Music psychology - Knowledge

1197:. According to research, listening to music has been found to affect the mood of an individual. The main factors in whether it will affect that individual positively or negatively are based on the musics tempo and style. In addition, listening to music also increases cognitive functions, creativity, and decreases feelings of fatigue. All of these factors lead to better workflow and a more optimal result in the activity done while listening to music. This leads to the conclusion that listening to music while performing an activity is an excellent way of increasing productivity and the overall experience. It has been proposed that the ability to understand the emotional meaning of music might rely on the existence of a common neural system for processing the affective meaning of voices/vocalizations and musical sounds. In addition to emotional responses, music has influenced the lifestyles of individuals and changed people's perceptions of what "sexy" is. Although music cannot resolve all human beings needs, it is heavily relied on to alter the feelings and emotions. 1364:

correlate with their training. Some neuroimaging studies have observed that musicians show lower levels of activity in motor regions than non-musicians during the performance of simple motor tasks, which may suggest a more efficient pattern of neural recruitment. Other studies have shown that early musical training may positively affect word reading, by promoting the specialization of an extra right-sided "note visual area" to process spatially relevant visual information (i.e., pentagram, bars, etc.) This neuroplastic effect might help prevent surface dyslexia. Music learning also involves the formation of novel audio visuomotor associations, which results in the ability to detect an incorrect association between sounds and the corresponding musical gestures, also allowing to learn how to play a musical instrument.

2068:, that everyone sing, even if they are not musically talented, because of its health benefits. Singing lowers blood pressure by releasing pent up emotions, boosting relaxation, and reminding them of happy times. It also allows singers to breathe more easily. Patients with lung disease and chronic pulmonary disease experience relief from their symptoms from singing just two times a week. In addition to breathing related illness, singing also has numerous benefits for stroke victims when it comes to relearning the ability to speak and communicate by singing their thoughts. Singing activates the right side of the brain when the left side cannot function (the left side is the area of the brain responsible for speech), so it is easy to see how singing can be an excellent alternative to speech while the victim heals. 1759:, performance while working on tests, and attention in cognitive monitoring tasks. Background music can also be used as a way to relieve boredom, create positive moods, and maintain a private space. Background music has been shown to put a restless mind at ease by presenting the listener with various melodies and tones. It has been shown that listening to different types of music may modulate differently psychological mood and physiological responses associated with the induced emotions. For example, listening to atonal music might result in reduced heart rate (fear bradycardia) and increased blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic), possibly reflecting an increase in alertness and attention, psychological tension, and anxiety. 2044:(positive emotions, self-perception, etc.), and functional outcomes (health benefits of being in the choir). Findings showed that a sense of well-being is associated with singing, by uplifting the mood of the participants and releasing endorphins in the brain. Many singers also reported that singing helped them regulate stress and relax, allowing them to deal better with their daily lives. From a social perspective, approval from the audience, and interaction with other choir members in a positive manner is also beneficial. 1589: 2032:

was even used as an early form of social bonding. As stated by Savage et al. (2020), Songs were also used to identify a socio-cultural connection between individuals, as songs typically vary. If two people knew the same song, they likely had a connection from previous generations (7), because song is often more memorable. Savage et al. continues by presenting evidence that music or singing may have evolved in humans even before language. Furthermore, Levitin, in his

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need, by reducing stress hormones, and increasing quantities of cytokines—proteins of the immune system that can increase the body's ability to fight disease. "Singing gives you physical benefits like breath control and muscle movement and enunciation, as well as the learning benefits of processing information" says a musical director and accompanist in the study. The enunciation and speech benefits tie into the language benefits detailed below.

47: 12597: 2369: 2023:(AIRS). Singing provides physical, cognitive, and emotional benefits to participants. When they step on stage, many singers forget their worries and focus solely on the song. Singing is becoming a more widely known method of increasing an individual's overall health and wellness, in turn helping them to battle diseases such as cancer more effectively due to decreased stress, releasing of endorphins, and increased lung capacity. 849:) demonstrated that, when string length was held constant, varying its tension, thickness, or composition could alter perceived pitch. From this, he argued that simple ratios were not enough to account for musical phenomenon and that a perceptual approach was necessary. He also claimed that the differences between various tuning systems were not perceivable, thus the disputes were unnecessary. Study of topics including 1716:. In general, the plasticity traits (openness to experience and extraversion) affect music preference more than the stability traits (agreeableness, neuroticism, and conscientiousness). Gender has been shown to influence preference, with men choosing music for primarily cognitive reasons and women for emotional reasons. Relationships with music preference have also been found with mood and nostalgic association. 9670: 9142: 12335: 2036:, argues that "music may be the activity that prepared our pre-human ancestors for speech communication" and that "singing ... might have helped our species to refine motor skills, paving the way for the development of the exquisitely fine muscle control required for vocal ... speech" (260). On the other hand, he cites Pinker, who "argued that language is an adaptation and music is its 3102: 12321: 589: 1576:. Musical preferences are biased toward culturally familiar musical traditions beginning in infancy, and adults' classification of the emotion of a musical piece depends on both culturally specific and universal structural features. Additionally, individuals' musical memory abilities are greater for culturally familiar music than for culturally unfamiliar music. 1287:. The importance of cortical regions lateral to A1 for pitch coding is also supported by studies of human cortical lesions and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain. These data suggest a hierarchical system for pitch processing, with more abstract properties of sound stimulus processed further along the processing pathways. 1901:, sought to measure innate musical talent through discrimination tests of pitch, interval, rhythm, consonance, memory, etc., later research found these approaches to have little predictive power and to be influenced greatly by the test-taker's mood, motivation, confidence, fatigue, and boredom when taking the test. 2031:

John Daniel Scott, among others, have cited that "people who sing are more likely to be happy". This is because "singing elevates the levels of neurotransmitters which are associated with pleasure and well being". Humans have a long prehistory of music, especially singing; it is speculated that music

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Musical aptitude refers to a person's innate ability to acquire skills and knowledge required for musical activity, and may influence the speed at which learning can take place and the level that may be achieved. Study in this area focuses on whether aptitude can be broken into subsets or represented

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have greatly shaped the direction of music psychology into the 21st century. With the growth of music psychology throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, literature surrounding the field lacks proper forms of feedback. This is due in part to a lack of rigor within the testing process. More empirically

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In 1963 F. Chrysler was the first one to use the term "science of music" when he was working on his "year book for musical knowledge". European musicology was found in Greek. They were focused on the philosophy, and the concepts of any relations with music. Greek's several theories rose later to Arab

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found that singing in a choir for just one hour boosts levels of immune proteins in cancer patients and has a positive overall effect on the health of patients. The study explores the possibility that singing could help put patients in the best mental and physical shape to receive the treatment they

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One of the most important aspects of an advertisement's music is the "musical fit", or the degree of congruity between cues in the ad and song content. Advertisements and music can be congruous or incongruous for both lyrical and instrumental music. The timbre, tempo, lyrics, genre, mood, as well as

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Music at a lower volume can reduce anxiety and blood pressure while improving mood, alertness, and memory. Listening to music at a moderate volume can maximize the benefits of listening to music. This happens because you receive all of the positive benefits of listening to music, without the risk of

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Dynamics in music refers to the volume of the music, or how loud the music is. 25% of American adults have some form of hearing loss from exposure to loud noise excessively. Loud volume can cause hearing loss that can occur with one singular loud noise, or consistently listening to loud noises. High

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A significant amount of research concerns brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processes underlying music perception and performance. These behaviours include music listening, performing, composing, reading, writing, and ancillary activities. It also is increasingly concerned with the

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Scientific studies suggest that singing can have positive effects on people's health. A preliminary study based on self-reported data from a survey of students participating in choral singing found perceived benefits including increased lung capacity, improved mood, stress reduction, as well as

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Many areas of music psychology research focus on the application of music in everyday life as well as the practices and experiences of the amateur and professional musician. Each topic may utilize knowledge and techniques derived from one or more of the areas described above. Such areas include:

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Although auditory–motor interactions can be observed in people without formal musical training, musicians are an excellent population to study because of their long-established and rich associations between auditory and motor systems. Musicians have been shown to have anatomical adaptations that

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Studies have found evidence suggesting the mental, as well as physical, benefits of singing. When conducting a study with 21 members of a choir at three different points over one year, three themes suggested three areas of benefits; the social impact (connectedness with others), personal impact

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Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify the pitch of a musical tone or to produce a musical tone at a given pitch without the use of an external reference pitch. Researchers estimate the occurrence of AP to be 1 in 10,000 people. The extent to which this ability is innate or learned is

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Singing is beneficial for pregnant mothers. By giving them another medium of communication with their newborns, mothers in one study reported feelings of love and affection when singing to their unborn children. They also reported feeling more relaxed than ever before during their stressful

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Previous neuroimaging studies have consistently reported activity in the SMA and premotor areas, as well as in auditory cortices, when non-musicians imagine hearing musical excerpts. Recruitment of the SMA and premotor areas is also reported when musicians are asked to imagine performing.

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This interdisciplinary field investigates topics such as the parallels between language and music in the brain. Biologically inspired models of computation are often included in research, such as neural networks and evolutionary programs. This field seeks to model how musical knowledge is

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In both radio and television advertisements, music plays an integral role in content recall, intentions to buy the product, and attitudes toward the advertisement and brand itself. Music's effect on marketing has been studied in radio ads, TV ads, and physical retail settings.

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Behavioural studies demonstrate that rhythm and pitch can be perceived separately, but that they also interact in creating a musical perception. Studies of auditory rhythm discrimination and reproduction in patients with brain injury have linked these functions to the

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Deutsch, Diana; Gabrielsson, Alf; Sloboda, John; Cross, Ian; Drake, Carolyn; Parncutt, Richard; McAdams, Stephen; Clarke, Eric F.; Trehub, Sandra E.; O'Neill, Susan; Hargreaves, David; Kemp, Anthony; North, Adrian; Zatorre, Robert J. (2001). "Psychology of music".

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brain basis for musical aesthetics and musical emotion. Scientists working in this field may have training in cognitive neuroscience, neurology, neuroanatomy, psychology, music theory, computer science, and other allied fields, and use such techniques as

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perceived social and spiritual benefits. However, one much older study of lung capacity compared those with professional vocal training to those without, and failed to back up the claims of increased lung capacity. Singing may positively influence the

1805:, with loudness and lyrical content possibly playing a role. Other factors proposed to affect the relationship between music listening and productivity include musical structure, task complexity, and degree of control over the choice and use of music. 1882:

as a single construct, whether aptitude can be measured prior to significant achievement, whether high aptitude can predict achievement, to what extent aptitude is inherited, and what implications questions of aptitude have on educational principles.

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of people performing complex cognitive tasks. One study suggested that listening to one's preferred genre of music can enhance productivity in the workplace, though other research has found that listening to music while working can be a source of

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has been studied in depth. This includes isolating which specific features of a musical work or performance convey or elicit certain reactions, the nature of the reactions themselves, and how characteristics of the listener may determine which

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focuses on the impact of music with non-musical tasks, including changes in behavior in the presence of different types, settings, or styles of music. In laboratory settings, music can affect performance on cognitive tasks (memory,

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Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas; Swami, Viren; Cermakova, Blanka (May 2012). "Individual differences in music consumption are predicted by uses of music and age rather than emotional intelligence, neuroticism, extraversion or openness".

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of performing music requires the interaction of neural mechanisms in both motor and auditory systems. Since every action expressed in a performance produces a sound that influences subsequent expression, this leads to impressive

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pregnancy. A song can have nostalgic significance by reminding a singer of the past, and momentarily transport them, allowing them to focus on singing and embrace the activity as an escape from their daily lives and problems.

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Hagen, Edward H.; Hammerstein, Peter (September 2009). "Did Neanderthals and other early humans sing? Seeking the biological roots of music in the territorial advertisements of primates, lions, hyenas, and wolves".

810:, who foreshadowed modern music psychology in his view that music could only be understood through human perception and its relation to human memory. Despite his views, the majority of musical education through the 952:

at the turn of the century, music psychology moved beyond the study of isolated tones and elements to the perception of their inter-relationships and human reactions to them, though work languished behind that of

1323:, but have shown no consistent localization or lateralization. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have shown that the motor regions of the brain contribute to both perception and production of rhythms. 957:. In Europe Géza Révész and Albert Wellek developed a more complex understanding of musical pitch, and in the US the focus shifted to that of music education and the training and development of musical skill. 3513:

Salimpoor, Valorie N; Benovoy, Mitchel; Larcher, Kevin; Dagher, Alain; Zatorre, Robert J (February 2011). "Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music".

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This period has also seen the founding of music psychology-specific journals, societies, conferences, research groups, centers, and degrees. This trend has brought research toward specific applications for

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Kreutz, Gunter; Bongard, Stephan; Rohrmann, Sonja; Hodapp, Volker; Grebe, Dorothee (December 2004). "Effects of choir singing or listening on secretory immunoglobulin A, cortisol, and emotional state".

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Kester, D.Brian; Saykin, Andrew J.; Sperling, Michael R.; O'Connor, Michael J.; Robinson, Lindsey J.; Gur, Ruben C. (January 1991). "Acute effect of anterior temporal lobectomy on musical processing".

2225: 7228: 1516:, the question of animal song, selection pressures underlying music evolution", and "music evolution and human evolution". It seeks to understand music perception and activity in the context of 5205:

Hamman, M., 1999. "Structure as Performance: Cognitive Musicology and the Objectification of Procedure," in Otto Laske: Navigating New Musical Horizons, ed. J. Tabor. New York: Greenwood Press.

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Penhune, V. B.; Zatorre, R. J.; Feindel, W. H. (1999). "The role of auditory cortex in retention of rhythmic patterns in patients with temporal-lobe removals including Heschl's gyrus".

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Aheadi, Afshin; Dixon, Peter; Glover, Scott (January 2010). "A limiting feature of the Mozart effect: listening enhances mental rotation abilities in non-musicians but not musicians".

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represented, stored, perceived, performed, and generated. By using a well-structured computer environment, the systematic structures of these cognitive phenomena can be investigated.

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Meister, I.G; Krings, T; Foltys, H; Boroojerdi, B; Müller, M; Töpper, R; Thron, A (May 2004). "Playing piano in the mind—an fMRI study on music imagery and performance in pianists".

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Barrett, Frederick S.; Grimm, Kevin J.; Robins, Richard W.; Wildschut, Tim; Sedikides, Constantine; Janata, Petr (2010). "Music-evoked nostalgia: Affect, memory, and personality".

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Avila, Christina; Furnham, Adrian; McClelland, Alastair (January 2012). "The influence of distracting familiar vocal music on cognitive performance of introverts and extraverts".

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de Groot, Annette M. B. (September 2006). "Effects of Stimulus Characteristics and Background Music on Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning and Forgetting: Language Learning".

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Lalwani, Ashok K.; Lwin, May O.; Ling, Pee Beng (14 April 2009). "Does Audiovisual Congruency in Advertisements Increase Persuasion? The Role of Cultural Music and Products".

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corresponding to that fundamental frequency. The perception of a pitch without the corresponding fundamental frequency in the physical stimulus is called the pitch of the

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Park, C. Whan; Young, S. Mark (February 1986). "Consumer Response to Television Commercials: The Impact of Involvement and Background Music on Brand Attitude Formation".

925:, which sought to break down experience into its smallest definable parts. This expanded upon previous centuries of acoustic study, and included Helmholtz developing the 969:. Seashore used bespoke equipment and standardized tests to measure how performance deviated from indicated markings and how musical aptitude differed between students. 1532:; a type of "auditory cheesecake" that pleases the senses without providing any adaptive function. This view has been directly countered by numerous music researchers. 5215:

Wallin, Nils Lennart; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven (2000). "An Introduction to Evolutionary Musicology". In Wallin, Nils Lennart; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven (eds.).

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Vuoskoski, Jonna K.; Eerola, Tuomas (July 2011). "Measuring music-induced emotion: A comparison of emotion models, personality biases, and intensity of experiences".

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Music psychology in the second half of the 20th century has expanded to cover a wide array of theoretical and applied areas. From the 1960s the field grew along with

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Proverbio, Alice M.; Manfrin, Luigi; Arcari, Laura A.; De Benedetto, Francesco; Gazzola, Martina; Guardamagna, Matteo; Lozano Nasi, Valentina; Zani, Alberto (2015).

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Hund-Georgiadis, M.; von Cramon, D. Y. (1999). "Motorlearning-related changes in piano players and nonmusicians revealed by functional magnetic-resonance signals".

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Hahn, Minhi; Hwang, Insuk (1999). "Effects of tempo and familiarity of background music on message processing in TV advertising: A resource-matching perspective".

985:, including such research areas as music perception (particularly of pitch, rhythm, harmony, and melody), musical development and aptitude, music performance, and 6098:

Cassidy, Gianna; MacDonald, Raymond A.R. (July 2007). "The effect of background music and background noise on the task performance of introverts and extraverts".

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Alley, Thomas R.; Greene, Marcie E. (December 2008). "The Relative and Perceived Impact of Irrelevant Speech, Vocal Music and Non-vocal Music on Working Memory".

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Jancke, L.; Shah, N. J.; Peters, M. (2000). "Cortical activations in primary and secondary motor areas for complex bimanual movements in professional pianists".

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Zatorre, Robert J.; Chen, Joyce L.; Penhune, Virginia B. (2007). "When the Brain Plays Music: Auditory–motor Interactions in Music Perception and Production".

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to examine how the perception and practice of music differs between cultures. It has also emerged into the public sphere. In recent years several bestselling

658:, including the processes through which music is perceived, created, responded to, and incorporated into everyday life. Modern music psychology is primarily 8138: 6680:

Eroglu, Sevgin A.; Machleit, Karen A.; Chebat, Jean-Charles (July 2005). "The interaction of retail density and music tempo: Effects on shopper responses".

2778: 2343: 1185:. The implications for casual listeners are also great; research has shown that the pleasurable feelings associated with emotional music are the result of 4744:

Koeneke, Susan; Lutz, Kai; Wüstenberg, Torsten; Jäncke, Lutz (June 2004). "Long-term training affects cerebellar processing in skilled keyboard players".

2637: 2631: 10616: 7486: 2248:, music theory/analysis, psychology, music education, music therapy, music medicine, and systematic musicology journals. The latter include for example: 7220: 6539:

Oakes, Steve; North, Adrian C. (May 2006). "The impact of background musical tempo and timbre congruity upon ad content recall and affective response".

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Jones, Mari Riess; Moynihan, Heather; MacKenzie, Noah; Puente, Jennifer (July 2002). "Temporal Aspects of Stimulus-Driven Attending in Dynamic Arrays".

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Johnsrude, I. S.; Penhune, V. B.; Zatorre, R. J. (2000). "Functional specificity in the right human auditory cortex for perceiving pitch direction".

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Sakai, Katsuyuki; Hikosaka, Okihide; Miyauchi, Satoru; Takino, Ryousuke; Tamada, Tomoe; Iwata, Nobue Kobayashi; Nielsen, Mathew (15 November 1999).

1276:. Neurons lateral to A1 in marmoset monkeys were found to be sensitive specifically to the fundamental frequency of a complex tone, suggesting that 5732:

Demorest, S. M.; Morrison, S. J.; Beken, M. N.; Jungbluth, D. (2008). "Lost in translation: An enculturation effect in music memory performance".

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Pitch constancy refers to the ability to perceive pitch identity across changes in acoustical properties, such as loudness, temporal envelope, or

3924: 6356:"Auditory enhancement of visual memory encoding is driven by emotional content of the auditory material and mediated by superior frontal cortex" 5809:

Miranda, Dave; Morizot, Julien; Gaudreau, Patrick (January 2010). "Personality Metatraits and Music Preferences in Adolescence: A Pilot Study".

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Balkwill, L.; Thompson, W. F.; Matsunaga, R. (2004). "Recognition of emotion in Japanese, Western, and Hindustani music by Japanese listeners".

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Lavack, Anne M.; Thakor, Mrugank V.; Bottausci, Ingrid (January 2008). "Music-brand congruency in highand low-cognition radio advertising".

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Zander, Mark F. (October 2006). "Musical influences in advertising: how music modifies first impressions of product endorsers and brands".

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Langheim, F; Callicott, JH; Mattay, VS; Duyn, JH; Weinberger, DR (August 2002). "Cortical Systems Associated with Covert Music Rehearsal".

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Chebat, Jean-Charles; Chebat, Claire Gélinas; Vaillant, Dominique (November 2001). "Environmental background music and in-store selling".

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Kämpfe, Juliane; Sedlmeier, Peter; Renkewitz, Frank (October 2011). "The impact of background music on adult listeners: A meta-analysis".

765:, or from psychological analyses of composers and compositions in relation to perceptual, affective, and social responses to their music. 11435: 7268: 7251: 12174: 9702: 3557:

Campion, Maxine; Levita, Liat (4 March 2014). "Enhancing positive affect and divergent thinking abilities: Play some music and dance".

2016:. One study found that both singing and listening to choral music reduces the level of stress hormones and increases immune function. 11890: 10960: 8030: 6484: 973:

and the Christians theories. Although their theories survived, they were also corrupted along the way, in the Middle Ages of Europe.

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Janata, P.; Grafton, S. T. (2003). "Swinging in the brain: shared neural substrates for behaviors related to sequencing and music".

12690: 9150: 8915: 8557: 3975:"A neural representation of pitch salience in nonprimary human auditory cortex revealed with functional magnetic resonance imaging" 2295: 331: 9544: 8779: 8667: 4641: 10373: 9938: 9213: 2974: 9261:

Honing, Henkjan (2013). "Musical Cognition. A Science of Listening (2nd edition)." New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

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Beanland, Vanessa; Allen, Rosemary A.; Pammer, Kristen (December 2011). "Attending to music decreases inattentional blindness".

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Graci, Craig (December 2009). "A Brief Tour of the Learning Sciences via a Cognitive Tool for Investigating Melodic Phenomena".

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A primary focus of music psychology research concerns how best to teach music and the effects this has on childhood development.

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basis and for a "critical period" in which the ability can be learned, especially in conjunction with early musical training.

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allowed for more objective examinations of musical behavior and experience, the theoretical and technological advancements of

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Tanguiane (Tangian), Andranick (1994). "Principle of correlativity of perception and its applications to music recognition".

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While the majority of music psychology research has focused on music in a Western context, the field has expanded along with

9406: 8983: 6411:"Non-expert listeners show decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure (fear bradycardia) in response to atonal music" 12385: 5528:

Soley, Gaye; Hannon, Erin E. (2010). "Infants prefer the musical meter of their own culture: A cross-cultural comparison".

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Laske, O. (1999). AI and music: A cornerstone of cognitive musicology. In M. Balaban, K. Ebcioglu, & O. Laske (Eds.),

2376: 1528:, a view which has spawned several competing theories of music evolution. An alternate view sees music as a by-product of 885:. This included further speculation concerning the nature of the sense organs and higher-order processes, particularly by 778:

The study of sound and musical phenomena prior to the 19th century was focused primarily on the mathematical modelling of

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Much work within music psychology seeks to understand the cognitive processes that support musical behaviors, including

798:. This view that sound and music could be understood from a purely physical standpoint was echoed by such theorists as 12848: 12194: 11860: 10606: 7674: 7079:

Patrick E. Savage; Psyche Loui; Bronwyn Tarr; Adena Schachner; Luke Glowacki; Steven Mithen; W. Tecumseh Fitch (2021).

3068: 2652: 2504: 2657: 1342:(SMA) are often implicated. The analysis of rhythm may depend on interactions between the auditory and motor systems. 1152:

Music has been shown to consistently elicit emotional responses in its listeners, and this relationship between human

1061:" sparked lengthy debate among researchers, educators, politicians, and the public regarding the relationship between 12292: 12075: 11083: 11017: 9883: 9674: 9568: 9525: 9503: 9488: 9470: 9452: 9388: 9284: 9255: 9178: 5667:"Emotional responses in Papua New Guinea show negligible evidence for a universal effect of major versus minor music" 2498: 1217: 7941: 1791: 13274: 11550: 11002: 10965: 9828: 6737:

OAKES, STEVE (1 January 2007). "Evaluating Empirical Research into Music in Advertising: A Congruity Perspective".

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A multinational collaboration to study the connection between singing and health was established in 2009, called

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Peretz, I. (1990). "Processing of local & global musical information by unilateral brain-damaged patients".

13269: 12720: 12179: 11880: 11100: 9888: 9695: 9201:. In: Lynn Nadel: Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, Vol. 3, London: Nature Publishing Group, pp. 155–158. 6992: 4996:"Audio-visuomotor processing in the Musician's brain: an ERP study on professional violinists and clarinetists" 2619: 1687: 1565: 1494:. The use of computer models provides an exacting, interactive medium in which to formulate and test theories. 1482:

by a difference in methodological emphasis. Cognitive musicology uses computer modeling to study music-related

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sound levels can damage the hairs in the inner ear that receive sound, which can cause permanent hearing loss.

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Groussard, M.; Rauchs, G.; Landeau, B.; Viader, F.; Desgranges, B.; Eustache, F.; Platel, H. (December 2010).

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Cambridge: MIT Press. Chapter 11: "Levels of Musical Structure", section 11.1: "What is Musical Cognition?"

7465: 2698: 2578: 2432: 1229: 571: 484: 7721: 5600:"Harmonic organisation conveys both universal and culture-specific cues for emotional expression in music" 13337: 12260: 12189: 12080: 11360: 11039: 10955: 10289: 10268: 10254: 9808: 9793: 9616: 9366: 8342: 7156: 3086: 2274: 2210: 1693: 1027: 605: 13332: 6856:"Research Shows Listening to Music Increases Productivity (and Some Types of Music Are Super Effective)" 3294:

Ockelford, Adam (2009). "Beyond music psychology". In Hallam, Susan; Cross, Ian; Thaut, Michael (eds.).

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Athanasopoulos, George; Eerola, Tuomas; Lahdelma, Imre; Kaliakatsos-Papakostas, Maximos (2021-01-13).

4940: 4826: 4110:"Genome-wide Study of Families with Absolute Pitch Reveals Linkage to 8q24.21 and Locus Heterogeneity" 1768: 13373: 13264: 13256: 12886: 12620: 12496: 12265: 11825: 11107: 10473: 10428: 9788: 9760: 9688: 9160: 2980: 2890: 2880: 2724: 2281: 1659: 526: 517: 439: 261: 142: 4555: 3383:

Thaut, Micahel (2009). "History and research". In Hallam, Susan; Cross, Ian; Thaut, Michael (eds.).

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Thaut, Micahel (2009). "History and research". In Hallam, Susan; Cross, Ian; Thaut, Michael (eds.).

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The latter 19th century saw the development of modern music psychology alongside the emergence of a

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Helps improve physical balance in people affected by illnesses such as Parkinson's disease =====

1507: 1487: 1446: 1257: 858: 662:; its knowledge tends to advance on the basis of interpretations of data collected by systematic 551: 449: 222: 187: 172: 167: 157: 106: 66: 7333: 7157:""To be heard": The social and mental health benefits of choir singing for disadvantaged adults" 5387:

Perlovsky, Leonid (July 2012). "Cognitive function, origin, and evolution of musical emotions".

3417: 3409: 13304: 13107: 12946: 12823: 12803: 12750: 12660: 12615: 12586: 12561: 12491: 12479: 12445: 11645: 11500: 11078: 10796: 10621: 10433: 10282: 10225: 9981: 9611: 8693: 8321: 7919: 7564: 4550: 3014: 2944: 2914: 2684: 2597: 2544: 2534: 2267: 1697: 1241: 1225: 1221: 1103: 1033: 786:. The earliest recorded experiments date from the 6th century BCE, most notably in the work of 667: 566: 499: 389: 301: 256: 232: 207: 137: 125: 91: 3881:

Zatorre1, R. J. (1988). "Pitch perception of complex tones and human temporal-lobe function".

3246: 2625: 13284: 13279: 12964: 12906: 12858: 12685: 12650: 12625: 12516: 12405: 12105: 12055: 11955: 11925: 11905: 11280: 11034: 11012: 10752: 10626: 10309: 10087: 9735: 8936: 7701:"University of PEI; Auditory Perception and Music Cognition Research and Training Laboratory" 7061: 6881: 4157:

Snyder, Bob (2009). "Memory for music". In Hallam, Susan; Cross, Ian; Thaut, Michael (eds.).

3918: 3044: 2950: 2671: 2642: 2492: 1740: 1265: 914: 866: 691: 546: 541: 459: 326: 291: 266: 162: 61: 56: 9394:

J.P.E. Harper-Scott and Jim Samson 'An Introduction to Music Studies', Chapter 4: John Rink,

3593: 3345: 12891: 12828: 12730: 12640: 12470: 12455: 11995: 11965: 11960: 11885: 11785: 11765: 11565: 11405: 11205: 11150: 11044: 11022: 10848: 10801: 9893: 9730: 7046: 6209:"The Beneficial Effect of Concurrent Task-Irrelevant Mental Activity on Temporal Attention" 5678: 5611: 5435: 5131:

Tanguiane, Andranik (September 1995). "Towards axiomatization of music perception 1 ast;".

5007: 4842: 4066: 3890: 3837: 3670: 3115: 3050: 3038: 2926: 2902: 2840: 2414: 2408: 2171: 1937: 1748: 1573: 1529: 1462: 1002: 730: 444: 369: 281: 116: 101: 8034: 5363: 4541:

Grahn, J. A.; Brett, M. (2007). "Rhythm and beat perception in motor areas of the brain".

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Social and Cognitive Computing Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR

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Smit, Eline Adrianne; Milne, Andrew J.; Sarvasy, Hannah S.; Dean, Roger T. (2022-06-29).

3125: 3080: 3056: 2864: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2057: 1947: 1910: 1663: 1517: 1273: 1178: 1153: 926: 699: 374: 364: 351: 316: 311: 296: 276: 271: 147: 86: 7199:"Choir singing boosts immune system activity in cancer patients and carers, study shows" 5682: 5615: 5439: 5011: 4224:. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Vol. 746. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer. 4070: 3894: 3841: 3674: 1193:—the same anatomical areas that underpin the anticipatory and rewarding aspects of drug 13202: 13082: 12916: 12863: 12775: 12770: 12705: 12645: 12605: 12531: 12287: 12255: 12110: 11975: 11930: 11815: 11770: 11700: 11650: 11535: 11490: 11190: 11180: 11122: 11112: 10831: 10583: 10453: 10160: 10130: 9833: 9813: 9408:

Musical Illusions and Phantom Words: How Music and Speech Unlock Mysteries of the Brain

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Heller, Stanley S; Hicks, William R; Root, Walter S (1960). "Lung volumes of singers".

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Proverbio, Alice Mado; Cozzi, Matteo; Orlandi, Andrea; Carminati, Manuel (2017-03-27).

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Proverbio, Alice Mado; Manfredi, Mirella; Zani, Alberto; Adorni, Roberta (2013-02-01).

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to isolate and understand pure and complex tones and their perception, the philosopher

862: 659: 469: 414: 409: 346: 286: 247: 177: 13322: 8671: 7487:"University of Western Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotion" 7308: 7292: 6720: 4803: 4722: 4339: 13227: 13217: 13142: 13117: 12798: 12755: 12680: 12581: 12566: 12450: 12415: 12245: 12240: 12135: 12025: 12020: 11985: 11940: 11935: 11850: 11830: 11805: 11720: 11675: 11670: 11595: 11515: 11430: 11425: 11380: 11375: 11330: 11295: 11290: 11275: 11260: 11220: 11071: 10918: 10906: 10811: 10786: 10767: 10568: 10563: 10348: 10047: 9923: 9903: 9873: 9773: 9651: 9636: 9621: 9601: 9579: 9564: 9521: 9499: 9484: 9466: 9448: 9422: 9412: 9384: 9313: 9296: 9280: 9262: 9251: 9223: 8961: 8111: 7361: 7347: 7183: 7135: 7102: 7009: 6971: 6926: 6889: 6817: 6758: 6666: 6590: 6450: 6432: 6395: 6383: 6375: 6336: 6274: 6231: 6227: 6208: 6193: 6084: 6049: 6014: 6006: 5979: 5932: 5901: 5866: 5830: 5783: 5779: 5714: 5696: 5647: 5629: 5584: 5545: 5502: 5497: 5480: 5453: 5408: 5367: 5289: 5279: 5230: 5220: 5111: 5076: 5041: 5023: 4968: 4960: 4921: 4903: 4854: 4846: 4807: 4761: 4726: 4683: 4615: 4568: 4523: 4464: 4421: 4417: 4386: 4343: 4300: 4225: 4199: 4162: 4139: 4082: 4039: 4004: 3955: 3906: 3863: 3798: 3754: 3742: 3704: 3686: 3643: 3631: 3623: 3578: 3543: 3531: 3493: 3468: 3421: 3388: 3365: 3324: 3299: 3250: 3199: 3174: 3140: 2858: 2711: 2564: 2538: 2486: 2175: 2013: 1985: 1952: 1713: 1674: 1569: 1491: 1468: 1438: 1392: 1147: 1111: 986: 982: 954: 675: 671: 593: 394: 321: 227: 212: 96: 13352: 13342: 7021: 6938: 6628: 6371: 6286: 6158: 6119: 5944: 5342: 5252: 5192: 5088: 4994:

Mado Proverbio, Alice; Calbi, Marta; Manfredi, Mirella; Zani, Alberto (2014-07-29).

4980: 4941:"Error-related negativity in the skilled brain of pianists reveals motor simulation" 4866: 4773: 4433: 4094: 909:

A brass, spherical Helmholtz resonator based on his original design, circa 1890–1900

13237: 13232: 13097: 13092: 12992: 12813: 12760: 12700: 12695: 12571: 12546: 12277: 12159: 12115: 12100: 12090: 12070: 12045: 11950: 11910: 11865: 11780: 11745: 11740: 11730: 11710: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11570: 11525: 11520: 11485: 11470: 11445: 11420: 11415: 11395: 11370: 11345: 11335: 11285: 11250: 11230: 11225: 11210: 11195: 11185: 11165: 11160: 11155: 10950: 10747: 10706: 10648: 10543: 10513: 10340: 10247: 10190: 10175: 10125: 10110: 9783: 9778: 9540: 9362: 9350: 9340: 9239:

Day, Kingsley (October 21, 2004). "Music and the Mind: Turning the Cognition Key".

8783: 7652: 7339: 7171: 7094: 7001: 6963: 6918: 6805: 6746: 6716: 6689: 6654: 6616: 6578: 6548: 6510: 6480: 6440: 6422: 6367: 6326: 6316: 6266: 6243: 6223: 6181: 6146: 6107: 6072: 6037: 6002: 5967: 5924: 5889: 5854: 5818: 5795: 5775: 5741: 5704: 5686: 5637: 5619: 5580: 5557: 5537: 5514: 5492: 5465: 5443: 5396: 5330: 5180: 5140: 5068: 5031: 5015: 4952: 4911: 4893: 4838: 4799: 4753: 4718: 4695: 4675: 4607: 4580: 4560: 4513: 4503: 4476: 4456: 4413: 4378: 4335: 4312: 4292: 4257: 4191: 4129: 4121: 4074: 4031: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3947: 3898: 3853: 3845: 3810: 3788: 3734: 3694: 3678: 3613: 3605: 3566: 3523: 3357: 3242: 2852: 2472: 2204: 1967: 1751:, ad comprehension, and consumer choices. Background music can influence learning, 1731: 1725: 1426: 1123: 842: 399: 341: 336: 217: 192: 8473: 6796:

Lesiuk, Teresa (April 2005). "The effect of music listening on work performance".

5822: 5597: 4355: 1796:

Several studies have recognized that listening to music while working affects the

1478:

Cognitive musicology can be differentiated from the fields of music cognition and

1165:

are felt. The field draws upon and has significant implications for such areas as

13207: 13172: 13112: 13062: 12551: 12297: 12235: 12169: 12130: 12065: 12060: 12050: 12010: 11990: 11915: 11875: 11870: 11845: 11820: 11795: 11715: 11705: 11665: 11620: 11605: 11600: 11580: 11555: 11505: 11495: 11480: 11450: 11355: 11300: 11270: 11265: 11245: 11235: 11170: 10997: 10945: 10878: 10863: 10791: 10777: 10669: 10503: 10438: 10368: 10120: 10082: 10037: 10022: 9948: 9913: 9898: 9863: 9823: 9750: 9533: 8191:"University of Finance and Management in Warsaw; Music Performance and Brain Lab" 7967: 7065: 6270: 6134: 5761:"The neural substrates of musical memory revealed by fMRI and two semantic tasks" 5691: 5624: 3793: 3570: 3346:"A PRISMA review of research on feedback in music education and music psychology" 3130: 2606: 2140: 1832: 1814: 1756: 1561: 1547: 1513: 1430: 1388: 1382: 1335: 1316: 1099: 1062: 1018: 1014: 994: 711: 683: 679: 197: 10498: 7397: 5334: 4195: 4035: 886: 13247: 13167: 13162: 13127: 13102: 13072: 13067: 13052: 13047: 13027: 13022: 13002: 12793: 12351: 12304: 12272: 12250: 12204: 12125: 12035: 12000: 11980: 11970: 11895: 11855: 11810: 11775: 11755: 11750: 11685: 11640: 11590: 11575: 11560: 11530: 11510: 11475: 11455: 11400: 11325: 11320: 11240: 10935: 10901: 10868: 10806: 10674: 10170: 10145: 9986: 9918: 9908: 9848: 9768: 9272: 6967: 6954: 6922: 5106:

Navigating New Musical Horizons (Contributions to the Study of Music and Dance)

4564: 4382: 4125: 3682: 3196:

Music, Thought, and Feeling: Understanding the Psychology of Music, 2nd Edition

2832: 1752: 1521: 1472: 1296: 1022: 938: 894: 762: 9345: 9072: 9029: 8894: 7895:"University of Jyväskylä, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain" 7098: 7005: 6750: 6658: 6582: 6076: 5144: 3951: 3361: 1524:

speculated that music may have held an adaptive advantage and functioned as a

13367: 13152: 13137: 13122: 13077: 13042: 13007: 12987: 12977: 12972: 12951: 12911: 12843: 12745: 12740: 12282: 12030: 11835: 11800: 11680: 11615: 11545: 11540: 11440: 11350: 11315: 11029: 10970: 10913: 10883: 10858: 10843: 10816: 10701: 10696: 10548: 10538: 10488: 10468: 10418: 10380: 10363: 10353: 10230: 10210: 10200: 10185: 10140: 10135: 10092: 10057: 10042: 9996: 9976: 9868: 9725: 9476: 9458: 9440: 9402: 8984:"University of Oregon; Music Learning, Perception, and Cognition Focus Group" 8873: 7175: 6809: 6620: 6436: 6427: 6379: 6321: 6303:

Schäfer, Thomas; Sedlmeier, Peter; Städtler, Christine; Huron, David (2013).

6185: 6150: 6111: 6041: 5971: 5893: 5858: 5745: 5700: 5633: 5400: 5027: 4964: 4907: 4898: 4850: 4619: 3690: 3627: 3594:"Shared neural mechanisms for processing emotions in music and vocalizations" 3369: 3150: 2932: 2136: 2009: 1959: 1943: 1927: 1894: 1701: 1525: 1450: 1414: 1406: 1402: 1327: 1320: 1119: 1058: 998: 958: 922: 779: 758: 750: 687: 504: 464: 384: 379: 9554:

Neuroscienze Cognitive della Musica: Il cervello musicale tra Arte e Scienza

9051: 8758: 8714: 7678: 7081: 6884:. In Hepworth-Sawyer, R.; Hodgson, J.; Toulson, R.; Paterson, J. L. (eds.). 5293: 5234: 4296: 4078: 3270: 1106:, cognitive theories of how people understand music more recently encompass 13197: 13192: 13187: 13157: 13147: 13087: 13057: 13037: 12936: 12833: 12536: 12420: 12325: 11066: 10940: 10826: 10737: 10721: 10686: 10596: 10523: 10408: 10261: 10215: 10195: 10165: 10017: 9943: 9928: 8453:"UCL Institute of Education; International Music Education Research Centre" 7106: 7013: 6975: 6930: 6454: 6387: 6340: 6278: 6235: 5936: 5787: 5718: 5651: 5549: 5506: 5457: 5080: 5072: 5045: 4972: 4925: 4858: 4811: 4765: 4730: 4687: 4572: 4527: 4468: 4347: 4304: 4203: 4143: 4008: 3959: 3867: 3802: 3746: 3708: 3635: 3535: 3107: 2244:

Music psychologists also publish in a wide range of mainstream musicology,

2161: 1886: 1858: 1797: 1705: 1475:

musical knowledge with the goal of understanding both music and cognition.

1115: 1107: 1066: 1043: 1038: 783: 754: 722: 703: 489: 182: 9005:"Stanford University; Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics" 8431: 7832:"University of Montreal; Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music" 4679: 4425: 4390: 4086: 4043: 3910: 3592:

Proverbio, Alice Mado; Benedetto, Francesco De; Guazzone, Martina (2020).

2503:

Auditory Perception and Music Cognition Research and Training Laboratory,

13242: 13032: 13017: 12982: 12838: 12765: 12465: 10928: 10742: 10691: 10664: 10591: 10358: 10220: 10150: 8584:"Sheffield University; Department of Music, Psychology of Music Research" 8253: 7945: 4880:

Proverbio, Alice M.; Attardo, Lapo; Cozzi, Matteo; Zani, Alberto (2015).

2730: 2485:

Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Music and Media and Technology,

1802: 1744: 1709: 1182: 1135: 1095: 1053: 1048: 949: 930: 815: 811: 807: 790:

and his establishment of the simple string length ratios that formed the

663: 404: 111: 8558:"Royal Northern College of Music; Centre for Music Performance Research" 8212:"Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR; Music Cognition Group" 6485:

10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199912)16:8<659::AID-MAR3>3.0.CO;2-S

4269: 3849: 3618: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 2751:

RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time, and Motion,

1819: 1588: 1401:

perception. More specifically, it is the branch of science studying the

917:, one which passed through similar stages of development. The first was 13177: 13012: 12808: 12665: 12556: 12394: 10873: 10838: 10573: 10528: 10205: 10155: 10115: 10052: 9383:

Snyder, Bob (2000). "Music and Memory: an introduction" The MIT Press.

9354: 9093: 8958:"Ohio State University; Cognitive and Systematic Musicology Laboratory" 8056: 7988: 7811:"BRAMS - International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research" 6522: 5308:

The Singing Neanderthals: the Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body

3344:

Blackwell, Jennifer; Matherne, Nicholas; McPherson, Gary E (May 2023).

2533:

BRAMS - International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research,

2167: 1920: 1778:

any positive or negative associations elicited by certain music should

1677:

on musical preference (peers, family, experts, social background, etc.)

1331: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1131: 1127: 1083: 854: 831: 819: 818:

remained rooted in the Pythagorean tradition, particularly through the

799: 791: 787: 726: 718: 707: 655: 644: 640: 306: 202: 38: 8604: 8009: 7607:"Ghent University; Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music" 6693: 5184: 5019: 4627: 3609: 3414:

Handbook of Music and Emotion: Theory, Research, Applications (ch. 27)

905: 13212: 12997: 12901: 12230: 10558: 10390: 8780:"University of Rochester; Music Cognition at Eastman School of Music" 6552: 5928: 5541: 4261: 3902: 3657:

Proverbio, Alice Mado; Santoni, Sacha; Adorni, Roberta (2020-03-27).

3212: 2784: 2400: 1977: 1736: 1652: 1640: 1557: 1236: 1194: 1091: 890: 882: 850: 823: 651: 454: 9326:"Trends and Perspectives in Music Cognition Research and Technology" 9208:. In Oxford Bibliographies in Music. Edited by Dunn, D.S. New York: 8625: 8096: 7343: 6514: 5448: 5423: 3738: 3527: 1692:

Consumers' choices in music have been studied as they relate to the

1268:, though the dependence could be mediated solely by the presence of 46: 12926: 12921: 12881: 10681: 10643: 10478: 9680: 7516: 7445:"Melbourne University; Music, Music, Mind and Wellbeing Initiative" 7221:"You Docs: 5 reasons to sing – even if you can't carry a tune" 4611: 4460: 2188: 1981: 1973: 1844: 1422: 1303: 1269: 1260:

is one of the main areas associated with superior pitch resolution.

1190: 1186: 878: 827: 803: 742: 479: 474: 434: 10923: 9617:

Music, Thought, and Feeling: Understanding the Psychology of Music

9426: 9248:

Music, the Brain, and Ecstasy: How Music Captures Our Imagination.

9052:"University of Texas at San Antonio; Institute for Music Research" 7586:"University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna; Wiener Klangstil" 7375: 6909:

Clift, SM; Hancox, G (2001). "The perceived benefits of singing".

6408: 1021:

books have helped bring the field into public discussion, notably

10483: 10443: 10423: 10027: 9798: 9633:

Conceptualizing Music: Cognitive Structure, Theory, and Analysis.

8827:"Louisiana State University; Music Cognition and Computation Lab" 8388: 7700: 6832:"Music at work: distracting or beneficial? - Anneli B. Haake PhD" 5274:

Wallin, Nils Lennart; Merker, Björn; Brown, Steven, eds. (2000).

4492:"Neural Representation of a Rhythm Depends on Its Interval Ratio" 4108:

Theusch, Elizabeth; Basu, Analabha; Gitschier, Jane (July 2009).

3826:"The neuronal representation of pitch in primate auditory cortex" 2677: 2663: 2612: 2570: 2556: 2464: 2438: 2334:

Asia-Pacific Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (APSCOM)

2149:

the effectiveness of music in healthcare and therapeutic settings

1852: 1669: 1644: 1636: 1553: 1252: 1162: 870: 846: 738: 9277:"This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession." 7873: 7422: 4403: 4182:

Krumhansl, C. L. (2000). "Rhythm and pitch in music cognition".

4022:

Takeuchi, Annie H.; Hulse, Stewart H. (1993). "Absolute pitch".

717:

Music psychology can shed light on non-psychological aspects of

12596: 10757: 10493: 10448: 10413: 10398: 9966: 9669: 7894: 7768: 7725: 5843: 4993: 2812: 2764: 2744: 2584: 2478: 1963: 1418: 1410: 1284: 1087: 934: 874: 795: 746: 734: 9114: 8411:"University of Leicester; Social and Applied Psychology Group" 7989:"HMTMH; Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine" 7852: 7266: 5731: 5481:"Cognition and the Evolution of Music: Pitfalls and Prospects" 4938: 4827:"Musical expertise affects neural bases of letter recognition" 3659:"ERP Markers of Valence Coding in Emotional Speech Processing" 3235: 2040:... an evolutionary accident piggybacking on language" (248). 933:

using church organs and his own musical experience to explore

12363: 10975: 10611: 10533: 10463: 10332: 9878: 9004: 8916:"Northwestern University; Music Theory and Cognition Program" 8626:"University at Buffalo; Auditory Perception & Action Lab" 8190: 8074: 7627: 7444: 7132:

This is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession

6302: 5159:

Understanding music with AI: Perspectives on music cognition.

4789: 3512: 2798: 2717: 2704: 2690: 2602: 2352:

Society for Education, Music and Psychology Research (SEMPRE)

1988:), including the influence of musical and non-musical factors 1648: 1398: 1157: 835: 695: 648: 9220:

Music in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, An Encyclopedia

8830: 8646: 6911:

The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health

5758: 4282: 2515:

The Music, Acoustics, Perception, and LEarning (MAPLE) Lab,

12941: 10762: 10553: 8895:"Northwestern University; Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory" 8536: 8363: 8300: 7853:"University of Western Ontario; Music and Neuroscience Lab" 7810: 7606: 6988: 6207:

Olivers, Christian N.L.; Nieuwenhuis, Sander (April 2005).

5914: 5058: 4824: 4743: 4489: 3490:

Encyclopedia of Music in the Social and Behavioral Sciences

2863:

Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Research in Music,

2349:

Japanese Society for Music Perception and Cognition (JSMPC)

1445:, which can have relevance for musical composition and the 1326:

Even in studies where subjects only listen to rhythms, the

494: 8853:"University of Maryland; Language and Music Cognition Lab" 8254:"Royal Institute of Technology, Speech, Music and Hearing" 7968:"Institute for Systematic Musicology, Universität Hamburg" 7789: 7060:

Clarke, Heather Laura (20 June 2014). "Chronicle-Herald".

3591: 3343: 1840:

of musical behaviors and abilities throughout the lifespan

1743:), both positively and negatively. Used extensively as an 8737:"Theoretical Neuroscientist Ed Large Joins UConn Faculty" 8516:"University of Roehampton; Applied Music Research Centre" 8139:"Norwegian Academy of Music; Centre for Music and Health" 7585: 7269:"21 Incredible Benefits of Singing That Will Impress You" 7252:"21 Incredible Benefits of Singing That Will Impress You" 5570: 4882:"The effect of musical practice on gesture/sound pairing" 4879: 4665: 10301: 8537:"Royal College of Music; Centre for Performance Science" 8452: 7423:"Macquarie University; Music, Sound and Performance Lab" 5957: 3085:

Brain Research and Interdisciplinary Neurosciences Lab,

3073:

Laboratory for Music Cognition, Culture & Learning,

2077:

Works the lungs, tones up the intercostals and diaphragm

1863:

individual versus group learning of a musical instrument

1792:

Background music § Effects on cognitive performance

1429:

of musical sounds and the relevance of such studies for

1358: 8322:"University of Edinburgh; Music and the Human Sciences" 3937: 3487: 3079:

Music, Imaging, and Neural Dynamics (MIND) Laboratory,

3049:

Music Learning, Perception, and Cognition Focus Group,

2630:

Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine,

2123:

Improves mood through release of dopamine and serotonin

1890: 8852: 8474:"Queen Mary University of London; Music Cognition Lab" 7831: 7747: 7539:"University of Graz; Centre for Systematic Musicology" 6171: 5808: 5249:"The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex" 3777:"Mental concerts: musical imagery and auditory cortex" 3656: 2083:

Benefits cardio function by improving aerobic capacity

1413:

and music). Topics of study include perception of the

1355:

permanently damaging the delicate aspects of the ear.

900: 8806:"Florida State University; Center for Music Research" 8343:"Keele University; Centre for Psychological Research" 8232: 8165:"FC University of Music; Unit of Psychology of Music" 7565:"University of Klagenfurt; Cognitive Psychology Unit" 6644: 6353: 5208: 4325: 3972: 3408:

Thompson, William Forde; Balkwill, Laura-Lee (2010).

3169:

Tan, Siu-Lan; Pfordresher, Peter; Harré, Rom (2010).

3055:

Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics,

2577:

Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain,

2425:

ARC Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotion,

721:

and musical practice. For example, it contributes to

9561:

The Musical Mind: The Cognitive Psychology of Music.

8759:"Cornell University; The Music Cognition Laboratory" 8301:"Cambridge University; Centre for Music and Science" 7197:

sciencedaily, ecancermedicalscience (4 April 2016).

6706: 6679: 5664: 4107: 3973:

Penagos, H.; Melcher, J. R.; Oxenham, A. J. (2004).

3097: 2779:

University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw

2471:

Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music,

2344:

European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music

2157:

musicians' physical and mental health and well-being

1897:. While early tests of aptitude, such as Seashore's 761:

can benefit from systematic study of the history of

10617:

Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries

9292:

The Psychology of Music: A Very Short Introduction.

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An important early dissenter was 24: 12175:Classical and art music traditions 10607:History of lute-family instruments 10424:Cambodian ceremonial music—Pinpeat 9131: 7942:"Centre Pompidou; IRCAM; Research" 7466:"UNSW; Empirical Musicology Group" 7398:"Journal of Mathematics and Music" 7267:Symblème, Catharine (2014-03-26). 7250:Symblème, Catharine (2014-03-26). 7231:from the original on 28 March 2019 6880:Shelvock, Matt (16 January 2017). 6293: 5362:. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 4957:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.030 4758:10.1097/01.wnr.0000127463.10147.e7 4642:"Keep Your Brain Young with Music" 4509:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-22-10074.1999 3559:The Journal of Positive Psychology 3492:. New York, New York: Sage Press. 3440: 3162: 3069:University of Texas at San Antonio 3025:Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, 3013:Language and Music Cognition Lab, 2505:University of Prince Edward Island 2445:Centre for Systematic Musicology, 2407:Music, Sound and Performance Lab, 2254:Acta Acustica United With Acustica 2002: 1857:activities and practices within a 1808: 1376: 1302:debated, with evidence for both a 1200: 1098:. Originally arising in fields of 963:The Measurement of Musical Talents 25: 13390: 9884:Music in psychological operations 9662: 9650:Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9563:Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9520:Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9218:Thompson, William Forde (2014): " 6882:"Gestalt Theory and Mixing Audio" 5310:, Harvard University Press, 2006. 4804:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2003.12.005 2777:Music Performance and Brain Lab, 2130: 2051: 1899:The Measurement of Musical Talent 1449:. 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While the techniques of 768: 13318: 13255: 12962: 12872: 12784: 12621:Applied behavior analysis 12604: 12593: 12429: 12401: 12313: 12218: 12147: 11147: 11133: 10984: 10894: 10776: 10717: 10639: 10582: 10512: 10429:Chinese traditional music 10389: 10339: 10331: 10239: 10101: 10005: 9957: 9789:Consonance and dissonance 9759: 9718: 9559:Sloboda, John A. 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(2019). 7335:Can Music Make You Sick? 7176:10.1177/0305735611430081 6810:10.1177/0305735605050650 6682:Psychology and Marketing 6621:10.1177/0305735606067158 6428:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01646 6322:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00511 6186:10.1177/0305735611422672 6151:10.1525/mp.2011.29.2.173 6112:10.1177/0305735607076444 6042:10.1177/0305735609336057 5972:10.1177/0305735610376261 5894:10.1177/1029864911403367 5859:10.1177/0305735610381591 5746:10.1525/mp.2008.25.3.213 5530:Developmental Psychology 5401:10.1177/1029864912448327 4899:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00376 4792:Cognitive Brain Research 4711:Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 4383:10.1093/brain/113.4.1185 3146:Music-specific disorders 3136:Psychoanalysis and music 3075:University of Washington 3003:Florida State University 2909:University of Roehampton 2825:Music Psychology Group, 2805:Music Technology Group, 2453:University of Klagenfurt 2246:computational musicology 2153:music-specific disorders 1632:everyday music listening 1484:knowledge representation 1473:computationally modeling 1340:supplementary motor area 1078:Perception and cognition 774:Early history (pre-1850) 666:of and interaction with 12897:Behavioral neuroscience 12461:Behavioral neuroscience 12200:Music genres and styles 10504:Western classical music 10474:Persian classical music 9934:Speech-to-song illusion 9746:Evolutionary musicology 9396:The Psychology of Music 9210:Oxford University Press 9204:Deutsch, Diana (2013): 6415:Frontiers in Psychology 6309:Frontiers in Psychology 5422:Abbott, Alison (2002). 5356:Pinker, Steven (1997). 4886:Frontiers in Psychology 4646:www.hopkinsmedicine.org 4297:10.1111/1467-9280.00458 4079:10.1126/science.7732360 3952:10.1093/brain/123.1.155 3275:Encyclopedia Britannica 3033:Northwestern University 3027:Northwestern University 2997:University of Rochester 2993:Eastman School of Music 2871:University of Leicester 2857:Music and Science Lab, 2847:University of Edinburgh 2807:Pompeu Fabra University 2791:Music Cognition Group, 2739:University of Amsterdam 2737:Music Cognition Group, 2648:University of Oldenburg 2579:University of Jyväskylä 2289:Frontiers in Psychology 1508:Evolutionary musicology 1502:Evolutionary musicology 1488:artificial intelligence 1258:primary auditory cortex 731:computational modelling 450:Behavioral neuroscience 107:Behavioral neuroscience 12947:Psychology of religion 12887:Behavioral engineering 12824:Human subject research 12480:Cognitive neuroscience 12446:Affective neuroscience 12180:Classical music genres 11256:Bosnia and Herzegovina 10797:Doctor of Musical Arts 10622:History of the trumpet 10434:Indian classical music 10283:The World in Six Songs 10226:William Forde Thompson 9982:Musical hallucinations 9596:Temperley, D. (2004). 9556:, Zanichelli, Bologna. 7313:Listen4Life Foundation 7297:Listen4Life Foundation 6886:Innovation in Music II 5251:. 1871. Archived from 5073:10.1006/nimg.2002.1144 4024:Psychological Bulletin 3015:University of Maryland 2945:Harvard Medical School 2915:Royal College of Music 2685:University of Limerick 2598:University of Burgundy 2545:University of Montreal 2535:University of Montreal 2268:Computer Music Journal 2117:Reduces blood pressure 2109:Psychological benefits 1824: 1786:Music and productivity 1698:openness to experience 1580:Applied research areas 1560:plays a role in their 1336:dorsal premotor cortex 1261: 1226:electroencephalography 1222:magnetoencephalography 1177:, as well the acts of 1034:The World in Six Songs 910: 500:Psychology of religion 440:Behavioral engineering 126:Cognitive neuroscience 92:Affective neuroscience 13323:Wiktionary definition 12859:Self-report inventory 12854:Quantitative research 12006:São Tomé and Príncipe 11881:Saint Kitts and Nevis 11861:Republic of the Congo 10627:History of the violin 10088:Systematic musicology 7239:– via Proquest. 6360:Biological Psychology 6216:Psychological Science 6133:Patston, Lucy L. M.; 5264:Chapter III; Language 4680:10.1007/s002210050698 4600:Journal of Musicology 4285:Psychological Science 3045:Ohio State University 3037:Music Cognition Lab, 2951:University at Buffalo 2925:Department of Music, 2895:Music Cognition Lab, 2672:University of Iceland 2643:University of Cologne 2497:Music Cognition Lab, 2493:University of Toronto 2431:The MARCS Institute, 1822: 1639:and gatherings (e.g. 1387:Further information: 1266:fundamental frequency 1255: 977:Modern (1960–present) 908: 867:scientific revolution 594:Psychology portal 12849:Qualitative research 12804:Behavior epigenetics 12076:United Arab Emirates 11141: 10849:Cognitive musicology 9894:Music-related memory 9731:Cognitive musicology 9677:at Wikimedia Commons 9234:Introductory reading 9192:Encyclopedia entries 8171:on 20 September 2016 7402:Taylor & Francis 5329:(2_suppl): 291–320. 5276:The origins of music 5217:The origins of music 5102:Laske, Otto (1999). 3116:Cognitive musicology 3061:Dowling Laboratory, 3051:University of Oregon 3039:Princeton University 2979:Music Dynamics Lab, 2927:Sheffield University 2903:University of Oxford 2841:Cambridge University 2415:Melbourne University 2409:Macquarie University 2381:adding missing items 2098:Boosts immune system 1938:music-related memory 1749:marketing strategies 1536:Cultural differences 1530:linguistic evolution 1463:Cognitive musicology 1457:Cognitive musicology 1003:cognitive psychology 869:, including work by 13328:Wiktionary category 12892:Behavioral genetics 12864:Statistical surveys 12721:Occupational health 12456:Behavioral genetics 12226:Aesthetics of music 12041:Trinidad and Tobago 11176:Antigua and Barbuda 10660:Band (rock and pop) 10584:Musical instruments 10459:Lao classical music 10181:Max Friedrich Meyer 10073:Philosophy of music 10068:Performance science 10013:Aesthetics of music 9987:Musician's dystonia 9972:Auditory arrhythmia 9859:Melodic expectation 8833:on 29 November 2018 8281:on 14 February 2016 8037:on 27 February 2017 7164:Psychology of Music 7134:. New York: Plume. 7049:on 18 January 2015. 6798:Psychology of Music 6609:Psychology of Music 6174:Psychology of Music 6135:Tippett, Lynette J. 6100:Psychology of Music 6030:Psychology of Music 5960:Psychology of Music 5847:Psychology of Music 5683:2022PLoSO..1769597S 5616:2021PLoSO..1644964A 5440:2002Natur.416...12A 5012:2014NatSR...4E5866M 4502:(22): 10074–10081. 4449:Nature Neuroscience 4071:1995Sci...268..621S 3895:1988ASAJ...84..566Z 3850:10.1038/nature03867 3842:2005Natur.436.1161B 3836:(7054): 1161–1165. 3675:2020iSci...23j0933P 3516:Nature Neuroscience 3350:Psychology of Music 3126:Performance science 3081:Wesleyan University 3057:Stanford University 2991:Music Cognition at 2865:University of Leeds 2636:Hanover Music Lab, 2626:Universität Hamburg 2529:McMaster University 2523:McMaster University 2517:McMaster University 2233:Music & Science 2219:Psychology of Music 2120:Releases endorphins 2058:Tenovus Cancer Care 2027:Effect on the brain 1911:Performance science 1518:evolutionary theory 1274:missing fundamental 1179:musical composition 997:, performance, and 921:psychology, led by 637:psychology of music 445:Behavioral genetics 360:Occupational health 102:Behavioral genetics 33:Part of a series on 13300:Schools of thought 13203:Richard E. 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You can help by 1570:emotional reaction 1564:, including their 1439:auditory illusions 1262: 1142:Affective response 946:Gestalt psychology 911: 668:human participants 562:Schools of thought 400:Sport and exercise 248:Applied psychology 13361: 13360: 13338:Wikimedia Commons 13265:Counseling topics 13228:Ronald C. Kessler 13218:Shelley E. Taylor 13143:Lawrence Kohlberg 13118:Stanley Schachter 12917:Consumer behavior 12799:Archival research 12567:Psycholinguistics 12451:Affective science 12361: 12360: 12246:Music and fashion 12241:Music and emotion 12143: 12142: 11411:Equatorial Guinea 10907:A-side and B-side 10812:Music archaeology 10787:Bachelor of Music 10635: 10634: 10569:Psychedelic music 10564:Progressive music 10484:Scottish Ceòl Mór 10299: 10298: 10048:Musical acoustics 9924:Sharawadji effect 9904:Musical semantics 9874:Music and emotion 9774:Auditory illusion 9673:Media related to 9656:978-0-19-856742-4 9641:978-0-19-514023-1 9626:978-0-19-537707-1 9606:978-0-262-70105-1 9584:978-0-262-62107-6 9549:Berlin: Springer. 9418:978-0-19-020683-3 9318:978-0-19-999082-5 9301:978-0-19-064015-6 9267:978-1-4128-5292-0 9228:978-1-4522-8303-6 9189: 9188: 9181: 9032:on 4 October 2016 8964:on 15 August 2017 8647:"UCD; Janata Lab" 7353:978-1-912656-62-2 7141:978-0-452-28852-2 6895:978-1-911108-04-7 6694:10.1002/mar.20074 5995:Language Learning 5882:Musicae Scientiae 5389:Musicae Scientiae 5373:978-0-393-04535-2 5323:Musicae Scientiae 5285:978-0-262-28569-8 5226:978-0-262-28569-8 5185:10.2190/ET.38.2.i 5117:978-0-313-30632-7 5020:10.1038/srep05866 4543:J. Cogn. Neurosci 4231:978-3-540-57394-4 4168:978-0-19-929845-7 4065:(5211): 621–622. 3985:(30): 6810–6815. 3610:10.1111/ejn.14650 3499:978-1-4522-8303-6 3474:978-0-12-381460-9 3427:978-0-19-960496-8 3394:978-0-19-929845-7 3330:978-0-19-929845-7 3305:978-0-19-929845-7 3256:978-1-56159-263-0 3205:978-0-19-537707-1 3180:978-1-84169-868-7 3141:Music and emotion 2859:Durham University 2712:Kyushu University 2697:Bicocca ERP Lab, 2565:Aarhus University 2539:McGill University 2487:McGill University 2397: 2396: 2212:Musicae Scientiae 2072:Physical benefits 1992:audio engineering 1968:group performance 1905:Music performance 1714:conscientiousness 1675:social influences 1617: 1616: 1492:cognitive science 1486:and has roots in 1469:cognitive science 1393:Auditory illusion 1310:Processing rhythm 1237:cognitive process 1148:Music and emotion 1112:cognitive science 1086:, comprehension, 983:cognitive science 955:visual perception 630: 629: 527:Counseling topics 470:Consumer behavior 213:Psycholinguistics 97:Affective science 16:(Redirected from 13386: 13374:Music psychology 13295:Research methods 13238:Richard Davidson 13233:Joseph E. LeDoux 13108:George A. Miller 13098:David McClelland 13093:Herbert A. Simon 12993:Edward Thorndike 12814:Content analysis 12599: 12572:Psychophysiology 12388: 12381: 12374: 12365: 12364: 12350: 12349: 12338: 12337: 12336: 12326:Music portal 12324: 12323: 12322: 12278:Music technology 12266:Environmentalism 12219:Related articles 11826:Papua New Guinea 11691:Marshall Islands 11138: 11137: 11084:Central American 10822:Music psychology 10707:Backing vocalist 10544:Electronic music 10387: 10386: 10341:History of music 10326: 10319: 10312: 10303: 10302: 10248:Music Perception 10191:Richard Parncutt 10176:Leonard B. Meyer 10126:Jane W. Davidson 10111:Jamshed Bharucha 9889:Music preference 9784:Background music 9779:Auditory imagery 9712:Music psychology 9705: 9698: 9691: 9682: 9681: 9675:Music psychology 9672: 9496:Music Cognition. 9435:Advanced reading 9430: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9371: 9365:. 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6838: 6836:musicatwork.net 6830: 6829: 6825: 6794: 6790: 6781: 6779: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6735: 6728: 6705: 6701: 6678: 6674: 6643: 6636: 6605: 6598: 6567: 6560: 6537: 6530: 6515:10.2307/3151772 6499: 6492: 6469: 6462: 6407: 6403: 6352: 6348: 6301: 6294: 6255: 6251: 6211: 6205: 6201: 6170: 6166: 6131: 6127: 6096: 6092: 6061: 6057: 6026: 6022: 5991: 5987: 5956: 5952: 5913: 5909: 5878: 5874: 5842: 5838: 5807: 5803: 5763: 5757: 5753: 5730: 5726: 5677:(6): e0269597. 5663: 5659: 5610:(1): e0244964. 5596: 5592: 5569: 5565: 5526: 5522: 5477: 5473: 5449:10.1038/416012a 5434:(6876): 12–14. 5420: 5416: 5385: 5381: 5374: 5354: 5350: 5318: 5314: 5306:Steven Mithen, 5305: 5301: 5286: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5227: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5169: 5165: 5156: 5152: 5129: 5125: 5118: 5100: 5096: 5057: 5053: 4992: 4988: 4937: 4933: 4878: 4874: 4823: 4819: 4788: 4781: 4742: 4738: 4707: 4703: 4664: 4660: 4651: 4649: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4592: 4588: 4556:10.1.1.119.5718 4539: 4535: 4488: 4484: 4445: 4441: 4402: 4398: 4367: 4363: 4324: 4320: 4281: 4277: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4218: 4211: 4180: 4176: 4169: 4155: 4151: 4106: 4102: 4055: 4051: 4020: 4016: 3971: 3967: 3936: 3932: 3916: 3915: 3879: 3875: 3822: 3818: 3773: 3762: 3739:10.1038/nrn2152 3723: 3716: 3655: 3651: 3590: 3586: 3555: 3551: 3528:10.1038/nn.2726 3511: 3507: 3500: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3461: 3457: 3448: 3446: 3439: 3435: 3428: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3381: 3377: 3342: 3338: 3331: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3292: 3288: 3279: 3277: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3234: 3213: 3206: 3192: 3188: 3181: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3131:Psychoacoustics 3106: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3091: 2607:Centre Pompidou 2393: 2387: 2384: 2368: 2362: 2331: 2197: 2184:among musicians 2178:among musicians 2143: 2141:Music and sleep 2133: 2111: 2074: 2054: 2029: 2005: 2003:Health benefits 2000: 1913: 1907: 1879: 1833:music education 1817: 1815:Music education 1811: 1809:Music education 1794: 1788: 1771: 1765: 1728: 1722: 1690: 1684: 1626: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1597:needs expansion 1582: 1562:music cognition 1550: 1548:Ethnomusicology 1544: 1538: 1514:origin of music 1510: 1504: 1471:concerned with 1465: 1459: 1441:and how humans 1431:music cognition 1395: 1389:Hearing (sense) 1385: 1383:Psychoacoustics 1379: 1377:Psychoacoustics 1370: 1361: 1348: 1312: 1299: 1293: 1278:pitch constancy 1250: 1209: 1203: 1201:Neuropsychology 1189:release in the 1150: 1144: 1100:psychoacoustics 1080: 1075: 1063:classical music 1019:popular science 1015:ethnomusicology 995:music education 979: 903: 859:harmonic series 776: 771: 712:social behavior 626: 588: 586: 579: 578: 577: 576: 552:Psychotherapies 520: 510: 509: 430: 422: 421: 420: 419: 250: 240: 239: 238: 237: 198:Neuropsychology 80: 28: 23: 22: 18:Music cognition 15: 12: 11: 5: 13392: 13382: 13381: 13376: 13359: 13358: 13356: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13319: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13261: 13259: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13248:Roy Baumeister 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13183:Michael Posner 13180: 13175: 13170: 13168:Elliot Aronson 13165: 13163:Walter Mischel 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13128:Albert Bandura 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13103:Leon Festinger 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13073:Neal E. Miller 13070: 13068:Abraham Maslow 13065: 13060: 13055: 13053:Ernest Hilgard 13050: 13048:Donald O. Hebb 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13028:J. P. Guilford 13025: 13023:Gordon Allport 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13003:John B. Watson 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12968: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12955: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12878: 12877: 12876: 12874: 12870: 12869: 12867: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12794:Animal testing 12790: 12788: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12612: 12610: 12602: 12601: 12594: 12592: 12590: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12497:Cross-cultural 12494: 12489: 12488: 12487: 12477: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12437: 12435: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12402: 12399: 12398: 12391: 12390: 12383: 12376: 12368: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12355: 12343: 12329: 12314: 12311: 12310: 12308: 12307: 12305:Women in music 12302: 12301: 12300: 12295: 12293:Classification 12285: 12280: 12275: 12273:Music festival 12270: 12269: 12268: 12263: 12253: 12251:Music industry 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12222: 12220: 12216: 12215: 12213: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12151: 12149: 12145: 12144: 12141: 12140: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12121:Western Sahara 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12081:United Kingdom 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11361:Czech Republic 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11145: 11144: 11135: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11105: 11104: 11103: 11096:North American 11093: 11092: 11091: 11089:South American 11086: 11079:Latin American 11076: 11075: 11074: 11069: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11045:Middle Eastern 11042: 11037: 11027: 11026: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 10994: 10992: 10985: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10936:Audio engineer 10933: 10932: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10911: 10910: 10909: 10898: 10896: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10888: 10887: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10869:New musicology 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10783: 10781: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10729: 10724: 10718: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10711: 10710: 10709: 10704: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10678: 10677: 10675:Rhythm section 10672: 10667: 10656: 10654: 10652: 10651: 10646: 10640: 10637: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10588: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10520: 10518: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10395: 10393: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10377: 10376: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10345: 10343: 10337: 10336: 10329: 10328: 10321: 10314: 10306: 10297: 10296: 10294: 10293: 10286: 10279: 10272: 10265: 10258: 10251: 10243: 10241: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10171:Daniel Levitin 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10146:Henkjan Honing 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10107: 10105: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10009: 10007: 10006:Related fields 10003: 10002: 10000: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9963: 9961: 9955: 9954: 9952: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9919:Relative pitch 9916: 9911: 9909:Musical syntax 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9849:Levitin effect 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9769:Absolute pitch 9765: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9722: 9720: 9716: 9715: 9708: 9707: 9700: 9693: 9685: 9679: 9678: 9664: 9663:External links 9661: 9660: 9659: 9644: 9629: 9609: 9594: 9587: 9572: 9557: 9550: 9538: 9529: 9514: 9507: 9492: 9479:(Ed.) (2013). 9474: 9461:(Ed.) (1999). 9456: 9443:(Ed.) (1982). 9436: 9433: 9432: 9431: 9417: 9399: 9392: 9381: 9339:(2–3): 85–88. 9321: 9304: 9287: 9273:Levitin, D. J. 9270: 9259: 9244: 9235: 9232: 9231: 9230: 9216: 9202: 9193: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9169:September 2022 9148: 9146: 9139: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9127: 9106: 9085: 9064: 9043: 9017: 8996: 8975: 8949: 8928: 8907: 8886: 8865: 8844: 8818: 8797: 8771: 8750: 8727: 8706: 8685: 8659: 8638: 8617: 8596: 8575: 8549: 8528: 8507: 8486: 8465: 8444: 8423: 8402: 8376: 8355: 8334: 8313: 8292: 8266: 8245: 8224: 8203: 8182: 8156: 8130: 8088: 8077:on 22 May 2016 8062: 8048: 8022: 8001: 7980: 7959: 7933: 7907: 7886: 7865: 7844: 7823: 7802: 7781: 7760: 7739: 7713: 7692: 7666: 7640: 7619: 7598: 7577: 7556: 7530: 7504: 7478: 7457: 7436: 7414: 7389: 7367: 7352: 7324: 7284: 7242: 7211: 7189: 7170:(4): 405–421. 7147: 7140: 7119: 7071: 7052: 7027: 7000:(6): 623–635. 6981: 6955:J Appl Physiol 6944: 6917:(4): 248–256. 6901: 6894: 6872: 6847: 6823: 6804:(2): 173–191. 6788: 6764: 6726: 6715:(2): 115–123. 6699: 6688:(7): 577–589. 6672: 6653:(4): 549–568. 6634: 6615:(4): 465–480. 6596: 6577:(2): 139–153. 6558: 6547:(4): 505–520. 6528: 6490: 6479:(8): 659–675. 6460: 6401: 6346: 6292: 6249: 6222:(4): 265–269. 6199: 6164: 6145:(2): 173–183. 6125: 6106:(3): 517–537. 6090: 6071:(4): 277–289. 6055: 6036:(1): 107–117. 6020: 6001:(3): 463–506. 5985: 5966:(4): 424–448. 5950: 5923:(3): 390–403. 5907: 5888:(2): 159–173. 5872: 5853:(3): 285–300. 5836: 5817:(4): 289–301. 5801: 5751: 5740:(3): 213–223. 5724: 5657: 5590: 5579:(4): 337–349. 5563: 5536:(1): 286–292. 5520: 5491:(4): 513–524. 5471: 5414: 5395:(2): 185–199. 5379: 5372: 5348: 5312: 5299: 5284: 5266: 5240: 5225: 5207: 5198: 5179:(2): 181–211. 5163: 5150: 5139:(3): 247–281. 5123: 5116: 5094: 5067:(4): 901–908. 5051: 4986: 4931: 4872: 4837:(3): 538–549. 4817: 4798:(3): 219–228. 4779: 4736: 4701: 4674:(4): 417–425. 4658: 4633: 4612:10.2307/764006 4606:(4): 529–545. 4586: 4549:(5): 893–906. 4533: 4482: 4461:10.1038/nn1081 4455:(7): 682–687. 4439: 4412:(7): 703–708. 4396: 4361: 4334:(3): 315–331. 4318: 4291:(4): 313–319. 4275: 4256:(4): 465–502. 4237: 4230: 4209: 4190:(1): 159–179. 4174: 4167: 4149: 4120:(1): 112–119. 4100: 4049: 4014: 3965: 3930: 3889:(2): 566–572. 3873: 3816: 3760: 3714: 3649: 3584: 3565:(2): 137–145. 3549: 3522:(2): 257–262. 3505: 3498: 3480: 3473: 3455: 3433: 3426: 3400: 3393: 3375: 3356:(3): 716–729. 3336: 3329: 3311: 3304: 3286: 3262: 3255: 3211: 3204: 3186: 3179: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2930: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2883: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2833:United Kingdom 2830: 2829: 2823: 2810: 2809: 2796: 2795: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2762: 2761: 2755: 2742: 2741: 2728: 2727: 2715: 2714: 2702: 2701: 2688: 2687: 2675: 2674: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2610: 2609: 2600: 2595: 2582: 2581: 2568: 2567: 2554: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2476: 2475: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2436: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2374: 2372: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2318: 2311: 2306: 2299: 2292: 2285: 2278: 2271: 2264: 2257: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2229: 2222: 2215: 2208: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2165: 2158: 2155: 2150: 2132: 2131:Other concepts 2129: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2080:Improves sleep 2078: 2073: 2070: 2053: 2052:Effect on body 2050: 2028: 2025: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1970: 1956: 1950: 1940: 1934: 1924: 1923:of performance 1906: 1903: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1841: 1835: 1813:Main article: 1810: 1807: 1790:Main article: 1787: 1784: 1767:Main article: 1764: 1761: 1753:working memory 1724:Main article: 1721: 1718: 1686:Main article: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1656: 1633: 1625: 1622: 1615: 1614: 1594: 1592: 1581: 1578: 1574:musical memory 1540:Main article: 1537: 1534: 1522:Charles Darwin 1506:Main article: 1503: 1500: 1461:Main article: 1458: 1455: 1443:localize sound 1381:Main article: 1378: 1375: 1369: 1366: 1360: 1357: 1347: 1344: 1311: 1308: 1297:Absolute pitch 1295:Main article: 1292: 1291:Absolute pitch 1289: 1249: 1246: 1205:Main article: 1202: 1199: 1146:Main article: 1143: 1140: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1073:Research areas 1071: 1023:Daniel Levitin 978: 975: 939:absolute pitch 902: 899: 775: 772: 770: 767: 763:musical syntax 757:. Research in 628: 627: 625: 624: 617: 610: 602: 599: 598: 597: 596: 581: 580: 575: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 523: 522: 521: 516: 515: 512: 511: 508: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 431: 428: 427: 424: 423: 418: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 253: 252: 251: 246: 245: 242: 241: 236: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 143:Cross-cultural 140: 135: 134: 133: 123: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 83: 82: 81: 76: 75: 72: 71: 70: 69: 64: 59: 51: 50: 42: 41: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13391: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13371: 13369: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13317: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13285:Psychologists 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13275:Organizations 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13262: 13260: 13258: 13254: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13223:John Anderson 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13153:Ulric Neisser 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13138:Endel Tulving 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13123:Robert Zajonc 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13078:Jerome Bruner 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13043:B. F. Skinner 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13008:Clark L. Hull 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12988:Sigmund Freud 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12978:William James 12976: 12974: 12973:Wilhelm Wundt 12971: 12969: 12966: 12965:Psychologists 12961: 12953: 12952:Psychometrics 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12912:Consciousness 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12879: 12875: 12871: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12844:Psychophysics 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12791: 12789: 12787: 12786:Methodologies 12783: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12746:Psychotherapy 12744: 12742: 12741:Psychometrics 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12609: 12603: 12598: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12507:Developmental 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12486: 12483: 12482: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12438: 12436: 12434: 12428: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12403: 12400: 12396: 12389: 12384: 12382: 12377: 12375: 12370: 12369: 12366: 12354: 12353: 12344: 12342: 12341: 12330: 12328: 12327: 12316: 12315: 12312: 12306: 12303: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12290: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12283:Music therapy 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12258: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12223: 12221: 12217: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12152: 12150: 12146: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12086:United States 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11646:Liechtenstein 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11501:Guinea-Bissau 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11146: 11139: 11136: 11132: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11110: 11109: 11106: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11094: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11081: 11080: 11077: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11063: 11060: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11032: 11031: 11028: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 11000: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10987:Cultural and 10983: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10915: 10914:Extended play 10912: 10908: 10905: 10904: 10903: 10900: 10899: 10897: 10893: 10885: 10884:Zoomusicology 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10859:Ecomusicology 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10844:Biomusicology 10842: 10841: 10840: 10837: 10833: 10830: 10829: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10817:Music history 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10775: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10753:Improvisation 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10719: 10716: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10702:Lead vocalist 10700: 10699: 10698: 10697:Military band 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10662: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10641: 10638: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10585: 10581: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10549:Hip hop music 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10539:Country music 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10519: 10517: 10511: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10469:Ottoman music 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10392: 10388: 10382: 10379: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10327: 10322: 10320: 10315: 10313: 10308: 10307: 10304: 10292: 10291: 10287: 10285: 10284: 10280: 10278: 10277: 10273: 10271: 10270: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10259: 10257: 10256: 10252: 10250: 10249: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10231:Sandra Trehub 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10211:Roger Shepard 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10201:Carl Seashore 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10186:James Mursell 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10141:Tuomas Eerola 10139: 10137: 10136:Diana Deutsch 10134: 10132: 10131:Irène Deliège 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10100: 10094: 10093:Zoomusicology 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10043:Music therapy 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10004: 9998: 9997:Tone deafness 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9977:Beat deafness 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9956: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9869:Mozart effect 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9758: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9726:Biomusicology 9724: 9723: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9706: 9701: 9699: 9694: 9692: 9687: 9686: 9683: 9676: 9671: 9667: 9666: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9645: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9618: 9613: 9610: 9607: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9592: 9588: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9570: 9569:0-19-852128-6 9566: 9562: 9558: 9555: 9551: 9548: 9547: 9542: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9530: 9527: 9526:0-19-514836-3 9523: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9508: 9505: 9504:0-12-221430-7 9501: 9497: 9493: 9490: 9489:0-12-381460-X 9486: 9482: 9478: 9475: 9472: 9471:0-12-213565-2 9468: 9464: 9460: 9457: 9454: 9453:0-12-213562-8 9450: 9446: 9442: 9439: 9438: 9428: 9424: 9420: 9414: 9410: 9409: 9404: 9400: 9397: 9393: 9390: 9389:0-262-69237-6 9386: 9382: 9372:on 2020-06-26 9368: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9327: 9322: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9310: 9305: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9286: 9285:0-525-94969-0 9282: 9278: 9274: 9271: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9257: 9256:0-688-14236-2 9253: 9249: 9245: 9242: 9238: 9237: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9200: 9196: 9195: 9183: 9180: 9172: 9162: 9161:editing guide 9156: 9152: 9147: 9138: 9137: 9116: 9110: 9095: 9089: 9074: 9068: 9053: 9047: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9006: 9000: 8985: 8979: 8963: 8959: 8953: 8938: 8932: 8917: 8911: 8896: 8890: 8875: 8869: 8854: 8848: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8807: 8801: 8785: 8781: 8775: 8760: 8754: 8739:. UConn Today 8738: 8731: 8716: 8710: 8695: 8689: 8673: 8669: 8663: 8648: 8642: 8627: 8621: 8606: 8600: 8585: 8579: 8563: 8559: 8553: 8538: 8532: 8517: 8511: 8496: 8490: 8475: 8469: 8454: 8448: 8433: 8427: 8412: 8406: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8365: 8359: 8344: 8338: 8323: 8317: 8302: 8296: 8280: 8276: 8270: 8255: 8249: 8234: 8228: 8213: 8207: 8192: 8186: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8144: 8140: 8134: 8126: 8113: 8098: 8092: 8076: 8072: 8066: 8058: 8052: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8011: 8005: 7990: 7984: 7969: 7963: 7947: 7943: 7937: 7921: 7917: 7911: 7896: 7890: 7875: 7869: 7854: 7848: 7833: 7827: 7812: 7806: 7791: 7785: 7770: 7764: 7749: 7743: 7727: 7723: 7717: 7702: 7696: 7680: 7676: 7670: 7654: 7650: 7644: 7629: 7623: 7608: 7602: 7587: 7581: 7566: 7560: 7544: 7540: 7534: 7518: 7514: 7508: 7492: 7488: 7482: 7467: 7461: 7446: 7440: 7424: 7418: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7377: 7371: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7336: 7328: 7314: 7310: 7298: 7294: 7288: 7274: 7270: 7257: 7253: 7246: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7215: 7200: 7193: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7143: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7124: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7083: 7075: 7067: 7063: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7031: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6994: 6985: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6956: 6948: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6905: 6897: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6792: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6733: 6731: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6703: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6676: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6639: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6603: 6601: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6563: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6535: 6533: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6497: 6495: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6467: 6465: 6456: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6405: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6299: 6297: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6129: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6094: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6059: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6024: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5840: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5805: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5755: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5653: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5375: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5352: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5316: 5309: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5255:on 2012-04-02 5254: 5250: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5113: 5108: 5107: 5098: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4935: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4786: 4784: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4668:Exp Brain Res 4662: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4322: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4279: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4244: 4242: 4233: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4214: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4184:Psychol. Bull 4178: 4170: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4030:(2): 345–61. 4029: 4025: 4018: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3926: 3920: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3733:(7): 547–58. 3732: 3728: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3669:(3): 100933. 3668: 3664: 3660: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3501: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3476: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3444: 3437: 3429: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3290: 3276: 3272: 3266: 3258: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3207: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3182: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3161: 3152: 3151:Music therapy 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3098: 3088: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2933:United States 2928: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2828: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2803: 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1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1149: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:music therapy 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:Mozart effect 1056: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 990: 988: 984: 974: 970: 968: 964: 960: 959:Carl Seashore 956: 951: 947: 942: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Wilhelm Wundt 920: 919:structuralist 916: 907: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 766: 764: 760: 759:music history 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 623: 618: 616: 611: 609: 604: 603: 601: 600: 595: 585: 584: 583: 582: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 547:Psychologists 545: 543: 540: 538: 537:Organizations 535: 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Neurosci 3946:: 155–163. 3787:(1): 9–12. 2731:Netherlands 2509:SMART Lab, 2145:Including: 1986:competition 1966:aspects of 1955:experiences 1948:composition 1915:Including: 1869:optimizing 1838:development 1831:optimizing 1827:Including: 1803:distraction 1745:advertising 1710:neuroticism 1628:Including: 1566:preferences 1338:(dPMC) and 1244:interplay. 1228:(EEG), and 1183:performance 1136:linguistics 1096:performance 1054:Guitar Zero 1049:Gary Marcus 1031:(2006) and 950:behaviorism 931:Carl Stumpf 845:(father of 816:Renaissance 812:Middle Ages 808:Aristoxenus 792:consonances 700:performance 676:composition 672:performance 664:observation 532:Disciplines 405:Suicidology 302:Educational 257:Anomalistic 233:Theoretical 208:Personality 138:Comparative 121:Cognitivism 112:Behaviorism 13379:Musicology 13368:Categories 13333:Wikisource 13178:Paul Ekman 13013:Kurt Lewin 12907:Competence 12829:Interviews 12809:Case study 12686:Humanistic 12666:Ergonomics 12651:Counseling 12626:Assessment 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