Disease - Knowledge

2181: 1644: 1941:(DALY) metrics are similar but take into account whether the person was healthy after diagnosis. In addition to the number of years lost due to premature death, these measurements add part of the years lost to being sick. Unlike YPLL, these measurements show the burden imposed on people who are very sick, but who live a normal lifespan. A disease that has high morbidity, but low mortality, has a high DALY and a low YPLL. In 2004, the World Health Organization calculated that 1.5 billion disability-adjusted life years were lost to disease and injury. In the developed world, 1926:(YPLL) is a simple estimate of the number of years that a person's life was shortened due to a disease. For example, if a person dies at the age of 65 from a disease, and would probably have lived until age 80 without that disease, then that disease has caused a loss of 15 years of potential life. YPLL measurements do not account for how disabled a person is before dying, so the measurement treats a person who dies suddenly and a person who died at the same age after decades of illness as equivalent. In 2004, the 1360: 93: 2436: 2422: 1074:(e.g., by pharmaceutical manufacturers) or de-medicalization (e.g., by medical and disability insurers). Identifying legitimate predisease can result in useful preventive measures, such as motivating the person to get a healthy amount of physical exercise, but labeling a healthy person with an unfounded notion of predisease can result in 2371:

or choose "pathways". Some are explicitly immigration-themed: the patient has been exiled from the home territory of health to the land of the ill, changing identity and relationships in the process. This language is more common among British healthcare professionals than the language of physical aggression.

1677:, also known as transmissible diseases or communicable diseases, comprise clinically evident illness (i.e., characteristic medical signs or symptoms of disease) resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism. Included in this category are 3173:

When the goal of preventing adverse health outcomes is kept in mind, this review poses the idea that "predisease" as a category on which to act makes sense only if the following 3 conditions are met. First, the people designated as having predisease must be far more likely to develop the disease than

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Another class of metaphors describes the experience of illness as a journey: The person travels to or from a place of disease, and changes himself, discovers new information, or increases his experience along the way. He may travel "on the road to recovery" or make changes to "get on the right track"

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In studying diseases, epidemiology faces the challenge of defining them. Especially for poorly understood diseases, different groups might use significantly different definitions. Without an agreed-on definition, different researchers may report different numbers of cases and characteristics of the

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of a condition, which is the proportion of people dying during a given time interval. Morbidity rates are used in actuarial professions, such as health insurance, life insurance, and long-term care insurance, to determine the premiums charged to customers. Morbidity rates help insurers predict the

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has an unknown cause or source. As medical science has advanced, many diseases with entirely unknown causes have had some aspects of their sources explained and therefore shed their idiopathic status. For example, when germs were discovered, it became known that they were a cause of infection, but

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investigation to study design, data collection, and analysis including the development of statistical models to test hypotheses and the documentation of results for submission to peer-reviewed journals. Epidemiologists also study the interaction of diseases in a population, a condition known as a

2410:. People with the disease were portrayed in literature as having risen above daily life to become ephemeral objects of spiritual or artistic achievement. In the 20th century, after its cause was better understood, the same disease became the emblem of poverty, squalor, and other social problems. 1907:

Some morbidity databases are compiled with data supplied by states and territories health authorities, at national levels or larger scale (such as European Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB)) which may contain hospital discharge data by detailed diagnosis, age and sex. The European HMDB data was

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is any disease that appears to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer, especially if the risk factors include behavioral choices like a sedentary lifestyle or a diet high in unhealthful foods such as refined carbohydrates, trans fats, or alcoholic

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Some diseases are used as metaphors for social ills: "Cancer" is a common description for anything that is endemic and destructive in society, such as poverty, injustice, or racism. AIDS was seen as a divine judgment for moral decadence, and only by purging itself from the "pollution" of the

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An organic disease is one caused by a physical or physiological change to some tissue or organ of the body. The term sometimes excludes infections. It is commonly used in contrast with mental disorders. It includes emotional and behavioral disorders if they are due to changes to the physical

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of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases can affect people not only physically but also mentally, as contracting and living with a disease can alter the affected person's perspective on life.

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a non-disease situation in their life – for example, a person who feels unwell as a result of embarrassment, and who interprets those feelings as sickness rather than normal emotions). Symptoms of illness are often not directly the result of infection, but a collection of

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those not so designated. Second, there must be a feasible intervention that, when targeted to people with predisease, effectively reduces the likelihood of developing the disease. Third, the benefits of intervening on predisease must outweigh the harms in the population.

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is a way to avoid an injury, sickness, or disease in the first place. A treatment or cure is applied after a medical problem has already started. A treatment attempts to improve or remove a problem, but treatments may not produce permanent cures, especially in

1136:, to name a few. Mental illness can be of biological (e.g., anatomical, chemical, or genetic) or psychological (e.g., trauma or conflict) origin. It can impair the affected person's ability to work or study and can harm interpersonal relationships. The term 1226:. A chronic disease may be stable (does not get any worse) or it may be progressive (gets worse over time). Some chronic diseases can be permanently cured. Most chronic diseases can be beneficially treated, even if they cannot be permanently cured. 2277:(PTSD) has had a number of positive and negative effects on the financial and other responsibilities of governments, corporations, and institutions towards individuals, as well as on the individuals themselves. The social implication of viewing 2260:

is exempted from the requirement, or even forbidden from participating. People who are sick are also exempted from social duties. For example, ill health is the only socially acceptable reason for an American to refuse an invitation to the

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Epidemiology is the study of the factors that cause or encourage diseases. Some diseases are more common in certain geographic areas, among people with certain genetic or socioeconomic characteristics, or at different times of the year.

2545: 858:, or poor health due to any cause. The term may refer to the existence of any form of disease, or to the degree that the health condition affects the patient. Among severely ill patients, the level of morbidity is often measured by 580:). For example, a bacterial infection can be primary, wherein a healthy person is exposed to bacteria and becomes infected, or it can be secondary to a primary cause, that predisposes the body to infection. For example, a primary 2363:. Because the threat is urgent, perhaps a matter of life and death, unthinkably radical, even oppressive, measures are society's and the patient's moral duty as they courageously mobilize to struggle against destruction. The 3099: 1172:

is the time between infection and the ability of the disease to spread to another person, which may precede, follow, or be simultaneous with the appearance of symptoms. Some viruses also exhibit a dormant phase, called

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The identification of a condition as a disease, rather than as simply a variation of human structure or function, can have significant social or economic implications. The controversial recognition of diseases such as

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A chief difficulty in nosology is that diseases often cannot be defined and classified clearly, especially when cause or pathogenesis are unknown. Thus diagnostic terms often only reflect a symptom or set of symptoms

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is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of their disease. In this model, it is possible for a person to have a disease without being ill (to have an objectively definable, but

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is sometimes preferred by people with health issues that they do not consider deleterious. However, by emphasizing the medical nature of the condition, this term is sometimes rejected, such as by proponents of the

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Classical classification of human disease derives from the observational correlation between pathological analysis and clinical syndromes. Today it is preferred to classify them by their cause if it is known.

1025:. A familiar syndrome name often remains in use even after an underlying cause has been found or when there are a number of different possible primary causes. Examples of the first-mentioned type are that 387:

sounds like it could mean "caught via contagion", but it simply means acquired sometime after birth. It also sounds like it could imply secondary disease, but acquired disease can be primary disease.

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Sickness confers the social legitimization of certain benefits, such as illness benefits, work avoidance, and being looked after by others. The person who is sick takes on a social role called the

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A terminal disease is one that is expected to have the inevitable result of death. Previously, AIDS was a terminal disease; it is now incurable, but can be managed indefinitely using medications.

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If a person will die soon from a disease, regardless of whether that disease typically causes death, then the stage between the earlier disease process and active dying is the terminal phase.

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are diseases that are associated with high social and economic status. Which diseases are associated with which states vary according to time, place, and technology. Some diseases, such as

1834:(also called pain medicine) is that branch of medicine employing an interdisciplinary approach to the relief of pain and improvement in the quality of life of those living with pain. 3207:

a stage in the history of a pathological condition that begins with anatomical or physiological changes that are sufficient to produce recognizable signs and symptoms of a disease

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Recovery can refer to the repairing of physical processes (tissues, organs etc.) and the resumption of healthy functioning after damage causing processes have been cured.

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A refractory disease is a disease that resists treatment, especially an individual case that resists treatment more than is normal for the specific disease in question.

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Knappett PS, Escamilla V, Layton A, McKay LD, Emch M, Williams DE, Huq R, Alam J, Farhana L, Mailloux BJ, Ferguson A, Sayler GS, Ahmed KM, van Geen A (1 August 2011).

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is far more common in societies in which most members live until they reach the age of 80 than in societies in which most members die before they reach the age of 50.

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and the World Health Organization to greatly influence collective and personal well-being. The World Health Organization's Social Determinants Council also recognizes

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is a disease whose typical natural course is the worsening of the disease until death, serious debility, or organ failure occurs. Slowly progressive diseases are also

3687: 1530:. In some cases, microorganisms that are not readily spread from person to person play a role, while other diseases can be prevented or ameliorated with appropriate 1830:

are a subset of treatments that reverse diseases completely or end medical problems permanently. Many diseases that cannot be completely cured are still treatable.

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broadly refers to any condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body. For this reason, diseases are associated with the dysfunction of the body's normal

4218: 3890: 829:, in which case it describes an individual patient's current state from a medical standpoint. This usage appears in statements that describe a patient as being 1098:

benefit that outweighs the harm of any interventions taken – removing the precancerous tissue prevents cancer, and thus prevents a potential death from cancer.

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is one that persists over time, often for at least six months, but may also include illnesses that are expected to last for the entirety of one's natural life.

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Medical therapies or treatments are efforts to cure or improve a disease or other health problems. In the medical field, therapy is synonymous with the word

772: 2310:, may be associated with both poverty (poor food choices) and affluence (long lifespans and sedentary lifestyles), through different mechanisms. The term 2593: 905:

of a disease or medical condition, or the percentage of people who experience a given condition within a given timeframe (e.g., 20% of people will get

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A disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance that may or may not show specific signs and symptoms. Medical disorders can be categorized into

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is an example of this metaphorical use of language. This language is empowering to some patients, but leaves others feeling like they are failures.

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or food poisoning is any illness resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites.

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are still often called by the "syndrome" name despite that they can also be viewed as disease entities and not solely as sets of signs and symptoms.

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to refer to all diseases, illnesses, and injuries except for mental disorders. This usage is also commonly seen in the psychiatric literature. Some

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One that has clinical consequences; in other words, the stage of the disease that produces the characteristic signs and symptoms of that disease.

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disciplines (to better understand proximate and distal risk factors). Epidemiology can help identify causes as well as guide prevention efforts.

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are the social conditions in which people live that determine their health. Illnesses are generally related to social, economic, political, and

3228: 3775: 3194: 3432: 3003: 2394:"invader" could society become healthy again. More recently, when AIDS seemed less threatening, this type of emotive language was applied to 1718:

is a medical condition or disease that is non-transmissible. Non-communicable diseases cannot be spread directly from one person to another.

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An acquired disease is one that began at some point during one's lifetime, as opposed to disease that was already present at birth, which is

3076: 2241:. In return for these benefits, the sick person is obligated to seek treatment and work to become well once more. As a comparison, consider 1095:

actionability for risk reduction – for example, removal of the precancerous tissue prevents it from turning into a potentially deadly cancer

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is also used in many other areas of medicine, primarily to identify physical disorders that are not caused by infectious organisms, such as

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refers to the disappearance, possibly temporarily, of symptoms. Complete remission is the best possible outcome for incurable diseases.

3789: 2660: 2838: 2382:: The alcoholic is enslaved by drink, and the smoker is captive to nicotine. Some cancer patients treat the loss of their hair from 4983: 1572: 1133: 1218:

is one that lasts for a long time, usually at least six months. During that time, it may be constantly present, or it may go into

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Most religions grant exceptions from religious duties to people who are sick. For example, one whose life would be endangered by

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instability, behavioral dysregulation, cognitive dysfunction or impairment. Specific illnesses known as mental illnesses include

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or condition is one that is caused by medical intervention, whether as a side effect of a treatment or as an inadvertent outcome.

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to the person affected, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes

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is a way of organizing a medical experience into a coherent story that illustrates the sick individual's personal experience.

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generally includes mental illnesses, in some contexts the term is used specifically to denote any illness, injury, or disease

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van Seventer JM, Hochberg NS (2017), "Principles of Infectious Diseases: Transmission, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control",

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concepts: Disease is an enemy that must be feared, fought, battled, and routed. The patient or the healthcare provider is a

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that does not and will not produce clinically evident impairment of normal functioning, such as the presence of the normal

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Kelley KW, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior".

4559: 4389: 4341: 2597: 1567:. Social determinants of health have been recognized by several health organizations such as the Public Health Agency of 3922: 3898: 4870: 4514: 997:, or other characteristics that often occur together, regardless of whether the cause is known. Some syndromes such as 697: 2339:

to make sense of their experiences with disease. The metaphors move disease from an objective thing that exists to an

2245:, which is not interpreted as a disease or sickness, even if the mother and baby may both benefit from medical care. 1987: 2291:. Fear of disease can still be a widespread social phenomenon, though not all diseases evoke extreme social stigma. 2287:

were people who were historically shunned because they had an infectious disease, and the term "leper" still evokes

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is the impact of a health problem in an area measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators.

4838: 2571: 1013:, for example, is not a single disease itself but is rather the manifestation of any of several diseases including 973:

implying "a specific disease entity as defined by diagnostic criteria being already met". This is hard to quantify

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for diseases. In the study of communicable and non-communicable diseases, the work of epidemiologists ranges from

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that cause these diseases are known as pathogens and include varieties of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi.

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a high risk for progression to disease making one "far more likely to develop" it than others are- for example, a

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that creates an open wound could provide an entry point for bacteria, and lead to a secondary bacterial infection.

5286: 4380: 2654: 2498: 2403: 1697:– a disease that can spread from one person to another, but does not necessarily spread through everyday contact. 3986:

The spirit catches you and you fall down: a Hmong child, her American doctors, and the collision of two cultures

558:. A doctor must determine what primary disease, a cold or bacterial infection, is causing a patient's secondary 524:, and sometimes a disease's symptoms can be treated sufficiently for the disease to have little or no impact on 2274: 1893: 3904: 2601: 1189:; after recovery from chickenpox, the virus may remain dormant in nerve cells for many years, and later cause 4518: 3908: 2918: 2836:

Johnson R (2002). "The concept of sickness behavior: a brief chronological account of four key discoveries".

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can represent wealth and abundance, and is a status symbol in famine-prone areas and some places hard-hit by

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When the cause of a disease is poorly understood, societies tend to mythologize the disease or use it as a

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Epidemiology is considered a cornerstone methodology of public health research and is highly regarded in

629:, or to have a clinically apparent physical impairment but not feel sick or distressed by it), and to be 243: 97: 2542:"What is the Difference Between an "Injury" and "Disease" for Comcare Commonwealth Compensation Claims?" 576:

of a prior, causal disease, which is referred to as the primary disease or simply the underlying cause (

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describes diseases associated with longevity and that are more common among older people. For example,

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Regular physical activity, such as riding a bicycle or walking, reduces the risk of lifestyle diseases.

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are used interchangeably; however, there are situations when specific terms are considered preferable.

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Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV (October 1999).

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can be transmitted, e.g. by hand-to-mouth contact with infectious material on surfaces, by bites of

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by the body – that helps clear infection and promote recovery. Such aspects of illness can include

503: 499: 227: 66: 17: 3424: 3007: 866:, or co-existing disease, is the simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions, such as 4969: 4945: 4552: 3060: 2210:

A condition may be considered a disease in some cultures or eras but not in others. For example,

2061: 1868: 1490: 1346: 1018: 1010: 573: 543: 235: 231: 223: 207: 5168: 5145: 5114: 4484: 3801: 2482: 2086: 1550: 1429: 1262: 1178: 1089: 1079: 813: 510:. For example, a third factor might be causing both the disease, and the associated phenomenon. 358: 159: 4244: 3461: 3455: 3250: 1275:

A flare-up can refer to either the recurrence of symptoms or an onset of more severe symptoms.

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submitted by European countries to the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.

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or symbol of whatever that culture considers evil. For example, until the bacterial cause of

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involved, though this is often complicated since many diseases affect more than one organ.

1390: 1289: 1251: 1219: 1067: 716:, and therefore is preferred terminology in some circumstances. In mental health, the term 144: 1922:

There are several measures used to quantify the burden imposed by diseases on people. The

946: 754:, disorders, or nonpathologic condition that normally receives medical treatment, such as 8: 5260: 5201: 5132: 5065: 4860: 4828: 4670: 4638: 4447: 3266: 2450: 2295: 1838: 1736: 1591: 1439: 1281: 859: 701: 577: 535: 422: 380: 353:, is not considered a disease. By contrast, an infection that is asymptomatic during its 264: 215: 183: 163: 4394: 3524: 3384: 494:

particular germs and diseases had not been linked. In another example, it is known that

5047: 4888: 4880: 4865: 4833: 4813: 4721: 4545: 4463: 4301: 4108: 4075: 3965: 3638: 3618: 3585: 3550: 3401: 3369:"Impact of population and latrines on fecal contamination of ponds in rural Bangladesh" 3368: 3314: 3281: 3164: 2900: 2818: 2760: 2743: 2719: 2700: 2237:, in a culturally acceptable fashion may be publicly and privately honored with higher 1812: 1741:

Many diseases and disorders can be prevented through a variety of means. These include

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A hereditary disease is a type of genetic disease caused by genetic mutations that are

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is the end of a medical condition or a treatment that is very likely to end it, while

222:), and physiological diseases. Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as 5119: 5037: 5006: 4925: 4501: 4480: 4351: 4305: 4293: 4258: 4248: 4237: 4186: 4176: 4146: 4136: 4113: 4095: 4056: 4015: 3990: 3984: 3969: 3957: 3744: 3734: 3623: 3590: 3572: 3506: 3465: 3406: 3319: 3301: 3156: 3066: 2983: 2977: 2892: 2875: 2855: 2810: 2802: 2765: 2724: 2472: 2351:, rather than a passive victim or bystander. The agents of communicable diseases are 2329: 2311: 2307: 2204: 1704: 1665: 1595: 1538: 1376: 1372: 1165: 1030: 914:

likelihood that an insured will contract or develop any number of specified diseases.

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is a broad, generic label for a category of illnesses that may include affective or

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Hanne M, Hawken SJ (December 2007). "Metaphors for illness in contemporary media".

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differentiating a legitimate concern for subclinical or premonitory status and the

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as a disease could be profound, though this classification is not yet widespread.

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calculated that 932 million years of potential life were lost to premature death.

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or epistemology of predisease is contentious, though, because there is seldom a

637:(such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or 242:. In developed countries, the diseases that cause the most sickness overall are 5173: 4935: 4930: 4850: 3338:"Human disease – Pathogenesis, Etiology, Resistance, and Immunity | Britannica" 2441: 1916: 1897: 1169: 1071: 910: 847: 2459:, severe, lifelong disabilities attributable to mental or physical impairments 1553:. Many non-infectious diseases have a partly or completely genetic basis (see 5280: 5265: 4818: 4631: 4262: 4099: 4091: 4060: 3926: 3576: 3502: 3305: 2806: 2364: 2288: 2238: 2196: 2090: 1942: 1889: 1792: 1762: 1719: 1546: 1511: 1500: 1380: 1342: 1237: 1201: 1190: 1174: 1129: 1075: 998: 867: 825: 800: 585: 366: 128: 4366: 4347: 4321: 4289: 4190: 4150: 3748: 3151: 3132: 708:

is often considered more value-neutral and less stigmatizing than the terms

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is any disease that is caused by pathogens and transmitted through the air.

1632: 1583: 1496: 1447: 1435: 1412: 1271: 1152: 878: 667: 622: 495: 480: 357:, but expected to produce symptoms later, is usually considered a disease. 107:

is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or

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This rash only affects one part of the body, so it is a localized disease.

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is a scientific resource connecting chemicals, genes, and human diseases.

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of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external

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descriptions of most diseases, with access to current research articles.

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can produce a variety of different diseases, including various forms of

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Diseases can be caused by any number of factors and may be acquired or

1473:. This is periodically updated. Currently, the last publication is the 1328:. This is a stage in some diseases before the symptoms are first noted. 1182: 1002: 974: 938: 902: 855: 759: 725: 663: 506:

with certain diseases; however, association does not necessarily imply

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or by internal dysfunctions. For example, internal dysfunctions of the

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Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women's Health

2626:. Oswego City School District Regents Exam Prep Center. Archived from 1598:, and overindulgence in sex, rich food, or alcohol, all of which were 5001: 4795: 4738: 4660: 4587: 4568: 4488: 4385: 2379: 2360: 2340: 2242: 2230: 2123: 1808: 1758: 1746: 1684: 1531: 1507: 1408: 1022: 933: 906: 755: 671: 507: 402: 346: 338: 259: 191: 92: 4407: 2783:

Hart BL (1988). "Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals".

1300:: a medical condition that exists, but does not get better or worse. 796:

as any illness, injury, or disease except for psychiatric illnesses.

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could lead to a secondary bacterial infection. Similarly, a primary

333:, protozoa, multicellular organisms, and aberrant proteins known as 4950: 4745: 4706: 4691: 4614: 4592: 4467: 4171:

Gwyn, Richard (1999). "10". In Cameron, Lynne, Low, Graham (eds.).

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was discovered in 1882, experts variously ascribed the disease to

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is the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms. The

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is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes

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of the disease, and from contaminated water or food (often via

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has spread to other parts; with cancer, this is usually called

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Encyclopedia of Public Health: Volume 1: A – H Volume 2: I – Z

2978:

American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV (2000).

1557:) and may thus be transmitted from one generation to another. 1261:"Flareup" redirects here. For the Transformers character, see 1623:(the cause of the disease) with disease itself. For example, 1523: 1446:. Alternatively, diseases may be classified according to the 720:

is used as a way of acknowledging the complex interaction of

426: 334: 210:. There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, 171: 4537: 3484: 3366: 909:

in a year). This measure of sickness is contrasted with the

4505: 4376: 4328:

discussion with Anne Hardy, David Bradley & Chris Dye (

2705: 1995: 1827: 1247: 1233: 589: 517: 459:. It is often inherited, but some mutations are random and 155: 4239:

Treatments: language, politics, and the culture of illness

3460:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1791:. Among psychologists, the term may refer specifically to 1465:

The most known and used classification of diseases is the

4388:

Comprehensive information on genes that cause disease at

1691:, that commonly spreads from one person to another – and 1151:

or a traumatic brain injury, but not if they are due to

538:

of illness, as opposed to secondary disease, which is a

4243:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 3548: 3485:

Marcantonio M, Pascoe E, Baldacchino F (January 2017).

2872: 1375:

is one that affects only one part of the body, such as

1147:

structures or functioning of the body, such as after a

780:), the widely used psychiatric manual that defines all 4337: 4133:

Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior

3279: 3205:– via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. 3065:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 966. 2390:

or metaphor for all the losses caused by the disease.

2233:. A person who responds to a dreaded disease, such as 562:

when deciding whether or not to prescribe antibiotics.

546:

that is caused by the primary disease. For example, a

317:. Commonly, the term is used to refer specifically to 123:. A disease may be caused by external factors such as 3551:"Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States" 3048:– via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. 2980:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

2701:"Health, disease and illness: matters for definition" 2671:– via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. 2203:

How a society responds to diseases is the subject of

1510:

are contagious and commonly believed infectious. The

773:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

3607: 2417: 1726:

are examples of non-communicable diseases in humans.

941:, in which it is commonly used by physicians in the 3903:Standard DALYs (3% discounting, age weights). Also 3453: 2294:Social standing and economic status affect health. 1815:, or informally, by the patient or family members. 1407:is a disease that affects the entire body, such as 1085:One review proposed three criteria for predisease: 4175:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 2222:is considered a sign of spiritual gifts among the 2199:, 1645. It is now generally regarded as a disease. 1631:(the disease). The misuse of basic definitions in 82:"Ailment" redirects here. Not to be confused with 72:"Maladies" redirects here. For the 2012 film, see 3034:Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers 5278: 4412:containing detailed description of most diseases 4360:, fact sheets about many common diseases at the 4211:"Fighting Words Are Rarer Among British Doctors" 4037:"Guidance for Physicians on the Yom Kippur Fast" 3891:"Disease and injury regional estimates for 2004" 3004:"Expat Insurance Glossary by The Insurance Page" 2355:; non-communicable diseases constitute internal 1092:will almost certainly turn into cancer over time 534:A primary disease is a disease that is due to a 393:An acute disease is one of a short-term nature ( 361:are all other diseases, including most forms of 4135:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 703. 3457:Bathsheba's breast: women, cancer & history 2624:"Regents Prep: Living Environment: Homeostasis" 2343:experience. The most popular metaphors draw on 750:is a broad concept that includes all diseases, 230:diseases. The deadliest diseases in humans are 4234: 4130: 1986:Infectious and parasitic diseases, especially 854: 'sick, unhealthy') is a diseased state, 4977: 4553: 4431: 4170: 3765: 3124: 2568:"What is the deadliest disease in the world?" 1896:(to store data and map disease patterns) and 1811:. Treatments may be provided by an organized 1795:or "talk therapy". Common treatments include 722:biological, social, and psychological factors 4034: 4009: 2744:"Health and disease: problems of definition" 2741: 2453:, a disease whose cause is currently unknown 1845:or, in less critical situations, through an 1841:must be provided promptly, often through an 1009:are known to have multiple possible causes. 455:or disease is caused by one or more genetic 4275: 4230: 4228: 4208: 3939: 3933: 3897:. World Health Organization. Archived from 3860:. World Health Organization. Archived from 3610:International Encyclopedia of Public Health 3487:"Sometimes Scientists Get the Flu. Wrong…!" 1001:are known to have only one cause (an extra 568:A secondary disease is a disease that is a 23: 4984: 4970: 4560: 4546: 4438: 4424: 3920: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3798:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 3768:"Defining an illness is fodder for debate" 3733:. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. 3727:Hardy, Paul A., Hardy, Paul A. J. (1997). 3280:Loscalzo J, Kohane I, Barabasi AL (2007). 3212: 2735: 2692: 1888:(to better understand disease processes), 59:Condition negatively affecting an organism 24: 4107: 3923:"The Tuscan General Alessandro del Borro" 3637: 3617: 3584: 3566: 3400: 3313: 3150: 2839:Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2835: 2759: 2718: 1981:Percent of all DALYs lost, US and Canada 1978:Percent of all YPLLs lost, US and Canada 1957:cause the most years lost to being sick. 1892:(the current raw information available), 1292:. The opposite of progressive disease is 520:. Incurable diseases are not necessarily 418:Congenital disorder or congenital disease 4991: 4225: 3989:. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. 2698: 2495:, a disease that affects very few people 2179: 1642: 1635:is frequent in scientific publications. 1573:Social determinants of health in poverty 1358: 1134:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 612:are both generally used as synonyms for 91: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 3982: 3940:Haslam DW, James WP (2005). "Obesity". 3868: 3730:Chronic Pain Management: The Essentials 2782: 1442:by which the disease is caused), or by 1104: 1021:. In yet other syndromes, however, the 14: 5279: 4073: 3854:"European Hospital Morbidity Database" 3830:. Statistics Canada. 24 October 2007. 3790:"National Hospital Morbidity Database" 3651: 3257:from the original on 28 September 2017 3133:"Predisease: when does it make sense?" 3097: 3091: 2946: 2323: 2298:are diseases that are associated with 2175: 234:(blood flow obstruction), followed by 4965: 4541: 4419: 4354:at Washington University in St. Louis 4204: 4202: 4200: 4014:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3218: 3130: 3058: 2574:from the original on 17 December 2014 2539: 2374:Some metaphors are disease-specific. 1969:Percent of all DALYs lost, worldwide 1966:Percent of all YPLLs lost, worldwide 1911: 1526:contamination), etc. Also, there are 1434:Diseases may be classified by cause, 739:Medical condition or health condition 325:microbial agents, including viruses, 4157: 3824:"Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB)" 3778:from the original on 3 January 2017. 3755:from the original on 3 October 2015. 3435:from the original on 1 November 2022 3231:from the original on 23 January 2020 3040:from the original on 7 November 2017 2776: 2663:from the original on 7 November 2017 2548:from the original on 27 October 2017 1140:is used technically as a legal term. 554:is a possible secondary disease, or 408:Chronic condition or chronic disease 4450:used to describe disease conditions 4390:Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 4342:Comparative Toxicogenomics Database 4035:Gupta N, Gusdorf J (13 July 2023). 3112:from the original on 15 August 2012 2959:from the original on 20 August 2019 2598:National Institute of Mental Health 1204:is a short-lived disease, like the 56: 4871:Fluorescence in situ hybridization 4348:Free online health-risk assessment 4197: 3619:10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00516-6 1988:lower respiratory tract infections 1975:Percent of all DALYs lost, Europe 1972:Percent of all YPLLs lost, Europe 1638: 698:emotional and behavioral disorders 119:that are associated with specific 57: 5308: 4315: 4221:from the original on 2 July 2014. 4173:Researching and applying metaphor 3834:from the original on 30 June 2016 3690:from the original on 16 May 2024. 3197:from the original on 23 June 2017 3079:from the original on 4 April 2023 2516: 1949:cause the most loss of life, but 1537:Some diseases, such as most (but 1419: 1236:is the clinical disease stage of 437:. It can also be the result of a 115:. Diseases are often known to be 4839:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 4379:Comprehensive database from the 3373:Science of the Total Environment 3348:from the original on 26 May 2023 3193:(9th ed.). Elsevier. 2009. 2955:. American Medical Association. 2434: 2420: 439:vertically transmitted infection 4381:US National Library of Medicine 4269: 4124: 4067: 4028: 4003: 3976: 3914: 3846: 3816: 3782: 3759: 3720: 3694: 3672: 3645: 3601: 3542: 3517: 3478: 3447: 3425:"Social determinants of health" 3417: 3393:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.043 3360: 3330: 3273: 3243: 3179: 3052: 3022: 2996: 2971: 2940: 2911: 2866: 2829: 2499:Sociology of health and illness 2406:as a symbol and a metaphor for 1852: 947:some editors prefer to reserve 625:, medical condition, such as a 466:Hereditary or inherited disease 257:The study of disease is called 220:non-genetic hereditary diseases 206:Death due to disease is called 4074:Rashed AH (29 February 1992). 3766:Tuller, David (4 March 2011). 2949:"Condition, Disease, Disorder" 2675: 2642: 2616: 2586: 2560: 2533: 2402:. Authors in the 19th century 2275:post-traumatic stress disorder 1894:Geographic Information Science 1619:), one should not confuse the 1605:When a disease is caused by a 1164:In an infectious disease, the 993:is the association of several 728:conditions; however, the term 498:is the cause of some forms of 347:bacteria and yeasts in the gut 272: 263:, which includes the study of 13: 1: 4567: 4209:Span, Paula (22 April 2014). 3954:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1 2947:Sefton P (21 November 2011). 2889:10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6 2852:10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00069-7 2799:10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6 2510: 2191:culture: "The Tuscan General 1939:disability-adjusted life year 1776: 1730: 1561:Social determinants of health 1528:sexually transmitted diseases 282:In many cases, terms such as 194:, isolated symptoms, deviant 5292:Human diseases and disorders 5197:Obstetric labor complication 4397:The global burden of disease 3612:, Elsevier, pp. 22–39, 3555:Emerging Infectious Diseases 3454:Olson, James Stuart (2002). 3219:Shiel WC Jr (20 June 2019). 2687:Dorland's Medical Dictionary 2655:Dorland's Medical Dictionary 2540:White T (19 December 2014). 2528:Dorland's Medical Dictionary 1924:years of potential life lost 1549:, and mental disorders, are 1534:or other lifestyle changes. 957:shade causes preference for 550:is a primary disease, where 240:lower respiratory infections 218:(including both genetic and 7: 4362:Centers for Disease Control 3702:"Non communicable diseases" 3680:"Non-communicable diseases" 3251:"definition of subclinical" 3098:Lenzer J (14 August 2012). 2742:McWhinney IR (April 1987). 2594:"Mental Illness – Glossary" 2413: 2029:Neuropsychiatric conditions 1951:neuropsychiatric conditions 1565:environmental circumstances 1506:Only some diseases such as 431:genetic disease or disorder 397:); the term sometimes also 277: 244:neuropsychiatric conditions 98:National Gallery of Denmark 10: 5313: 5192:Complications of pregnancy 3191:Mosby's Medical Dictionary 2404:commonly used tuberculosis 1935:quality-adjusted life year 1856: 1780: 1734: 1484: 1423: 1340: 1269: 1260: 1005:at birth). Others such as 897:) can refer to either the 770:for mental illnesses. The 425:is one that is present at 63: 5256: 5238:Connective tissue disease 5223: 5210: 5187: 5159: 5141: 5128: 5110: 5087: 5074: 5061: 5033: 5015: 4997: 4879: 4804: 4575: 4455: 4402:World Health Organization 4041:Georgetown Medical Review 3706:World Health Organization 3529:World Health Organization 3286:Molecular Systems Biology 2927:National Cancer Institute 2468:Host–pathogen interaction 2378:is a common metaphor for 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1955:major depressive disorder 1928:World Health Organization 1520:insects or other carriers 1480: 1467:World Health Organization 1354: 1159: 1058:are common examples. The 786:general medical condition 516:A disease that cannot be 473:(and can run in families) 441:from the mother, such as 5228:Musculoskeletal disorder 5151:Gastrointestinal disease 4092:10.1136/bmj.304.6826.521 3503:10.1016/j.pt.2016.10.005 3059:Kirch W (13 June 2008). 2544:. Tindall Gask Bentley. 2457:Developmental disability 2400:type 2 diabetes mellitus 2271:repetitive stress injury 1716:non-communicable disease 1683:– an infection, such as 967:pathophysiologic process 500:diabetes mellitus type 1 67:Disease (disambiguation) 39:latest accepted revision 4946:Microbiological culture 4576:Principles of pathology 4519:Acronym or abbreviation 4290:10.1136/jmh.2006.000253 4235:Diedrich, Lisa (2007). 4131:Martin, Judith (2005). 2699:Emson HE (April 1987). 2302:and low social status; 2256:or during the month of 2187:was a status symbol in 2087:Cardiovascular diseases 2062:motor vehicle accidents 1869:evidence-based medicine 1551:non-infectious diseases 1491:Transmission (medicine) 1050:vanguard of a disease. 1019:coronary artery disease 1011:Acute coronary syndrome 792:policies also define a 359:Non-infectious diseases 236:cerebrovascular disease 232:coronary artery disease 208:death by natural causes 96:"The Sick Girl", 1882, 5287:Diseases and disorders 5169:Female genital disease 5146:Maxillofacial disorder 5115:Cardiovascular disease 4485:Differential diagnosis 3568:10.3201/eid0505.990502 3491:Trends in Parasitology 2483:Philosophy of medicine 2200: 1648: 1627:(the pathogen) causes 1430:Medical classification 1364: 1263:Flareup (Transformers) 1179:varicella zoster virus 977:, but it explains why 823:is also a synonym for 814:autism rights movement 100: 5092:Neurological disorder 4909:Diagnostic immunology 4734:Programmed cell death 4702:Liquefactive necrosis 4076:"The fast of Ramadan" 4010:Sulik, Gayle (2010). 3525:"Disease information" 3221:"Definition of Flare" 3152:10.1093/epirev/mxr002 3138:Epidemiologic Reviews 2786:Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2478:Mitochondrial disease 2463:Environmental disease 2304:diseases of affluence 2183: 1819:Preventive healthcare 1694:communicable diseases 1646: 1609:organism (e.g., when 1362: 1290:degenerative diseases 1015:myocardial infarction 1007:Parkinsonian syndrome 953:. Sometimes a slight 927:) is synonymous with 917:Pathosis or pathology 831:in critical condition 627:subclinical infection 315:homeostatic processes 95: 5233:Soft tissue disorder 5179:Male genital disease 4992:Major Disease groups 4904:Medical microbiology 4899:Transfusion medicine 4856:Immunohistochemistry 4806:Anatomical pathology 4697:Coagulative necrosis 3901:on 24 December 2010. 3864:on 2 September 2013. 2883:(Suppl 1): S112–18. 2657:for Health Consumers 2570:. WHO. 16 May 2012. 2193:Alessandro del Borro 1843:emergency department 1391:disseminated disease 1386:Disseminated disease 1326:asymptomatic disease 1105:Types by body system 1068:conflict of interest 702:functional disorders 616:; however, the term 145:autoimmune disorders 65:For other uses, see 5297:Medical terminology 5261:Congenital disorder 5202:Postpartum disorder 5133:Respiratory disease 5066:Hematologic disease 4861:Electron microscopy 4829:Molecular pathology 4707:Gangrenous necrosis 4639:Cellular adaptation 4334:, 15 December 2002) 4053:10.52504/001c.83342 3708:. 16 September 2023 3561:(5). CDC: 607–625. 3385:2011ScTEn.409.3174K 3267:The Free Dictionary 2451:Cryptogenic disease 2324:Language of disease 2296:Diseases of poverty 2176:Society and culture 1839:medical emergencies 1767:such as obligatory 1737:Preventive medicine 1680:contagious diseases 1675:Infectious diseases 1592:sedentary lifestyle 1516:Infectious diseases 1413:high blood pressure 1313:Subclinical disease 1282:Progressive disease 1278:Progressive disease 1072:over-medicalization 951:to its other senses 895:morbidity frequency 860:ICU scoring systems 734:metabolic disorders 670:, and inability to 423:congenital disorder 319:infectious diseases 216:hereditary diseases 212:deficiency diseases 29:Page version status 5048:Metabolic disorder 4889:Clinical chemistry 4881:Clinical pathology 4866:Immunofluorescence 4834:Forensic pathology 4814:Surgical pathology 4722:Fibrinoid necrosis 4464:Signs and symptoms 4215:The New York Times 3983:Fadiman A (1997). 3948:(9492): 1197–209. 3921:Gerten-Jackson C. 3772:The New York Times 3298:10.1038/msb4100163 3187:"clinical disease" 3036:. Elsevier. 2007. 3010:on 27 October 2008 2659:. Elsevier. 2007. 2630:on 25 October 2012 2313:lifestyle diseases 2201: 1912:Burdens of disease 1813:health care system 1649: 1395:metastatic disease 1365: 1305:Refractory disease 1080:benefit–cost ratio 995:signs and symptoms 981:is not invariable. 979:cognitive synonymy 943:medical literature 690:physical disorders 491:idiopathic disease 486:Idiopathic disease 481:iatrogenic disease 476:Iatrogenic disease 381:congenital disease 121:signs and symptoms 117:medical conditions 101: 35: 5274: 5273: 5120:Lymphatic disease 5038:Endocrine disease 5007:Parasitic disease 4959: 4958: 4926:Mass spectrometry 4535: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4515:Eponymous disease 4481:Medical diagnosis 4358:Health Topics A–Z 4352:Your Disease Risk 4322:"Man and Disease" 4254:978-0-8166-4697-5 4182:978-0-521-64964-3 4142:978-0-393-05874-1 4086:(6826): 521–522. 4021:978-0-19-974045-1 3996:978-0-374-52564-4 3804:on 13 August 2013 3740:978-1-900151-85-6 3629:978-0-12-803708-9 3471:978-0-8018-6936-5 3379:(17): 3174–3182. 3131:Viera AJ (2011). 3072:978-1-4020-5613-0 2989:978-0-89042-025-6 2953:AMA Style Insider 2876:Brain Behav Immun 2473:Lists of diseases 2330:illness narrative 2308:diabetes mellitus 2205:medical sociology 2195:", attributed to 2173: 2172: 1963:Disease category 1705:lifestyle disease 1666:Foodborne illness 1373:localized disease 1368:Localized disease 1222:and periodically 1166:incubation period 1126:anxiety disorders 1031:DiGeorge syndrome 883:actuarial science 821:medical condition 809:medical condition 794:medical condition 764:medical condition 762:. While the term 744:medical condition 694:genetic disorders 648:sickness behavior 644:evolved responses 584:that weakens the 565:Secondary disease 522:terminal diseases 513:Incurable disease 355:incubation period 47:19 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 5304: 5164:Urologic disease 4986: 4979: 4972: 4963: 4962: 4846:Gross processing 4712:Caseous necrosis 4562: 4555: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4458: 4457: 4440: 4433: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4409:The Merck Manual 4310: 4309: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4242: 4232: 4223: 4222: 4206: 4195: 4194: 4168: 4155: 4154: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4111: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3925:. Archived from 3918: 3912: 3905:DALY spreadsheet 3902: 3887: 3866: 3865: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3800:. Archived from 3786: 3780: 3779: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3660:. United Nations 3649: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3621: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3588: 3570: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3404: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3317: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3264: 3262: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3204: 3202: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3154: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3006:. Archived from 3000: 2994: 2993: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2763: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2722: 2696: 2690: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2600:. Archived from 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2537: 2531: 2520: 2444: 2439: 2438: 2430: 2425: 2424: 2423: 1960: 1959: 1871:for identifying 1824:chronic diseases 1772: 1711:Non-communicable 1657:airborne disease 1555:genetic disorder 1487:Cause (medicine) 1405:systemic disease 1400:Systemic disease 1307: 1306: 1288:; many are also 1286:chronic diseases 1229:Clinical disease 1122:major depression 1023:cause is unknown 965:implying "some 840: 839: 803:than terms like 790:health insurance 784:, uses the term 782:mental disorders 748:health condition 686:mental disorders 681: 680: 660:loss of appetite 595:Terminal disease 453:genetic disorder 429:. It is often a 376:Acquired disease 228:non-communicable 137:hypersensitivity 133:immunodeficiency 87: 80: 70: 21: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5252: 5219: 5206: 5183: 5155: 5137: 5124: 5106: 5083: 5079:Mental disorder 5070: 5057: 5053:Immune disorder 5029: 5011: 4993: 4990: 4960: 4955: 4914:Immunopathology 4894:Hematopathology 4875: 4800: 4571: 4566: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4492: 4487: 4483: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4451: 4444: 4318: 4313: 4274: 4270: 4255: 4233: 4226: 4207: 4198: 4183: 4169: 4158: 4143: 4129: 4125: 4072: 4068: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3981: 3977: 3938: 3934: 3919: 3915: 3909:YLL spreadsheet 3889: 3888: 3869: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3837: 3835: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3764: 3760: 3741: 3725: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3650: 3646: 3630: 3606: 3602: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3452: 3448: 3438: 3436: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3365: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3278: 3274: 3260: 3258: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3217: 3213: 3200: 3198: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3129: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3073: 3057: 3053: 3043: 3041: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3013: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2871: 2867: 2846:(3–4): 443–50. 2834: 2830: 2781: 2777: 2740: 2736: 2697: 2693: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2538: 2534: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2488:Plant pathology 2440: 2433: 2428:Medicine portal 2426: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2326: 2178: 2120:Premature birth 1914: 1861: 1855: 1832:Pain management 1805:medical devices 1785: 1779: 1766: 1739: 1733: 1641: 1639:Types of causes 1629:West Nile fever 1625:West Nile virus 1493: 1483: 1432: 1424:Main articles: 1422: 1357: 1349: 1304: 1303: 1274: 1266: 1216:chronic disease 1211:Chronic disease 1162: 1107: 1056:prehypertension 1027:Turner syndrome 872:substance abuse 837: 836: 718:mental disorder 678: 677: 582:viral infection 531:Primary disease 526:quality of life 448:Genetic disease 413:chronic disease 371:genetic disease 351:passenger virus 280: 275: 198:, and atypical 168:social problems 88: 81: 71: 64: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5310: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5174:Breast disease 5171: 5166: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5004: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4988: 4981: 4974: 4966: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4936:Flow cytometry 4933: 4931:Chromatography 4928: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4851:Histopathology 4848: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4810: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4777: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4689: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4641: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4607: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4565: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4542: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4527: 4512: 4510: 4495: 4493: 4478: 4476: 4461: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4443: 4442: 4435: 4428: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4405: 4392: 4383: 4374: 4364: 4355: 4345: 4335: 4317: 4316:External links 4314: 4312: 4311: 4268: 4253: 4224: 4196: 4181: 4156: 4141: 4123: 4066: 4027: 4020: 4002: 3995: 3975: 3932: 3929:on 2 May 2009. 3913: 3867: 3845: 3815: 3781: 3758: 3739: 3719: 3693: 3671: 3652:Al-Maskari F. 3644: 3628: 3600: 3541: 3516: 3477: 3470: 3446: 3416: 3359: 3342:britannica.com 3329: 3272: 3242: 3211: 3178: 3123: 3090: 3071: 3051: 3021: 2995: 2988: 2970: 2939: 2923:www.cancer.gov 2910: 2865: 2828: 2775: 2734: 2691: 2674: 2641: 2615: 2604:on 28 May 2010 2585: 2559: 2532: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2454: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2442:Biology portal 2431: 2415: 2412: 2325: 2322: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2089:, principally 2083: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1917:Disease burden 1913: 1910: 1898:social science 1857:Main article: 1854: 1851: 1837:Treatment for 1781:Main article: 1778: 1775: 1735:Main article: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1712: 1709: 1701: 1698: 1672: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1653: 1640: 1637: 1596:depressed mood 1512:microorganisms 1501:Microorganisms 1482: 1479: 1421: 1420:Classification 1418: 1417: 1416: 1401: 1398: 1387: 1384: 1377:athlete's foot 1369: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1331:Terminal phase 1329: 1318:silent disease 1314: 1311: 1308: 1301: 1298:static disease 1294:stable disease 1279: 1276: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1244: 1241: 1230: 1227: 1212: 1209: 1198: 1170:latency period 1161: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1144: 1141: 1124:, generalized 1114:Mental illness 1111: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1083: 1037: 1034: 985: 982: 969:" rather than 937:also has this 918: 915: 911:mortality rate 891:morbidity rate 875: 841: 834: 833:, for example. 817: 799:As it is more 797: 740: 737: 682: 675: 633:without being 602: 599: 596: 593: 566: 563: 532: 529: 514: 511: 487: 484: 477: 474: 467: 464: 449: 446: 419: 416: 409: 406: 391: 388: 377: 374: 307: 279: 276: 274: 271: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5309: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5267: 5266:Fetal disease 5264: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5255: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5109: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5086: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4987: 4982: 4980: 4975: 4973: 4968: 4967: 4964: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4819:Cytopathology 4817: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4764: 4763:Accumulations 4761: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632:Wound healing 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4563: 4558: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4448:medical terms 4441: 4436: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4418: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4368: 4367:Health Topics 4365: 4363: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4240: 4231: 4229: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4178: 4174: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4023: 4017: 4013: 4006: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3833: 3829: 3828:statcan.gc.ca 3825: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3732: 3731: 3723: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3545: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3473: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3450: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3268: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3208: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3145:(1): 122–34. 3144: 3140: 3139: 3134: 3127: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3055: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2991: 2985: 2981: 2974: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2943: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2793:(2): 123–37. 2792: 2788: 2787: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2713:(8): 811–13. 2712: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2651: 2645: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2573: 2569: 2563: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2437: 2432: 2429: 2418: 2411: 2409: 2408:transcendence 2405: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2365:War on Cancer 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2289:social stigma 2286: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2239:social status 2236: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2198: 2197:Andrea Sacchi 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2091:heart attacks 2088: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060:, especially 2059: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1943:heart disease 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890:biostatistics 1887: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1793:psychotherapy 1790: 1784: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1763:public health 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1725: 1721: 1720:Heart disease 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1613:is caused by 1612: 1608: 1603: 1602:at the time. 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1547:heart disease 1544: 1540: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1488: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1431: 1427: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1381:eye infection 1378: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1348: 1344: 1343:Convalescence 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1238:HIV infection 1235: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1202:acute disease 1199: 1197:Acute disease 1196: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1191:herpes zoster 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175:viral latency 1171: 1167: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1130:schizophrenia 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1076:overtreatment 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1017:secondary to 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 999:Down syndrome 996: 992: 991: 986: 983: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 950: 944: 940: 936: 935: 930: 926: 922: 919: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 873: 869: 868:schizophrenia 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 842: 835: 832: 828: 827: 826:medical state 822: 818: 815: 810: 806: 802: 801:value-neutral 798: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 774: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 738: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 676: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 600: 597: 594: 591: 587: 586:immune system 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 564: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 530: 527: 523: 519: 515: 512: 509: 505: 501: 497: 492: 488: 485: 482: 478: 475: 472: 468: 465: 462: 458: 454: 450: 447: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 417: 414: 410: 407: 404: 400: 396: 392: 390:Acute disease 389: 386: 382: 378: 375: 372: 368: 367:heart disease 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 305: 304: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 270: 268: 267: 262: 261: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 204: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 148: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 129:immune system 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 99: 94: 90: 85: 78: 76: 68: 62: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 5248:Chondropathy 5243:Bone disease 5215:Skin disease 5043:Malnutrition 5020:Benign tumor 4921:Enzyme assay 4767: 4762: 4751:Karyorrhexis 4727:Myocytolysis 4717:Fat necrosis 4622:Inflammation 4610:Hemodynamics 4603:Pathogenesis 4582: 4513: 4496: 4479: 4471: 4462: 4408: 4396: 4329: 4284:(2): 93–99. 4281: 4277: 4271: 4238: 4214: 4172: 4132: 4126: 4083: 4079: 4069: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4011: 4005: 3985: 3978: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3927:the original 3916: 3899:the original 3894: 3862:the original 3857: 3848: 3838:21 September 3836:. Retrieved 3827: 3818: 3806:. Retrieved 3802:the original 3793: 3784: 3771: 3761: 3729: 3722: 3710:. Retrieved 3705: 3696: 3683: 3674: 3662:. Retrieved 3658:UN Chronicle 3657: 3647: 3609: 3603: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3532:. Retrieved 3528: 3519: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3456: 3449: 3437:. Retrieved 3428: 3419: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3350:. Retrieved 3341: 3332: 3292:(124): 124. 3289: 3285: 3275: 3265:– via 3259:. Retrieved 3245: 3233:. Retrieved 3224: 3214: 3206: 3199:. Retrieved 3190: 3181: 3172: 3142: 3136: 3126: 3114:. Retrieved 3103: 3093: 3081:. Retrieved 3061: 3054: 3042:. Retrieved 3033: 3024: 3012:. Retrieved 3008:the original 2998: 2979: 2973: 2961:. Retrieved 2952: 2942: 2930:. Retrieved 2922: 2913: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2751: 2747: 2737: 2710: 2704: 2694: 2685: 2677: 2665:. Retrieved 2653: 2644: 2632:. Retrieved 2628:the original 2618: 2606:. Retrieved 2602:the original 2588: 2576:. Retrieved 2562: 2550:. Retrieved 2535: 2526: 2518: 2493:Rare disease 2392: 2384:chemotherapy 2373: 2369: 2357:insurrection 2334: 2327: 2312: 2293: 2283: 2267: 2247: 2228: 2224:Hmong people 2209: 2202: 2000:tuberculosis 1932: 1921: 1915: 1906: 1902: 1873:risk factors 1866: 1862: 1859:Epidemiology 1853:Epidemiology 1836: 1817: 1788: 1786: 1755:vaccinations 1740: 1692: 1678: 1633:epidemiology 1614: 1604: 1584:tuberculosis 1577: 1559: 1536: 1505: 1494: 1464: 1460: 1452: 1448:organ system 1436:pathogenesis 1433: 1347:Recuperation 1325: 1322:silent stage 1321: 1317: 1316:Also called 1297: 1293: 1272:Exacerbation 1193:(shingles). 1163: 1153:psychosocial 1039: 988: 975:denotatively 970: 962: 958: 948: 932: 928: 924: 920: 894: 890: 886: 879:epidemiology 851: 843: 830: 824: 820: 808: 804: 793: 785: 777: 771: 767: 763: 747: 743: 729: 717: 713: 709: 705: 668:hyperalgesia 634: 630: 623:asymptomatic 617: 613: 609: 605: 574:complication 544:complication 496:autoimmunity 384: 343:colonization 310: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 281: 269:, or cause. 265: 258: 256: 224:communicable 205: 180:disabilities 151: 149: 116: 104: 102: 89: 74: 61: 46: 37:This is the 31: 5102:Ear disease 5097:Eye disease 4775:Hemosiderin 4656:Hyperplasia 4651:Hypertrophy 4627:Cell damage 4404:(WHO), 2004 4371:MedlinePlus 4331:In Our Time 4326:BBC Radio 4 4278:Med Humanit 3794:aihw.gov.au 3712:14 February 3664:14 February 3534:14 February 3429:www.who.int 3235:21 December 3225:MedicineNet 3030:"morbidity" 3014:20 November 2634:12 November 2335:People use 2263:White House 2189:Renaissance 1937:(QALY) and 1847:urgent care 1797:medications 1749:, adequate 1689:common cold 1600:social ills 1541:) forms of 1206:common cold 1187:acute phase 1064:bright line 1052:Prediabetes 1044:subclinical 955:connotative 945:, although 931:. The word 885:, the term 864:Comorbidity 807:, the term 726:psychiatric 704:. 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