row
4080:Afterlife
4033:Gibbeting
3970:Cremation
3935:Taxidermy
3910:Embalming
3786:Micromort
3732:Mortality
3509:Autolysis
3467:Autophagy
3462:Apoptosis
3180:Steatosis
3123:Apoptosis
3060:Glandular
3045:Dysplasia
2977:Neoplasia
2972:Infection
2953:Pathology
2781:171734089
2459:(1988) ,
2333:0887-2171
2294:207536419
2278:0003-4819
2231:0003-9985
1708:1940-641X
1642:208790970
1439:In 1543,
1362:(CE 129–
1332:afterlife
1149:Presence
1101:In stroke
1095:embalming
1019:edematous
773:word for
509:diagnoses
444:intubated
239:Etymology
121:obduction
67:Rembrandt
4707:Category
4677:Thanabot
4628:Necronym
4598:Homicide
4149:Obituary
4137:Mourning
4127:Internet
4070:Cemetery
3945:Disposal
3898:Cryonics
3567:Abortion
3534:Pyknosis
3400:Necrosis
3335:Serology
3130:Pyknosis
3076:Necrosis
3055:Squamous
2999:Ischemia
2631:19690757
2422:26076965
2370:Archived
2365:(2006),
2349:59304740
2341:30686369
2286:22250143
2239:29372850
2190:28740832
2141:32275742
2079:22112684
1951:14980989
1902:16324191
1867:12783916
1832:27913932
1824:16866055
1667:28 April
1634:16298206
1546:Virtopsy
1510:See also
1497:than in
1491:necropsy
1410:Avenzoar
1255:showing
1137:neuropil
975:bronchus
950:en masse
921:drowning
909:Bleeding
720:evidence
716:body bag
662:inquests
583:evidence
498:Clinical
483:forensic
414:A large
381:Misaskim
287:Necropsy
254:autopsia
252:αὐτοψία
161:necropsy
133:surgical
125:necropsy
76:ICD-9-CM
18:Necropsy
4758:Corpses
4717:Outline
4665:Suicide
4305:Inquest
4272:Coroner
4164:Saṃsāra
4132:Midwife
4117:Funeral
4092:Customs
4065:Carrion
3764:Karoshi
3577:Autopsy
3457:Anoikis
3208:Autopsy
3173:Melanin
3153:pigment
3030:Atrophy
2967:Disease
2889:Autopsy
2883:Autopsy
2579:2 March
2554:2 March
2505:8445815
2413:4518760
2181:5507562
2132:7184436
2070:3262166
1990:1992186
1910:7806867
1765:2 March
1739:2 March
1716:4389260
1420:of the
1381:Autopsy
1300:History
1146:Finding
1040:funeral
1007:forceps
991:stomach
929:in situ
913:gravity
885:sternum
837:tattoos
812:, age,
775:servant
724:sterile
708:Cadaver
699:Process
690:Finland
672:Germany
646:CT scan
587:coroner
530:Virtual
369:Judaism
345:coroner
303:Purpose
244:Autopsy
176:coroner
153:disease
131:) is a
113:autopsy
92:D001344
49:Autopsy
4618:Martyr
4354:Fields
4315:Murder
4231:Séance
4201:Ghosts
4085:Tukdam
3953:Burial
3835:Stages
3519:Eschar
2779:
2709:
2683:
2629:
2503:
2420:
2410:
2376:, p. 6
2347:
2339:
2331:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2237:
2229:
2188:
2178:
2139:
2129:
2077:
2067:
2026:
1988:
1949:
1908:
1900:
1865:
1830:
1822:
1714:
1706:
1640:
1632:
1595:
1115:stroke
1093:after
1087:shroud
1042:. The
1005:. The
944:organs
877:trauma
829:tissue
824:, old
799:wounds
771:German
769:, the
767:diener
686:Sweden
433:biopsy
365:poison
357:bullet
353:murder
330:editor
281:mortem
214:organs
157:injury
141:corpse
4684:]
4658:human
4424:Other
4368:]
4240:Legal
4181:Vigil
4122:Grief
3670:Lists
3377:Death
2982:Cause
2777:S2CID
2738:7 May
2345:S2CID
2290:S2CID
1906:S2CID
1828:S2CID
1712:JSTOR
1638:S2CID
1485:(ewe)
1483:sheep
1360:Galen
1062:water
1048:skull
1044:scalp
1036:brain
979:hilum
967:aorta
937:lungs
865:trunk
861:chest
833:moles
791:nails
455:Types
431:, by
373:Islam
347:, or
297:opsis
293:Greek
274:Latin
262:opsis
258:autos
149:death
139:of a
127:, or
100:[
4345:Will
3826:Body
3796:RAMR
3452:AICD
2860:2017
2815:2017
2740:2018
2707:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2627:PMID
2581:2024
2556:2024
2531:2017
2501:PMID
2444:2019
2418:PMID
2337:PMID
2329:ISSN
2282:PMID
2274:ISSN
2235:PMID
2227:ISSN
2186:PMID
2137:PMID
2075:PMID
2024:ISBN
1986:PMID
1947:PMID
1898:PMID
1863:PMID
1820:PMID
1767:2024
1741:2024
1704:ISSN
1669:2020
1630:PMID
1593:ISBN
1412:and
1397:and
1338:and
848:e.g.
826:scar
787:hair
688:and
429:i.e.
377:ZAKA
371:and
326:JAMA
277:post
86:MeSH
80:89.8
3599:DOA
2767:doi
2493:doi
2489:269
2408:PMC
2400:doi
2361:UK
2321:doi
2266:doi
2262:156
2217:doi
2213:142
2176:PMC
2168:doi
2127:PMC
2117:doi
2113:153
2065:PMC
2057:doi
2053:379
1978:doi
1974:265
1937:doi
1933:164
1890:doi
1855:doi
1851:289
1812:doi
1696:doi
1622:doi
1618:366
1589:100
810:sex
745:or
533:or
519:or
501:or
486:or
480:or
174:or
155:or
143:by
111:An
4734::
4682:ca
4366:pt
2832:.
2775:.
2763:75
2761:.
2757:.
2731:.
2717:^
2695:^
2679:.
2677:43
2657:^
2623:50
2621:.
2617:.
2598:.
2572:.
2547:.
2521:.
2499:.
2487:.
2471:37
2469:,
2463:,
2416:.
2406:.
2396:68
2394:.
2390:.
2343:.
2335:.
2327:.
2317:40
2311:.
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2280:.
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2020:95
1998:^
1984:.
1972:.
1968:.
1945:.
1931:.
1927:.
1904:.
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1884:.
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1849:.
1826:.
1818:.
1808:99
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1690:.
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1658:.
1636:.
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1591:.
1565:^
1424:.
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1364:c.
1326:.
1097:.
923:.
835:,
831:,
808:,
789:,
741:,
427:,
406:A
343:,
123:,
119:,
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2081:.
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2032:.
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1953:.
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1892::
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749:/
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20:)
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