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with neural recordings/manipulations. Analyses can be conducted on how keypoints (i.e. parts of the animal) move within different phases of a particular behavior (on a short timescale), or throughout an animal's behavioral repertoire (longer timescale). These keypoint changes can be compared with corresponding changes in neural activity. A machine learning approach can also be used to identify specific behaviors (e.g. forward walking, turning, grooming, courtship, etc.), and quantify the dynamics of transitions between behaviors.
675:
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1586:– A method whereby an electrode is introduced into the brain of a living animal to detect electrical activity that is generated by the neurons adjacent to the electrode tip. Normally this is performed with sedated animals but sometimes it is performed on awake animals engaged in a behavioral event, such as a thirsty rat whisking a particular sandpaper grade previously paired with water in order to measure the corresponding patterns of neuronal firing at the decision point.
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psychology to enhance their understanding of the functions and developments in nervous systems. Examples of methods include the modelling of neurons, networks and brain systems and theoretical analysis. Computational methods have a wide variety of roles including clarifying experiments, hypothesis testing and generating new insights. These techniques play an increasing role in the advancement of biological psychology.
1645:– MEG shows the functioning of the human brain through the measurement of electromagnetic activity. Measuring the magnetic fields created by the electric current flowing within the neurons identifies brain activity associated with various human functions in real time, with millimeter spatial accuracy. Clinicians can noninvasively obtain data to help them assess neurological disorders and plan surgical treatments.
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4353:
1624:, in which scalp electrodes monitor the average activity of neurons in the cortex (again, used most frequently with human subjects). This technique uses different types of electrodes for recording systems such as needle electrodes and saline-based electrodes. EEG allows for the investigation of mental disorders, sleep disorders and physiology. It can monitor brain development and cognitive engagement.
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analyzes behavior and all the subjects it is concerned about, from a scientific point of view. In this context, psychology helps as a complementary, but important discipline in the neurobiological sciences. The role of psychology in this questions is that of a social tool that backs up the main or strongest biological science. The term "psychobiology" was first used in its modern sense by
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1561:(VSDs) were among the earliest method for optically detecting neuronal activity. VSDs commonly changed their fluorescent properties in response to a voltage change across the neuron's membrane, rendering membrane sub-threshold and supra-threshold (action potentials) electrical activity detectable. Genetically encoded voltage sensitive fluorescent proteins have also been developed.
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1367:– A classic method in which a brain-region of interest is naturally or intentionally destroyed to observe any resulting changes such as degraded or enhanced performance on some behavioral measure. Lesions can be placed with relatively high accuracy "Thanks to a variety of brain 'atlases' which provide a map of brain regions in 3-dimensional"
1703:
1614:- PET detects particles called photons using a 3-D nuclear medicine examination. These particles are emitted by injections of radioisotopes such as fluorine. PET imaging reveal the pathological processes which predict anatomic changes making it important for detecting, diagnosing and characterising many pathologies.
1870:, a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental illness characterized by impairments in the perception or expression of reality, most commonly manifesting as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions or disorganized speech and thinking in the context of significant social or occupational dysfunction.
1604:
1744:
post-surgery is to some degree a result of damage to surrounding neural tissue, rather than by a lesion of a distinct brain region. Most genetic manipulation techniques are also considered permanent. Temporary lesions can be achieved with advanced in genetic manipulations, for example, certain genes
1739:
Different manipulations have advantages and limitations. Neural tissue destroyed as a primary consequence of a surgery, electric shock or neurotoxin can confound the results so that the physical trauma masks changes in the fundamental neurophysiological processes of interest. For example, when using
1720:
techniques in recent years have allowed for precise quantifications of animal movements without needing to fit physical markers onto the subject. On high-speed video captured in a behavioral assay, keypoints from the subject can be extracted frame-by-frame, which is often useful to analyze in tandem
1281:
was able to develop a map of the cerebral cortex through studying epileptic patients along with
Rassmussen. Research on localization of function has led behavioral neuroscientists to a better understanding of which parts of the brain control behavior. This is best exemplified through the case study
1310:
In many cases, humans may serve as experimental subjects in behavioral neuroscience experiments; however, a great deal of the experimental literature in behavioral neuroscience comes from the study of non-human species, most frequently rats, mice, and monkeys. As a result, a critical assumption in
1264:
are two of several philosophers who participated in this debate. Plato believed that the brain was where all mental thought and processes happened. In contrast, Aristotle believed the brain served the purpose of cooling down the emotions derived from the heart. The mind-body problem was a stepping
1289:
The term "psychobiology" has been used in a variety of contexts, emphasizing the importance of biology, which is the discipline that studies organic, neural and cellular modifications in behavior, plasticity in neuroscience, and biological diseases in all aspects, in addition, biology focuses and
1730:
Computational models - Using a computer to formulate real-world problems to develop solutions. Although this method is often focused in computer science, it has begun to move towards other areas of study. For example, psychology is one of these areas. Computational models allow researchers in
1459:
inhibition – A light activated inhibitory protein is expressed in cells of interest. Powerful millisecond timescale neuronal inhibition is instigated upon stimulation by the appropriate frequency of light delivered via fiber optics or implanted LEDs in the case of vertebrates, or via external
1802:
However, with increasing technical sophistication and with the development of more precise noninvasive methods that can be applied to human subjects, behavioral neuroscientists are beginning to contribute to other classical topic areas of psychology, philosophy, and linguistics, such as:
1858:, a neurodegenerative disease that, in its most common form, is found in people over the age of 65 and is characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, together with declining activities of daily living and by neuropsychiatric symptoms or behavioral changes.
3397:
Goodwin, Nastacia L.; Choong, Jia J.; Hwang, Sophia; Pitts, Kayla; Bloom, Liana; Islam, Aasiya; Zhang, Yizhe Y.; Szelenyi, Eric R.; Tong, Xiaoyu; Newman, Emily L.; Miczek, Klaus; Wright, Hayden R.; McLaughlin, Ryan J.; Norville, Zane C.; Eshel, Neir (2024-05-22).
1243:
Even before the 18th and 19th centuries, behavioral neuroscience was beginning to take form as far back as 1700 B.C. The question that seems to continually arise is: what is the connection between the mind and body? The debate is formally referred to as the
1331:, which relies heavily on the study of the behavior of humans with nervous system dysfunction (i.e., a non-experimentally based biological manipulation). Synonyms for behavioral neuroscience include biopsychology, biological psychology, and psychobiology.
2493:
Zhang, Feng; Wang, Li-Ping; Brauner, Martin; Liewald, Jana F.; Kay, Kenneth; Watzke, Natalie; Wood, Phillip G.; Bamberg, Ernst; Nagel, Georg; Gottschalk, Alexander; Deisseroth, Karl (2007). "Multimodal fast optical interrogation of neural circuitry".
1690:
can be engineered to lack a particular gene, or a gene may be expressed in a strain which does not normally do so (the 'transgenic'). Advanced techniques may also permit the expression or suppression of a gene to occur by injection of some regulating
1544:-2 (ChR2), a light activated cation channel, was the first bacterial opsin shown to excite neurons in response to light, though a number of new excitatory optogenetic tools have now been generated by improving and imparting novel properties to ChR2.
3441:
Weinreb, Caleb; Pearl, Jonah; Lin, Sherry; Osman, Mohammed Abdal Monium; Zhang, Libby; Annapragada, Sidharth; Conlin, Eli; Hoffman, Red; Makowska, Sofia (2023-03-17), "Keypoint-MoSeq: parsing behavior by linking point tracking to pose dynamics",
1302:. In the announcement of that journal, Dunlap writes that the journal will publish research "...bearing on the interconnection of mental and physiological functions", which describes the field of behavioral neuroscience even in its modern sense.
1554:
Optical techniques – Optical methods for recording neuronal activity rely on methods that modify the optical properties of neurons in response to the cellular events associated with action potentials or neurotransmitter release.
1753:
In general, behavioral neuroscientists study similar themes and issues as academic psychologists, though limited by the need to use nonhuman animals. As a result, the bulk of literature in behavioral neuroscience deals with
1577:
that combines a synaptic vesicle membrane protein and a pH sensitive fluorescent protein. Upon synaptic vesicle release, the chimeric protein is exposed to the higher pH of the synaptic cleft, causing a measurable change in
1423:– A new technique usually used with human subjects in which a magnetic coil applied to the scalp causes unsystematic electrical activity in nearby cortical neurons which can be experimentally analyzed as a functional lesion.
1745:
can now be switched on and off with diet. Pharmacological manipulations also allow blocking of certain neurotransmitters temporarily as the function returns to its previous state after the drug has been metabolized.
1276:
which played a significant role in the development in behavioral neuroscience. As a result of localization of function research, many famous people found within psychology have come to various different conclusions.
3654:
1882:, a physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. These components combine to create the feelings that are typically recognized as fear, apprehension, or worry.
1607:
PET brain scans can show chemical differences in the brain between addicts and non-addicts. The normal images in the bottom row come from non-addicts while people with addictions have scans that look more
1503:. Antagonists can be delivered systemically (such as by intravenous injection) or locally (intracerebrally) during a surgical procedure into the ventricles or into specific brain structures. For example,
1852:, a rare inherited neurological disorder whose most obvious symptoms are abnormal body movements and a lack of coordination. It also affects a number of mental abilities and some aspects of personality.
2603:
Kim, Jeansok J.; Decola, Joseph P.; Landeira-Fernandez, Jesus; Fanselow, Michael S. (1991). "N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist APV blocks acquisition but not expression of fear conditioning".
1524:-DREADDs can be used to modulate cellular function by innervation of brain regions such as Hippocampus. This innervation results in the amplification of Îł-rhythms, which increases motor activity.
3652:
1311:
behavioral neuroscience is that organisms share biological and behavioral similarities, enough to permit extrapolations across species. This allies behavioral neuroscience closely with
1876:, a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication, and causes restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old.
2871:
O'Donovan, Michael J.; Ho, Stephen; Sholomenko, Gerald; Yee, Wayne (1993). "Real-time imaging of neurons retrogradely and anterogradely labelled with calcium-sensitive dyes".
1228:. Physiologists conducted experiments on living organisms, a practice that was distrusted by the dominant anatomists of the 18th and 19th centuries. The influential work of
3653:
1429:– A receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand (RASSL) or Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD), permits spatial and temporal control of
1740:
an electrolytic probe to create a purposeful lesion in a distinct region of the rat brain, surrounding tissue can be affected: so, a change in behavior exhibited by the
1489:
Electrical stimulation – A classic method in which neural activity is enhanced by application of a small electric current (too small to cause significant cell death).
1355:
of the organism under study is permanently or temporarily altered, or some aspect of the nervous system is measured (usually to be related to a behavioral variable).
2730:
Gradinaru, Viviana; Zhang, Feng; Ramakrishnan, Charu; Mattis, Joanna; Prakash, Rohit; Diester, Ilka; Goshen, Inbal; Thompson, Kimberly R.; Deisseroth, Karl (2010).
1864:, a common psychiatric disorder, characterized by a persistent lowering of mood, loss of interest in usual activities and diminished ability to experience pleasure.
1178:, a midline unpaired structure in the brain of many organisms, was the point of contact between mind and body. Descartes also elaborated on a theory in which the
2955:
Miesenböck, Gero; De
Angelis, Dino A.; Rothman, James E. (1998). "Visualizing secretion and synaptic transmission with pH-sensitive green fluorescent proteins".
1827:
Behavioral neuroscience has also had a strong history of contributing to the understanding of medical disorders, including those that fall under the purview of
3093:
Karashchuk, Pierre; Rupp, Katie L.; Dickinson, Evyn S.; Walling-Bell, Sarah; Sanders, Elischa; Azim, Eiman; Brunton, Bingni W.; Tuthill, John C. (2021-09-28).
1453:
tool. These synthetic ligands upon activation can decrease neural function by G-protein activation. This can with
Potassium attenuating neural activity.
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6116:
3150:
Mathis, Alexander; Mamidanna, Pranav; Cury, Kevin M.; Abe, Taiga; Murthy, Venkatesh N.; Mathis, Mackenzie
Weygandt; Bethge, Matthias (September 2018).
28:
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Behavioral neuroscience as a scientific discipline emerged from a variety of scientific and philosophical traditions in the 18th and 19th centuries.
1118:
2544:
Chow, B. Y. et al. "High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by light-driven proton pumps." Nature. Vol 463. 7 January 2010
1639:
prior to some behavioral task can be followed by anatomical localization of that chemical; it is taken up by neurons that are electrically active.
1567:
relies on dyes or genetically encoded proteins that fluoresce upon binding to the calcium that is transiently present during an action potential.
1426:
1599:
apparatus and are taken to indicate relative activity of larger scale brain regions (i.e., on the order of hundreds of thousands of neurons).
4261:
1910:
winners could reasonably be considered behavioral neuroscientists or neurobiologists. (This list omits winners who were almost exclusively
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derived from one strain on the background genome of another strain to allow stronger inferences about the role of that stretch of DNA.
6960:
5389:
2687:
Zhang, Feng; Wang, Li-Ping; Boyden, Edward S.; Deisseroth, Karl (2006). "Channelrhodopsin-2 and optical control of excitable cells".
1016:
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are the two classes of proteins used for inhibitory optogenetics, achieving inhibition by increasing cytoplasmic levels of halides (
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4696:
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and Neil V. Watson (2007). Biological
Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience 6e. Sinauer Associates.
1839:
do not exist for all mental illnesses, the field has contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions, including:
1589:
Multielectrode recording – The use of a bundle of fine electrodes to record the simultaneous activity of up to hundreds of neurons.
1517:
of excitatory synaptic transmission (in rodent fear conditioning) which is believed to be a vital mechanism in learning and memory.
1220:
The emergence of psychology and behavioral neuroscience as legitimate sciences can be traced from the emergence of physiology from
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3236:
Marshall, Jesse D.; Aldarondo, Diego E.; Dunn, Timothy W.; Wang, William L.; Berman, Gordon J.; Ă–lveczky, Bence P. (2021-02-03).
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587:
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2215:
1595:– fMRI, a technique most frequently applied on human subjects, in which changes in cerebral blood flow can be detected in an
1592:
1111:
2779:
Ebner, Timothy J.; Chen, Gang (1995). "Use of voltage-sensitive dyes and optical recordings in the central nervous system".
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The part of the picture emphasized shows the lesion in the brain. This type of lesion can be removed through surgery.
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Abel, Ted; Lattal, K.Matthew (2001). "Molecular mechanisms of memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval".
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2916:"Genetically Encoded Indicators of Cellular Calcium Dynamics Based on Troponin C and Green Fluorescent Protein"
2458:
Schneider, M. Bret; Gradinaru, Viviana; Zhang, Feng; Deisseroth, Karl (2008). "Controlling
Neuronal Activity".
2389:
2203:
1631:. The expression of some anatomical marker is taken to reflect neural activity. For example, the expression of
943:
562:
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5331:
3400:"Simple Behavioral Analysis (SimBA) as a platform for explainable machine learning in behavioral neuroscience"
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Ocampo, T.; Knight, K.; Dunleavy, R.; Shah, S. N. (2015). "Techniques, benefits, and challenges of PET-MR".
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helped to convince the scientific community that reliable data could be obtained from living subjects.
108:
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Syeda, Atika; Zhong, Lin; Tung, Renee; Long, Will; Pachitariu, Marius; Stringer, Carsen (2022-11-04).
1534:), this technique can be analyzed as having a stimulatory effect (rather than as a functional lesion).
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1215:, argues that the scientific study of psychology should be grounded in an understanding of biology.
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1846:, a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills and speech.
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proposed physical models to explain animal as well as human behavior. Descartes suggested that the
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2240:
Thomas, R.K. (1993). "INTRODUCTION: A Biopsychology
Festschrift in Honor of Lelon J. Peacock".
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3352:"A-SOiD, an active-learning platform for expert-guided, data-efficient discovery of behavior"
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1947:
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The distinguishing characteristic of a behavioral neuroscience experiment is that either the
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lesions – Neural tissue is destroyed through the application of electrical shock trauma.
1248:. There are two major schools of thought that attempt to resolve the mind–body problem;
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Tillmann, Jens F.; Hsu, Alexander I.; Schwarz, Martin K.; Yttri, Eric A. (April 2024).
3327:
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3293:
Berman, Gordon J.; Choi, Daniel M.; Bialek, William; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2014-10-06).
3270:
3238:"Continuous Whole-Body 3D Kinematic Recordings across the Rodent Behavioral Repertoire"
3237:
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3127:
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von
Heimendahl, Moritz; Itskov, Pavel M.; Arabzadeh, Ehsan; Diamond, Mathew E. (2007).
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3605:
3152:"DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning"
3083:
Sanei, S., & Chambers, J. A. (2013). EEG signal processing. John Wiley & Sons.
2840:
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3542:"Stereotaxic Surgery for Excitotoxic Lesion of Specific Brain Areas in the Adult Rat"
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Churchland, P. S., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2016). The computational brain. MIT press.
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2640:"Grateful DREADDs: Engineered Receptors Reveal How Neural Circuits Regulate Behavior"
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1995:
1658:– The influence of a gene in some behavior can be statistically inferred by studying
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is a subfield of behavioral neuroscience, with an appropriately narrower definition.
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Kirby, Elizabeth D.; Jensen, Kelly; Goosens, Ki A.; Kaufer, Daniela (19 July 2012).
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and other motor behavior. This theory was inspired by moving statues in a garden in
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1327:. Behavioral neuroscience also has paradigmatic and methodological similarities to
1273:
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430:
385:
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1672:– Organisms, often mice, may be bred selectively among inbred strains to create a
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is thought to be caused by vigorous neural activity. Likewise, the injection of
1540:
excitation – A light activated excitatory protein is expressed in select cells.
1265:
stone toward attempting to understand the connection between the mind and body.
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3207:"Facemap: a framework for modeling neural activity based on orofacial tracking"
2747:
2732:"Molecular and Cellular Approaches for Diversifying and Extending Optogenetics"
2385:
2356:
2208:
Biological
Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience
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2007:
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2066:
2019:
1965:
1959:
1918:; i.e., those that did not measure behavioral or neurobiological variables.)
1867:
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was created from a revision of this article dated 18 December 2006
1407:
lesions – Neural tissue is temporarily disabled by cooling or by the use of
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2589:
2556:"ENpHR: A Natronomonas halorhodopsin enhanced for optogenetic applications"
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2013:
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3008:"Neuronal Activity in Rat Barrel Cortex Underlying Texture Discrimination"
2984:
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illumination for small, sufficiently translucent invertebrates. Bacterial
1449:(CNO), and not to their natural ligand(s). RASSL's represent a GPCR-based
7276:
7188:
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6755:
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4160:
4007:
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2046:
1953:
1907:
1676:. This might be done to isolate an experimentally interesting stretch of
1537:
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1305:
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1941:
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1628:
1507:
1479:) or decreasing the cytoplasmic concentration of protons, respectively.
1398:
1202:
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853:
808:
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and behaviors that are shared across different animal models such as:
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2554:
Gradinaru, Viviana; Thompson, Kimberly R.; Deisseroth, Karl (2008).
77:
7337:
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6802:
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4887:
4175:
3702:
Theory of
Biological Psychology (Documents No. 9 and 10 in English)
3092:
2602:
1807:
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of many species, most notably mice, has facilitated this technique.
1316:
1155:
813:
793:
711:
510:
505:
465:
6034:
5367:
2976:
1686:– The genome may also be experimentally-manipulated; for example,
1662:
of some species, most commonly mice. The recent sequencing of the
7238:
5516:
3553:
2457:
2095:
1879:
1796:
1442:
1441:) engineered to respond exclusively to synthetic small molecules
1434:
1364:
1298:. Dunlap also was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journal
1221:
1147:
823:
763:
3295:"Mapping the stereotyped behaviour of freely moving fruit flies"
2729:
4602:
3711:
1873:
1782:
1663:
1385:
lesions – Neural tissue is destroyed by removing it surgically.
1249:
1183:
798:
19:"Biological psychology" redirects here. For the journals, see
4369:
3505:"How computational models can help unlock biological systems"
3095:"Anipose: A toolkit for robust markerless 3D pose estimation"
1787:
1257:
1187:
755:
3481:
Otago, U. o., n/d. Computational Modelling. Available at:
2870:
4945:
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2553:
1504:
1438:
1193:
525:
3898:
1397:
lesions – Neural tissue is destroyed by the infusion of a
1358:
5558:
3235:
2824:"A Genetically Encoded Optical Probe of Membrane Voltage"
2686:
1677:
1596:
1510:
3539:
3292:
3056:
1627:
Functional neuroanatomy – A more complex counterpart of
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3396:
3349:
2492:
1268:
Another debate arose about localization of function or
3149:
1306:
Relationship to other fields of psychology and biology
1437:. These systems utilize G protein-coupled receptors (
3578:
3440:
2379:
29:
Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
3204:
1205:. One of the earliest textbooks in the new field,
2270:(9th ed.). Allyn and Bacon. pp. 11–14.
7433:
3707:IBRO (International Brain Research Organization)
3483:http://www.otago.ac.nz/courses/otago032670.pdf
1835:(also known as abnormal psychology). Although
1710:) leg joints being tracked in 3D with Anipose.
6078:
5383:
4385:
3727:
2913:
2821:
1734:
1201:Other philosophers also helped give birth to
1112:
644:
4262:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
3509:Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
1548:
1513:has been shown to inhibit the initiation of
1499:induces neural activity by interfering with
1483:
6092:
2822:Siegel, Micah S.; Isacoff, Ehud Y. (1997).
6085:
6071:
5390:
5376:
4392:
4378:
3734:
3720:
3591:
2343:Dewsbury, Donald (1991). "Psychobiology".
2338:
2336:
1146:, is the application of the principles of
1119:
1105:
1002:Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
651:
637:
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2255:
1725:
1530:– In some cases (for example, studies of
1347:of the experiment is biological, or some
1162:of behavior in humans and other animals.
1017:Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery
7249:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
3680:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
3663:
3502:
3444:bioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology
2914:Heim, Nicola; Griesbeck, Oliver (2004).
2637:
2342:
2290:
1701:
1602:
1520:Synthetic Ligand Injection – Likewise, G
1372:
1192:
2333:
2284:
2265:
1695:
1620:– EEG, and the derivative technique of
1359:Disabling or decreasing neural function
7434:
3299:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
2309:
2252:
2239:
6741:Psychological effects of Internet use
6066:
5371:
4373:
3715:
2230:, Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary
1649:
1593:Functional magnetic resonance imaging
6021:
4352:
2221:
6721:Digital media use and mental health
5397:
2408:
1351:is biological. In other words, the
1338:
13:
6352:Automatic and controlled processes
3650:
2293:Foundations of the Neuron Doctrine
1296:An Outline of Psychobiology (1914)
14:
7463:
6761:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
4242:Development of the nervous system
3631:
3546:Journal of Visualized Experiments
2411:"Silencing synapses with DREADDs"
1528:Transcranial magnetic stimulation
1421:Transcranial magnetic stimulation
1037:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
737:Neuropsychological rehabilitation
21:Behavioral Neuroscience (journal)
7412:
7399:
7387:
7386:
6786:Mobile phones and driving safety
6044:
6033:
6020:
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6008:
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1573:is a technique that relies on a
1085:
1073:
1061:
673:
618:
76:
6689:Computer-mediated communication
5963:List of social science journals
3594:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
3533:
3496:
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3434:
3390:
3343:
3286:
3229:
3198:
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2948:
2920:Journal of Biological Chemistry
2907:
2873:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
2864:
2815:
2772:
2723:
2680:
2631:
2596:
2547:
2538:
2486:
2451:
1182:of bodily fluids could explain
25:Biological Psychology (journal)
6966:Empathising–systemising theory
6269:female intrasexual competition
6206:Evolutionarily stable strategy
5920:Science and technology studies
4399:
3209:. pp. 2022.11.03.515121.
2472:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030444
2460:American Journal of Psychiatry
2402:
2233:
2193:
1748:
1:
7326:Standard social science model
6379:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
4697:Industrial and organizational
4083:Social cognitive neuroscience
3606:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00194-x
2841:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80955-1
2242:Journal of General Psychology
2187:
1027:Rey–Osterrieth complex figure
1022:Mini–mental state examination
732:Neuropsychological assessment
361:Industrial and organizational
7174:Missing heritability problem
6766:Social aspects of television
6389:Evolution of nervous systems
6357:Computational theory of mind
4936:Human factors and ergonomics
4058:Molecular cellular cognition
3518:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.07.001
3254:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.016
3111:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109730
3025:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050305
2885:10.1016/0165-0270(93)90145-H
2793:10.1016/0301-0082(95)00010-S
2427:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.002
2291:Shepherd, Gordon M. (1991).
1612:Positron emission tomography
1208:The Principles of Psychology
992:Benton Visual Retention Test
516:Human factors and ergonomics
7:
7420:Evolutionary biology portal
4277:Neurodevelopmental disorder
4252:Neural network (biological)
4247:Neural network (artificial)
3697:Biological Psychology Links
3503:Brodland, G. Wayne (2015).
2617:10.1037/0735-7044.105.1.126
2295:. Oxford University Press.
2111:Developmental psychobiology
2073:
1674:recombinant congenic strain
1495:manipulations – A chemical
1047:Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
997:Continuous Performance Task
10:
7468:
7381:Evolutionary psychologists
7254:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
7169:Human–animal communication
6881:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
6731:Imprinted brain hypothesis
6699:Human–computer interaction
3804:Computational neuroscience
3412:10.1038/s41593-024-01649-9
3368:10.1038/s41592-024-02200-1
3065:(4): 393–412, quiz 413–6.
2748:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.037
2357:10.1037/0003-066x.46.3.198
2151:Outline of the human brain
1833:biological psychopathology
1735:Limitations and advantages
1714:Markerless pose estimation
1427:Synthetic ligand injection
1165:
33:
18:
7375:
7301:Environmental determinism
7272:Cultural selection theory
7264:
7159:Evolutionary epistemology
7146:
7073:evolutionary neuroscience
7035:
7028:
6926:
6801:
6746:Rank theory of depression
6669:
6593:
6495:
6301:
6294:
6248:Parent–offspring conflict
6157:
6100:
6004:
5971:
5955:
5702:
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5405:
5322:
5259:
4966:
4878:
4790:
4627:Applied behavior analysis
4610:
4599:
4435:
4407:
4335:
4272:Neurodegenerative disease
4229:
4116:Evolutionary neuroscience
4091:
4031:
3906:
3895:
3767:
3749:
3452:10.1101/2023.03.16.532307
3215:10.1101/2022.11.03.515121
3168:10.1038/s41593-018-0209-y
2572:10.1007/s11068-008-9027-6
2320:"History of Neuroscience"
2116:Epigenetics in psychology
1896:
1549:Measuring neural activity
1484:Enhancing neural function
1270:functional specialization
1007:Hayling and Brixton tests
702:Cognitive neuropsychology
291:Applied behavior analysis
7194:Cultural group selection
7078:Biocultural anthropology
6771:Societal impacts of cars
6704:Media naturalness theory
6394:Fight-or-flight response
4237:Brain–computer interface
4186:Neuromorphic engineering
4111:Educational neuroscience
4018:Nutritional neuroscience
3923:Clinical neurophysiology
3819:Integrative neuroscience
2781:Progress in Neurobiology
2638:Ferguson, Susan (2012).
2141:Outline of brain mapping
1763:Sensation and perception
1622:event-related potentials
1369:stereotactic coordinates
1333:Physiological psychology
1160:developmental mechanisms
697:Clinical neuropsychology
34:For related topics, see
7442:Behavioral neuroscience
7394:Evolutionary psychology
7358:Sociocultural evolution
7199:Dual inheritance theory
6656:Personality development
6117:Theoretical foundations
6094:Evolutionary psychology
5608:international relations
4902:Behavioral neuroscience
4467:Behavioral neuroscience
4048:Behavioral neuroscience
2644:Neuropsychopharmacology
2605:Behavioral Neuroscience
2121:Evolutionary psychology
1708:Drosophila melanogaster
1132:Behavioral neuroscience
481:Behavioral neuroscience
137:Behavioral neuroscience
7316:Social constructionism
7311:Psychological nativism
7286:Biological determinism
7234:Recent human evolution
7229:Punctuated equilibrium
7052:Behavioral epigenetics
7047:evolutionary economics
7016:Variability hypothesis
6961:Emotional intelligence
6694:Engineering psychology
6384:Evolution of the brain
5935:Quantum social science
4951:Psychology of religion
4893:Behavioral engineering
4830:Human subject research
4486:Cognitive neuroscience
4452:Affective neuroscience
4043:Affective neuroscience
3824:Molecular neuroscience
3779:Behavioral epigenetics
3658:
3638:Listen to this article
3311:10.1098/rsif.2014.0672
2933:10.1074/jbc.M312751200
2268:Physiology of Behavior
2266:Carlson, Neil (2007).
2106:Cognitive neuroscience
2081:Affective neuroscience
1726:Other research methods
1711:
1643:Magnetoencephalography
1618:Electroencephalography
1609:
1559:Voltage sensitive dyes
1515:long term potentiation
1378:
1313:comparative psychology
1218:
1198:
879:Patricia Goldman-Rakic
742:Traumatic brain injury
707:Cognitive neuroscience
531:Psychology of religion
471:Behavioral engineering
155:Cognitive neuroscience
123:Affective neuroscience
44:Cognitive neuroscience
36:Affective neuroscience
7452:Psychoneuroimmunology
7343:Multilineal evolution
7306:Nature versus nurture
7265:Theoretical positions
7113:Functional psychology
7108:Evolutionary medicine
7083:Biological psychiatry
6791:Texting while driving
6781:Lead–crime hypothesis
6641:Cognitive development
6626:Caregiver deprivation
6137:Gene selection theory
5972:Other categorizations
5825:International studies
5810:History of technology
5745:Communication studies
5628:public administration
5327:Wiktionary definition
4865:Self-report inventory
4860:Quantitative research
4106:Cultural neuroscience
4101:Consumer neuroscience
3943:Neurogastroenterology
3799:Cellular neuroscience
3657:
3059:Radiologic Technology
2345:American Psychologist
2322:. Columbia University
2161:Psychoneuroimmunology
2156:Physical anthropology
2146:Outline of psychology
2126:Models of abnormality
2091:Biological psychiatry
1770:(hunger, thirst, sex)
1716:– The advancement of
1705:
1633:immediate early genes
1606:
1584:Single-unit recording
1493:Psychopharmacological
1376:
1217:
1196:
1136:biological psychology
1080:Philosophy portal
1068:Psychology portal
1042:Wechsler Memory Scale
1012:Lexical Decision Task
625:Psychology portal
7296:Cultural determinism
7103:Evolutionary biology
7088:Cognitive psychology
7036:Academic disciplines
6684:Cognitive ergonomics
6651:Language acquisition
6631:Childhood attachment
6444:Wason selection task
6338:Behavioral modernity
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6110:Evolutionary thought
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4855:Qualitative research
4810:Behavior epigenetics
4078:Sensory neuroscience
3918:Behavioral neurology
3889:Systems neuroscience
3689:More spoken articles
2656:10.1038/npp.2011.179
1850:Huntington's disease
1696:Quantifying behavior
1345:independent variable
1321:evolutionary biology
40:Behavioral neurology
7363:Unilineal evolution
7128:Population genetics
6913:Sexy son hypothesis
6851:Hormonal motivation
6831:Concealed ovulation
6372:Dual process theory
6243:Parental investment
5985:Geisteswissenschaft
5979:Behavioral sciences
5905:Political sociology
5820:Information science
5765:Development studies
5332:Wiktionary category
4898:Behavioral genetics
4870:Statistical surveys
4727:Occupational health
4462:Behavioral genetics
4221:Social neuroscience
4121:Global neurosurgery
3998:Neurorehabilitation
3968:Neuro-ophthalmology
3953:Neurointensive care
3784:Behavioral genetics
3404:Nature Neuroscience
3156:Nature Neuroscience
2969:1998Natur.394..192M
2926:(14): 14280–14286.
2516:10.1038/nature05744
2508:2007Natur.446..633Z
2176:Social neuroscience
2086:Behavioral genetics
1924:Charles Sherrington
1862:Clinical depression
1856:Alzheimer's disease
1844:Parkinson's disease
1829:clinical psychology
1774:Control of movement
1684:Genetic engineering
1497:receptor antagonist
1092:Medicine portal
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476:Behavioral genetics
391:Occupational health
133:Behavioral genetics
64:Part of a series on
56:Social neuroscience
7321:Social determinism
7204:Fisher's principle
7164:Great ape language
7154:Cultural evolution
7123:Philosophy of mind
6956:Division of labour
6918:Westermarck effect
6866:Mating preferences
6776:Distracted driving
6510:Literary criticism
6367:Domain specificity
6347:modularity of mind
6040:Society portal
5527:auxiliary sciences
5304:Schools of thought
5207:Richard E. Nisbett
5087:Donald T. Campbell
4767:Sport and exercise
4297:Neuroimmune system
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4131:Neural engineering
3854:Neuroendocrinology
3834:Neural engineering
3659:
2560:Brain Cell Biology
2166:Psychopharmacology
1916:neurophysiologists
1792:biological rhythms
1768:Motivated behavior
1742:experimental group
1712:
1670:Selective breeding
1650:Genetic techniques
1610:
1379:
1349:dependent variable
1199:
804:Motor coordination
593:Schools of thought
431:Sport and exercise
277:Applied psychology
7429:
7428:
7407:Psychology portal
7371:
7370:
7214:Hologenome theory
7184:Unit of selection
7179:Primate cognition
7093:Cognitive science
7024:
7023:
6895:Sexual attraction
6871:Mating strategies
6636:Cinderella effect
6566:Moral foundations
6470:Visual perception
6362:Domain generality
6331:Facial expression
6279:Sexual dimorphism
6238:Natural selection
6184:Hamiltonian spite
6060:
6059:
5900:Political economy
5895:Political ecology
5750:Community studies
5740:Cognitive science
5703:Interdisciplinary
5603:Political science
5365:
5364:
5342:Wikimedia Commons
5269:Counseling topics
5232:Ronald C. Kessler
5222:Shelley E. Taylor
5147:Lawrence Kohlberg
5122:Stanley Schachter
4921:Consumer behavior
4805:Archival research
4573:Psycholinguistics
4457:Affective science
4367:
4366:
4216:Paleoneurobiology
4151:Neuroepistemology
4126:Neuroanthropology
4092:Interdisciplinary
3978:Neuropharmacology
3938:Neuroepidemiology
3655:
3248:(3): 420–437.e8.
2963:(6689): 192–195.
2502:(7136): 633–639.
2398:978-0-87893-705-9
2386:S. Marc Breedlove
2277:978-0-205-46724-2
2216:978-0-87893-705-9
2061:Cornelia Bargmann
1996:Torsten N. Wiesel
1501:neurotransmission
1447:clozapine N-oxide
1246:mind-body problem
1129:
1128:
961:("H.M.", patient)
954:Hans-Lukas Teuber
874:Elkhonon Goldberg
661:
660:
558:Counseling topics
501:Consumer behavior
242:Psycholinguistics
128:Affective science
7459:
7416:
7403:
7390:
7389:
7033:
7032:
7029:Related subjects
6816:Adult attachment
6343:Cognitive module
6299:
6298:
6286:Social selection
6260:Costly signaling
6255:Sexual selection
6142:Modern synthesis
6087:
6080:
6073:
6064:
6063:
6048:
6038:
6037:
6024:
6023:
6012:
6011:
5915:Regional science
5760:Cultural studies
5735:Business studies
5392:
5385:
5378:
5369:
5368:
5299:Research methods
5242:Richard Davidson
5237:Joseph E. LeDoux
5112:George A. Miller
5102:David McClelland
5097:Herbert A. Simon
4997:Edward Thorndike
4820:Content analysis
4605:
4578:Psychophysiology
4394:
4387:
4380:
4371:
4370:
4355:
4354:
4343:
4342:
4257:Detection theory
4141:Neurocriminology
4068:Neurolinguistics
3983:Neuroprosthetics
3901:
3864:Neuroinformatics
3814:Imaging genetics
3736:
3729:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3679:
3677:
3666:
3665:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3639:
3626:
3625:
3589:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3511:. 47–48: 62–73.
3500:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3463:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3305:(99): 20140672.
3290:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3162:(9): 1281–1289.
3147:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2935:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2843:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2759:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2701:10.1038/nmeth936
2684:
2678:
2677:
2667:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2583:
2566:(1–4): 129–139.
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2409:Zhu, Hu (2014).
2406:
2400:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2263:
2250:
2249:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2197:
1948:Georg von Békésy
1756:mental processes
1571:Synapto-pHluorin
1542:Channelrhodopsin
1478:
1477:
1476:
1339:Research methods
1274:equipotentiality
1150:to the study of
1134:, also known as
1121:
1114:
1107:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1064:
986:
970:
962:
869:Norman Geschwind
849:Arthur L. Benton
838:
789:Natural language
758:
686:
677:
663:
662:
653:
646:
639:
623:
622:
621:
588:Research methods
247:Psychophysiology
109:Basic psychology
80:
61:
60:
7467:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7447:Neuropsychology
7432:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7367:
7353:Neoevolutionism
7260:
7244:Species complex
7209:Group selection
7147:Research topics
7142:
7118:Neuropsychology
7020:
7006:Substance abuse
6928:Sex differences
6922:
6836:Coolidge effect
6797:
6709:Neuroergonomics
6674:
6665:
6589:
6491:
6425:Folk psychology
6306:
6290:
6160:
6153:
6096:
6091:
6061:
6056:
6032:
6000:
5967:
5951:
5925:Science studies
5709:Administration
5698:
5424:
5401:
5399:Social sciences
5396:
5366:
5361:
5318:
5294:Psychotherapies
5255:
5212:Martin Seligman
5177:Daniel Kahneman
5117:Richard Lazarus
5067:Raymond Cattell
4971:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4874:
4786:
4613:
4606:
4597:
4558:Neuropsychology
4438:
4431:
4403:
4398:
4368:
4363:
4331:
4317:Neurotechnology
4312:Neuroplasticity
4307:Neuromodulation
4302:Neuromanagement
4225:
4196:Neurophilosophy
4093:
4087:
4073:Neuropsychology
4034:
4027:
3988:Neuropsychiatry
3948:Neuroimmunology
3933:Neurocardiology
3909:
3902:
3893:
3884:Neurophysiology
3874:Neuromorphology
3829:Neural decoding
3770:
3763:
3745:
3740:
3693:
3692:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3670:This audio file
3667:
3660:
3651:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3590:
3579:
3538:
3534:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3439:
3435:
3395:
3391:
3348:
3344:
3291:
3287:
3234:
3230:
3203:
3199:
3148:
3144:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3055:
3051:
3004:
3000:
2953:
2949:
2912:
2908:
2869:
2865:
2820:
2816:
2777:
2773:
2728:
2724:
2695:(10): 785–792.
2685:
2681:
2636:
2632:
2601:
2597:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2491:
2487:
2456:
2452:
2407:
2403:
2390:Mark Rosenzweig
2384:
2380:
2341:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2264:
2253:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2076:
2049:in Neuroscience
2043:
2038:May-Britt Moser
1984:Roger W. Sperry
1978:Karl von Frisch
1912:neuroanatomists
1902:Nobel Laureates
1899:
1817:decision making
1751:
1737:
1728:
1718:computer vision
1698:
1652:
1565:Calcium imaging
1551:
1523:
1486:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1361:
1341:
1329:neuropsychology
1308:
1279:Wilder Penfield
1224:, particularly
1168:
1125:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1051:
987:
982:
975:
974:
968:
960:
959:Henry Molaison
949:Roger W. Sperry
944:Mark Rosenzweig
929:Karl H. Pribram
919:Alexander Luria
889:Kenneth Heilman
859:Antonio Damasio
839:
836:
829:
828:
819:Problem solving
779:Decision making
759:
756:Brain functions
754:
747:
746:
727:Neurophysiology
687:
684:
667:Neuropsychology
657:
619:
617:
610:
609:
608:
607:
583:Psychotherapies
551:
541:
540:
461:
453:
452:
451:
450:
279:
269:
268:
267:
266:
227:Neuropsychology
111:
59:
52:Neuropsychology
48:Neuropsychiatry
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7465:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7410:
7397:
7384:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7368:
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7360:
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7350:
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7340:
7335:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7274:
7268:
7266:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7258:
7257:
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7231:
7226:
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7216:
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7181:
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7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
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7095:
7090:
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7080:
7075:
7058:
7049:
7039:
7037:
7030:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6932:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6897:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6807:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6736:Mind-blindness
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6680:
6678:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6610:
6605:
6599:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6536:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6501:
6499:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6431:
6429:theory of mind
6422:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6340:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6312:
6310:
6296:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6262:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6196:Baldwin effect
6193:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6134:
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6124:
6114:
6113:
6112:
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6075:
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6042:
6030:
6018:
6005:
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5999:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5868:social science
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5800:Global studies
5797:
5795:Gender studies
5792:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5778:social science
5774:Environmental
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5473:macroeconomics
5470:
5468:microeconomics
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5395:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5372:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:Roy Baumeister
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5187:Michael Posner
5184:
5179:
5174:
5172:Elliot Aronson
5169:
5167:Walter Mischel
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5132:Albert Bandura
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5107:Leon Festinger
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5077:Neal E. Miller
5074:
5072:Abraham Maslow
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:Ernest Hilgard
5054:
5052:Donald O. Hebb
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5032:J. P. Guilford
5029:
5027:Gordon Allport
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5007:John B. Watson
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4800:Animal testing
4796:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4503:Cross-cultural
4500:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4483:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4397:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4349:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4327:Self-awareness
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4282:Neurodiversity
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4181:Neuromarketing
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4156:Neuroesthetics
4153:
4148:
4146:Neuroeconomics
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:Neuroradiology
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:Neuropathology
3970:
3965:
3963:Neuro-oncology
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:Neurochemistry
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3682:
3668:
3661:
3649:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:External links
3630:
3628:
3627:
3600:(2): 180–187.
3577:
3532:
3495:
3486:
3474:
3433:
3389:
3362:(4): 703–711.
3356:Nature Methods
3342:
3285:
3228:
3197:
3142:
3105:(13): 109730.
3085:
3076:
3049:
2998:
2947:
2906:
2863:
2834:(4): 735–741.
2814:
2787:(5): 463–506.
2771:
2742:(1): 154–165.
2722:
2689:Nature Methods
2679:
2650:(1): 296–297.
2630:
2611:(1): 126–133.
2595:
2546:
2537:
2485:
2450:
2421:(4): 723–725.
2401:
2378:
2351:(3): 198–205.
2332:
2308:
2301:
2283:
2276:
2251:
2232:
2220:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2008:Arvid Carlsson
2005:
2002:Eric R. Kandel
1999:
1993:
1990:David H. Hubel
1987:
1981:
1975:
1972:Niko Tinbergen
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1920:
1906:The following
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1750:
1747:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1681:
1667:
1660:inbred strains
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1637:2-deoxyglucose
1625:
1615:
1600:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1575:fusion protein
1568:
1562:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1462:Halorhodopsins
1454:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1402:
1392:
1386:
1360:
1357:
1353:nervous system
1340:
1337:
1307:
1304:
1238:William Harvey
1230:Claude Bernard
1172:René Descartes
1167:
1164:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
981:
980:
977:
976:
973:
972:
964:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
914:Rodolfo Llinás
911:
909:Benjamin Libet
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Donald O. Hebb
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
840:
835:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
760:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
688:
683:
682:
679:
678:
670:
669:
659:
658:
656:
655:
648:
641:
633:
630:
629:
628:
627:
612:
611:
606:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
553:
552:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
281:
280:
275:
274:
271:
270:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
172:Cross-cultural
169:
164:
163:
162:
152:
143:
138:
135:
130:
125:
120:
114:
113:
112:
107:
106:
103:
102:
101:
100:
95:
90:
82:
81:
73:
72:
66:
65:
16:Field of study
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7464:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7422:
7421:
7415:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7402:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7385:
7383:
7382:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7348:Neo-Darwinism
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7333:Functionalism
7331:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7291:Connectionism
7289:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7281:indeterminism
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7263:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
7001:Schizophrenia
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6986:Mental health
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6905:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6861:Mate guarding
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6821:Age disparity
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6751:Schizophrenia
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6676:Mental health
6672:
6671:Human factors
6668:
6662:
6661:Socialization
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6621:paternal bond
6618:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6486:
6485:NaĂŻve physics
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6451:Motor control
6449:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6417:
6414:
6410:
6409:Ophidiophobia
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6399:Arachnophobia
6397:
6396:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6326:Display rules
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6228:Kin selection
6226:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6156:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6122:Adaptationism
6120:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6095:
6088:
6083:
6081:
6076:
6074:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6043:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6007:
6006:
6003:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5991:Human science
5989:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5948:
5947:Vegan studies
5945:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5910:Public health
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5844:Philosophies
5843:
5841:
5840:Media studies
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:Human ecology
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5725:Anthrozoology
5723:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5650:developmental
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:public policy
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5574:legal systems
5572:
5570:
5569:legal history
5567:
5565:
5564:jurisprudence
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5400:
5393:
5388:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Psychologists
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:Organizations
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:John Anderson
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5157:Ulric Neisser
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5142:Endel Tulving
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5127:Robert Zajonc
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5082:Jerome Bruner
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5047:B. F. Skinner
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5012:Clark L. Hull
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4992:Sigmund Freud
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4982:William James
4980:
4978:
4977:Wilhelm Wundt
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:Psychologists
4965:
4957:
4956:Psychometrics
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4916:Consciousness
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Psychophysics
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4792:Methodologies
4789:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:Psychotherapy
4750:
4748:
4747:Psychometrics
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4609:
4604:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:Developmental
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
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4450:
4448:
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4442:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
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4390:
4388:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4360:
4359:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
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4260:
4258:
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4253:
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4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:Neurotheology
4209:
4207:
4206:Neurorobotics
4204:
4202:
4201:Neuropolitics
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:Neuroethology
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:Motor control
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:Chronobiology
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4013:Neurovirology
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
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3974:
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3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
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3887:
3885:
3882:
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3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:Neurogenetics
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
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3820:
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3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Brain-reading
3792:
3790:
3789:Brain mapping
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
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3748:
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3453:
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3445:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
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3401:
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3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
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3353:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
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3251:
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3232:
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3216:
3212:
3208:
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3031:
3026:
3021:
3017:
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3009:
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2994:
2990:
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2982:
2978:
2977:10.1038/28190
2974:
2970:
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2958:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
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2898:
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2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:(2): 91–106.
2878:
2874:
2867:
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2847:
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2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
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2469:
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2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
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2321:
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2313:
2304:
2302:0-19-506491-7
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2279:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2228:Psychobiology
2224:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:Psychophysics
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:Neuroethology
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2067:Winfried Denk
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:Linda B. Buck
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:Konrad Lorenz
1964:
1961:
1960:Ragnar Granit
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:Schizophrenia
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:animal models
1834:
1830:
1823:
1822:Consciousness
1820:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1743:
1732:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1688:knockout mice
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:fluorescence.
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1467:
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1452:
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1440:
1436:
1432:
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1425:
1422:
1419:
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1354:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1303:
1301:
1300:Psychobiology
1297:
1293:
1292:Knight Dunlap
1287:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
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1239:
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1227:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1213:William James
1210:
1209:
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1197:William James
1195:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:physiological
1149:
1145:
1144:psychobiology
1141:
1140:biopsychology
1137:
1133:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
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1083:
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1048:
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1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
985:
979:
978:
971:
965:
963:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
924:Brenda Milner
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:Alan Baddeley
842:
841:
833:
832:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
774:Consciousness
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
757:
751:
750:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
692:Brain regions
690:
689:
681:
680:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
664:
654:
649:
647:
642:
640:
635:
634:
632:
631:
626:
616:
615:
614:
613:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:Psychologists
576:
574:
571:
569:
568:Organizations
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
550:
545:
544:
537:
536:Psychometrics
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:Consciousness
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
457:
456:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:Psychotherapy
414:
412:
411:Psychometrics
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
278:
273:
272:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
182:Developmental
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
151:
147:
144:
142:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
110:
105:
104:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:
79:
75:
74:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
26:
22:
7418:
7405:
7392:
7379:
7138:Sociobiology
7064:
6996:Neuroscience
6976:Intelligence
6522:Anthropology
6475:Color vision
6460:Multitasking
6439:Flynn effect
6434:Intelligence
6416:Folk biology
6159:Evolutionary
6049:
6025:
6013:
5983:
5790:Food studies
5730:Area studies
5483:mathematical
5478:econometrics
5436:Anthropology
5202:Larry Squire
5197:Bruce McEwen
5192:Amos Tversky
5162:Jerome Kagan
5152:Noam Chomsky
5092:Hans Eysenck
5062:Harry Harlow
5042:Erik Erikson
4941:Intelligence
4840:Neuroimaging
4583:Quantitative
4548:Mathematical
4543:Intelligence
4533:Experimental
4528:Evolutionary
4518:Differential
4466:
4427:Psychologist
4356:
4344:
4292:Neuroimaging
4287:Neurogenesis
4171:Neurohistory
4136:Neurobiotics
4047:
4035:neuroscience
4003:Neurosurgery
3928:Epileptology
3910:neuroscience
3879:Neurophysics
3869:Neurometrics
3844:Neurobiology
3839:Neuroanatomy
3809:Connectomics
3743:Neuroscience
3597:
3593:
3554:10.3791/4079
3548:(65): 4079.
3545:
3535:
3508:
3498:
3489:
3477:
3443:
3436:
3403:
3392:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3200:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3102:
3099:Cell Reports
3098:
3088:
3079:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3018:(11): e305.
3015:
3012:PLOS Biology
3011:
3001:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2540:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2381:
2348:
2344:
2324:. Retrieved
2292:
2286:
2267:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2223:
2207:
2195:
2181:Neuroscience
2131:Neurobiology
2101:Biosemiotics
2055:Ann Graybiel
2045:
2044:
2032:Edvard Moser
2026:John O'Keefe
2014:Richard Axel
1930:Edgar Adrian
1905:
1901:
1900:
1888:, including
1826:
1801:
1752:
1738:
1729:
1532:motor cortex
1492:
1466:Proton pumps
1451:chemogenetic
1413:tetrodotoxin
1404:
1394:
1389:Electrolytic
1388:
1382:
1342:
1325:neurobiology
1309:
1299:
1295:
1294:in his book
1288:
1284:Phineas Gage
1267:
1242:
1234:Charles Bell
1226:neuroanatomy
1219:
1206:
1200:
1176:pineal gland
1169:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
939:Oliver Sacks
904:Muriel Lezak
899:Edith Kaplan
864:Phineas Gage
722:Neuroanatomy
521:Intelligence
480:
252:Quantitative
217:Mathematical
212:Intelligence
202:Experimental
197:Evolutionary
187:Differential
7277:Determinism
7189:Coevolution
7133:Primatology
6971:Gender role
6876:Orientation
6756:Screen time
6613:Affectional
6595:Development
6274:Mate choice
6201:By-products
6169:Adaptations
6132:Cognitivism
6051:Wikiversity
5942:Social work
5830:Linguistics
5755:Criminology
5672:criminology
5655:personality
5613:comparative
5591:Linguistics
5584:private law
5441:archaeology
5274:Disciplines
5247:Susan Fiske
5137:Roger Brown
5037:Carl Rogers
5022:Jean Piaget
4987:Ivan Pavlov
4845:Observation
4825:Experiments
4772:Suicidology
4667:Educational
4622:Anomalistic
4593:Theoretical
4568:Personality
4498:Comparative
4481:Cognitivism
4472:Behaviorism
4161:Neuroethics
4008:Neurotology
2047:Kavli Prize
1954:George Wald
1936:Walter Hess
1908:Nobel Prize
1749:Topic areas
1706:Fruit fly (
1656:QTL mapping
1538:Optogenetic
1457:Optogenetic
1409:anesthetics
1032:Stroop Test
934:Pasko Rakic
894:Eric Kandel
717:Human brain
563:Disciplines
436:Suicidology
331:Educational
286:Anomalistic
262:Theoretical
237:Personality
167:Comparative
150:Cognitivism
141:Behaviorism
7436:Categories
7224:Population
7219:Lamarckism
7065:behavioral
7043:Behavioral
6991:Narcissism
6936:Aggression
6726:Hypophobia
6716:Depression
6603:Attachment
6585:Universals
6549:Psychology
6527:Biological
6515:Musicology
6505:Aesthetics
6404:Basophobia
6211:Exaptation
6189:Reciprocal
5996:Humanities
5930:historical
5863:psychology
5835:Management
5677:demography
5635:Psychology
5618:philosophy
5579:public law
5510:integrated
5337:Wikisource
5182:Paul Ekman
5017:Kurt Lewin
4911:Competence
4835:Interviews
4815:Case study
4692:Humanistic
4672:Ergonomics
4657:Counseling
4632:Assessment
4614:psychology
4563:Perception
4523:Ecological
4439:psychology
4417:Philosophy
4401:Psychology
4322:Neurotoxin
4023:Psychiatry
3685:Audio help
3676:2006-12-18
2466:(5): 562.
2326:2014-05-04
2204:Rosenzweig
2202:, Watson,
2188:References
1942:Egas Moniz
1890:alcoholism
1886:Drug abuse
1629:phrenology
1508:antagonist
1433:signaling
1399:neurotoxin
1203:psychology
1180:pneumatics
854:David Bohm
809:Perception
491:Competence
356:Humanistic
336:Ergonomics
321:Counseling
296:Assessment
232:Perception
192:Ecological
70:Psychology
7069:cognitive
7061:Affective
6946:Cognition
6900:Sexuality
6886:Pair bond
6646:Education
6303:Cognition
6221:Inclusive
6161:processes
6149:Criticism
5874:Planning
5853:economics
5770:Education
5667:Sociology
5645:cognitive
5596:semiotics
5547:political
5505:technical
5490:Geography
5463:Economics
5357:Wikibooks
5347:Wikiquote
5217:Ed Diener
5002:Carl Jung
4906:Cognition
4737:Political
4647:Community
4477:Cognitive
4267:Neurochip
4033:Cognitive
3958:Neurology
3420:1546-1726
3376:1548-7105
3319:1742-5689
3262:0896-6273
3223:253371320
3176:1546-1726
3119:2211-1247
2373:222054067
2200:Breedlove
1813:Reasoning
1691:chemical.
1608:abnormal.
1431:G protein
1405:Temporary
1262:Aristotle
969:(patient)
769:Attention
486:Cognition
401:Political
311:Community
146:Cognitive
98:Subfields
7338:Memetics
7098:Ethology
7056:genetics
6891:Physical
6856:Jealousy
6811:Activity
6617:maternal
6573:Religion
6561:Morality
6539:Language
6420:taxonomy
6233:Mismatch
6179:Cheating
6174:Altruism
6015:Category
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5878:land use
5713:business
5682:internet
5640:abnormal
5542:military
5532:economic
5522:cultural
5495:physical
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5446:cultural
5352:Wikinews
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4931:Feelings
4926:Emotions
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4879:Concepts
4757:Religion
4742:Positive
4732:Pastoral
4717:Military
4682:Forensic
4677:Feminist
4662:Critical
4652:Consumer
4642:Coaching
4637:Clinical
4612:Applied
4508:Cultural
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4346:Category
4230:Concepts
4176:Neurolaw
3908:Clinical
3687: ·
3622:23766473
3614:11301237
3572:22847556
3527:26165820
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2942:14742421
2901:13373078
2858:11447982
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2766:20303157
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2709:16990810
2674:22157861
2590:18677566
2524:17410168
2480:18450936
2445:24853931
2074:See also
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1383:Surgical
1317:ethology
1184:reflexes
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794:Learning
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598:Timeline
511:Feelings
506:Emotions
466:Behavior
460:Concepts
421:Religion
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381:Military
346:Forensic
341:Feminist
326:Critical
316:Consumer
306:Coaching
301:Clinical
177:Cultural
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7239:Species
7011:Suicide
6846:Fantasy
6826:Arousal
6608:Bonding
6497:Culture
6321:Display
6308:Emotion
6216:Fitness
6105:History
6027:Commons
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5517:History
5429:Primary
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3645:minutes
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3328:4233753
3271:7864892
3128:8498918
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2993:4320849
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2965:Bibcode
2893:8474261
2850:9354320
2801:8532849
2757:4160532
2665:3238068
2625:1673846
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2532:4415339
2504:Bibcode
2436:4109642
2365:2035930
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2210:, 6/e,
2096:Biology
1880:Anxiety
1797:Emotion
1445:, like
1443:ligands
1435:in vivo
1365:Lesions
1272:versus
1254:dualism
1222:anatomy
1166:History
1156:genetic
1148:biology
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764:Arousal
573:Outline
446:Traffic
441:Systems
376:Medical
207:Gestalt
93:History
88:Outline
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6981:Memory
6941:Autism
6908:female
6841:Desire
6578:Origin
6554:Speech
6544:Origin
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5552:social
5451:social
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2016:(2004)
2010:(2000)
2004:(2000)
1998:(1981)
1992:(1981)
1986:(1981)
1980:(1973)
1974:(1973)
1968:(1973)
1962:(1967)
1956:(1967)
1950:(1961)
1944:(1949)
1938:(1949)
1932:(1932)
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