1507:. 21 January 2019. Quote 1: "The Moon Treaty acknowledges a role for private enterprise as 'non-governmental' entities. Although it requires all private activities in space to be under the 'supervision and control' of their country of origin, it does not specify any further regulations. Rather, it leaves it up to the 'Member States'—those nations who have adopted the treaty—to create a framework of laws to facilitate the 'safe and orderly' commercial use of space resources, at such time when such regulations become necessary"; "Quote 2: "It is worth repeating that the Moon Treaty does not mandate any specific regulation for space commerce, but does require countries to create such regulations as the need arises."
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424:, stated that the Moon Treaty was opposed to free enterprise and private property rights. Ratiner provided a potential solution to the Moon Treaty, and suggested that there should be legal claims to the Moon and "there should be a system to register such claims. By the way, I'm not speaking of claims to territory...I don't think it's necessary for us to deal with the issue of whether one can make a claim to the land itself, as long as one has the exclusive right to use it."
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431:(COPUOS) held a high-level meeting that tried to produce a consensus on a framework of laws for the sustainable development of outer space, but it also failed to do so when S. Neil Hosenball, who is the NASA General Counsel and chief US negotiator for the Moon Treaty, decided that negotiation of the rules of the international regime should be delayed until the feasibility of exploitation of lunar resources has been established.
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claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means." It also expresses a desire to prevent the Moon from becoming a source of international conflict, so that the resources should be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. To those ends, the treaty lays several provisions, and some of these are paraphrased below:
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behavior of states, international organizations, and individuals who explore celestial bodies other than Earth, as well as administration of the resources that exploration may yield." It proposed to do so by having the state parties produce an "international regime" that would establish the appropriate procedures (Article 11.5).
1438:"Institutional Framework for the Province of all Mankind: Lessons from the International Seabed Authority for the Governance of Commercial Space Mining.] Jonathan Sydney Koch. "Institutional Framework for the Province of all Mankind: Lessons from the International Seabed Authority for the Governance of Commercial Space Mining."
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Experts though have affirmed that the Moon Treaty does allow commercial mining, since it allows extraction after the international regulatory regime, that the Moon Treaty asks for, is put into place. Therefore it is concluded, that the Moon Treaty is incomplete and lacks an "implementation agreement"
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Moon
Agreement, Article 11.5 quote: "5. States Parties to this Agreement hereby undertake to establish an international regime, including appropriate procedures, to govern the exploitation of the natural resources of the moon as such exploitation is about to become feasible. This provision shall be
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Echoing legal experts S. Neil
Hosenball, who is the NASA General Counsel and chief US negotiator for the Moon Treaty, decided in 2018 that negotiation of the rules of this international regime should be delayed until the feasibility of exploitation of lunar resources has been established. An expert
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While the treaty reiterates the prohibition of sovereignty of "any part" of space, the current imprecision of the agreement, being called unfinished, generated various interpretations, this being cited as the main reason it was not signed by most countries. The treaty proposes that the exploitation
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Similar national legislations legalizing extraterrestrial appropriation of resources are now being replicated by other nations, including
Luxembourg, Japan, China, India and Russia. While the "national" treaty explicitly allows commercial mining, other experts argue that these new national laws are
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was signed, it was followed in 1968 with the United
Nations convened UNISPACE, the United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. It was the first of a series of UN-sponsored conferences intended to create an international framework of laws to guide humanity's use of
250:
was signed, technologies and society evolved, requiring a redefinition of the rights and responsibilities of citizens and governments alike in the use and development of outer space. The primary stated objective of the 1979 Moon Treaty is "to provide the necessary legal principles for governing the
274:
The Moon Treaty lays several provisions outlined in 21 articles. In
Article 11, the treaty makes a declaration that the Moon should be used for the benefit of all states and all peoples of the international community. It reiterates that lunar resources are "not subject to national appropriation by
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However since rights to economic benefits are claimed to be necessary to ensure investment in private missions to the Moon, private companies in the US have been seeking clearer national regulatory conditions and guidelines prompting the US government to do so, which subsequently legalized space
419:
was one of the supporters of the treaty, and he attempted to compare the Moon Treaty to mining rights within the United States. Hosenball was unsuccessful in his attempt to convince the committee that the United States should ratify the Moon Treaty. The opposition, led by Leigh
Ratiner of the
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After ten more years of negotiations, the Moon Treaty was created in 1979 as a framework of laws to develop a regime of detailed procedures, and as such, it remained imprecise: its
Article 11.5 states that the exploitation of the natural shall be governed by an international regime that would
385:
establish the appropriate procedures. In order to define this regime or laws, a series of UN-sponsored conferences took place, but brought no consensus. The continuing disagreement is based mainly over the meaning of "Common
Heritage of Mankind" and on the rights of each country to the
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There shall be freedom of scientific research and exploration and use on the Moon by any party without discrimination of any kind. (Article 6) Samples obtained during research activities, are hoped to be made available to all countries and scientific communities for research. (Article
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The agreement has been described without fruition and possibly a failure if it remains ratified by few countries, particularly those active in space. Only two countries (France and India) with independent spaceflight capabilities have signed (but not ratified) the treaty.
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called "Encouraging
International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources." The order emphasizes that "the United States does not view outer space as a 'global commons" and calls the Moon Agreement "a failed attempt at constraining free enterprise."
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Bans any military use of celestial bodies, including weapon testing, nuclear weapons in orbit, or military bases. The use of military personnel for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes shall not be prohibited. (Article
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in space law and economics summarized that the treaty would need to offer adequate provisions against any one company acquiring a monopoly position in the world minerals market, while avoiding "the socialization of the Moon."
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State parties shall ensure that non-governmental entities under their jurisdiction shall engage in activities on the Moon only under the authority and continuing supervision of the appropriate state party. (Article
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Any state party to this agreement may give notice of its withdrawal by written notification to the
Secretary-General of the United Nations. It will take effect one year from the date of this notification. (Article
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In the United States on July 29 and 31, 1980, the Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space, which was a part of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation held hearings on the Moon Treaty.
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parties in 1984. As of January 2019, 18 states are parties to the treaty, seven of which ratified the agreement and the rest acceded. Four additional states have signed but not ratified the treaty. The
362:' to outer space activities, and to have the participating countries produce a regime that lays the appropriate procedures for orderly mining. Multiple conferences produced no consensus on these two items.
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1688:. 5 March 2018. Quote: "Its not really so much what the regulation is but that there is regulatory clarity. Right now, because there are no clear regulations on these activities, companies are afraid, "
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1953:"The Space Treaty Institute – Dedicated to Peace and Sustainability in Outer Space. Our Mission: To give people Hope and Inspiration by helping the nations of Earth to build a Common Future"
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Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
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for the Moon Treaty has been advocated for, as a way to compensate for the shortcomings of the Moon Treaty and to harmonize it with other laws, allowing it to be more widely accepted.
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of all celestial bodies (including the orbits around such bodies) over to the participant countries. Thus, all activities would conform to international law, including the
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The orderly and safe use of the natural lunar resources with an equitable sharing by all state parties in the benefits derived from those resources. (Article 11.7)
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With Australia signing and ratifying both the Moon Treaty as well as the Artemis Accords, there has been a discussion if they can be harmonized. In this light an
238:) since its creation on December 18, 1979, and thus it has little to no relevancy in international law. As of May 2024, 17 states are parties to the treaty.
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358:, it reiterates most provisions, and adds two new concepts in order to address the exploitation of natural resources in outer space: to apply the concept of '
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Provides a framework of laws to establish an international cooperation regime, including appropriate procedures, to govern the responsible exploitation of
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All parties shall inform the United Nations as well as the public, of their activities concerned with the exploration and use of the Moon. (Article 5)
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were signed, while not mentioning the treaty, they are nevertheless challenging the treaty. At the time of the signing of the accords U.S. President
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Shall promptly inform the United Nations and the public of any phenomena which could endanger human life or health, as well as of any indication of
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Any areas or regions reported to have a special scientific interest, shall be designated as international scientific preserves. (Article 7.3)
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imaging system as the spacecraft flew over the northern regions of the Moon on 7 December 1992. The colors indicate different materials.
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the Moon Treaty, must be revised so that investors in a future space economy can achieve a sustainable return on their investments.
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of resources shall be governed by an international regime (Article 11.5), but there has been no consensus establishing these laws.
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U.S. Congress. Senate, Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space of the Committee of Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
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The treaty was finalized in 1979 and, after satisfying the condition requiring 5 ratifying states, it entered into force for the
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Administration Statement on Executive Order on Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources
1590:, Reaching for the High Frontier, The American Pro-Space Movement 1972-84, by Michael A. G. Michaud, National Space Society.
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The controversy on claims and on mining rights for profit have dominated the discussion around the laws governing the Moon.
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The Moon Treaty proposes to establish an "international regime" or "framework of laws" that apply to the Moon and to other
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2066:(UNOOSA), including versions of the treaty in several languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
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Hearings before Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space of the Committee of Commerce, Science, and Transportation
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The placement of personnel or equipment on or below the surface shall not create a right of ownership. (Article 11)
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Bans altering the environmental balance of celestial bodies and requires that states take measures to prevent
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Executive Order on Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources
16:
International agreement attempting to regulate activities on the Moon and other celestial bodies
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2056:— "Agreement Governing The Activities Of States On the Moon And Other Celestial Bodies" (1979)
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The Space Treaty Institute – Dedicated to Peace and Sustainability in Outer Space. Our Mission
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Status of international agreements relating to activities in outer space as at 1 January 2008
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Lunar ISRU 2019: Developing a New Space Economy Through Lunar Resources and Their Utilization
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Regulation of the Outer Space Environment Through International Accord: The 1979 Moon Treaty.
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1415:- Resolution 34/68 Adopted by the General Assembly. 89th plenary meeting; 5 December 1979.
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1927:"The Space Review: The Artemis Accords: repeating the mistakes of the Age of Exploration"
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H.R.2262 - U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act. 114th Congress (2015-2016)
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Any state party to this agreement may propose amendments to the agreement. (Article 17)
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1381:"Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies"
1350:"Agreement governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies"
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Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.
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The last effort culminated in June 2018 after eight years of negotiations, when the
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Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies
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Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies
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Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies
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Current International Legal Framework Applicability to Space Resource Activities.
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2043:- promotes the expansion of the rule of law for the peaceful use of outer space.
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1790:"Asteroid mining could be space's new frontier: the problem is doing it legally"
1425:
8778:
8440:
7310:
7199:
7081:
6962:
6622:
6591:
5933:
5800:
5401:
5314:
5309:
5245:
5070:
4617:
4315:
3796:
3720:
3585:
3502:
3479:
2856:
2843:
2736:
2667:
2657:
2642:
2620:
2610:
2506:
2496:
2445:
2366:
2046:
1681:
1658:
1639:
1604:
1500:
1353:
1211:
9321:
9285:
7185:
7110:
7093:
7015:
6974:
6656:
6634:
5767:
5697:
4781:
4772:
4577:
4174:
4140:
4022:
3916:
3849:
3458:
3398:
3235:
3212:
3180:
3166:
3143:
2804:
2721:
2652:
2615:
2455:
2376:
2240:
2235:
455:
answering the unresolved issues, particularly regarding resource extraction.
223:
1380:
503:
406:
and others successfully opposed signing of the treaty by the United States.
9119:
7232:
7227:
7160:
7123:
6370:
5463:
5121:
4243:
4233:
4008:
3824:
3743:
3564:
3442:
3257:
3097:
2971:
2861:
2796:
2465:
2450:
2151:
2146:
1837:
Fabio Tronchetti, IISL/ECSL Space Law Symposium 2017, Vienna 27 March 2017.
1136:
627:
480:
398:
264:
231:
215:
204:
4186:
3382:
286:
colored mosaic constructed from a series of 53 images taken through three
9269:
9243:
8349:
6890:
6878:
6866:
6729:
6676:
5982:
5588:
5482:
5279:
5104:
4956:
4761:
4608:
4101:
4043:
4015:
4001:
3976:
3867:
3817:
3488:
3226:
3205:
2992:
2689:
2555:
2245:
2100:
904:
823:
283:
371:
7180:
5008:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
4691:
4310:
4283:
3930:
3509:
3435:
3375:
3329:
3271:
3090:
2823:
2731:
2674:
2634:
2428:
2129:
1862:
The Moon Agreement and Private Enterprise: Lessons from Investment Law.
695:
421:
403:
316:
of the environments of celestial bodies, including Earth. (Article 7.1)
110:
1605:"The Moon Treaty: failed international law or waiting in the shadows?"
8923:
8911:
8875:
8576:
8141:
7767:
7755:
6736:
6400:
6263:
6124:
6038:
5361:
4949:
4332:
3937:
3923:
3909:
3886:
3835:
3465:
3189:
3129:
3083:
3015:
2833:
2684:
2401:
2282:
2203:
2186:
1282:
1047:
985:
587:
4991:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
1847:
Extraterrestrial Property and Space Law: Frequently Asked Questions.
1761:"Law Provides New Regulatory Framework for Space Commerce | RegBlog"
6938:
6902:
6784:
6132:
4917:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
4706:
4630:
4442:
3944:
3902:
3879:
3757:
3122:
851:
443:
inconsistent with the Moon Treaty and customary international law.
2028:
8406:
8035:
6998:
6808:
6137:
5205:
4640:
4559:
3136:
1087:
957:
795:
745:
642:
612:
560:
7022:
6950:
6914:
6842:
6796:
6760:
6748:
6610:
5376:
4801:
2647:
2511:
1027:
932:
770:
720:
268:
227:
200:
2069:
1978:"Reference: C.N.124.2012.TREATIES-2 (Depositary Notification)"
1952:
1901:"Australia Between the Moon Agreement and the Artemis Accords"
1713:
If space is 'the province of mankind', who owns its resources?
9136:
9022:
7046:
7034:
6926:
6854:
6772:
6598:
6253:
5994:
5093:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
4791:
4528:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
3810:
3633:
3451:
3074:
1556:
implemented in accordance with article 18 of this Agreement."
1067:
667:
429:
United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
8600:
8342:
7868:
7505:
7058:
6820:
6361:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
4995:
3842:
3198:
2938:
876:
2040:
6023:
4907:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
2528:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1092:
1072:
1052:
1032:
992:
967:
962:
939:
914:
909:
886:
881:
858:
833:
828:
805:
800:
777:
752:
727:
702:
677:
672:
649:
622:
617:
594:
567:
6475:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
6366:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
4986:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
2907:
4945:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
2002:"C.N.4.2023.TREATIES-XXIV.2 (Depositary Notification)"
7238:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
6381:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
1919:
91:
English, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese
5035:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
1571:
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, 2008
1522:Schingler, J. K.; Kapoglou, A. (July 15–17, 2019).
437:
Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015
7245:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
6356:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
5025:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
5003:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
1830:
1828:
1826:
1715:Senjuti Mallick and Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan.
1700:. Sponsor: Rep. McCarthy, Kevin. 5 December 2015.
6486:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
6346:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
1633:
1631:
1521:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
9283:
7340:
6341:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
1517:
1515:
1513:
271:around or other trajectories to or around them.
6469:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
4996:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
4870:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
1866:Journal of International & Comparative Law.
1823:
1659:"Why it's a bad idea to weaken the Moon Treaty"
1501:Beyond UNISPACE: It's time for the Moon Treaty.
1298:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
5753:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
4538:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
4494:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
1682:Why it's a bad idea to weaken the Moon Treaty.
1677:
1675:
1628:
1397:
9417:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
9258:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
7326:
6304:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
6276:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
5111:Creation of the British National Space Centre
4499:European Space Research and Technology Centre
4409:
4399:
4202:
2923:
2085:
2064:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
1905:Australian Institute of International Affairs
1510:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1385:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
1257:
168:
4550:European Space Security and Education Centre
1722:
1308:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
6391:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
6351:International Mobile Satellite Organization
6231:Politics of the International Space Station
4866:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
4216:
1855:
1708:
1706:
1672:
1656:
1574:
446:
218:by any state that engages in self-launched
7333:
7319:
6386:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
6376:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
5723:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
5140:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
4463:European Launcher Development Organisation
4209:
4195:
2930:
2916:
2092:
2078:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1452:
1264:
1250:
409:
175:
161:
6463:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
6309:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
6249:International Civil Aviation Organization
5791:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
5688:Launch of the Space Launch System program
5683:Cancellation of the Constellation program
1783:
1781:
1728:
1598:
1596:
1564:
1562:
1100:
5843:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
1703:
1432:
502:
277:
6492:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
5614:2002 National missile defense directive
4967:Council of European Aerospace Societies
4849:Western European Union Satellite Centre
2577:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
1637:
1602:
1483:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
82:Secretary-General of the United Nations
9284:
7265:International Astronautical Federation
6046:
5574:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
4982:European Committee for Standardization
4594:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
2599:Psychological and sociological effects
1787:
1778:
1593:
1559:
1480:, Volume 2, Number 2, Article 1, 2011.
1003:
7314:
7260:International Academy of Astronautics
6481:International Docking System Standard
6326:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
6319:International Planetary Data Alliance
6226:International Space Station programme
5948:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
5858:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
5150:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
4912:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
4589:Space Situational Awareness Programme
4190:
2911:
2073:
435:mining in 2015 by introducing the US
7255:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
5270:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
4477:European Space Research Organisation
2041:International Institute of Space Law
1638:Beldavs, Vidvuds (15 January 2018).
1603:Listner, Michael (24 October 2011).
1366:
1325:
9312:Treaties entered into force in 1984
6114:United Rocket and Space Corporation
5768:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
5648:Launch of the Constellation program
5372:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
1731:"Space Mining and (U.S.) Space Law"
13:
7208:Air & Space Forces Association
5848:Antennas & Propagation Society
5056:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
4977:European Civil Aviation Conference
2308:Weather and environment monitoring
1729:Ridderhof, R. (18 December 2015).
498:
14:
9438:
6281:General Assembly Fourth Committee
6269:Space Generation Advisory Council
5703:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4877:EU Agency for the Space Programme
4626:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4599:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
4426:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
4368:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
4148:Lilith (hypothetical second moon)
2022:
1625:, 96th Congress, 2nd sess., 1980.
507:Participation in the Moon Treaty
246:It was noted that since the 1967
9237:
9225:
9213:
9201:
9189:
9177:
9154:
9142:
9130:
9030:
9011:
8984:
8972:
8953:
8941:
8917:
8905:
8893:
8881:
8869:
8846:
8834:
8822:
8808:
8796:
8784:
8772:
8733:
8721:
8709:
8697:
8685:
8673:
8661:
8649:
8637:
8625:
8606:
8594:
8582:
8570:
8558:
8546:
8527:
8515:
8503:
8491:
8479:
8465:
8453:
8360:
8290:
8271:
8252:
8233:
8214:
8195:
8183:
8171:
8159:
8147:
8135:
8112:
8100:
8088:
8076:
8064:
8052:
8029:
8017:
7988:
7976:
7953:
7941:
7917:
7905:
7893:
7881:
7862:
7808:
7785:
7761:
7749:
7692:
7680:
7651:
7639:
7627:
7615:
7603:
7578:
7566:
7554:
7542:
7530:
7511:
7499:
7487:
7453:
7441:
7429:
7417:
7398:
7386:
7270:International Astronomical Union
7092:
7080:
7068:
7057:
7045:
7033:
7021:
6997:
6973:
6961:
6949:
6937:
6925:
6913:
6901:
6889:
6877:
6865:
6853:
6841:
6819:
6807:
6795:
6783:
6771:
6759:
6747:
6735:
6633:
6621:
6609:
6597:
6093:Medvedev modernisation programme
5796:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
5464:1985 anti-satellite missile test
5128:Space Innovation and Growth Team
4873:European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
4555:European Space Operations Centre
4516:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
4170:
4169:
4111:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3034:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2027:
1717:The Observer Research Foundation
1657:O'Brien, Dennis (5 March 2018).
1478:Fordham Environmental Law Review
1129:
1080:
1060:
1040:
1020:
978:
950:
925:
897:
869:
844:
816:
788:
763:
738:
713:
688:
660:
635:
605:
580:
553:
121:International ownership treaties
101:
6519:Astronomical naming conventions
5444:Strategy of Technology doctrine
5216:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
5134:Creation of the UK Space Agency
4584:European Space Policy Institute
4544:European Space Astronomy Centre
3533:Selenographic coordinate system
2352:Space launch market competition
2099:
1994:
1970:
1882:
1871:
1840:
1800:
1788:Davies, Rob (6 February 2016).
1753:
1691:
1650:
1615:
1429:, Dec. 5, 1979, 1363 U.N.T.S. 3
458:
392:
7250:British Interplanetary Society
7213:Alliance for Space Development
6336:Global Standards Collaboration
6259:Office for Outer Space Affairs
5786:China exclusion policy of NASA
5454:Space Station Freedom proposal
5367:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
4437:Planetary Exploration of China
4261:Planetary protection principle
4060:Artificial objects on the Moon
2589:Health threat from cosmic rays
1983:. New York, NY: United Nations
1852:. Accessed on 6 November 2019.
1549:
1418:
1202:International Seabed Authority
1:
6433:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
5763:Launch of the Artemis program
5693:Redesign of the Orion program
5609:Aerospace Industry Commission
5305:Launch of the Mariner program
5030:European Southern Observatory
4730:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)
3151:Total penumbral lunar eclipse
1524:"Common Pool Lunar Resources"
1448:10.1080/14777622.2017.1381824
1318:
387:natural resources of the Moon
307:natural resources of the Moon
254:
7342:Public-sector space agencies
6514:Extraterrestrial real estate
6054:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
5954:Soviet crewed lunar programs
5863:Vehicular Technology Society
5853:Broadcast Technology Society
5628:Vision for Space Exploration
5545:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
5503:Space Exploration Initiative
5449:Strategic Defense Initiative
5402:Launch of the Viking program
5315:Launch of the Apollo program
5310:Launch of the Gemini project
5162:Defence in a Competitive Age
5099:Start of the Ariel programme
5013:European Patent Organisation
4126:Moon is made of green cheese
3420:Permanently shadowed craters
2007:. United Nations. 2023-01-05
1640:"Simply fix the Moon Treaty"
1581:Chapter 5: O'Neills Children
1537:. Columbia, Maryland: 5124.
1228:Extraterrestrial real estate
376:After the 1967 non-armament
241:
7:
9387:Treaties of the Philippines
9372:Treaties of the Netherlands
6331:Group on Earth Observations
6314:Committee on Space Research
5758:Creation of the Space Force
5678:Kennedy Space Center speech
5321:We choose to go to the Moon
5252:Introduction to Outer Space
4972:European Broadcasting Union
2705:Self-replicating spacecraft
2541:International Space Station
1164:
10:
9443:
9422:Treaties extended to Aruba
9307:Treaties concluded in 1979
7280:Space Exploration Alliance
6509:Common heritage of mankind
6427:Space Liability Convention
6199:North Korean space program
6125:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
5589:Launch of the X-37 program
5439:Citizens' Advisory Council
4533:European Data Relay System
4504:Concurrent Design Facility
4249:Space Debris Working Group
4053:Craters named after people
3526:Transient lunar phenomenon
3174:Solar eclipses on the Moon
2219:Space Liability Convention
1816:Louis de Gouyon Matignon,
369:
365:
360:common heritage of mankind
236:People's Republic of China
9252:
9169:
9045:
9003:
8861:
8439:
8321:
8314:
8127:
8044:
7968:
7800:
7741:
7725:
7718:
7593:
7479:
7472:
7378:
7355:
7348:
7223:Space Frontier Foundation
7198:
7109:
6718:
6709:
6650:Launch market competition
6582:
6399:
6289:
6241:
6221:Ugandan space initiatives
6156:
6106:
6085:
6037:
6016:
5969:
5921:
5897:
5884:
5877:
5781:
5741:
5661:
5597:
5526:
5491:
5427:
5410:
5385:
5350:
5330:
5293:
5275:Launch of Project Mercury
5224:
5182:
5173:
5081:
5043:
4935:
4839:
4771:
4729:
4653:
4572:Ariane launcher programme
4511:European Astronaut Centre
4469:Europa launcher programme
4453:
4410:
4400:
4356:
4301:
4289:The Spaceguard Foundation
4224:
4164:
3993:
3961:
3866:
3783:
3703:
3542:
3245:
3043:
3032:
2954:
2945:
2875:
2842:
2795:
2747:
2633:
2582:Space adaptation syndrome
2569:
2474:
2394:
2385:
2273:
2107:
483:additionally released an
100:
95:
87:
77:
69:
61:
53:
45:
37:
29:
24:
9392:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
9297:Colonization of the Moon
7176:Reconnaissance satellite
6549:International Designator
6216:Philippine space program
6164:Australian space program
5816:Office of Space Commerce
5806:House Committee on Space
5718:Space Shuttle retirement
5673:2009 Augustine Committee
5508:1990 Augustine Committee
4654:Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)
4239:Space traffic management
2937:
2315:Communications satellite
1864:Timothy G. Nelson. ILSA
1807:The 1979 Moon Agreement.
493:Implementation Agreement
447:Implementation agreement
381:outer space resources.
372:Moon § Legal status
314:accidental contamination
230:(or its predecessor the
9317:United Nations treaties
7290:Space Force Association
7275:Lunar Explorers Society
6445:Registration Convention
6409:Partial Test Ban Treaty
6290:Other intergovernmental
6204:Pakistani space program
6169:Brazilian space program
5539:Faster, better, cheaper
5342:1967 Outer Space Treaty
5145:Space Industry Act 2018
4922:European Defence Agency
4578:Vega launcher programme
4521:Living Planet Programme
4244:Space debris management
4218:Politics of outer space
4074:Moon in science fiction
3579:Giant-impact hypothesis
3427:South Pole–Aitken basin
2819:reusable launch systems
2436:Extravehicular activity
2347:Commercial use of space
2251:Militarisation of space
2224:Registration Convention
2140:Accidents and incidents
1278:Politics of outer space
1187:Antarctic Treaty System
410:National considerations
354:When compared with the
129:Antarctic Treaty System
9347:Treaties of Kazakhstan
7218:National Space Society
7119:Space domain awareness
6292:or inter-agency bodies
6194:Lebanese space program
6179:Japanese space program
6120:2014 Military doctrine
6098:2010 Military doctrine
5518:National Space Council
5513:Hubble Space Telescope
5285:Launch of X-15 program
5206:Aerobee rocket program
5156:2021 Integrated Review
5018:European Patent Office
4938:initiatives and bodies
4328:Billionaire space race
4254:Space Debris Committee
4095:futuristic exploration
3618:Late Heavy Bombardment
2867:Mission control center
2829:Non-rocket spacelaunch
2263:Billionaire space race
1868:Vol: 17, No. 2. (2010)
1101:List of former parties
532:
297:
209:United Nations Charter
191:, better known as the
9412:1979 in New York City
9407:Treaties of Venezuela
9327:Treaties of Australia
7300:The Planetary Society
7129:Anti-satellite weapon
6524:ITU Radio Regulations
6174:Emirati space program
5905:Operation Osoaviakhim
5773:Executive Order 13959
5653:Operation Burnt Frost
5584:Decadal Planning Team
5066:Indian ASAT programme
5061:Space Activities Bill
4483:European Space Agency
4455:ESA Science Programme
4266:Post-detection policy
4155:Splitting of the Moon
4067:Memorials on the Moon
3671:Lunar sample displays
3353:Peak of eternal light
2717:Spacecraft propulsion
2167:European Space Agency
1173:Extraterritorialities
1123:Withdrawal effective
506:
334:extraterrestrial life
281:
9427:December 1979 events
9377:Treaties of Pakistan
9264:Soviet space program
6722:units and formations
6692:Project Harvest Moon
6439:Satellite Convention
6299:African Space Agency
6209:Space programme 2040
6189:Kenyan space program
6184:Kazakh space program
5117:Outer Space Act 1986
5105:Black Arrow launcher
4888:Copernicus programme
4861:EU/ESA Space Council
4489:EU/ESA Space Council
4380:Chinese ASAT program
2342:Satellite navigation
2060:Official Treaty Site
1735:Peace Palace Library
1442:, 16:1, 1-27, 2008.
1293:Treaty on Open Skies
1197:International waters
1120:Withdrawal notified
518: Former parties
199:, is a multilateral
149:International waters
9402:Treaties of Uruguay
9367:Treaties of Morocco
9357:Treaties of Lebanon
9337:Treaties of Belgium
9332:Treaties of Austria
8414:Guiana Space Centre
7156:Kinetic bombardment
6682:Space manufacturing
6672:Space-based economy
6645:Private spaceflight
6065:Shuttle–Mir program
5633:Aldridge Commission
5555:Shuttle–Mir program
5263:Space Act Agreement
5194:Operation Paperclip
5051:Department of Space
5044:Indian space policy
4927:Europe by Satellite
4855:EU Satellite Centre
4567:Guiana Space Centre
4311:Cold War space race
4229:Spacefaring nations
3655:Lunar laser ranging
2727:Electric propulsion
2414:Life-support system
2298:Imagery and mapping
2258:Private spaceflight
1741:on 27 February 2019
1543:2019LPICo2152.5124S
1503:Dennis C. O'Brien.
1004:List of signatories
73:17 (as of May 2024)
21:
9397:Treaties of Turkey
9362:Treaties of Mexico
9352:Treaties of Kuwait
7171:Military satellite
7009:Ranks and insignia
6504:Space jurisdiction
6451:Bogota Declaration
6415:Outer Space Treaty
5911:list of scientists
5199:list of scientists
4841:EU Space Programme
3804:Lunisolar calendar
3473:Lunar basalt 70017
3220:Tidal acceleration
3075:Perigee and apogee
2965:Internal structure
2680:Robotic spacecraft
2606:Space and survival
2461:Space colonization
2357:Space architecture
2209:Outer Space Treaty
2052:2009-06-22 at the
1818:Space Legal Issues
1812:2019-11-06 at the
1767:. 31 December 2015
1719:. 24 January 2019.
1586:2016-12-10 at the
1288:Outer Space Treaty
1238:Outer Space Treaty
1207:International zone
1192:Diplomatic mission
533:
378:Outer Space Treaty
356:Outer Space Treaty
298:
248:Outer Space Treaty
139:Outer Space Treaty
19:
9342:Treaties of Chile
9292:Cold War treaties
9279:
9278:
8999:
8998:
8310:
8309:
7714:
7713:
7596:and the Caribbean
7468:
7467:
7308:
7307:
7194:
7193:
7186:Satellite jamming
6662:Space advertising
6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6033:
6032:
5873:
5872:
5493:George H. W. Bush
4962:Council of Europe
4883:Galileo programme
4835:
4834:
4822:Comet Interceptor
4348:Space competition
4184:
4183:
4134:Natural satellite
3593:Lunar magma ocean
3369:Volcanic features
2905:
2904:
2852:Flight controller
2629:
2628:
2387:Human spaceflight
2362:Space exploration
2288:Earth observation
2032:Works related to
1611:. 9 October 2015.
1476:James R. Wilson.
1274:
1273:
1162:
1161:
1098:
1097:
1001:
1000:
530: Non-parties
524: Signatories
417:S. Neil Hosenball
220:human spaceflight
185:
184:
116:
115:
33:December 18, 1979
9434:
9382:Treaties of Peru
9262:Preceded by the
9242:
9241:
9240:
9230:
9229:
9228:
9218:
9217:
9216:
9206:
9205:
9204:
9194:
9193:
9192:
9182:
9181:
9180:
9159:
9158:
9157:
9147:
9146:
9145:
9135:
9134:
9133:
9035:
9034:
9033:
9016:
9015:
9014:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8977:
8976:
8975:
8958:
8957:
8956:
8946:
8945:
8944:
8922:
8921:
8920:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8898:
8897:
8896:
8886:
8885:
8884:
8874:
8873:
8872:
8851:
8850:
8849:
8839:
8838:
8837:
8827:
8826:
8825:
8813:
8812:
8811:
8801:
8800:
8799:
8789:
8788:
8787:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8714:
8713:
8712:
8702:
8701:
8700:
8690:
8689:
8688:
8678:
8677:
8676:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8630:
8629:
8628:
8611:
8610:
8609:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8575:
8574:
8573:
8563:
8562:
8561:
8551:
8550:
8549:
8532:
8531:
8530:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8508:
8507:
8506:
8496:
8495:
8494:
8484:
8483:
8482:
8470:
8469:
8468:
8458:
8457:
8456:
8365:
8364:
8363:
8319:
8318:
8295:
8294:
8293:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8257:
8256:
8255:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8200:
8199:
8198:
8188:
8187:
8186:
8176:
8175:
8174:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8022:
8021:
8020:
7993:
7992:
7991:
7981:
7980:
7979:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7922:
7921:
7920:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7898:
7897:
7896:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7867:
7866:
7865:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7766:
7765:
7764:
7754:
7753:
7752:
7723:
7722:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7685:
7684:
7683:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7608:
7607:
7606:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7571:
7570:
7569:
7559:
7558:
7557:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7504:
7503:
7502:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7477:
7476:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7446:
7445:
7444:
7434:
7433:
7432:
7422:
7421:
7420:
7403:
7402:
7401:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7353:
7352:
7335:
7328:
7321:
7312:
7311:
7295:Space Foundation
7285:Space Fellowship
7097:
7096:
7085:
7084:
7072:
7062:
7061:
7050:
7049:
7038:
7037:
7026:
7025:
7002:
7001:
6978:
6977:
6966:
6965:
6954:
6953:
6942:
6941:
6930:
6929:
6918:
6917:
6906:
6905:
6894:
6893:
6882:
6881:
6870:
6869:
6858:
6857:
6846:
6845:
6824:
6823:
6812:
6811:
6800:
6799:
6788:
6787:
6776:
6775:
6764:
6763:
6752:
6751:
6740:
6739:
6716:
6715:
6667:Space technology
6638:
6637:
6626:
6625:
6614:
6613:
6602:
6601:
6544:COSPAR standards
6421:Rescue Agreement
6044:
6043:
5895:
5894:
5882:
5881:
5241:Project Vanguard
5180:
5179:
4651:
4650:
4636:Aurora programme
4622:Mars and beyond
4413:
4412:
4403:
4402:
4374:Shuguang program
4343:Space propaganda
4270:Asteroid impact
4211:
4204:
4197:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4120:
4113:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3986:
3979:
3977:Meridian passage
3972:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3776:
3769:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3696:
3694:Lunar seismology
3687:
3680:
3673:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3627:Lunar meteorites
3620:
3613:
3606:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3496:Space weathering
3491:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3445:
3438:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3332:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3238:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3192:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3061:Orbital elements
3056:
3038:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2895:
2884:
2883:
2594:Space psychology
2419:Animals in space
2392:
2391:
2372:Space technology
2214:Rescue Agreement
2094:
2087:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2031:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2006:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1931:The Space Review
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1859:
1853:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1821:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1737:. Archived from
1726:
1720:
1710:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1686:The Space Review
1684:Dennis O'Brien,
1679:
1670:
1669:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1644:The Space Review
1635:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:The Space Review
1600:
1591:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1528:
1519:
1508:
1498:
1481:
1471:
1450:
1436:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1346:
1313:Rights of nature
1266:
1259:
1252:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1153:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1008:
1007:
994:
984:
982:
981:
969:
964:
956:
954:
953:
941:
931:
929:
928:
916:
911:
903:
901:
900:
888:
883:
875:
873:
872:
860:
850:
848:
847:
835:
830:
822:
820:
819:
807:
802:
794:
792:
791:
779:
769:
767:
766:
754:
744:
742:
741:
729:
719:
717:
716:
704:
694:
692:
691:
679:
674:
666:
664:
663:
651:
641:
639:
638:
624:
619:
611:
609:
608:
596:
586:
584:
583:
569:
559:
557:
556:
535:
534:
529:
523:
517:
511:
309:. (Article 11.5)
288:spectral filters
261:celestial bodies
214:It has not been
177:
170:
163:
118:
117:
105:
104:
22:
18:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9436:
9435:
9433:
9432:
9431:
9282:
9281:
9280:
9275:
9248:
9238:
9236:
9226:
9224:
9214:
9212:
9202:
9200:
9190:
9188:
9178:
9176:
9165:
9155:
9153:
9143:
9141:
9131:
9129:
9041:
9031:
9029:
9012:
9010:
8995:
8985:
8983:
8973:
8971:
8954:
8952:
8942:
8940:
8918:
8916:
8906:
8904:
8894:
8892:
8882:
8880:
8870:
8868:
8857:
8847:
8845:
8835:
8833:
8823:
8821:
8809:
8807:
8797:
8795:
8785:
8783:
8773:
8771:
8734:
8732:
8722:
8720:
8710:
8708:
8698:
8696:
8686:
8684:
8674:
8672:
8662:
8660:
8650:
8648:
8638:
8636:
8626:
8624:
8607:
8605:
8595:
8593:
8583:
8581:
8571:
8569:
8559:
8557:
8547:
8545:
8528:
8526:
8516:
8514:
8504:
8502:
8492:
8490:
8480:
8478:
8466:
8464:
8454:
8452:
8435:
8361:
8359:
8306:
8291:
8289:
8272:
8270:
8253:
8251:
8234:
8232:
8215:
8213:
8196:
8194:
8184:
8182:
8172:
8170:
8160:
8158:
8148:
8146:
8136:
8134:
8123:
8113:
8111:
8101:
8099:
8089:
8087:
8077:
8075:
8065:
8063:
8053:
8051:
8040:
8030:
8028:
8018:
8016:
7989:
7987:
7977:
7975:
7964:
7954:
7952:
7942:
7940:
7918:
7916:
7906:
7904:
7894:
7892:
7882:
7880:
7863:
7861:
7809:
7807:
7796:
7786:
7784:
7762:
7760:
7750:
7748:
7737:
7710:
7693:
7691:
7681:
7679:
7652:
7650:
7640:
7638:
7628:
7626:
7616:
7614:
7604:
7602:
7595:
7589:
7579:
7577:
7567:
7565:
7555:
7553:
7543:
7541:
7531:
7529:
7512:
7510:
7500:
7498:
7488:
7486:
7464:
7454:
7452:
7442:
7440:
7430:
7428:
7418:
7416:
7399:
7397:
7387:
7385:
7374:
7357:
7344:
7339:
7309:
7304:
7190:
7166:Missile defense
7105:
7091:
7079:
7056:
7044:
7032:
7020:
6996:
6972:
6960:
6948:
6936:
6924:
6912:
6900:
6888:
6876:
6864:
6852:
6840:
6818:
6806:
6794:
6782:
6770:
6758:
6746:
6734:
6721:
6705:
6699:Asteroid mining
6687:Lunar resources
6632:
6620:
6608:
6596:
6578:
6571:ISECG standards
6534:ODCWG standards
6529:CCSDS standards
6498:Artemis Accords
6395:
6291:
6285:
6237:
6144:
6102:
6081:
6029:
6012:
5965:
5960:Voskhod program
5929:Sputnik program
5917:
5889:
5887:
5878:USSR and Russia
5869:
5777:
5744:
5737:
5664:
5657:
5600:
5593:
5529:
5522:
5494:
5487:
5430:
5423:
5413:
5406:
5388:
5381:
5353:
5346:
5333:
5326:
5296:
5289:
5227:
5220:
5185:
5175:US space policy
5169:
5085:space programme
5084:
5077:
5039:
4937:
4931:
4898:EUSST programme
4893:EGNOS programme
4831:
4767:
4756:LISA Pathfinder
4725:
4667:Cassini–Huygens
4649:
4560:ESTRACK network
4449:
4432:Mars and beyond
4359:
4352:
4297:
4220:
4215:
4185:
4180:
4168:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4042:
4037:Man in the Moon
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3962:Daily phenomena
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3910:Super and micro
3908:
3901:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3785:
3779:
3774:Lunar resources
3772:
3765:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3699:
3692:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3660:
3653:
3648:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3441:
3434:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3351:
3344:
3335:
3328:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3247:
3241:
3234:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3105:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3039:
3030:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2941:
2936:
2906:
2901:
2871:
2838:
2810:Escape velocity
2791:
2743:
2710:Space telescope
2663:Reentry capsule
2625:
2565:
2470:
2441:Overview effect
2424:Bioastronautics
2381:
2269:
2103:
2098:
2054:Wayback Machine
2025:
2020:
2019:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1872:
1860:
1856:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1824:
1820:. 17 July 2019.
1814:Wayback Machine
1805:
1801:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1768:
1765:www.regblog.org
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1727:
1723:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1680:
1673:
1655:
1651:
1636:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1601:
1594:
1588:Wayback Machine
1579:
1575:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1499:
1484:
1472:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1326:
1321:
1303:Artemis Accords
1270:
1167:
1130:
1128:
1103:
1081:
1079:
1061:
1059:
1041:
1039:
1021:
1019:
1006:
979:
977:
951:
949:
926:
924:
898:
896:
870:
868:
845:
843:
817:
815:
789:
787:
764:
762:
739:
737:
714:
712:
689:
687:
661:
659:
636:
634:
606:
604:
581:
579:
554:
552:
531:
527:
525:
521:
519:
515:
513:
509:
501:
499:List of parties
485:executive order
477:Artemis Accords
461:
449:
412:
395:
374:
368:
336:. (Article 5.3)
257:
244:
181:
102:
57:5 ratifications
17:
12:
11:
5:
9440:
9430:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9302:Space treaties
9299:
9294:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9273:
9266:
9260:
9253:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9234:
9222:
9210:
9198:
9186:
9173:
9171:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9163:
9151:
9139:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9060:
9055:
9049:
9047:
9043:
9042:
9040:
9039:
9027:
9026:
9025:
9007:
9005:
9001:
9000:
8997:
8996:
8994:
8993:
8981:
8969:
8968:
8967:
8950:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8931:
8914:
8902:
8890:
8878:
8865:
8863:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8855:
8843:
8831:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8793:
8781:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8730:
8718:
8706:
8694:
8682:
8670:
8658:
8646:
8634:
8622:
8621:
8620:
8603:
8591:
8579:
8567:
8555:
8543:
8542:
8541:
8524:
8512:
8500:
8488:
8476:
8475:
8474:
8449:
8447:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8335:
8325:
8323:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8249:
8248:
8247:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8192:
8180:
8168:
8156:
8144:
8131:
8129:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8121:
8109:
8097:
8085:
8073:
8061:
8048:
8046:
8045:Southeast Asia
8042:
8041:
8039:
8038:
8026:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7985:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7962:
7950:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7914:
7902:
7890:
7878:
7877:
7876:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7822:
7804:
7802:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7775:
7758:
7745:
7743:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7720:
7716:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7689:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7648:
7636:
7624:
7612:
7599:
7597:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7587:
7575:
7563:
7551:
7539:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7508:
7496:
7483:
7481:
7474:
7470:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7462:
7450:
7438:
7426:
7414:
7413:
7412:
7395:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7361:
7359:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7338:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7315:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7200:Space advocacy
7196:
7195:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7126:
7121:
7115:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7089:
7087:United Kingdom
7077:
7066:
7054:
7042:
7030:
7016:Space commands
7013:
7012:
7011:
7006:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6970:
6968:United Kingdom
6958:
6946:
6934:
6922:
6910:
6898:
6886:
6874:
6862:
6850:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6831:
6816:
6804:
6792:
6780:
6768:
6756:
6744:
6726:
6724:
6713:
6711:Militarisation
6707:
6706:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6684:
6679:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6630:
6628:United Kingdom
6618:
6606:
6592:Space industry
6588:
6586:
6584:Commercial use
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6554:IPDA standards
6551:
6541:
6539:CEOS standards
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6495:
6489:
6483:
6478:
6472:
6466:
6460:
6454:
6448:
6442:
6436:
6430:
6424:
6418:
6412:
6405:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6256:
6251:
6245:
6243:
6242:United Nations
6239:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6160:
6158:
6157:Other policies
6154:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6133:MARS-500 study
6127:
6122:
6117:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6056:
6050:
6048:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5989:Salyut program
5986:
5980:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5957:
5951:
5945:
5942:Vostok program
5939:
5938:
5937:
5934:Sputnik crisis
5925:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5901:
5899:
5892:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5808:
5803:
5801:Budget of NASA
5798:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5749:
5747:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5733:2015 Space Act
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5669:
5667:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5619:Space Shuttle
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5599:George W. Bush
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5579:1998 Space Act
5576:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5557:
5547:
5542:
5534:
5532:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5499:
5497:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5469:Space Shuttle
5466:
5461:
5459:1984 Space Act
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5393:
5391:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5255:
5248:
5246:Sputnik crisis
5243:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5190:
5188:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5153:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5089:
5087:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5071:Mission Shakti
5063:
5058:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4988:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4941:
4939:
4936:Other European
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4874:
4871:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4845:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4704:
4697:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4631:MARS-500 study
4628:
4620:
4618:ESA Television
4615:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4601:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4496:
4491:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4443:MARS-500 study
4440:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4406:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4377:
4371:
4364:
4362:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4316:Sputnik crisis
4307:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4276:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4191:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4040:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3883:
3875:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3857:Lunar distance
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3807:
3800:
3797:Lunar calendar
3792:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3724:
3721:Apollo program
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3503:Micrometeorite
3492:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:Changesite-(Y)
3476:
3462:
3459:Wrinkle ridges
3455:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3365:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3308:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3133:
3126:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3057:
3054:Lunar distance
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3012:
3005:
3002:Magnetic field
2998:
2997:
2996:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2888:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Ground station
2854:
2848:
2846:
2844:Ground segment
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2777:Interplanetary
2774:
2773:
2772:
2770:Geosynchronous
2767:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2737:Gravity assist
2734:
2729:
2724:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2668:Service module
2665:
2660:
2658:Orbital module
2650:
2645:
2643:Launch vehicle
2639:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2621:Space sexology
2618:
2613:
2611:Space medicine
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2446:Weightlessness
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2398:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2367:Space research
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2303:Reconnaissance
2300:
2295:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:European Union
2169:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2044:
2036:at Wikisource
2024:
2023:External links
2021:
2018:
2017:
1993:
1969:
1944:
1933:. Jun 29, 2020
1918:
1892:
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1354:United Nations
1323:
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197:Moon Agreement
183:
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146:
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136:
134:Law of the Sea
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9272:participation
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9075:Cospas-Sarsat
9073:
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9059:
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9050:
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7659:
7649:
7647:
7637:
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7625:
7623:
7613:
7611:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7594:Latin America
7592:
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7564:
7562:
7552:
7550:
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7528:
7524:
7521:
7520:
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7509:
7507:
7497:
7495:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7480:North America
7478:
7475:
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7451:
7449:
7439:
7437:
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7411:
7408:
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7197:
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7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
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7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7149:United States
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7111:Space warfare
7108:
7100:
7099:United States
7095:
7090:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7076:
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7067:
7065:
7060:
7055:
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7048:
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7024:
7019:
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7010:
7007:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
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6980:United States
6976:
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6856:
6851:
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6817:
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6810:
6805:
6803:
6798:
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6779:
6774:
6769:
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6762:
6757:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6720:Space forces,
6717:
6714:
6712:
6708:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6657:Space tourism
6655:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6640:United States
6636:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6566:GEO standards
6564:
6562:
6561:GSC standards
6559:
6555:
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6547:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6540:
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6532:
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6507:
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6502:
6499:
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6410:
6407:
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6389:
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6364:
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6307:
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6300:
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6257:
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6232:
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6222:
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6210:
6207:
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6155:
6139:
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6128:
6126:
6123:
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6118:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6070:ISS programme
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6036:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6001:Buran program
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5977:Soyuz program
5975:
5974:
5972:
5968:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5935:
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5909:
5908:
5906:
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5902:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
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5836:
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5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5774:
5771:
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5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:2014 NASA Act
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5708:2010 NASA Act
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5698:Flexible path
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5643:2005 NASA Act
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5560:ISS programme
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5548:
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5541:
5540:
5536:
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5525:
5519:
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5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5478:Rogers Report
5476:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
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5450:
5447:
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5360:
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5311:
5308:
5306:
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5302:
5300:
5298:
5292:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5258:1958 NASA Act
5256:
5254:
5253:
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5234:
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5019:
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5001:
4997:
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4992:
4989:
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4908:
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4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
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4881:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4782:Solar Orbiter
4780:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:Cosmic Vision
4770:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4737:ISS programme
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4419:Space station
4417:
4415:
4407:
4405:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4360:space program
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4207:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4141:Double planet
4138:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:Moon illusion
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:Lunar deities
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3850:Lunar station
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3784:Time-telling
3782:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3237:
3236:Lunar station
3233:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:Tidal locking
3210:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3181:Eclipse cycle
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3167:Solar eclipse
3164:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:Lunar eclipse
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:Gravity field
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:Direct ascent
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2787:Intergalactic
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Rocket engine
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:Space capsule
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Space nursing
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:Health issues
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Space Shuttle
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Space tourism
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2377:Space weather
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Space command
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:Space warfare
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:United States
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Astrodynamics
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2003:
1997:
1979:
1973:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1907:. Jun 2, 2021
1906:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:Astropolitics
1435:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1091:
1089:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
996:
991:
989:
987:
976:
975:
972:Ratification
971:
966:
961:
959:
948:
947:
943:
938:
936:
934:
923:
922:
919:Ratification
918:
913:
908:
906:
895:
894:
891:Ratification
890:
885:
880:
878:
867:
866:
862:
857:
855:
853:
842:
841:
838:Ratification
837:
832:
827:
825:
814:
813:
810:Ratification
809:
804:
799:
797:
786:
785:
781:
776:
774:
772:
761:
760:
756:
751:
749:
747:
736:
735:
731:
726:
724:
722:
711:
710:
706:
701:
699:
697:
686:
685:
682:Ratification
681:
676:
671:
669:
658:
657:
653:
648:
646:
644:
633:
632:
629:
626:
621:
616:
614:
603:
602:
598:
593:
591:
589:
578:
577:
574:
571:
566:
564:
562:
551:
550:
546:
543:
540:
537:
536:
512: Parties
505:
496:
494:
489:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
465:
456:
452:
444:
440:
438:
432:
430:
425:
423:
418:
407:
405:
400:
390:
388:
382:
379:
373:
363:
361:
357:
348:
345:
342:
338:
335:
331:
328:
324:
321:
318:
315:
311:
308:
304:
300:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
280:
276:
272:
270:
266:
262:
252:
249:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:United States
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
178:
173:
171:
166:
164:
159:
158:
156:
155:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
125:
124:
120:
119:
112:
108:
99:
94:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:July 11, 1984
48:
44:
41:New York, USA
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
9268:Preceded by
9120:Intersputnik
8965:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8426:EUTELSAT IGO
8322:Pan-European
8283:TÜBİTAK UZAY
7742:Central Asia
7358:and pan-Arab
7233:Moon Society
7228:Mars Society
7161:Kill vehicle
7124:Space weapon
6730:Space forces
6456:
6371:Intersputnik
6007:Apollo–Soyuz
5745:space policy
5665:space policy
5620:
5601:space policy
5537:
5530:space policy
5495:space policy
5470:
5431:space policy
5414:space policy
5397:Apollo–Soyuz
5389:space policy
5362:Moon landing
5354:space policy
5334:space policy
5297:space policy
5250:
5228:space policy
5186:space policy
5160:
5122:Project Juno
4760:
4748:
4718:
4711:
4699:
4693:
4672:
4665:
4465:(1960–1975)
4234:Space policy
4117:
4009:Lunar effect
3825:Nodal period
3751:Colonization
3565:Lunar theory
3258:Selenography
3098:Nodal period
2797:Space launch
2782:Interstellar
2748:Destinations
2517:Apollo–Soyuz
2466:Space diving
2451:Space toilet
2275:Applications
2228:
2192:Soviet Union
2152:Space policy
2147:Space launch
2026:
2009:. Retrieved
1996:
1985:. Retrieved
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1930:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1904:
1895:
1884:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1850:Moon Estates
1849:
1842:
1817:
1802:
1794:The Guardian
1793:
1769:. Retrieved
1764:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1739:the original
1734:
1724:
1716:
1693:
1685:
1666:
1663:Space Review
1662:
1652:
1643:
1622:
1617:
1608:
1576:
1551:
1534:
1530:
1504:
1477:
1439:
1434:
1424:
1420:
1388:. Retrieved
1357:. Retrieved
1232:
1137:Saudi Arabia
628:Ratification
492:
490:
481:Donald Trump
475:In 2020 the
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:Legal status
453:
450:
441:
433:
426:
413:
396:
393:Ratification
383:
375:
353:
292:
284:artificially
273:
267:, including
265:Solar System
258:
245:
232:Soviet Union
213:
205:jurisdiction
196:
192:
188:
186:
143:
9270:Interkosmos
9244:Interkosmos
8350:Eurocontrol
8000:Antrix Corp
7356:Pan-African
6896:North Korea
6884:New Zealand
6872:Netherlands
6677:Space trade
6457:Moon Treaty
6116:(2013–2015)
6026:(1986–2001)
6003:(1974–1993)
5997:(1973–1977)
5991:(1971–1986)
5985:(1967–1991)
5983:Interkosmos
5962:(1964–1966)
5956:(1961–1976)
5950:(1960–1982)
5944:(1960–1963)
5483:Ride Report
5280:Missile gap
5152:(2018–2020)
5130:(2009–2010)
5107:(1964–1971)
4957:Eurocontrol
4851:(1992–2002)
4775:(2015–2025)
4762:BepiColombo
4609:Space Rider
4540:(1983–2010)
4479:(1964–1975)
4471:(1962–1973)
4393:Project 921
4376:(1966–1972)
4370:(1966–1976)
4303:Space races
4118:Moon Treaty
4102:Hollow Moon
4044:Moon rabbit
4016:Earth phase
3818:Lunar month
3705:Exploration
3649:Experiments
3551:Observation
3413:Ray systems
3278:Hemispheres
3246:Surface and
3227:Tidal range
3206:Tidal force
3009:Sodium tail
2993:Hill sphere
2755:Sub-orbital
2690:Space probe
2556:New Shepard
2534:Shuttle–Mir
2293:Archaeology
2246:Space force
2229:Moon Treaty
2101:Spaceflight
2047:Treaty Text
2034:Moon Treaty
1745:26 February
1505:Pace Review
1233:Moon Treaty
1144:18 Jul 2012
1093:17 Apr 1980
1073:18 Jan 1982
1053:20 Nov 1980
1033:29 Jan 1980
940:29 Feb 2012
915:26 May 1981
910:23 Apr 1980
905:Philippines
887:23 Nov 2005
882:23 Jun 1981
859:27 Feb 1986
834:17 Feb 1983
829:27 Jan 1981
824:Netherlands
806:21 Jan 1993
801:25 Jul 1980
778:11 Oct 1991
753:12 Apr 2006
728:28 Apr 2014
703:11 Jan 2001
678:12 Nov 1981
650:29 Jun 2004
623:11 Jun 1984
618:21 May 1980
568:19 Jan 2018
422:L-5 Society
263:within the
203:that turns
193:Moon Treaty
144:Moon Treaty
107:Moon Treaty
62:Signatories
20:Moon Treaty
9286:Categories
9256:See also:
7969:South Asia
7573:USSPACECOM
7181:Spaceplane
5922:Khrushchev
5471:Challenger
5226:Eisenhower
4687:Cluster II
4284:Spaceguard
4274:Prediction
4088:Apollo era
4030:Pareidolia
3788:navigation
3510:Sputtering
3390:Lava tubes
3312:South pole
3305:North pole
3265:Terminator
3107:Precession
3023:Earthshine
2979:Atmosphere
2972:Topography
2957:properties
2824:Launch pad
2815:Expendable
2765:Geocentric
2732:Solar sail
2675:Spaceplane
2635:Spacecraft
2429:Space suit
2407:commercial
2335:Television
2130:Space Race
2011:2023-01-06
1987:2012-04-03
1771:2016-03-28
1390:2013-05-16
1359:2014-12-05
1319:References
1157:5 Jan 2024
1152:5 Jan 2023
1148:Accession
1114:Deposited
997:Accession
993:3 Nov 2016
968:9 Nov 1981
963:1 Jun 1981
944:Accession
863:Accession
782:Accession
757:Accession
732:Accession
707:Accession
696:Kazakhstan
673:3 Jan 1980
654:Accession
599:Accession
595:7 Jul 1986
544:Deposited
404:L5 Society
370:See also:
255:Provisions
234:), or the
222:(e.g. the
111:Wikisource
78:Depositary
8924:Roscosmos
8912:KazCosmos
8876:ArmCosmos
8577:DTU Space
8539:BIRA-IASB
8486:EU SatCen
8245:KACST-SRI
8142:ArmCosmos
8128:West Asia
7801:East Asia
7768:Roscosmos
7756:KazCosmos
7726:Pan-Asian
6990:Structure
6742:Australia
6401:Space law
6264:UN-SPIDER
6039:Roscosmos
6017:Gorbachev
4950:Eurospace
4386:2007 test
4333:Mars race
4279:Avoidance
3836:Fortnight
3728:Explorers
3685:Apollo 17
3678:Apollo 11
3641:Volcanism
3611:Timescale
3558:Libration
3346:Mountains
3284:Near side
3190:Supermoon
3130:Full moon
3084:Libration
3016:Moonlight
2834:Spaceport
2685:Satellite
2402:Astronaut
2330:Telephone
2283:Astronomy
2204:Space law
2157:Australia
1283:Space law
1048:Guatemala
986:Venezuela
588:Australia
573:Accession
399:ratifying
293:Galileo's
242:Objective
96:Full text
88:Languages
54:Condition
46:Effective
9149:UNCOPUOS
8460:DG DEFIS
8421:EUMETSAT
7473:Americas
7379:National
6944:Thailand
6908:Pakistan
6790:Colombia
6086:Medvedev
6075:Politics
6061:(1993–)
5970:Brezhnev
5713:Title 51
5623:disaster
5621:Columbia
5565:Politics
5473:disaster
4879:(2021–)
4797:EnVision
4742:Politics
4713:Herschel
4707:INTEGRAL
4485:(1975–)
4411:Tiangong
4401:Shenzhou
4395:(1992–)
4382:(1964–)
4321:Timeline
4175:Category
3970:Moonrise
3903:Crescent
3843:Sennight
3758:Moonbase
3714:Missions
3383:Calderas
3291:Far side
3249:features
3137:Eclipses
3123:New moon
3068:Distance
2955:Physical
2886:Category
2551:Tiangong
2546:Shenzhou
2475:Programs
2320:Internet
2125:Timeline
2050:Archived
1810:Archived
1584:Archived
1165:See also
852:Pakistan
216:ratified
38:Location
9110:ISS MCB
9004:Oceania
8779:PTSPACE
8745:CBK PAN
8407:ESTRACK
8333:CENELEC
8036:SUPARCO
7983:SPARRSO
7820:SASTIND
7537:FAA/AST
7370:Arabsat
7004:Vietnam
6985:History
6814:Germany
6138:ExoMars
6047:Yeltsin
5979:(1967–)
5907:(1946)
5890:program
5828:FAA/AST
5528:Clinton
5332:Johnson
5295:Kennedy
5236:WS-117L
5083:British
4857:(2002–)
4701:Rosetta
4682:Cluster
4674:Huygens
4641:ExoMars
4580:(1998–)
4574:(1973–)
4546:(2005–)
4439:(2016–)
4428:(2003–)
4414:program
4404:program
4358:Chinese
4338:Records
3994:Related
3984:Moonset
3767:Tourism
3744:Landing
3604:Geology
3543:Science
3399:Craters
3362:Valleys
2948:Outline
2760:Orbital
2561:Artemis
2492:Voskhod
2487:Mercury
2395:General
2135:Records
2120:History
2108:General
1539:Bibcode
1117:Method
1111:Signed
1088:Romania
1014:Signed
958:Uruguay
796:Morocco
746:Lebanon
643:Belgium
613:Austria
561:Armenia
547:Method
541:Signed
366:History
70:Parties
9170:Former
9161:UNOOSA
9063:COSPAR
8534:BELSPO
8315:Europe
8107:GISTDA
8083:PhilSA
7948:SaTReC
7850:PLAASF
7518:NESDIS
7448:NASRDA
7365:RASCOM
7349:Africa
7144:Russia
7073:
7028:France
6956:Turkey
6920:Russia
6848:Israel
6802:France
6766:Canada
6754:Brazil
6616:Russia
6500:(2020)
6494:(2012)
6488:(1999)
6477:(1998)
6471:(1988)
6465:(1981)
6459:(1979)
6453:(1976)
6447:(1975)
6441:(1974)
6435:(1972)
6429:(1972)
6423:(1968)
6417:(1967)
6411:(1963)
6009:(1975)
5936:(1957)
5898:Stalin
5886:Soviet
5811:NESDIS
5429:Reagan
5412:Carter
5377:Skylab
5184:Truman
5136:(2010)
5124:(1991)
5113:(1985)
5101:(1962)
5095:(1958)
4812:ATHENA
4802:CHEOPS
4787:Euclid
4720:Planck
4694:Newton
3952:Tetrad
3868:Phases
3737:Probes
3572:Origin
3519:Quakes
3452:Rilles
3443:swirls
3158:Tetrad
3116:Syzygy
2897:Portal
2890:
2879:
2695:Lander
2648:Rocket
2512:Skylab
2507:Apollo
2497:Gemini
2482:Vostok
2187:Russia
1962:Feb 1,
1937:Feb 1,
1911:Feb 1,
1134:
1108:State
1085:
1065:
1045:
1028:France
1025:
1011:State
983:
955:
933:Turkey
930:
902:
874:
849:
821:
793:
771:Mexico
768:
743:
721:Kuwait
718:
693:
665:
640:
610:
585:
558:
538:State
528:
522:
516:
510:
269:orbits
228:Russia
201:treaty
30:Signed
9220:NASDA
9137:ITU-R
9125:ODCWG
9105:ISECG
9095:ICSMD
9053:CCSDS
9046:World
9023:CSIRO
8862:Other
8755:KRRiT
8740:POLSA
8510:BEREC
8472:EUSPA
8392:ECSAT
8387:ESRIN
8377:ESTEC
8301:MBRSC
8297:UAESA
8190:NEHSA
8178:IRIAF
8059:LAPAN
7855:CASIC
7844:CGWIC
7733:APSCO
7634:CONAE
7460:SANSA
7436:GSSTC
7424:ESSTI
7410:NARSS
7139:India
7134:China
7075:NORAD
7052:Italy
7040:India
6932:Spain
6860:Japan
6825:Iran
6778:China
6604:India
6254:ITU-R
6129:Mars
6107:Putin
5995:Almaz
5888:space
5743:Trump
5663:Obama
5352:Nixon
4827:SMILE
4807:JUICE
4792:ARIEL
4604:PRIDE
3931:Black
3917:Blood
3894:Names
3872:names
3811:Month
3662:ALSEP
3634:KREEP
3586:Theia
3489:Water
3466:Rocks
3376:Domes
3330:Maria
3299:Poles
3091:Nodes
3045:Orbit
2700:Rover
2502:Soyuz
2325:Radio
2182:Japan
2177:India
2162:China
2005:(PDF)
1981:(PDF)
1527:(PDF)
1220:Space
1179:Earth
1068:India
668:Chile
9322:Moon
9196:KCST
9184:BNSC
9115:ITSO
9100:IMSO
9090:IADC
9068:IPDA
9058:CEOS
9037:NZSA
8991:UKSA
8979:SSAU
8934:VVKO
8888:MAKA
8853:SNSA
8803:INTA
8791:ROSA
8728:NOSA
8704:SRON
8601:CNES
8553:SRTI
8498:EASA
8443:and
8402:ESOC
8397:ESAC
8372:ECSS
8355:ECAC
8343:ETSI
8338:CEPT
8264:GORS
8226:NCSR
8207:ISRC
8166:NSSA
8154:MAKA
8119:VNSC
8095:SSTL
8071:MYSA
8010:NRSC
7995:ISRO
7960:TASA
7934:KASI
7929:KARI
7924:KASA
7912:NATA
7900:NICT
7874:ISAS
7869:JAXA
7835:CAST
7830:CALT
7825:CASC
7815:CNSA
7792:TNSA
7719:Asia
7704:IVIC
7699:ABAE
7668:INPE
7663:DCTA
7610:ALCE
7561:USSF
7506:NASA
7405:EgSA
7393:ASAL
7064:NATO
6834:IRGC
5838:IEEE
5638:ESAS
5387:Ford
5211:RAND
4817:LISA
4750:Gaia
4692:XMM-
4661:SOHO
4081:list
3938:Dark
3924:Blue
3887:Full
3786:and
3436:Soil
3406:List
3337:List
3319:Face
3272:Limb
3199:Tide
2939:Moon
2862:Pass
2817:and
1964:2022
1939:2022
1913:2022
1747:2019
1535:2152
877:Peru
326:6.2)
302:3.4)
187:The
9232:SSP
9208:NAL
9085:GSC
9080:GEO
9018:ASA
8960:TUA
8948:SSO
8929:SRI
8900:BSA
8841:AEE
8829:EAE
8815:AEC
8765:ULC
8760:ORO
8750:UKE
8716:NSO
8692:LSO
8680:LSA
8668:ASI
8656:HSO
8644:HSA
8632:DLR
8618:CdE
8613:AAE
8589:ESO
8565:CSO
8522:ALR
8445:EEA
8431:ESO
8382:EAC
8367:ESA
8329:CEN
8278:TUA
8259:SSA
8240:SSA
8221:ISA
8202:ISA
8024:DSA
8005:DoS
7888:JSS
7840:CCF
7773:SRI
7687:CCE
7673:ITA
7658:AEB
7646:ABE
7622:AEM
7585:NRO
7549:FCC
7523:OSC
7494:CSA
6829:AJA
6059:ISS
6024:Mir
5833:NRO
5823:FCC
5550:ISS
3945:Wet
3880:New
3870:and
2529:Mir
1444:doi
350:20)
340:14)
290:by
282:An
195:or
109:at
9288::
8441:EU
7778:VK
2062:—
1955:.
1929:.
1903:.
1825:^
1792:.
1780:^
1763:.
1733:.
1705:^
1674:^
1665:.
1661:.
1642:.
1630:^
1607:.
1595:^
1561:^
1533:.
1529:.
1512:^
1485:^
1454:^
1399:^
1383:.
1368:^
1352:.
1327:^
439:.
389:.
226:,
211:.
65:11
8331:/
8303:)
8299:(
7334:e
7327:t
7320:v
5323:"
5319:"
4984:/
4210:e
4203:t
4196:v
4128:"
4124:"
2931:e
2924:t
2917:v
2093:e
2086:t
2079:v
2014:.
1990:.
1966:.
1941:.
1915:.
1796:.
1774:.
1749:.
1646:.
1545:.
1541::
1446::
1393:.
1362:.
1265:e
1258:t
1251:v
176:e
169:t
162:v
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