934:, appoint prime miniter and on his recommodation other members of the government (prime minister have to submit resignation of the government at first sitting of new Sejm). 14 days after being appointed by president government must present their programme to the Sejm and ask for a motion requiring a vote of confidence. Motion is passed if more present Sejm deputies votes for government than against it. At least half of all Deputies have to be present. If government fails to pass vote of confidence (or if president failed to appoint government in time) then President of Sejm nominate prime minister and government which has to also pass vote of confidence. If vote of confidence passed then president of the republic has to formally appoint this government. Otherwise president again may nominate members of the government as in first instance. If even this time government fails to pass vote of confidence, then President of the Republic has to call new parliamentary election.
999:
336:. Motion of confidence is passed if more deputies votes for government that against her. Otherwise government have to resign and president can appoint new government. If also this government fails to gain confidence of then President of the republic have to appoint prime minister proposed by President of the Chamber of Deputies. If also this time government fails to gain confidence of the Chamber then president of the republic may choose if he again appoints prime minister of his choice (government still need to pass motion of confidence), or if he orders dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies and sets new elections.
1311:. The rump PAP won the election with a two-thirds majority therefore staving off any further attempts by the Barisan Sosialis to move further motions of no confidence. Following merger and separation (1963–1965), and with Barisan's boycott of Parliament, the PAP was the dominant party in Parliament and motions of no confidence became "rare", in fact "non-existent". Further, Lee Kuan Yew's 1961 motion of confidence remains the only time that a Singaporean prime minister has ever tabled a motion of confidence in his own government.
270:. The governor-general may refuse a request for dissolution if an election has recently been held or there is another leader who can likely gain the confidence of the House. If a dissolution request is refused, the prime minister must resign, and the governor-general invites the leader of another coalition/party to form a new government. Six motions of no confidence have been passed in the House of Commons: in 1926, 1963, 1974, 1979, 2005, and 2011. All successful votes of no confidence in the 20th century were the result of a
1675:
change to the party alignments in the House of
Representatives; and the House of Representatives as a body is unaffected, so there are no new elections immediately after a successful motion to vacate. Thus, the most meaningful consequence of a Speaker's removal that could be compared to a Westminster no confidence vote is the possibility of a change in legislative priorities, these being largely set by the Speaker in the U.S. House, as opposed to by a Prime Minister in the Westminster system.
415:. Frequently, chancellors were then turned out of the office without their successors having enough parliamentary support to govern. Unlike the British system, chancellors do not have to resign in response to the failure of a vote of confidence if it has been initiated by them, rather than by the parliamentary opposition, but they may ask the president to call general elections, a request that the president decides on whether to fulfil.
941:
Sejm has with majority of all its
Deputies vote for new prime minister (President of the Republic then have to appoint new prime minister). Vote of no confidence against sitting government can be called only if it is requested by at least 46 Deputies. New motion of vote of confidence cannot be called sooner that 3 months after previous vote of no confidence was called. Exception applies for motion requested by at least 115 Deputies.
517:(one each). Prime Minister Vajpayee lost the no-confidence motion by a margin of one vote (269–270) in April 1999. Prime Minister Desai resigned on 12 July 1979 after being defeated in a vote of no-confidence, V. P. Singh and H. D. Deve Gowda were also removed in no-confidence motion. The two most recent no-confidence motion were against the Narendra Modi government, in 2018 and in 2023, both of which were failed in the Lok Sabha.
631:, Parliament has not passed any no confidence motion against the whole cabinet, as government crises often ended with prime ministers resigning after becoming aware the majority of parliament did not support them anymore, before a no confidence motion could be put to vote or even before such a motion was presented. The only time this instrument was used was in October 1995, when the minister of justice
123:, there are limits to how often a confidence vote may be held, such as being allowed only once every three or six months. Thus, the timing of a motion of no confidence is a matter of political judgment. A motion of no confidence on a relatively trivial matter may then prove counterproductive if an issue suddenly arises that is seen to be a more credible justification for a motion of no confidence.
1588:, who may choose to dismiss the cabinet, which he can do anyway anytime at his own discretion, or just ignore the Duma's decision. If the Duma passes a second motion of no confidence against the same composition of the cabinet within three months, the president is forced to make a concrete decision on whether to dismiss the government or to dissolve the Duma itself and call for new
965:, must add such a motion to the order paper and give it a priority. If a motion of no confidence cannot be scheduled by the last sitting day of the annual sitting, it must be the first item on the order paper of the next sitting. In the event of a successful motion, the Speaker automatically assumes the position of acting president.
808:. Before it can be put for a vote on the pertinent house's floor, it must have the backing of at least 20% of the elected members in all cases except those moved against speakers or deputy speakers in which case there is no minimum. After being put to vote, the motion is deemed to be successful only if passed by a majority.
259:. The government may also declare any bill or motion to be a question of confidence. Although the failure to pass those bills and motions can serve as an implicit expression of a vote of no confidence, the opposition is not required to formally present this failure as a motion of no-confidence against the government.
92:, what constitutes a no-confidence vote sufficient to force the resignation of high officeholders may not be clear. Even if the government is not constitutionally bound to resign after losing a given vote, such a result may be an ominous sign for the government and prompt its resignation or the calling of
1033:
and calling a general election while a motion of no confidence is pending. If the motion is successful, the incumbent prime minister must resign. According to the
Constitution, the replacement candidate named in the motion is automatically deemed to have the confidence of the Congress of Deputies and
940:
Government as whole but also individual ministers (for their ministry) are responsible to the Sejm. Sejm can by constructive vote of no confidence replace prime minister (and his government) with other person included in the vote. In order for motion of no confidence to pass and remove government the
339:
Government can at any time ask
Chamber of Deputies for vote of confidence. Government can also connect voting on government-sponsored bill with request for vote of confidence. If bill fails to pass in Chamber of Deputies it is the same as a lost vote of confidence. In this case Chamber has to vote on
250:
In the House of
Commons, a member of parliament may introduce a motion that explicitly states the House has no confidence in the incumbent government. In addition to explicit motions of no confidence, several other motions and bills are also considered implicit motions of confidence, and a vote of no
1760:
is sufficient to allow a majority party to defeat a motion of no confidence, and if faced with possible defections in the government party, the government is likely to change its policies, rather than lose a vote of no confidence. The cases in which a motion of no confidence has passed are generally
1674:
The consequences of the
Speaker being removed are generally not comparable to the effect of a motion of non-confidence in Westminster parliamentary systems. The President, as the head of government, is not affected; there are no changes to the Cabinet or individual executive positions; there is no
1555:
restricted again the conditions of the motion by counting only the votes in favor of the deposition of the government, one tenth of the
Assembly's membership (58 deputies) being now needed to issue such motion according to Article 49 of the constitution. Article 27 allows lawmakers to delegate their
1327:
or against an individual lower-level minister. At least 35 members of parliament (MPs) must support a proposal to initiate such a vote. A majority of MPs (175 members) must vote for a motion of no confidence for it to be successful. An individual minister who loses a confidence vote must resign. If
458:
may grant a leave and after considering the state of business in the House, allot a day or days or part of a day for the discussion of the motion (under sub-rule (2) and (3) of rule 198 of Lok Sabha Rules, 16th edition). If the motion carries, the House debates and votes on the motion. If a majority
311:
system in which the premier is chosen by the members of the nonpartisan legislature. If a vote of no confidence against the incumbent government passes, the premier and the cabinet are removed from office, and the legislature elects a new premier. In a consensus government, confidence motions may be
126:
Sometimes, the government chooses to declare that one of its bills is a "vote of confidence" to prevent dissident members of its own party from voting against it. However, this is a political risk, especially when the Prime
Minister's majority is not assured, such as if the ruling party/coalition is
1932:
after an election was held on 9 September. The center-left bloc led by Löfven's Social
Democratic Party won only 144 seats in parliament, 31 seats short of an absolute majority, and just one seat more than the opposition Alliance for Sweden bloc. The Sweden Democrats, having just won 62 seats, also
1592:. The State Duma may not be dissolved on those grounds if it was elected less than a year earlier, if it has already initiated impeachment proceedings against the president himself by bringing respective accusations, if less than six months remain left until presidential elections, or if there is a
1026:. For a motion of no confidence to be successful, it has to be carried by an absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies. At least five days must pass after the motion is registered before it can come up for a vote. Other parties may submit alternative motions within two days of the registration.
944:
The Sejm may also pass a vote of no confidence in an individual minister. This motion can be called if at least 69 Deputies requested it. Same voting procedure as for vote of no confidence of whole government apply. The
President of the Republic have to recall a minister who failed to pass vote of
423:
The Parliament may, by its decision, withdraw its confidence from the Government or from a member of it. A motion of no confidence can only be submitted six months after the Parliament has rejected a previous one. The motion must be signed by at least one-sixth of the members and must clearly state
1826:
proposal with a two-third majority, then the other house has to follow suit in a 15-day period, then two third of the members of the High Court have to vote in favor of the president's impeachment during a one-month period where the Court must decide. The president can still pursue the exercise of
356:
states that "A Minister shall not remain in office after the Folketing has passed a vote of no confidence in him" and that "When the Folketing passes a vote of no confidence in the Prime Minister, he shall ask for the dismissal of the Ministry unless writs are to be issued for a general election."
1244:
Lee Siew Choh tabled another motion of no confidence against Lee Kuan Yew's government on 15 June 1963 over issues regarding the proposed merger of Singapore into the Federation of Malaysia. Five members were absent from the Assembly and 1 seat was vacant bringing the total membership down to 45
167:
and a motion or amendment censuring a government have never been successful in the House of Representatives. However, governments have on eight occasions resigned or advised a dissolution after their defeat on other questions before the House. The last time that a government resigned after being
1331:
Under the principle of negative parliamentarism, a prime ministerial candidate nominated by the Speaker does not need the confidence of a majority of MPs to be elected. However, a majority of MPs must not vote against the candidate, which renders prime ministerial votes similar to no-confidence
859:
ruled that the dismissal of the no-confidence motion, the prorogation of the National Assembly, advice of Khan to president Arif Alvi to dissolve the National Assembly and subsequent dissolution of the National Assembly were unconstitutional, and overturned these actions. On 10 April 2022, the
138:
It is not necessarily the case that a vote with the effect of a motion of no confidence be introduced as such. As stated above, certain pieces of legislation may be treated as confidence issues. In some cases, the motion may be an ordinary legislative or procedural matter of little substantive
868:
In Peru, both the legislative and the executive branches have the power to bring a motion of no confidence against acting legal members of the other branch. The president of the Cabinet may propose a motion of no confidence against any minister to Congress, which then needs more than half the
1502:
In the particular case of a motion of no-confidence tabled in response to the government's pushing a bill through without a vote under the provisions of article 49.3, if the motion succeeds, the bill on which the cabinet has committed its responsibility is defeated and the government falls.
811:
The no-confidence procedure has historically been mostly used to remove speakers and deputy speakers. Of the 11 times that the motion has been invoked, nine cases targeted those posts, with four being effective. Votes of no confidence in prime ministers are extremely rare. In November 1989,
291:
The confidence convention is also present in the provincial legislatures of Canada, operating much like their federal counterpart. However, the decision to dissolve the legislature and call an election or to see if another coalition/party can form a government is left to the provincial
1943:. Out of 346, 172 votes have required to gain the majority in national assembly of Pakistan. On 10 April 2022, motion of no confidence was passed by 174 votes out of 346. This was the first time in the history of Pakistan that vote of no confidence resulted in a change of government.
1332:
votes. That means that a prime ministerial candidate, to be successful in the parliamentary vote, must have at least a total of 175 votes in favour or abstention. If a Speaker fails four times to have a nominee elected, an election must be held within three months of the final vote.
623:
Parliament can withdraw its support to the government through a vote of no confidence. A vote of no confidence may be proposed if a tenth of the members of either house sign the proposition and within three days before the appointed date, the vote can be brought into the discussion.
84:. On the other hand, censure is a non-constitutionally-binding expression of disapproval; a motion of censure may be against an individual minister or a group of ministers. However, depending on a country's constitution, a no-confidence motion may be more directed against the entire
116:. Sometimes, motions of confidence or no confidence are proposed even though it is clear that the government does in fact have majority support simply to pressure ministers or put opposition parties in the potentially-embarrassing situation of voting in support of the government.
1784:. That can mean that there have been many short-lived governments because the party structure allows small parties to defeat a government which does not have the majority needed to create a government. This has widely been regarded as the cause of instability for the
1354:, which concerns the spending of money, is seen to require automatically for the government to resign or ask for a new election, much like a no-confidence vote. A government in a Westminster system that cannot spend money is hamstrung, which is also called a
343:
Chamber of Deputies may itself start debate on vote of no confidence of the government, but only if it has been submitted in writing by at least fifty Deputies. To adopt the resolution, an absolute majority of all Deputies have to vote against the govenment.
1545:
introduced the censure motion with the majority of the membership needed to pass to replace interpellation, and removed the option of initiative by the Senate. Nevertheless, instability continued. According to historian René Rémond, President of the Council
103:, and sometimes other key pieces of legislation) may be declared to be a confidence vote – that is, the vote on the bill is treated as a question of confidence in the government; a defeat of the bill expresses no confidence in the government.
1997:
1550:
set up a precedent by submitting the composition of his government to a confidence vote after an interpellation by a deputy, despite the constitution not mentioning this process, thus recreating the problem of the preceding republic. The
566:. Whether or not to grant this request is at the discretion of the President, though no President has ever refused a request for dissolution. Should the President refuse to dissolve the Dáil, the Taoiseach and government must resign.
980:. It was the eighth motion to be brought against Zuma in his presidency and the first to be held via secret ballot. After the vote was held the next day, the motion was defeated 198–177, with 25 abstentions. Around 20 governing
410:
to appoint as its successor. Thus, a motion of no confidence may be brought forward only if there is a positive majority for the new candidate. The idea was to prevent the state crises that occurred near the end of the German
88:. Again, depending on the applicable rules, censure motions may need to state the reasons for the motion, but specific reasons may not be required for no-confidence motions. However, in some countries, especially those with
2711:
3199:
1328:
a prime minister loses a no-confidence vote, the entire government must resign. The speaker may allow the ousted prime minister to head a transitional or caretaker government until Parliament elects a new prime minister.
600:. Within ten days of the government's formation, a confidence motion must be passed. Five governments were forced to resign when a motion of confidence in them failed to pass in one of the houses of Parliament: the
707:
The government can also make any vote a matter of confidence. In the entire history of the Republic of Italy, only two governments were forced to resign when a vote they had made a matter of confidence failed: the
384:, the executive body of the European Union, through a successful motion of no confidence, which requires a two-thirds vote. A successful vote on the motion leads to the resignation of the entire Commission.
111:
There are a number of variations in this procedure between parliaments. In some countries, a motion of no confidence can be directed at the government collectively or at any individual member, including the
1742:, to govern in the absence of a parliamentary majority proved unsuccessful, and by the mid-19th century, the power of a motion of no confidence to break a government was firmly established in the UK.
2009:
583:
131:; if the bill fails (and thus it is shown that parliament has lost its confidence in the government), the Prime Minister is expected to resign or call snap elections. In Westminster systems, the
163:
to agree to it. The House of Representatives has 151 members and so requires 76 votes in favour of the motion when all members of the House are present. A straight vote of no confidence in the
3864:
2640:
1442:, the lower house of the French Parliament, can bring down the government through a motion of no-confidence are outlined in the paragraphs 2 and 3 article 49 of the Constitution of the
235:(provincial) no longer has confidence in the incumbent government. A no-confidence motion may be directed against only the incumbent government, with confidence motions against the
892:
enacted a constitutional process on 29 May 2019 to create a motion of no confidence towards Congress if it refused to co-operate with his proposed actions against corruption.
528:
party members to vote in favour of the government; still it is possible to remove the government by a no-confidence motion if the ruling party breaks by more than one third.
1899:
1182:
to 48 present and voting. The Prime Minister won the vote by 24–16. Therefore, Lee Kuan Yew remained in office. The results for this motion of no confidence are as follows:
1046:
1822:. Furthermore, since 2014, the French president can be impeached only if three conditions are fulfilled: one of the Houses of the French parliament must adopt a sitting in
860:
reconvened National Assembly passed the motion of no confidence against Khan by a majority vote of 172, being the first successful ousting through no–confidence motion.
1695:
251:
confidence may be asserted automatically if such a bill fails to pass. Bills and motions that are considered implicit motions of confidence include appropriations or
1416:, the legislature may occasionally pass motions of no confidence, which removes only the cabinet and the prime minister. The legislature may also have the power to
716:
in 2006. In both cases, the vote made a matter of confidence was a vote on a resolution approving the prime minister's address to one of the houses of Parliament.
757:
3744:
1664:
2659:
1766:
1746:
1396:, only a motion explicitly resolving that "this House has no confidence in His Majesty's Government" was treated as a motion of no confidence. In 2022 the
1366:
1972:
140:
1745:
In the United Kingdom, 11 prime ministers have been defeated through a no-confidence motion, but there has been only one such defeat since 1925, in the
2685:
2926:
2154:
3145:
1100:. This caused PAP's massive majority to diminish. Lee Kuan Yew faced his first confidence vote on 20 July 1961 following the PAP's defeat in the
424:
the issues to be debated. A motion of no confidence is accepted only if it is approved by the absolute majority of the total number of members.
1967:
1401:
1170:
However, among the 16 abstentions were 13 left wing PAP members, who were expelled from the PAP after the vote, and the 13 went on to form the
3119:
1852:.) Three years later, in 2011, Harper's minority government was defeated by a motion of no confidence, which declared the government to be in
191:
and leaders of political parties have been successful on some occasions. Motions of no confidence against the government may be passed in the
3655:
3533:
3681:
1600:
throughout the whole territory of Russia. In the above-mentioned cases, the president is then effectively forced to dismiss the government.
3097:
1849:
1724:
1515:
789:
240:
212:
2225:
2221:
998:
904:, during the presidency of Castillo, would rule that only Congress could interpret whether or not a motion of confidence has been made.
3053:
785:
3707:
2247:
797:
333:
2951:
1756:
In modern times, the passage of a motion of no confidence is a relatively rare event in two-party democracies. In almost all cases,
2593:
2095:
2064:
2038:
1341:
761:
749:
285:
215:, which prohibits members of Parliament from voting against their party and made the removal of a sitting government unattainable.
3034:
1499:
In both cases, if the motion succeeds, the Prime minister is required to tender their government's resignation to the President.
840:
537:
3813:
459:
of the members vote in favour of the motion, it is passed, and all the ministers are expected to resign on their moral grounds.
3391:
1660:
829:
753:
1085:'s independence on 9 August 1965, no Singaporean government has ever faced a motion of no confidence. However, Prime Minister
913:
3785:
3613:
1518:
and it was passed on 5 October 1962, by 280 votes (the absolute majority required was 241 at that time). It led to President
1429:
1074:
196:
852:
574:
The motion of no confidence is outlined in Israeli Basic Law Article 28 and Article 44 of the Knesset's Rule of Procedure.
563:
184:
1178:
tabled a motion of no confidence against Lee Kuan Yew. Three assemblymen were absent bringing the total membership of the
877:
if it has censured or denied its confidence to two Cabinets. The relevant Articles 132–134 are in the 1993 version of the
3408:
1006:(right) congratulates the incoming prime minister Pedro Sánchez (left) upon losing the no-confidence vote on 1 June 2018.
885:
160:
2542:
1474:
motions of no-confidence per regular parliamentary session and no more than one per extraordinary parliamentary session.
1245:
present and voting. This time, Lee Kuan Yew's Government won the vote by a margin of 23–16. The results are as follows:
3638:
3588:
1957:
1019:
393:
321:
1420:
an executive or judicial officer, with another institution or the legislature removing the officer from their office.
274:; votes of no confidence in 2005 and 2011 were the result of explicit confidence motions presented by the opposition.
3896:
1308:
1179:
1105:
993:
277:
In 1968, the standing orders respecting supply were amended to limit opposition to two confidence motions on a given
49:) is deemed fit to continue to occupy their office. The no-confidence vote is a defining constitutional element of a
2421:
3838:
3735:
3370:
1720:
1523:
874:
801:
729:
433:
325:
312:
directed against any individual ministers holding office as they are also nominated by members of the legislature.
38:
2802:
1700:
The first motion of no confidence against an entire government occurred in March 1782 when, following news of the
1467:
needs the backing of an absolute majority of the National Assembly members (normally 289 out of 577) to be passed;
328:). Any new government, appointed after demise of previous one, must no more than 30 days after being appointed by
135:
is always a vote of confidence; even a successful amendment to the budget may be considered a no-confidence vote.
1397:
1393:
1108:
were present and voting. The Prime Minister won the vote by a margin of 27–8 votes. The results were as follows:
954:
897:
643:
sentence in 1996 declared it was indeed possible to propose an individual vote of no confidence against a single
465:
moved the first-ever no-confidence motion on the floor of the Lok Sabha against the government of prime minister
451:
329:
3865:"First ever Successful Vote of No-Confidence in Parliamentary History in 41st Session of 15th National Assembly"
851:
dissolved the National Assembly immediately after receiving advice from Prime Minister Khan to do so, causing a
1857:
1480:
1078:
636:
587:
2877:
1848:. That allowed Harper to delay a potential vote on the no-confidence motion presented by the opposition. (See
1101:
640:
3519:
3505:
3491:
1042:
156:
1593:
1589:
1534:
1522:'s refusal to accept PM Pompidou's resignation, instead dissolving the National Assembly and calling for a
1011:
901:
781:
340:
proposed bill within three months of its submission (otherwise president of the republic can dissolve it).
293:
236:
57:) of the majority in the legislature. Systems differ in whether such a motion may be directed against the
1780:
Motions of no confidence are far more common in multi-party systems in which a minority party must form a
61:, against individual cabinet ministers, against the cabinet as a whole, or some combination of the above.
1716:
1709:
1625:
1506:
Only one motion of no-confidence has been passed since the start of the Fifth Republic in 1958: it was a
1066:
195:
but have little or no impact in the House. However, the Senate's right to refuse supply helped spark the
180:
3551:
1807:
To deal with that situation, the French placed a greater degree of executive power in the office of the
1038:. If the motion is unsuccessful, its signatories may not submit another motion during the same session.
3170:
1705:
1656:
1439:
793:
521:
368:
and 1975. Generally the government will resign or call for an election before a vote of no confidence.
263:
244:
228:
1731:'s resignation after a defeat on a vote in the House of Commons in 1742 is considered to be the first
1962:
1569:
1538:
1413:
1082:
1062:
856:
821:
2784:
930:
have to no more than 14 days after demise of the government or after first sitting of newly elected
3437:
2207:
2127:
1671:
in 2023) was referred to informally as a "no confidence vote" in media reports covering the event.
1320:
1093:
962:
777:
455:
1871:
called for a motion of no confidence against the Cabinet of Ministers, led by the pro-Russian and
288:
to not be a matter of confidence. This was passed in 1985 and is now part of the standing orders.
262:
If a vote of no confidence passes, the prime minister is required to either resign or request the
2927:"Facing calls to quit, Malaysia's prime minister says he will prove his legitimacy in parliament"
2758:
2611:
2005:
1831:
1815:
1774:
1613:
1070:
1023:
958:
601:
406:
requires the opposition, on the same ballot, to propose a candidate of its own whom it wants the
353:
89:
2976:
2732:
1922:
1911:
1853:
1785:
1713:
1621:
1542:
1389:
919:
736:
shall resign en masse, unless the House of Representatives is dissolved within ten (10) days."
256:
99:
In addition to explicit motions of confidence and no-confidence, some bills (almost always the
46:
3342:
3314:
3286:
3258:
3230:
2952:"Muhyiddin Yassin appointed Malaysian caretaker PM after resignation is accepted by the king"
1845:
1617:
1597:
1552:
1530:
1443:
1369:
by just one vote (321-320). There are other, failed motions of no confidence such as that of
1104:. This motion was rather a motion of confidence tabled by the Prime Minister himself. All 51
945:
no confidence passed by the Sejm by a majority of votes of the statutory number of Deputies.
725:
644:
628:
551:
403:
300:
164:
152:
54:
1678:
While the President and Cabinet members can be removed and disqualified from office through
1781:
1683:
1640:
1581:
1015:
923:
878:
817:
745:
559:
510:
407:
364:
Votes of no confidence against the government are rare in Denmark, only occurring in 1909,
358:
308:
232:
120:
85:
77:
69:
50:
2502:
1643:
and/or fixed election dates generally do not use motions of no confidence and instead use
1461:
requires the sponsoring of 58 MPs (a tenth of the total number of lawmakers) to be tabled;
8:
2628:
What happens if the prime minister loses a motion of confidence? he is obliged to resign
1891:
1823:
1819:
1636:
1556:
votes for the no-confidence motion if they are not available the day of the open ballot.
927:
613:
609:
543:
482:
478:
447:
381:
377:
243:, it remains an uncodified practice which is not outlined in any standing orders for the
128:
2597:
1769:
in the UK which was carried by one vote and forced a general election, which was won by
647:, instead of the whole government, and that as such, the motion Mancuso was legitimate.
1381:
1347:
1324:
805:
617:
2855:
889:
843:
in 2022. An earlier attempt led by the opposition was dismissed by the deputy speaker
143:, which was technically a motion to reduce the salary of a minister by a nominal sum.
16:
Statement or vote about whether someone in a position of power is still fit to hold it
3634:
3609:
3584:
2529:
1801:
1770:
1701:
1585:
1519:
1089:
faced three no-confidence motions in 1961, 1962 and 1963, all prior to independence.
1035:
870:
605:
555:
324:
provides for government responsible to the Chamber of Deputies (lower chamber of the
192:
188:
132:
100:
2830:
2476:
1936:
On 8 March 2022, opposition parties filed the motion against then prime minister of
1841:
3708:"En quoi consiste la procédure de destitution du président de la République ?"
1915:
1838:
1837:, of the re-elected minority government of Canada, successfully requested Canadian
1812:
1808:
1757:
1511:
1385:
1171:
1030:
765:
764:, opposition members of Parliament demanded a vote of confidence in Prime Minister
733:
713:
506:
494:
466:
267:
2997:
1925:
1907:
1761:
those in which the government party's slim majority has been eliminated by either
651:
Summary of the vote of no confidence in Minister of Justice Filippo Mancuso, 1995
168:
defeated in the House came in October 1941, when the House rejected the budget of
139:
importance used for the purpose of testing the government's majority, such as the
3901:
3758:
3465:
1789:
1750:
1362:
825:
709:
632:
525:
470:
462:
412:
365:
53:, in which the executive's mandate rests upon the continued support (or at least
3204:
2450:
2393:
2365:
2337:
2309:
2276:
281:
in each of the three supply periods. This provision was repealed in June 1985.
3200:"El Tribunal Constitucional altera el equilibrio de poderes con sus decisiones"
3071:
1880:
1834:
1728:
1668:
1361:
One of the most famous motions of no-confidence in British history was against
1355:
1097:
893:
813:
514:
278:
271:
208:
113:
93:
73:
58:
2641:"When NDA's first PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee lost no-confidence motion by 1 vote"
1903:
473:. As of August 2023, 31 no-confidence motions have been moved. Prime Minister
3890:
1895:
1876:
1547:
1374:
1175:
1050:
1003:
977:
922:(1997) provides for government responsible to the Sejm (lower chamber of the
635:
was forced to resign after a vote of no confidence against him passed in the
490:
486:
474:
169:
81:
2568:
1490:
same conditions to be tabled and passed than those outlined in article 49.2;
732:
passes a non-confidence resolution, or rejects a confidence resolution, the
3790:
3146:"Live updates: NA votes out PM Imran Khan in a historic first for Pakistan"
2899:
2586:
1762:
1580:(at least 226 votes out of 450) pass a motion of no confidence against the
1541:
and a vote, force the government into resigning, creating instability. The
1086:
969:
957:
may request a motion of no confidence in either the Cabinet, excluding the
824:, as the only instance of its use is the one moved in January 2018 against
498:
1727:. Although it is considered the first formal motion of no confidence, Sir
1712:
voted that it "can no longer repose confidence in the present ministers".
1096:
split between the right wing led by Lee Kuan Yew and the left wing led by
3606:
Histoire de France sous la direction de Jean Favier, Tome 6, Notre Siècle
2977:"Part III: The Federation of Pakistan: Chapter 3: The Federal Government"
2179:
Journals, December 20, 1968, pp. 554, 556–7; Standing Order 56(9) of 1969
1952:
1872:
1739:
1679:
1644:
1417:
1392:
was also a confidence motion. However, from 2011 to 2022, under the then-
1370:
1351:
1014:
provides for motions of no confidence to be proposed by one-tenth of the
584:
List of successful votes of no confidence in Kingdom of Italy governments
502:
443:
252:
211:, there is no provision to hold motions of no confidence, as a result of
42:
2248:"N.W.T.'s Health, Infrastructure ministers survive non-confidence votes"
1667:. The first successful such motion at the federal level (the ouster of
1249:
Summary of the Vote of No Confidence in Lee Kuan Yew's Government, 1963
1186:
Summary of the Vote of No Confidence in Lee Kuan Yew's Government, 1962
1940:
1864:
1573:
973:
844:
836:
597:
255:, motions concerning budgetary policy, and the Address in Reply to the
1883:. However, it fell 40 votes short, and Azarov's government prevailed.
3409:"Qué hace falta para que la moción de censura a Rajoy salga adelante"
2102:. House of Commons Procedure and Practice. Parliament of Canada. 2000
2071:. House of Commons Procedure and Practice. Parliament of Canada. 2000
1609:
1493:
no numerical limits set on the MPs' ability to sponsor such a motion.
1464:
is debated and voted upon at least 48 hours after it has been tabled;
1112:
Summary of the Vote of Confidence in Lee Kuan Yew's Government, 1961
848:
784:
of the state. The motions can target speakers and deputy speakers of
547:
439:
41:
and corresponding vote thereon in a deliberative assembly (usually a
1738:
During the early 19th century, attempts by prime ministers, such as
780:
has provision for a no-confidence motion in all constituents of the
3015:
2128:"Taking down the government, how a confidence vote works in Canada"
1937:
1584:
as a whole. In that case, the matter goes for consideration of the
1577:
3098:"Pakistan court rules blocking vote to oust Khan unconstitutional"
2712:"Threatening Indian democratic system: Case of Anti-Defection Law"
2660:"No-confidence motion against NDA govt rejected. Day's highlights"
1018:. Following the German model, votes of no confidence in Spain are
896:
also motioned to use this mechanism against Congress in 2022 when
438:
In India, a motion of no confidence can be introduced only in the
1929:
1918:
that a vote of no confidence resulted in a change of government.
1879:. At least 226 votes were needed to gain a majority in Ukraine's
1868:
1022:
and so the motion must also include an alternative candidate for
399:
304:
176:
65:
3656:"House ousts Kevin McCarthy as speaker, a first in U.S. history"
2878:"Far dimettere il ministro Piantedosi è davvero molto difficile"
1933:
voted with the main opposition bloc's motion of no confidence.
1797:
1565:
1435:
224:
141:
1895 vote of no confidence in the Earl of Rosebery's government
1307:
In September 1963, the Legislative Assembly was dissolved and
524:, when the majority party has an absolute majority and it can
2594:"Procedure regarding motion of no-confidence 9 December 2013"
2222:"Backbench MLAs threaten to vote out N.W.T. Premier, cabinet"
1887:
1793:
1723:
to accept his resignation. That did not immediately create a
1620:. In that case, the government is removed from power and the
1373:
which was won by a narrow margin of 325-306. Or also that of
1319:
A motion of no confidence may be levelled against either the
972:
announced that she would permit a motion of no confidence in
593:
3814:"Swedish prime minister ousted after losing confidence vote"
3581:
MĂ©mentos LMD Principes fondamentaux de droit constitutionnel
3120:"Imran Khan becomes first PM to be ousted via no-trust vote"
816:
faced an ultimately unsuccessful motion of no confidence by
1526:
that resulted in an increased majority for his government.
931:
80:, or, depending on the constitutional procedure at hand, a
2900:"Faizal is fourth chief executive to fail confidence vote"
1696:
List of prime ministers defeated by votes of no confidence
1510:
motion of no-confidence (article 49.2) tabled against the
72:, a vote of no confidence leads to the resignation of the
2686:"Government defeats no-confidence motion in a voice vote"
981:
847:
using Article 5 of the constitution. Later on, President
284:
In 1984, a proposal was made to consider the election of
3552:"House of Commons Factsheet M7: Parliamentary Elections"
1928:
was ousted after he lost a vote of no confidence in the
1384:, a no-confidence motion generally first appeared as an
596:, the government requires the support of both houses of
3016:"BA passes no-confidence motion against Aslam Bhootani"
1029:
Also, the prime minister is barred from dissolving the
477:
faced the most no-confidence motions (15), followed by
3432:
3430:
3225:
3223:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2271:
2269:
984:
members of Parliament voted in favour of the measure.
976:'s government to proceed in the National Assembly via
68:
motion is different from a no-confidence motion. In a
2831:"Le mozioni di sfiducia o censura a singoli ministri"
961:, or the president. The Speaker, within the rules of
937:
Prime minister can ask Sejm for vote of confidence.
839:
was successfully removed as prime minister through a
3733:
Marson, James; Bendavid, Naftali (3 December 2013).
3628:
3090:
2254:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 31 October 2018
1767:
1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry
1747:
1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry
3574:
3572:
3427:
3335:
3307:
3279:
3251:
3220:
3054:"Balochistan CM Zehri quits to avoid no-trust vote"
3035:"Bhutto Survives as No-Confidence Vote Falls Short"
2386:
2358:
2330:
2297:
2266:
1973:
List of motions of no confidence in the Netherlands
3734:
3654:Kinery, Emma; Wilkie, Christina (3 October 2023).
3608:(in French) (1988 ed.). Fayard. p. 392.
1483:' decision to push a bill through without a vote (
1034:is immediately appointed as prime minister by the
3839:"Pakistan PM Imran Khan loses no-confidence vote"
3583:(in French). Gualino Éditeurs. pp. 137–142.
832:, who resigned before the vote could take place.
804:, as well as the chairman and deputy chairman of
469:in August 1963, immediately after the disastrous
3888:
3786:"Mariano Rajoy ousted as Spain's prime minister"
3759:"Mariano Rajoy: Spanish PM forced out of office"
3736:"Ukraine Government Survives No-Confidence Vote"
3569:
3557:. House of Commons Information office. p. 3
3466:"Mariano Rajoy: Spanish PM forced out of office"
2530:German Constitution Official English Translation
2065:"Address in reply to the Speech from the Throne"
914:Constructive vote of no confidence § Poland
768:, but he resigned before this could take place.
3392:"BREAKING: Zuma survives vote of no confidence"
3072:"Pakistan court to decide PM Imran Khan's fate"
1686:, this is not considered a no confidence vote.
1616:may pass a motion of no confidence against the
1470:an MP cannot sponsor more than three different
227:, a vote of no confidence is a motion that the
3732:
2998:"Three speakers removed by opposition in past"
1968:Motions of no confidence in the United Kingdom
1402:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
3403:
3401:
1479:a motion of no-confidence in response to the
1377:which was won by a greater margin (347-238).
898:he attempted to dissolve the legislative body
3653:
1407:
213:Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh
2785:"Motion of No-Confidence in the Government"
2523:
2155:"Feeling confidence about the budget vote?"
2125:
3629:Carcassonne, Guy; Guillaume, Marc (2016).
3398:
558:, then the Taoiseach may request that the
2090:
2088:
2086:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
1902:passed 180–169 after the sentence of the
1818:, which makes it easier to form a stable
835:Since gaining independence in 1947, only
332:, request motion of confidence vote from
45:) as to whether an officer (typically an
3682:"Vote of no confidence: a brief history"
3343:"Constitution of the Republic of Poland"
3315:"Constitution of the Republic of Poland"
3287:"Constitution of the Republic of Poland"
3259:"Constitution of the Republic of Poland"
3231:"Constitution of the Republic of Poland"
2683:
2152:
1850:2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute
1342:Confidence motions in the United Kingdom
997:
750:state legislative assemblies of Malaysia
106:
3633:(in French). Points. pp. 249–259.
3197:
2657:
2043:House of Commons Procedure and Practice
1631:
155:, a motion of no confidence requires a
3889:
3811:
3603:
2992:
2990:
2803:"Constitution of the Italian Republic"
2121:
2119:
2117:
2083:
2024:
1998:"Motions of no confidence and censure"
1992:
1990:
1988:
1867:pro-European riots, the opposition in
1661:United States House of Representatives
1045:, was sworn in on 2 June 2018 after a
546:, if a motion of no confidence in the
3783:
3747:from the original on 3 December 2013.
3679:
3534:"Examines the work of the Government"
3051:
3032:
2727:
2725:
2709:
2445:
2443:
1430:Article 49 of the French Constitution
758:Faizal Azumu's Perak ministry in 2020
239:being inadmissible. Originating as a
197:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
175:Specific motions of no confidence or
3578:
2394:"Constitution of the Czech Republic"
2366:"Constitution of the Czech Republic"
2338:"Constitution of the Czech Republic"
2310:"Constitution of the Czech Republic"
2277:"Constitution of the Czech Republic"
2228:from the original on 5 February 2009
1792:. More recent examples have been in
1628:, who has to form a new government.
762:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis
2987:
2969:
2924:
2684:Upadhyay, Deepak (10 August 2023).
2422:"The Constitutional Act of Denmark"
2161:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2126:Dangerfield, Katie (30 June 2017).
2114:
1985:
1906:, which involved the ruling party.
1682:by the House and conviction in the
886:2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis
13:
3812:Henley, John (25 September 2018).
3052:Zafar, Muhammad (9 January 2018).
2722:
2532:Article 67 – Vote of No Confidence
2440:
2197:Journals, June 27, 1985, pp. 910–9
2188:Journals, June 27, 1985, pp. 910–9
1958:Constructive vote of no confidence
1827:his functions during the process.
1053:had been approved on 1 June 2018.
820:. Same is the case for provincial
538:Confidence motions in Dáil Éireann
394:Constructive vote of no confidence
322:Constitution of the Czech Republic
266:to dissolve parliament and call a
14:
3913:
3688:. Immediate Media Company Limited
3680:Mason, Emma (24 September 2019).
3198:Patriau, Enrique (21 June 2023).
2503:"THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: POWERS"
2153:McGregor, Janyce (11 July 2012).
2002:House of Representatives Practice
1914:. That was the first time in the
1533:, members of both the Senate and
1438:, the conditions under which the
1335:
994:Motions of no confidence in Spain
402:, a vote of no confidence in the
371:
315:
3371:"Rules of the National Assembly"
2658:Agarwal, Nikhil (20 July 2018).
2569:"Parliament of India, Lok Sabha"
1650:
953:Any member of Parliament in the
900:. The Congressionally-appointed
434:Motion of no confidence in India
3857:
3831:
3805:
3777:
3751:
3726:
3700:
3673:
3647:
3622:
3597:
3544:
3526:
3512:
3498:
3484:
3458:
3384:
3363:
3191:
3163:
3138:
3112:
3064:
3045:
3033:Burns, John (2 November 1989).
3026:
3008:
2944:
2918:
2892:
2870:
2848:
2823:
2795:
2777:
2751:
2703:
2677:
2651:
2633:
2604:
2561:
2535:
2495:
2469:
2414:
2240:
2214:
2200:
1398:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
1394:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
1102:Hong Lim and Anson by-elections
1069:must command the confidence of
948:
157:majority of the members present
2925:Lee, Yen Nee (4 August 2021).
2191:
2182:
2173:
2146:
2057:
1367:lost a motion of no-confidence
1174:. On 13 July 1962, Barisan MP
588:2008 Italian government crisis
299:Two Canadian territories, the
1:
3171:"Peru's Constitution of 1993"
2483:(in Danish). 16 December 2013
2208:"Standing Orders - Chapter 1"
1978:
1796:between the 1950s and 1990s,
1516:constitutional reform dispute
562:dissolve the Dáil and call a
202:
2981:The Constitution of Pakistan
2457:(in Danish). 11 January 2017
2045:. Parliament of Canada. 2017
1603:
1056:
1041:The current prime minister,
1012:Spanish Constitution of 1978
1002:The outgoing prime minister
902:Constitutional Court of Peru
869:Congress to approve it. The
146:
7:
2096:"The Confidence Convention"
2039:"The Confidence Convention"
1946:
1765:or defections, such as the
1710:Parliament of Great Britain
1309:fresh elections were called
1067:prime minister of Singapore
1061:Under Article 25(1) of the
771:
739:
10:
3918:
3784:Jones, Sam (1 June 2018).
3438:"The Spanish Constitution"
2100:Parliaments and Ministries
2004:(6th ed.). Canberra:
1708:the previous October, the
1706:American Revolutionary War
1702:British defeat at Yorktown
1693:
1689:
1663:can be used to remove the
1427:
1339:
991:
968:On 7 August 2017, Speaker
911:
756:four times, most recently
754:heads of state governments
627:Since the drafting of the
581:
535:
531:
431:
391:
387:
347:
127:internally divided, or in
3520:"Motion of No Confidence"
3506:"Motion of No Confidence"
3415:(in Spanish). 25 May 2018
2759:"Constitution of Ireland"
2733:"Constitution of Ireland"
2134:. Corus Entertainment Inc
1904:GĂĽrtel corruption scandal
1735:motion of no confidence.
1725:constitutional convention
1719:responded by asking King
1568:, the lower house of the
1559:
1454:motion of no-confidence (
1423:
1414:semi-presidential systems
1408:Semi-presidential systems
1388:although the vote on the
1314:
1253:
1190:
1116:
1092:The 1960s saw the ruling
1063:Constitution of Singapore
928:President of the Republic
907:
871:president of the republic
857:Supreme Court of Pakistan
748:, votes of confidence in
655:
602:eighth De Gasperi cabinet
569:
418:
330:president of the republic
241:constitutional convention
218:
121:parliamentary democracies
3897:Motions of no confidence
2856:"Sentenza n. 7 del 1996"
1910:was sworn in as the new
1647:as a similar mechanism.
1323:on behalf of the entire
987:
828:, the chief minister of
778:Constitution of Pakistan
746:federal political system
730:House of Representatives
719:
577:
450:) and after at least 50
427:
209:Parliament of Bangladesh
185:leader of the opposition
172:'s minority government.
161:House of Representatives
90:uncodified constitutions
3741:The Wall Street Journal
2006:Parliament of Australia
1900:motion of no confidence
1832:Canadian Prime Minister
1816:plurality voting system
1614:Parliament of Sri Lanka
1047:motion of no confidence
863:
855:. On 7 April 2022, the
841:motion of no confidence
724:Article 69 of the 1947
618:seventh Fanfani cabinet
614:fifth Andreotti cabinet
610:first Andreotti cabinet
3579:TĂĽrk, Pauline (2016).
3492:"Motion of Confidence"
3002:The News International
2710:Kumar, S (June 2017).
1923:Swedish Prime Minister
1921:On 25 September 2018,
1912:Spanish prime minister
1854:contempt of Parliament
1786:French Fourth Republic
1714:British Prime Minister
1622:president of Sri Lanka
1390:Speech from the Throne
1346:Traditionally, in the
1007:
920:Constitution of Poland
728:provides that "if the
257:Speech from the Throne
3604:Rémond, René (1988).
3178:Constitureproject.org
2612:"Rules of confidence"
2547:Hellenicparliament.gr
2477:"mistillidsdagsorden"
2426:The Danish Parliament
1624:has to appoint a new
1618:Sri Lankan government
1537:could, with a simple
1340:Further information:
1001:
992:Further information:
853:constitutional crisis
726:Constitution of Japan
629:Constitution of Italy
606:first Fanfani cabinet
552:government of Ireland
301:Northwest Territories
165:Australian government
153:Australian Parliament
107:Parliamentary systems
27:vote of no confidence
1863:In 2013, during the
1782:coalition government
1665:Speaker of the House
1641:separation of powers
1637:Presidential systems
1632:Presidential systems
1582:government of Russia
1481:Council of Ministers
1400:was repealed by the
1180:Legislative Assembly
1016:Congress of Deputies
924:Parliament of Poland
879:Constitution of Peru
818:Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
714:second Prodi cabinet
641:Constitutional Court
511:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
357:The vote requires a
352:Paragraph 15 of the
309:consensus government
233:legislative assembly
70:parliamentary system
51:parliamentary system
3124:The Express Tribune
3058:The Express Tribune
3022:. 26 December 2012.
3004:. 19 December 2010.
1898:was ousted after a
1886:On 1 June 2018, in
1846:prorogue Parliament
1820:majority government
1535:Chamber of Deputies
1514:government over a
1250:
1187:
1113:
790:national assemblies
710:first Prodi cabinet
652:
483:P. V. Narasimha Rao
479:Lal Bahadur Shastri
448:Parliament of India
382:European Commission
378:European Parliament
354:Danish Constitution
334:Chamber of Deputies
294:lieutenant-governor
237:Official Opposition
129:minority government
29:(or the inverse, a
3150:www.thenews.com.pk
3100:. www.aljzeera.com
3039:The New York Times
2763:Irish Statute Book
2737:Irish Statute Book
2645:Hindustantimes.com
2549:. 28 November 2019
2510:Europarl.europa.eu
1858:election that year
1775:Conservative Party
1594:state of emergency
1382:British Parliament
1350:, the defeat of a
1348:Westminster system
1325:Swedish government
1248:
1185:
1111:
1008:
650:
522:Anti-Defection Law
404:federal chancellor
35:vote of confidence
33:and corresponding
3615:978-2-213-02039-6
3378:Parliament.gov.za
3347:en.wikisource.org
3319:en.wikisource.org
3291:en.wikisource.org
3263:en.wikisource.org
3235:en.wikisource.org
2906:. 4 December 2020
2616:Indianexpress.com
2451:"Mistillidsvotum"
2398:en.wikisource.org
2370:en.wikisource.org
2342:en.wikisource.org
2314:en.wikisource.org
2281:en.wikisource.org
2012:on 15 August 2016
1771:Margaret Thatcher
1590:general elections
1586:Russian president
1440:National Assembly
1303:
1302:
1240:
1239:
1166:
1165:
955:National Assembly
782:Electoral College
752:have removed its
712:in 1996, and the
705:
704:
639:. The subsequent
452:Lok Sabha members
408:federal president
183:, ministers, the
133:government budget
101:government budget
3909:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3738:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3538:Sveriges Riksdag
3530:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3394:. 8 August 2017.
3388:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3353:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3175:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2789:M.knesset.gov.il
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2596:. Archived from
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2481:Den Store Danske
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2123:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2008:. Archived from
1994:
1916:history of Spain
1839:Governor-general
1809:French president
1758:party discipline
1657:motion to vacate
1570:Federal Assembly
1386:early day motion
1251:
1247:
1188:
1184:
1172:Barisan Sosialis
1114:
1110:
1031:Cortes Generales
766:Muhyiddin Yassin
653:
649:
616:in 1979 and the
564:general election
507:H. D. Deve Gowda
495:Jawaharlal Nehru
493:(two each), and
467:Jawaharlal Nehru
454:support it, the
380:can dismiss the
326:Czech parliament
268:general election
264:governor-general
245:House of Commons
229:House of Commons
43:legislative body
3917:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3871:. 27 April 2022
3863:
3862:
3858:
3848:
3846:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3810:
3806:
3796:
3794:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3631:La Constitution
3627:
3623:
3616:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3577:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3380:. 11 June 2020.
3373:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3351:
3349:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3323:
3321:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3267:
3265:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3239:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3050:
3046:
3031:
3027:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2656:
2652:
2647:. 20 July 2018.
2639:
2638:
2634:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2600:on 9 July 2012.
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2374:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2124:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2069:Special Debates
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2025:
2015:
2013:
1996:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1949:
1875:Prime Minister
1811:, along with a
1790:Weimar Republic
1788:and the German
1751:James Callaghan
1698:
1692:
1653:
1634:
1606:
1578:simple majority
1562:
1543:Fourth Republic
1432:
1426:
1410:
1363:James Callaghan
1344:
1338:
1317:
1059:
996:
990:
951:
916:
910:
890:MartĂn Vizcarra
866:
826:Sanaullah Zehri
822:chief ministers
798:chief ministers
774:
742:
722:
633:Filippo Mancuso
590:
580:
572:
540:
534:
520:Even after the
471:Sino-Indian War
463:J. B. Kripalani
436:
430:
421:
413:Weimar Republic
396:
390:
374:
359:simple majority
350:
318:
307:, operate as a
221:
205:
149:
109:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3915:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3883:
3882:
3856:
3845:. 9 April 2022
3830:
3804:
3776:
3750:
3725:
3699:
3672:
3646:
3640:978-2757857199
3639:
3621:
3614:
3596:
3590:978-2297055628
3589:
3568:
3543:
3525:
3511:
3497:
3483:
3457:
3426:
3397:
3383:
3362:
3334:
3306:
3278:
3250:
3219:
3190:
3162:
3137:
3126:. 9 April 2022
3111:
3089:
3078:. 4 April 2022
3063:
3044:
3025:
3007:
2986:
2968:
2943:
2917:
2891:
2880:. 3 March 2023
2869:
2858:. giurcost.org
2847:
2822:
2794:
2776:
2750:
2721:
2702:
2676:
2650:
2632:
2618:. 12 July 2008
2603:
2585:
2573:164.100.47.194
2560:
2534:
2522:
2494:
2468:
2439:
2428:. 7 March 2017
2413:
2385:
2357:
2329:
2296:
2265:
2239:
2213:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2145:
2113:
2082:
2056:
2023:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:Interpellation
1960:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1881:Verkhovna Rada
1856:and led to an
1842:Michaëlle Jean
1835:Stephen Harper
1729:Robert Walpole
1691:
1688:
1669:Kevin McCarthy
1652:
1649:
1639:with a robust
1633:
1630:
1626:prime minister
1605:
1602:
1561:
1558:
1553:Fifth Republic
1539:interpellation
1531:Third Republic
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1444:Fifth Republic
1428:Main article:
1425:
1422:
1409:
1406:
1356:loss of supply
1337:
1336:United Kingdom
1334:
1321:prime minister
1316:
1313:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1098:Lim Chin Siong
1058:
1055:
1024:prime minister
989:
986:
950:
947:
909:
906:
894:Pedro Castillo
865:
862:
814:Benazir Bhutto
794:prime minister
773:
770:
744:In Malaysia's
741:
738:
721:
718:
703:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:
660:
657:
579:
576:
571:
568:
536:Main article:
533:
530:
515:Manmohan Singh
485:(three each),
432:Main article:
429:
426:
420:
417:
392:Main article:
389:
386:
373:
372:European Union
370:
349:
346:
317:
316:Czech Republic
314:
279:opposition day
272:loss of supply
220:
217:
204:
201:
181:prime minister
148:
145:
114:prime minister
108:
105:
94:snap elections
74:Prime Minister
59:prime minister
55:non-opposition
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3914:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3780:
3765:. 1 June 2018
3764:
3760:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3592:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3573:
3553:
3547:
3540:. 8 May 2023.
3539:
3535:
3529:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3472:. 1 June 2018
3471:
3467:
3461:
3446:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3387:
3379:
3372:
3366:
3359:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3331:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3303:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3275:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3194:
3179:
3172:
3166:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3099:
3093:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2879:
2873:
2857:
2851:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2765:. 1 July 1937
2764:
2760:
2754:
2739:. 1 July 1937
2738:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2326:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2209:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1926:Stefan Löfven
1924:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:Pedro Sánchez
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:Mariano Rajoy
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:Mykola Azarov
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:United States
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1548:Paul Ramadier
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1524:snap election
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1375:Boris Johnson
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:Lee Siew Choh
1173:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1051:Mariano Rajoy
1048:
1044:
1043:Pedro Sánchez
1039:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1004:Mariano Rajoy
1000:
995:
985:
983:
979:
978:secret ballot
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
946:
942:
938:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
915:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
873:may dissolve
872:
861:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
769:
767:
763:
760:. During the
759:
755:
751:
747:
737:
735:
731:
727:
717:
715:
711:
700:
697:
694:
692:
691:
687:
684:
681:
679:
678:
674:
671:
668:
666:
665:
661:
658:
654:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
619:
615:
612:in 1972, the
611:
608:in 1954, the
607:
604:in 1953, the
603:
599:
595:
589:
585:
575:
567:
565:
561:
557:
554:is passed by
553:
549:
545:
539:
529:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:Narendra Modi
488:
487:Morarji Desai
484:
480:
476:
475:Indira Gandhi
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
435:
425:
416:
414:
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1873:eurosceptic
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1680:impeachment
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2543:"Σύνταγμα"
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2159:CBC News
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