Military science - Knowledge

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politics by other means") and Sun Tzu ("If not in the interest of the state, do not act" ). The contemporary multi and interdisciplinary field traces its origin to World War II and works by sociologists and political scientists. This field of study includes "all aspects of relations between armed forces, as a political, social and economic institution, and the society, state or political ethnic movement of which they are a part". Topics often included within the purview of military and society include: veterans, women in the military, military families, enlistment and retention, reserve forces, military and religion, military privatization,

32: 2237: 2912:, and family dysfunction. Society recognizes its responsibilities to veterans by offering programs and policies designed to redress these problems. Veterans also exert an influence on society often through the political process. For example, how do veterans vote and establish party affiliation? During the 2004 presidential election veterans were basically bipartisan. Veterans who fought in Croatia's war of independence voted for the nationalist parties in greater numbers. 6691: 6702: 2893:

and drawn a day's pay is termed a veteran." The study of veterans focuses much attention on their, sometimes, uneasy transition back to civilian society. "Veterans must navigate a complex cultural transition when moving between environments," and they can expect positive and negative transition outcomes. Finding a good job and reestablishing a fulfilling family life is high on their resettlement agenda.

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of emergency for example during the Cuban missile crisis. Subsequently, the strategic and budget situation changed and as a result the active duty military began to rely on reserve force, particularly for combat support and combat service support. Further large-scale military operation, routinely mobilize and deploy reservists

2628:. As such, it directs the planning and execution of battles, operations, and wars as a whole. Two major systems prevail on the planet today. Broadly speaking, these may be described as the "Western" system, and the "Russian" system. Each system reflects and supports strengths and weakness in the underlying society. 2655:

countries) relies heavily on masses of machinery and troops, a highly educated (albeit very small) officer corps, and pre-planned missions. Its advantages are that it does not require well educated troops, does not require a large logistic train, is under tight central control, and does not rely on a

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Military strategy is in many ways the centerpiece of military science. It studies the specifics of planning for, and engaging in combat, and attempts to reduce the many factors to a set of principles that govern all interactions of the field of battle. In Europe these principles were first defined by

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and suggested detailed analysis of this. This set in motion the eventual fascination of the military organisations with application of quantitative and qualitative research to their theories of combat; the attempt to translate military thinking as philosophic concepts into concrete methods of combat.

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Recently the role of the reserves has changed. In many countries it has gone from a strategic force, largely static, to an operational force, largely dynamic. After WWII, relatively large standing forces took care of most operational needs. Reserves were held back strategically and deployed in times

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are service members who serve the armed forces on a part-time basis. These men and women constitute a "reserve" force that countries rely on for their defense, disaster support, and some day-to-day operations etc. In the United States an active reservist spends a weekend a month and two weeks a year

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Via the study of history, the military seeks to avoid past mistakes, and improve upon its current performance by instilling an ability in commanders to perceive historical parallels during battle, so as to capitalize on the lessons learned. The main areas military history includes are the history of

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from a wide range of sources. To provide that informed analysis the commanders information requirements are identified and input to a process of gathering, analysis, protection, and dissemination of information about the operational environment, hostile, friendly and neutral forces and the civilian

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The definition of veteran is surprisingly fluid across countries. In the US, veteran's status is established after a service member has completed a minimum period of service. Australia requires deployment to a combat zone. In the UK "Everyone who has performed military service for at least one day

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The study of veterans or members of the military who leave and return to the society is one of the most important subfields of the military and society field of study. Veterans and their issues represent a microcosm of the field. Military recruits represent inputs that flow from the community into

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This speciality examines the ways that military and society interact and shape each other. The dynamic intersection where military and society meet is influenced by trends in society and the security environment. This field of study can be linked to works by Clausewitz ("War is the continuation of

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Military technology is not just the study of various technologies and applicable physical sciences used to increase military power. It may also extend to the study of production methods of military equipment, and ways to improve performance and reduce material and/or technological requirements for

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Western military doctrine relies heavily on technology, the use of a well-trained and empowered NCO cadre, and superior information processing and dissemination to provide a level of battlefield awareness that opponents cannot match. Its advantages are extreme flexibility, extreme lethality, and a

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In an all-volunteer military, the armed forces relies on market forces and careful recruiting to fill its ranks. It is thus, very important to understand factors that motivate enlistment and reenlistment. Service members must have the mental and physical ability to meet the challenges of military

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Military technology is unique only in its application, not in its use of basic scientific and technological achievements. Because of the uniqueness of use, military technological studies strive to incorporate evolutionary, as well as the rare revolutionary technologies, into their proper place of

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Force structuring also provides information on the mission and capabilities of specific units, as well as the unit's current status in terms of posture and readiness. A general TOE is applicable to a type of unit (for instance, infantry) rather than a specific unit (the 3rd Infantry Division). In

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Even until the Second World War, military science was written in English starting with capital letters, and was thought of as an academic discipline alongside physics, philosophy and the medical sciences. In part this was due to the general mystique that accompanied education in a world where, as

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There are many international associations with the core purpose of bringing scholars in the field of Military Science together. Some are inter-disciplinary and have a broad scope, whilst others are confined and specialized focusing on more specific disciplines or subjects. Some are integrated in

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of the People's Liberation Army were loosely based on those of the Soviet Union until the 1980s when a significant shift begun to be seen in a more regionally-aware, and geographically-specific strategic, operational and tactical thinking in all services. The PLA is currently influenced by three

2443:, too, had changed. Morale, despite strict disciplinarian attitudes, had cracked in all armies during the war, but the best-performing troops were found to be those where emphasis on discipline had been replaced with display of personal initiative and group cohesiveness such as that found in the 2549:

and practices involved in training soldiers, NCOs (non-commissioned officers, i.e. sergeants and corporals), and officers. It also extends this to training small and large units, both individually and in concert with one another for both the regular and reserve organizations. Military training,

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Develops optimal methods for the administration and organization of military units, as well as the military as a whole. In addition, this area studies other associated aspects as mobilization/demobilization, and military government for areas recently conquered (or liberated) from enemy control.

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who live "betwixt and between the civilian and military worlds". This metaphor captures "their structural duality" and suggests dynamic nature of reservist experience as they navigate commitments to their often conflicting civilian and military worlds. Given their greater likelihood of lengthy

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The art and science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of military forces. In its most comprehensive sense, it is those aspects or military operations that deal with the design, development, acquisition, storage, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of

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Military geography encompasses much more than simple protestations to take the high ground. Military geography studies the obvious, the geography of theatres of war, but also the additional characteristics of politics, economics, and other natural features of locations of likely conflict (the

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The breakthrough of sorts made by Clausewitz in suggesting eight principles on which such methods can be based, in Europe, for the first time presented an opportunity to largely remove the element of chance and error from command decision making process. At this time emphasis was made on the

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Force structure development is guided by doctrinal considerations of strategic, operational and tactical deployment and employment of formations and units to territories, areas and zones where they are expected to perform their missions and tasks. Force structuring applies to all

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sophisticated C3I system after the initiation of a course of action. Its disadvantages are inflexibility, a reliance on the shock effect of mass (with a resulting high cost in lives and material), and overall inability to exploit unexpected success or respond to unexpected loss.

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The differences in the specifics of military art notwithstanding, military science strives to provide an integrated picture of the chaos of battle, and illuminate basic insights that apply to all combatants, not just those who agree with your formulation of the principles.

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Force structuring is the method by which personnel and the weapons and equipment they use are organized and trained for military operations, including combat. Development of force structure in any country is based on strategic, operational, and tactical needs of the

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doctrinal schools which both conflict and complement each other: the People's war, the Regional war, and the Revolution in military affairs that led to substantial increase in the defense spending and rate of technological modernisation of the forces.

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the armed forces, veterans are outputs that leave the military and reenter society changed by their time as soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen. Both society and veteran face multiple layers of adaptation and adjustment upon their reentry.

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Currently military science still means many things to different organisations. In the United Kingdom and much of the European Union the approach is to relate it closely to the civilian application and understanding. For example, in Belgium's

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late as the 1880s, 75% of the European population was illiterate. The ability by the officers to make complex calculations required for the equally complex "evolutions" of the troop movements in linear warfare that increasingly dominated the

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Most militaries maintain a military intelligence capability to provide analytical and information collection personnel in both specialist units and from other arms and services. Personnel selected for intelligence duties, whether specialist

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Modern Western military art is composed primarily of an amalgam of French, German, British, and American systems. The Russian system borrows from these systems as well, either through study, or personal observation in the form of invasion

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It is not, however, true to say that military theorists and commanders were suffering from some collective case of stupidity. Their analysis of military history convinced them that decisive and aggressive strategic offensive was the only

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Military implements, the supply of an army, its organization, tactics, and discipline, have constituted the elements of military science in all ages; but improvement in weapons and accoutrements appears to lead and control all the rest.

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Military activity has been a constant process over thousands of years, and the essential tactics, strategy, and goals of military operations have been unchanging throughout history. As an example, one notable maneuver is the

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further modified the principles that Soviet theorists had divided into the operational art and tactics. The very scientific approach to military science thinking in the Soviet union had been perceived as overly rigid at the

3122:(APA) where others have grown out of military institutions or individuals who have had a particular interest in areas of military science and are military, defense or armed forces oriented. Some of these associations are: 2809:

population in an area of combat operations, and broader area of interest. Intelligence activities are conducted at all levels from tactical to strategic, in peacetime, the period of transition to war, and during the war.

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The military science on which the model of German combat operations was built for the First World War remained largely unaltered from the Napoleonic model, but took into the consideration the vast improvements in the

3136: 2672:. One distinctive characteristic of Chinese military science is that it places emphasis on the relationship between the military and society as well as viewing military force as merely one part of an overarching 2880:

service and adapt to the military's values and culture. Studies show that enlistment motivation generally incorporates both self-interest (pay) and non-market values like adventure, patriotism, and comradeship.

2451:. The military sciences' analysis of military history that had failed European commanders was about to give way to a new military science, less conspicuous in appearance, but more aligned to the processes of 2663:

is evaluating military trends of relevance to China. Chinese military doctrine is influenced by a number of sources including an indigenous classical military tradition characterized by strategists such as

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and attempts to derive tangible lessons that could be replicated again with equal success on another battlefield as a sort of bloody laboratory of military science. Few were bloodier than the fields of the

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material; the movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; the acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities; and the acquisition or furnishing of services.

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In the first instance military science is concerned with who will participate in military operations, and what sets of skills and knowledge they will require to do so effectively and somewhat ingeniously.

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Cooper, L., Caddick, N., Godier, L., Cooper, A., & Fossey, M. (2018). Transition from the military into civilian life: An exploration of cultural competence. Armed Forces & Society, 44(1), p. 156

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Military Schools and Courses of Instruction in the Science and Art of War in France, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Sardinia, England, and the United States, Part I – France and Prussia,

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Burdett, H., Woodhead, C., Iversen, A. C., Wessely, S., Dandeker, C., & Fear, N. T. (2013). "Are you a veteran?" understanding of the term "veteran" among UK ex-service personnel: A research note.

2264:, Major John Mitchell, thought that it seemed nothing much had changed from the application of force on a battlefield since the days of the Greeks. He suggested that this was primarily so because as 2871:, civil-military cooperation, military and popular culture, military and the media, military and disaster assistance, military and the environment and the blurring of military and police functions. 2257:

and later history, and the introduction of the gunpowder weapons into the equation of warfare only added to the veritable arcana of building fortifications as it seemed to the average individual.

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this way, all units of the same branch (such as infantry) follow the same structural guidelines which allows for more efficient financing, training, and employment of like units operationally.

2640:), and form a unique product suited for the conditions practitioners of this system will encounter. The system that is produced by the analysis provided by military art is known as doctrine. 2412:, a watershed of change. Military "organisation" would no longer be that of the linear warfare, but assault teams, and battalions that were becoming multi-skilled with the introduction of 2778:

How effectively and efficiently militaries accomplish their operations, missions and tasks is closely related not only to the methods they use, but the equipment and weapons they use.

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Wolfe-Clark, A. L., & Bryan, C. J. (2017). Integrating two theoretical models to understand and prevent military and veteran suicide. Armed Forces & Society, 43(3), 478–499.

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Military life is often violent and dangerous. The trauma of combat often results in post-traumatic stress disorder as well as painful physical health challenges which often lead to

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is the study of military processes, institutions, and behavior, along with the study of warfare, and the theory and application of organized coercive force. It is mainly focused on

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in peace or during a war. Military scientists include theorists, researchers, experimental scientists, applied scientists, designers, engineers, test technicians, and other

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in training. The size of a county's reserve force often depends on the type of recruitment method. Nations with a volunteer force tend to have a lower reserve percentage.

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Hinojosa, R., Hinojosa, M. S., & Nguyen, J. (2019). Military service and physical capital: Framing musculoskeletal disorders among American military veterans using

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Dandeker, C., Wessely, S., Iversen, A., & Ross, J. (2006). What's in a name? Defining and caring for "veterans": The United Kingdom in international perspective.

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on his foam-flecked steed is antiquated. A message sent by telephone annihilates space and time, whereas the dispatch rider would, in most cases, be annihilated by

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Class in telephony: enlisted men, U. S. Army. The telephone in modern warfare has robbed battle of much of its picturesqueness, romance, and glamor; as the dashing

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and enlisted soldiers or non-specialist assigned to intelligence may be selected for their analytical abilities and intelligence before receiving formal training.

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in the wake of massive armies, operations and troops that could fire ammunition faster than it could be produced, for the first time using vehicles that used the

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Griffith, James; Connelly, Vince; Catignani, Sergio; Johansson, Eva (2020), Sookermany, Anders (ed.), "Reservists and Veterans: Viewed from Within and Without",

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Pion-Berlin D., Dudley D. (2020) Civil-Military Relations: What Is the State of the Field. In: Sookermany A. (eds) Handbook of Military Sciences. Springer, Cham

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Whitlock, J. E. (2006). How to make army force generation work for the Army Reserve component. Carlisle Barracks: Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College

2325: 2275:, military science continued to be divided between the formal thinking of officers brought up in the "shadow" of the Napoleonic Wars and younger officers like 2854:

Germany to produce artificial rubbers and fuels to reduce or eliminate their dependence on imported POL (petroleum, oil, and lubricants) and rubber supplies.

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Military intelligence serves to identify the threat, and provide information on understanding best methods and weapons to use in deterring or defeating it.

2471:. The United States Department of Defense defines military science in terms of specific systems and operational requirements, and include among other areas 3319: 3142: 2345: 2400:

In many ways military science was born as a result of the experiences of the Great War. "Military implements" had changed armies beyond recognition with

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experience in conventional war fighting, have been substantially modified since the introduction of the nuclear arms into strategic considerations. The

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Carafano, J. J. (2005). Total Force and the Abrams doctrine: Unfulfilled promise, uncertain future. Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute.

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Griffith, J. (2008). Institutional motives for serving in the U.S. Army National Guard: Implications for recruitment, retention, and readiness.

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was predicated on the ability of the Soviet Union to not only successfully invade Afghanistan, but also to militarily and politically flank the

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Drew, N. S. (1999). NSC-68: Forging the strategy of containment. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, NSC-20/4, Sec. 21 (a), 31.

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and willingness to fight. Because only the offensive could bring victory, lack of it, and not the firepower, was blamed for the defeat of the

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Griffith J., Connelly V., Catignani S., Johansson E. (2020) Reservists and Veterans: Viewed from Within and Without. In: Sookermany A. (eds)

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Each system trains its officer corps in its philosophy regarding military art. The differences in content and emphasis are illustrative. The

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Lomsky-Feder, E., Gazit, N., & Ben-Ari, E. (2008). Reserve soldiers as transmigrants: Moving between the civilian and military worlds.

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Lomsky-Feder, E., Gazit, N., & Ben-Ari, E. (2008). Reserve soldiers as transmigrants: Moving between the civilian and military worlds.

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would make this all but impossible, and leading to the battlefield stagnant in advantages of the defensive position, destroying troop

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Griffith, J. (2020). Community service and voting among veterans and nonveterans using a national sample of college undergraduates.

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Teigen, J. M. (2007). Veterans' party identification, candidate affect, and vote choice in the 2004 U.S. presidential election.

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Tactics changed, too, with infantry for the first time segregated from the horse-mounted troops, and required to cooperate with

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Kohen, A. I., & Shields, P. M. (1980). Reaping the spoils of defeat: Labor market experiences of Vietnam-era veterans.

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Eighmey, J. (2006). Why do youth enlist?: Identification of underlying themes. Armed Forces & Society, 32(2), 307–328.

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Griffith, J. (2010). Citizens coping as soldiers: A review of postdeployment stress symptoms among deployed reservists.

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predominantly from those developed during the existence of the Soviet Union. These, although based significantly on the

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especially for officers, also concerns itself with general education and political indoctrination of the armed forces.

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Griffith, J. (2019). Family readiness groups: Helping deployed Army National Guard soldiers and their families.

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principles of war/military science are defined by Land Forces Doctrine and Training System (LFDTS) to focus on

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Inbody, D. S. (2016). The soldier vote: War, politics, and the ballot in America. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

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Levy Y. (2020) Military and Religion. In: Sookermany A. (eds) Handbook of Military Sciences. Springer, Cham

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deployment, reservists face many of the same stresses as active duty but often with fewer support services.

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wars, battles, and combats, history of the military art, and history of each specific military service.

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Shields, Patricia M. (2020), Sookermany, Anders (ed.), "Dynamic Intersection of Military and Society",

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and, for the first time, forcing military commanders to think not only in terms of rank and file, but

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as a general term to refer to all matters of military theory and technology application as a single

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Shields Patricia M. (2020) Dynamic Intersection of Military and Society. In: Sookermany A. (eds)

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to virtually disappear in the next 20 years. The "supply of an army" would become a science of

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Shields P.M. (2020) Dynamic Intersection of Military and Society. In: Sookermany A. (eds)

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Forster, A. (2005). Armed forces and society in Europe. p. 9. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

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Ways of War: American Military History from the Colonial Era to the Twenty-First Century

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Universities (or colleges) around the world also offer a degree(s) in military science:

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between 1914 and 1918. The person who probably understood Clausewitz better than most,

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Bury, P. (2017). Recruitment and retention in British Army reserve logistics units.

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taught by a Professor of Military Art at the Staff School in France, p. 248, Barnard

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Lomsky-Feder et al (2008p. 594) introduced the metaphor of reserve forces as

2472: 2381:, and feared that overemphasis of firepower, and the resultant dependence on 2215: 1884: 1872: 1728: 1648: 1564: 1547: 1404: 1259: 1239: 922: 917: 897: 877: 792: 763: 738: 614: 592: 577: 552: 392: 314: 277: 272: 169: 6695: 6438: 6310: 6285: 5988: 5907: 5482: 5350: 5340: 5301: 5277: 5022: 4747: 4645: 3709:

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_31-1

2989:, Paris School of International Affairs - Master in International Security. 2897: 2637: 2297: 2268:

suggested, "unlike in any other science or art, in war the object reacts".

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who tended to view fighting performance as rooted in the individual's and

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and the ability to conduct "great battles of annihilation" through rapid

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In military history, military science had been used during the period of

2176:. Military science is also used to establish enemy capability as part of 1982: 1733: 1698: 1537: 1224: 1189: 902: 845: 748: 532: 253: 248: 89: 6330: 6146: 5571: 5012: 4887: 4882: 3052: 2669: 2562:

and their weapons and equipment, and the methods employed in any given

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For the research and development of technologies used in warfare, see

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Until the early 19th century, one observer, a British veteran of the

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Much of capability development depends on the concepts which guide

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Complexity, Networking, and Effects Based Approaches to Operations

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Chinese military doctrine is currently in a state of flux as the

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are not military scientists on completion of studies, but rather

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Jordan, Kelly C., "Military Science", in G. Kurt Piehler, ed.

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Soeters, Joseph; Shields, Patricia and Rietjens, Sebastiaan.

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International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

2369:, initially participated in events that nearly destroyed the 937: 473: 468: 16:

Theory, method, and practice of producing military capability

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The Development of Military Thought: The Nineteenth Century

2428: 2149:; and to increase the likelihood and favorable outcomes of 233: 228: 4252:

Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Military Studies

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political "landscape", for example). As an example, the

3149:

International Congress on Soldiers Physical Performance

3109:

International military sciences or studies associations

4042:"Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society" 4016: 3927:

Gazit, Nir; Lomsky-Feder, Edna; Ari, Eyal Ben (2021).

2523:

In the United States force structure is guided by the

2850:

its production. An example is the effort expended by

4046:

Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society

3926: 3320:

List of basic military science and technology topics

3143:

Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society

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elements necessary to sustain relative advantage of

4211:Muehlbauer, Matthew S., and David J. Ulbrich, eds. 2651:Soviet military doctrine (and its descendants, in 2608: 2534: 4111:"International Society of Military Sciences Home" 3654:Strangers at home: Vietnam veterans since the War 3178:The following are notable journals in the field: 6720: 2553: 2478: 4213:The Routledge History of Global War and Society 4183:Understanding War: History and Theory of Combat 3137:European Research Group on Military and Society 2978:– Bachelor, Master, and PhD in Military science 2683:principles of war are defined in the U.S. Army 4220:Muehlbauer, Matthew S., and David J. Ulbrich. 4201:, SAGE Reference, Volume, 2. pp. 880–885. 3706:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_31-1 4355: 4280:Lifeblood of war: Logistics in armed conflict 4178:J.B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, 1862 4142: 2710:Russian Federation armed forces derive their 2079: 3258:Quarterly Journal of the US Army War College 3173: 2967:– MA in Military, Security and Intelligence. 2874: 2198:, military science is often the name of the 4136:"RC01 Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution" 3473: 3471: 3469: 3169:; RC01 Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution 3034:– MA in Strategy and International Security 4362: 4348: 4150:"Google Scholar Metrics, Military Studies" 3835: 3833: 3797: 3161:International Society of Military Sciences 3155:International Military Testing Association 2113:. Military science serves to identify the 2086: 2072: 3849: 3487: 3096:– Major in Diplomacy and Military Studies 2308:, organisation of the army in the field, 76:Learn how and when to remove this message 6185:List of military strategies and concepts 3466: 3090:– Major in Defense and Strategic Studies 2781: 2487: 2235: 1050:List of military strategies and concepts 39:This article includes a list of general 3830: 3477: 3114:larger scientific communities like the 2861: 6721: 3167:International Sociological Association 3116:International Sociological Association 4343: 3366: 3364: 2939: 2823: 2750: 2701:operational art and campaign planning 6701: 4369: 4304:The Logic of Warfighting Experiments 2502: 2455:of testing and experimentation, the 2271:Until this time, and even after the 2105:, method, and practice of producing 25: 6645:Idealism in international relations 4324:by Atkinson and Moffat (CCRP, 2005) 4188: 3996:The Society for Military Psychology 3370: 2792:Military intelligence supports the 2773: 2569: 2525:table of organization and equipment 13: 4282:, Brassey's classics, London, 1991 4193:. London: Oxford University Press. 3361: 3127:American Psychological Association 3120:American Psychological Association 45:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 6745: 4330:by Alberts and Hayes (CCRP, 2003) 4318:by Alberts and Hayes (CCRP, 2006) 4316:Understanding Command and Control 4287: 3004:Victoria University of Wellington 2915: 2839:Military technology and equipment 6700: 6690: 6689: 4199:Encyclopedia of Military Science 2950:Royal Military Academy (Belgium) 2644:focus on removing an opponent's 124: 30: 4128: 4103: 4077: 4059: 4034: 4009: 3984: 3972: 3967:Journal of Community Psychology 3959: 3920: 3907: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3867: 3798:Lesschaeve, Christophe (2020). 3791: 3778: 3769: 3756: 3743: 3734: 3713: 3694: 3685: 3672: 3659: 3646: 3607: 3594: 3581: 3572: 3556: 3540: 3531: 3518: 3505: 3457: 3448: 3439: 3082:United States Air Force Academy 2609:Military strategy and doctrines 2541:Military education and training 2535:Military education and training 2302:military art (military science) 4336:by Alberts et al. 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Perception of 2330:military administration 2111:national defense policy 1993:Wartime sexual violence 1749:Full-spectrum dominance 1560:Supply-chain management 60:more precise citations. 6635:Conscientious objector 4743:Special reconnaissance 4483:Awards and decorations 4322:The Agile Organization 3220:Joint Forces Quarterly 3213:International Security 2858:military application. 2634:Napoleon's War of 1812 2465:Royal Military Academy 2449:Hundred Days Offensive 2342:concentration of force 2249: 2178:technical intelligence 1905:Awards and decorations 1878:Peace through strength 1853:Low-intensity conflict 1487:Conscientious objector 1360:Area of responsibility 5655:Torpedo Data Computer 5645:Ship gun fire-control 4312:by Smith (CCRP, 2006) 3992:"Military Psychology" 3358:Jordan, 2013. p. 880. 3026:King's College London 2910:excessive alcohol use 2815:intelligence officers 2802:intelligence analysis 2788:Military intelligence 2782:Military intelligence 2705:scientific principles 2693:principles of command 2494:Military organization 2488:Military organization 2475:and force structure. 2391:Imperial Russian Army 2354:Cult of the offensive 2239: 2204:education institution 2185:Industrial Revolution 497:Torpedo data computer 487:Ship gun fire-control 6516:Specific modern wars 6464:Vehicles and weapons 6389:Military occupations 4988:Carrier strike group 4306:by Kass (CCRP, 2006) 3255:Parameters (journal) 2862:Military and society 2352:better known as the 2326:military legislation 2318:field fortifications 2172:to achieve specific 2023:Military occupations 1858:Military engineering 1760:Unrestricted Warfare 1617:Force multiplication 515:Military manoeuvrers 6679:Peace organizations 6142:Operations research 5620:Director (military) 5610:Fire-control system 4521:Command and control 4294:Military Technology 3751:Military Psychology 3633:/referenceworkentry 3234:Military Psychology 3131:Military Psychology 2965:Bar-Ilan University 2959:Tel Aviv University 2845:Military technology 2728:Second Chechen Wars 2595:Khalid ibn al-Walid 2441:military discipline 2379:doctrine of victory 2350:strategic offensive 2312:and the science of 2273:Franco-Prussian War 2189:academic discipline 2107:military capability 1709:Penal military unit 1694:Rules of engagement 1370:Command and control 995:Operations research 459:Director (military) 449:Fire-control system 219:Command and control 100:Part of a series on 21:Military technology 6137:Military operation 6104:Tactical objective 5615:Fire-control radar 5531:Military equipment 5473:Anti-ship missiles 4825:Electronic-warfare 4688:Military maneuvers 4673:Combat occupations 4449:Commanding officer 4409:Occupational roles 4278:Thompson, Julian, 4261:. Springer, Cham. 4233:. Springer, Cham. 4189:Gat, Azar (1992). 4181:Dupuy, Trevor N., 3704:. Springer, Cham. 3639:/978-3-030-02866-4 3617:. 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Review 3176: 3111: 3078:United States: 2942: 2918: 2886: 2877: 2864: 2847: 2841: 2832: 2826: 2790: 2784: 2776: 2759: 2753: 2689:Canadian Forces 2621: 2613:Main articles: 2611: 2578: 2572: 2556: 2543: 2537: 2505: 2496: 2490: 2481: 2422:force structure 2262:Napoleonic Wars 2234: 2226:Main articles: 2224: 2174:strategic goals 2092: 2063: 2062: 2013: 2003: 2002: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1900: 1890: 1889: 1863:Multilateralism 1848:Law enforcement 1808: 1798: 1797: 1766:Just war theory 1724: 1714: 1713: 1664:Geneva Protocol 1634: 1624: 1623: 1597: 1587: 1586: 1528: 1518: 1517: 1425: 1415: 1414: 1355: 1345: 1344: 1310: 1300: 1299: 1230:Network-centric 1150: 1140: 1139: 1047: 1037: 1036: 985: 975: 974: 923:Rapid dominance 828: 818: 817: 773:Electromagnetic 682: 672: 671: 658: 611: 559: 535: 525: 524: 520:Combat training 501: 478: 444:Combat systems: 440: 402: 398:Auxiliary ships 364: 324: 320:Military police 286: 209: 199: 198: 138: 112: 111: 110: 105: 93: 82: 71: 65: 62: 52:Please help to 51: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6747: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6712: 6711: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6630:Global studies 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6605:Peace movement 6602: 6597: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6545: 6536: 6527: 6513: 6512: 6511: 6502: 6493: 6484: 6475: 6461: 6452: 6443: 6433: 6431: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6404:Related lists: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6374:History lists: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6354:Military lists 6350: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6321:Defense policy 6318: 6316:Defense budget 6313: 6308: 6306:Public policy: 6303: 6298: 6296:United Nations 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6269: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6255:Scorched earth 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6181: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6157:Deep operation 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6133: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5985: 5984: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5884: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5870:Unconventional 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5820:Disinformation 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5745: 5735: 5730: 5728:Post-classical 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5669: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5604: 5603:Combat systems 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5594:Field hospital 5591: 5590: 5589: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5458: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5371:Shoulder-fired 5360: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5287: 5286: 5285: 5275: 5271:Service rifles 5267: 5266: 5265: 5255: 5250: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5230: 5229: 5228: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5184: 5179: 5178: 5177: 5166: 5164: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5046: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4830:Reconnaissance 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4795:Auxiliary ship 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4707: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4683:Basic training 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4614:Reconnaissance 4611: 4606: 4601: 4599:Communications 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4564:Special forces 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4528: 4523: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4480: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4352: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4297: 4296: 4289: 4288:External links 4286: 4284: 4283: 4276: 4255: 4248: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4202: 4195: 4186: 4179: 4171: 4163: 4162: 4141: 4127: 4115:www.isofms.org 4102: 4076: 4058: 4033: 4008: 3983: 3971: 3958: 3939:(4): 616–634. 3919: 3906: 3893: 3884: 3875: 3866: 3860: 3829: 3810:(2): 259–280. 3790: 3777: 3768: 3755: 3742: 3733: 3712: 3693: 3684: 3671: 3658: 3645: 3606: 3593: 3580: 3571: 3555: 3539: 3530: 3526:The Art of War 3517: 3504: 3498: 3465: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3429: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3360: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3266: 3259: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3180: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3118:(ISA) and the 3110: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3007: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2962: 2953: 2941: 2938: 2921:Reserve forces 2917: 2916:Reserve forces 2914: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2863: 2860: 2843:Main article: 2840: 2837: 2828:Main article: 2825: 2822: 2806:available data 2786:Main article: 2783: 2780: 2775: 2772: 2755:Main article: 2752: 2749: 2733:tactical level 2674:grand strategy 2610: 2607: 2574:Main article: 2571: 2568: 2564:theatre of war 2555: 2552: 2539:Main article: 2536: 2533: 2518:armed services 2504: 2501: 2492:Main article: 2489: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2277:Ardant du Picq 2242:dispatch rider 2223: 2220: 2147:military force 2094: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2083: 2076: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2028:Military terms 2025: 2020: 2014: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1901: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1809: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1786:Tripwire force 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1725: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1609: 1604: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1562: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1540: 1535: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1356: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1308:Administrative 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1235:New generation 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1210:Fleet in being 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1151: 1148:Grand strategy 1146: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1135:Scorched earth 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1048: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1012:Deep operation 1009: 1004: 997: 992: 986: 981: 980: 977: 976: 973: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 941: 940: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 859: 858: 853: 848: 838: 829: 824: 823: 820: 819: 816: 815: 813:Unconventional 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 761: 759:Disinformation 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 730: 729: 724: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 683: 678: 677: 674: 673: 670: 669: 664: 657: 656: 655: 654: 653: 652: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 610: 609: 608: 607: 606: 605: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 558: 557: 556: 555: 550: 545: 536: 531: 530: 527: 526: 523: 522: 517: 512: 510:Basic training 507: 500: 499: 494: 489: 484: 477: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 439: 438: 436:Reconnaissance 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 401: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 363: 362: 357: 355:Special forces 352: 347: 346: 345: 335: 330: 323: 322: 317: 312: 310:Reconnaissance 307: 302: 297: 292: 285: 284: 275: 270: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 210: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196: 195: 194: 189: 179: 178: 177: 172: 162: 161: 160: 153:Post-classical 150: 145: 139: 134: 133: 130: 129: 121: 120: 102: 101: 84: 83: 66:September 2013 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6746: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6717: 6709: 6708: 6698: 6697: 6686: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6668: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6610:Peace process 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6586: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6519: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6508: 6503: 6499: 6494: 6490: 6485: 6481: 6476: 6472: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6453: 6449: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6152:Expeditionary 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6054:Counterattack 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5860:Psychological 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5800:Combined arms 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5592: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5582:Military base 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5546: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5483:Depth charges 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5317:Anti-tank gun 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5290:Assault rifle 5288: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5278:Battle rifles 5276: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5246:Infantry guns 5243: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5140:Anti-aircraft 5138: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4944: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4873:General staff 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4790:Landing craft 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4439:Enlisted rank 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4151: 4145: 4137: 4131: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4022: 4018: 4012: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3910: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3863: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3836: 3834: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3787: 3781: 3772: 3765: 3759: 3753:, 22, 176–206 3752: 3746: 3737: 3730: 3726: 3723:'s theory of 3722: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3688: 3681: 3675: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3649: 3642: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3603: 3597: 3590: 3584: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3534: 3527: 3521: 3514: 3508: 3501: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3460: 3451: 3442: 3433: 3424: 3415: 3406: 3397: 3391:p. 194, Lodge 3388: 3379: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3063:South Africa 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2994:New Zealand: 2993: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2937: 2934: 2933:transmigrants 2929: 2925: 2922: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2870: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2846: 2836: 2831: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2800:by providing 2799: 2795: 2789: 2779: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2758: 2748: 2744: 2741: 2738:The military 2736: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2627: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2532: 2528: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2513: 2511: 2500: 2495: 2485: 2476: 2474: 2473:civil defense 2470: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363:Western Front 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2139:technological 2136: 2132: 2128: 2127:psychological 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2089: 2084: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2007: 2006: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1915:Warrior caste 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1885:Show of force 1883: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1873:Peacebuilding 1871: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1729:Air supremacy 1727: 1726: 1723: 1718: 1717: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1669:Islamic rules 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1649:Court-martial 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1548:Arms industry 1546: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1522: 1521: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1349: 1348: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1303: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1165:Broken-backed 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1007:Expeditionary 1005: 1003: 1002: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 987: 984: 979: 978: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 939: 936: 935: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 878:Counterattack 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 843: 842: 839: 837: 834: 833: 832: 827: 822: 821: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 803:Psychological 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 739:Combined arms 737: 735: 732: 728: 725: 723: 720: 719: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 684: 681: 676: 675: 668: 665: 663: 660: 659: 651: 648: 647: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 616: 613: 612: 604: 601: 600: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 578:Fortification 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 565: 564: 561: 560: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 540: 538: 537: 534: 529: 528: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 502: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 479: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 441: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 403: 399: 396: 394: 393:Landing craft 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 365: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 344: 341: 340: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 287: 283: 279: 278:Standing army 276: 274: 271: 269: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 208: 203: 202: 193: 190: 188: 185: 184: 183: 180: 176: 173: 171: 170:pike and shot 168: 167: 166: 163: 159: 156: 155: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 137: 132: 131: 127: 123: 122: 116: 108: 104: 103: 99: 98: 95: 91: 80: 77: 69: 59: 55: 49: 48: 42: 37: 28: 27: 22: 6716: 6705: 6694: 6673: 6669:}} 6665:{{ 6552:}} 6548:{{ 6543:}} 6541:World War II 6539:{{ 6534:}} 6530:{{ 6525:}} 6521:{{ 6515: 6509:}} 6505:{{ 6500:}} 6496:{{ 6491:}} 6487:{{ 6482:}} 6478:{{ 6473:}} 6469:{{ 6463: 6459:}} 6455:{{ 6450:}} 6446:{{ 6441:}} 6437:{{ 6403: 6373: 6353: 6325: 6311:Conscription 6305: 6286:Peace treaty 6272: 5977:Subterranean 5865:Radiological 5805:Conventional 5754: 5733:Early modern 5712: 5697: 5639: 5576: 5492: 5452: 5414: 5397: 5362: 5351:Combat knife 5341:Flamethrower 5306: 5302:Sniper rifle 5269: 5258:Machine guns 5244: 5181: 5043: 5017: 5007: 4972: 4877: 4846:Organization 4799: 4753:Naval units: 4752: 4748:Signal corps 4710: 4678:Development: 4677: 4667: 4646:Border guard 4609:Intelligence 4593: 4532:Armed Forces 4530: 4499: 4460: 4418: 4298: 4279: 4258: 4230: 4221: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4190: 4182: 4175: 4168:Bibliography 4167: 4166: 4153:. Retrieved 4144: 4130: 4118:. Retrieved 4114: 4105: 4093:. Retrieved 4089:the original 4079: 4071:icspp2020.ca 4070: 4061: 4049:. Retrieved 4045: 4036: 4024:. Retrieved 4020: 4011: 3999:. Retrieved 3995: 3986: 3974: 3966: 3961: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3914: 3909: 3901: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3841: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3785: 3780: 3771: 3763: 3758: 3750: 3745: 3736: 3728: 3715: 3701: 3696: 3687: 3679: 3674: 3666: 3661: 3653: 3648: 3614: 3609: 3601: 3596: 3588: 3583: 3574: 3558: 3542: 3533: 3525: 3520: 3512: 3507: 3479: 3459: 3450: 3441: 3436:p. 15, Dupuy 3432: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3400:p. 12, Dupuy 3396: 3387: 3378: 3373:, p. 12 3354: 3345: 3344: 3289: 3282: 3275: 3268: 3261: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3225: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3177: 3112: 2943: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2898:homelessness 2895: 2891: 2887: 2878: 2865: 2856: 2848: 2833: 2819: 2811: 2796:commanders' 2791: 2777: 2760: 2745: 2737: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2678: 2658: 2650: 2642: 2630: 2622: 2603: 2579: 2557: 2545:Studies the 2544: 2529: 2522: 2514: 2506: 2497: 2482: 2461: 2426: 2414:machine guns 2399: 2383:entrenchment 2375: 2367:Marshal Foch 2334: 2298:trigonometry 2290: 2286: 2270: 2259: 2251: 2193: 2182: 2159: 2098: 2097: 1998:Fifth column 1978:War resister 1973:Women in war 1868:Peacekeeping 1813:Arms control 1758: 1594: 1447:Mobilization 1442:Conscription 1400:Intelligence 1353:Organization 999: 928:Encirclement 808:Radiological 744:Conventional 598:Subterranean 505:Development: 504: 481: 443: 405: 368:Naval units: 367: 360:Signal corps 327: 305:Intelligence 290:Specialties: 289: 214:Organization 165:Early modern 94: 72: 63: 44: 6674:Categories: 6615:Disarmament 6532:World War I 6291:Cooperation 6205:Culminating 6129:Operational 6074:Envelopment 5994:Information 5913:Cold-region 5880:Battlespace 5738:Late modern 5718:Prehistoric 5640:Historical: 5577:Facilities: 5103:Armored car 4978:Naval fleet 4716:Combat arms 4711:Land units: 4668:Categories: 4651:Coast guard 4636:Gendarmerie 4559:Space force 4500:Categories: 4414:Recruitment 4155:15 December 3981:, sun.ac.za 3445:p. 138, Gat 3427:p. 113, Gat 3133:(APA-Div19) 2987:Sciences Po 2601:in 633 CE. 2547:methodology 2447:during the 2371:French Army 2314:projectiles 2296:(including 2255:Renaissance 2135:operational 1983:War studies 1806:Non-warfare 1734:Appeasement 1699:Martial law 1538:War economy 1477:Transgender 1430:Recruitment 1190:Containment 1075:Culminating 983:Operational 903:Envelopment 846:Air assault 727:Air cavalry 687:Air defence 667:Information 568:Cold-region 533:Battlespace 482:Historical: 328:Land units: 254:Space force 249:Coast guard 182:Late modern 143:Prehistoric 90:war studies 58:introducing 6723:Categories 6563:Categories 6409:War crimes 6394:Operations 6331:Government 6147:Blitzkrieg 6119:Withdrawal 5970:Underwater 5945:Amphibious 5887:Aerospace 5830:Electronic 5780:Camouflage 5775:Biological 5748:fourth-gen 5743:industrial 5572:Body armor 5560:Camouflage 5541:By country 5386:By country 5197:By country 5182:Artillery: 5096:By country 5013:Combat box 4983:Task force 4951:By country 4934:By country 4888:Field army 4883:Army group 4851:By country 4800:Air units: 4780:Submarines 4661:By country 4488:By country 4404:Technology 4120:25 October 4051:25 October 4026:25 October 4021:ergomas.ch 4001:25 October 3979:milscience 3656:, 181-211. 3382:p. 29, Gat 3341:References 3053:Diyatalawa 3045:Sri Lanka 3011:Slovenia: 2670:Mao Zedong 2294:topography 2266:Clausewitz 2200:department 2043:War crimes 2033:Operations 1940:Foot drill 1910:Battle cry 1823:deterrence 1482:Harassment 1457:Specialism 1280:Technology 1275:Succession 1220:Liberation 1155:Asymmetric 1090:Empty fort 1001:Blitzkrieg 970:Withdrawal 933:Investment 712:Camouflage 707:Biological 645:Underwater 620:Amphibious 539:Aerospace 406:Air units: 383:Submarines 192:fourth-gen 187:industrial 175:napoleonic 41:references 6430:Templates 6301:Mediation 6281:Alliances 6274:Diplomacy 6250:Offensive 6230:Defensive 6225:Deception 6195:Attrition 6079:Guerrilla 6027:Airbridge 5845:Loitering 5765:Artillery 5703:Diplomacy 5524:Equipment 5478:Torpedoes 5420:Land mine 5376:Anti-tank 5209:Field gun 5187:Artillery 5123:Gun truck 5108:Scout car 4946:Battalion 4839:Structure 4738:Artillery 4656:Logistics 4604:Engineers 4549:Air force 3953:0095-327X 3824:0095-327X 3629:.springer 3139:(ERGOMAS) 3057:Sri Lanka 2972:Finland: 2948:Belgium: 2906:substance 2437:artillery 2406:logistics 2338:firepower 2310:artillery 2212:graduates 2166:equipment 2119:political 2115:strategic 1930:War novel 1833:Grey-zone 1793:War games 1754:Overmatch 1704:War crime 1654:Desertion 1644:Ceasefire 1639:Armistice 1526:Logistics 1504:Mercenary 1492:Volunteer 1423:Personnel 1395:Engineers 1340:Sociology 1295:World war 1290:Total war 1270:Strategic 1260:Religious 1245:Political 1240:Perpetual 1215:Irregular 1130:Offensive 1105:Defensive 1100:Deception 1060:Attrition 913:Guerrilla 908:Formation 851:Airbridge 783:Loitering 697:Artillery 350:Artillery 300:Engineers 268:Irregular 239:Air force 6696:Category 6620:Pacifism 6550:Cold War 6507:Aircraft 6326:Related: 6177:Strategy 6162:Maneuver 6099:Swarming 5928:Mountain 5896:Airborne 5835:Infantry 5790:Chemical 5755:By type: 5683:Strategy 5506:Missiles 5434:Sea/Air: 5403:Infantry 5364:Missiles 5221:Howitzer 5037:Vehicles 5003:Squadron 4998:Flotilla 4993:Division 4929:Regiment 4905:Division 4805:Fighters 4768:Littoral 4758:Warships 4721:Infantry 4703:Branches 4589:Reserves 4574:Commando 4478:Uniforms 4389:Military 4382:Concepts 4371:Military 4095:17 April 3528:, XII.17 3371:Gat 1992 3299:See also 3151:(ICSPP) 2983:France: 2955:Israel: 2884:Veterans 2722:and the 2587:Hannibal 2435:and new 2433:aircraft 2246:shrapnel 2170:training 2143:tactical 2123:economic 1945:War song 1920:War film 1553:Materiel 1472:Children 1452:Training 1390:Medicine 1375:Doctrine 1330:Training 1265:Resource 1250:Princely 1200:Economic 1185:Conquest 1180:Colonial 1175:Cold war 1160:Blockade 1045:Strategy 1017:Maneuver 778:Infantry 734:Chemical 588:Mountain 548:Airborne 411:Fighters 378:Warships 333:Infantry 259:Reserves 207:Military 6707:Commons 6625:Détente 6588:Related 6480:Weapons 6448:Weapons 6414:Writers 6384:Battles 6364:Weapons 6069:Foxhole 6044:Cavalry 6032:Airdrop 6022:Airlift 6004:Tactics 5965:Surface 5855:Nuclear 5840:Lawfare 5785:Cavalry 5770:Barrage 5723:Ancient 5713:By era: 5688:Tactics 5665:Warfare 5346:Bayonet 5329:Grenade 5312:Bazooka 5253:Pistols 5202:Battery 5170:Weapons 5156:Weapons 5044:Ground: 4963:Platoon 4956:By type 4939:By type 4922:By type 4917:Brigade 4815:Command 4810:Bombers 4763:Surface 4731:Cavalry 4626:Medical 4584:Militia 4579:Frogman 4554:Marines 4493:Highest 4444:Officer 4424:Soldier 4399:History 4394:Service 4224:(2018) 4215:(2018) 2902:suicide 2666:Sun Tzu 2597:at the 2589:at the 2453:science 2418:mortars 2402:cavalry 2393:in the 2222:History 2202:in the 2162:weapons 2151:victory 2058:Writers 2053:Weapons 2018:Battles 1967:Related 1955:Wargame 1950:Uniform 1898:Culture 1679:Perfidy 1674:Justice 1595:Science 1580:Outpost 1533:History 1513:Warrior 1509:Soldier 1497:foreign 1435:counter 1335:Service 1285:Theater 1225:Limited 1205:Endemic 1120:Nuclear 893:Foxhole 868:Cavalry 856:Airdrop 841:Airlift 826:Tactics 798:Nuclear 788:Missile 717:Cavalry 702:Barrage 680:Weapons 640:Surface 421:Command 416:Bombers 373:Frogman 343:Cavalry 315:Medical 282:Militia 264:Regular 244:Marines 158:castles 148:Ancient 136:History 115:outline 54:improve 6699: 6399:Sieges 6336:Nation 6265:Policy 6220:Mosaic 6215:Fabian 6114:Trench 6084:Morale 6049:Charge 6039:Battle 6017:Aerial 5982:Tunnel 5923:Jungle 5918:Desert 5815:Denial 5693:Combat 5678:Battle 5548:Helmet 5494:Aerial 5425:Shells 5415:Other: 5398:Lists: 5393:Mortar 5233:Rocket 5061:Combat 5049:Ground 4973:Naval: 4773:Patrol 4514:Forces 4434:Airman 4429:Sailor 4419:Roles: 4272: 4244: 4067:"Home" 3951: 3858: 3822: 3513:On War 3496: 3163:(ISMS) 3157:(IMTA) 2908:, and 2794:combat 2703:, and 2687:. 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