1225:
11412:"Muhammad Rasheed Ridha notes that given Dahlaan's position in Makkah and the availability there of works about the call, it is hard to believe that Dahlaan was not aware of the truth about the teachings of ibn Abdul Wahhab and his followers. He must have simply chosen to write otherwise. He further argues that even if he did not see such writings and he relied simply on what he heard from people, it would have been incumbent upon him to verify those reports and to seek out ibn Abdul Wahhab's writings to see if such reports could possibly have been true." ... "Muhammad Rasheed Ridha described the situation best when he wrote, "From the amazing aspects of the ignorance of Dahlaan and others similar to him is that they think that what Allah describes concerning the falsehood of the shirk of the polytheists applies only to them . They think that such are not proofs against anyone who does similar to what they did. It is as if it is permissible for a Muslim to commit shirk due to his Islamic citizenship, even if he commits every type of associating of partners with Allah enumerated in the Quran. Based on that, he cannot conceive of any kind of apostasy from Islam because anyone who is called a Muslim must also have his kufr and shirk called Islamic . Or it is considered permissible for him or, at the very least, forbidden. Indeed, they considered it sanctioned based on a reinterpretation of the texts." Rasheed Ridha, footnotes to Siyaanah al-Insaan, pp. 479–80
11286:
in the
Umayyad Mosque, deprived of the right to issue legal opinions (ifta'). The reason for this was the discovery of Ibn Taymiyya's fatwa on grave visitation, authored by him seventeen years earlier and exploited by Ibn Taymiyya's adversaries. This event was connected with yet another incident. After Ibn al-Qayyim, in full accordance with his master's teaching, had preached in Jerusalem about the intercession of the prophets and denied that one could set out to visit the Prophet's grave without first going to the Prophet's mosque, a group of Ibn Taymiyya's sympathizers was arrested. Ibn al Qayyim, after he had been beaten and paraded on a donkey, was imprisoned along with Ibn Taymiyya.. Ibn Taymiyya prohibits traveling exclusively for the purpose of visiting the Prophet's grave, but it is customary (sunna) to visit it after praying in his mosque, because it was the way of the sahaba... Ibn Taymiyya criticizes hadiths encouraging visitation of the Prophet's grave, pronouncing them all forgeries (mawdu') and lies (kidhb)...
650:
12609:
Arabia. Saudis consider this term pejorative because it makes mainstream religion of Saudi Arabia sound like a cult centered on one man... His reformist approach, however, like Ibn
Taymiyya's, was meant to be a rational enterprise that opposed superstition as well as innovation in religion.. his focus was the chaotic eighteenth century tribal rivalry within the Arabian Peninsula, not the world. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's theology thus does not support al-Qaeda's ideology of global jihad. His heirs today are the religious scholars who are the pillars of the modern Saudi state and al-Qaeda's enemies. The Saudi population overwhelmingly prefers its religious institutions and scholars to the revolutionary Salafism of Bin Laden. Al-Qaeda attacks these mainstream Saudi clerics with the vitriol they usually reserve for the United States.
11831:
innovation (bid'a), but he was harsh (shadid) in his attitude." Question: Who are the
Wahhabis and what was the belief of Abd al-Wahhab al-Najdi? What was his Madhhab and what type of person was he? What is the difference in belief between the people of Najd and Sunni Hanafis?" "Answer: The followers of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab are called Wahhabis. They had good (umdah) beliefs and their school of thought was Hanbali. However, they were very stringent in their attitude but he and his followers were good people. But, yes, those who exceeded the limits were overcome by wrongness (fasad). And basic beliefs of everyone are united. The difference they have in actions is (like that) of Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali." (Fatawa Rashidiyya, pp. 241–42) ...
9361:(his criticism)... was also directed against the blind acceptance of religious authority (taqlid ) and by implication the 'ulama for confining independent reasoning (ijtihad ) and for their uncritical acceptance of medieval Islamic sources as the final authority on these questions. Instead, he maintained that final authoritative sources are those of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet along with the precedents of the early Companions, who considered ijtihad as necessary for the continuous interpretation of Islamic law" ... "By upholding the absolute supremacy of the Qur'an and the early Sunnah, his intention was to undercut the authority of ijma, the consensus arrived at by the established 'ulama and extend the practice of independent reasoning .
1008:. His exposure to various practices centered around the cult of saints and grave veneration would eventually propel Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab to grow critical of Sufi superstitious accretions and practices. Rather than targeting "Sufism" as a phenomenon or a group, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab denounced particular practices which he considered sinful. He fashioned his reformist campaign in a manner that appealed to the socio-cultural dynamics of 18th century Arabia. Many of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's scholarly treatises, pamphlets and speeches appropriated idioms of local Arab dialects, monologues of vernacular poetry and catchphrases of folk culture into his religious discourse.
6053:
5683:
5277:
2695:
4683:, for their efforts in launching socio-religious movements that challenged the authority of the dominant clerical and political hierarchy of their societies. Despite being adherents of different religions; both of them were inspired by their respective idealised visions of the past and shared similar themes such as the social and economic upliftment of their societies empowered through mass-education enabled by campaigns for open access to Scriptures. He is honoured by many scholars of the
9474:ʿAbd al-Wahhāb considered the institution of fiqh as a kind of factory for the production of slavish emulators. The real task of a scholar, he argued, is to return to the texts of revelation, not to the opinions of men" ... "Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb drew on both Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn al-Qayyim... Yet neither of them wrote off the entire field of jurisprudence as irredeemable, as Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb did"... "he describes his position with respect to scholarly authority as... ittibāʿ (following)
11384:
lengthy passage, described ibn Abdul-Wahhaab as a mujaddid ("religious revivalist"), repelling the innovations and deviations in Muslim life. Through his magazine, al-Manaar, Muhammad
Rasheed Ridha greatly contributed to the spread of ibn Abdul-Wahhaab's teachings in the whole Muslim world. In fact, he published some of his articles from that magazine in a work entitled al-Wahhaabiyoon wa al-Hijaaz ("The Wahhabis and the Hijaz"). His magazine was unique in its thought and popularity.
11565:
to Egypt in search of hadith collections and
Hanbali exegetical discussions of the Quran (tafsir) and jurisprudence (fiqh): "I myself met with the two Wahhabis twice and found them to be friendly and articulate, knowledgeable and well versed in historical events and curiosities. They were modest men of good morals, well trained in oratory, in the principles of religion, the branches of fiqh, and the disagreements of the Schools of Law. In all this they were extraordinary.
1170:
5630:
2639:
1327:
2958:... Among the false accusations they propagated, ... is the claim that I accuse all Muslims, except my followers, of being Kuffar (Unbelievers)... This is truly incredible. How can any sane person accept such accusations? Would a Muslim say these things? I declare that I renounce, before Allah, these statements that only a mad person would utter. In short, what I was accused of calling to, other than enjoining Tawheed and forbidding Shirk, is all false."
2896:(disbelief) cannot be excommunicated until they have direct access to Scriptural evidences and get the opportunity to understand their mistakes and retract. If not, their affairs are to be delegated only to God. Hence, he believed that education and dialogue was the only effective path for the successful implementation of reforms. Explaining this concept in various pamphlets addressed to the masses and other scholars, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab declared:
11176:
Ibn Bishr simply states that he moved to al-Diriyyah with his family and remained there while receiving a stipend, which may or may not be a sign that he had changed his views. There is actually a letter that was supposedly written by
Sulaimaan in which he stated that he repented from his earlier views. Al-Bassaam in Ulamaa Najd presents logical evidence to show that that letter is false and Sulaimaan actually never changed his position
4346:. Sulayman, his brother, disputed many of his doctrinal statements and was one of his staunch opponents during a certain time-period. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's father disagreed with his son's metholodolgy in implementing reforms. According to historical records, Sulayman declared his repentance and started to support his brother during later life, after understanding the doctrines and objectives of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's revivalist movement.
11594:
forces slaughtered the men and enslaved the women and children. But when it came to doctrinal matters, he reproduced an epistle that the
Wahhabis had sent to the religious leader of a Moroccan pilgrim caravan. The epistle set forth their views on idolatry, intercession, festooning the graves of holy men and adhering to the Sunni mainstream. It emphasized that the Wahhabis did not bring anything new but followed classical authorities
7574:: 32–39 "Scholars have described Muhammad Hayya as having an important influence on Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, encouraging him in his developing determination to denounce rigid imitation of medieval commentaries and to utilize informed individual analysis (ijtihad). Muhammad Hayya also taught Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab a rejection of popular religious practices associated with 'saints' and their tombs that is similar to later Wahhdbi teachings".
4573:. Al-Jabarti had the chance to personally meet with various Wahhabi scholars in Egypt in 1814. Finding them to be friendly and knowledgeable, Al-Jabarti stated that the Wahhabis were "modest men of good morals, well trained in oratory, in the principles of religion, the branches of fiqh, and the disagreements of the Schools of Law. In all this they were extraordinary." He described Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab as a man who "summoned men to
3105:, ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab condemned the popular practice prevalent amongst his contemporary scholars to blindfollow latter-day legal works and urged Muslims to take directly from Qur'an and Sunnah. He viewed it as a duty upon every Muslim, laymen and scholar, male & female, to seek knowledge directly from the sources. Radically departing from both Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab viewed the entirety of the prevalent
4534:"I discovered much reason and moderation among the Wehhabites to whom I spoke, and from whom I obtained the greater part of the information which I have given concerning their nation..... The reformer Abdoulwehhab did not invest himself with any honour or public character: he was only the chief of the sect, and did not require any personal distinction. After his death, his son, who succeeded him, preserved the same simplicity."
3938:) that was inclusive to all sections of society, especially the poor. He also campaigned for improving female literacy and asserted women's education as part of their religious rights and duties. Educated elite women played an important role in the Wahhabi movement through social activism and in various instances also weld significant political influence. Many women were trained in various religious disciplines, memorising
5939:
1492:, combined forces to inflict a major defeat on the Saudis at the Battle of Hair in October 1764, killing around 500 men. The anti-Wahhabi forces allied with the invaders and participated in the combined siege of Dirʿiyya. However, the defenders were able to hold onto their town due to the unexpected departure of the Najranis after a truce concluded with the Saudis. A decade later in 1773-'4, 'Abd al-Azeez had conquered
5641:
2628:
4334:" Shaykh Muhammad (May God have Mercy on him) never made takfeer of the people in the beginning; except via establishing the proofs and the da'wah, because at that time there was a dearth of knowledge of the message (of Islām) and for that reason he said 'due to their ignorance and the lack of anyone who makes them aware'. However, as for those on whom the proofs are established, then there is nothing to prevent
1012:
4396:, seeking the intercession of saints, venerating Muhammad and obtaining the blessings of saints. He also accused Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab of not adhering to the Hanbali school and that he was deficient in learning. However, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab had believed that visiting the tomb of Muhammad was a righteous deed, referring to it as "among the best of deeds" while condemning its excesses. The medieval theologians
1443:, had initiated a coup in Huraymila and installed a new ruler that threatened to topple the Wahhābī order. A fierce war between Diriyah and Huraymila began in a magnitude that was unprecedented. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab held a convocation of Wahhabis from all the settlements across Najd. Reviewing the recent desertions and defeats, he encouraged them to hold fast to their faith and recommit to the struggle.
1090:, where his father had settled, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab wrote his first work on the Unity of God. With Ibn Mu'ammar, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab agreed to support Ibn Mu'ammar's political ambitions to expand his rule "over Najd and possibly beyond", in exchange for the ruler's support for Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's religious teachings. During the early years of preaching, he criticised various folk practices and
12186:
and al-Qaeda is not
Wahhabi. ... The ideology of al-Qaeda is not a simple affair, and it is a serious mistake to reduce it to Wahhabism. To do so is to ignore the extent to which al-Qaeda broke with the traditional geo-political outlook of Wahhabism, which had never entered into politico-military opposition to the West and was indeed in alliance with the U.S. from 1945 onwards. ...
927:"... one day Shaykh Muḥammad stood by the chamber of the Prophet where people were calling and seeking help by the Prophet's chamber, blessings and peace be upon him. He then saw Muḥammad Ḥayāt and came to him. The shaykh asked, "What do you say about them?" He said, "Verily that in which they are engaged shall be destroyed and their acts are invalid.""
4014:"As for warfare, until today, we did not fight anyone, except in defense of our lives and honor. They came to us in our area and did not spare any effort in fighting us. We only initiated fighting against some of them in retaliation for their continued aggression, (42:40)... they are the ones who started declaring us to be unbelievers and fighting us"
1426:"As for warfare, until today, we did not fight anyone, except in defense of our lives and honor. They came to us in our area and did not spare any effort in fighting us. We only initiated fighting against some of them in retaliation for their continued aggression, (42:40)... they are the ones who started declaring us to be unbelievers and fighting us"
10982:
1224:
1454:, had emerged as the principal leader of the Wahhabi military operations. Alongside a force of 800 men, accompanied by an additional 200 under the command of the deposed ruler of Huraymila, Abd al Azeez was able to subdue the rebels. More significantly, the rationale behind the campaign was based on Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb's newly written epistle
4471:, and availability there of the works of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, he must have simply chosen to write otherwise. Rida also argued that Dahlan simply wrote what he heard from people, and criticised him for not verifying reports and seeking out the writings of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab. He condemned Dahlan for his ignorance and his sanctioning of acts of
3194:. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab further tries to undermine the belief in the pre-existence of Muḥammad as a divine light preceding all other creation, a salient concept that served as an aspect of Prophetic devotion during the eleventh Islamic century. Additionally, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb omitted mentioning other episodes narrated in various
3948:; which gained them civic respect as well as a source of income by teaching. As a result, the townsfolk of 19th-century Central Arabia had noticeably higher rates of literacy as observed by foreign travellers. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab also encouraged educated women to be active in various communal activities so as to bolster the
12622:
11944:
5144:; transforming them away from a poetic-vernacular style of communication with mass appeal to a more rigid and purist understanding that aligned with the interests of the ruling class and the clerical establishment. David E. Long believes that modern Jihadist movements are more influenced by the ideological worldview of
3895:
society being obliged to respect her status and protect her. He also condemned forced marriages and declared any marriage contracted without the consent of a woman (be it minor, virgin or non-virgin) to be "invalid". This too was a significant reform as well as a break from the four Sunni schools which allowed the
11208:
10860:
10826:
10795:
3651:; thereby making their blood forfeit based on their reading of the reports of Muhammad and Companions. On the other hand, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab contextualised those reports; arguing that they must be understood in recognition of historical circumstances. According to his view, sincerity and purity of intent (
3515:
accordingly whilst respecting the people of knowledge, and respect them, even if they erred, but he does not take them as lords besides God; This is the way of those who are blessed. As for those who throw away their speech and do not respect, then this is the path of those who have incurred God's wrath."
12185:
the
Taliban ... movement emerged more from the Deobandi School and not Wahhabism ... the Saudi government cooperated fully, ..., with U.S. operations in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) by allowing U.S. forces to use Saudi air bases to control U.S. aircraft ... the ideology of Osama bin Laden
11830:
Question: What kind of a person was (Muhammad ibn) Abd al-Wahhab al-Najdi?" "Answer: People call
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab a Wahhabi. He was a good person, and I have heard that he was a follower of the Hanbali School of Islamic law and acted upon the Hadith. He used to prevent people from Shirk and
7595:
Official sources on Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's life put his visits to these cities in different chronological orders, and the full extent of such travels remains disputed among historians. As well, dates are missing in a great many cases, making it difficult to reconstruct a chronology of his life up until
4266:), and of wrongly declaring all scholars as infidels who did not agree with his "deviant innovation". In contrast to this anti-Wahhabi family tradition, Ibn Humayd's early education included extensive studies under two Wahhabi Shaykhs, both praised in his biographical dictionary. He then travelled to
3783:
We do not negate the way of the Sufis and the purification of the inner self from the vices of those sins connected to the heart and the limbs as long as the individual firmly adheres to the rules of Shari'ah and the correct and observed way. However, we will not take it on ourselves to allegorically
11564:
The Egyptian historian Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, who encountered Wahhabis in Egypt ten years later, in 1814, was similarly impressed by the knowledge of the Wahhabi scholars he encountered, despite all of the negative things he had heard about them. The two Wahhabis with whom al-Jabarti met had come
11175:
There is a difference of opinion concerning whether Sulaimaan eventually gave up his opposition and joined the call of his brother Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab. Ibn Ghannaam, the earliest chronicler, specifically states that he repented from his previous position and joined his brother in al-Diriyyah.
7778:
Ibn Abd al-Wahhab set out for Basra (located in modern Iraq), where he pursued additional studies in hadith and fiqh with an important scholar and madrasa (Islamic school) teacher, Muhammad al-Majmu'i... It is believed that Ibn Abd al-Wahhab came into contact with Shiis during this stay in Basra,...
4549:
in 1784 attributed the popular hysteria about the Wahhabis to a different cause. Unlike Ottoman depictions, Brydges believed that Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's doctrine was in keeping with the teachings of Quran, was "perfectly orthodox", "consonant to the purest and best interpretations of that volume", and
4512:
explorer who was in Mecca in 1803, shortly after the Wahhabi conquest of Hejaz, presented a starkly different view of the Wahhabis. He was surprised to find that they were fairly "moderate, reasonable and civilized". He further observed that, rather than engaging in rampant violence and destruction,
3909:
schools). Nevertheless, as a practical jurist, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab allowed guardians to delegate the right to contract marriages to women herself, after which his permission cannot be denied. He also allowed women the right to stipulate favourable conditions for her in the marriage contract. Ibn 'Abd
3894:
in the 20th and 21st centuries. Following a balanced approach in issues of gender, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab advocated moderation between men and women in social interactions as well as spirituality. According to Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, women has a place in society with both rights and responsibility, with the
765:. He probably chose to leave Najd and look elsewhere for studies to see if such beliefs and rituals were as popular in the neighboring places of the Muslim world or the possibility that his home town offered inadequate educational resources. Even today, the reasoning for why he left Najd is unclear.
11593:
Whereas Ottoman writers disparaged Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the Egyptian author described him as a man who summoned men to God's book and the Prophet's Sunna, bidding them to abandon innovations in worship. To the Wahhabis' discredit, al-Jabarti reported the 1803 massacre at Ta'if, where Wahhabi
11285:
Ibn Taymiyya spent a large portion of his life in prison for his teachings; his last imprisonment was caused by his issuance of a legal opinion reportedly denouncing the visitation of the Prophet's grave... He was arrested, imprisoned without trial, and by a decree of the sultan, which was read out
6432:
Muhammad ibn ῾Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792), was a scholar and Hanbali jurist who called for a return to the fundamental sources of Islamic revelation, the Qur᾽an and sunna (example of Muhammad) for direct interpretation, resulting in decreased attention to and reliance upon medieval interpretations of
4105:
for the sorcerer is "that he be struck with the sword". Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab asserted that both the Christian and Jewish religions had improperly made the graves of their prophet into places of worship and warned Muslims not to imitate this practice. Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab concluded that "The ways of the
1540:, who followed his recommendations. However, he withdrew from any active military and political activities of the Emirate of Diriyah and devoted himself to educational endeavours, preaching, and worship. His last major activity in state affairs was in 1202/1787; when he called on the people to give
9473:
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb employs this proof in pursuit of a more radical conclusion than the one reached by Ibn Taymiyya. He uses it to inveigh against the entire educational institution surrounding Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), which he takes as emblematic of the sad state of learning in Islam"... "Ibn
3705:
and Abdullah Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Sayf. Much of the Wahhabi teachings such as opposition to saint-cults, radical denunciation of blind-following medieval commentaries, adherence to Scriptures and other revivalist thoughts came from Muhammad Hayyat. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's revivalist efforts were based on a
745:, being agreed-upon by majority of the classical Islamic scholars. Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab had encountered various excessive beliefs and practices associated with saint-veneration and saint-cults which were prevalent in his area. During that era, various supernatural rituals and beliefs associated with
11383:
He was a strong supporter of ibn Taimiyyah—publishing his works—as well as of the scholars of Najd—publishing their works in his magazine and in a separate anthology entitled Majmooah al-Rasaail wa al-Masaail al-Najdiyyah. In his introduction to al-Sahwasaani's refutation of Dahlaan, Ridha, in a
6005:
circles because it is considered to be a relatively objective and unofficial treatment of the subject. However, unlike Ibn Ghannam and Ibn Bishr, its author did not live in Najd and his work contains various tales, apocryphal and legendary materials concerning the details of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's
12608:
In the Arabian Peninsula and especially in Saudi Arabia, Salafism can be traced to the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792). This version of Salafism was and is primarily reformist. It is not revolutionary. Usually, the term "Wahhabism" is used to characterize Salafism in Saudi
11332:
Muhammad Basheer ibn Muhammad al-Sahsawaani from India (1250–1326 A.H.). He was a scholar from India who went to Makkah and met with and debated Dahlaan. Later he wrote a large volume refuting the false claims and misinterpretations of Dahlaan, entitled Sayaanah al-Insaan an Waswasah al-Shaikh
10017:
Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb came to Madina as a relatively young scholar and studied under Muhammad Hayyā al-Sindi.... Scholars have described Muhammad Hayyā as having an impor- tant influence on Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb, encouraging him in his developing determination to denounce rigid imitation of
3641:) constituted the essence of all virtous actions and upheld its superiority over dull ritualism. As a deferential and accomplished jurist with the experience of religious training under numerous masters in his travels, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab opposed the rigid, hardline views of the tradition-bound
1350:
to transform the local socio-religious status quo and also safeguard Wahhabism's territorial base from external pressure. After consolidating his position in Diriyah, he wrote to the rulers and clerics of other towns; appealing them to embrace his doctrines. While some heeded his calls, others
3514:
of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, differed on various issues without denunciation, so long as the text was not clear. It is upon the believer to place his concern and intent to know the command of God and His Messenger in those matters of disagreement, and to act
3368:
in various parts of the world, while Wahhabism refers to the specific Saudi school, which is seen as a more strict form of Salafism. However, modern scholars remark that Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's followers adopted the term "Salafi" as a self-designation much later. His early followers denominated
4039:. Despite his great aversion to venerating the saints after their earthly passing and seeking their intercession, it should nevertheless be noted that Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab did not deny the existence of saints as such; on the contrary, he acknowledged that "the miracles of saints (
11913:
4281:
Another Hanbali scholar whom Ibn Humayd portrays as a central figure in rejecting Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's doctrine was Ibn Fayruz Al-Tamimi al-Ahsai (1729/30 – 1801/02). Ibn Fayruz publicly repudiated Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's teachings when he sent an envoy to him. Ibn Fayruz then wrote to
2950:"I am a man of social standing in my village and the people respect my word. This led some chieftains to reject my call, because I called them to what contradicts the traditions they were raised to uphold.... the chieftains directed their criticism and enmity towards our enjoining
4376:
According to various historical records, Sulayman repented and joined the religious mission of his brother. However, there is a disagreement regarding his repentance. While earlier Najdi chroniclers like Ibn Ghannam reported he repented and embraced Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's cause in
3306:. Instead, he has a function within creation and for the created beings. Rather than being viewed as an extraordinary performer of miracles, Muhammad should instead be upheld as a model of emulation. By depriving the person of Muḥammad of all supernatural aspects not related to
12630:
11952:
4661:, call sincerely to monotheism and direct worship in all of its forms solely to The Creator of creation alone. Some people resisted him; they were used to rigidity in following what their forefathers did and they armoured themselves with laziness instead of seeking the truth."
4482:
Rashid Rida contended that Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was a victim of persecution by the combined oppression of three forces: i) the power of state and its rulers ii) power of hypocritical scholars and iii) power of tyrannical commoners. Fiercely rebuking his opponents, Rashid Rida
11262:
4) The Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) forbade visiting his grave in a certain manner, though visiting his grave is among the best of deeds. 5) The Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) forbade us making excessive visits to his
4235:
of the controversy. Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Humayd's 19th century biographical dictionary sheds light on those Hanbali scholars. However, the reliability of his biography itself is disputed for its inherent biases, which portrays Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and his followers as
649:
4525:
Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was retired from active public life. Ali Bey asserts that unlike the fair-minded Muhammad Ibn Saud; his son 'Abd Al-Azeez began employing a "convert or die" approach for the acquirment of wealth and stabilising the state. Ali Bey writes in his
1126:. Ibn Ghurayr threatened Ibn Mu'ammar by denying him the ability to collect a land tax for some properties that Ibn Mu'ammar owned in Al-Hasa if he did not kill or drive away from Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab. Consequently, Ibn Mu'ammar forced Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab to leave.
10896:
4939:. In Nadwi's opinion, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was able to make outstanding efforts with far-reaching impact compared to other contemporary reformers since he played the role of a revolutionary reformer whose initiatives were implemented through a newly established
4381:, later historians like Ibn Bishr simply mentions his departure to Diriyah with his family and his last years under the protection of Diriyah, while being allowed by state-allotted stipend. A letter attributed to Sulayman also mentions his public repentance.
848:, and recommended him as a student. Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab and al-Sindhi became very close, and Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab stayed with him for some time. Muhammad Hayya taught Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab to reject popular religious practices associated with
1725:
in 1824. Due to her travels, she was often referred to by her appellation "Lady of the Two Migrations". As the daughter of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, Fatimah became a role model for Arabian women active in educational efforts and various social undertakings.
1747:, with whom they share power, and has included several religious scholars and officials. The arrangement between the two families is based on the Al Saud maintaining the Al ash-Sheikh's authority in religious matters and upholding and propagating the
1592:, recognised by his critics as moderate and fair-minded, would succeed him as the dominant Wahhabi cleric. The Wahhabi cause would flourish for more than two decades after Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's death; until the defeat of the First Saudi State in the
11333:
Dahlaan.".. "Similarly, al-Sahsawaani stated that he met more than one scholar of the followers of ibn Abdul-Wahhaab and he read many of their books and he did not find any evidence for the false claim that they declared "non-Wahhabis" disbelievers
10018:
medieval commentaries and to utilize informed individual analysis (ijtihād). Muhammad Hayyà also taught Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb a rejection of popular religious practices associated with saints and their tombs that is similar to later Wahhābi teachings.
3069:
to what he viewed as humanely unattainable levels. He condemned the establishment clergy as a class of oppressors who ran a "tyranny of wordly possessions" by exploiting the masses to make money out of their religious activities. The teachings of
1241:) in 1744. Once Al-Sa'ud made Dir'iyya a safe haven, Wahhabis from other towns took refuge. These included dissenters from Ibn Mu'ammar clan who had sworn allegiance to Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. The nucleus of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's supporters all across
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The historian and Azhari scholar Abdul-Rahmaan al-Jabarti (1167–1237 A.H.) was very influenced and impressed by the followers of ibn Abdul-Wahhaab and he spread their thoughts in Egypt. He saw in them the greatest potential to revive the Muslim
4121:
despite his at times vehement denunciations of other religious groups for their supposedly heretical beliefs, Ibn Abd al Wahhab never called for their destruction or death ... he assumed that these people would be punished in the Afterlife ..."
3200:(Prophetic biography) works such as trees and stones allegedly expressing veneration for Muḥammad, purification of Muhammad's heart by angels, etc. which suggested that Muḥammad possessed characteristics that transcend those of ordinary humans.
6486:
lbn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d.1791) Saudi fuabian conservative theologian, Hanbali jurist, reformer, and ideologue of the Wahhabi movement. Prodaimed the necessity of returning directly to the Quran and hadith, rather than relying on medieval
5158:, whose importance cannot be over-emphasized, incorporated dynamism into the very heart of Islam. When Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab criticized local customs in Arabia on the basis of their incongruence with the past he was indeed trying to get back to a
11905:
3177:
religious circles during the twelfth Islamic century. These included negating those concepts and beliefs that bestowed the Prophet with mystical attributes that elevated Muhammad beyond the status of ordinary humans. In his introduction to
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as well as the treatises of the 4 schools of thought. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab argued that Qur'an condemned blind emulation of forefathers and nowhere did it stipulate scholarly credentials for a person to refer to it directly. His advocacy of
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This brief essay is of tremendous significance for the Wahhabi mission and the subject of enduring controversy between supporters and detractors. It represents the core of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's teaching and the foundation of the Wahhabi
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a clearly defined religious mission, the alliance provided the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion. Deducing from his bitter experiences in 'Uyaynah, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab had understood the necessity of political backing from a strong
808:, taking pride in the proliferation of his strict adherence to the Qur'an, Sunnah and way of the companions of Muhammad, though his teachings had been considered heterodox and misguided by some Sunni Muslim scholars who ascribed to the
4297:
According to Ibn Humayd, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's father criticized his son for his unwillingness to specialize in jurisprudence and disagreed with his doctrine and declared that he would be the cause of wickedness. Similarly his brother,
1220:"You are the settlement's chief and wise man. I want you to grant me an oath that you will perform jihad against the unbelievers. In return, you will be imam, leader of the Muslim community and I will be leader in religious matters."
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by qualified persons through strict adherence to Scriptures in reforming society. His thoughts reflected the major trends apparent in the 18th-century Islamic reform movements. Unlike other reform movements which were restricted to
4043:) are not to be denied, and their right guidance by God is acknowledged" when they acted properly during their life. Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab opposing the practice of the pilgrimage of the saint's tombs as it is considered as
6054:
796:, the stay at which seems to have been "decisive in shaping the later direction of his thought." In Medina, he met a Hanbali theologian from Najd named ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibrāhīm al-Najdī, who had been a supporter of the works of
2941:
Rejecting the allegations of his detractors who accused him of ex-communicating whoever didn't follow his doctrines, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab maintained that he only advocated orthodox Sunni doctrines. In a letter addressed to the
9148:
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab included in the category of such acts popular religious practices that made holy men into intercessors with God. That was the core of the controversy between him and his adversaries, including his
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announced its plans for large-scale development of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's domain Diriyah; to establish a national cultural site in Diriyah and turn it into a major tourist attraction. Other features in the area include the
944:
which was still an active center of Islamic culture. During his stay in Basra, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab studied Hadith and Fiqh under the Islamic scholar Muhammad al-Majmu'i. In Basra, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab came into contact with
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of the 20th century, rather than Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's socio-religious reformism. Although many Salafi-Jihadists maybe inspired by Wahhabi ideals, it doesn't credibly explain their inclinations towards lethal violence.
3862:(usury) as well as the practice of presenting judges with gifts, which according to him, was nothing more than bribing. He also opposed and brought an end to numerous un-Islamic taxes that were forced upon the people.
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4497:, intent on looting and theft. They allowed shedding the blood of Muslims and non-Muslims, just to earn a living. They took their tyrants as judges in every matter and denied many aspects of Islam on which there is
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Riexinger, Martin (2022). "2: Model, Not Idol The Recasting of the Image of Muḥammad in Mukhtaṣar sīrat al-rasūl by Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (d. 1792)". In Chih, Rachida; Jordan, David; Reichmuth, Stefan (eds.).
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peacefully through sermons. Starting from 1742, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab would shift towards an activist stance; and began to implement his reformist ideas. First, he persuaded Ibn Mu'ammar to help him level the tomb of
692:, which was the school of law most prominently practiced in the area. In fact, Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab's own family "had produced several doctors of the school," with his father, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, having been the Hanbali
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signed by 200 descendants of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab that the name of the mosque be changed, because according to their statement "it does not carry its true Salafi path", even though most Qataris adhere to Wahhabism.
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but then showed enmity towards it and hindered people from it; as well as the one who worshipped idols after he came to know that this is the religion of the polytheists and beautified it for the people .. every
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Ibn Abd al-Wahhab described jihad as an activity that must always have a religious justification and can only be declared by the religious leader (imam) and whose intent and purpose must be strictly defensive in
4247:
Ibn Humayd's maternal lineage, Al-Turki, was of some local renown for its religious scholars, including two men who opposed the Wahhabi movement. One of them, named Ibn Muhammad, compared Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab with
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Consequently, 'Abd al-Wahhab noted that although visiting Muhammad's grave was a worthy act it must not be done in a spirit or intent that compromises monotheism. Finally, prayer should never be conducted in a
1256:. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab would be responsible for religious matters and Ibn Saud in charge of political and military issues. This agreement became a "mutual support pact" and power-sharing arrangement between the
5113:
4834:" (The Propaganda against Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab) in defense of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. Thus, many activists of Deobandi persuasion view Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's movement as an example for establishing an
3788:) his speech and his actions. We only place our reliance on, seek help from, beseech aid from and place our confidence in all our dealings in Allah Most High. He is enough for us, the best trustee, the best
3290:. In Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's view, miracles are of little significance in the life of Muḥammad in comparison to that of the previous prophets, since central to his prophethood were the institutionalisation of
905:) were also shaped by Al-Sindhi. Sindi encouraged his student to reject folk practices associated with graves and saints. Various themes in Al-Sindi's writings, such as his opposition to erecting tombs and
5980:(The Glorious History of Najd). Ibn Bishr's chronicle, which stops at the year 1854, was written a generation later than Ibn Ghannam's but is considered valuable partly because Ibn Bishr was a native of
3523:(Four rules on which rulings revolve), Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab fiercely attacked the prevalent Hanbali Fiqh opinions; with a broader view of re-orienting the Fiqh tradition. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab challenged the
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is sufficient in becoming a Muslim. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab did not agree with this. He asserted that an individual who believed in the existence of intercessors or intermediaries alongside God was guilty of
10164:
10110:
10080:
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3901:(ward/guardian) to compel minor daughters into marriage without consent. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab also stipulated the permission of the guardian as a condition in marriage (in line with traditional Hanbali,
1103:, whose shrine was revered by locals. Secondly, he ordered the cutting down of trees considered sacred by locals, cutting down "the most glorified of all of the trees" himself. Third, he organized the
1192:. After some time in Diriyah, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab concluded his second and more successful agreement with a ruler. Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud agreed that, together, they would bring the
12298:
12224:
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Certain themes that Hayat al-Sindl discussed in his writings, such as his opposition to erecting tombs and drawing human images, would soon resurface in the teachings of Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Wahhab.
3720:) as an obstacle to the progress of Muslims, he dedicated himself to educating the masses for them to be vanguards of Islam. According to Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the degradation and lagging behind of
3123:, i.e., laymen following the scholars only after seeking evidences. The prevalent legal system was, in his view, a "factory for the production of slavish emulators" symbolic of Muslim decline.
1129:
The early Wahhabis had been protected by Ibn Mu'ammar in 'Uyayna, despite being persecuted in other settlements. As soon as Ibn Mu'ammar disowned them, Wahhabis were subject to excommunication (
3856:, he harshly rebuked the practice of leaving endowments to prevent the rightful heirs (particularly the females) from receiving their deserved inheritance. He also objected to various forms of
1640:(1751–1829), Hassan, Ali (died 1829), Ibrahim and 'Abdulazeez who died in his youth. Four of his sons, Hussain, Abdullah, Ali and Ibrahim, established religious schools close to their home in
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and Riyadh, which lasted until 1187/1773, barring some interruptions. First conquering Najd, Muhammad ibn Saud's forces expanded the Wahhabi influence to most of the present-day territory of
4201:"He gave no order to spill blood or to fight against the majority of the heretics and the misguided until they started ruling that he and his followers were to be killed and excommunicated."
11276:
9006:
Riexinger, Martin (2022). "2: Model, Not Idol The Recasting of the Image of Muḥammad in Mukhtaṣar sīrat al-rasūl by Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (d. 1792)". In Chih, Rachida; Jordan, David;
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2865:(polytheism or idolatry). This was the major difference between him and his opponents, and led him to label his adversaries who engaged in folk rituals associated with such beliefs to be
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800:(d. 1328), who holds an exceptionally high position in Islamic history. Many Sunni Muslim scholars who adhere to a scripture-focused orthodox methodology praise Ibn Taymiyyah to be a
9723:
Thus, the mission's devotees contend that 'Wahhabism' is a misnomer for their efforts to revive correct Islamic belief and practice. Instead of the Wahhabi label, they prefer either
5195:. Moreover, the regional background of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's intellectual efforts in the chaotic context of the 18th-century Arabian Peninsula had been distinct from the 21st century
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for various reasons, including in cases wherein she despised her husband. He also prohibited the killing of women, children and various non-combatants such as monks, elderly, blind,
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actually derives from his father's name, ʿAbd al-Wahhab. Many adherents consider the label "Wahhabism" as a derogatory term coined by his opponents, and prefer it to be known as the
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verses related to the event. He also used these and other similar incidents to undermine the belief regarding prophets being completely free from sin, error, or Satanic afflictions.
3876:
The legal writings of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab reflected a general concern of female welfare and justice. In line with this approach, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab denounced the practice of instant
3675:, and intent behind pronouncing legal verdicts which addressed various themes such as societal justice and safeguarding women. He also believed in a holistic legal understanding of
2886:(excuse of ignorance), wherein any ignorant person unaware of core Islamic teachings is excused by default until clarification. As per this doctrine, those who fell into beliefs of
6352:"Sahih al-Bukhari 4366 - Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi) - كتاب المغازى - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"
4274:, wherein he attended lessons of men known for strong anti-Wahhabi convictions. Ibn Humayd's compatibility with Ottoman religious outlook made him eligible for the post of Ottoman
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rather than relying on medieval interpretations, and insisted that every Muslim – male and female – personally read and study the Quran. He opposed
12465:"Journalists and experts, as well as spokespeople of the world, have said that Wahhabism is the source of the overwhelming majority of terrorist atrocities in today's world, from
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1504:, withdrew from public life and devoted himself to teaching, preaching and worshipping. Meanwhile, 'Abd al-Azeez would proceed with his military campaigns, conquering towns like
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constitute the primary ideological nemesis of groups such as Al-Qaeda. Since the Saudi population overwhelmingly prefers their traditional religious institutions and scholars to
11974:
4310:), alleging that Muhammad was ill-educated and intolerant, and classing his views as fringe and fanatical. Sulayman's first anti-Wahhabi treatise was followed by a second book,
1466:
and its allies, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab excommunicated the inhabitants of Huraymila and declared it as a duty of Wahhabi soldiers to fight them as apostates. He also quoted several
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Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab concerned himself with the social reformation of his people. As an 18th-century reformer, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al Wahhab called for the re-opening of
3225:, etc. who had emphasised the complete independence of the Prophet from any form of error or sin. Following Ibn Taymiyya, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab affirmed the incident of
1565:. He left behind four daughters and six sons. Many of his sons became clerics of greater or lesser distinction. The descendants of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab are known as the
12352:
5162:, but that is a very modern thing to do... What the Wahhabis were doing was to criticize current society and seek to undermine the existing order, something that the earlier
4487:"The best weapon they brandished against him was that he contradicted the majority of Muslims. Who were the majority of Muslims Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab contradicted in his
1379:. Rulers of various towns across Najd pledged their allegiance to Ibn Suʿūd. This situation changed drastically around 1158/1746; when the powerful anti-Wahhabi chieftain of
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2123:
1862:
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and the Wahhabi clerics had begun to emerge during the interval between Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's retirement from front-line politics in 1773 and his death in 1792. Although the
1435:
In 1753–4, the Wahhabis were confronted by an alarming number of towns renouncing allegiance and aligning with their opponents. Most prominent amongst these was the town of
923:(pre-Islamic era). In a significant encounter between a young Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab and Al-Sindhi reported by the Najdi historian 'Uthman Ibn Bishr (d. 1288 A.H./ 1871/2 C.E.):
727:(d. 1223), one of the most influential medieval representatives of the Hanbali school, whose works were regarded "as having great authority" in the Najd. The affirmation of
7495:: "Ibn Taymiyya only followed Prophetic statements and statements of the Prophet's companions and Muslim imams that prohibit innovating in the religion." (September 2013).
522:, which was the school most prevalent in his area of birth. He promoted strict adherence to traditional Islamic law, proclaiming the necessity of returning directly to the
4179:
On the other hand, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb and his supporters held that they were the victims of aggressive warfare; accusing their opponents of starting the pronouncements of
681:
in the area. For this reason, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab had modest access to Islamic education during his youth. Despite this, the area had nevertheless produced several notable
5767:
Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab has been described as a "prolific writer" whose scholarly treatises are collected into fourteen large volumes; which consists of various legal books,
5225:
portrayals of Wahhabi movement as "ultra-conservative" or "stagnant", noting its dynamic nature and capability of multiple interpretations. Professor Satoru Nakamura of
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By 1802, the Ottomans were mounting a doctrinal campaign, sending official tracts refuting Wahhabi positions and likening them to the Kharijites of early Islamic times.
5720:
presiding over the occasion. The mosque has the capacity to host a congregation of 30,000 people. In 2017, there was a request published in the Saudi Arabian newspaper
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whose purpose must be strictly defensive in nature. Justifying the Wahhabi military campaigns as defensive operations against their enemies, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab asserts:
9453:
6827:
1266:
and followers of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, which had remained in place for nearly 300 years, providing the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion. Reviving the teachings of
7321:, ed. Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1398/1978), 59: "e believe in what has come via sound transmission through trustworthy narrators (
11825:
11251:
ibn Abdul Wahhab, Muhammad. "Chapter 22 The protectiveness of Al-Mustafa (May Allah be pleased with him) of Tawhid and his blockading every path leading to Shirk".
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6867:
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took inspiration from the spiritual impetus set in motion in the 18th century by Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab. Crediting Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab for his contributions to
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in worship". Through his writings, Al-Jabarti repeatedly stressed that the beliefs and doctrines championed by Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab were nothing other than orthodox
4372:?" "Five," he answered. Sulayman replied, "No, you have added a sixth one: He who does not follow you is not a Muslim. This, to you, is the sixth pillar of Islam."
3173:
was written with the purpose of explaining Muhammad's role in universal history by undermining certain prophetologic conceptions that had come to prominence among
9379:..Muhammad Hayya al-Sindi in Medina influenced a shift on the part of Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab towards criticism of taqlīd and many popular religious practices
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12414:
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8303:
12452:
10118:
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and veneration of graves. Thus, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb's conception of history emphasised the necessity to follow the role-model of Muḥammad and re-establish the
12257:
4981:"I dare anyone to bring a single alphabetical letter from the Sheikh's books that goes against the book of Allah and the teachings of his prophet, Muhammad."
609:
Despite being opposed or rejected by some of his contemporary critics amongst the religious clergy, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab charted a religio-political pact with
4436:
movement and study of their creedal works; he came to the conclusion that the allegation that they excommunicated "non-Wahhabis" were false and slanderous.
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1375:
endeavour. Between 1744 and 1746, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's preaching continued in the same non-violent manner as before and spread widely across the people of
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12234:
10046:
5136:" movement; pointing out the discrepancy between the Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's teachings, some of his later followers and the actions of contemporary militant
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does not prevent prophets from committing minor sins or speaking false things. This differed from the alternative understanding of Sunni theologians like
6107:
5927:
5563:
2118:
1857:
584:
jurist, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab minimized reliance on medieval legal manuals, instead engaging in direct interpretation of religious scriptures, based on the
11353:
12595:
6189:... they are ghayr muqallidun ('non-adherents'), and do not see themselves as belonging to any school, any more than the first Muslim generations did.
4911:
and eradicated superstitious rites prevalent amongst the illiterate masses of Central Arabia. Nadwi compared his movement to that of the contemporary
2931:
of the one who associates partners with Allāh in His sole right of worship (ilāhiyyah), after we have made clear to him the proof for the futility of
617:, the first Saudi state, and began a dynastic alliance and power-sharing arrangement between their families which continues to the present day in the
12544:
5482:
5444:
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movement. According to other sources, Salafis are fundamentally opposed to the ideology of Al-Qaeda. According to various Western media outlets, the
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and called on the laity to follow scholars only after asking for Scriptural evidences. Most noticeably, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab rejected the authority of
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punishments. Contrary to prevalent religious beliefs, Muḥammad was not portrayed as the central purpose of creation in the historical conception of
1022:
As a gifted communicator with a talent for breaking down his ideas into shorter units, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab entitled his treatises with terms such as
15323:
15141:
12199:
12176:
10434:(Muslims -- Biography -- Saudi Arabia, Wahhābīyah -- Biography -- Saudi Arabia). Translated by M. Rafiq Khan. Idaratul Buhoosil Islamia. p. 10
8864:
J. DeLong-Bas, Natana (2022). "1: The Role of Women in Solidifying Eighteenth-Century Revival and Reform Initiatives into Ongoing Mass Movements".
7492:
7090:
4885:, the Seal of the Prophets; ... abandoning heresies and sins, establishing the abandoned rituals of Islam, and venerating its violated sanctities."
2230:
2197:
4603:(1882-1963 C.E) praised Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's reform endeavour as a "promising voice" that sparked spiritual and intellectual Awakening across the
4392:(d. 1886), wrote an anti-Wahhabi treatise, in which he listed the religious practices that the Najdi Hanbalis considered idolatrous: visiting the
4189:
were strictly defensive. The memory of the unprovoked military offensive launched by Dahhām ibn Dawwās (fl. 1187/1773), the powerful chieftain of
4140:
during his lifetime, accusing him of disregarding Islamic history, monuments, traditions and the sanctity of Muslim life. His critics were mainly
3923:
In addition to these, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab also defended married women's right to maintenance from her husband; as well as bride's right to receive
3728:, emphasizing that progress could be achieved only by firmly adhering to Islam. He also campaigned against popular Sufi practices associated with
15339:
9983:
Voll, John (1975). "Muḥammad Ḥayyā al-Sindī and Muḥammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab: An Analysis of an Intellectual Group in Eighteenth-Century Madīna".
2242:
1371:), Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab called upon his students to master the path of reasoning and proselytising over warfare to convince other Muslims of their
1212:"This oasis is yours, do not fear your enemies. By the name of God, if all Nejd was summoned to throw you out, we will never agree to expel you."
15653:
12826:
3119:
to directly refer to the foundational texts of revelation. He advocated a form of scholarly authority based upon the revival of the practice of
882:(Islamic jurisprudence) and various legal opinions in his writings, by and large forming views based on his direct understanding of Scriptures.
15603:
9403:
7348:
Radtke, B.; Lory, P.; Zarcone, Th.; DeWeese, D.; Gaborieau, M.; Denny, F. M.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J. O.; Mchugh, N. (2012) . "Walī". In
5992:(The Brilliance of the Meteor) written by an anonymous author who respectfully disapproved of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's movement, regarding it as a
4990:
During the early 21st century Western security discourse, Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's movement, Wahhabism, was often associated with various
2534:
10197:. Riyadh: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Dawah and Guidance, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. pp. 20–22, 44, 134–139, 164–165.
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who traveled across Arabia to pray at Mecca each year", and intended to either subjugate them to his doctrine or overthrow them. A handful of
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15085:
11095:
8773:
2182:
4197:(History of Najd) that Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb did not order the use of violence until his enemies excommunicated him and deemed his blood licit:
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15129:
11147:
Later reports claim that Sulayman eventually repented his errors, but those may well represent efforts to smooth over the historical record
5132:
On the other hand, contemporary Western historians and researchers have taken a more nuanced approach on the history and evolution of the "
2267:
2192:
12699:
1038:("foundations"), simplifying his texts point by point for mass reading. Calling upon the people to follow his call for religious revival (
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8233:
7480:
Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said “Every innovation is going astray, and every going astray will be in the Fire.”
5145:
2218:
22:
13791:
11703:
9690:
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was the only historian to have observed the beginnings of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's movement first-hand. His chronicle ends at the year 1797.
507:
The label "Wahhabi" is not claimed by his followers but rather employed by Western scholars as well as his critics. Born to a family of
15412:
13826:
12448:
7674:
M. Naf'i, Basheer (2006). "A Teacher of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb: Muḥammad Ḥayāt al-Sindī and the Revival of Asḥāb al-Ḥadīth's Methodology".
7606:
M. Naf'i, Basheer (2006). "A Teacher of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb: Muḥammad Ḥayāt al-Sindī and the Revival of Asḥāb al-Ḥadīth's Methodology".
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6723:
6445:
6133:
4959:(excommunication) and sanction bloodshed against the followers of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, forcing Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab to launch a defensive
2667:
1547:
1446:
The ensuing battles and the re-capture of Huraymila in 1168/1755, constituted a significant development in Wahhabi expansionist stage.
1086:
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's call gradually began to attract followers, including the ruler of 'Uyayna, Uthman ibn Mu'ammar. Upon returning to
12153:
11966:
9937:
Ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Asimi, 'Abdur-Rahman (1996). "في أصول مأخذهم" [Fi Usul Ma'khadahum (On the origins of their take)].
9891:
Ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Asimi, 'Abdur-Rahman (1996). "في أصول مأخذهم" [Fi Usul Ma'khadahum (On the origins of their take)].
9855:
Ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Asimi, 'Abdur-Rahman (1996). "في أصول مأخذهم" [Fi Usul Ma'khadahum (On the origins of their take)].
8843:(in Arabic). Translated by M. Abahsain, Muhammad; A. al-Furaih, Mohammad (First ed.). Reading, UK: Ithaca Press. pp. 32–34.
5191:
teachings were a rationalist enterprise that sought to eradicate superstitions widespread in the context of tribal rivalry within the
3257:(Oneness of Worship), Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab rejected the idea that anybody could act as intercessor between God and man by employing the
2946:
scholar Abdul Rahman Al-Suwaidi who had sought clarification over the rumours spread against his mission, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab explains:
12763:
10906:
9816:
9250:
5461:
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from her groom. He also strongly campaigned against domestic abuses against women, enjoining men to treat their wives with kindness.
2524:
7910:"Reconceptualizing the Global Transformation of Islam in the Colonial Period: Early Islamic Reform in British-Ruled India and Egypt"
5140:
groups. Various scholars assert that many writings of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab were revised during the 19th century by authorities of the
3635:
and often strongly objected to literalist approaches and ritualism of religion that came with it. He believed that pure intentions (
1439:, which had pledged allegiance to Dir'iyah in 1747. However, by 1752, a group of rebels encouraged by Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb's brother,
15658:
15112:
14039:
9467:
M. Bunzel, Cole (2018). "MANIFEST ENMITY: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)".
4617:
scholar 'Abd al-Qadir ibn Badran (1864-1927 C.E/ 1280-1346 A.H) praised the efforts of Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab in his treatise
4323:
2187:
1500:
had surrendered. The capture of Riyadh marked the point at which Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab delegated all affairs of governing to
13162:
12481:. In addition, Saudi media sources have identified Wahhabi agents from Saudi Arabia as being responsible for terrorist attacks on
9188:
9143:
9110:
7454:
Ajhar A. Hakim: "In Islamic history, Ibn Taymiyya holds an exceptionally high position as an intellect in regard to his theories"
7194:
3089:(legal schools) and didn't consider it obligatory to follow a particular madhab. Rather, in his view, the obligation is to follow
2813:
in the Hadith literature. It preaches that worship in Islam includes conventional acts of worship such as the five daily prayers (
1689:
ideals and taught numerous men and women. Fatimah travelled a lot and remained unmarried throughout her life in order to research
14541:
11192:
10844:
10810:
10779:
8972:
7524:
Taqi al-Din al-Hisni referred to Ibn Taymiyyah as a "heretic from Harran"; see Rapoport, Yossef; Ahmed, Shahab (1 January 2010).
7238:
2529:
6993:
Traboulsi, Samer (January 2002). Brunner, Rainer (ed.). "An Early Refutation of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb's Reformist Views".
3932:
Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab believed in social participation of women for communal solidarity; as per Islamic codes of modesty (
3115:) as a fundamentally corrupt institution, seeking a radical reform of scholarly institutions and preached the obligation of all
14546:
12865:
5713:
5686:
5281:
4513:
the Wahhabis were pleasant and well-organized. According to Ali Bey, there were major differences in the political approach of
4010:
against his followers. Justifying the Wahhabi military campaigns as primarily defensive operations, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab asserts:
14873:
792:, where the scholars appear to have held opinions and espoused teachings that were unpalatable to him. After this, he went to
15001:
13639:
13120:
12578:
12527:
11885:
11860:
11800:
11775:
11713:
11615:
11436:
11400:. Riyadh: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Dawah and Guidance The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. pp. 213, 242–43.
10697:
10610:
10570:
10357:
10332:
10307:
9501:
9429:
9298:
9273:
9219:
9044:
9019:
8873:
8848:
8734:
8654:
8626:
8568:
8528:
8414:
8381:
8164:
8139:
8103:
8060:
7996:
6887:
6540:
6502:
6425:
6385:
3702:
3250:
3077:
821:
287:
9445:
7300:, ed. Fawqiyya Ḥusayn Maḥmūd (Cairo: Dār al-Anṣār, 1397/1977), 31, 33: "It is possible for God to single out the righteous (
6817:
4717:, accusing him of 'blindlly' following the Hanbali school. Al-Albani also challenged Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's credentials in the
4364:
in Mecca, recorded the account of the dispute between Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and his brother Sulayman, reporting that:
4193:, on Diriyya in 1746 was deeply engrained in the Wahhabi tradition. Early Wahhabi chronicler Ibn Ghannām states in his book
3312:(revelation) and Divine intervention, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab also re-inforced his rejection of beliefs and practices related to
9239:[Ninth Message: his Message to the Common Muslims]. In Bin Zaid Al-Roumi; Beltaji, Muhammad; Hijab, Sayyed (eds.).
7962:
Peskes, Esther (1999). "The Wahhabiyya and Sufism in the Eighteenth Century". In De Jong, Frederick; Radtke, Bernd (eds.).
5610:
3770:
3632:
1399:, eradicating various popular practices they viewed as akin to polytheism and propagating the doctrines of ʿAbd al-Wahhab.
11817:
11320:. Riyadh: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Dawah and Guidance The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. pp. 218, 234.
3494:
takes precedence over the opinions of any other scholar, even if it went against the agreement of the eponyms of the four
2713:
from what he perceived as non-Islamic popular religious beliefs and practices by returning to what, he believed, were the
10249:
Ibn Abd al-Wahhab called for the reopening of ijtihad (independent legal judgment) by qualified persons to reform Islam..
872:
145:
12926:
11371:. Riyadh: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Dawah and Guidance The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. pp. 172–73.
15628:
14315:
14231:
13749:
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13704:
13674:
13590:
13556:
13522:
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13441:
13433:
13407:
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12137:
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12068:
12035:
11202:
11103:
11073:
10854:
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10412:
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9182:
9137:
9104:
8258:
8227:
7395:
7204:
6682:
5394:
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from various superstitions and polytheistic beliefs. Praising Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's efforts, Muhammad Rashīd Ridá wrote:
4657:
Some people supported him and made their worship solely to The One God following his path, which was to establish pure
4213:. In contrast, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab profoundly despised the "decorous, arty tobacco-smoking, music happy, drum pounding,
14927:
12404:
10352:(in Arabic). Translated by M. Abahsain, Muhammad; A. al-Furaih, Mohammad (First ed.). Reading, UK: Ithaca Press.
5237:
field has found that Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's scholarly methodology were based on the moderation of "Islamic Middle Way" (
4443:(d. 1935 C.E/ 1354 A.H) in his introduction to al-Sahsawani's refutation of Dahlan, described Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab as a
3683:, distinguishing between general rules applicable for all Muslims and rulings unique to various life-time situations.
3500:. In line with these principles, he encouraged all believers to engage directly with the Scriptures while respecting
3422:. Scholars like Adam J. Silverstein consider Wahhabi movement as "the most influential expression of Salafism of the
3059:
school in various points of law and in some cases, also departed from the positions of the 4 schools. In his treatise
1636:. When she died, he inherited her property and wealth. Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab had six sons; Hussain (died 1809),
913:
movement. Sindi instilled in Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab the belief that practices like beseeching the dead saints constituted
15598:
15567:
15417:
15331:
15165:
14491:
14483:
13875:
13285:
12957:
12725:
12669:
12653:
11681:. Riyadh: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Dawah and Guidance, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. p. 369.
11523:. Riyadh: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Dawah and Guidance: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. p. 171.
10650:
10323:"1: The Role of Women in Solidifying Eighteenth-Century Revival and Reform Initiatives into Ongoing Mass Movements".
10270:
10242:
10202:
9967:
9768:
9375:
Expanding the Wahhabi Mission: Saudi Arabia, the Islamic University of Medina and the Transnational Religious Economy
9323:
8356:
8328:
7867:
7808:
6970:
6521:
6479:
6335:
5583:
4803:
3957:
2757:, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab believed that much of Najd had descended into superstitious folk religion akin to the period of
2374:
2167:
1714:
1091:
11163:. Riyadh: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Dawah and Guidance The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. p. 209.
5233:, without studying the scholar's vast works and analysing historical nuances. Contemporary academic research in the
4286:
and requested Ottoman assistance to subjugate Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's followers, whom he referred to as the "seditious
4047:(heresy), such as the practice of the pilgrimage towards a tomb believed belong to a companion of the Prophet named
3968:
during feasts, weddings and various social gatherings. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's own daughter, Fatima was an influential
1248:
From a person who started his career as a lone activist, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab would become the spiritual guide of the
661:
Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab is generally acknowledged to have been born in 1703 into the sedentary and impoverished
625:, Saudi Arabia's leading religious family, are the descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, and have historically led the
15371:
15279:
12494:
12436:
9921:
9839:
5669:
5476:
5257:
5105:
3136:
11655:
Authoring reform: A comparative study of Martin Luther and Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab through cultural materialism
893:
system and disregard for technical juristic discussions involving legal principles, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb's views on
15473:
15175:
14551:
14150:
12896:
5069:
4815:
1637:
1605:
1589:
497:
191:
13699:
Valentine, S. R., "Force & Fanaticism: Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia and Beyond", Hurst & Co, London, 2015,
9608:
7370:
6657:
1569:
and they continued to hold a special position in the Saudi state throughout its history, which still continues.
15623:
15514:
14536:
14439:
14289:
13819:
13264:
13234:
12060:
11750:
11686:
11586:
11557:
11528:
11503:
11461:
11405:
11376:
11325:
11231:
11168:
11140:
11039:
10755:
10730:
10480:
10325:
Islam, Revival, and Reform: Redefining Tradition for the Twenty-First Century - Essays Inspired by John O. Voll
8866:
Islam, Revival, and Reform: Redefining Tradition for the Twenty-First Century - Essays Inspired by John O. Voll
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8484:
8200:
7971:
7892:
7771:
6940:
6754:
6707:
4518:
3985:
2660:
1537:
1501:
1447:
501:
13297:"The Violent Wahhabism and the Use of Islamic Texts to Justify Armed Violence Against Muslims and Non-Muslims"
4569:
and held the movement in high regard, viewing its doctrines as having a great prospective to spearhead future
3716:. His reformative efforts left exemplary marks on contemporary Islamic scholarship. Viewing Blind adherence (
3377:("Unitarians" or "those who affirm/defend the unity of God"), and were labeled "Wahhabis" by their opponents.
2741:; "The Book of Oneness"). He taught that the primary doctrine of Islam was the uniqueness and oneness of God (
1524:, was captured in 1201/1786 and by the 1780s; Wahhābīs were able to establish their jurisdiction over most of
13904:
12498:
12367:
11345:
9775:
AL-SALAFIYYA. .. It was not directly connected to the movement of Shaykh Muhammad Bin 'Abd al-Wahhab in Najd.
9340:
7828:
5456:
4459:. He was a strong supporter of Ibn Taymiyyah and scholars of Najd, publishing works in his magazine entitled
2384:
4326:(d. 1921 C.E) would respond to these accusations by asserting that Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab refrained from making
3272:. Although he hadn't denied miracles as an expression of Divine Omnipotence so long as they are attested by
2424:
15562:
14950:
14193:
12789:
12603:
12490:
5121:
5085:
3701:, Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was profoundly influenced by the revivalist doctrines taught by his teachers
3398:
movement since he called for a return to the pristine purity of the early eras of Islam by adhering to the
12552:
9496:. Vol. 2. Heirs of the Prophet: Authority and Power. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 44–73.
6547:
Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (1703–1791) conservative religious reformer who launched the Wahhabi movement.
1245:
retreated to Dir'iyyah and formed the vanguard of the insurgency launched by Al-Saud against other towns.
15151:
14724:
14471:
14466:
13957:
13799:
13465:
12085:
11298:
10180:
Commentary of Shaykh 'Abd Allah bin Shaykh Muhammad bin 'Abd al-Wahhab al-Najdi's Al-Hadiyyah al-Suniyyah
10142:
Commentary of Shaykh 'Abd Allah bin Shaykh Muhammad bin 'Abd al-Wahhab al-Najdi's Al-Hadiyyah al-Suniyyah
9007:
5117:
4894:
4565:(1753–1825 C.E) was a great admirer of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and his movement. He defended his doctrines in
4514:
4432:
in order to refute Dahlan. Sahsawani asserted that after his correspondence with various scholars of the
4209:
had officially begun to wage religious campaigns against the Wahhabis, issuing tracts condemning them as
4102:
3502:
1869:
1451:
1253:
1189:
11639:
al-Madkhal ila Madhhab al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (An Introduction to the Madhab of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal)
11632:
7078:
5496:
3830:
movements since the 18th century. Numerous significant socio-economic reforms would be advocated by the
3484:(prohibition) are clear in the Scriptures and those issues which are unclear should be left as ambiguous
1135:); exposing themselves to loss of lives and property. This experience of suffering reminded them of the
15535:
15504:
14521:
14162:
13582:
13494:
13399:
13178:
11927:
Ali Nadwi, Syed Abul Hasan (2004). "XI: Sons, Disciples and Eminent Contemporaries of Shah Waliullah".
10628:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
10588:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
10390:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153–1351/1741–1932)
9878:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
9789:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
8712:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
8697:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
8601:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
8586:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
8546:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
8506:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
8462:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
8432:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
7949:
Manifest Enmity: The Origins, Development, and Persistence of Classical Wahhabism (1153-1351/1741-1932)
6392:
He was not a great intellectual like Ibn Qudama, Ibn Taymiyya, or Ibn al-Qayyim but rather an activist.
5743:
4343:
4299:
3655:) could expiate the evil of sins committed in mistakes. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's legal approach began with
3426:
sort, both for its role in shaping (some might say: 'creating') modern Islamism, and for disseminating
3391:
3286:
represented an open protest against the exuberance of miracles that characterised later biographies of
3063:(Six Foundations), Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab vehemently rebuked his detractors for raising the description of
2162:
1986:
1812:
1497:
1440:
248:
9014:. Vol. 2. Heirs of the Prophet: Authority and Power. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 55.
7512:
and he also said: “Practicing a little of the Sunnah is far better than practicing many innovations.”
5949:
Two of the earliest sources for the biography of Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab and early history of the
3758:)". He described Tasawwuf as "the science of the deeds of the heart, which is known as the science of
1705:
the following year. As a result, she was again forced to emigrate along with her nephew; this time to
1624:
15608:
15016:
14362:
14033:
13812:
11843:
Syed, Jawad; Sewag, Zulqarnain (2016). Syed, Jawad; Pio, Edwina; Kamran, Tahir; Zaidi, Abbas (eds.).
9962:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 32, 50–51, 84, 94–95, 115–118, 158, 160, 240, 283–285.
9599:
9543:
7361:
6648:
6076:
5466:
5238:
4977:, said that the doctrine of Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was pure Islam, and said regarding his works:
4342:
Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was known to have had disagreements with both his father and his brother
4294:. The Wahhabis, in turn, came to view him as one of their worst enemies and an exemplar of idolatry.
3580:
3511:
3027:
2653:
2608:
1951:
1751:. In return, the Al ash-Sheikh support the Al Saud's political authority thereby using its religious-
1667:
826:
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's teacher, 'Abdallah ibn Ibrahim ibn Sayf, introduced the relatively young man to
336:
10933:"ص146 - أرشيف ملتقى أهل الحديث - سليمان بن عبد الوهاب تاب ورجع فهل راجعون - المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة"
6925:
Plans for socioreligious reform in society were based on the key doctrine of tawhid (oneness of God)
1044:) based on following the founding texts and the authoritative practices of the first generations of
677:
region of central Arabia. Before the emergence of the movement, there was a very limited history of
15638:
15613:
15392:
15006:
14566:
14526:
14198:
14188:
14183:
12400:
11705:
Rethinking Salafism: The Transnational Networks of Salafi 'Ulama in Egypt, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia
9595:
8801:
7357:
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5334:
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as an activity that must have a valid religious justification and which can only be declared by an
3972:
active in social and communal affairs and would influence subsequent generations of Arabian women.
3466:
Ambiguous issues in Scriptures are a mercy to the community and is neither forbidden nor obligatory
3265:
3148:
1739:(clerical establishment) of the Saudi state, dominating the state's religious institutions. Within
1416:
as an activity that must have a valid religious justification and which can only be declared by an
827:
13765:
11641:] (in Arabic). New York: Columbia University in City of New York: Libraries. pp. 229–230.
8765:
8171:
Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's formal output was limited. He was above all a preacher, teacher and activist.
6228:
3607:- two of the most important medieval Hanbali works for the regional clerics of Arabia - asserting:
3165:("Abridgement of the life of the Prophet"), an extensive biographical work on the Islamic prophet
14649:
14561:
14556:
14516:
14446:
14004:
13548:
13514:
13256:
13226:
13139:
9240:
7909:
6141:
5471:
4455:
magazine, Rashid Rida greatly contributed to the spread of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's teachings in the
4033:(Which he described as worship) or associating divinity to beings other than God, labeling it as
2571:
1553:
Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab fell ill and died in June 1792 C.E or 1206 A.H in the lunar month of
1317:
14674:
13600:
Wagemakers, Joas (2021). "Part 3: Fundamentalisms and Extremists – The Citadel of Salafism". In
12703:
10059:
From among the wonders is to find a Sufi who is a faqih and a scholar who is an ascetic (zahid).
9392:
5034:
with Wahhabis in the early 2000s; despite the fact that Taliban adhered to the doctrines of the
2311:
15090:
14804:
14729:
14586:
14496:
14434:
14252:
14224:
14133:
14086:
13980:
9174:
7779:
he specifically targeted only one particular extremist sect, the Rafidah, in only one treatise.
7456:
The Forgotten Rational Thinking in the Ḥanbalite Thought With Special Reference to Ibn Taymiyya
7417:
6036:
5513:
5451:
5309:
5180:
4921:(1703-1762 C.E/ 1114-1176 A.H) who had expounded similar ideas such as differentiating between
4918:
4401:
3342:
3102:
2714:
2439:
1875:
1337:
The 1744 pact between Muhammad ibn Saud and Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab marked the rise of the
1067:
603:
341:
282:
13658:
13570:
13540:
13375:
13296:
13248:
13131:
13050:
12977:
11768:
How Information Warfare Shaped the Arab Spring: The Politics of Narrative in Tunisia and Egypt
11277:"From Visiting Graves to Their Destruction The Question of Ziyara through the Eyes of Salafis"
9533:
8217:
4798:
praised Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab as a virtuous scholar who upheld the Sunnah and campaigned against
1480:
The last point of serious threat to the Saudi state was in 1764-1765. During this period, the
15530:
15407:
15193:
14659:
14456:
13933:
13785:
13574:
13566:
13498:
13425:
13395:
13343:
13092:
12988:, Indonesia: Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Atsari (YPAI) Al-Atsari Islamic Education Foundation
12648:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, & London, England: Harvard University Press. pp. 32–33.
12482:
12371:
10673:
10470:
8248:
7508:
Ibn Mas’ood said: “Follow (the Sunnah) and do not innovate, because you have been sufficed.”
6961:
Weismann, Itzchak (2001). "7: Local Renaissance under the Centralizing Regimes (1883-1918)".
5548:
5229:
has criticized Orientalist scholars who depicted Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab as a slavish imitator of
4810:
of Deoband mostly respect him while being critical of the Salafi movement. Major scholars of
4767:, the Muslim world was stirred by a great awakening. Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab’s message of
4542:
4087:
4000:
whose purpose must be strictly defensive in nature. He viewed the military campaigns of the
3442:
2512:
2351:
2152:
1496:
and secured the entirety of al-ʿĀriḍ, after its chieftain Dahham ibn Dawwas fled. By 1776/7,
1313:
955:, an extreme sect of Shiism. He also became influenced by the writings of Hanbali theologian
864:). Influenced by Al-Sindi's teachings, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab became critical of the established
708:
Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab's early education was taught by his father, and consisted of learning the
511:, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's early education consisted of learning a fairly standard curriculum of
12053:
The Globalization of Martyrdom: Al Qaeda, Salafi Jihad, and the Diffusion of Suicide Attacks
11010:الشيخ صالح الفوزان : توبة الشيخ سليمان بن عبد الوهاب من ذم دعوة أخيه الإمام المجدد محمد
9761:
Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalist Movements in the Arab World, Iran and Turkey
8192:
6920:
6731:
6453:
6145:
4897:(1913-1999 C.E) acclaimed Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab as a "great reformer" who called his people to
3792:
and the best helper. May Allah send peace on our master Muhammad, his family and companions.
15633:
15593:
15588:
15432:
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15208:
15203:
14965:
14719:
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13945:
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13345:
Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism
13216:
12755:
12161:
11252:
10299:
10265:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 8, 109–110, 124, 135–136, 173, 183, 204–205.
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7800:
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3562:
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1817:
746:
560:, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab gradually became opposed to certain rituals and practices such as the
326:
14704:
12980:[Differences between the Books “Al-Ushul Ats-Tsalatsah” and “Tsalatsatul Ushul”].
12803:
11222:
J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004). "The Theology and Worldview of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab".
7858:
Schacht, J; Lewis, B; Pellat, C; Ménage, V.L., eds. (1986). "The Encyclopaedia of Islam".
7005:
Arabic Literature and Islamic Scholarship in the 17th/18th Century: Topics and Biographies
6512:
Schacht, J; Lewis, B; Pellat, C; Ménage, V.L., eds. (1986). "The Encyclopaedia of Islam".
3779:(purification of the inner self). 'Abd Allah Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab ends his treatise saying:
3533:
outright, he sought a reformation of the system by condemning prevalent trends within the
3529:
system, by advocating for a direct understanding of the Scriptures. Rather than rejecting
3394:, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab should rather be considered as one of the "precursors" of the modern
2331:
1294:. Meanwhile, it's Muslim and Western opponents derogatorily labelled the movement as the "
8:
15668:
15478:
15363:
14913:
14799:
14320:
14168:
14010:
13898:
13772:, by The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, Parul Jain, Satyavrat Nirala and Adam Zeidan
12811:
12262:
12056:
10680:. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.).
10550:
6995:
6822:
5384:
4965:
4737:
4696:
4558:
4451:
3196:
2596:
2566:
1797:
1581:
1536:
After his departure from public affairs, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab would remain a consultant to
1096:
331:
13804:
13379:
13175:
Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change
9420:
Crawford, Michael (2014). "Chapter 7: The Regime of Godliness and The Political Order".
5218:; Al-Qaeda harshly attacks these mainstream Saudi clerics with much rhetorical vitriol.
5053:
militant organization, has also been inspired by Wahhabi doctrines, alongside Salafism,
2747:), and denounced those religious beliefs and practices widespread amongst the people of
1462:
to justify a more aggressive one. In the treatise, compiled to justify Jihad pursued by
1110:
These actions gained the attention of Sulaiman ibn Muhammad ibn Ghurayr of the tribe of
15422:
15397:
15355:
15254:
15228:
14886:
14654:
14461:
14310:
13986:
13910:
13353:
13330:
13308:
13104:
12497:
politician and vocal Iraq war advocate Jon Kyl in 2003 during a subcommitte hearing of
12326:
11480:
Travels of Ali Bey, In Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, Egypt, Arabia, Syria and Turkey Vol.II
11478:
10008:
10000:
9603:
9356:
9163:
9126:
9093:
8821:
8219:
Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Arab States
7929:
7844:
7683:
7623:
7437:
7365:
7231:
7040:
7024:
6652:
6084:
5922:
5731:
5595:
5374:
5344:
5159:
5141:
4915:
4787:) and to unite its divisions around the mystical origins of Islam and Islamic thought."
4764:
4505:
4389:
4350:
4186:
4107:
4001:
3365:
3240:
2541:
2517:
2379:
2157:
2142:
2052:
1905:
1558:
1513:
1463:
1403:
1388:
1330:
1307:
1249:
906:
678:
614:
436:
198:
104:
8964:
6818:"You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia"
5166:
fell foul of when for having similar views he was tortured and threatened with death.
1662:(study circle). One of their pupils was Husayn Ibn Abu Bakr Ibn Ghannam, a well-known
15648:
15643:
15509:
15347:
15264:
15259:
15238:
15233:
14960:
14779:
14739:
14714:
14689:
14679:
14622:
14396:
14330:
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14121:
13998:
13745:
13717:
13700:
13680:
13670:
13645:
13635:
13586:
13552:
13518:
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13437:
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13320:
13281:
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13230:
13190:
13170:
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13116:
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12953:
12649:
12574:
12523:
12313:
12133:
12108:
12064:
12031:
12020:
11881:
11856:
11796:
11791:
Moj, Muhammad (2015). "5- Deobandi Islam: Countering Folk Islam and Popular Custom".
11771:
11746:
11709:
11682:
11611:
11582:
11553:
11524:
11499:
11457:
11432:
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11372:
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11035:
10957:
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10751:
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10693:
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10606:
10566:
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10408:
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10303:
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10198:
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9963:
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9764:
9625:
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9547:
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9425:
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9178:
9133:
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9015:
8869:
8844:
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8410:
8377:
8352:
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8254:
8223:
8196:
8185:
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8135:
8099:
8056:
7992:
7967:
7933:
7888:
7863:
7804:
7767:
7441:
7391:
7387:
7200:
7032:
6966:
6936:
6883:
6750:
6703:
6678:
6674:
6536:
6517:
6498:
6475:
6421:
6381:
6331:
5739:
5682:
5379:
5276:
5192:
5089:
5023:
4882:
4856:
4846:
4752:
4225:
4067:
4060:
3671:
3287:
3246:
3239:
interference". This idea of Ibn Taymiyya had been recently revived in the circles of
3232:
2915:
2866:
2601:
2551:
2479:
2444:
2419:
2399:
2316:
2277:
2253:
2012:
1964:
1925:
1915:
1891:
1807:
1769:
1685:
known for her piety, valour and beauty. She was a committed adherent to her father's
1653:
1593:
1338:
1197:
1079:
937:
914:
762:
654:
610:
489:
316:
12857:
10327:(1st ed.). Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. 2022. pp. 3–29.
3902:
3558:
2694:
936:
Following his early education in Medina, Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab traveled outside of the
15663:
15463:
15170:
14891:
14784:
14596:
14345:
14340:
14325:
14104:
13869:
13666:
13625:
13621:
13601:
13387:
13312:
13182:
13108:
12644:
Aydin, Cemil (2017). "Chapter 1: An Imperial Ummah Before the Nineteenth Century".
12515:
12444:
12331:
12321:
12105:
US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and al-Qaeda: Signalling and the Terrorist World-View
11848:
11659:
11055:
10295:
9992:
9617:
9613:
9591:
9352:
9207:
8813:
8402:
7921:
7840:
7796:
7654:
7615:
7429:
7383:
7379:
7353:
7016:
7012:
6875:
6670:
6666:
6640:
6413:
6323:
6172:
5917:
5605:
5125:
4393:
4369:
3878:
3744:. He stated the popular saying: "From among the wonders is to find a Sufi who is a
3620:
3182:, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab asserts that every Prophet came with the mission of upholding
2484:
2434:
2042:
1940:
1935:
1920:
1694:
1601:
1142:
662:
477:
469:
272:
12510:
Romero, Juan (2022). "1: Ancient, medieval and early modern extremist movements".
12225:"Wahhabism to ISIS: how Saudi Arabia exported the main source of global terrorism"
9912:
E. Vogel, Frank (2000). "Two- Ijtihad as Law: Doctrines for Theory and Practice".
9830:
E. Vogel, Frank (2000). "Two- Ijtihad as Law: Doctrines for Theory and Practice".
9202:
Romero, Juan (2022). "1: Ancient, medieval and early modern extremist movements".
4166:. Some of the early opponents of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab classified his doctrine as a "
1145:
and his followers, and shaped the collective Wahhabi memory. As late as 1749, the
598:(oneness of God), and was greatly inspired by the treatises of classical scholars
15540:
15483:
15213:
15198:
15122:
15066:
14955:
14823:
14684:
14669:
14531:
14451:
14282:
14277:
14080:
13951:
13739:
13711:
13459:
13275:
13220:
13186:
13143:
12220:
12027:
12015:
11931:. 253. Lucknow: Academy of Islamic Research & Publications. pp. 282–283.
11089:
11059:
10429:
9700:
9318:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 8, 12, 20–21, 94–95, 100, 109–110.
8817:
7791:
Bradford, Joe (2022). "IbnʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Muḥammad". In L. Esposito, John (ed.).
7551:
7242:
6813:
6318:
Bradford, Joe (2022). "IbnʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Muḥammad". In L. Esposito, John (ed.).
6047:
6027:
5705:
5655:
5634:
5543:
5414:
5362:
5324:
5292:
5267:
5234:
5226:
5215:
5208:
5093:
5081:
5058:
5050:
5011:
4950:
4823:
4811:
4745:
4733:
4725:
4684:
4570:
4241:
4237:
4173:
4095:
3827:
3669:(public welfate). Other legal criteria involved upholding the spirit of the law,
3382:
3361:
3357:
3333:
2807:
2734:
2706:
2643:
2394:
2306:
2147:
2057:
1981:
1852:
1802:
1752:
1722:
1406:
were strictly defensive and rebuked his opponents as being the first to initiate
1146:
1078:, I summon you only to God, and Only Him as well as observe the path laid by His
784:
After leaving 'Uyayna around the age of twenty, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab performed the
346:
233:
10421:
4670:
Various academics have compared Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab to the 15th-century
4647:
and resisting what illiterates have made part of this monotheistic religion and
3589:). In addition to criticising the Madhab partisans, he berated the advocates of
1588:) to a new ruler and acclaimed his accession. After Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, his son
988:, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab had mastered various religious disciplines such as Islamic
858:) of medieval legal commentaries and develop individual research of scriptures (
15427:
15284:
15218:
15095:
14975:
14858:
14754:
14699:
14644:
14581:
14429:
14127:
13835:
13383:
13371:
13166:
8868:(1st ed.). Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 9, 16.
8094:
Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2010). "1: Society and politics, 1744-1818 and 1824–1891".
7619:
6176:
5533:
5424:
4827:
4826:, etc. were supportive of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's ideals. Senior Deobandi scholar
4718:
4538:
4509:
4232:
4218:
4206:
3961:
3945:
3871:
3818:, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was also able to transform his movement into a successful
3631:
In calling for a direct return to the Scriptures, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was not a
3313:
3243:
3227:
3144:
3074:
2589:
2556:
2459:
2409:
2369:
2346:
2301:
2235:
2137:
2108:
2083:
2037:
1702:
1698:
1690:
999:
886:
581:
402:
13630:
13316:
11852:
11008:
9996:
7925:
7433:
7020:
5755:, which is planned to include a light and sound presentation located near the
2791:, the followers of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab referred themselves by the designation "
15582:
15437:
15105:
14980:
14901:
14896:
14764:
14749:
14694:
14664:
14576:
14391:
14374:
14335:
13649:
13502:
13244:
13100:
13058:
12918:
12229:
11663:
10903:
Al-Durar Al-Sunniyya Fil Ajwabatil Najdiyya (Sunni Pearls from Najdi Answers)
10685:
10558:
7989:
The Clerics of Islam: Religious Authority and Political Power in Saudi Arabia
7964:
Islamic Mysticism Contested: Thirteen Centuries of Controversied and Polemics
7036:
7028:
6378:
The Clerics of Islam: Religious Authority and Political Power in Saudi Arabia
5970:
5912:
5717:
5590:
5299:
5230:
5212:
5204:
5200:
5172:
5163:
5097:
5077:
5046:
5035:
5019:
4995:
4940:
4835:
4799:
4760:
4729:
4680:
4546:
4397:
4283:
4091:
4035:
3819:
3751:
3659:
authentication, followed by contextualised intrapolation in consideration of
3317:
3204:
3190:
3098:
3014:. In his legal writings, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab referred to a number of sources-
2933:
2861:
2847:
2764:
2561:
2469:
2454:
2404:
2389:
2341:
2321:
2247:
1993:
1930:
1744:
1730:
1675:
1617:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1489:
1481:
1347:
1342:
1287:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1115:
797:
742:
622:
599:
589:
577:
565:
321:
277:
181:
13112:
9985:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
9377:. London: The London School of Economics and Political Science. p. 64.
7728:
7705:
7642:
7458:
Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Sharjah, U.A.E p.152
4004:
as strictly defensive operations against aggressive opponents who initiated
3611:"The Hanbalis are the least prone of all people to innovation. most of the
585:
15468:
14908:
14848:
14794:
14774:
14709:
14369:
14357:
14074:
13992:
13430:
Understanding Islamic Fundamentalism: The Theological and Ideological Basis
12409:
9938:
9892:
9856:
9587:
8305:
Impact of the Ahl-e-Hadith Movement on Contemporary Muslim Society in India
7349:
6963:
Taste of Modernity: Sufism, Salafiyya, and Arabism in Late Ottoman Damascus
6636:
5814:, Concise version of ath-Thalaatha-ul-Usool which aimed for junior students
5747:
5701:
5645:
5600:
5538:
5503:
5304:
5101:
4999:
4839:
4741:
4604:
4456:
4424:
4214:
4170:
4150:
region of central Arabia, which was directly affected by the growth of the
4079:
4071:
3934:
3891:
3762:", and considered it as an important branch of Islamic religious sciences.
3459:
2632:
2613:
2489:
2474:
2414:
2296:
2103:
2088:
2047:
1976:
1947:
1740:
1554:
1396:
1174:
1164:
750:
618:
12519:
11653:
10932:
9945:
Al Durar al-Sunniyya Fil Ajwab al-Nakdiyya ( Sunni Pearls in Najd Answers)
9813:
Arbaʿ qawāʿid tadūruʾl-aḥkām ʿalayhā (Four rules on which rulings revolve)
9211:
8406:
5868:(Abridgement of the Faith; i.e. the summarised version of a work on Faith)
4312:
The Unmistakable Judgment in the Refutation of Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
1521:
1402:
Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb maintained that the military campaigns of the
500:, ʿAlī, and Ibrāhīm, his grandson ʿAbdur-Raḥman ibn Ḥasan, his son-in-law
397:
ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Sulaymān ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rāshid
15447:
15442:
15223:
15011:
14985:
14759:
14744:
14734:
14612:
14027:
13506:
13349:
13304:
12001:
11346:"[Biography] – Allamah Muhammad Bashir Sehsawani [1326H]"
11061:
Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée
10499:(Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996) Chapter 24, particularly p. 97.
9899:
Al Durar al-Sunniyya Fil Ajwab al-Nakdiyya (Sunni Pearls in Najd Answers)
9863:
Al Durar al-Sunniyya Fil Ajwab al-Nakdiyya (Sunni Pearls in Najd Answers)
9718:
9170:
6002:
5404:
5389:
5349:
5222:
5031:
4963:, citing religious justifications in line with the principles of Islamic
4692:
4600:
4590:
4581:
4440:
4420:
4385:
4354:
3249:(1025/1616–1101/1686); whose son Abūl-Ṭāhir al-Kūrānī was the teacher of
3174:
2576:
2464:
2449:
2336:
2260:
1341:, the Emirate of Diriyah, which was established in 1727. By offering the
1321:
1169:
1111:
738:
724:
549:
462:
360:
167:
9916:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 72–73.
7687:
7659:
7627:
6516:. Vol. III. Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill. pp. 677–679.
5629:
3386:
movement was not directly connected to Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's movement in
2638:
1681:
Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab also had a daughter named Fatimah, who was a revered
1326:
15274:
15146:
15134:
14970:
14853:
14769:
14352:
14270:
14092:
14062:
13916:
13881:
13852:
13847:
13741:
Kingdom without borders: Saudi political, religious and media frontiers
13605:
12985:
12756:"Descendants of Saudi Wahhabism founder distance themselves from Qatar"
12336:
12200:"(Thesis) Wahhabism: Is it a Factor in the Spread of Global Terrorism?"
12177:"(Thesis) Wahhabism: Is it a Factor in the Spread of Global Terrorism?"
10366:
9529:
7857:
7232:
Navalk Post Graduate School Thesis, September 2009, Michael R. Dillon:
7044:
6511:
5988:
A third account, covering Arabian history between the 1730s to 1817 is
5518:
5419:
5329:
5319:
5314:
4943:
and thus his movement was highly pertinent for the people of his time.
4912:
4674:
4493:
4358:
4287:
4249:
4167:
3965:
3222:
2759:
2546:
2326:
2098:
1845:
1075:
1071:
985:
919:
835:
758:
689:
670:
666:
644:
368:
203:
78:
12888:
12785:
10004:
6493:
Richard Netton, Ian (2008). "IBN 'ABD AL-WAHHAB, MUHAMMAD (1703–92)".
6181:
The Wahhabis are often said to 'belong' to the Hanbali School of Law (
5006:
were influenced by the Wahhabi doctrine. Other scholars note that the
3822:. Thus, his teachings had a profound influence on majority of Islamic
2882:
Another major doctrine of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was the concept known as
1011:
14940:
14881:
14863:
14789:
14511:
14098:
14068:
12470:
11878:
The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies
11793:
The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies
11065:
10689:
10562:
10466:
8714:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. pp. 254–255.
8603:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. pp. 249–250.
8588:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. pp. 247–249.
8434:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. pp. 243–244.
6965:. Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 268.
5950:
5558:
5409:
5176:
5065:
4946:
4877:
and the sincerity of worship to God alone with what He legislated in
4706:
4554:
4449:
repelling the innovations and deviations in Muslim life. Through his
4428:
scholar Muhammad Bashir Sahsawani (1834-1908 C.E) wrote the treatise
4151:
4063:
3834:
during his lifetime. His reforms touched over various fields such as
3575:
3329:
2701:(Book on Monotheism), the most popular treatise of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
2113:
1910:
1709:, wherein she became a major proponent of reformist teachings of the
1580:
did not engage in politics, they comprised a significant part of the
1542:
1436:
1237:
1087:
956:
946:
910:
754:
573:
493:
292:
12623:"The Perceptions of Muhammad bin ʿAbd al-Wahhāb on Takfīr and Jihād"
12489:
has confirmed Wahhabi involvement in attacks against U.S. forces in
11945:"The Perceptions of Muhammad bin ʿAbd al-Wahhāb on Takfīr and Jihād"
10472:
Hatred's Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New Global Terrorism
9834:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 72.
5994:
5187:
Western scholars like Michael Ryan assert that Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's
4643:
4586:
4117:
defended the position of Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, stating that:
4044:
3231:(the "story of cranes" or "Satanic Verses") which demonstrated that
3157:
Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab elucidated his concept on the nature of
949:
and would write a treatise repudiating the theological doctrines of
876:
in his intellectual approach. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab rarely made use of
761:, etc. had become predominant across numerous towns and villages of
15160:
15043:
15039:
14571:
14424:
14260:
14240:
13963:
12478:
9880:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. pp. 40–41.
9806:
9424:. Oneworld Publications, London: One World Publishers. p. 88.
9234:
8187:
Saudi Arabia and the United States: Birth of a Security Partnership
6702:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 29, 30, 117, 28, 37.
6071:
is disputed; according to other sources it should be attributed to
5700:
Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's thoughts would greatly influence the
5615:
5553:
5508:
5196:
5137:
5073:
5038:
5003:
4991:
4851:
4795:
4748:
4710:
4701:
4621:(An Introduction to the Madhab of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal), writing:
4445:
4267:
4221:
4136:
The doctrines of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab were criticized by a number of
4098:
3912:
3890:
is considered to be one of the most significant reforms across the
3848:
3423:
3308:
3166:
3065:
2980:
Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was highly critical of the practice of
2810:
2093:
1969:
1835:
1777:
1748:
1629:
1557:, at the age of eighty-nine. He was buried in an unmarked grave at
1509:
1384:
1208:(Brilliance of the Meteor), when they first met, Ibn Saud declared:
852:
and their tombs. He also encouraged him to reject rigid imitation (
801:
13684:
13076:
12978:"Perbedaan Kitab "Al-Ushul Ats-Tsalatsah" dan "Tsalatsatul Ushul""
12353:"From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State"
11608:
Biography and Mission of Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab: Second Edition
11429:
Biography and Mission of Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab: Second Edition
10707:
10405:
Biography and Mission of Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab: Second Edition
9494:
The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam
9291:
Biography and Mission of Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab: Second Edition
9266:
Biography and Mission of Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab: Second Edition
9012:
The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam
8647:
Biography and Mission of Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab: Second Edition
8521:
Biography and Mission of Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab: Second Edition
6351:
5092:" through their expanded influence in politics and Western media.
4688:
4302:, wrote one of the first treatises refuting the Wahhabi doctrine,
3746:
3253:, the master of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. Using this concept to explain
3049:
and beyond, compelling him to express many of his legal verdicts (
2900:"What has been mentioned to you about me, that I make generalised
1066:) or any other Imam for that matter, not even such dignitaries as
1058:
682:
631:
in the Saudi state, dominating the state's clerical institutions.
508:
481:
16:
Islamic scholar, jurist and eponym of Wahhabi movement (1703–1792)
15117:
15061:
14945:
14617:
14501:
14305:
14265:
12466:
10348:
Mukhlid al-Harbi, Dalal (2008). Ann Roberg-Abahsain, Jill (ed.).
9674:
9672:
9670:
9668:
9666:
8839:
Mukhlid al-Harbi, Dalal (2008). Ann Roberg-Abahsain, Jill (ed.).
7469:
The Legal Thought of Jalāl Al-Din Al-Suyūṭī: Authority and Legacy
5938:
5735:
5528:
5399:
5133:
5109:
5054:
5027:
5015:
4671:
4633:
4614:
4611:
4596:
4378:
4228:
4185:(excommunication) and maintained that the military operations of
4083:
3809:
3775:
3721:
3665:
3660:
3648:
3595:
3525:
3496:
3418:
3116:
3085:
3056:
2998:
2986:( blind-following), which in his view, deviated people away from
2975:
2920:
2855:
2851:
2078:
1840:
1663:
1641:
1633:
1562:
1517:
1392:
1229:
1185:
1100:
1045:
984:
marked the end of his education and by the time of his return to
951:
895:
866:
860:
733:
713:
686:
561:
541:
519:
516:
207:
177:
100:
12827:"Saudis Turn Birthplace of Wahhabism Ideology Into Tourist Spot"
12107:(Reprint ed.). London and New York: Routledge. p. 83.
10630:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 244.
10590:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 244.
8699:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 254.
8548:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 247.
8508:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 244.
8464:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 244.
7951:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 177.
7862:. Vol. III. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. p. 678.
6793:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6785:
3488:
According to Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, the clear meaning of authentic
3055:) discreetly, using convincing juristic terms. He differed from
1018:(Three Fundamental Principles), a pamphlet by Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
14379:
13784:
13617:
13613:
13301:
The (De)Legitimization of Violence in Sacred and Human Contexts
12474:
12086:"Special Reports – The Salafist Movement: Al Qaeda's New Front"
11521:
The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab
11398:
The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab
11369:
The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab
11318:
The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab
11161:
The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab
10894:
10681:
10195:
The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab
9936:
9890:
9854:
9800:
9798:
9791:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. p. 40.
7375:
7008:
6662:
6080:
6068:
5897:
5768:
5523:
5203:. Consequently, his scholarly heirs, including the prestigious
5155:
4974:
4955:
4935:
4907:
4861:
4677:
4649:
4627:
4361:
4262:
4253:
4190:
4181:
4163:
4006:
3906:
3886:(regardless of the number of pronouncements). The outlawing of
3842:
3836:
3741:
3713:
3708:
3698:
3692:
3637:
3624:
3585:
3570:
3553:
3490:
3412:
3406:
3278:
3264:
Furthermore, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab had given little importance to
3184:
3080:
highly influenced the anti-taqlid views of Ibn 'Abd al Wahhab.
3071:
3022:
2992:
2982:
2971:
2902:
2871:
2783:
2773:
2753:
2743:
2725:
2689:
1999:
1897:
1718:
1693:
and concentrate on her scholarly endeavours. She witnessed the
1671:
1658:
1505:
1493:
1485:
1408:
1380:
1360:
1291:
1282:
1181:
1131:
1053:
1040:
1004:
995:
854:
845:
840:
831:
809:
805:
793:
720:
594:
535:
527:
218:
52:
12971:
12969:
12360:
The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World
11679:
The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab
11483:. Philadelphia: The New York Public Library. pp. 79, 157.
9663:
5118:
overwhelming majority of terrorist atrocities in today's world
4368:
Sulayman once asked his brother Muhammad , "How many are the
2717:. His works were generally short, full of quotations from the
15269:
15100:
14506:
14401:
14385:
11766:
Greenberg, Nathaniel (2019). "6: Philosophy and Revolution".
10983:"الشيخ سليمان بن عبدالوهاب تاب ورجع، فهل أنتم راجعون؟ (1 /2)"
10895:
ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim Al-Najdi, 'Abd al-Rahman, ed. (1996).
8308:. Aligarh, India: Aligarh Muslim University. pp. 58, 71.
8215:
7105:
6782:
6134:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
5966:
5773:
5709:
5694:
5188:
4960:
4878:
4776:
4638:
4575:
4566:
4522:
4491:? They were Bedouins of the desert, worse than the people of
4468:
4412:
4406:
4275:
4271:
4257:
4159:
4155:
4142:
4137:
3991:
3981:
3969:
3949:
3940:
3910:
al-Wahhab also defended the woman's right to divorce through
3823:
3802:
3725:
3643:
3547:
3480:
3474:
3400:
3298:
3292:
3258:
3236:
3209:
3140:
3051:
3032:
3016:
3003:
2911:
2815:
2719:
2710:
2018:
2006:
1958:
1792:
1735:
1686:
1682:
1645:
1597:
1468:
1459:
1458:, which marked a shift from the earlier posture of defensive
1413:
1372:
1367:
1365:
Realising the significance of efficient religious preaching (
1276:
1201:
1193:
1137:
1119:
981:
941:
789:
709:
693:
627:
557:
553:
545:(independent legal reasoning through research of scripture).
523:
473:
465:
419:
385:
115:
13782:
11191:
Mannah, Buṭrus Abū; Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma (2005).
10843:
Mannah, Buṭrus Abū; Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma (2005).
10809:
Mannah, Buṭrus Abū; Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma (2005).
10778:
Mannah, Buṭrus Abū; Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma (2005).
9795:
8802:"The Political Context of Early Wahhabi Discourse of Takfir"
8729:. London: One World Publications. pp. 48, 99, 104–105.
7793:
Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World: Digital Collection
7234:
Wahhabism: Is it a factor in the spread of global terrorism?
6320:
Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World: Digital Collection
3453:(Islamic jurisprudence) was based on four major principles:
2777:(imitation to established customs) adored by pagan-cults of
1052:"I do not - God be blessed - conform to any particular sufi
14209:
12966:
12437:"Terrorism: Growing Wahhabi Influence in the United States"
11274:
10525:(Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996, Chapter 9, p. 51)
10392:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University. p. 244.
9249:] (in Arabic). Vol. 7: Book of Personal Messages.
8250:
Islamic Law: The Sharia from Muhammad's Time to the Present
8074:
8072:
8022:
8020:
6072:
5981:
5722:
5690:
4929:(Oneness of Lordship) and promotion of strict adherence to
4714:
4498:
4291:
4147:
4030:
4024:
3996:
3925:
3897:
3858:
3449:
3387:
3111:
3046:
2943:
2892:
2821:
2748:
1706:
1649:
1525:
1418:
1376:
1242:
1235:
The agreement was confirmed with a mutual oath of loyalty (
1151:
1149:
imprisoned those Wahhabis who went to Mecca to perform the
1123:
1104:
990:
901:
878:
849:
785:
779:
728:
716:
697:
674:
640:
569:
512:
485:
82:
48:
13612:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21.
13571:"Sufism, 'Popular' Islam and the Encounter with Modernity"
11770:. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press. p. 128.
10407:. Madinah Publishers and Distributors. pp. 267, 276.
10070:
9727:, one who follows the ways of the first Muslim ancestors (
9653:
9651:
9649:
9647:
9645:
9643:
9641:
9486:
9484:
9482:
9341:"Reordering Islamic Orthodoxy: Muhammad ibn 'Abdul Wahhab"
9039:(2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. p. 1236.
8935:
8933:
8523:. Madinah Punlishers and Distributors. pp. 267, 276.
7829:"Reordering Islamic Orthodoxy: Muhammad ibn 'Abdul Wahhab"
6849:
6847:
6845:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6749:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 14, 21, 29.
6301:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6032:مُحَمَّد بْن عَبْد ٱلْوَهَّاب بْن سُلَيْمَان ٱلتَّمِيمِيّ
5984:
and because he adds many details to Ibn Ghannam's account.
4953:
affirms that sectarian clerics were the first to initiate
3469:
Obligation to abide by the clear evidences from Scriptures
3126:
2802:, a theological treatise which draws from material in the
1475:
1383:, Dahhām ibn Dawwās (fl. 1187/1773), attacked the town of
1184:, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was invited to settle in neighboring
14180:
Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence
13834:
11091:
Countering Suicide Terrorism: An International Conference
10528:
9535:
Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity
9293:. Madinah Punlishers and Distributors. pp. 462–465.
9268:. Madinah Punlishers and Distributors. pp. 462–463.
8246:
8155:
Crawford, Michael (2014). "Chapter 2: Agitator for God".
8098:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
5862:(Compendium of the Hadith on the Main Topics of the Fiqh)
4550:
that Ottomans feared its spread precisely on that basis.
4316:
Faṣl al-Ḫiṭāb fī Al-radd 'alā Muḥammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb
3557:
and opinions of early Imams. He rebuked the contemporary
2827:
2763:(pre-Islamic era) and denounced much of their beliefs as
696:
of the Najd and his grandfather, Sulaymān, having been a
11745:. Noida (Ghaziabad): Islamic Book Service. p. 160.
11281:
Brandeis University Crown Center for Middle East Studies
10913:
10096:
Mu'allafat al-Imam al-Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
9740:
8918:
8069:
8017:
7422:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
7347:
6270:
4783:
against its enemies, to abandon the guise of tradition (
4410:
declaring the visitations to the tomb of Muhammad to be
4029:
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab strongly condemned the veneration of
3583:(d. 1365) rather than acting upon authentic traditions (
3565:(d. 1566) and relying solely on his 16th-century manual
2798:
The "core" of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's teaching is found in
1512:(1199/1784), etc. Opposition in towns to the North like
1286:; while simultaneously championing the conception of an
963:" which inspired Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's seminal treatise "
13392:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
12726:"Imam Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab Mosque in Doha - Qatar"
12670:"Imam Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab Mosque in Doha - Qatar"
12258:"Wahhabist Ideology: What It Is And Why It's A Problem"
11967:"There is no such thing as Wahabism, Saudi prince says"
11845:
Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan
10878:
10876:
10874:
10872:
10870:
10220:
The Life & the Aqeedah of Muhammad Bin Abdul-Wahhab
10032:
The Life & the Aqeedah of Muhammad Bin Abdul-Wahhab
9638:
9479:
8930:
8612:
8610:
8479:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 202–203.
8130:
Crawford, Michael (2014). "3: Guide of the community".
8051:
Crawford, Michael (2014). "3: Guide of the Community".
6842:
6763:
6282:
5965:(History of Najd) and Husain ibn Ghannam (d. 1811), an
2927:
of them, save an obstinate or ignorant... But we make
1107:
of a woman who confessed to having committed adultery.
1062:, nor follow the course of any speculative theologian (
504:, Ḥamād ibn Nāṣir ibn Muʿammar, and Ḥusayn āl-Ghannām.
492:, considered as the eponymous founder of the so-called
13222:
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
12858:"Diriyah on course to become world-class tourist spot"
11630:
11550:
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
11498:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 245–46.
11496:
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
11456:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 244–45.
11422:
11420:
10678:
Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists
10263:
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
9763:. Folkestone, Kent: The Scarecrow Press. p. 258.
9693:
There is no such thing as Wahhabism, Saudi prince says
9316:
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
7338:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007, p. 132).
6933:
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
6747:
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
6260:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6206:
6194:
4869:"Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab al-Najdi was one of those
3960:
as well as other cultural activities such as reciting
2906:, this is from the slanders of the enemies.. we make
2729:, such as his main and foremost theological treatise,
1596:. 'Abd Allah would spend his last days as an exile in
1520:
were subdued by 1202/1787. Further north, the town of
870:
system, prompting him to disregard the instruments of
13713:
Muhammad ibn Abdil Wahhab: his life-story and mission
13577:; Salvatore, Armando; Van Bruinessen, Martin (eds.).
13005:
13003:
12950:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
12564:
12562:
11847:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 255, 324–325.
11722:
11658:(PhD). Glasgow, Scotland, UK: University of Glasgow.
11454:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
11224:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
11112:
9960:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
9914:
Islamic Law and Legal System: Studies of Saudi Arabia
9832:
Islamic Law and Legal System: Studies of Saudi Arabia
8674:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 39–40.
8672:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
8640:
8638:
8477:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
8342:
8340:
8089:
8087:
7885:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
7764:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
7122:
7120:
6700:
Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
6223:
6221:
5874:(Abridgement of the Equity and the Great Explanation)
5120:". Their recommendations would become influential in
4832:
Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab ke Khilaf Propaganda
4416:(forbidden); which would lead to their imprisonment.
4244:
Hanbali scholars as on the side of Ottoman Hanbalis.
3045:
arose widespread condemnation from Sufi orthodoxy in
1430:
1204:
as they saw it. According to the anonymous author of
13299:. In Donlin-Smith, Thomas; Shafiq, Muhammad (eds.).
11818:"Shaykh Rashid Ahmad Gangohi's Stance on the Najdis"
11610:. Madinah Punlishers and Distributors. p. 419.
11431:. Madinah Punlishers and Distributors. p. 412.
10867:
10555:
The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists
10475:. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. p. 25.
9510:
9247:
Works of Shaykh and Imam Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8987:
8607:
6956:
6954:
6100:
6041:
4709:(d. 1999) believed that Ibn Abd al-Wahhab was not a
4308:
Al-Šawā'iq Al-Ilāhiyya fī Al-radd 'alā Al-Wahhābiyya
3347:
2771:). He associated such practices with the culture of
1274:(Unitarian) movement emphasized strict adherence to
13093:"Conditionalist Islamists: The Case of the Salafis"
12291:"Qutbism at the Root of Al Qaeda, ISIS and Taliban"
11417:
11190:
10842:
10808:
10777:
9586:Ende, W.; Peskes, Esther (2012) . "Wahhābiyya". In
9235:ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 'Abd al-Aziz, Muhammad (1976).
8999:
8649:. Madinah Punlishers and Distributors. p. 92.
6247:
5928:
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
4691:authority and source of reference. Salafi scholars
4349:The 19th century anti-Wahhabi critic and historian
3083:Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab opposed partisanship to
1351:rejected it; accusing him of ignorance or sorcery.
737:) by the grace of God had become a major aspect of
496:. His prominent students included his sons Ḥusayn,
13000:
12886:
12855:
12569:Leaman, Oliver (2013). "2: Islam and the Qur'an".
12559:
12208:.. Saudi Arabia is serious about fighting Al-Qaeda
12130:Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban
12019:
11906:"Hal Kaana Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab Da'ishiyya?"
11899:
11897:
11676:
11552:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 245.
11518:
11366:
11315:
11158:
10427:
10192:
10155:al-Makki, Mawlana 'Abd Al-Hafiz (1 January 2011).
10071:'Abd al-Hafiz al-Makki, Mawlana (1 January 2011).
9804:
9162:
9125:
9092:
8635:
8621:. London: One World Publications. pp. 47–48.
8351:. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 727.
8337:
8323:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 333.
8184:
8134:. London: One World Publications. pp. 43–44.
8084:
7117:
6474:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 123.
6218:
5116:in June 2003 that "Wahhabism is the source of the
4814:-a Deobandi-inspired missionary movement- such as
4501:, matters in which no Muslim can claim ignorance."
4479:; based on his reinterpretation of Islamic texts.
4304:The Divine Thunderbolts in Refutation of Wahhabism
1666:scholar and chronicler. (Although Islamic scholar
1412:(excommunication). Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab had defined
459:Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Sulaymān al-Tamīmī
11880:. New York, NY: Anthem Press. pp. 133, 190.
11395:
11226:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 67.
10045:Hafiz Al-Makki, Mawlana Abd-Al (1 January 2011).
7887:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 84.
7766:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 22.
7497:Biography and Mission of Muhammad Ibn AbdulWahhab
7157:
7155:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6982:
6951:
6935:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 13.
6535:. New York: Facts on File Inc. pp. 324–325.
6495:Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilisation and Religion
4430:Sayaanah al-Insaan an Waswaswah al-Shaikh Dahlaan
4066:, Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab presented a strong
3956:, educating other women, generating awareness of
1391:. This would spark a nearly 30-year long between
15580:
12975:
12952:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 5.
12022:The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11
11054:
10667:
10665:
10512:(Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996, p. 83)
10347:
9471:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University: 153–161.
9072:
8838:
8401:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 243, 251.
7196:The Politics of Truth Management in Saudi Arabia
6185:), but strictly speaking, like the Ahl al-Hadith
5953:movement have been documented by its followers:
4252:. He also accused Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab of wrongly
3623:and his explicit statements, not to mention the
3328:Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's movement is known today as
1743:, the family is held in prestige similar to the
1516:was stamped out by 1196/1781, and the rebels in
1290:based on the model of early Muslim community in
13499:"Precursors of the Modernist-Salafiya Movement"
12545:"Tawhid or Jihad: What Wahhabism Is and Is Not"
12213:
11894:
10545:
10543:
10431:Mohammad Bin Abdul Wahhab, a Slandered Reformer
10217:
10157:"Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab and Sufism"
10111:"Shaykh Muhammad bin 'Abd al-Wahhab and Sufism"
10073:"Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab and Sufism"
10047:"Shaykh Muhammad bin 'Abd Al-Wahhab and Sufism"
10029:
9901:] (in Arabic). Vol. 4. pp. 57–60.
7418:"Poetry, Magic, and the Formation of Wahhabism"
7280:
7278:
6229:"Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Muslim theologian"
4806:beliefs and practices. Hence, the contemporary
4619:Al-Madkhal ila Madhhab il-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
3712:(Oneness of Allah) and a firm adherence to the
3364:point out that "Salafism" is a term applied to
1622:According to academic publications such as the
1472:verses indicative of offensive forms of jihād.
1301:
731:and the ability of saints to perform miracles (
15038:
13766:Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb: Muslim theologian
13565:
13048:
12948:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004). "Introduction".
12514:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 17, 21.
11903:
11631:Ibn Badran al-Dimashqi, 'Abd al-Qadir (1920).
10605:. London: One World Publications. p. 72.
10603:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
10044:
9581:
9579:
9577:
9575:
9422:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8799:
8727:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8619:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8563:. London: One World Publications. p. 47.
8561:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8376:. London: One World Publications. p. 44.
8374:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8182:
8159:. London: One World Publications. p. 27.
8157:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8132:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8055:. London: One World Publications. p. 43.
8053:Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
8005:
7152:
7076:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7066:
6979:
6930:
6808:
6806:
6797:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6492:
5088:were able to incite hysterical narratives of "
4740:and spread of revolutionary ideals across the
4461:Majmooah al-Rasaail wa al-Masaail al-Najdiyyah
4404:, who inspired Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, had issued
3852:(social interactions), etc. In the affairs of
2869:(a practice known in Islamic jurisprudence as
2715:fundamental principles of the Islamic religion
1354:
1158:
14225:
13820:
13097:Political Islam in the Age of Democratization
13091:Bokhari, Kamran; Senzai, Farid, eds. (2013).
13090:
13049:Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce, eds. (2009).
12947:
11606:Abu alrub, Jalal (2013). Mencke, Alaa (ed.).
11547:
11493:
11451:
11427:Abu alrub, Jalal (2013). Mencke, Alaa (ed.).
11283:: 2, 12, 15 – via Brandeis University.
11221:
11186:
11184:
11096:International Institute for Counter-Terrorism
10838:
10836:
10773:
10771:
10769:
10767:
10745:
10720:
10662:
10403:Abu alrub, Jalal (2013). Mencke, Alaa (ed.).
10260:
9957:
9390:
9289:Abu alrub, Jalal (2013). Mencke, Alaa (ed.).
9264:Abu alrub, Jalal (2013). Mencke, Alaa (ed.).
9206:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 19–21.
8863:
8669:
8645:Abu alrub, Jalal (2013). Mencke, Alaa (ed.).
8519:Abu alrub, Jalal (2013). Mencke, Alaa (ed.).
8474:
7991:. London: Yale University Press. p. 57.
7882:
7761:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7111:
7079:"The Power of Saudi Arabia's Islamic Leaders"
6905:
6744:
6697:
6635:Laoust, H. (2012) . "Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb". In
6610:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6581:
6380:. London: Yale University Press. p. 62.
5957:Wahhabi chronicler and scholar Ibn Ghannam's
5663:
4775:inspired an unbroken movement... to push the
3724:was due to their neglect of the teachings of
2661:
712:by heart and studying a rudimentary level of
548:Being given religious training under various
13795:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). p. 245.
13277:Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God
12702:. Doha News. 6 December 2011. Archived from
12596:"The Salafist Challenge to al-Qaeda's Jihad"
12429:
11250:
10540:
9758:
9313:
7733:UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law
7710:UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law
7673:
7647:UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law
7605:
7334:Ibn Qudamah, cited in Ahmet T. Karamustafa,
7275:
5945:by chronicler Uthman ibn 'Abdullah Ibn Bishr
4998:. Various Western analysts claimed that the
2231:Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
539:(blind following) and called for the use of
13538:
12249:
11989:
11795:. New York, NY: Anthem Press. p. 133.
10553:(2007) . "The Rise of the Early Puritans".
10461:
10459:
10457:
10455:
10453:
10451:
10449:
10292:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
9947:] (in Arabic). Vol. 4. p. 11.
9865:] (in Arabic). Vol. 4. p. 10.
9678:
9572:
9084:
8743:
7063:
6872:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
6803:
6575:
6469:
6410:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
6079:of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and second
5246:
5199:ideology of organisations like Al-Qaeda or
5076:as "the number one terrorist threat to the
4467:Rida notes that given Dahlan's position in
4094:, and by citing a hadith attributed to the
3647:who had excommunicated sinful, unrepenting
2806:and the recorded doings and sayings of the
1729:The descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the
917:and resembled the customs of the people of
815:
15413:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
14232:
14218:
13827:
13813:
13737:
13599:
13579:Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debate
13545:Islamic History: A Very Short Introduction
13215:
12919:"Mosque of Sheikh Mohammad bin Abdulwahab"
12700:"Qatar's state mosque opens to the public"
12449:United States Government Publishing Office
11181:
10833:
10764:
10534:
10372:
10285:
10235:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
9746:
9585:
9522:
9037:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
8349:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
8093:
8078:
8026:
7822:
7820:
7482:Narrated by Muslim (867) an-Nasaa’i (1578)
7404:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7182:
6865:
6589:
6403:
6276:
6108:"?Abd Al-Wahhab, Muhammad Ibn (1703-1792)"
5753:Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab Foundation
5670:
5656:
4641:; he began supporting the Truth, fighting
3541:partisans for adhering solely to medieval
3457:Prohibition on speaking about God without
3447:Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's approach to
2854:throughout history had held the view that
2668:
2654:
1228:A portrait of the entrance to the city of
634:
13629:
13511:The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics
13341:
12512:Terrorism: The Power and Weakness of Fear
12335:
12325:
12312:Angìo, Francesco Saverio (January 2018).
12219:
12197:
12174:
12154:"Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
11926:
11904:Muhammad Jabir, Sharif (2 October 2017).
11842:
11765:
11605:
11426:
10907:Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
10625:
10585:
10402:
10387:
10383:
10381:
10294:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
10182:. Egypt: Al-Manar Publishers. p. 50.
10144:. Egypt: Al Manar Publishers. p. 50.
9875:
9817:Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
9815:] (in Arabic). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia:
9786:
9490:
9466:
9288:
9263:
9251:Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
9237:الرسالة التاسعة: رسالته إلى عامة المسلمين
9204:Terrorism: The Power and Weakness of Fear
9005:
8709:
8694:
8644:
8598:
8583:
8543:
8518:
8503:
8459:
8429:
8399:Terrorism: The Power and Weakness of Fear
8096:A History of Saudi Arabia: Second Edition
7946:
7658:
7541:, Oxford University Press (2004), p. 296.
6992:
6874:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
6412:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
6200:
5462:Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
4973:, at the time serving as the governor of
4849:praised Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab as a
4625:"When he learned the narrations and the
3416:) of earlier scholars and advocating for
2525:Liberal and reform movements within Islam
1550:, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz's son, as heir apparent.
21:For other people with similar names, see
14040:Shihab al-Din Abd al-Halim ibn Taymiyyah
13709:
13376:"Ibn ‛Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (1703–92)"
13243:
12593:
12050:
11828:from the original on 20 September 2020.
11815:
11651:
11299:"Travel Towards Prophet's Resting Place"
10750:. New York: I.B Tauris. pp. 84–86.
10746:Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma (2005).
10721:Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma (2005).
10600:
10446:
10154:
9911:
9829:
9419:
9372:
8951:
8724:
8616:
8558:
8371:
8318:
8216:Sebastian Maisel; John A. Shoup (2009).
8154:
8129:
8050:
7790:
7729:"Origins of Wahhabism from Hanbali Fiqh"
7706:"Origins of Wahhabism from Hanbali Fiqh"
7643:"Origins of Wahhabism from Hanbali Fiqh"
7143:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7135:
6960:
6913:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )"
6776:
6724:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )"
6530:
6446:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )"
6317:
5937:
5757:Mosque of Sheikh Mohammad bin Abdulwahab
5681:
4110:are condemned as those of polytheists."
4074:stance in his main theological treatise
3323:
2751:. Following Ibn Taymiyya's teachings on
2693:
1572:A clear separation of roles between the
1325:
1223:
1168:
1010:
648:
23:Muhammad 'Abd al-Wahhab (disambiguation)
14542:Justice and Development Party (Morocco)
13716:. Madinah Publishers and Distributors.
13610:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
13273:
13249:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791)"
13160:
12887:Humaidan, Muhammad (22 November 2011).
12824:
12573:. New York: Routledge. pp. 24–25.
12542:
12102:
12083:
11995:
11728:
11576:
11130:
11029:
10671:
10640:
10549:
9712:
9657:
9160:
9123:
9090:
9059:
8795:
8793:
8791:
7986:
7966:. The Netherlands: Brill. p. 147.
7907:
7860:The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition
7817:
7726:
7703:
7640:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7179:
6569:
6514:The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition
6375:
5783:Risālah Aslu Dīn Al-Islām wa Qā'idatuhu
4324:Abdullah ibn Abd al-Latif Aal al-Shaykh
4254:declaring fellow Muslims to be infidels
3545:manuals of later scholars and ignoring
3430:ideas widely across the Muslim world."
2910:of the one who affirms the religion of
1755:to legitimize the royal family's rule.
1670:writes about Ibn Ghannam that he was a
1476:Capture of Riyadh and Retirement (1773)
15581:
14547:Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
13423:
13370:
12889:"Diriyah – a symbol of Saudi heritage"
12568:
12509:
12350:
12014:
11701:
11275:Beranek, Tupek; Ondrej, Pavel (2009).
11194:Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration
11118:
10919:
10846:Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration
10812:Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration
10781:Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration
10748:Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration
10723:Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration
10378:
10237:. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 6.
10232:
10057:from the original on 11 January 2015.
9609:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
9409:from the original on 20 December 2020.
9242:مؤلفات الشيخ الإمام محمد بن عبد الوهاب
9201:
9034:
8924:
8882:
8396:
8346:
8301:
7961:
7653:(1). University of California: 96–97.
7371:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
7253:
7251:
6853:
6812:
6658:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
6634:
6563:
6305:
6166:
6048:[mʊħamːadbɪnʕabd‿alˈwah(h)aːb]
5872:Mukhtasar al-Insaf wa'l-Sharh al-Kabir
5714:Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque
5687:Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque
3352:). The designation of his doctrine as
3097:. Referring to the classical scholars
2705:Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab sought to
1604:and the execution of his talented son
773:
690:school of orthodox Sunni jurisprudence
15604:18th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
15305:
15037:
15002:International propagation of Salafism
14821:
14213:
13836:Muslim scholars of the Hanbali School
13808:
13783:Wheeler Thatcher, Griffithes (1911).
13656:
13493:
13457:
13129:
12856:Estimo Jr, Rodolfo (5 January 2017).
12643:
12594:W.S Ryan, Michael (2 December 2010).
12455:from the original on 15 December 2018
12417:from the original on 16 February 2015
12311:
12301:from the original on 23 October 2021.
12288:
12255:
12198:R. Dillon, Michael (September 2009).
12175:R. Dillon, Michael (September 2009).
12127:
11929:Saviours of Islamic Spirit: Volume IV
11916:from the original on 5 November 2021.
11740:
11652:Al Salem, Abdulaziz Abdullah (2019).
11356:from the original on 25 January 2019.
10167:from the original on 11 January 2015.
10083:from the original on 11 January 2015.
9516:
9456:from the original on 24 January 2021.
9146:from the original on 5 January 2020.
8993:
8939:
7415:
7192:
7132:
6264:
6212:
6046:
5901:(The Refutation of the Rejectionists)
5880:(Summarised Biography of the Prophet)
5221:Various scholars have also contested
3773:speaks positively on the practice of
3703:Muhammad Hayyat ibn Ibrahim al-Sindhi
3686:
970:
822:Muhammād Hayyat ibn Ibrāhim al-Sindhi
288:Muhammad Hayyat ibn Ibrahim al-Sindhi
15106:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
13294:
12868:from the original on 19 October 2017
12620:
12399:
11998:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
11942:
11579:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
11133:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
11032:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
10882:
10725:. New York: I.B Taurus. p. 81.
10643:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
10465:
10300:10.1093/acref/9780195176322.001.0001
10177:
10139:
10108:
9982:
9715:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
9528:
9191:from the original on 5 January 2020.
9165:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
9128:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
9113:from the original on 5 January 2020.
9095:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
9062:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
8788:
8247:Hunt Janin; André Kahlmeyer (2007).
8191:. Indiana University Press. p.
7801:10.1093/acref/9780197669419.001.0001
7560:
6880:10.1093/acref/9780195176322.001.0001
6497:. New York: Routledge. p. 246.
6418:10.1093/acref/9780195176322.001.0001
6328:10.1093/acref/9780197669419.001.0001
5860:Majmu'a al-Hadith 'Ala Abwab al-Fiqh
5771:, creedal works, and compilation of
5611:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
4985:
4131:
3990:Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb defined
3796:
3521:Arbaʿ qawāʿid tadūruʾl-aḥkām ʿalayhā
3410:, rejection of the blind following (
3213:(infallibility) which insisted that
3006:in accordance with the teachings of
1216:Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab replied:
1122:, who held substantial influence in
332:'Abd al-'Azīz ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn Bāz
15619:Arab Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
14822:
14316:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists
13659:"Militant Scholars and Strategists"
12786:"At-Turaif District in ad-Dir'iyah"
12571:Controversies in Contemporary Islam
12314:"Islamic State's Qutbist Statehood"
12256:Sells, Michael (22 December 2016).
11977:from the original on 20 August 2019
11875:
11790:
11519:al-Din M. Zarabozo, Jamaal (2003).
11476:
11367:al-Din M. Zarabozo, Jamaal (2005).
11316:al-Din M. Zarabozo, Jamaal (2005).
11159:al-Din M. Zarabozo, Jamaal (2005).
10645:. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 30.
10350:Prominent Women from Central Arabia
10193:al-Din M. Zarabozo, Jamaal (2003).
9338:
8841:Prominent Women from Central Arabia
7826:
7248:
6830:from the original on 28 August 2014
6031:
5777:. Some of his major works include:
5483:List of Salafi Islamic universities
5014:that emerged as a synthesis of the
4665:
4078:, describing the followers of both
4018:
3337:
3207:'s understanding of the concept of
2738:
1701:in 1818; which was captured by the
1644:and taught the young students from
1333:, the first Saudi state (1727–1818)
1173:A 20th century illustration of the
931:
586:principles of Hanbali jurisprudence
502:ʿAbdul-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿūd
237:
13:
15654:Chief Qadis of Emirate of Dir'iyah
13693:
13470:University of North Carolina Press
13434:American University in Cairo Press
13055:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
12929:from the original on 2 August 2017
12766:from the original on 2 August 2017
12736:from the original on 2 August 2017
12381:from the original on 21 March 2015
12327:10.25267/Paix_secur_int.2017.i5.07
12084:Livesey, Bruce (25 January 2005).
11816:ibn Adam, Muhammad (1 July 2004).
11677:al-Din M. Zarabozo, Jamal (2003).
11581:. London: I.B Tauris. p. 31.
11135:. London: I.B Tauris. p. 22.
11034:. London: I.B Tauris. p. 22.
9446:"Guidelines for following Madhabs"
9359:– via Wiley Online Library.
9357:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2002.tb03747.x
7845:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2002.tb03747.x
7739:(1). University of California: 96.
7716:(1). University of California: 97.
7528:. Oxford University Press. p. 271.
7093:from the original on 6 August 2011
5838:(Manners of Walking to the Prayer)
5808:(The Three Fundamental Principles)
5704:movement of the 19th century. The
5395:Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh
3920:, slaves and peasants in warfare.
3366:several forms of puritanical Islam
2243:Principles of State and Government
2219:The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate
1431:Rebellion in Huraymila (1752–1755)
975:
570:shrines and tombs of Muslim saints
14:
15680:
15418:Popular Arab and Islamic Congress
13776:
13203:from the original on 27 June 2016
12899:from the original on 30 July 2018
12837:from the original on 18 June 2016
12808:Pictures, info and travel reports
12680:from the original on 12 June 2015
12543:E. Long, David (1 October 2009).
12270:from the original on 8 April 2020
11396:Al Din M.Zarabazo, Jamal (2005).
11211:from the original on 1 July 2020.
10905:] (in Arabic). Vol. 10.
10863:from the original on 1 July 2020.
10829:from the original on 1 July 2020.
10798:from the original on 1 July 2020.
10218:bin Ridha Murad, Mahmoud (2000).
10030:bin Ridha Murad, Mahmoud (2000).
9560:from the original on 11 June 2020
8267:from the original on 28 May 2016.
7847:– via Wiley Online Library.
7614:(2). Brill Publishers: 208, 240.
7416:Samin, Nadav (18 February 2022).
7323:ṣaḥḥa ʿan al-thiqāt min ruwātihim
7077:Nawaf E. Obaid (September 1999).
5856:(Excellent Virtues of the Qur'an)
5282:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque
5114:U.S. Senate Judiciary Subcommitte
4054:
3593:for discouraging the practice of
3506:(scholarly differences), writing:
2831:); seeking protection or refuge (
2168:List of Islamic political parties
1298:" ( anglicised as "Wahhabism" ).
1200:back to the "true" principles of
592:was based on the key doctrine of
15306:
13872:(founder of the school; 780–855)
13390:; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (eds.).
13026:
13015:
12941:
12911:
12880:
12849:
12818:
12796:
12778:
12748:
12718:
12692:
12662:
12637:
12614:
12587:
12536:
12503:
12393:
12344:
12318:Paix et Securité Internationales
12305:
12282:
12191:
12168:
12146:
12132:. C Hurst & Co. p. 14.
12121:
12077:
12044:
12008:
11959:
11935:
11920:
11869:
11836:
11809:
11784:
11759:
11734:
11695:
11670:
11645:
11624:
11599:
11570:
11541:
11512:
11487:
11470:
11445:
11389:
11360:
11338:
11309:
11291:
11268:
11244:
11215:
11152:
11124:
11082:
11048:
11023:
11001:
10975:
10950:
10925:
10888:
10802:
10739:
10714:
10634:
10619:
10594:
10579:
10515:
10502:
10489:
10396:
10341:
10316:
10279:
10254:
10226:
10211:
10186:
10171:
10148:
10133:
10102:
10087:
10064:
10038:
10023:
9976:
9951:
9930:
9905:
9884:
9869:
9848:
9823:
9780:
9752:
9735:, one who professes God's unity.
9706:
9684:
9622:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1329
9460:
9438:
9413:
9384:
9366:
9332:
9307:
9282:
9257:
9228:
9195:
9154:
9117:
9053:
9028:
8975:from the original on 13 May 2008
8957:
8945:
8906:
8894:
8857:
8832:
8776:from the original on 8 June 2016
8758:
8718:
8703:
8688:
8663:
8592:
8577:
8552:
8236:from the original on 4 May 2016.
8222:. Greenwood Press. p. 228.
7556:. E.J. Brill. 2006. p. 216.
7388:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335
6675:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3033
6061:
5826:(The Six Fundamental Principles)
5796:(The Book of the Oneness of God)
5639:
5628:
5477:International Islamic University
5275:
4256:based on a misguided reading of
3561:scholars for being partisans of
2856:declaring the testimony of faith
2637:
2626:
1628:, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab married an
1488:alongside their allied tribe of
1387:which had pledged allegiance to
959:(d. 1393 C.E/ 795 A.H) such as "
909:, would be revived later by the
703:
15659:18th-century Muslim theologians
15474:Contemporary Islamic philosophy
14151:Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Saffarini
13663:Terrorism and Homeland Security
12804:"Turaif Quarter in Al-Diriyyah"
12627:Middle East Studies Associatiom
11949:Middle East Studies Associatiom
10898:الدرر السنية في الأجوبة النجدية
10815:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 86–87.
9940:الدرر السنية في الأجوبة النجدية
9894:الدرر السنية في الأجوبة النجدية
9858:الدرر السنية في الأجوبة النجدية
8537:
8512:
8497:
8468:
8453:
8438:
8423:
8390:
8365:
8312:
8295:
8283:
8271:
8240:
8209:
8176:
8148:
8123:
8112:
8044:
8032:
7980:
7955:
7940:
7901:
7876:
7851:
7784:
7755:
7743:
7720:
7697:
7667:
7634:
7599:
7589:
7577:
7544:
7531:
7518:
7502:
7486:
7474:
7461:
7448:
7341:
7328:
7311:
7290:
7263:
7225:
7213:
7167:
7089:(3). Middle East Forum: 51–58.
7051:
6931:J. Delong-Bass, Natana (2004).
6896:
6859:
6738:
6716:
6691:
6554:
6460:
6438:
6397:
6369:
6344:
6311:
6021:
5943:Unwan al-Majd fi Tarikh al-Najd
5716:" was opened in 2011, with the
4901:, revived injunctions based on
4873:, called for the upholding of
3882:, counting it as only a single
2923:on the face of the Earth makes
1713:and campaigned against various
1048:, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab declared:
899:(visitations to the shrines of
552:scholars during his travels to
15408:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
14537:Justice and Construction Party
13876:Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani
13800:Biodata at MuslimScholars.info
13770:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
13253:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
12061:Johns Hopkins University Press
11548:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
11494:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
11452:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
10261:J. DeLong-Bas, Natana (2004).
9958:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
9808:أربع قواعد تدور الأحكام عليها
9805:Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad.
9691:The National, March 18, 2010:
8969:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8770:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8670:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
8475:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
8321:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
7908:Nakissa, Aria (29 June 2022).
7883:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
7762:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
7596:his return to 'Uyayna in 1740.
7539:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
7325:) from among their miracles".
6745:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
6698:J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004).
6472:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
6160:
6126:
4891:Saviours of the Islamic Spirit
4724:According to the 20th-century
4519:Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud
3986:Islamic military jurisprudence
3569:. Similarly, he critiqued the
3203:Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab adhered to
2781:era. Based on the doctrine of
574:heretical religious innovation
1:
15479:Islamic response to modernity
13905:Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Barbahari
13539:Silverstein, Adam J. (2010).
13386:; Kadi, Wadad; Mirza, Mahan;
13342:Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010).
13051:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad"
12499:US Senate Judiciary Committee
12368:Center for Middle East Policy
12289:Ahmad, Aftab (19 June 2014).
12092:. WGBH educational foundation
11260:. Dar us Salam Publications.
10521:Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab,
10508:Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab,
10495:Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab,
9391:ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad.
9314:J DeLong-Bas, Natana (2004).
6917:Oxford Islamic Studies Online
6450:Oxford Islamic Studies Online
6169:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
6009:
6001:It is also commonly cited in
5802:(Clarification of the Doubts)
5457:Islamic University of Madinah
4794:, one of the founders of the
4734:Islamic Renaissance movements
4631:and became expertised in the
4465:al-Wahhaabiyoon wa al-Hijaaz.
4240:. It also misrepresents many
3519:Throughout his epsitles like
2385:Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani
1582:designating group of notables
613:to help him to establish the
14239:
13187:10.1017/CBO9781139047586.011
13173:; Lacroix, Stéphane (eds.).
13041:
12825:Hubbard, Ben (31 May 2015).
12790:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
12646:The Idea of the Muslim World
12158:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
11634:المدخل الى مذهب احمد بن حنبل
10989:(in Arabic). 28 October 2008
10375:, pp. 202–203, 241–242.
9759:S. Moussalli, Ahmad (1999).
9132:. I.B. Tauris. p. vii.
9099:. I.B. Tauris. p. vii.
8818:10.1080/00263206.2013.811648
7682:(2). Brill Publishers: 217.
7467:Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez,
7336:Sufism: The Formative Period
6138:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
6094:
5978:Unwan al-Majd fi Tarikh Najd
5976:Najdi Historian Ibn Bishr's
5850:(Excellent Virtues of Islam)
4705:. Salafi revivalist scholar
4126:
3765:At the end of his treatise,
3735:
2962:
2680:
1733:, have historically led the
1632:woman during his studies in
1302:Rise of Emirate of Dir'iyyah
723:as outlined in the works of
7:
15082:Militant Islamism based in
14725:Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi
13958:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
13738:al-Rasheed, Madawi (2009).
13657:White, Jonathan R. (2017).
13466:Chapel Hill, North Carolina
13136:A New Introduction to Islam
13021:
12351:Bunzel, Cole (March 2015).
12103:Geltzer, Joshua A. (2011).
11708:. Oxford University Press.
11197:. I.B. Tauris. p. 91.
10849:. I.B. Tauris. p. 89.
10784:. I.B. Tauris. p. 83.
10428:Masʻūd ʻĀlam Nadvī (1983).
10233:Martin, Richard C. (2004).
9064:. I.B. Tauris. p. 12.
9035:Martin, Richard C. (2016).
8752:Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
8749:
8444:
8347:Martin, Richard C. (2004).
7795:. Oxford University Press.
7319:Matn al-ʿaqīda al-ṭaḥāwiyya
7298:al-Ibāna ʿan uṣūl al-diyāna
7284:
7219:
6322:. Oxford University Press.
6043:Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
6042:
5906:
5146:Egyptian Islamist extremism
4859:who defended the purity of
4855:(religious reviver) of the
4515:Muhammad ibn Saud Al Muqrin
4051:in the valley of Ghobaira.
3975:
3865:
3769:, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's son
3740:Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab praised
3732:, myths and superstitions.
3619:conflicts with the view of
3573:for being dependent on the
3348:
2179:Militant Islamism based in
1721:after the establishment of
1355:War with Riyadh (1746–1773)
1254:Muhammad ibn Saud Al-Muqrin
1190:Muhammad ibn Saud Al Muqrin
1159:Pact with Muhammad bin Saud
885:Apart from his emphasis on
653:An 18th century map of the
602:(d. 728 A.H/ 1328 C.E) and
240:; "The Book of Monotheism")
97:(aged 88–89) (1206 AH)
10:
15685:
15536:Political aspects of Islam
14936:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
14522:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
14163:Sulayman ibn Abd al-Wahhab
14157:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
13583:Edinburgh University Press
13400:Princeton University Press
13295:Gaye, Abdoul Aziz (2021).
13179:Cambridge University Press
13032:
13009:
10601:Crawford, Michael (2014).
10286:N. Stearns, Peter (2008).
9373:Farquhar, Michael (2013).
9339:Haj, Samira (April 1997).
8912:
8900:
8888:
8725:Crawford, Michael (2014).
8617:Crawford, Michael (2014).
8559:Crawford, Michael (2014).
8372:Crawford, Michael (2014).
8319:Esposito, John L. (2003).
8289:
8277:
8118:
8011:
7827:Haj, Samira (April 1997).
7620:10.1163/156851906776917552
7571:
7526:Ibn Taymiyya and His Times
7269:
7173:
7161:
7147:
7126:
7057:
6866:N. Stearns, Peter (2008).
6798:Ágoston & Masters 2009
6470:L. Esposito, John (2003).
6404:N. Stearns, Peter (2008).
5959:Rawdhat al-Afkar wal-Afham
5933:
5836:Adab al-Mashy Ila as-Salaa
5744:UNESCO World Heritage Site
5064:During the early years of
4585:, bidding them to abandon
4338:being made on such people"
4300:Sulayman ibn Abd al-Wahhab
4260:and prophetic traditions (
4022:
3979:
3869:
3846:(ritual acts of worship),
3800:
3690:
3440:
3433:
3134:
3041:and harsh denunciation of
2969:
2687:
2495:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
2163:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan
1652:, Najd and other parts of
1615:
1498:Sulayman ibn Abd al-Wahhab
1358:
1311:
1305:
1162:
819:
777:
768:
638:
32:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
20:
15629:Islamic religious leaders
15557:
15523:
15492:
15456:
15393:Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
15383:
15316:
15312:
15301:
15247:
15186:
15075:
15054:
15050:
15033:
14994:
14951:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
14926:
14872:
14841:
14834:
14830:
14817:
14635:
14605:
14492:Freedom and Justice Party
14482:
14417:
14410:
14298:
14251:
14247:
14178:
14143:
14114:
14055:
14034:Majd ad-Din ibn Taymiyyah
14020:
13973:
13926:
13891:
13862:
13842:
13759:
13631:10.1163/9789004435544_019
13317:10.1007/978-3-030-51125-8
13274:Gauvain, Richard (2013).
13130:Brown, Daniel W. (2009).
12976:Raehanul Bahraen (2021).
12340:– via ResearchGate.
12204:Naval Postgraduate School
12181:Naval Postgraduate School
11853:10.1057/978-1-349-94966-3
11350:Salafi Research Institute
11098:(ICT). 2001. p. 72.
10109:al-Makki, 'Abd al-Hafiz.
10098:. Vol. 2. p. 4.
9997:10.1017/S0041977X00047017
9544:Stanford University Press
8253:. McFarland. p. 92.
7926:10.1163/15700585-12341630
7434:10.1163/15685209-12341561
7308:) appear at their hands".
7199:. Routledge. p. 46.
7112:Bokhari & Senzai 2013
7021:10.1163/15700600260435038
6906:Bokhari & Senzai 2013
6582:Bokhari & Senzai 2013
5878:Mukhtasar Seerat ar-Rasul
5712:is named after him. The "
5693:, the national mosque of
5564:International propagation
5467:Jamia Salafia, Faisalabad
5335:Muhammad Hayaat Al-Sindhi
4925:(Oneness of Worship) and
4601:'Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi
4351:Ahmad ibn al-Zayni Dahlan
4154:, based in the cities of
4113:However, Western scholar
3663:legal principles such as
3390:. According to professor
3109:system of jurisprudence (
2609:Islam and other religions
2119:International propagation
1858:International propagation
1611:
1180:Upon his expulsion from '
580:. While being known as a
452:
435:
418:
401:
384:
367:
358:
337:Muḥammad ibn al-'Uthaimīn
304:
260:
255:
244:
225:
214:
197:
187:
182:Ahl al-Ḥadīth/Independent
173:
163:
121:
111:
89:
63:
58:
44:
37:
30:
15599:18th-century Arab people
15367:(Izetbegović, 1969-1970)
15166:in the Arabian Peninsula
15007:Islamic religious police
14567:Prosperous Justice Party
14527:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
13936:(952–1020 CE/341–410 AH)
13710:Abualrub, Jalal (2003).
13665:(9th ed.). Boston:
13163:"From Wahhabi to Salafi"
12405:"What ISIS Really Wants"
12233:. London. Archived from
12051:Moghadam, Assaf (2008).
11741:Assad, Muhammad (2004).
11664:10.5525/gla.thesis.75078
10674:"The Jihadists pre-9/11"
10672:Aydınlı, Ersel (2018) .
10626:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
10586:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
10388:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
9876:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
9787:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
9612:. Vol. 11. Leiden:
9241:
9236:
8710:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
8695:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
8599:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
8584:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
8544:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
8504:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
8460:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
8430:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
8038:
7947:M. Bunzel, Cole (2018).
7749:
7727:Cameron, Zargar (2017).
7704:Cameron, Zargar (2017).
7641:Cameron, Zargar (2017).
7583:
7537:John L. Esposito (ed.),
7257:
6067:The attribution of this
6014:
5886:(The Book of Great Sins)
5762:
5584:Associated organizations
5363:Founders and key figures
5247:Contemporary recognition
4820:Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi
4563:Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti
3944:and being proficient in
3750:and a scholar who is an
3627:of the Messenger of God"
3163:Mukhtaṣar sīrat al-Rasūl
2996:. He also advocated for
2271:Governance of the Jurist
1758:
1531:
1348:Islamic political entity
828:Mohammad Hayya Al-Sindhi
816:Tutelage under Al-Sindhi
606:(d. 751 A.H/ 1350 C.E).
572:, which he condemned as
342:'Abd ar-Raḥmān as-Sudais
14650:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
14562:Malaysian Islamic Party
14557:National Iraqi Alliance
14517:Islamic Salvation Front
14447:Islamic Defenders Front
14005:Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi
13792:Encyclopædia Britannica
13549:Oxford University Press
13515:Oxford University Press
13458:Moosa, Ebrahim (2015).
13257:Oxford University Press
13227:Oxford University Press
13161:Commins, David (2015).
13140:Chichester, West Sussex
13113:10.1057/9781137313492_5
12493:." - Claims made by US
12128:Maley, William (2001).
12000:. London and New York:
11996:Commins, David (2009).
11702:Ismail, Raihan (2021).
11577:Commins, David (2006).
11131:Commins, David (2006).
11030:Commins, David (2006).
10641:Commins, David (2006).
9713:Commins, David (2009).
9161:Commins, David (2006).
9124:Commins, David (2006).
9091:Commins, David (2006).
9060:Commins, David (2009).
8800:Tarik K. Firro (2013).
8183:Parker T. Hart (1998).
7987:Mouline, Nabil (2014).
7676:Islamic Law and Society
7608:Islamic Law and Society
7553:Islamic Law and Society
6531:E. Campo, Juan (2009).
6376:Mouline, Nabil (2014).
6142:Oxford University Press
5472:Jamia Salafia, Varanasi
5431:List of Salafi scholars
5293:Theology and Influences
5154:the development of the
4545:, who was stationed in
4517:, and that of his son,
4322:scholarly figures like
4146:from his homeland, the
3767:Al-Hadiyyah al-Suniyyah
3579:of the Egyptian jurist
3251:Muḥammad Ḥayāt al-Sindi
3078:Muhammad Hayat as Sindi
2375:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
1625:Encyclopædia Britannica
1606:Sulayman ibn 'Abd Allah
1602:destruction of Dirʿiyya
1600:, having witnessed the
1318:Wahhabi sack of Karbala
635:Ancestry and early life
619:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
15091:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
14805:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
14730:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
14587:State of Law Coalition
14497:Green Algeria Alliance
14134:Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali
14087:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
13981:Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra
13952:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
13575:Masud, Muhammad Khalid
13567:Van Bruinessen, Martin
13424:Khatab, Sayed (2011).
13132:"The Wahhābī Movement"
12621:Nakamura, Dr. Satoru.
12606:on 23 September 2018.
11943:Nakamura, Dr. Satoru.
11876:Moj, Muhammad (2015).
8806:Middle Eastern Studies
7936:– via Brill.com.
7193:Shahi, Afshin (2013).
6728:Oxford Islamic Studies
6167:Glasse, Cyril (2001).
6144:. 2020. Archived from
5946:
5844:(Foundations of Faith)
5820:(The Four Foundations)
5812:Al-Usool-uth-Thalaatha
5806:Ath-Thalaatha-ul-Usool
5697:
5514:Islamic fundamentalism
5452:Umm al-Qura University
5310:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
5181:University of Kentucky
5168:
5002:militant organization
4983:
4919:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
4887:
4789:
4663:
4536:
4503:
4374:
4340:
4203:
4124:
4016:
3794:
3697:As a young scholar in
3629:
3517:
2960:
2939:
2702:
2440:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
1876:Islamic fundamentalism
1717:. Fatimah returned to
1428:
1334:
1232:
1222:
1214:
1177:
1084:
1019:
929:
834:, who belonged to the
741:belief throughout the
658:
513:orthodox jurisprudence
283:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
15624:Critics of Shia Islam
15194:Hibatullah Akhundzada
15017:Sufi–Salafi relations
14660:Hibatullah Akhundzada
13934:Abu al-Fadl al-Tamimi
13396:Princeton, New Jersey
13217:Delong-Bas, Natana J.
12549:Middle East Institute
12520:10.4324/9781003260943
12372:Brookings Institution
10178:Rida, Rashid (1925).
10140:Rida, Rashid (1925).
9699:27 April 2014 at the
9393:"The Six Foundations"
9212:10.4324/9781003260943
8407:10.4324/9781003260943
8397:Romero, Juan (2022).
7083:Middle East Quarterly
6533:Encyclopedia of Islam
5941:
5832:(Nullifiers of Islam)
5769:Qur'anic commentaries
5738:, the capital of the
5685:
5549:Sufi-Salafi relations
5504:Ahl-i Hadith movement
5179:of Philosophy at the
5152:
4994:movements across the
4979:
4881:and on the tongue of
4867:
4830:penned the treatise "
4757:
4623:
4543:Harford Jones-Brydges
4532:
4485:
4366:
4332:
4199:
4119:
4012:
3781:
3609:
3508:
3443:Islamic jurisprudence
3360:. Modern scholars of
3324:Influence on Salafism
2948:
2898:
2697:
2513:Criticism of Islamism
2507:Criticism of Islamism
2425:Necip Fazıl Kısakürek
2352:Hibatullah Akhundzada
1584:who gave allegiance (
1424:
1329:
1314:Demolition of al-Baqi
1312:Further information:
1227:
1218:
1210:
1172:
1163:Further information:
1155:(annual pilgrimage).
1101:companion of Muhammad
1050:
1014:
940:, venturing first to
925:
820:Further information:
652:
520:school of Islamic law
15433:September 11 attacks
15403:Grand Mosque seizure
15209:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
15204:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
14966:Muhammad Al-Munajjid
14675:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
14592:Islamic Action Front
14046:Zayn al-Din al-Amidi
13946:Abu Ali ibn al-Banna
13624:. pp. 333–347.
13311:. pp. 195–218.
12366:. Washington, D.C.:
12223:(27 November 2014).
9703:Linked 3 March 2015.
9540:Stanford, California
9469:Near Eastern Studies
7245:Linked 3 March 2015.
7241:7 April 2014 at the
6073:'Umar ibn al-Khattab
5818:Al Qawaaid Al 'Arbaa
5445:Notable universities
5126:Global War on Terror
5008:ideology of Al-Qaeda
4971:Salman bin Abdulaziz
4895:Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi
4792:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
4441:Muhammad Rashid Rida
4439:The Islamic scholar
4284:Sultan Abdul Hamid I
4231:participated on the
4115:Natana J. DeLong-Bas
4049:Dhiraar ibn al-Azwar
3563:Ibn Hajar al Haytami
3537:. He criticised the
3219:Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzi
3153:Miracles of Muhammad
3137:Prophethood in Islam
2312:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2269:Islamic Government:
907:drawing human images
484:, and reformer from
480:, religious leader,
327:Muhammad Rashid Rida
293:Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali
15365:Islamic Declaration
14914:Young Kashgar Party
14169:Fatima al-Fudayliya
14011:Abdul-Razzaq Gilani
13899:Abu Bakr al-Khallal
13669:. pp. 252–53.
13585:. pp. 125–57.
13551:. pp. 112–13.
13507:Shahin, Emad El-Din
13402:. pp. 231–32.
13181:. pp. 151–66.
13146:. pp. 245–47.
13107:. pp. 81–100.
13061:. pp. 260–61.
12812:World Heritage Site
12487:The Washington Post
12483:U.S. troops in Iraq
12413:. Washington, D.C.
12263:The Huffington Post
12237:on 27 November 2014
12057:Baltimore, Maryland
10909:. pp. 434–435.
9450:Salafi Publications
9400:Salafi Publications
9078:Ibn Abd al-Wahhab,
8766:"Ibn Abd al-Wahhab"
7920:(1–2). Brill: 216.
7660:10.5070/N4161038736
7304:) by making signs (
6996:Die Welt des Islams
6823:The Huffington Post
6179:. pp. 469–70.
5892:(The Book of Trust)
5800:Kashf ush-Shubuhaat
5790:(The book of Allah)
5635:Politics portal
5385:Jamal al-Din Qasimi
5124:'s agenda for its "
5122:Bush Administration
5086:Bush Administration
4949:Satoru Nakamura of
4893:", Islamic scholar
4738:Islamic Renaissance
4719:knowledge of hadith
4697:Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz
4353:, Ottoman empire's
4187:Emirate of Dirʿiyya
4061:political scientist
4002:Emirate of Dirʿiyya
2644:Politics portal
2597:Islam and modernity
2273:("Velayat-e faqih")
2255:Ma'alim fi al-Tariq
1404:Emirate of Dirʿiyya
1097:Zayd ibn al-Khattab
1082:, God's messenger."
889:, aversion for the
774:Pilgrimage to Mecca
673:, a village in the
15423:Algerian Civil War
15398:Iranian Revolution
15357:Islamic Government
15255:Islam and violence
15229:Juhayman al-Otaybi
15142:Sub-Saharan Africa
14887:Authenticity Party
14655:Qazi Hussain Ahmad
14462:Muslim Brotherhood
14311:Islamic governance
13987:Abdul Qadir Gilani
13911:Abu Bakr al-Ajurri
13517:. pp. 29–30.
13461:What Is a Madrasa?
13436:. pp. 56–76.
13354:Palgrave Macmillan
13309:Palgrave Macmillan
13171:Hegghammer, Thomas
13105:Palgrave Macmillan
12831:The New York Times
12164:on 12 August 2014.
11743:The Road to Makkah
11305:. 17 October 2008.
10565:. pp. 56–57.
10551:El Fadl, Khaled A.
10121:on 11 January 2015
9681:, pp. 112–13.
7444:– via Brill.
6816:(30 March 2017) .
6308:, pp. 231–32.
6235:. 29 December 2021
6215:, pp. 245–47.
6114:. 29 December 2021
6085:Rashidun Caliphate
5947:
5923:Emirate of Diriyah
5830:Nawaaqid al Islaam
5824:Al-Usool us Sittah
5746:in 2010. In 2011,
5698:
5596:Authenticity Party
5497:Related ideologies
5375:Syed Nazeer Husain
5370:Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
5340:Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
5142:Second Saudi State
5066:post-9/11 hysteria
5024:Deobandi Jihadists
4969:. In 2010, Prince
4927:Tawhid-i-Rububiyat
4923:Tawhid-i-Uluhiyyat
4916:Islamic revivalist
4765:age of Renaissance
4579:and the Prophet's
4506:Ali Bey el Abbassi
4390:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
4108:People of the Book
4103:capital punishment
4041:karāmāt al-awliyāʾ
3687:On Islamic revival
3266:Prophetic miracles
3255:Tawhid al-ulūhiyya
3235:was afflicted by "
3228:qiṣṣat al-gharānīq
2703:
2542:Khaled Abu al-Fadl
2518:Criticism of Islam
2380:Qazi Hussain Ahmad
2198:Sub-Saharan Africa
2158:Muslim Brotherhood
2143:Iranian Revolution
2053:Islamic Golden Age
1906:Islamic governance
1745:Saudi royal family
1335:
1331:Emirate of Diriyah
1308:Emirate of Diriyah
1233:
1178:
1020:
971:Return to 'Uyaynah
786:Greater Pilgrimage
659:
615:Emirate of Diriyah
461:(1703–1792) was a
264:Influenced by
221:(Islamic theology)
105:Emirate of Diriyah
39:محمد بن عبد الوهاب
15576:
15575:
15553:
15552:
15549:
15548:
15297:
15296:
15293:
15292:
15265:Islamic terrorism
15260:Islamic extremism
15239:Ayman al-Zawahiri
15234:Omar Abdel-Rahman
15040:Militant Islamism
15029:
15028:
15025:
15024:
14961:Rabee al-Madkhali
14922:
14921:
14813:
14812:
14780:Haji Shariatullah
14740:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
14720:Abul A'la Maududi
14715:Ruhollah Khomeini
14705:Alija Izetbegović
14690:Rached Ghannouchi
14680:Necmettin Erbakan
14637:Political leaders
14631:
14630:
14623:Islamic modernism
14552:National Congress
14484:Political parties
14397:Two-nation theory
14331:Islamic socialism
14321:Islamic democracy
14207:
14206:
13999:Hammad al-Harrani
13940:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la
13641:978-90-04-43554-4
13602:Cusack, Carole M.
13503:Esposito, John L.
13388:Stewart, Devin J.
13380:Böwering, Gerhard
13245:Esposito, John L.
13122:978-1-137-31349-2
12984:(in Indonesian).
12580:978-0-415-67612-0
12529:978-1-032-19806-4
11973:. 18 March 2010.
11887:978-1-78308-388-6
11862:978-1-349-94965-6
11802:978-1-78308-388-6
11777:978-1-4744-5395-0
11715:978-0-19-094895-5
11617:978-0-9856326-9-4
11477:Bey, Ali (1816).
11438:978-0-9856326-9-4
10922:, pp. 63–75.
10699:978-1-315-56139-4
10612:978-1-78074-589-3
10572:978-0-06-118903-6
10359:978-0-86372-327-8
10334:978-0-8156-3753-0
10309:978-0-19-517632-2
10094:"Kitab al Fiqh".
10034:. pp. 17–20.
9600:van Donzel, E. J.
9503:978-90-04-46674-6
9431:978-1-78074-589-3
9351:(3–4): 340, 343.
9300:978-0-9856326-9-4
9275:978-0-9856326-9-4
9253:. pp. 58–60.
9221:978-1-032-19806-4
9046:978-0-02-866269-5
9021:978-90-04-46674-6
9008:Reichmuth, Stefan
8942:, pp. 29–30.
8927:, pp. 65–67.
8875:978-0-8156-3753-0
8850:978-0-86372-327-8
8736:978-1-78074-589-3
8656:978-0-9856326-9-4
8628:978-1-78074-589-3
8570:978-1-78074-589-3
8530:978-0-9856326-9-4
8447:History of Arabia
8416:978-1-032-19806-4
8383:978-1-78074-589-3
8166:978-1-78074-589-3
8141:978-1-78074-589-3
8119:Ibnsaud.info 2008
8105:978-0-521-76128-4
8062:978-1-78074-589-3
7998:978-0-300-17890-6
7362:van Donzel, E. J.
6923:on 12 July 2016.
6889:978-0-19-517632-2
6856:, pp. 56–76.
6649:van Donzel, E. J.
6578:, pp. 112–13
6566:, pp. 231–32
6542:978-0-8160-5454-1
6504:978-0-7007-1588-6
6427:978-0-19-517632-2
6387:978-0-300-17890-6
6040:
5884:Kitaabu l-Kabaair
5866:Mukhtasar al-Iman
5854:Fada'il al-Qur'an
5742:, was declared a
5740:First Saudi state
5680:
5679:
5569:by country/region
5380:Siddiq Hasan Khan
5193:Arabian Peninsula
5160:former golden age
5112:claimed before a
4986:Western Reception
4857:Arabian Peninsula
4847:Yusuf Al-Qārādawī
4816:Muhammad Zakariya
4699:considered him a
4419:In response, the
4132:By contemporaries
4059:According to the
3952:campaigns of the
3797:On social reforms
3706:strong belief in
3672:Maqasid al-Sharia
3346:
3247:Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī
3149:Miracles in Islam
3127:On the nature of
2884:Al-'Udhr bil Jahl
2875:) and idolaters (
2835:); seeking help (
2825:); supplication (
2678:
2677:
2552:Abdelwahab Meddeb
2480:Haji Shariatullah
2445:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
2430:Abul A'la Maududi
2420:Ruhollah Khomeini
2400:Rached Ghannouchi
2332:Alija Izetbegović
2317:Ruhollah Khomeini
2224:Rashīd Rīďha 1922
2124:by country/region
2013:Two-nation theory
1965:Islamic terrorism
1926:Islamic socialism
1916:Islamic democracy
1892:Apostasy in Islam
1863:by country/region
1594:Ottoman-Saudi war
1456:Mufīd al-mustafīd
1452:Muhammad ibn Saud
1339:First Saudi state
994:(jurisprudence),
961:Kalimat al-Ikhlas
938:Arabian Peninsula
804:of the authentic
763:Arabian Peninsula
729:Islamic sainthood
679:Islamic education
655:Arabian Peninsula
611:Muhammad bin Saud
515:according to the
456:
455:
444:
427:
410:
393:
376:
347:Su'ūd ash-Shuraim
317:Muhammad bin Saud
15676:
15609:Muslim reformers
15464:Anti-imperialism
15359:(Khomeini, 1970)
15335:(Khomeini, 1940)
15314:
15313:
15303:
15302:
15052:
15051:
15035:
15034:
14839:
14838:
14832:
14831:
14819:
14818:
14785:Hassan Al-Turabi
14597:United Arab List
14415:
14414:
14346:Islamic republic
14341:Islamic monarchy
14326:Islamic feminism
14249:
14248:
14234:
14227:
14220:
14211:
14210:
14105:Haji Bayram Wali
13870:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
13829:
13822:
13815:
13806:
13805:
13796:
13788:
13786:"Wahhābis"
13755:
13734:
13732:
13730:
13688:
13667:Cengage Learning
13653:
13633:
13622:Brill Publishers
13596:
13562:
13535:
13533:
13531:
13490:
13488:
13486:
13454:
13452:
13450:
13420:
13418:
13416:
13367:
13338:
13291:
13270:
13240:
13212:
13210:
13208:
13157:
13126:
13087:
13085:
13083:
13036:
13030:
13024:
13019:
13013:
13007:
12998:
12997:
12995:
12993:
12973:
12964:
12963:
12945:
12939:
12938:
12936:
12934:
12915:
12909:
12908:
12906:
12904:
12884:
12878:
12877:
12875:
12873:
12853:
12847:
12846:
12844:
12842:
12822:
12816:
12815:
12800:
12794:
12793:
12782:
12776:
12775:
12773:
12771:
12752:
12746:
12745:
12743:
12741:
12730:Beautiful Mosque
12722:
12716:
12715:
12713:
12711:
12696:
12690:
12689:
12687:
12685:
12674:Beautiful Mosque
12666:
12660:
12659:
12641:
12635:
12634:
12629:. Archived from
12618:
12612:
12611:
12602:. Archived from
12591:
12585:
12584:
12566:
12557:
12556:
12555:on 26 June 2019.
12551:. Archived from
12540:
12534:
12533:
12507:
12501:
12477:, Saudi Arabia,
12464:
12462:
12460:
12451:. 26 June 2003.
12445:Washington, D.C.
12433:
12427:
12426:
12424:
12422:
12397:
12391:
12390:
12388:
12386:
12380:
12357:
12348:
12342:
12341:
12339:
12329:
12309:
12303:
12302:
12286:
12280:
12279:
12277:
12275:
12253:
12247:
12246:
12244:
12242:
12221:Armstrong, Karen
12217:
12211:
12210:
12195:
12189:
12188:
12172:
12166:
12165:
12160:. Archived from
12150:
12144:
12143:
12125:
12119:
12118:
12101:
12099:
12097:
12081:
12075:
12074:
12048:
12042:
12041:
12025:
12016:Wright, Lawrence
12012:
12006:
12005:
11993:
11987:
11986:
11984:
11982:
11963:
11957:
11956:
11951:. Archived from
11939:
11933:
11932:
11924:
11918:
11917:
11901:
11892:
11891:
11873:
11867:
11866:
11840:
11834:
11833:
11813:
11807:
11806:
11788:
11782:
11781:
11763:
11757:
11756:
11738:
11732:
11726:
11720:
11719:
11699:
11693:
11692:
11674:
11668:
11667:
11649:
11643:
11642:
11628:
11622:
11621:
11603:
11597:
11596:
11574:
11568:
11567:
11545:
11539:
11538:
11516:
11510:
11509:
11491:
11485:
11484:
11474:
11468:
11467:
11449:
11443:
11442:
11424:
11415:
11414:
11393:
11387:
11386:
11364:
11358:
11357:
11342:
11336:
11335:
11313:
11307:
11306:
11303:Islami Education
11295:
11289:
11288:
11272:
11266:
11265:
11259:
11248:
11242:
11241:
11219:
11213:
11212:
11188:
11179:
11178:
11156:
11150:
11149:
11128:
11122:
11116:
11110:
11109:
11086:
11080:
11079:
11056:Eric Tagliacozzo
11052:
11046:
11045:
11027:
11021:
11020:
11019:
11017:
11005:
10999:
10998:
10996:
10994:
10979:
10973:
10972:
10970:
10968:
10954:
10948:
10947:
10945:
10943:
10929:
10923:
10917:
10911:
10910:
10892:
10886:
10880:
10865:
10864:
10840:
10831:
10830:
10806:
10800:
10799:
10775:
10762:
10761:
10743:
10737:
10736:
10718:
10712:
10711:
10669:
10660:
10659:
10638:
10632:
10631:
10623:
10617:
10616:
10598:
10592:
10591:
10583:
10577:
10576:
10547:
10538:
10532:
10526:
10519:
10513:
10506:
10500:
10493:
10487:
10486:
10463:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10439:
10425:
10419:
10418:
10400:
10394:
10393:
10385:
10376:
10370:
10364:
10363:
10345:
10339:
10338:
10320:
10314:
10313:
10283:
10277:
10276:
10258:
10252:
10251:
10230:
10224:
10223:
10215:
10209:
10208:
10190:
10184:
10183:
10175:
10169:
10168:
10152:
10146:
10145:
10137:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10117:. Archived from
10106:
10100:
10099:
10091:
10085:
10084:
10068:
10062:
10061:
10042:
10036:
10035:
10027:
10021:
10020:
9980:
9974:
9973:
9955:
9949:
9948:
9934:
9928:
9927:
9909:
9903:
9902:
9888:
9882:
9881:
9873:
9867:
9866:
9852:
9846:
9845:
9827:
9821:
9820:
9819:. pp. 3–14.
9802:
9793:
9792:
9784:
9778:
9777:
9756:
9750:
9744:
9738:
9737:
9710:
9704:
9688:
9682:
9679:Silverstein 2010
9676:
9661:
9655:
9636:
9635:
9614:Brill Publishers
9604:Heinrichs, W. P.
9583:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9526:
9520:
9514:
9508:
9507:
9488:
9477:
9476:
9464:
9458:
9457:
9442:
9436:
9435:
9417:
9411:
9410:
9408:
9397:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9370:
9364:
9363:
9345:The Muslim World
9336:
9330:
9329:
9311:
9305:
9304:
9286:
9280:
9279:
9261:
9255:
9254:
9232:
9226:
9225:
9199:
9193:
9192:
9168:
9158:
9152:
9151:
9131:
9121:
9115:
9114:
9098:
9088:
9082:
9076:
9070:
9069:
9057:
9051:
9050:
9032:
9026:
9025:
9003:
8997:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8961:
8955:
8949:
8943:
8937:
8928:
8922:
8916:
8910:
8904:
8898:
8892:
8886:
8880:
8879:
8861:
8855:
8854:
8836:
8830:
8829:
8797:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8762:
8756:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8722:
8716:
8715:
8707:
8701:
8700:
8692:
8686:
8685:
8667:
8661:
8660:
8642:
8633:
8632:
8614:
8605:
8604:
8596:
8590:
8589:
8581:
8575:
8574:
8556:
8550:
8549:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8516:
8510:
8509:
8501:
8495:
8494:
8472:
8466:
8465:
8457:
8451:
8442:
8436:
8435:
8427:
8421:
8420:
8394:
8388:
8387:
8369:
8363:
8362:
8344:
8335:
8334:
8316:
8310:
8309:
8299:
8293:
8287:
8281:
8275:
8269:
8268:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8213:
8207:
8206:
8190:
8180:
8174:
8173:
8152:
8146:
8145:
8127:
8121:
8116:
8110:
8109:
8091:
8082:
8076:
8067:
8066:
8048:
8042:
8036:
8030:
8024:
8015:
8009:
8003:
8002:
7984:
7978:
7977:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7944:
7938:
7937:
7905:
7899:
7898:
7880:
7874:
7873:
7855:
7849:
7848:
7833:The Muslim World
7824:
7815:
7814:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7741:
7740:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7701:
7695:
7694:
7671:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7638:
7632:
7631:
7603:
7597:
7593:
7587:
7581:
7575:
7569:
7558:
7557:
7548:
7542:
7535:
7529:
7522:
7516:
7506:
7500:
7490:
7484:
7478:
7472:
7465:
7459:
7452:
7446:
7445:
7413:
7402:
7401:
7380:Brill Publishers
7374:. Vol. 11.
7366:Heinrichs, W. P.
7345:
7339:
7332:
7326:
7315:
7309:
7294:
7288:
7282:
7273:
7267:
7261:
7255:
7246:
7229:
7223:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7190:
7177:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7150:
7145:
7130:
7124:
7115:
7114:, pp. 82–3.
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7074:
7061:
7055:
7049:
7048:
7013:Brill Publishers
6990:
6977:
6976:
6958:
6949:
6946:
6927:
6919:. Archived from
6900:
6894:
6893:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6814:Crooke, Alastair
6810:
6801:
6795:
6780:
6774:
6761:
6760:
6742:
6736:
6735:
6734:on 12 July 2016.
6730:. Archived from
6720:
6714:
6713:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6667:Brill Publishers
6661:. Vol. 11.
6653:Heinrichs, W. P.
6632:
6587:
6576:Silverstein 2010
6558:
6552:
6549:
6527:
6508:
6489:
6487:interpretations.
6464:
6458:
6457:
6456:on 12 July 2016.
6452:. Archived from
6442:
6436:
6435:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6315:
6309:
6303:
6280:
6274:
6268:
6262:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6225:
6216:
6210:
6204:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6173:Lanham, Maryland
6164:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6153:
6130:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6112:Encyclopedia.com
6104:
6088:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6050:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6025:
5918:Wahhabi Movement
5896:Al-Radd 'ala al-
5848:Fada'il al-Islam
5672:
5665:
5658:
5646:Islam portal
5644:
5643:
5642:
5633:
5632:
5606:Takfir wal-Hijra
5279:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5251:
5250:
5183:
5094:Neo-conservative
5022:often conflated
5016:Qutbist doctrine
4845:Islamic scholar
4840:Muslim societies
4838:in contemporary
4824:Yusuf Kandhalawi
4759:"Just as in the
4753:Rached Gannouchi
4726:Austro-Hungarian
4666:Modern reception
4599:military leader
4561:Islamic scholar
4394:tomb of Muhammad
4370:pillars of Islam
4258:Quranic passages
4152:Wahhabi movement
4138:Islamic scholars
4019:On Muslim saints
3581:Khalil ibn Ishaq
3567:Tuhfat al Muhtaj
3478:(allowance) and
3351:
3341:
3339:
3188:and prohibiting
2890:(polytheism) or
2795:" (Unitarians).
2740:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2642:
2641:
2633:Islam portal
2631:
2630:
2629:
2535:in North America
2485:Hassan Al-Turabi
2435:Abul Hasan Nadwi
2043:Anti-imperialism
1941:Islamic republic
1936:Islamic monarchy
1921:Islamic feminism
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1695:Fall of Dir'iyah
1546:(allegiance) to
1143:Ahmad Ibn Hanbal
1034:("phrases"), or
1026:("principles"),
1016:Usul al-Thalatha
932:Journey to Basra
721:Islamic theology
700:of Hanbali law.
645:Banī Tamim Tribe
494:Wahhabi movement
438:
421:
404:
387:
370:
273:Ahmad Ibn Hanbal
239:
215:Main interest(s)
96:
74:
72:
28:
27:
15684:
15683:
15679:
15678:
15677:
15675:
15674:
15673:
15639:Proto-Salafists
15614:Anti-Ottomanism
15579:
15578:
15577:
15572:
15545:
15541:Political Islam
15519:
15488:
15484:Islamic revival
15452:
15385:
15379:
15375:(Gaddafi, 1975)
15308:
15289:
15243:
15214:Osama bin Laden
15199:Anwar al-Awlaki
15182:
15176:in North Africa
15123:Lashkar-e-Taiba
15071:
15067:Salafi jihadism
15046:
15021:
14990:
14956:Safar al-Hawali
14918:
14868:
14826:
14824:Salafi movement
14809:
14685:Muammar Gaddafi
14670:Hassan al-Banna
14638:
14627:
14601:
14532:Jamiat-e Islami
14478:
14452:Jamaat-e-Islami
14440:in Central Asia
14418:Socio-political
14406:
14294:
14283:Salafi jihadism
14243:
14238:
14208:
14203:
14174:
14139:
14110:
14081:Ibn Abd al-Hadi
14051:
14016:
13969:
13922:
13887:
13858:
13838:
13833:
13779:
13762:
13752:
13728:
13726:
13724:
13696:
13694:Further reading
13691:
13677:
13642:
13593:
13559:
13529:
13527:
13525:
13495:Saeed, Abdullah
13484:
13482:
13480:
13448:
13446:
13444:
13414:
13412:
13410:
13384:Crone, Patricia
13372:Haykel, Bernard
13364:
13327:
13288:
13267:
13259:. p. 123.
13237:
13206:
13204:
13197:
13167:Haykel, Bernard
13154:
13144:Wiley-Blackwell
13123:
13081:
13079:
13069:
13044:
13039:
13031:
13027:
13020:
13016:
13008:
13001:
12991:
12989:
12974:
12967:
12960:
12946:
12942:
12932:
12930:
12917:
12916:
12912:
12902:
12900:
12885:
12881:
12871:
12869:
12854:
12850:
12840:
12838:
12823:
12819:
12802:
12801:
12797:
12784:
12783:
12779:
12769:
12767:
12762:. 29 May 2017.
12754:
12753:
12749:
12739:
12737:
12724:
12723:
12719:
12709:
12707:
12706:on 19 June 2015
12698:
12697:
12693:
12683:
12681:
12668:
12667:
12663:
12656:
12642:
12638:
12633:on 1 July 2023.
12619:
12615:
12592:
12588:
12581:
12567:
12560:
12541:
12537:
12530:
12508:
12504:
12458:
12456:
12441:www.govinfo.gov
12435:
12434:
12430:
12420:
12418:
12398:
12394:
12384:
12382:
12378:
12355:
12349:
12345:
12310:
12306:
12295:NewAgeIslam.com
12287:
12283:
12273:
12271:
12254:
12250:
12240:
12238:
12218:
12214:
12196:
12192:
12173:
12169:
12152:
12151:
12147:
12140:
12126:
12122:
12115:
12095:
12093:
12082:
12078:
12071:
12049:
12045:
12038:
12013:
12009:
11994:
11990:
11980:
11978:
11965:
11964:
11960:
11955:on 1 July 2023.
11940:
11936:
11925:
11921:
11902:
11895:
11888:
11874:
11870:
11863:
11841:
11837:
11814:
11810:
11803:
11789:
11785:
11778:
11764:
11760:
11753:
11739:
11735:
11727:
11723:
11716:
11700:
11696:
11689:
11675:
11671:
11650:
11646:
11629:
11625:
11618:
11604:
11600:
11589:
11575:
11571:
11560:
11546:
11542:
11531:
11517:
11513:
11506:
11492:
11488:
11475:
11471:
11464:
11450:
11446:
11439:
11425:
11418:
11408:
11394:
11390:
11379:
11365:
11361:
11352:. August 2015.
11344:
11343:
11339:
11328:
11314:
11310:
11297:
11296:
11292:
11273:
11269:
11257:
11254:Kitab At-Tauhid
11249:
11245:
11234:
11220:
11216:
11205:
11189:
11182:
11171:
11157:
11153:
11143:
11129:
11125:
11117:
11113:
11106:
11088:
11087:
11083:
11076:
11068:. p. 125.
11053:
11049:
11042:
11028:
11024:
11015:
11013:
11007:
11006:
11002:
10992:
10990:
10981:
10980:
10976:
10966:
10964:
10962:en.rattibha.com
10956:
10955:
10951:
10941:
10939:
10931:
10930:
10926:
10918:
10914:
10893:
10889:
10881:
10868:
10857:
10841:
10834:
10823:
10807:
10803:
10792:
10776:
10765:
10758:
10744:
10740:
10733:
10719:
10715:
10700:
10670:
10663:
10653:
10639:
10635:
10624:
10620:
10613:
10599:
10595:
10584:
10580:
10573:
10548:
10541:
10535:Delong-Bas 2004
10533:
10529:
10523:Kitab al-Tawhid
10520:
10516:
10510:Kitab al-Tawhid
10507:
10503:
10497:Kitab al-Tawhid
10494:
10490:
10483:
10464:
10447:
10437:
10435:
10426:
10422:
10415:
10401:
10397:
10386:
10379:
10373:Delong-Bas 2004
10371:
10367:
10360:
10346:
10342:
10335:
10322:
10321:
10317:
10310:
10284:
10280:
10273:
10259:
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10227:
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10205:
10191:
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10122:
10107:
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10065:
10043:
10039:
10028:
10024:
9981:
9977:
9970:
9956:
9952:
9935:
9931:
9924:
9910:
9906:
9889:
9885:
9874:
9870:
9853:
9849:
9842:
9828:
9824:
9803:
9796:
9785:
9781:
9771:
9757:
9753:
9747:Delong-Bas 2004
9745:
9741:
9711:
9707:
9701:Wayback Machine
9689:
9685:
9677:
9664:
9656:
9639:
9632:
9596:Bosworth, C. E.
9584:
9573:
9563:
9561:
9554:
9546:. p. 222.
9527:
9523:
9515:
9511:
9504:
9489:
9480:
9465:
9461:
9444:
9443:
9439:
9432:
9418:
9414:
9406:
9395:
9389:
9385:
9371:
9367:
9337:
9333:
9326:
9312:
9308:
9301:
9287:
9283:
9276:
9262:
9258:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9229:
9222:
9200:
9196:
9185:
9159:
9155:
9140:
9122:
9118:
9107:
9089:
9085:
9080:Kitab al-Tawhid
9077:
9073:
9058:
9054:
9047:
9033:
9029:
9022:
9004:
9000:
8992:
8988:
8978:
8976:
8963:
8962:
8958:
8950:
8946:
8938:
8931:
8923:
8919:
8911:
8907:
8899:
8895:
8887:
8883:
8876:
8862:
8858:
8851:
8837:
8833:
8798:
8789:
8779:
8777:
8764:
8763:
8759:
8748:
8744:
8737:
8723:
8719:
8708:
8704:
8693:
8689:
8682:
8668:
8664:
8657:
8643:
8636:
8629:
8615:
8608:
8597:
8593:
8582:
8578:
8571:
8557:
8553:
8542:
8538:
8531:
8517:
8513:
8502:
8498:
8487:
8473:
8469:
8458:
8454:
8443:
8439:
8428:
8424:
8417:
8395:
8391:
8384:
8370:
8366:
8359:
8345:
8338:
8331:
8317:
8313:
8302:Naghma (2015).
8300:
8296:
8288:
8284:
8276:
8272:
8261:
8245:
8241:
8230:
8214:
8210:
8203:
8181:
8177:
8167:
8153:
8149:
8142:
8128:
8124:
8117:
8113:
8106:
8092:
8085:
8079:Delong-Bas 2004
8077:
8070:
8063:
8049:
8045:
8037:
8033:
8027:Delong-Bas 2004
8025:
8018:
8010:
8006:
7999:
7985:
7981:
7974:
7960:
7956:
7945:
7941:
7906:
7902:
7895:
7881:
7877:
7870:
7856:
7852:
7825:
7818:
7811:
7789:
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7756:
7748:
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7702:
7698:
7672:
7668:
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7604:
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7594:
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7578:
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7561:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7536:
7532:
7523:
7519:
7507:
7503:
7491:
7487:
7479:
7475:
7466:
7462:
7453:
7449:
7414:
7405:
7398:
7358:Bosworth, C. E.
7346:
7342:
7333:
7329:
7316:
7312:
7295:
7291:
7283:
7276:
7268:
7264:
7256:
7249:
7243:Wayback Machine
7230:
7226:
7218:
7214:
7207:
7191:
7180:
7172:
7168:
7160:
7153:
7146:
7133:
7125:
7118:
7110:
7106:
7096:
7094:
7075:
7064:
7056:
7052:
6991:
6980:
6973:
6959:
6952:
6943:
6911:
6908:, pp. 82–3
6901:
6897:
6890:
6864:
6860:
6852:
6843:
6833:
6831:
6811:
6804:
6796:
6783:
6775:
6764:
6757:
6743:
6739:
6722:
6721:
6717:
6710:
6696:
6692:
6685:
6645:Bosworth, C. E.
6633:
6590:
6584:, pp. 82–3
6559:
6555:
6543:
6524:
6505:
6482:
6465:
6461:
6444:
6443:
6439:
6428:
6402:
6398:
6388:
6374:
6370:
6360:
6358:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6338:
6316:
6312:
6304:
6283:
6277:Wagemakers 2021
6275:
6271:
6263:
6248:
6238:
6236:
6227:
6226:
6219:
6211:
6207:
6199:
6195:
6186:
6165:
6161:
6151:
6149:
6148:on 15 July 2020
6132:
6131:
6127:
6117:
6115:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6092:
6091:
6066:
6062:
6052:
6051:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6012:
5936:
5909:
5904:
5794:Kitab at-Tawhid
5765:
5732:Turaif district
5706:national mosque
5676:
5640:
5638:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5586:
5576:
5575:
5544:Salafi jihadism
5499:
5489:
5488:
5447:
5437:
5436:
5365:
5355:
5354:
5325:Ibn Abd al-Hadi
5295:
5285:
5268:Salafi movement
5266:
5265:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5235:Islamic studies
5227:Kobe University
5216:Jihadi-Salafism
5185:
5170:
5129:
5072:had designated
5059:Salafi jihadism
5051:Salafi Jihadist
5018:with Salafism.
5012:Salafi jihadism
4988:
4951:Kobe University
4796:Deobandi school
4687:tradition as a
4668:
4571:Islamic revival
4521:, during whose
4134:
4129:
4101:he stated that
4096:Islamic prophet
4090:who believe in
4076:Kitāb at-Tawḥīd
4057:
4027:
4021:
3988:
3980:Main articles:
3978:
3970:Islamic scholar
3946:hadith sciences
3874:
3868:
3805:
3799:
3738:
3695:
3689:
3445:
3439:
3362:Islamic studies
3358:Salafi movement
3326:
3155:
3133:
2978:
2970:Main articles:
2968:
2954:and forbidding
2808:Islamic prophet
2800:Kitāb at-Tawḥīd
2789:Kitab al-Tawhid
2731:Kitāb at-Tawḥīd
2699:Kitab al-Tawhid
2692:
2686:
2674:
2636:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2508:
2500:
2499:
2395:Hassan al-Banna
2365:
2357:
2356:
2307:Muammar Gaddafi
2292:
2284:
2283:
2270:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2148:Jamaat-e-Islami
2071:
2063:
2062:
2058:Islamic revival
2033:
2025:
2024:
1982:Political Islam
1887:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1853:Salafi movement
1831:
1823:
1822:
1788:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1753:moral authority
1749:Salafi doctrine
1723:Emirate of Nejd
1691:hadith sciences
1683:Islamic scholar
1620:
1614:
1578:Aal Ash-Shaykhs
1567:Aal Ash-Shaykhs
1534:
1478:
1433:
1363:
1357:
1324:
1310:
1304:
1258:Aal Saud family
1250:nascent Emirate
1167:
1161:
1147:sharif of Mecca
1114:, the chief of
1000:hadith sciences
980:His leave from
978:
976:Early preaching
973:
965:Kitab al-Tawhid
934:
824:
818:
812:of their time.
782:
776:
771:
706:
647:
637:
588:. His call for
403:Teknonymic
386:Patronymic
354:
351:
310:
309:
300:
297:
266:
265:
230:Kitāb at-Tawḥīd
226:Notable work(s)
159:
130:
129:
107:
98:
94:
85:
76:
70:
68:
40:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
15682:
15672:
15671:
15666:
15661:
15656:
15651:
15646:
15641:
15636:
15631:
15626:
15621:
15616:
15611:
15606:
15601:
15596:
15591:
15574:
15573:
15571:
15570:
15565:
15558:
15555:
15554:
15551:
15550:
15547:
15546:
15544:
15543:
15538:
15533:
15527:
15525:
15524:Related topics
15521:
15520:
15518:
15517:
15515:United Kingdom
15512:
15507:
15502:
15496:
15494:
15490:
15489:
15487:
15486:
15481:
15476:
15471:
15466:
15460:
15458:
15454:
15453:
15451:
15450:
15445:
15440:
15435:
15430:
15428:Faith campaign
15425:
15420:
15415:
15410:
15405:
15400:
15395:
15389:
15387:
15381:
15380:
15378:
15377:
15373:The Green Book
15369:
15361:
15353:
15345:
15337:
15329:
15327:(Iqbal, 1930s)
15325:Reconstruction
15320:
15318:
15310:
15309:
15299:
15298:
15295:
15294:
15291:
15290:
15288:
15287:
15285:Talibanization
15282:
15277:
15272:
15267:
15262:
15257:
15251:
15249:
15245:
15244:
15242:
15241:
15236:
15231:
15226:
15221:
15219:Akhtar Mansour
15216:
15211:
15206:
15201:
15196:
15190:
15188:
15184:
15183:
15181:
15180:
15179:
15178:
15173:
15168:
15158:
15157:
15156:
15155:
15154:
15149:
15139:
15138:
15137:
15130:Southeast Asia
15127:
15126:
15125:
15120:
15110:
15109:
15108:
15103:
15098:
15096:Fatah al-Islam
15093:
15079:
15077:
15073:
15072:
15070:
15069:
15064:
15058:
15056:
15048:
15047:
15031:
15030:
15027:
15026:
15023:
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15019:
15014:
15009:
15004:
14998:
14996:
14992:
14991:
14989:
14988:
14983:
14978:
14976:Salman al-Ouda
14973:
14968:
14963:
14958:
14953:
14948:
14943:
14938:
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14924:
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14906:
14905:
14904:
14894:
14889:
14884:
14878:
14876:
14870:
14869:
14867:
14866:
14861:
14859:Sahwa movement
14856:
14851:
14845:
14843:
14836:
14828:
14827:
14815:
14814:
14811:
14810:
14808:
14807:
14802:
14797:
14792:
14787:
14782:
14777:
14772:
14767:
14762:
14757:
14755:Ata Abu Rashta
14752:
14747:
14742:
14737:
14732:
14727:
14722:
14717:
14712:
14707:
14702:
14700:Muhammad Iqbal
14697:
14692:
14687:
14682:
14677:
14672:
14667:
14662:
14657:
14652:
14647:
14645:Muhammad Abduh
14641:
14639:
14636:
14633:
14632:
14629:
14628:
14626:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14609:
14607:
14603:
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14600:
14599:
14594:
14589:
14584:
14582:Fatah Alliance
14579:
14574:
14569:
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14559:
14554:
14549:
14544:
14539:
14534:
14529:
14524:
14519:
14514:
14509:
14504:
14499:
14494:
14488:
14486:
14480:
14479:
14477:
14476:
14475:
14474:
14469:
14459:
14454:
14449:
14444:
14443:
14442:
14437:
14430:Hizb ut-Tahrir
14427:
14421:
14419:
14412:
14408:
14407:
14405:
14404:
14399:
14394:
14389:
14382:
14377:
14372:
14367:
14366:
14365:
14355:
14350:
14349:
14348:
14343:
14333:
14328:
14323:
14318:
14313:
14308:
14302:
14300:
14296:
14295:
14293:
14292:
14287:
14286:
14285:
14275:
14274:
14273:
14263:
14257:
14255:
14245:
14244:
14237:
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14214:
14205:
14204:
14202:
14201:
14196:
14191:
14186:
14179:
14176:
14175:
14173:
14172:
14166:
14165:(1699–1793/94)
14160:
14154:
14147:
14145:
14141:
14140:
14138:
14137:
14131:
14125:
14122:Mar'i al-Karmi
14118:
14116:
14112:
14111:
14109:
14108:
14102:
14096:
14090:
14084:
14078:
14072:
14066:
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14018:
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13840:
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13831:
13824:
13817:
13809:
13803:
13802:
13797:
13778:
13777:External links
13775:
13774:
13773:
13761:
13758:
13757:
13756:
13751:978-0231700689
13750:
13735:
13723:978-0970376657
13722:
13707:
13705:978-1849044646
13695:
13692:
13690:
13689:
13676:978-1305633773
13675:
13654:
13640:
13606:Upal, M. Afzal
13597:
13592:978-0748637928
13591:
13563:
13558:978-0199545728
13557:
13536:
13524:978-0195395891
13523:
13491:
13479:978-1469620138
13478:
13455:
13443:978-9774164996
13442:
13421:
13409:978-0691134840
13408:
13368:
13363:978-1349287215
13362:
13356:. p. 48.
13339:
13326:978-3030511241
13325:
13292:
13286:
13271:
13265:
13247:, ed. (2004).
13241:
13235:
13213:
13196:978-1139047586
13195:
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13152:
13127:
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12403:(March 2015).
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12145:
12139:978-1850653608
12138:
12120:
12114:978-0415664523
12113:
12076:
12070:978-0801890550
12069:
12063:. p. 48.
12043:
12037:978-0375414862
12036:
12030:. p. 79.
12007:
12004:. p. 172.
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11204:978-1850437574
11203:
11180:
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11105:978-1412844871
11104:
11081:
11075:978-9971694241
11074:
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11000:
10987:www.alukah.net
10974:
10949:
10937:al-maktaba.org
10924:
10912:
10887:
10885:, p. 212.
10866:
10856:978-1850437574
10855:
10832:
10822:978-1850437574
10821:
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10791:978-1850437574
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10698:
10692:. p. 66.
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9904:
9883:
9868:
9847:
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9822:
9794:
9779:
9769:
9751:
9739:
9721:. p. ix.
9705:
9683:
9662:
9660:, p. 151.
9637:
9631:978-9004161214
9630:
9588:Bearman, P. J.
9571:
9553:978-0804747684
9552:
9521:
9509:
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9478:
9459:
9437:
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9184:978-1845110802
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8511:
8496:
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8437:
8422:
8415:
8389:
8382:
8364:
8357:
8336:
8329:
8311:
8294:
8282:
8270:
8260:978-1476608815
8259:
8239:
8229:978-0313344428
8228:
8208:
8201:
8175:
8165:
8147:
8140:
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8083:
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8016:
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7850:
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7809:
7783:
7772:
7754:
7742:
7719:
7696:
7666:
7633:
7598:
7588:
7576:
7559:
7543:
7530:
7517:
7501:
7493:Jalal Abualrub
7485:
7473:
7460:
7447:
7403:
7397:978-9004161214
7396:
7350:Bearman, P. J.
7340:
7327:
7310:
7289:
7274:
7262:
7247:
7224:
7212:
7206:978-1134653195
7205:
7178:
7166:
7151:
7131:
7116:
7104:
7062:
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6978:
6971:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6941:
6928:
6909:
6895:
6888:
6858:
6841:
6802:
6800:, p. 260.
6781:
6779:, p. 123.
6762:
6755:
6737:
6715:
6708:
6690:
6684:978-9004161214
6683:
6637:Bearman, P. J.
6588:
6586:
6585:
6579:
6573:
6567:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6541:
6528:
6522:
6509:
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6490:
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6459:
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6426:
6396:
6386:
6368:
6343:
6336:
6310:
6281:
6279:, p. 341.
6269:
6267:, p. 245.
6246:
6233:Britannica.com
6217:
6205:
6201:Halverson 2010
6193:
6177:AltaMira Press
6159:
6125:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6060:
6019:
6018:
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6013:
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5990:Lam' al-Shihab
5986:
5985:
5974:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5890:Kitabu l-Imaan
5887:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5845:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5803:
5797:
5791:
5788:Kitab al-Quran
5785:
5779:
5764:
5761:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5623:
5622:
5619:
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5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5587:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5534:Sahwa movement
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5427:
5425:Zubair Ali Zai
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5366:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5345:Ismail Dehlavi
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5280:
5272:
5271:
5248:
5245:
5205:Aal al-Shaykhs
5151:
4987:
4984:
4812:Tabligh Jamaat
4667:
4664:
4557:historian and
4421:British Indian
4207:Ottoman Empire
4195:Tarikh an-Najd
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4068:anti-Christian
4056:
4055:On non-Muslims
4053:
4020:
4017:
3977:
3974:
3872:Women in Islam
3867:
3864:
3798:
3795:
3737:
3734:
3688:
3685:
3486:
3485:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3441:Main article:
3438:
3432:
3392:Abdullah Saeed
3369:themselves as
3325:
3322:
3314:cult of saints
3244:hadith scholar
3145:Satanic Verses
3132:
3125:
3075:hadith scholar
3061:Usul al-Sittah
3026:, opinions of
2967:
2961:
2688:Main article:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
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2650:
2647:
2646:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2593:
2590:Related topics
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2557:Maryam Namazie
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2538:
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2509:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2460:Ata Abu Rashta
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2410:Muhammad Iqbal
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:Muhammad Abduh
2366:
2364:Key ideologues
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2347:House of Thani
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2302:Omar al-Bashir
2299:
2293:
2291:Heads of state
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2264:
2257:("Milestones")
2251:
2239:
2227:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2193:Southeast Asia
2190:
2185:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2138:Hizb ut-Tahrir
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2111:
2109:Sahwa movement
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Dawat-e-Islami
2081:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:Anti-communism
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1955:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1938:
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1918:
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1760:
1757:
1699:Ras al-Khaimah
1616:Main article:
1613:
1610:
1533:
1530:
1482:Ismāʿīlī Shīʿa
1477:
1474:
1432:
1429:
1356:
1353:
1306:Main article:
1303:
1300:
1263:Aal ash-Sheikh
1160:
1157:
977:
974:
972:
969:
933:
930:
887:hadith studies
817:
814:
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767:
705:
702:
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633:
590:social reforms
490:central Arabia
454:
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437:Toponymic
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15:
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15556:
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15482:
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15472:
15470:
15467:
15465:
15462:
15461:
15459:
15455:
15449:
15446:
15444:
15441:
15439:
15438:War on terror
15436:
15434:
15431:
15429:
15426:
15424:
15421:
15419:
15416:
15414:
15411:
15409:
15406:
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15399:
15396:
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15382:
15376:
15374:
15370:
15368:
15366:
15362:
15360:
15358:
15354:
15352:
15350:
15346:
15344:
15342:
15338:
15336:
15334:
15330:
15328:
15326:
15322:
15321:
15319:
15315:
15311:
15304:
15300:
15286:
15283:
15281:
15278:
15276:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15252:
15250:
15246:
15240:
15237:
15235:
15232:
15230:
15227:
15225:
15222:
15220:
15217:
15215:
15212:
15210:
15207:
15205:
15202:
15200:
15197:
15195:
15192:
15191:
15189:
15187:Major figures
15185:
15177:
15174:
15172:
15169:
15167:
15164:
15163:
15162:
15159:
15153:
15150:
15148:
15145:
15144:
15143:
15140:
15136:
15133:
15132:
15131:
15128:
15124:
15121:
15119:
15116:
15115:
15114:
15111:
15107:
15104:
15102:
15099:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15088:
15087:
15084:
15083:
15081:
15080:
15078:
15074:
15068:
15065:
15063:
15060:
15059:
15057:
15053:
15049:
15045:
15041:
15036:
15032:
15018:
15015:
15013:
15010:
15008:
15005:
15003:
15000:
14999:
14997:
14993:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14981:Ali al-Tamimi
14979:
14977:
14974:
14972:
14969:
14967:
14964:
14962:
14959:
14957:
14954:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14942:
14939:
14937:
14934:
14933:
14931:
14929:
14928:Major figures
14925:
14915:
14912:
14910:
14907:
14903:
14902:Islamist Bloc
14900:
14899:
14898:
14897:Al-Nour Party
14895:
14893:
14890:
14888:
14885:
14883:
14880:
14879:
14877:
14875:
14871:
14865:
14862:
14860:
14857:
14855:
14852:
14850:
14847:
14846:
14844:
14840:
14837:
14833:
14829:
14825:
14820:
14816:
14806:
14803:
14801:
14798:
14796:
14793:
14791:
14788:
14786:
14783:
14781:
14778:
14776:
14773:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14765:Navvab Safavi
14763:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14751:
14750:Tariq Ramadan
14748:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14738:
14736:
14733:
14731:
14728:
14726:
14723:
14721:
14718:
14716:
14713:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14696:
14695:Safwat Hegazi
14693:
14691:
14688:
14686:
14683:
14681:
14678:
14676:
14673:
14671:
14668:
14666:
14665:Muhammad Asad
14663:
14661:
14658:
14656:
14653:
14651:
14648:
14646:
14643:
14642:
14640:
14634:
14624:
14621:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14610:
14608:
14604:
14598:
14595:
14593:
14590:
14588:
14585:
14583:
14580:
14578:
14577:Welfare Party
14575:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14545:
14543:
14540:
14538:
14535:
14533:
14530:
14528:
14525:
14523:
14520:
14518:
14515:
14513:
14510:
14508:
14505:
14503:
14500:
14498:
14495:
14493:
14490:
14489:
14487:
14485:
14481:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14464:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14441:
14438:
14436:
14433:
14432:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14422:
14420:
14416:
14413:
14409:
14403:
14400:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14392:Turkish model
14390:
14388:
14387:
14383:
14381:
14378:
14376:
14375:Post-Islamism
14373:
14371:
14368:
14364:
14361:
14360:
14359:
14356:
14354:
14351:
14347:
14344:
14342:
14339:
14338:
14337:
14336:Islamic state
14334:
14332:
14329:
14327:
14324:
14322:
14319:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14309:
14307:
14304:
14303:
14301:
14297:
14291:
14290:Shia Islamism
14288:
14284:
14281:
14280:
14279:
14276:
14272:
14269:
14268:
14267:
14264:
14262:
14259:
14258:
14256:
14254:
14250:
14246:
14242:
14235:
14230:
14228:
14223:
14221:
14216:
14215:
14212:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14181:
14177:
14170:
14167:
14164:
14161:
14158:
14155:
14152:
14149:
14148:
14146:
14142:
14135:
14132:
14129:
14126:
14123:
14120:
14119:
14117:
14113:
14106:
14103:
14100:
14097:
14094:
14091:
14088:
14085:
14082:
14079:
14076:
14073:
14070:
14067:
14064:
14061:
14060:
14058:
14054:
14047:
14044:
14041:
14038:
14035:
14032:
14029:
14026:
14025:
14023:
14019:
14012:
14009:
14006:
14003:
14000:
13997:
13994:
13991:
13988:
13985:
13982:
13979:
13978:
13976:
13972:
13965:
13962:
13959:
13956:
13953:
13950:
13947:
13944:
13941:
13938:
13935:
13932:
13931:
13929:
13925:
13918:
13915:
13912:
13909:
13906:
13903:
13900:
13897:
13896:
13894:
13890:
13883:
13880:
13877:
13874:
13871:
13868:
13867:
13865:
13861:
13854:
13851:
13849:
13845:
13844:
13841:
13837:
13830:
13825:
13823:
13818:
13816:
13811:
13810:
13807:
13801:
13798:
13794:
13793:
13787:
13781:
13780:
13771:
13767:
13764:
13763:
13753:
13747:
13743:
13742:
13736:
13725:
13719:
13715:
13714:
13708:
13706:
13702:
13698:
13697:
13686:
13682:
13678:
13672:
13668:
13664:
13660:
13655:
13651:
13647:
13643:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13623:
13619:
13615:
13611:
13607:
13603:
13598:
13594:
13588:
13584:
13581:. Edinburgh:
13580:
13576:
13572:
13568:
13564:
13560:
13554:
13550:
13546:
13542:
13537:
13526:
13520:
13516:
13512:
13508:
13504:
13500:
13496:
13492:
13481:
13475:
13471:
13467:
13463:
13462:
13456:
13445:
13439:
13435:
13431:
13427:
13422:
13411:
13405:
13401:
13397:
13393:
13389:
13385:
13381:
13377:
13373:
13369:
13365:
13359:
13355:
13351:
13347:
13346:
13340:
13336:
13332:
13328:
13322:
13318:
13314:
13310:
13306:
13302:
13298:
13293:
13289:
13287:9780710313560
13283:
13280:. Routledge.
13279:
13278:
13272:
13268:
13262:
13258:
13254:
13250:
13246:
13242:
13238:
13232:
13228:
13224:
13223:
13218:
13214:
13202:
13198:
13192:
13188:
13184:
13180:
13176:
13172:
13168:
13164:
13159:
13155:
13149:
13145:
13141:
13137:
13133:
13128:
13124:
13118:
13114:
13110:
13106:
13102:
13098:
13094:
13089:
13078:
13074:
13070:
13064:
13060:
13059:Facts On File
13056:
13052:
13047:
13046:
13034:
13033:Vasilʹev 1998
13029:
13023:
13018:
13011:
13010:Vasilʹev 1998
13006:
13004:
12987:
12983:
12979:
12972:
12970:
12961:
12959:0-19-516991-3
12955:
12951:
12944:
12928:
12924:
12920:
12914:
12898:
12894:
12890:
12883:
12867:
12863:
12859:
12852:
12836:
12832:
12828:
12821:
12813:
12809:
12805:
12799:
12791:
12787:
12781:
12765:
12761:
12757:
12751:
12735:
12731:
12727:
12721:
12705:
12701:
12695:
12679:
12675:
12671:
12665:
12657:
12655:9780674050372
12651:
12647:
12640:
12632:
12628:
12624:
12617:
12610:
12605:
12601:
12597:
12590:
12582:
12576:
12572:
12565:
12563:
12554:
12550:
12546:
12539:
12531:
12525:
12521:
12517:
12513:
12506:
12500:
12496:
12492:
12488:
12484:
12480:
12476:
12472:
12468:
12454:
12450:
12446:
12442:
12438:
12432:
12416:
12412:
12411:
12406:
12402:
12396:
12377:
12373:
12369:
12365:
12361:
12354:
12347:
12338:
12333:
12328:
12323:
12319:
12315:
12308:
12300:
12296:
12292:
12285:
12269:
12265:
12264:
12259:
12252:
12236:
12232:
12231:
12230:New Statesman
12226:
12222:
12216:
12209:
12205:
12201:
12194:
12187:
12182:
12178:
12171:
12163:
12159:
12155:
12149:
12141:
12135:
12131:
12124:
12116:
12110:
12106:
12091:
12090:PBS Frontline
12087:
12080:
12072:
12066:
12062:
12058:
12054:
12047:
12039:
12033:
12029:
12024:
12023:
12017:
12011:
12003:
11999:
11992:
11976:
11972:
11968:
11962:
11954:
11950:
11946:
11938:
11930:
11923:
11915:
11911:
11910:Aljazeera.net
11907:
11900:
11898:
11889:
11883:
11879:
11872:
11864:
11858:
11854:
11850:
11846:
11839:
11832:
11827:
11823:
11819:
11812:
11804:
11798:
11794:
11787:
11779:
11773:
11769:
11762:
11754:
11748:
11744:
11737:
11730:
11725:
11717:
11711:
11707:
11706:
11698:
11690:
11684:
11680:
11673:
11665:
11661:
11657:
11656:
11648:
11640:
11636:
11635:
11627:
11619:
11613:
11609:
11602:
11595:
11590:
11584:
11580:
11573:
11566:
11561:
11555:
11551:
11544:
11537:
11532:
11526:
11522:
11515:
11507:
11501:
11497:
11490:
11482:
11481:
11473:
11465:
11459:
11455:
11448:
11440:
11434:
11430:
11423:
11421:
11413:
11409:
11403:
11399:
11392:
11385:
11380:
11374:
11370:
11363:
11355:
11351:
11347:
11341:
11334:
11329:
11323:
11319:
11312:
11304:
11300:
11294:
11287:
11282:
11278:
11271:
11264:
11256:
11255:
11247:
11240:
11235:
11229:
11225:
11218:
11210:
11206:
11200:
11196:
11195:
11187:
11185:
11177:
11172:
11166:
11162:
11155:
11148:
11144:
11138:
11134:
11127:
11121:, p. 71.
11120:
11115:
11107:
11101:
11097:
11093:
11092:
11085:
11077:
11071:
11067:
11063:
11062:
11057:
11051:
11043:
11037:
11033:
11026:
11012:
11011:
11004:
10988:
10984:
10978:
10963:
10959:
10953:
10938:
10934:
10928:
10921:
10916:
10908:
10904:
10900:
10899:
10891:
10884:
10879:
10877:
10875:
10873:
10871:
10862:
10858:
10852:
10848:
10847:
10839:
10837:
10828:
10824:
10818:
10814:
10813:
10805:
10797:
10793:
10787:
10783:
10782:
10774:
10772:
10770:
10768:
10759:
10753:
10749:
10742:
10734:
10728:
10724:
10717:
10709:
10705:
10701:
10695:
10691:
10687:
10683:
10679:
10675:
10668:
10666:
10658:
10654:
10652:1-84511-080-3
10648:
10644:
10637:
10629:
10622:
10614:
10608:
10604:
10597:
10589:
10582:
10574:
10568:
10564:
10560:
10559:San Francisco
10556:
10552:
10546:
10544:
10537:, p. 61.
10536:
10531:
10524:
10518:
10511:
10505:
10498:
10492:
10484:
10478:
10474:
10473:
10468:
10462:
10460:
10458:
10456:
10454:
10452:
10450:
10433:
10432:
10424:
10416:
10410:
10406:
10399:
10391:
10384:
10382:
10374:
10369:
10361:
10355:
10351:
10344:
10336:
10330:
10326:
10319:
10311:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10293:
10289:
10282:
10274:
10272:0-19-516991-3
10268:
10264:
10257:
10250:
10246:
10244:0-02-865603-2
10240:
10236:
10229:
10222:. p. 17.
10221:
10214:
10206:
10204:9960-29-500-1
10200:
10196:
10189:
10181:
10174:
10166:
10162:
10158:
10151:
10143:
10136:
10120:
10116:
10112:
10105:
10097:
10090:
10082:
10078:
10074:
10067:
10060:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10041:
10033:
10026:
10019:
10014:
10010:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9979:
9971:
9969:0-19-516991-3
9965:
9961:
9954:
9946:
9942:
9941:
9933:
9925:
9919:
9915:
9908:
9900:
9896:
9895:
9887:
9879:
9872:
9864:
9860:
9859:
9851:
9843:
9837:
9833:
9826:
9818:
9814:
9810:
9809:
9801:
9799:
9790:
9783:
9776:
9772:
9770:0-8108-3609-2
9766:
9762:
9755:
9748:
9743:
9736:
9734:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9716:
9709:
9702:
9698:
9695:
9694:
9687:
9680:
9675:
9673:
9671:
9669:
9667:
9659:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9648:
9646:
9644:
9642:
9633:
9627:
9623:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9610:
9605:
9601:
9597:
9593:
9592:Bianquis, Th.
9589:
9582:
9580:
9578:
9576:
9559:
9555:
9549:
9545:
9541:
9537:
9536:
9531:
9525:
9519:, p. 97.
9518:
9513:
9505:
9499:
9495:
9487:
9485:
9483:
9475:
9470:
9463:
9455:
9451:
9447:
9441:
9433:
9427:
9423:
9416:
9405:
9401:
9394:
9387:
9380:
9376:
9369:
9362:
9358:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9342:
9335:
9327:
9325:0-19-516991-3
9321:
9317:
9310:
9302:
9296:
9292:
9285:
9277:
9271:
9267:
9260:
9252:
9248:
9244:
9231:
9223:
9217:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9198:
9190:
9186:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9167:
9166:
9157:
9150:
9145:
9141:
9135:
9130:
9129:
9120:
9112:
9108:
9102:
9097:
9096:
9087:
9081:
9075:
9068:
9063:
9056:
9048:
9042:
9038:
9031:
9023:
9017:
9013:
9009:
9002:
8996:, p. 29.
8995:
8990:
8974:
8970:
8966:
8960:
8954:, p. 333
8953:
8952:Esposito 2003
8948:
8941:
8936:
8934:
8926:
8921:
8914:
8909:
8902:
8897:
8890:
8885:
8877:
8871:
8867:
8860:
8852:
8846:
8842:
8835:
8827:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8761:
8755:
8753:
8746:
8738:
8732:
8728:
8721:
8713:
8706:
8698:
8691:
8683:
8677:
8673:
8666:
8658:
8652:
8648:
8641:
8639:
8630:
8624:
8620:
8613:
8611:
8602:
8595:
8587:
8580:
8572:
8566:
8562:
8555:
8547:
8540:
8532:
8526:
8522:
8515:
8507:
8500:
8493:
8488:
8482:
8478:
8471:
8463:
8456:
8450:
8448:
8441:
8433:
8426:
8418:
8412:
8408:
8404:
8400:
8393:
8385:
8379:
8375:
8368:
8360:
8358:0-02-865603-2
8354:
8350:
8343:
8341:
8332:
8330:0-19-512558-4
8326:
8322:
8315:
8307:
8306:
8298:
8291:
8286:
8279:
8274:
8266:
8262:
8256:
8252:
8251:
8243:
8235:
8231:
8225:
8221:
8220:
8212:
8204:
8198:
8194:
8189:
8188:
8179:
8172:
8168:
8162:
8158:
8151:
8143:
8137:
8133:
8126:
8120:
8115:
8107:
8101:
8097:
8090:
8088:
8081:, p. 34.
8080:
8075:
8073:
8064:
8058:
8054:
8047:
8040:
8035:
8029:, p. 24.
8028:
8023:
8021:
8013:
8008:
8000:
7994:
7990:
7983:
7975:
7969:
7965:
7958:
7950:
7943:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7923:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7904:
7896:
7890:
7886:
7879:
7871:
7869:90-04-08118-6
7865:
7861:
7854:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7823:
7821:
7812:
7810:9780197669419
7806:
7802:
7798:
7794:
7787:
7780:
7775:
7769:
7765:
7758:
7751:
7746:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7723:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7700:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7670:
7661:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7637:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7602:
7592:
7585:
7580:
7573:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7555:
7554:
7547:
7540:
7534:
7527:
7521:
7515:
7511:
7505:
7498:
7494:
7489:
7483:
7477:
7470:
7464:
7457:
7451:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7431:
7428:(1–2): 1–26.
7427:
7423:
7419:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7399:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7354:Bianquis, Th.
7351:
7344:
7337:
7331:
7324:
7320:
7314:
7307:
7303:
7299:
7293:
7286:
7281:
7279:
7271:
7266:
7259:
7254:
7252:
7244:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7228:
7221:
7216:
7208:
7202:
7198:
7197:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7175:
7170:
7163:
7158:
7156:
7149:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7128:
7123:
7121:
7113:
7108:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7059:
7054:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6997:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6974:
6972:90-04-11908-6
6968:
6964:
6957:
6955:
6944:
6938:
6934:
6929:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6899:
6891:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6862:
6855:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6815:
6809:
6807:
6799:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6778:
6777:Esposito 2004
6773:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6758:
6752:
6748:
6741:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6719:
6711:
6705:
6701:
6694:
6686:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6641:Bianquis, Th.
6638:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6572:, p. 151
6571:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6534:
6529:
6525:
6523:90-04-08118-6
6519:
6515:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6496:
6491:
6488:
6483:
6481:0-19-512558-4
6477:
6473:
6468:
6467:
6463:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6441:
6434:
6433:these sources
6429:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6389:
6383:
6379:
6372:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6339:
6337:9780197669419
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6314:
6307:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6278:
6273:
6266:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6234:
6230:
6224:
6222:
6214:
6209:
6203:, p. 48.
6202:
6197:
6190:
6184:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6163:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6129:
6113:
6109:
6103:
6099:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6055:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6029:
6024:
6020:
6007:
6004:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5944:
5940:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5913:Ibn Taymiyyah
5911:
5910:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5718:Emir of Qatar
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5673:
5668:
5666:
5661:
5659:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Al-Nour Party
5589:
5588:
5585:
5580:
5579:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:Ahl al-Hadith
5298:
5297:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:revolutionary
5211:'s claims to
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5173:Oliver Leaman
5167:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5098:Lulu Schwartz
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5078:United States
5075:
5071:
5067:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5047:Islamic State
5044:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5020:Western media
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4996:Islamic World
4993:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4941:Islamic state
4938:
4937:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4889:In his book "
4886:
4884:
4883:His Messenger
4880:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4836:Islamic state
4833:
4829:
4828:Manzur Numani
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4804:superstitious
4801:
4797:
4793:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4751:intellectual
4750:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4732:, all modern
4731:
4730:Muhammad Asad
4727:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4681:Martin Luther
4679:
4676:
4673:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4653:of moderation
4652:
4651:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4605:Islamic World
4602:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4457:Islamic world
4454:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4398:Ibn Taymiyyah
4395:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4373:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4205:By 1802, the
4202:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4092:devil-worship
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4031:Muslim saints
4026:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3958:superstitions
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3893:
3892:Islamic World
3889:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3820:Islamic state
3817:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3375:al-Muwahhidun
3372:
3371:Ahl al-Tawhid
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3318:Islamic order
3315:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3276:or authentic
3275:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:(Prophethood)
3130:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3002:of qualified
3001:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2848:David Commins
2846:According to
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2793:Al-Muwahhidun
2790:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2684:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Maajid Nawaaz
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Navvab Safavi
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Tariq Ramadan
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:Safwat Hegazi
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Muhammad Asad
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:House of Saud
2340:
2338:
2337:Mohammed Omar
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:Mohamed Morsi
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2278:Khomeini 1970
2275:
2274:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2208:
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2110:
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2029:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:Post-Islamism
1992:
1988:
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1961:
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1939:
1937:
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1931:Islamic state
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1909:
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1900:
1899:
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1870:Shia Islamism
1868:
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1731:Al ash-Sheikh
1727:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:superstitions
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
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1679:
1677:
1674:scholar from
1673:
1669:
1668:ibn 'Uthaymin
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1609:
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1544:
1539:
1538:'Abd al-Azeez
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:(1196/1781),
1507:
1503:
1502:'Abd al-Azeez
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:, the son of
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1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1299:
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1288:Islamic state
1285:
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1279:
1278:
1273:
1269:
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1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:Lam al-Shihab
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:by its ruler
1187:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
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1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1092:superstitions
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:ibn al-Qayyim
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1030:("matters"),
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
987:
983:
968:
966:
962:
958:
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953:
948:
943:
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928:
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922:
921:
916:
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904:
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869:
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851:
847:
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
823:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Ibn Taymiyyah
795:
791:
787:
781:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:superstitions
748:
744:
743:Islamic world
740:
736:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:jurisprudence
715:
711:
704:Early studies
701:
699:
695:
691:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:(circa 1740s)
656:
651:
646:
642:
632:
630:
629:
624:
623:Al ash-Sheikh
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
596:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:visitation to
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
543:
538:
537:
532:
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518:
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510:
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451:
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428:
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417:
413:
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408:
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396:
394:
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383:
379:
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369:Personal
366:
363:
362:
357:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
322:House of Saud
320:
318:
315:
314:
312:
311:
303:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
278:Ibn Taymiyyah
276:
274:
271:
270:
268:
267:
259:
256:Muslim leader
254:
250:
247:
243:
235:
231:
228:
224:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
174:Jurisprudence
172:
169:
166:
162:
155:
152:
149:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
92:
88:
84:
80:
66:
62:
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
36:
29:
24:
19:
15568:North Africa
15469:Anti-Zionism
15372:
15364:
15356:
15351:(Qutb, 1964)
15348:
15343:(Asad, 1961)
15340:
15333:Forty Hadith
15332:
15324:
15307:Other topics
14935:
14909:People Party
14849:Ahl-i Hadith
14795:Ahmed Yassin
14775:Ali Shariati
14710:Ali Khamenei
14384:
14370:Pan-Islamism
14363:of knowledge
14358:Islamization
14156:
14075:Ibn Taymiyya
13993:Ibn al-Jawzi
13846:by century (
13790:
13769:
13744:. Capstone.
13740:
13727:. Retrieved
13712:
13662:
13609:
13578:
13547:. New York:
13544:
13528:. Retrieved
13513:. New York:
13510:
13483:. Retrieved
13460:
13447:. Retrieved
13429:
13413:. Retrieved
13391:
13344:
13300:
13276:
13255:. New York:
13252:
13225:. New York:
13221:
13205:. Retrieved
13177:. New York:
13174:
13135:
13096:
13080:. Retrieved
13057:. New York:
13054:
13028:
13017:
12990:. Retrieved
12982:muslim.or.id
12981:
12949:
12943:
12931:. Retrieved
12922:
12913:
12901:. Retrieved
12892:
12882:
12870:. Retrieved
12861:
12851:
12839:. Retrieved
12830:
12820:
12807:
12798:
12780:
12768:. Retrieved
12759:
12750:
12738:. Retrieved
12729:
12720:
12708:. Retrieved
12704:the original
12694:
12682:. Retrieved
12673:
12664:
12645:
12639:
12631:the original
12626:
12616:
12607:
12604:the original
12599:
12589:
12570:
12553:the original
12548:
12538:
12511:
12505:
12486:
12457:. Retrieved
12440:
12431:
12421:10 September
12419:. Retrieved
12410:The Atlantic
12408:
12401:Wood, Graeme
12395:
12385:10 September
12383:. Retrieved
12363:
12359:
12346:
12317:
12307:
12294:
12284:
12274:30 September
12272:. Retrieved
12266:. New York.
12261:
12251:
12239:. Retrieved
12235:the original
12228:
12215:
12207:
12203:
12193:
12184:
12180:
12170:
12162:the original
12157:
12148:
12129:
12123:
12104:
12094:. Retrieved
12089:
12079:
12052:
12046:
12026:. New York:
12021:
12010:
11997:
11991:
11979:. Retrieved
11971:The National
11970:
11961:
11953:the original
11948:
11937:
11928:
11922:
11909:
11877:
11871:
11844:
11838:
11829:
11822:Dar ul Iftaa
11821:
11811:
11792:
11786:
11767:
11761:
11742:
11736:
11731:, p. 9.
11729:Gauvain 2013
11724:
11704:
11697:
11678:
11672:
11654:
11647:
11638:
11633:
11626:
11607:
11601:
11592:
11578:
11572:
11563:
11549:
11543:
11534:
11520:
11514:
11495:
11489:
11479:
11472:
11453:
11447:
11428:
11411:
11397:
11391:
11382:
11368:
11362:
11349:
11340:
11331:
11317:
11311:
11302:
11293:
11284:
11280:
11270:
11261:
11253:
11246:
11237:
11223:
11217:
11193:
11174:
11160:
11154:
11146:
11132:
11126:
11114:
11090:
11084:
11060:
11050:
11031:
11025:
11014:, retrieved
11009:
11003:
10991:. Retrieved
10986:
10977:
10965:. Retrieved
10961:
10952:
10940:. Retrieved
10936:
10927:
10915:
10902:
10897:
10890:
10845:
10811:
10804:
10780:
10747:
10741:
10722:
10716:
10677:
10656:
10642:
10636:
10627:
10621:
10602:
10596:
10587:
10581:
10554:
10530:
10522:
10517:
10509:
10504:
10496:
10491:
10471:
10436:. Retrieved
10430:
10423:
10404:
10398:
10389:
10368:
10349:
10343:
10324:
10318:
10291:
10281:
10262:
10256:
10248:
10234:
10228:
10219:
10213:
10194:
10188:
10179:
10173:
10160:
10150:
10141:
10135:
10123:. Retrieved
10119:the original
10114:
10104:
10095:
10089:
10076:
10066:
10058:
10050:
10040:
10031:
10025:
10016:
9991:(1): 32–39.
9988:
9984:
9978:
9959:
9953:
9944:
9939:
9932:
9923:90-04-110623
9913:
9907:
9898:
9893:
9886:
9877:
9871:
9862:
9857:
9850:
9841:90-04-110623
9831:
9825:
9812:
9807:
9788:
9782:
9774:
9760:
9754:
9749:, p. 4.
9742:
9732:
9728:
9724:
9722:
9717:. New York:
9714:
9708:
9692:
9686:
9658:Commins 2015
9607:
9562:. Retrieved
9534:
9524:
9512:
9493:
9472:
9468:
9462:
9449:
9440:
9421:
9415:
9399:
9386:
9378:
9374:
9368:
9360:
9348:
9344:
9334:
9315:
9309:
9290:
9284:
9265:
9259:
9246:
9230:
9203:
9197:
9169:. New York:
9164:
9156:
9147:
9127:
9119:
9094:
9086:
9079:
9074:
9065:
9061:
9055:
9036:
9030:
9011:
9001:
8989:
8977:. Retrieved
8968:
8959:
8947:
8920:
8908:
8896:
8889:Ottaway 2008
8884:
8865:
8859:
8840:
8834:
8809:
8805:
8778:. Retrieved
8769:
8760:
8751:
8745:
8726:
8720:
8711:
8705:
8696:
8690:
8671:
8665:
8646:
8618:
8600:
8594:
8585:
8579:
8560:
8554:
8545:
8539:
8520:
8514:
8505:
8499:
8490:
8476:
8470:
8461:
8455:
8446:
8440:
8431:
8425:
8398:
8392:
8373:
8367:
8348:
8320:
8314:
8304:
8297:
8285:
8273:
8249:
8242:
8218:
8211:
8186:
8178:
8170:
8156:
8150:
8131:
8125:
8114:
8095:
8052:
8046:
8034:
8007:
7988:
7982:
7963:
7957:
7948:
7942:
7917:
7913:
7903:
7884:
7878:
7859:
7853:
7839:(3–4): 338.
7836:
7832:
7792:
7786:
7777:
7763:
7757:
7745:
7736:
7732:
7722:
7713:
7709:
7699:
7691:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7650:
7646:
7636:
7611:
7607:
7601:
7591:
7579:
7552:
7546:
7538:
7533:
7525:
7520:
7513:
7509:
7504:
7496:
7488:
7481:
7476:
7468:
7463:
7455:
7450:
7425:
7421:
7369:
7343:
7335:
7330:
7322:
7318:
7313:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7296:Al-Ashʿarī,
7292:
7270:Hopwood 1972
7265:
7233:
7227:
7215:
7195:
7169:
7107:
7095:. Retrieved
7086:
7082:
7058:Hourani 1992
7053:
7004:
7000:
6994:
6962:
6932:
6924:
6921:the original
6916:
6898:
6871:
6861:
6834:10 September
6832:. Retrieved
6826:. New York.
6821:
6746:
6740:
6732:the original
6727:
6718:
6699:
6693:
6656:
6570:Commins 2015
6556:
6546:
6532:
6513:
6494:
6485:
6471:
6462:
6454:the original
6449:
6440:
6431:
6409:
6399:
6391:
6377:
6371:
6359:. Retrieved
6355:
6346:
6319:
6313:
6272:
6237:. Retrieved
6232:
6208:
6196:
6182:
6180:
6168:
6162:
6150:. Retrieved
6146:the original
6140:. New York:
6137:
6128:
6116:. Retrieved
6111:
6102:
6063:
6023:
6000:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5977:
5962:
5958:
5948:
5942:
5895:
5889:
5883:
5877:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5842:Usul al-Iman
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5782:
5772:
5766:
5756:
5752:
5748:Saudi Arabia
5729:
5721:
5699:
5626:
5601:People Party
5539:Sailaifengye
5481:
5429:
5369:
5339:
5305:Ibn Taymiyya
5239:
5231:Ibn Taymiyya
5220:
5197:global Jihad
5186:
5169:
5164:Ibn Taymiyya
5153:
5131:
5102:U.S. Senator
5063:
5000:pan-Islamist
4989:
4980:
4964:
4954:
4945:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4890:
4888:
4874:
4870:
4868:
4860:
4850:
4844:
4831:
4807:
4800:polytheistic
4790:
4784:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4758:
4742:Muslim world
4723:
4700:
4669:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4642:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4609:
4595:
4580:
4574:
4552:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4504:
4492:
4488:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4472:
4464:
4460:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4425:Ahl-i Hadith
4423:
4418:
4411:
4405:
4384:The Ottoman
4383:
4375:
4367:
4348:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4327:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4280:
4261:
4246:
4233:Ottoman side
4210:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4180:
4178:
4141:
4135:
4120:
4112:
4075:
4058:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4013:
4005:
3995:
3989:
3953:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3924:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3896:
3888:triple talaq
3887:
3883:
3879:triple talaq
3877:
3875:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3815:
3808:
3806:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3739:
3729:
3717:
3707:
3696:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3574:
3566:
3552:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3509:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3479:
3473:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3435:
3427:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3353:
3327:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3284:Al-Mukhtasar
3283:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3254:
3226:
3214:
3208:
3205:Ibn Taymiyya
3202:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3170:
3162:
3161:in his book
3156:
3128:
3120:
3110:
3106:
3099:Ibn Taymiyya
3094:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2964:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2860:
2845:
2843:) of Allah.
2840:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2819:); fasting (
2814:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2787:espoused in
2782:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2752:
2742:
2739:كتاب التوحيد
2730:
2724:
2718:
2704:
2698:
2682:
2624:
2614:Islamophobia
2494:
2490:Ahmed Yassin
2475:Ali Shariati
2415:Ali Khamenei
2297:Ali Khamenei
2268:
2266:
2254:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2173:
2172:
2131:
2130:
2089:Ahl-i Hadith
2073:
2048:Anti-Zionism
2017:
2005:
1998:
1977:Pan-Islamism
1957:
1952:of knowledge
1948:Islamization
1896:
1787:Fundamentals
1741:Saudi Arabia
1734:
1728:
1710:
1697:and fled to
1680:
1657:
1623:
1621:
1585:
1574:Saudi family
1571:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1448:Abd al-Azeez
1445:
1434:
1425:
1417:
1407:
1401:
1397:Saudi Arabia
1366:
1364:
1336:
1295:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1268:Ibn Taymiyya
1261:
1247:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1179:
1175:Diriyah Pact
1165:Diriyah Pact
1150:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1109:
1085:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1003:
989:
979:
964:
960:
950:
935:
926:
918:
900:
894:
890:
884:
877:
873:Usul al-Fiqh
871:
865:
859:
853:
839:
825:
783:
739:Sunni Muslim
732:
707:
694:jurisconsult
660:
626:
608:
600:Ibn Taymiyya
593:
550:Sunni Muslim
547:
540:
534:
528:
506:
463:Sunni Muslim
458:
457:
440:
423:
420:Epithet
414:Abū al-Ḥasan
406:
389:
372:
359:
238:كتاب التوحيد
229:
164:Denomination
133:'Alī (first)
95:(1792-00-00)
18:
15634:Sunni imams
15594:1792 deaths
15589:1703 births
15448:Arab Winter
15443:Arab Spring
15224:Mullah Omar
15086:MENA region
15012:Petro-Islam
14986:Al-Uthaymin
14760:Rashid Rida
14745:Sayyid Qutb
14735:Mullah Omar
14613:Ansar Allah
14457:Millî Görüş
14159:(1703–1792)
14153:(1701–1774)
14136:(1623–1679)
14130:(1592–1641)
14124:(1580–1624)
14107:(1352-1430)
14101:(1335–1393)
14095:(1310–1362)
14089:(1292–1350)
14083:(1305–1343)
14077:(1263–1328)
14071:(1242-1326)
14065:(1206–1295)
14042:(1230–1284)
14036:(1194–1255)
14030:(1147–1223)
14028:Ibn Qudamah
14013:(1134–1207)
14007:(1146–1203)
13995:(1116–1201)
13989:(1078–1166)
13983:(1105–1165)
13966:(1040–1119)
13960:(1013–1119)
13954:(1006–1088)
13729:25 December
13541:"Wahhabism"
13426:"Wahhabism"
13350:Basingstoke
13305:Basingstoke
12337:10498/20001
12320:: 181–198.
12241:8 September
12002:I.B. Tauris
11119:Khatab 2011
10920:Khatab 2011
10438:27 February
10288:"Wahhabism"
10161:Deoband org
10115:Deoband.org
10077:Deoband org
10051:Deoband Org
9719:I.B. Tauris
9564:8 September
9530:Asad, Talal
9171:I.B. Tauris
8925:Khatab 2011
8780:12 December
7317:Al-Ṭaḥāwī,
7258:ibn Ghannam
7174:Glassé 2003
7162:Philby 1930
7097:8 September
7015:: 373–415.
6868:"Wahhabism"
6854:Khatab 2011
6564:Haykel 2013
6406:"Wahhabism"
6361:22 December
6306:Haykel 2013
6239:30 December
6118:30 December
6003:Orientalist
5963:Tarikh Najd
5702:pan-Islamic
5405:Al-Uthaymin
5390:Rashid Rida
5350:Al-Shawkani
5223:Orientalist
5108:politician
5100:and former
5096:journalist
5032:Afghanistan
4913:South Asian
4693:Rashid Rida
4591:Sunni Islam
4587:innovations
4386:Grand Mufti
4355:Grand Mufti
4072:anti-Judaic
3784:interpret (
3679:verses and
3472:Rulings of
3463:(knowledge)
3354:Wahhābiyyah
3349:Wahhābiyyah
3159:Prophethood
2709:and purify
2577:Bassam Tibi
2572:Olivier Roy
2465:Rashid Rida
2450:Sayyid Qutb
2236:Iqbal 1930s
2183:MENA region
2153:Millî Görüş
1555:Dhul-Qa'dah
1322:Wahhabi War
1296:Wahhābiyyah
1112:Bani Khalid
725:Ibn Qudamah
361:Arabic name
15669:Wahhabists
15583:Categories
15563:South Asia
15505:Gaza Strip
15457:Influences
15384:Historical
15349:Milestones
15341:Principles
15275:Mujahideen
15152:al-Shabaab
15147:Boko Haram
15135:Abu Sayyaf
15113:South Asia
14971:Zakir Naik
14854:Madkhalism
14842:Scholastic
14800:Zia-ul-Haq
14770:Omar Bongo
14435:in Britain
14353:Islamistan
14271:Khomeinism
14093:Ibn Muflih
14063:Ibn Hamdan
13942:(990–1066)
13917:Ibn Battah
13882:Abu Dawood
13685:2015951183
13266:0195125592
13236:0195169913
13077:2008020716
12986:Yogyakarta
12923:Saudi Tour
12495:Republican
12096:18 October
11752:8172311605
11688:9960295001
11588:1845110803
11559:0195169913
11530:9960295001
11505:0195169913
11463:0195169913
11407:9960295001
11378:9960295001
11327:9960295001
11233:0195169913
11170:9960295001
11142:1845110803
11041:1845110803
10958:"Rattibha"
10757:1850437572
10732:1850437572
10708:2015050373
10482:0895261359
10467:Gold, Dore
9517:Moosa 2015
9173:. p.
8994:Saeed 2013
8940:Saeed 2013
8913:Bligh 1985
8901:Nyrop 2008
8812:(5): 770.
8681:0195169913
8486:0195169913
8290:Faksh 1997
8278:Obaid 1999
8202:0253334608
8039:ibn 'Hajar
8012:Lacey 1983
7973:9004113002
7894:0195169913
7773:0195169913
7584:ibn 'Hajar
7129:: 4, 5, 7.
6942:0195169913
6756:0195169913
6709:0195169913
6356:sunnah.com
6265:Brown 2009
6213:Brown 2009
6010:References
5998:(heresy).
5519:Madkhalism
5420:Ibn Jibrin
5330:Ibn Muflih
5320:Al-Dhahabi
5315:Ibn Kathir
5106:Republican
5080:" and the
4610:Prominent
4494:Jahiliyyah
4434:Muwahhidun
4402:Ibn Qayyim
4388:of Mecca,
4320:Muwahhidun
4288:Kharijites
4278:in Mecca.
4250:Musaylimah
4211:Kharijites
4086:faiths as
4023:See also:
3966:tambourine
3964:, playing
3954:Muwahhidun
3870:See also:
3828:revivalist
3801:See also:
3771:'Abd Allah
3691:See also:
3633:literalist
3605:Al-Muntaha
3512:companions
3223:Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ
3135:See also:
3103:Ibn Qayyim
3028:companions
2850:, various
2765:polytheism
2567:Sam Harris
2547:Farag Foda
2327:Zia ul-Haq
2188:South Asia
2099:Madkhalism
2074:Scholastic
2032:Influences
1846:Khomeinism
1830:Ideologies
1818:Secularism
1711:Muwahhidun
1590:'Abd Allah
1359:See also:
1272:Muwaḥḥidūn
1260:, and the
1076:ibn Kathir
1072:al-Dhahabi
836:Naqshbandi
778:See also:
759:numerology
667:Banu Tamim
639:See also:
604:Ibn Qayyim
566:veneration
531:literature
470:theologian
308:Influenced
204:Muwahhidun
156:'Abdulazīz
75:(1115 A.H)
15561:Islam in
15531:Criticism
15493:by region
15076:Movements
14941:Al-Albani
14882:Al Asalah
14874:Political
14864:Wahhabism
14835:Movements
14790:Malcolm X
14512:Hezbollah
14411:Movements
14171:(d. 1831)
14144:12th/18th
14128:Al-Buhūtī
14115:11th/17th
14099:Ibn Rajab
14069:Al-Yunini
14048:(d. 1312)
14001:(d. 1202)
13948:(d. 1079)
13907:(867–941)
13650:1874-6691
13432:. Cairo:
13335:241136571
12992:30 August
12893:Arab News
12862:Arab News
12600:Jamestown
12471:Indonesia
12374:): 1–48.
11981:20 August
11066:NUS Press
11016:4 October
10993:4 October
10967:4 October
10942:4 October
10883:Gaye 2021
10690:Routledge
10563:HarperOne
10013:162450741
8826:144357200
7934:251145936
7750:ibn Bishr
7572:Voll 1975
7510:Ad-Darimi
7442:247162037
7287:: 677–78.
7148:Metz 1992
7127:Abir 1987
7060:: 257–58.
7037:0043-2539
7029:1570-0607
6902:Sources:
6560:Sources:
6466:Sources:
6095:Citations
6077:companion
6037:romanized
5559:Wahhabism
5415:Al-Fawzan
5410:Al-Albani
5240:Wasitiyya
5209:Bin Laden
5189:reformist
5177:Professor
5090:Wahhabism
4966:Wasitiyya
4947:Professor
4871:Mujaddids
4707:Al-Albani
4675:Christian
4541:diplomat
4499:consensus
4483:declared:
4318:). Later
4171:sectarian
4168:Kharijite
4127:Reception
4088:sorcerers
4080:Christian
4064:Dore Gold
3950:reformist
3854:mu'amalat
3849:muamalaat
3736:On Sufism
3730:istigatha
3576:Mukhtasar
3396:Salafiyya
3383:Salafiyya
3343:romanized
3330:Wahhabism
3304:Mukhtaṣar
3270:Mukhtaṣar
3180:Mukhtasar
3171:Mukhtaṣar
3066:Mujtahids
2916:Messenger
2877:mushrikin
2867:apostates
2841:Istigatha
2833:Istia'dha
2779:Jahiliyya
2760:Jahiliyya
2602:Modernism
2530:in Europe
2261:Qutb 1965
2248:Asad 1961
2212:Key texts
2132:Political
2114:Wahhabism
2070:Movements
1911:Caliphate
1808:Economics
1687:reformist
1656:at their
1638:'Abdallah
1608:in 1818.
1559:al-Turayf
1464:Dir'iyyah
1437:Huraymila
1373:reformist
1198:peninsula
1088:Huraymila
1064:mutakalim
957:Ibn Rajab
920:Jahiliyya
755:occultism
663:Arab clan
448:at-Tamīmī
251:(brother)
245:Relatives
15649:Mujaddid
15644:Hanbalis
15161:al-Qaeda
15055:Ideology
15044:Jihadism
14892:Al-Islah
14572:Al Wefaq
14472:in Syria
14467:in Egypt
14425:Deobandi
14299:Concepts
14278:Salafism
14261:Islamism
14241:Islamism
14056:8th/14th
14021:7th/13th
13974:6th/12th
13964:Ibn Aqil
13927:5th/11th
13919:(d. 997)
13913:(d. 970)
13901:(d. 923)
13892:4th/10th
13884:(d. 889)
13878:(d. 872)
13608:(eds.).
13569:(2009).
13509:(eds.).
13497:(2013).
13374:(2013).
13219:(2004).
13201:Archived
13101:New York
12933:2 August
12927:Archived
12903:2 August
12897:Archived
12872:2 August
12866:Archived
12835:Archived
12764:Archived
12740:2 August
12734:Archived
12678:Archived
12491:Fallujah
12479:Chechnya
12453:Archived
12415:Archived
12376:Archived
12299:Archived
12268:Archived
12018:(2006).
11975:Archived
11914:Archived
11826:Archived
11354:Archived
11239:cemetery
11209:Archived
11058:(2009).
10861:Archived
10827:Archived
10796:Archived
10686:New York
10469:(2003).
10165:Archived
10081:Archived
10055:Archived
9733:muwahhid
9697:Archived
9606:(eds.).
9558:Archived
9532:(2003).
9454:Archived
9404:Archived
9189:Archived
9149:brother.
9144:Archived
9111:Archived
9010:(eds.).
8973:Archived
8915:: 37–50.
8774:Archived
8292:: 89–90.
8280:: 51–58.
8265:Archived
8234:Archived
7688:40377907
7628:40377907
7586:: 17–19.
7514:Al-Hakim
7368:(eds.).
7260:: 75–76.
7239:Archived
7091:Archived
6828:Archived
6655:(eds.).
5907:See also
5616:al-Qaeda
5554:Hazimism
5509:Islamism
5259:a series
5256:Part of
5138:Jihadist
5082:neo-cons
5074:al-Qaeda
5043:ideology
5039:Deobandi
5004:Al-Qaeda
4879:His Book
4852:Mujaddid
4779:towards
4749:Islamist
4746:Tunisian
4728:scholar
4711:mujtahid
4702:mujaddid
4689:juristic
4597:Moroccan
4555:Egyptian
4452:Al-Manar
4446:mujaddid
4344:Sulayman
4268:Damascus
4238:heretics
4229:Hanbalis
4222:nobility
4215:Egyptian
4099:Muhammad
3976:On Jihad
3866:On women
3742:Tasawwuf
3677:Qur'anic
3615:and the
3503:Ikhtilaf
3424:Islamist
3404:and the
3338:الوهابية
3296:and the
3288:Muḥammad
3259:Qurʾānic
3233:Muhammad
3167:Muhammad
3129:Nubuwwah
3093:and the
3004:scholars
2914:and His
2811:Muhammad
2174:Militant
2094:Deobandi
1970:Jihadism
1886:Concepts
1836:Islamism
1813:Politics
1778:Islamism
1770:a series
1768:Part of
1642:Dir'iyah
1630:affluent
1563:Dir'iyya
1514:al-Qaṣīm
1510:al-Kharj
1469:Qur'anic
1441:Sulaymān
1141:against
1005:Tasawwuf
996:theology
915:apostasy
867:Madh'hab
578:idolatry
576:or even
498:Abdullāh
478:activist
474:preacher
431:an-Najdī
380:Muḥammad
249:Sulayman
199:Movement
146:Abdullāh
122:Children
112:Religion
59:Personal
15664:Atharis
15500:Balkans
15280:Slavery
15248:Related
15171:in Iraq
15118:Taliban
15062:Qutbism
14995:Related
14946:Ibn Baz
14618:Taliban
14606:Related
14502:Ennahda
14306:Emirate
14266:Qutbism
14253:Outline
14194:Shafi'i
13863:3rd/9th
13530:17 June
13415:15 June
13207:25 June
13042:Sources
12770:10 June
12760:Reuters
12710:19 June
12684:19 June
12467:Morocco
12459:26 June
11941:ref>
10125:3 April
8965:"Allah"
8492:nature.
7914:Arabica
7471:, p.133
7302:ṣāliḥīn
7236:, p. 13
7222:: 1086.
7045:1571420
6183:madhhab
6152:15 July
6083:of the
6039::
5971:al-Hasa
5951:Wahhabi
5934:Sources
5736:Diriyah
5529:Qutbism
5400:Ibn Baz
5284:, Qatar
5134:Wahhabi
5110:Jon Kyl
5084:in the
5055:Qutbism
5028:Taliban
4773:ijtihad
4763:in the
4755:writes:
4615:Hanbali
4539:British
4528:Travels
4510:Spanish
4379:Diriyah
4359:Shafi'i
4357:of the
4336:takfeer
4226:Arabian
4219:Ottoman
3918:shaykhs
3903:Shafi'i
3843:ibaadat
3810:Ijtihad
3776:tazkiah
3752:ascetic
3722:Muslims
3666:Maslaha
3661:Hanbali
3649:Muslims
3617:Muntahā
3601:Al-Iqna
3596:Ijtihad
3571:Malikis
3559:Shafi'i
3539:madhhab
3535:madhabs
3531:madhabs
3526:madhhab
3497:madhabs
3491:hadiths
3419:Ijtihad
3345::
3268:in his
3241:Kurdish
3237:Satanic
3117:Muslims
3107:mad'hab
3086:madhabs
3072:Medinan
3057:Hanbali
3039:Ijtihad
2999:Ijtihad
2976:Ijtihad
2952:Tawheed
2921:scholar
2852:Muslims
2837:Ist'ana
2079:Barelvi
1987:aspects
1950: (
1841:Qutbism
1803:Culture
1798:History
1703:British
1676:al-Ahsa
1664:Hanbali
1634:Baghdad
1518:ʿUnayza
1393:Diriyah
1389:Diriyah
1385:Manfuha
1343:Al-Saud
1230:Diriyah
1196:of the
1186:Diriyah
1116:Al-Hasa
1105:stoning
1080:Prophet
1046:Muslims
1032:kalimāt
1028:masāʾil
1024:qawāʿid
986:'Uyayna
952:Rafidah
911:Wahhabi
902:Awliyaa
896:ziyārah
891:madhhab
861:Ijtihad
838:order (
802:mujadid
769:Travels
734:karamat
714:Hanbali
687:Hanbali
685:of the
683:jurists
671:'Uyayna
582:Hanbali
568:of the
542:ijtihad
517:Hanbali
509:jurists
466:scholar
219:ʿAqīdah
208:Wahhabi
178:Hanbali
153:Fāṭimah
142:Ibrāhīm
101:Diriyah
79:'Uyayna
69: (
15386:events
14380:Sharia
14199:Zahiri
14189:Maliki
14184:Hanafi
13760:Online
13748:
13720:
13703:
13683:
13673:
13648:
13638:
13618:Boston
13614:Leiden
13589:
13555:
13521:
13485:1 June
13476:
13449:6 July
13440:
13406:
13360:
13333:
13323:
13284:
13263:
13233:
13193:
13150:
13119:
13082:6 July
13075:
13065:
12956:
12841:27 May
12652:
12577:
12526:
12475:Israel
12473:, via
12136:
12111:
12067:
12034:
11884:
11859:
11799:
11774:
11749:
11712:
11685:
11614:
11585:
11556:
11536:world.
11527:
11502:
11460:
11435:
11404:
11375:
11324:
11230:
11201:
11167:
11139:
11102:
11072:
11038:
10853:
10819:
10788:
10754:
10729:
10706:
10696:
10682:London
10649:
10609:
10569:
10479:
10411:
10356:
10331:
10306:
10269:
10241:
10201:
10011:
10005:614196
10003:
9966:
9920:
9838:
9767:
9731:), or
9725:salafi
9628:
9550:
9500:
9428:
9322:
9297:
9272:
9218:
9181:
9136:
9103:
9067:canon.
9043:
9018:
8979:28 May
8891:: 176.
8872:
8847:
8824:
8733:
8678:
8653:
8625:
8567:
8527:
8483:
8413:
8380:
8355:
8327:
8257:
8226:
8199:
8163:
8138:
8102:
8059:
7995:
7970:
7932:
7891:
7866:
7807:
7770:
7752:: 7–8.
7686:
7626:
7440:
7394:
7376:Leiden
7203:
7176:: 470.
7043:
7035:
7027:
7009:Leiden
6969:
6939:
6886:
6753:
6706:
6681:
6663:Leiden
6539:
6520:
6501:
6478:
6424:
6384:
6334:
6187:
6081:caliph
6069:hadith
6028:Arabic
6006:life.
5995:bid'ah
5898:Rafida
5774:fatwas
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