876:
1049:
1106:
1018:. In many English-speaking countries, neuropathology is considered a subfield of anatomical pathology. A physician who specializes in neuropathology, usually by completing a fellowship after a residency in anatomical or general pathology, is called a neuropathologist. In day-to-day clinical practice, a neuropathologist generates diagnoses for patients. If a disease of the nervous system is suspected, and the diagnosis cannot be made by less invasive methods, a biopsy of nervous tissue is taken from the brain or spinal cord to aid in diagnosis. Biopsy is usually requested after a mass is detected by
45:
924:
1749:
1952:
755:
1437:
789:
thyroid lesions, diseases involving sterile body cavities (peritoneal, pleural, and cerebrospinal), and a wide range of other body sites. Cytopathology is generally used on samples of free cells or tissue fragments (in contrast to histopathology, which studies whole tissues) and cytopathologic tests are sometimes called smear tests because the samples may be smeared across a glass microscope slide for subsequent staining and microscopic examination. However, cytology samples may be prepared in other ways, including
1164:
5565:
1860:
6226:
4664:
1452:, and is sometimes considered a specialty of both dentistry and pathology. Oral Pathologists must complete three years of post doctoral training in an accredited program and subsequently obtain diplomate status from the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. The specialty focuses on the diagnosis, clinical management and investigation of diseases that affect the oral cavity and surrounding maxillofacial structures including but not limited to
4694:
1386:. It is often applied in a context that is as much scientific as directly medical and encompasses the development of molecular and genetic approaches to the diagnosis and classification of human diseases, the design and validation of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and disease progression, and the susceptibility of individuals of different genetic constitution to particular disorders. The crossover between molecular pathology and
4704:
6214:
2049:
473:
1348:, and other lymphoid tissues. In the United States, hematopathology is a board certified subspecialty (licensed under the American Board of Pathology) practiced by those physicians who have completed a general pathology residency (anatomic, clinical, or combined) and an additional year of fellowship training in hematology. The hematopathologist reviews biopsies of lymph nodes, bone marrows and other tissues involved by an
6246:
4684:
1510:
655:
6236:
4674:
3390:
987:
630:
characteristics and symptoms. This approach led to the foundational understanding that diseases are able to replicate themselves, and that they can have many profound and varied effects on the human host. To determine causes of diseases, medical experts used the most common and widely accepted assumptions or symptoms of their times, a general principle of approach that persists in modern medicine.
1307:
2063:
1238:
resection specimens are obtained by the therapeutic surgical removal of an entire diseased area or organ (and occasionally multiple organs). These procedures are often intended as definitive surgical treatment of a disease in which the diagnosis is already known or strongly suspected, but pathological analysis of these specimens remains important in confirming the previous diagnosis.
808:
955:. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides. This contrasts with the methods of cytopathology, which uses free cells or tissue fragments. Histopathological examination of tissues starts with
1560:. After four to six years of undergraduate medical study, trainees proceed to a two-year foundation program. Full-time training in histopathology currently lasts between five and five and a half years and includes specialist training in surgical pathology, cytopathology, and autopsy pathology. It is also possible to take a
1022:. With autopsies, the principal work of the neuropathologist is to help in the post-mortem diagnosis of various conditions that affect the central nervous system. Biopsies can also consist of the skin. Epidermal nerve fiber density testing (ENFD) is a more recently developed neuropathology test in which a
972:
chemicals and components within tissue. The histological slides are then interpreted diagnostically and the resulting pathology report describes the histological findings and the opinion of the pathologist. In the case of cancer, this represents the tissue diagnosis required for most treatment protocols.
1602:
Though separate fields in terms of medical practice, a number of areas of inquiry in medicine and medical science either overlap greatly with general pathology, work in tandem with it, or contribute significantly to the understanding of the pathology of a given disease or its course in an individual.
832:
can undergo a 1 to 2 year fellowship in the field of dermatopathology. The completion of this fellowship allows one to take a subspecialty board examination, and becomes a board certified dermatopathologist. Dermatologists are able to recognize most skin diseases based on their appearances, anatomic
1205:
is the best and most definitive evidence of disease (or lack thereof) in cases where tissue is surgically removed from a patient. These determinations are usually accomplished by a combination of gross (i.e., macroscopic) and histologic (i.e., microscopic) examination of the tissue, and may involve
1947:
generally have the largest body of research in veterinary pathology. Animal testing remains a controversial practice, even in cases where it is used to research treatment for human disease. As in human medical pathology, the practice of veterinary pathology is customarily divided into the two main
1890:
Although the vast majority of lab work and research in pathology concerns the development of disease in humans, pathology is of significance throughout the biological sciences. Two main catch-all fields exist to represent most complex organisms capable of serving as host to a pathogen or other form
1209:
There are two major types of specimens submitted for surgical pathology analysis: biopsies and surgical resections. A biopsy is a small piece of tissue removed primarily for surgical pathology analysis, most often in order to render a definitive diagnosis. Types of biopsies include core biopsies,
896:
with a specialty in general or anatomical pathology with subsequent study in forensic medicine. The methods forensic scientists use to determine death include examination of tissue specimens to identify the presence or absence of natural disease and other microscopic findings, interpretations of
788:
Cytopathology (sometimes referred to as "cytology") is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. It is usually used to aid in the diagnosis of cancer, but also helps in the diagnosis of certain infectious diseases and other inflammatory conditions as well as
306:
research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatment, the term is often used in a narrower fashion to refer to processes and tests that fall within the contemporary medical field of "general pathology", an area that includes a number of distinct but
971:
fixing is also common. To see the tissue under a microscope, the sections are stained with one or more pigments. The aim of staining is to reveal cellular components; counterstains are used to provide contrast. Histochemistry refers to the science of using chemical reactions between laboratory
1237:
are very common. The pathologist's interpretation of a biopsy is critical to establishing the diagnosis of a benign or malignant tumor, and can differentiate between different types and grades of cancer, as well as determining the activity of specific molecular pathways in the tumor. Surgical
1394:". Molecular pathology is commonly used in diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases. Molecular Pathology is primarily used to detect cancers such as melanoma, brainstem glioma, brain tumors as well as many other types of cancer and infectious diseases. Techniques are numerous but include
629:
or even spiritual agents, that had dominated for much of the previous 1,500 years in
European medicine. With the new understanding of causative agents, physicians began to compare the characteristics of one germ's symptoms as they developed within an affected individual to another germ's
492:
The study of pathology, including the detailed examination of the body, including dissection and inquiry into specific maladies, dates back to antiquity. Rudimentary understanding of many conditions was present in most early societies and is attested to in the records of the earliest
1576:. At the end of the second year of clinical pathology residency, residents can choose between general clinical pathology and a specialization in one of the disciplines, but they can not practice anatomical pathology, nor can anatomical pathology residents practice clinical pathology.
592:
and physicians that studied disease and the informal study of what they termed "pathological anatomy" or "morbid anatomy". However, pathology as a formal area of specialty was not fully developed until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the advent of detailed study of
1571:
In France, pathology is separated into two distinct specialties, anatomical pathology, and clinical pathology. Residencies for both lasts four years. Residency in anatomical pathology is open to physicians only, while clinical pathology is open to both physicians and
361:), structural alterations of cells (morphologic changes), and the consequences of changes (clinical manifestations). In common medical practice, general pathology is mostly concerned with analyzing known clinical abnormalities that are markers or precursors for both
891:
and medical examiners are also frequently asked to confirm the identity of a corpse. The requirements for becoming a licensed practitioner of forensic pathology varies from country to country (and even within a given nation) but typically a minimal requirement is a
1669:
so as to increase the accuracy with which early or fine-detail abnormalities are detected. These diagnostic techniques are often performed in combination with general pathology procedures and are themselves often essential to developing new understanding of the
1934:
and 2) those animals that share physiological and genetic traits with humans can be used as surrogates for the study of the disease and potential treatments as well as the effects of various synthetic products. For this reason, as well as their roles as
1500:
to non-invasive examination, many conditions in the study of oral disease can be diagnosed, or at least suspected, from gross examination, but biopsies, cell smears, and other tissue analysis remain important diagnostic tools in oral pathology.
553:), during which numerous texts of complex pathologies were developed, also based on the Greek tradition. Even so, growth in complex understanding of disease mostly languished until knowledge and experimentation again began to proliferate in the
1843:. Mental or social disorders or behaviours seen as generally unhealthy or excessive in a given individual, to the point where they cause harm or severe disruption to the person's lifestyle, are often called "pathological" (e.g.,
642:, by the beginning of the 20th century, the study of pathology had begun to split into a number of distinct fields, resulting in the development of a large number of modern specialties within pathology and related disciplines of
1549:. Pathologists may pursue specialised fellowship training within one or more subspecialties of either anatomical or clinical pathology. Some of these subspecialties permit additional board certification, while others do not.
681:
and secure a license to practice medicine. Structurally, the study of disease is divided into many different fields that study or diagnose markers for disease using methods and technologies particular to specific scales,
1009:
Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either surgical biopsies or sometimes whole brains in the case of autopsy. Neuropathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology,
637:
gave a significant contribution, leading to a slew of research developments. By the late 1920s to early 1930s pathology was deemed a medical specialty. Combined with developments in the understanding of general
823:
as an organ. It is unique, in that there are two paths a physician can take to obtain the specialization. All general pathologists and general dermatologists train in the pathology of the skin, so the term
1929:
in nature, and many infectious pathogens have animal vectors and, as such, understanding the mechanisms of action for these pathogens in non-human hosts is essential to the understanding and application of
1541:. Training may be within two primary specialties, as recognized by the American Board of Pathology: [anatomical pathology and clinical pathology, each of which requires separate board certification. The
1782:(LIMS): Implementing and managing computer systems specifically designed for pathology departments. These systems help in tracking and managing patient specimens, results, and other pathology data.
1332:) and the tissues, and organs comprising the hematopoietic system. The term hematopoietic system refers to tissues and organs that produce and/or primarily host hematopoietic cells and includes
853:, and molecular-pathologic analysis. One of the greatest challenges of dermatopathology is its scope. More than 1500 different disorders of the skin exist, including cutaneous eruptions ("
3322:
1276:, hospital administrations, and referring physicians. Clinical pathologists learn to administer a number of visual and microscopic tests and an especially large variety of tests of the
1925:, varies considerably by species. Nevertheless, significant amounts of pathology research are conducted on animals, for two primary reasons: 1) The origins of diseases are typically
1921:
Veterinary pathology covers a vast array of species, but with a significantly smaller number of practitioners, so understanding of disease in non-human animals, especially as regards
1564:
diploma in forensic pathology, dermatopathology, or cytopathology, recognising additional specialist training and expertise and to get specialist accreditation in forensic pathology,
1288:. Sometimes the general term "laboratory medicine specialist" is used to refer to those working in clinical pathology, including medical doctors, Ph.D.s and doctors of pharmacology.
1831:
treatment accordingly. Although diagnosis and classification of mental norms and disorders is largely the purview of psychiatry—the results of which are guidelines such as the
1772:. It is the use of information technology in pathology. It encompasses pathology laboratory operations, data analysis, and the interpretation of pathology-related information.
1030:
by analyzing the nerve fibers of the skin. This test is becoming available in select labs as well as many universities; it replaces the traditional nerve biopsy test as less
1537:) who have completed a four-year undergraduate program, four years of medical school training, and three to four years of postgraduate training in the form of a pathology
963:, or autopsy. The tissue is removed from the body of an organism and then placed in a fixative that stabilizes the tissues to prevent decay. The most common fixative is
1835:, which attempt to classify mental disease mostly on behavioural evidence, though not without controversy—the field is also heavily, and increasingly, informed upon by
837:
is taken to be examined under the microscope using usual histological tests. In some cases, additional specialized testing needs to be performed on biopsies, including
597:. In the 19th century, physicians had begun to understand that disease-causing pathogens, or "germs" (a catch-all for disease-causing, or pathogenic, microbes, such as
3184:
319:
samples. Idiomatically, "a pathology" may also refer to the predicted or actual progression of particular diseases (as in the statement "the many different forms of
3024:
Cai, H; Caswell JL; Prescott JF (March 2014). "Nonculture
Molecular Techniques for Diagnosis of Bacterial Disease in Animals: A Diagnostic Laboratory Perspective".
736:. Anatomical pathology is one of two main divisions of the medical practice of pathology, the other being clinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through the
861:. Therefore, dermatopathologists must maintain a broad base of knowledge in clinical dermatology, and be familiar with several other specialty areas in Medicine.
1129:, who typically obtain diagnostic specimens via percutaneous renal biopsy. The renal pathologist must synthesize findings from traditional microscope histology,
1977:
Although the pathogens and their mechanics differ greatly from those of animals, plants are subject to a wide variety of diseases, including those caused by
1832:
1657:
physiology that help medical professionals plan appropriate treatments for tissue infection and trauma. Medical imaging is also central in supplying the
740:
analysis of bodily fluids and tissues. Sometimes, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology.
665:
The modern practice of pathology is divided into a number of subdisciplines within the distinct but deeply interconnected aims of biological research and
1653:
is the generating of visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention. Medical imaging reveals details of
887:
of a corpse or partial remains. An autopsy is typically performed by a coroner or medical examiner, often during criminal investigations; in this role,
1352:
of cells of the hematopoietic system. In addition, the hematopathologist may be in charge of flow cytometric and/or molecular hematopathology studies.
2839:
3235:
2650:
2257:
1788:: Involves the use of digital technology to create, manage, and analyze pathology images. This includes side scanning and automated image analysis.
1674:
of a given disease and tracking the progress of disease in specific medical cases. Examples of important subdivisions in medical imaging include
1623:. In a similar fashion, the tissue and blood analysis techniques of general pathology are of central significance to the investigation of serious
545:
continued from these Greek roots, but, as with many areas of scientific inquiry, growth in understanding of medicine stagnated somewhat after the
2261:
1370:. Molecular pathology is multidisciplinary by nature and shares some aspects of practice with both anatomic pathology and clinical pathology,
901:
on body tissues and fluids to determine the chemical cause of overdoses, poisonings or other cases involving toxic agents, and examinations of
3361:
6282:
3164:
1056:
Pulmonary pathology is a subspecialty of anatomic (and especially surgical) pathology that deals with diagnosis and characterization of
4193:
2690:
2871:
1366:
Molecular pathology is focused upon the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or
828:
denotes either of these who has reached a certain level of accreditation and experience; in the US, either a general pathologist or a
6748:
4781:
4534:
565:
eras, following the resurgence of the empirical method at new centers of scholarship. By the 17th century, the study of rudimentary
258:
1292:, the study of an organism's immune response to infection, is sometimes considered to fall within the domain of clinical pathology.
549:, but continued to slowly develop throughout numerous cultures. Notably, many advances were made in the medieval era of Islam (see
2985:"The historical change of brainstem glioma diagnosis and treatment: from imaging to molecular pathology and then molecular imaging"
1779:
1643:. General pathology methods are of great importance to biomedical research into disease, wherein they are sometimes referred to as
1226:, whereas excisional biopsies remove the entire lesion, and are similar to therapeutic surgical resections. Excisional biopsies of
1422:. Techniques used are based on analyzing samples of DNA and RNA. Pathology is widely used for gene therapy and disease diagnosis.
4133:
2772:
1542:
1624:
1395:
659:
3218:
6743:
4740:
2780:
2634:
2474:
2419:
2312:
2233:
1615:, and blood tests are all examples of pathology work that is essential for the diagnoses of many kinds of cancer and for the
1568:, and neuropathology. All postgraduate medical training and education in the UK is overseen by the General Medical Council.
1178:
Surgical pathology is one of the primary areas of practice for most anatomical pathologists. Surgical pathology involves the
1117:
Renal pathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology that deals with the diagnosis and characterization of disease of the
673:
into disease incorporates the work of a vast variety of life science specialists, whereas, in most parts of the world, to be
2672:
6547:
5991:
4433:
3180:
2437:"Commentary on the Ninth Book of Medicine Dedicated to Mansur — Commentaria in nonum librum Rasis ad regem Almansorem"
1513:
An anatomical pathology instructor uses a microscope with multiple eyepieces to instruct students in diagnostic microscopy.
3295:
1210:
which are obtained through the use of large-bore needles, sometimes under the guidance of radiological techniques such as
357:
As a field of general inquiry and research, pathology addresses components of disease: cause, mechanisms of development (
5573:
3487:
1399:
1391:
2936:"Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field"
5161:
4569:
3911:
3798:
3124:
1182:
and microscopic examination of surgical specimens, as well as biopsies submitted by surgeons and non-surgeons such as
458:), meaning "study of". The term is of early 16th-century origin, and became increasingly popularized after the 1530s.
6275:
5186:
476:
The advent of the microscope was one of the major developments in the history of pathology. Here researchers at the
3766:
3252:
Kendell R, Jablensky A (January 2003). "Distinguishing
Between the Validity and Utility of Psychiatric Diagnoses".
2870:(in French). Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche. 4 September 2003.
1431:
2704:
2025:, and other small herbivores is not considered a part of the domain of plant pathology. The field is connected to
1611:
makes extensive use of both anatomical and clinical pathology in diagnosis and treatment. In particular, biopsy,
633:
Modern medicine was particularly advanced by further developments of the microscope to analyze tissues, to which
3142:
4687:
4559:
3993:
2444:
1530:
246:
6249:
5171:
2197:
2157:
1561:
1557:
833:
distributions, and behavior. Sometimes, however, those criteria do not lead to a conclusive diagnosis, and a
252:
1800:
and reporting: Implementing informatics solutions to ensure the quality and accuracy of pathology processes.
1222:. Incisional biopsies are obtained through diagnostic surgical procedures that remove part of a suspicious
6774:
6268:
6197:
4539:
1719:
815:
can often be suspected from sight, but confirmation of the diagnosis or outright removal requires a biopsy.
2490:
Machevsky, Alberto; Wick, MR (2004). "Evidence-based
Medicine, Medical Decision Analysis, and Pathology".
377:. Further divisions in specialty exist on the basis of the involved sample types (comparing, for example,
6187:
4183:
1476:. Although concerned with a broad variety of diseases of the oral cavity, they have roles distinct from
1449:
477:
2624:
1545:
also recognizes four primary specialties: anatomic pathology, dermatopathology, forensic pathology, and
5637:
4163:
3394:
2828:
2026:
1683:
1252:
Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the
1219:
998:
875:
550:
518:
24:
1734:
often give hints as to the state and function of certain tissues in the brain and heart respectively.
1048:
819:
Dermatopathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology that focuses on the skin and the rest of the
5672:
5632:
5597:
5209:
4788:
4765:
4733:
4592:
2331:
2280:
1206:
evaluations of molecular properties of the tissue by immunohistochemistry or other laboratory tests.
6239:
4952:
4761:
4384:
4306:
4301:
4221:
3981:
1419:
538:
485:
366:
5724:
4858:
4364:
4338:
3873:
3480:
1827:, its purpose is to classify mental illness, elucidate its underlying causes, and guide clinical
1687:
1553:
1453:
1285:
884:
879:
Pathologist performing a human dissection of the abdominal and thoracic organs in an autopsy room
588:
Modern pathology began to develop as a distinct field of inquiry during the 19th
Century through
453:
49:
A pathologist examines a tissue section for evidence of cancerous cells while a surgeon observes.
6291:
3232:
3158:
2686:
6357:
5801:
5483:
5425:
5068:
3956:
3904:
2097:
1727:
1723:
1644:
1349:
1105:
2525:
Rothstein, William G. (1979). "Pathology: The
Evolution of a Specialty in American Medicine".
2355:"From Pathognomicha and Passiologia to Pathologia: concise history of a neologism (1486-1598)"
6442:
6417:
6397:
5886:
5861:
5841:
5181:
4922:
4852:
4832:
4607:
4493:
4466:
4439:
4391:
4345:
4040:
3661:
3629:
2137:
1844:
1752:
Major topics and processes of pathology informatics: Data management from molecular testing,
1407:
1265:
570:
3323:"The Regulation of Animal Research and the Emergence of Animal Ethics: A Conceptual History"
625:) existed and were capable of reproduction and multiplication, replacing earlier beliefs in
44:
6662:
6472:
6422:
6104:
5916:
5866:
5677:
5647:
5518:
5478:
5440:
5088:
4726:
4627:
4587:
4454:
4268:
4263:
4243:
4178:
4030:
3831:
3826:
3783:
3733:
3624:
3603:
2867:
2127:
1960:
1912:
1444:, can be diagnosed partly on gross examination, but may be confirmed with tissue pathology.
1273:
936:
842:
820:
695:
589:
558:
370:
166:
71:
2222:
Herausgeber., Cross, Simon S., Herausgeber. Underwood, James C. E. 1942- (30 April 2018).
923:
334:
is sometimes used to indicate a state of disease in cases of both physical ailment (as in
8:
6577:
6447:
6192:
6182:
6021:
5891:
5602:
5592:
5513:
5455:
4707:
4649:
4632:
4291:
4008:
3788:
3756:
3598:
3566:
2107:
1731:
1707:
1632:
1612:
1585:
1565:
1546:
1477:
1361:
1187:
1138:
1130:
1076:
1043:
940:
846:
717:
670:
643:
546:
467:
308:
95:
2577:
1951:
1748:
1320:
Hematopathology is the study of diseases of blood cells (including constituents such as
6769:
6738:
6692:
6672:
6657:
6482:
6477:
6134:
6114:
6099:
5926:
5921:
5719:
5667:
5550:
5545:
5460:
5415:
5342:
5264:
5214:
4776:
4771:
4597:
4554:
4544:
4333:
4286:
4253:
4248:
3998:
3976:
3816:
3808:
3793:
3761:
3741:
3649:
3473:
3353:
3277:
3092:
3069:"Diagnostic molecular pathology: current techniques and clinical applications, part I."
3068:
3049:
3006:
2960:
2935:
2911:
2886:
2838:. Paris: European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. p. 5.
2744:
2719:
2644:
2602:
2558:
2542:
2387:
2251:
2187:
1769:
1722:. Though they do not strictly relay images, readings from diagnostics tests involving
1715:
1593:
1534:
1415:
1314:
1310:
1281:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1158:
1134:
1110:
870:
838:
825:
812:
790:
737:
733:
725:
542:
432:
398:
374:
362:
240:
114:
99:
83:
75:
4912:
2813:
1023:
754:
708:) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the
6677:
6557:
6412:
6119:
6001:
5856:
5523:
5249:
4937:
4927:
4886:
4693:
4667:
4549:
4519:
4498:
4461:
4444:
4359:
4323:
4313:
4208:
4128:
4072:
4035:
4020:
3961:
3928:
3897:
3853:
3345:
3269:
3233:
Moving towards ICD-11 and DSM-5: Concept and evolution of psychiatric classification.
3120:
3097:
3053:
3041:
2965:
2916:
2776:
2749:
2630:
2607:
2589:
2550:
2538:
2507:
2470:
2415:
2392:
2374:
2308:
2239:
2229:
2132:
1940:
1892:
1848:
1840:
1797:
1785:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1654:
1538:
1526:
1518:
1448:
Oral and
Maxillofacial Pathology is one of nine dental specialties recognized by the
1441:
1418:
tissue assays, molecular profiling of pathogens, and analysis of bacterial genes for
1371:
1321:
1183:
893:
709:
405:
205:
20:
3357:
3281:
3010:
2578:"A history of pathology and laboratory medicine at Baylor University Medical Center"
2562:
724:). Anatomical pathology is itself divided into subfields, the main divisions being
720:
examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (as in a general examination or an
6402:
6229:
5846:
5533:
5420:
5030:
4993:
4878:
4848:
4677:
4369:
4354:
4231:
4106:
4062:
3773:
3639:
3525:
3452:
3337:
3261:
3210:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3033:
2996:
2955:
2947:
2906:
2898:
2809:
2739:
2731:
2597:
2534:
2499:
2382:
2366:
2082:
1711:
1481:
1473:
1231:
1126:
1080:
1031:
906:
802:
666:
526:
409:
312:
79:
30:"Pathological case" redirects here. For the corresponding case in engineering, see
2503:
1199:
6687:
6652:
6129:
6094:
5445:
5387:
5229:
5166:
5008:
4882:
4697:
4642:
4503:
4488:
4471:
4411:
4406:
4350:
4328:
4025:
3971:
3951:
3841:
3821:
3239:
3168:
3146:
2664:
2625:
Mitchell, Richard
Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007).
2182:
2068:
2010:
1972:
1810:
1699:
1650:
1620:
1597:
1325:
1301:
1289:
1272:
and molecular pathology. Clinical pathologists work in close collaboration with
1179:
1100:
1019:
902:
766:
674:
554:
510:
390:
382:
324:
118:
87:
4836:
1163:
323:
have diverse pathologies", in which case a more proper choice of word would be "
6542:
6352:
6218:
5986:
5796:
5627:
5622:
5612:
5607:
5508:
5450:
5382:
5377:
5239:
5234:
5128:
5083:
5060:
4942:
4932:
4874:
4529:
4483:
4296:
4226:
4045:
3863:
3858:
3778:
3299:
2087:
2054:
1916:
1900:
1816:
1616:
1522:
1461:
1411:
1403:
1191:
981:
968:
928:
918:
850:
778:
774:
713:
678:
634:
578:
514:
494:
394:
386:
335:
140:
91:
3341:
3183:. Cancer.Net : American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). 2011-05-09.
3001:
2984:
2902:
2354:
2243:
1603:
As a significant portion of all general pathology practice is concerned with
1529:
required of pathologists. In the United States, pathologists are physicians (
1436:
905:. Forensic pathology is a major component in the trans-disciplinary field of
302:
also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of
6763:
6622:
6517:
6407:
6382:
6377:
6064:
5961:
5851:
5826:
5821:
5714:
5662:
5657:
5435:
5352:
5254:
5219:
4988:
4612:
4401:
4396:
4258:
4198:
4101:
3746:
3559:
3265:
3206:
3037:
2593:
2378:
2202:
1956:
1794:: Using technology to enable remote pathology consultation and collaboration.
1791:
1761:
1485:
1367:
1202:
1002:
991:
829:
749:
729:
614:
429:
378:
339:
2951:
6667:
6647:
6612:
6607:
6597:
6592:
6572:
6552:
6462:
6432:
6392:
6372:
6362:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6109:
6089:
6054:
6049:
6041:
6036:
6016:
5996:
5906:
5876:
5836:
5816:
5806:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5652:
5642:
5617:
5274:
5108:
5025:
4983:
4844:
4617:
4602:
4428:
4153:
4003:
3988:
3934:
3848:
3678:
3654:
3644:
3549:
3537:
3530:
3349:
3273:
3101:
3045:
2969:
2920:
2829:"Our profession now has a European name: Specialist in Laboratory Medicine"
2753:
2611:
2511:
2396:
2370:
2192:
2177:
2167:
2147:
2102:
2030:
1931:
1922:
1836:
1703:
1695:
1671:
1640:
1628:
1387:
1375:
1227:
1167:
1146:
1084:
1072:
1027:
1015:
952:
770:
594:
574:
358:
5564:
1891:
of disease: veterinary pathology (concerned with all non-human species of
6717:
6712:
6682:
6637:
6582:
6522:
6507:
6502:
6467:
6427:
6317:
6307:
6302:
6159:
6154:
6124:
6079:
6026:
5966:
5951:
5946:
5911:
5871:
5761:
5751:
5746:
5430:
5156:
5078:
4957:
4947:
4898:
4840:
4476:
4421:
4318:
4173:
4148:
3966:
3836:
3702:
3583:
3578:
3554:
2554:
2467:
Transformations in
American Medicine: From Benjamin Rush to William Osler
1998:
1864:
1859:
1828:
1679:
1497:
1469:
1337:
1333:
1277:
951:
Histopathology refers to the microscopic examination of various forms of
834:
759:
582:
562:
522:
498:
343:
31:
2798:"A method for the rapid preparation of fresh tissues for the microscope"
2735:
1137:
to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Medical renal diseases may affect the
446:
16:
Study of the causes and effects of disease or injury, and how they arise
6702:
6697:
6642:
6627:
6567:
6532:
6527:
6497:
6457:
6437:
6367:
6347:
6144:
6139:
6084:
6069:
6011:
5976:
5971:
5941:
5901:
5881:
5811:
5791:
5540:
5367:
5259:
5204:
5133:
5113:
5073:
4978:
4894:
4828:
4824:
4564:
4449:
4416:
4188:
4138:
4123:
4118:
4111:
4096:
4086:
3868:
3711:
3707:
3683:
3612:
3593:
2546:
2152:
2122:
2112:
2034:
2022:
1876:
1820:
1666:
1636:
1573:
1493:
1457:
1379:
1269:
1211:
1174:. A small part of the tumor is taken via a needle with a vacuum system.
1171:
1122:
932:
898:
762:
639:
566:
316:
148:
144:
6260:
3443:
Royal
College of Pathologists of Australasia (Australia & Oceania)
2576:
Race, George J.; Tillery, G. Weldon; Dysert, Peter A. (January 2004).
2223:
1552:
In the United Kingdom, pathologists are physicians licensed by the UK
369:
disease, and is conducted by experts in one of two major specialties,
6617:
6587:
6537:
6512:
6059:
6031:
5981:
5956:
5697:
5498:
5410:
5292:
5224:
5196:
5103:
4917:
4906:
4902:
4870:
4637:
4379:
4374:
4216:
4091:
4055:
3723:
3666:
3588:
3515:
3139:
2117:
1936:
1879:
1824:
1691:
1675:
1658:
1556:. The training to become a pathologist is under the oversight of the
1489:
1329:
1195:
1057:
1011:
994:
858:
781:
534:
530:
347:
3427:
2797:
2720:"National standards for forensic pathology training slow to develop"
2436:
2303:
Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon C. (2010).
2275:
472:
397:), as well as on the basis of the focus of the examination (as with
6707:
6632:
6562:
6492:
6487:
6312:
6213:
6149:
6074:
6006:
5936:
5931:
5756:
5690:
5287:
5244:
5143:
5015:
4890:
4866:
4143:
3920:
3878:
3673:
3634:
3619:
3542:
3520:
3296:"American College of Veterinary Pathologists | for the Public"
3114:
2172:
2162:
2142:
2048:
2006:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1926:
1896:
1608:
1589:
1383:
1088:
964:
598:
275:
217:
121:
677:
to practice pathology as a medical specialty, one has to complete
6722:
6452:
6322:
6164:
5896:
5766:
5683:
5528:
5503:
5488:
5470:
5317:
5282:
5123:
5118:
5045:
5040:
5020:
4813:
4798:
4749:
4622:
4082:
4050:
3943:
3751:
3716:
3696:
3573:
3510:
2827:
Zérah, Simone; McMurray, Janet; Horváth, Andrea Rita (May 2011).
2092:
2014:
1944:
1872:
1662:
1472:
pathologies. It also significantly intersects with the field of
1215:
1142:
956:
944:
888:
721:
618:
610:
602:
303:
291:
221:
59:
3453:
WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education
1509:
883:
Forensic pathology focuses on determining the cause of death by
654:
6387:
5831:
5362:
5347:
5307:
5302:
5176:
5098:
5093:
5003:
3389:
3242:
Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 51, Issue 4, Page 310-319.
3119:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia?page=ix (preface): W.B. Saunders.
3067:
Netto, George J; Saad, Rana D; Dysert, Peter A (October 2003).
2077:
1994:
1604:
1345:
1341:
1234:
1223:
1118:
1068:
1065:
960:
854:
683:
626:
328:
320:
295:
279:
136:
3162:
for French Residency in Clinical Pathology (Biologie médicale)
2868:"Bulletin officiel du n°32 du 4 septembre 2003 – MENS0301444A"
1819:, particularly of severe disorders. Informed heavily by both
1109:
This tissue cross-section demonstrates the gross pathology of
1083:. These tests can be necessary to diagnose between infection,
986:
5493:
5392:
5324:
5312:
5050:
4998:
1990:
1978:
1868:
1306:
1257:
1121:. In a medical setting, renal pathologists work closely with
622:
606:
506:
502:
451:
439:
421:
3465:
5372:
5357:
5297:
4973:
4862:
4818:
3889:
3432:
3410:
2018:
1465:
1061:
807:
4718:
3421:
3413:: Comprehensive pathology website with numerous resources.
2983:
Zhang, Liwei; Pan, Chang-cun; Li, Deling (December 2015).
1484:, the latter of which helps diagnose many neurological or
5151:
3457:
3442:
3437:
2933:
1579:
3447:
3023:
517:, a concerted causal study of disease was underway (see
5035:
3405:
3400:
3211:"The New Crisis in Confidence in Psychiatric Diagnosis"
3115:
Neville BW; Damm DD; Allen CA & Bouquot JE (2002).
1149:, the vessels, or a combination of these compartments.
3416:
3225:
2884:
2302:
1833:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
1504:
3406:
American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP)
2826:
2044:
1627:
and as such inform significantly upon the fields of
1052:
Gross pathology of miliary tuberculosis of the lung.
19:"Pathobiology" redirects here. For the journal, see
1425:
3428:Intersociety Council for Pathology Training (ICPI)
2934:Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2011).
769:. The large cell in the top center is an abnormal
311:that diagnose disease, mostly through analysis of
3433:Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2575:
2307:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier.
1661:data necessary to establish baseline features of
6761:
3251:
2687:"Special stains and tests – DermNet New Zealand"
2225:Underwood's pathology : a clinical approach
569:was underway and examination of tissues had led
3448:United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology
3401:American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)
3066:
2582:Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
521:), with many notable early physicians (such as
2305:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
2033:of species that are of high importance to the
1775:Key aspects of pathology informatics include:
1678:(which uses the imaging technologies of X-ray
1071:. Diagnostic specimens are often obtained via
6276:
4734:
3905:
3481:
3205:
2489:
2469:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP. pp. 27+.
2284:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2005
1948:fields of anatomical and clinical pathology.
3108:
2766:
2649:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2256:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2221:
1256:analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and
444:), meaning "experience" or "suffering", and
2862:
2860:
1645:"experimental" or "investigative" pathology
1480:("ear, nose, and throat" specialists), and
404:Pathology is a significant field in modern
6283:
6269:
4741:
4727:
4194:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
3912:
3898:
3488:
3474:
3173:
2982:
2769:Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text
2767:Carson, Freida L; Hladik, Christa (2009).
2260:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1525:, but individual nations vary some in the
1517:Becoming a pathologist generally requires
6749:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
4535:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
3458:Atlases: High Resolution Pathology Images
3091:
3000:
2959:
2910:
2795:
2743:
2601:
2524:
2386:
2326:
2324:
1780:Laboratory information management systems
1260:, as well as tissues, using the tools of
259:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
135:All medical diagnostic tests, particular
2857:
2629:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
2434:
1950:
1858:
1747:
1737:
1508:
1435:
1305:
1162:
1104:
1047:
985:
922:
874:
806:
784:. This is diagnostic of erythroleukemia.
753:
653:
471:
6290:
3017:
2773:American Society for Clinical Pathology
2403:
2352:
2228:. Elsevier – Health Sciences Division.
1906:
1768:Pathology informatics is a subfield of
1543:American Osteopathic Board of Pathology
1280:properties of tissue samples involving
943:. This sample was attained through an
689:
6762:
3320:
2760:
2717:
2321:
1580:Overlap with other diagnostic medicine
1440:Many conditions, such as this case of
1396:quantitative polymerase chain reaction
1355:
1037:
660:Services Institute of Medical Sciences
529:is named) having developed methods of
6744:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
6264:
4722:
3893:
3469:
3199:
1241:
1152:
864:
6235:
4673:
4434:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
2464:
2409:
1496:. Owing to the availability of the
649:
480:in 1978 examine cultures containing
147:, and other applications of medical
6245:
4683:
3411:Pathpedia online pathology resource
2887:"The molecular pathology of cancer"
2353:Janssen, Diederik F. (April 2022).
1903:, which studies disease in plants.
1392:molecular pathological epidemiology
1390:is represented by a related field "
1060:and non-neoplastic diseases of the
939:of cardiac tissue reveals advanced
796:
539:The medical practices of the Romans
13:
5162:Evolutionary developmental biology
4570:Medical Scientist Training Program
3799:Fluorescence in situ hybridization
3438:Royal College of Pathologists (UK)
3330:Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics
3149:of the American Board of Pathology
3117:Oral & maxillofacial pathology
2029:and especially concerned with the
1966:
1804:
1758:digital imaging and image analysis
1505:Medical training and accreditation
1315:automated blood chemistry analyzer
1295:
1094:
14:
6786:
5187:Post-transcriptional modification
3381:
3221:from the original on 7 June 2013.
2814:10.1001/jama.1905.52510230037003c
2332:"Pathology Specialty Description"
1026:is taken to identify small fiber
997:of a brain reveals a significant
975:
912:
350:practicing pathology is called a
6244:
6234:
6225:
6224:
6212:
5563:
4702:
4692:
4682:
4672:
4663:
4662:
3767:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
3417:College of American Pathologists
3388:
3187:from the original on 1 June 2013
2885:Harris TJ; McCormick F. (2010).
2874:from the original on 2008-03-02.
2693:from the original on 2011-05-20.
2675:from the original on 2010-12-07.
2539:10.1097/00005650-197910000-00001
2414:. New York: Dover. pp. 1+.
2061:
2047:
1815:Psychopathology is the study of
1432:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
1426:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
1079:-guided percutaneous biopsy, or
743:
43:
4703:
3314:
3288:
3245:
3152:
3133:
3060:
2976:
2927:
2878:
2845:from the original on 2020-03-23
2820:
2789:
2711:
2697:
2679:
2657:
2618:
2569:
2518:
2447:from the original on 2014-02-14
1081:video-assisted thoracic surgery
581:", setting the stage for later
484:, the pathogen responsible for
4560:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
3994:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
3254:American Journal of Psychiatry
3231:Dalal PK, Sivakumar T. (2009)
3084:10.1080/08998280.2003.11927931
2483:
2458:
2428:
2346:
2334:. American Medical Association
2296:
2268:
2215:
658:A modern pathology lab at the
393:), and physiological systems (
247:Doctor of Osteopathic medicine
1:
3495:
2989:Chinese Neurosurgical Journal
2669:American Board of Dermatology
2504:10.1016/j.humpath.2004.06.004
2209:
2158:Minimally-invasive procedures
1854:
1562:Royal College of Pathologists
1558:Royal College of Pathologists
927:An instance of diagnosis via
253:Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
4540:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
4307:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
3919:
1839:and other of the biological
1720:positron emission tomography
716:, chemical, immunologic and
415:
7:
4748:
3321:Rollin, Bernard E. (2006).
3215:Annals of Internal Medicine
2771:(3rd ed.). Hong Kong:
2435:Arcolani, Giovanni (1542).
2040:
1450:American Dental Association
1196:interventional radiologists
478:Centers for Disease Control
124:and physiological disorders
10:
6791:
3424:(Atlas in Human Pathology)
2027:plant disease epidemiology
1970:
1910:
1808:
1760:, networks, databases and
1741:
1684:magnetic resonance imaging
1583:
1429:
1359:
1299:
1245:
1220:magnetic resonance imaging
1156:
1098:
1041:
1001:that occupies much of the
999:arteriovenous malformation
979:
931:, this high-magnification
916:
868:
800:
747:
693:
551:Medicine in medieval Islam
537:for a number of diseases.
519:Medicine in ancient Greece
465:
461:
452:
440:
29:
25:Pathology (disambiguation)
18:
6731:
6298:
6206:
6175:
5737:
5707:
5673:Polymerase chain reaction
5633:Green fluorescent protein
5583:
5572:
5561:
5469:
5401:
5333:
5273:
5210:Earliest known life forms
5195:
5142:
5059:
4966:
4806:
4797:
4756:
4658:
4580:
4518:
4279:
4207:
4162:
4071:
3942:
3927:
3807:
3732:
3503:
3342:10.1007/s11017-006-9007-8
3072:Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)
3002:10.1186/s41016-015-0006-3
2903:10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.41
2281:Oxford English Dictionary
2198:Speech–language pathology
704:) or anatomic pathology (
497:, including those of the
267:
232:
227:
211:
199:
184:
179:
162:
154:
128:
106:
66:
54:
42:
4494:Transplantation medicine
4385:Clinical neurophysiology
4302:Obstetric anesthesiology
4222:Interventional radiology
3982:Digestive system surgery
3266:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.4
3038:10.1177/0300985813511132
2037:or other human utility.
1997:, virus-like organisms,
1420:antimicrobial resistance
5725:species discovery curve
4853:Response to environment
4365:Intensive care medicine
4339:Mass gathering medicine
4184:Maternal–fetal medicine
3874:Microbiological culture
3504:Principles of pathology
2952:10.1136/gut.2010.217182
2627:Robbins Basic Pathology
2098:Environmental pathology
1884:Pasteurella haemolytica
1688:medical ultrasonography
1554:General Medical Council
1488:conditions relevant to
1075:transbronchial biopsy,
885:post-mortem examination
777:, with megaloblastoid
543:those of the Byzantines
6358:Biological engineering
6198:Plant morphology terms
5802:Biological engineering
5484:Biological interaction
3957:Cardiothoracic surgery
3181:"Types of Oncologists"
2371:10.32074/1591-951X-261
1963:
1887:
1875:consistent with acute
1765:
1728:magnetoencephalography
1724:electroencephalography
1514:
1478:otorhinolaryngologists
1445:
1317:
1188:medical subspecialists
1175:
1114:
1053:
1006:
948:
880:
816:
785:
700:Anatomical pathology (
662:
525:, for whom the modern
489:
482:Legionella pneumophila
23:. For other uses, see
6443:Developmental biology
6418:Computational biology
6398:Cellular microbiology
5887:Developmental biology
5862:Computational biology
5842:Cellular microbiology
5182:Mendelian inheritance
5094:Energy transformation
4608:Personalized medicine
4467:Reproductive medicine
4392:Occupational medicine
4346:Evolutionary medicine
3837:Diagnostic immunology
3662:Programmed cell death
3630:Liquefactive necrosis
2465:King, Lester (1991).
2441:World Digital Library
2410:Long, Esmond (1965).
2138:Medical jurisprudence
1954:
1862:
1845:pathological gambling
1751:
1742:Further information:
1738:Pathology informatics
1512:
1439:
1408:in situ hybridization
1309:
1274:medical technologists
1266:clinical microbiology
1166:
1108:
1051:
989:
926:
878:
810:
757:
686:, and tissue types.
657:
571:British Royal Society
486:Legionnaire's disease
475:
6663:Reproductive biology
6548:Mathematical biology
6473:Evolutionary biology
6423:Conservation biology
6105:Reproductive biology
5992:Mathematical biology
5917:Evolutionary biology
5867:Conservation biology
5678:Two-hybrid screening
5648:Protein purification
5479:Biogeochemical cycle
5441:Internal environment
5089:Cellular respiration
4628:Traditional medicine
4588:Alternative medicine
4455:Addiction psychiatry
4269:Transfusion medicine
4264:Medical microbiology
4179:Gynecologic oncology
4031:Reproductive surgery
3832:Medical microbiology
3827:Transfusion medicine
3784:Immunohistochemistry
3734:Anatomical pathology
3625:Coagulative necrosis
3397:at Wikimedia Commons
3026:Veterinary Pathology
2718:Lett D (July 2007).
2412:History of Pathology
2276:"-pathy, comb. form"
2128:List of pathologists
2013:. Damage caused by
1961:tobacco mosaic virus
1913:Veterinary pathology
1907:Veterinary pathology
843:immunohistochemistry
821:integumentary system
696:Anatomical pathology
690:Anatomical pathology
590:natural philosophers
495:historical societies
371:anatomical pathology
342:conditions (such as
261:(M.B.B.S./M.B.Ch.B.)
167:Glossary of medicine
72:Anatomical pathology
6775:Branches of biology
6448:Ecological genetics
6292:Branches of biology
5892:Ecological genetics
5603:Gel electrophoresis
5593:Genetic engineering
5546:Population dynamics
5456:Reproductive system
4650:History of medicine
4633:Veterinary medicine
4440:Preventive medicine
4292:Adolescent medicine
4134:Infectious diseases
3789:Electron microscopy
3757:Molecular pathology
3635:Gangrenous necrosis
3567:Cellular adaptation
3302:on October 24, 2013
2736:10.1503/cmaj.070881
2108:Etiology (medicine)
1923:veterinary practice
1732:electrocardiography
1718:techniques such as
1708:medical photography
1586:Diagnostic medicine
1566:pediatric pathology
1547:laboratory medicine
1482:speech pathologists
1362:Molecular pathology
1356:Molecular pathology
1282:automated analysers
1131:electron microscopy
1127:transplant surgeons
1044:Pulmonary pathology
1038:Pulmonary pathology
941:cardiac amyloidosis
847:electron microscopy
671:Biomedical research
644:diagnostic medicine
468:History of medicine
309:medical specialties
176:
96:molecular pathology
39:
6739:History of biology
6673:Structural biology
6658:Relational biology
6483:Generative biology
6478:Freshwater biology
6219:Biology portal
6115:Structural biology
6100:Relational biology
5927:Generative biology
5922:Freshwater biology
5720:mark and recapture
5668:Restriction enzyme
5461:Respiratory system
5416:Circulatory system
5343:Epidermis (botany)
4598:Molecular oncology
4555:Doctor of Medicine
4545:Master of Medicine
4462:Radiation oncology
4334:Emergency medicine
4287:Addiction medicine
4254:Clinical chemistry
4249:Clinical pathology
4041:Transplant surgery
3999:Orthopedic surgery
3977:Colorectal surgery
3817:Clinical chemistry
3809:Clinical pathology
3794:Immunofluorescence
3762:Forensic pathology
3742:Surgical pathology
3650:Fibrinoid necrosis
3238:2018-06-02 at the
3167:2008-02-28 at the
3145:2007-06-30 at the
2891:Nat Rev Clin Oncol
2796:Wilson LB (1905).
2775:Press. p. 2.
2705:"Dermatopathology"
2665:"Dermatopathology"
2188:Precision medicine
1964:
1959:infected with the
1888:
1882:, possibly due to
1841:cognitive sciences
1770:health informatics
1766:
1716:functional imaging
1625:infectious disease
1607:, the practice of
1594:Infectious disease
1515:
1446:
1416:immunofluorescence
1318:
1311:Clinical chemistry
1248:Clinical pathology
1242:Clinical pathology
1184:general internists
1176:
1159:Surgical pathology
1153:Surgical pathology
1135:immunofluorescence
1115:
1111:polycystic kidneys
1054:
1007:
949:
881:
871:Forensic pathology
865:Forensic pathology
839:immunofluorescence
826:dermatopathologist
817:
813:malignant melanoma
791:cytocentrifugation
786:
734:forensic pathology
726:surgical pathology
663:
577:to coin the word "
490:
399:forensic pathology
375:clinical pathology
241:Doctor of Medicine
234:Education required
174:
100:surgical pathology
84:forensic pathology
76:clinical pathology
37:
6757:
6756:
6678:Synthetic biology
6558:Molecular biology
6413:Cognitive biology
6258:
6257:
6120:Synthetic biology
6002:Molecular biology
5857:Cognitive biology
5733:
5732:
5559:
5558:
5250:Natural selection
5031:Organic compounds
4928:Scientific method
4918:Emergent property
4859:Hierarchy of life
4829:Energy processing
4716:
4715:
4550:Master of Surgery
4514:
4513:
4499:Tropical medicine
4445:Prison healthcare
4360:Hospital medicine
4324:Disaster medicine
4314:Aviation medicine
4129:Hospital medicine
4036:Surgical oncology
4021:Pediatric surgery
4015:
3962:Endocrine surgery
3887:
3886:
3854:Mass spectrometry
3393:Media related to
2782:978-0-89189-581-7
2636:978-1-4160-2973-1
2476:978-0-8018-4057-9
2421:978-0-486-61342-0
2314:978-1-4160-3121-5
2235:978-0-7020-7212-3
2133:Medical diagnosis
1941:companion animals
1849:pathological liar
1798:Quality assurance
1786:Digital pathology
1744:Digital pathology
1690:(or ultrasound),
1527:medical licensing
1442:geographic tongue
1414:, antibody-based
1372:molecular biology
1322:white blood cells
1024:punch skin biopsy
894:medical doctorate
650:General pathology
428:derives from the
406:medical diagnosis
389:), organs (as in
325:pathophysiologies
285:
284:
172:
171:
21:Karger Publishers
6782:
6403:Chemical biology
6285:
6278:
6271:
6262:
6261:
6248:
6247:
6238:
6237:
6228:
6227:
6221:
6217:
6216:
6193:Ecological terms
5847:Chemical biology
5708:Field techniques
5581:
5580:
5567:
5426:Digestive system
5421:Endocrine system
4994:Chemical element
4953:Biology journals
4849:Self-replication
4804:
4803:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4720:
4719:
4706:
4705:
4696:
4686:
4685:
4676:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4370:Medical genetics
4355:General practice
4232:Nuclear medicine
4107:Gastroenterology
4063:Vascular surgery
4013:
3940:
3939:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3774:Gross processing
3640:Caseous necrosis
3490:
3483:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3392:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3360:. Archived from
3327:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3298:. Archived from
3292:
3286:
3285:
3249:
3243:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3177:
3171:
3156:
3150:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2963:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2864:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2833:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2640:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2247:
2219:
2083:Causal inference
2071:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2011:parasitic plants
1712:nuclear medicine
1621:cancerous masses
1521:-training after
1490:speech phonology
1474:dental pathology
1232:gastrointestinal
907:forensic science
803:Dermatopathology
797:Dermatopathology
667:medical practice
527:Hippocratic Oath
457:
456:
443:
442:
410:medical research
290:is the study of
213:Activity sectors
177:
173:
132:
110:
80:dermatopathology
47:
40:
36:
6790:
6789:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6727:
6688:Systems biology
6653:Quantum biology
6294:
6289:
6259:
6254:
6211:
6210:
6202:
6188:Botanical terms
6171:
6170:
6169:
6130:Systems biology
6095:Quantum biology
5729:
5703:
5585:
5575:
5568:
5555:
5465:
5446:Muscular system
5403:
5397:
5388:Vascular tissue
5335:
5329:
5269:
5230:History of life
5191:
5172:Gene regulation
5167:Gene expression
5138:
5055:
4962:
4793:
4752:
4747:
4717:
4712:
4654:
4643:Chief physician
4576:
4521:
4510:
4504:Travel medicine
4489:Sports medicine
4472:Sexual medicine
4412:Palliative care
4407:Pain management
4351:Family medicine
4329:Diving medicine
4275:
4203:
4165:
4158:
4074:
4067:
4026:Plastic surgery
3972:General surgery
3952:Cardiac surgery
3933:
3931:
3923:
3918:
3888:
3883:
3842:Immunopathology
3822:Hematopathology
3803:
3728:
3499:
3494:
3462:
3384:
3379:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3325:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3250:
3246:
3240:Wayback Machine
3230:
3226:
3209:(17 May 2013).
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3169:Wayback Machine
3157:
3153:
3147:Wayback Machine
3138:
3134:
3127:
3113:
3109:
3065:
3061:
3022:
3018:
2981:
2977:
2932:
2928:
2883:
2879:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:EFCC Newsletter
2831:
2825:
2821:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2765:
2761:
2716:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2623:
2619:
2574:
2570:
2533:(10): 975–988.
2523:
2519:
2498:(10): 1179–88.
2492:Human Pathology
2488:
2484:
2477:
2463:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2408:
2404:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2183:Pathophysiology
2069:Medicine portal
2067:
2062:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2043:
1975:
1973:Plant pathology
1969:
1967:Plant pathology
1919:
1911:Main articles:
1909:
1857:
1813:
1811:Psychopathology
1807:
1805:Psychopathology
1746:
1740:
1700:tactile imaging
1651:Medical imaging
1600:
1598:Medical imaging
1584:Main articles:
1582:
1507:
1434:
1428:
1364:
1358:
1326:red blood cells
1304:
1302:Hematopathology
1298:
1296:Hematopathology
1290:Immunopathology
1250:
1244:
1161:
1155:
1103:
1101:Renal pathology
1097:
1095:Renal pathology
1046:
1040:
1020:medical imaging
984:
978:
921:
915:
903:physical trauma
873:
867:
805:
799:
767:erythroleukemia
765:from a case of
752:
746:
698:
692:
652:
511:Hellenic period
470:
464:
418:
391:renal pathology
383:hematopathology
272:
270:
235:
214:
202:
201:Occupation type
130:
108:
88:hematopathology
50:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6788:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6543:Marine biology
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6353:Bioinformatics
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6288:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6265:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6242:
6232:
6222:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6172:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5987:Marine biology
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5797:Bioinformatics
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5628:DNA microarray
5625:
5623:DNA sequencing
5620:
5615:
5613:Centrifugation
5610:
5608:Chromatography
5605:
5600:
5598:Transformation
5595:
5589:
5587:
5578:
5570:
5569:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5509:Climate change
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5451:Nervous system
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5383:Vascular plant
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5290:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5240:Microevolution
5237:
5235:Macroevolution
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5148:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5129:Photosynthesis
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5084:Cell signaling
5081:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4967:Chemical basis
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4933:Taxonomic rank
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4913:Reductionistic
4910:
4856:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4774:
4769:
4760:Introduction (
4757:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4723:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4690:
4680:
4670:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4581:Related topics
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4530:Medical school
4526:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4484:Sleep medicine
4481:
4480:
4479:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4297:Anesthesiology
4294:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4227:Neuroradiology
4224:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:Obstetrics and
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4046:Trauma surgery
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4009:Otolaryngology
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3937:
3935:subspecialties
3925:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3864:Flow cytometry
3861:
3859:Chromatography
3856:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3779:Histopathology
3776:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3705:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3385:
3383:
3382:External links
3380:
3378:
3377:
3336:(4): 285–304.
3313:
3287:
3244:
3224:
3198:
3172:
3160:Reglementation
3151:
3132:
3126:978-0721690032
3125:
3107:
3059:
3032:(2): 341–350.
3016:
2975:
2946:(3): 397–411.
2926:
2897:(5): 251–265.
2877:
2856:
2819:
2802:J Am Med Assoc
2788:
2781:
2759:
2710:
2696:
2678:
2656:
2635:
2617:
2568:
2517:
2482:
2475:
2457:
2427:
2420:
2402:
2365:(2): 185–188.
2345:
2320:
2313:
2295:
2278:. OED Online.
2267:
2234:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:Cell (biology)
2085:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2058:
2055:Biology portal
2042:
2039:
1971:Main article:
1968:
1965:
1917:Animal testing
1908:
1905:
1901:phytopathology
1856:
1853:
1817:mental illness
1809:Main article:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1754:slide scanning
1739:
1736:
1581:
1578:
1523:medical school
1506:
1503:
1462:salivary gland
1456:, infectious,
1430:Main article:
1427:
1424:
1412:DNA sequencing
1404:DNA microarray
1360:Main article:
1357:
1354:
1300:Main article:
1297:
1294:
1246:Main article:
1243:
1240:
1192:dermatologists
1157:Main article:
1154:
1151:
1099:Main article:
1096:
1093:
1042:Main article:
1039:
1036:
982:Neuropathology
980:Main article:
977:
976:Neuropathology
974:
969:frozen section
929:histopathology
919:Histopathology
917:Main article:
914:
913:Histopathology
911:
869:Main article:
866:
863:
851:flow cytometry
801:Main article:
798:
795:
775:multinucleated
748:Main article:
745:
742:
694:Main article:
691:
688:
679:medical school
651:
648:
635:Rudolf Virchow
515:ancient Greece
466:Main article:
463:
460:
417:
414:
395:oral pathology
387:histopathology
367:non-infectious
336:cardiomyopathy
307:inter-related
283:
282:
273:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
256:
250:
244:
236:
233:
230:
229:
225:
224:
215:
212:
209:
208:
203:
200:
197:
196:
195:
194:
191:
186:
182:
181:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
141:blood analysis
133:
126:
125:
111:
104:
103:
92:histopathology
68:
64:
63:
56:
52:
51:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6787:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6623:Phylogenetics
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6518:Human biology
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6408:Chronobiology
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6383:Biotechnology
6381:
6379:
6378:Biostatistics
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6286:
6281:
6279:
6274:
6272:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6251:
6243:
6241:
6233:
6231:
6223:
6220:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6065:Phylogenetics
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5962:Human biology
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5852:Chronobiology
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5827:Biotechnology
5825:
5823:
5822:Biostatistics
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5715:Belt transect
5713:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5663:Southern blot
5661:
5659:
5658:Northern blot
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5571:
5566:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5436:Immune system
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:Ground tissue
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:Phylogenetics
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5220:Genetic drift
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5026:Nucleic acids
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4989:Chemical bond
4987:
4985:
4984:Carbohydrates
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4739:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4709:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4689:
4681:
4679:
4671:
4669:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:Public health
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4593:Allied health
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:Oral medicine
4400:
4398:
4397:Ophthalmology
4395:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:Cytopathology
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4199:Urogynecology
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Endocrinology
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Cytopathology
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3691:Accumulations
3689:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:Wound healing
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3486:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3367:on 2020-10-08
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3207:Allen Frances
3202:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:(4): 379–83.
3077:
3073:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2652:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2203:Telepathology
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1962:
1958:
1957:tobacco plant
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:has revealed
1870:
1866:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:Telepathology
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:telepathology
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:neuromuscular
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:multiplex PCR
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:bodily fluids
1363:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1203:tissue sample
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:nephrologists
1120:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:bronchoscopic
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1003:parietal lobe
1000:
996:
995:cross-section
993:
988:
983:
973:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
920:
910:
908:
904:
900:
895:
890:
886:
877:
872:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
830:dermatologist
827:
822:
814:
809:
804:
794:
792:
783:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
761:
756:
751:
750:Cytopathology
744:Cytopathology
741:
739:
735:
731:
730:cytopathology
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:United States
703:
697:
687:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
661:
656:
647:
645:
641:
636:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:Enlightenment
556:
552:
548:
547:Classical Era
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
487:
483:
479:
474:
469:
459:
455:
449:
448:
437:
434:
431:
430:Ancient Greek
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:cytopathology
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:psychological
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
281:
277:
274:
266:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
237:
231:
226:
223:
219:
216:
210:
207:
204:
198:
192:
189:
188:
187:
183:
178:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
105:
102:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
33:
26:
22:
6668:Sociobiology
6648:Protistology
6613:Photobiology
6608:Pharmacology
6602:
6598:Parasitology
6593:Paleontology
6573:Neuroscience
6553:Microbiology
6463:Epidemiology
6433:Cytogenetics
6393:Cell biology
6373:Biosemiotics
6363:Biomechanics
6343:Biogeography
6338:Biochemistry
6333:Bacteriology
6328:Astrobiology
6110:Sociobiology
6090:Protistology
6055:Photobiology
6050:Pharmacology
6042:Parasitology
6037:Paleontology
6017:Neuroscience
5997:Microbiology
5907:Epidemiology
5877:Cytogenetics
5837:Cell biology
5817:Biosemiotics
5807:Biomechanics
5787:Biogeography
5782:Biochemistry
5777:Bacteriology
5772:Astrobiology
5696:
5689:
5682:
5653:Western blot
5643:Enzyme assay
5618:Cell culture
5519:Conservation
5404:and function
5402:Animal form
5336:and function
5109:Fermentation
4887:Organ system
4845:Reproduction
4823:Properties (
4618:Rural health
4603:Nanomedicine
4238:
4154:Rheumatology
4085: /
4004:Hand surgery
3989:Neurosurgery
3849:Enzyme assay
3695:
3690:
3679:Karyorrhexis
3655:Myocytolysis
3645:Fat necrosis
3550:Inflammation
3538:Hemodynamics
3531:Pathogenesis
3496:
3463:
3369:. Retrieved
3362:the original
3333:
3329:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3300:the original
3290:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3227:
3214:
3201:
3189:. Retrieved
3175:
3159:
3154:
3135:
3116:
3110:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3029:
3025:
3019:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2847:. Retrieved
2835:
2822:
2808:(23): 1737.
2805:
2801:
2791:
2768:
2762:
2730:(3): 240–1.
2727:
2723:
2713:
2699:
2681:
2668:
2659:
2626:
2620:
2588:(1): 42–55.
2585:
2581:
2571:
2530:
2527:Medical Care
2526:
2520:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2466:
2460:
2449:. Retrieved
2443:(in Latin).
2440:
2430:
2411:
2405:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2304:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2279:
2270:
2224:
2217:
2193:Spectroscopy
2178:Pathogenesis
2168:Parasitology
2148:Microbiology
2103:Epidemiology
2031:horticulture
1999:phytoplasmas
1976:
1932:epidemiology
1920:
1889:
1883:
1837:neuroscience
1814:
1774:
1767:
1704:thermography
1696:elastography
1672:pathogenesis
1649:
1641:parasitology
1629:epidemiology
1601:
1570:
1551:
1516:
1447:
1388:epidemiology
1376:biochemistry
1365:
1319:
1251:
1228:skin lesions
1208:
1198:. Often an
1177:
1168:Brain biopsy
1147:interstitium
1116:
1091:conditions.
1085:inflammation
1055:
1028:neuropathies
1016:neurosurgery
1008:
953:human tissue
950:
882:
818:
787:
771:erythroblast
705:
702:Commonwealth
701:
699:
664:
632:
595:microbiology
587:
575:Robert Hooke
491:
481:
445:
435:
425:
419:
403:
359:pathogenesis
356:
351:
331:
299:
287:
286:
129:Significant
107:Significant
70:
67:Subdivisions
58:
6718:Xenobiology
6713:Virophysics
6683:Systematics
6638:Primatology
6583:Ornithology
6523:Ichthyology
6508:Herpetology
6503:Gerontology
6468:Epigenetics
6428:Cryobiology
6318:Agrostology
6308:Aerobiology
6303:Abiogenesis
6250:WikiProject
6160:Xenobiology
6155:Virophysics
6125:Systematics
6080:Primatology
6027:Ornithology
5967:Ichthyology
5952:Herpetology
5947:Gerontology
5912:Epigenetics
5872:Cryobiology
5762:Agrostology
5752:Aerobiology
5747:Abiogenesis
5584:Laboratory
5431:Homeostasis
5334:Plant form
5157:Epigenetics
5079:Cell theory
4979:Amino acids
4958:Common name
4948:Peer review
4923:Mechanistic
4688:Wikiproject
4477:Venereology
4422:Neonatology
4319:Dermatology
4174:Gynaecology
4166:gynaecology
4149:Pulmonology
3967:Eye surgery
3929:Specialties
3703:Hemosiderin
3584:Hyperplasia
3579:Hypertrophy
3555:Cell damage
3422:humpath.com
3260:(1): 4–12.
2359:Pathologica
1865:post-mortem
1863:This field
1829:psychiatric
1680:radiography
1574:pharmacists
1498:oral cavity
1470:soft tissue
1454:odontogenic
1338:lymph nodes
1334:bone marrow
1278:biophysical
967:, although
835:skin biopsy
760:bone marrow
714:microscopic
583:germ theory
555:Renaissance
523:Hippocrates
499:Middle East
352:pathologist
344:psychopathy
298:. The word
228:Description
175:Pathologist
158:Pathologist
32:Corner case
6764:Categories
6703:Toxicology
6698:Teratology
6643:Proteomics
6628:Physiology
6568:Neontology
6533:Lipidology
6528:Immunology
6498:Geobiology
6458:Embryology
6438:Dendrology
6368:Biophysics
6348:Biogeology
6176:Glossaries
6145:Toxicology
6140:Teratology
6085:Proteomics
6070:Physiology
6012:Neontology
5977:Lipidology
5972:Immunology
5942:Geobiology
5902:Embryology
5882:Dendrology
5812:Biophysics
5792:Biogeology
5586:techniques
5541:Microbiome
5368:Plant stem
5260:Speciation
5205:Adaptation
5134:Prokaryote
5114:Metabolism
5074:Cell cycle
4905:>
4901:>
4897:>
4895:Population
4893:>
4889:>
4885:>
4881:>
4877:>
4873:>
4869:>
4865:>
4841:Regulation
4825:Adaptation
4450:Psychiatry
4436:(PM&R)
4429:Phlebology
4417:Pediatrics
4244:Anatomical
4209:Diagnostic
4189:Obstetrics
4139:Nephrology
4124:Hematology
4119:Geriatrics
4112:Hepatology
4097:Cardiology
4087:Immunology
3869:Blood bank
3712:Lipofuscin
3708:Lipochrome
3684:Karyolysis
3613:Cell death
3594:Metaplasia
3371:2019-12-17
3306:October 3,
2451:2014-03-02
2244:1043350646
2210:References
2153:Microscopy
2123:Immunology
2113:Hematology
2035:human diet
2023:vertebrate
1877:haemolytic
1855:Non-humans
1821:psychology
1667:physiology
1637:immunology
1494:swallowing
1458:epithelial
1380:proteomics
1350:infiltrate
1270:hematology
1254:laboratory
1212:ultrasound
1172:stereotaxy
1139:glomerulus
1058:neoplastic
933:micrograph
899:toxicology
738:laboratory
640:physiology
567:microscopy
363:infectious
317:human cell
271:employment
180:Occupation
155:Specialist
149:microscopy
145:dissection
115:infectious
6770:Pathology
6618:Phycology
6603:Pathology
6588:Osteology
6578:Nutrition
6538:Mammalogy
6513:Histology
6060:Phycology
6046:Pathology
6032:Osteology
6022:Nutrition
5982:Mammalogy
5957:Histology
5698:in silico
5574:Research
5551:Resources
5524:Ecosystem
5514:Community
5499:Biosphere
5411:Breathing
5293:Eukaryote
5275:Diversity
5225:Gene flow
5197:Evolution
5104:Eukaryote
5016:Molecules
4907:Biosphere
4903:Ecosystem
4899:Community
4871:Organelle
4766:Evolution
4638:Physician
4522:education
4380:Neurology
4375:Narcology
4239:Pathology
4217:Radiology
4092:Angiology
4056:Andrology
3724:Steatosis
3667:Apoptosis
3604:Glandular
3589:Dysplasia
3521:Neoplasia
3516:Infection
3497:Pathology
3395:Pathology
3054:206510903
2645:cite book
2594:0899-8280
2379:1591-951X
2338:5 October
2252:cite book
2118:Histology
2007:nematodes
1983:oomycetes
1937:livestock
1880:pneumonia
1825:neurology
1692:endoscopy
1676:radiology
1659:biometric
1613:resection
1539:residency
1519:specialty
1330:platelets
1262:chemistry
1012:neurology
859:neoplasms
782:chromatin
718:molecular
535:prognosis
531:diagnosis
509:. By the
426:pathology
416:Etymology
348:physician
300:pathology
288:Pathology
276:Hospitals
269:Fields of
206:Specialty
190:Physician
38:Pathology
6732:See also
6708:Virology
6693:Taxonomy
6633:Pomology
6563:Mycology
6493:Genomics
6488:Genetics
6313:Agronomy
6230:Category
6150:Virology
6135:Taxonomy
6075:Pomology
6007:Mycology
5937:Genomics
5932:Genetics
5757:Agronomy
5738:Branches
5691:in vitro
5288:Bacteria
5265:Taxonomy
5245:Mutation
5215:Function
5144:Genetics
5046:Proteins
4891:Organism
4867:Molecule
4851:),
4807:Overview
4782:Timeline
4762:Genetics
4668:Category
4144:Oncology
4075:medicine
4073:Internal
3921:Medicine
3879:Serology
3674:Pyknosis
3620:Necrosis
3599:Squamous
3543:Ischemia
3358:18620094
3350:16937023
3282:16151623
3274:12505793
3236:Archived
3219:Archived
3185:Archived
3165:Archived
3143:Archived
3140:Homepage
3102:16278751
3046:24569613
3011:29219804
2995:(1): 4.
2970:21036793
2921:20351699
2872:Archived
2849:23 March
2840:Archived
2754:17664437
2691:Archived
2689:. 2008.
2673:Archived
2612:16200088
2563:23045808
2512:15492984
2445:Archived
2397:35481571
2288:23 March
2173:Pathogen
2163:Oncology
2143:Medicine
2041:See also
2003:protozoa
1987:bacteria
1927:zoonotic
1897:Animalia
1655:internal
1633:etiology
1609:oncology
1590:Oncology
1398:(qPCR),
1384:genetics
1286:cultures
1089:fibrotic
1066:thoracic
1032:invasive
965:formalin
889:coroners
773:: it is
675:licensed
619:protists
599:bacteria
327:"). The
218:Medicine
163:Glossary
122:diseases
109:diseases
6723:Zoology
6453:Ecology
6323:Anatomy
6240:Commons
6183:Biology
6165:Zoology
5897:Ecology
5767:Anatomy
5684:in vivo
5576:methods
5529:Habitat
5504:Climate
5489:Biomass
5471:Ecology
5318:Protist
5283:Archaea
5177:Genomes
5124:Mitosis
5119:Meiosis
5041:Polymer
5021:Monomer
5009:Quantum
4843:,
4839:,
4835:,
4831:,
4827:,
4814:Science
4799:Biology
4777:History
4772:Outline
4750:Biology
4708:Outline
4678:Commons
4623:Therapy
4520:Medical
4083:Allergy
4051:Urology
3944:Surgery
3752:Autopsy
3717:Melanin
3697:pigment
3574:Atrophy
3511:Disease
3093:1214554
2961:3040598
2912:2222796
2745:1930175
2603:1200640
2547:3763869
2388:9248257
2093:Disease
2015:insects
1995:viroids
1991:viruses
1945:mammals
1893:kingdom
1873:lesions
1663:anatomy
1617:staging
1216:CT scan
1200:excised
1143:tubules
1119:kidneys
992:coronal
957:surgery
945:autopsy
937:section
857:") and
779:nuclear
722:autopsy
611:amoebae
603:viruses
573:member
563:Baroque
462:History
304:biology
292:disease
280:Clinics
255:(D.V.M)
222:Surgery
193:Surgeon
119:organic
60:Disease
6388:Botany
5832:Botany
5638:vector
5494:Biomes
5363:Phloem
5348:Flower
5308:Fungus
5303:Animal
5099:Enzyme
5004:Matter
4999:Lipids
4938:Theory
4879:Tissue
4833:Growth
4698:Portal
4565:MD–PhD
3356:
3348:
3280:
3272:
3191:25 May
3123:
3100:
3090:
3052:
3044:
3009:
2968:
2958:
2919:
2909:
2779:
2752:
2742:
2633:
2610:
2600:
2592:
2561:
2555:386008
2553:
2545:
2510:
2473:
2418:
2395:
2385:
2377:
2311:
2242:
2232:
2078:Biopsy
1899:) and
1730:, and
1639:, and
1605:cancer
1596:, and
1346:spleen
1342:thymus
1336:, the
1328:, and
1235:polyps
1224:lesion
1194:, and
1170:under
1141:, the
1133:, and
1069:pleura
1014:, and
961:biopsy
855:rashes
732:, and
684:organs
627:humors
623:prions
621:, and
561:, and
505:, and
454:-λογία
447:-logia
436:pathos
385:, and
346:). A
338:) and
329:suffix
321:cancer
313:tissue
296:injury
249:(D.O.)
243:(M.D.)
137:biopsy
5534:niche
5393:Xylem
5378:Shoot
5325:Virus
5313:Plant
5061:Cells
5051:Water
4974:Atoms
4883:Organ
4837:Order
4789:Index
4280:Other
3526:Cause
3365:(PDF)
3354:S2CID
3326:(PDF)
3278:S2CID
3050:S2CID
3007:S2CID
2843:(PDF)
2832:(PDF)
2559:S2CID
2543:JSTOR
2019:mites
1979:fungi
1867:of a
1313:: an
1258:urine
1218:, or
1180:gross
1087:, or
1062:lungs
990:This
935:of a
763:smear
710:gross
615:molds
607:fungi
507:China
503:India
441:πάθος
433:roots
424:term
422:Latin
332:pathy
185:Names
131:tests
55:Focus
5373:Root
5358:Leaf
5298:Alga
4875:Cell
4863:Atom
4819:Life
3346:PMID
3308:2013
3270:PMID
3193:2013
3121:ISBN
3098:PMID
3042:PMID
2966:PMID
2917:PMID
2851:2020
2777:ISBN
2750:PMID
2724:CMAJ
2651:link
2631:ISBN
2608:PMID
2590:ISSN
2551:PMID
2508:PMID
2471:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2393:PMID
2375:ISSN
2340:2020
2309:ISBN
2290:2020
2262:link
2258:link
2240:OCLC
2230:ISBN
2009:and
1939:and
1915:and
1823:and
1714:and
1665:and
1535:M.D.
1531:D.O.
1468:and
1466:bone
1382:and
1284:and
1230:and
1145:and
1125:and
1064:and
579:cell
541:and
533:and
420:The
408:and
373:and
365:and
315:and
294:and
117:and
113:All
5152:DNA
5069:ATP
4943:Law
4014:ENT
3932:and
3338:doi
3262:doi
3258:160
3088:PMC
3080:doi
3034:doi
2997:doi
2956:PMC
2948:doi
2940:Gut
2907:PMC
2899:doi
2810:doi
2740:PMC
2732:doi
2728:177
2598:PMC
2535:doi
2500:doi
2383:PMC
2367:doi
2363:114
1895:of
1869:ewe
1851:).
1847:or
1686:,
1619:of
1533:or
1492:or
669:.
513:of
401:).
6766::
5036:pH
4764:,
4353:/
3352:.
3344:.
3334:27
3332:.
3328:.
3276:.
3268:.
3256:.
3217:.
3213:.
3096:.
3086:.
3076:16
3074:.
3048:.
3040:.
3030:51
3028:.
3005:.
2991:.
2987:.
2964:.
2954:.
2944:60
2942:.
2938:.
2915:.
2905:.
2893:.
2889:.
2859:^
2834:.
2806:45
2804:.
2800:.
2748:.
2738:.
2726:.
2722:.
2671:.
2667:.
2647:}}
2643:{{
2606:.
2596:.
2586:17
2584:.
2580:.
2557:.
2549:.
2541:.
2531:17
2529:.
2506:.
2496:35
2494:.
2439:.
2391:.
2381:.
2373:.
2361:.
2357:.
2323:^
2254:}}
2250:{{
2238:.
2021:,
2017:,
2005:,
2001:,
1993:,
1989:,
1985:,
1981:,
1955:A
1943:,
1756:,
1726:,
1710:,
1706:,
1702:,
1698:,
1694:,
1682:)
1647:.
1635:,
1631:,
1592:,
1588:,
1464:,
1460:,
1410:,
1406:,
1402:,
1378:,
1374:,
1344:,
1340:,
1324:,
1268:,
1264:,
1214:,
1190:,
1186:,
1077:CT
1034:.
959:,
909:.
849:,
845:,
841:,
811:A
793:.
758:A
728:,
712:,
646:.
617:,
613:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
585:.
557:,
501:,
412:.
381:,
354:.
278:,
220:,
143:,
139:,
98:,
94:,
90:,
86:,
82:,
78:,
74:,
6284:e
6277:t
6270:v
4909:)
4861:(
4855:)
4847:(
4768:)
4742:e
4735:t
4728:v
3913:e
3906:t
3899:v
3710:/
3489:e
3482:t
3475:v
3374:.
3340::
3310:.
3284:.
3264::
3195:.
3129:.
3104:.
3082::
3056:.
3036::
3013:.
2999::
2993:1
2972:.
2950::
2923:.
2901::
2895:7
2853:.
2816:.
2812::
2785:.
2756:.
2734::
2707:.
2653:)
2639:.
2614:.
2565:.
2537::
2514:.
2502::
2479:.
2454:.
2424:.
2399:.
2369::
2342:.
2317:.
2292:.
2264:)
2246:.
1886:.
1764:.
1113:.
1005:.
947:.
488:.
450:(
438:(
34:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.