Military history - Knowledge

5046:. Roberts emphasized the introduction of muskets that could not be aimed at small targets, but could be very effective when fired in volleys by three ranks of infantry soldiers, with one firing while the other two ranks reloaded. All three ranks march forward to demolish the enemy. The infantry now had the firepower that had been reserved to the artillery, and had mobility that could rapidly advance in the battlefield, which the artillery lacked. The infantry thereby surpassed the artillery in tactical maneuvering on the battlefield. Roberts linked these advances with larger historical consequences, arguing that innovations in tactics, drill and doctrine by the Dutch and Swedes 1560–1660 led to a need for more and better trained troops and thus for permanent forces (standing armies). Armies grew much larger and more expensive. These changes in turn had major political consequences in the level of administrative support and the supply of money, men and provisions, producing new financial demands and the creation of new governmental institutions. "Thus, argued Roberts, the modern art of war made possible—and necessary—the creation of the modern state". In the 1990s the concept was modified and extended by 3884: 5022: 4895: 4379: 4803: 3614: 160: 3508: 3582: 2133: 2569: 3810: 3605:, a Ming Chinese General that provided the original treatise, disseminated to Koreans, that aided in this venture. In these manuals, Qi "...gave detailed instructions in the use of small group tactics, psychological warfare, and other 'modern' techniques." Qi emphasized repetitive drilling, dividing men into smaller groups, separating the strong from weak. Qi's ethos was one of synthesizing smaller groups, trained in various tactical formations, into larger companies, battalions and armies. By doing this they could "operate as eyes, hands, and feet..." aiding to overall unit cohesion. 3487:(1363–1404) is credited with creating the most effective artillery power in Europe in the late fourteenth century, effectively creating the Burgundian estate. Philip's development of a large artillery army made the small country a reputable force against larger empires such as England and France. Philip had achieved this by establishing a large scale artillery manufacturing economy in Burgundy. Philip used his new cache of artillery to help the French capture an English-held fortress of Odruik. The artillery used to take Odruik used cannonballs measuring to about 450 pounds. 2300:

their current political views are moderately correlated with their historiographical interpretations. A clear position on the left-right continuum regarding capitalism was apparent in most cases. All groups agreed with the proposition, "historically, Americans have tended to view questions of their national security in terms of such extremes as good vs. evil." Though the Socialists were split, the other groups agreed that "miscalculation and/or misunderstanding of the situation" had caused U.S. interventionism." Kimball reports that:

3084: 4219: 5050:, who argued that developments in fortification and siege warfare caused the revolution. The concept of a military revolution based upon technology has given way to models based more on a slow evolution in which technology plays a minor role to organization, command and control, logistics and in general non-material improvements. The revolutionary nature of these changes was only visible after a long evolution that handed Europe a predominant place in warfare, a place that the industrial revolution would confirm. 3578:(1537–1598) made a failed invasion of Korea, which lasted six years, eventually pushed back by the Koreans with the aid of Ming China. Japan, using overwhelming firepower, had many early victories on the Korean peninsulas. Though the Koreans had similar manpower, "the curtain of arrows thrown up by defenders was wiped out by gunfire." After the Japanese were finally pushed back in 1598, sweeping military reforms took place in Korea, largely based on updating and implementing the volley technique with firearms. 2285:, for instance. Researching Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, for example, have presented unique challenges to historians due to records that were destroyed to protect classified military information, among other reasons. Historians use their knowledge of government regulation and military organization, and employing a targeted and systematic research strategy to piece together war histories. Despite these limits, wars are some of the most studied and detailed periods of human history. 4592: 2943: 3547: 13429: 9645: 13393: 12725: 10358: 8776: 2337: 8786: 13418: 4095: 35: 3469:

present-day materials, to determine the effectiveness of the weapon. The Gunpowder Research Group, who designed the recreation, found that at high elevations, the Loshult could fire as far as 1300 meters. Though inaccurate, missing targets further than 200 meters, the Loshult could fire a range of projectiles such as arrows and shot. It was determined that the Loshult could be effectively fired at ranks of soldiers and structures.

5072: 3437: 13405: 12736: 5208: 4477:). While Roman armies suffered several major losses, their large population and ability (and will) to replace battlefield casualties, their training, organization, tactical and technical superiority enabled Rome to stay a predominant military force for several centuries, utilizing well trained and maneuverable armies to routinely overcome the much larger "tribal" armies of their foes (see Battles of 3092: 3104: 2815: 3867:, designed to be sturdy, tended to last longer than other artifacts, and thus a great deal of surviving artifacts recovered tend to fall in this category as they are more likely to survive. Weapons and armor were also mass-produced to a scale that makes them quite plentiful throughout history, and thus more likely to be found in archaeological digs. 2415:

commemorate". Yet as Andrew Whitmarsh notes, "museums frequently portray a sanitised version of warfare." The actual bomber that dropped the atomic bomb on Japan became the focus of an angry national controversy with veterans attacking curators and historians when the Smithsonian Institution planned to put its fuselage on public display in 1995. The

3543:, the technique known as "volleying" or countermarch drills were implemented. Volley fire is an organized implementation of firearms, where infantry are structured in ranks. The ranks will alternate between loading and firing positions, allowing more consistent rates of fire and preventing enemies from taking over a position while members reload. 2926:. They were primitive forts surrounded by ditches filled with water. Forts were then built out of mud bricks, stones, wood, and other available materials. Romans used rectangular fortresses built out of wood and stone. As long as there have been fortifications, there have been contraptions to break in, dating back to the times of 3906:

evolved and empires grew, the increased need for order and efficiency lead to an increase in the number of records and writings. Officials and armies would have good reason for keeping detailed records and accounts involving any and all things concerning a matter such as warfare that, in the words of

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In Japan, at the same time during the sixteenth-century, this military evolution was also taking hold. These changes included a universal adoption of firearms, tactical developments for effective use, logistical restructuring within the military itself, and "the emergence of centralized and political

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network based at Michigan State University. H-War has six coeditors, and an academic advisory board that sets policy. It sponsors daily moderated discussions of current topics, announcements of new publications and conferences, and reports on developments at conferences. The H-Net family of lists has

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Korea also seemed to be adapting the volley technique, earlier than even the Japanese. "Koreans seem to have employed some kind of volley principle with guns by 1447, when the Korean King Sejong the Great instructed his gunners to shoot their 'fire barrels' in squads of five, taking turns firing and

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Curators debate how or whether the goal of providing diverse representations of war, in terms of positive and negative aspects of warfare. War is seldom presented as a good thing, but soldiers are heavily praised. David Lowenthal has observed that in today's museums, "nothing seems too horrendous to

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studied the influence of a historian's political position on current events on interpretive disagreement regarding the causes of 20th century wars. He surveyed the ideological preferences of 109 active diplomatic historians in the United States as well as 54 active military historians. He finds that

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As guns and artillery became more advanced and prevalent, so to did the tactics by which they were implemented. According to Historian Michael Roberts "...a military revolution began with the broad adoption of firearms and artillery by late sixteenth-century European armies." Infantry with firearms

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Written works from the Cabinet des Titres of the Imperial Library of Paris has found evidence of canons in France in 1338. The works illustrate canons being used on-board ships at the Rouen during that time. "...an iron Fire-arm, which was provided with forty-eight bolts, made of iron and freather;

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notes "all the long preparations and tentative experiments were made in China, and everything came to Islam and the West fully fledged, whether it was the fire lance or the explosive bomb, the rocket or the metal-barrel handgun and bombard." By the 1320s Europe had guns, but scholars state that the

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argued the Chinese were able to destroy buildings and walls using such devices. Such experimentation was not present in Western Europe, where the combination of saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal were used exclusively for explosives and as a propellant in firearms. What the Chinese often referred to as

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would recognize the combat that our soldiers and Marines have waged in the alleys of Somalia and Iraq. The uniforms evolve, bronze gives way to titanium, arrows may be replaced by laser-guided bombs, but the heart of the matter is still killing your enemies until any survivors surrender and do your

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The Military Revolution is a conceptual schema for explaining the transformation of European military strategy, tactics and technology in the early modern period. The argument is that dramatic advances in technology, government finance, and public administration transformed and modernized European

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The successors of Caesar—Octavian and Mark Anthony—also fought a civil war with Caesar's assassins (Senators Brutus, Cassius, etc.). Octavian and Mark Anthony eventually fought another civil war between themselves to determine the sole ruler of Rome. Octavian emerged victorious and Rome was turned

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is the history of militaries: their conquests, their movements, and their technological innovations. There are many reasons for this. Kingdoms and empires, the central units of control in the ancient world, could only be maintained through military force. Due to limited agricultural ability, there

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as early as the 4th century, at first as experiments for life force and metal transmutation, and later experiments as pyrotechnics and incendiaries. By the 10th century, the developments in gunpowder led to many new weapons that were improved over time. The Chinese used incendiary devices based on

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One military historian, Jeremy Black, outlined problems 21st-century military historians face as an inheritance of their predecessors: Eurocentricity, a technological bias, a focus on leading military powers and dominant military systems, the separation of land from sea and recently air conflicts,

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In recent decades University level courses in military history remain popular; often they use films to humanize the combat experience. For example, Eugene P. A. Scleh, history professor at the University of Maine, has explored the advantages and problems of teaching a course of "Modern War and Its

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writings pertaining to the Trojan War, or even personal writings. Indeed, the earliest stories center on warfare, as war was both a common and dramatic aspect of life; the witnessing of a major battle involving many thousands of soldiers would be quite a spectacle, even today, and thus considered

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was able to surmise the approximate size of these cannons by comparing receipts for both the firearms and the corresponding amounts of gunpowder purchased. The receipts show a transaction for "25 Livres for 5 canons." Brackenbury was able to deduce, when comparing the costs of the cannons and the

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People interested in military history from all periods of time, and all subtopics, are increasingly turning to the Internet for many more resources than are typically available in nearby libraries. Since 1993, one of the most popular sites, with over 4000 members (subscriptions are free) has been

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Military museums specialize in military histories; they are often organized from a national point of view, where a museum in a particular country will have displays organized around conflicts in which that country has taken part. They typically take a broad view of warfare's role in the nation's

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This branch of our discipline flourishes in an intellectual ghetto. The 144 books in question fall into two distinct classes: works aimed at a popular readership, written by journalists and men of letters outside academic circles, and professional work nearly always produced within the military

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Historical evidence shows that Oda Nobunaga implemented his volley technique successfully in 1575, twenty years before evidence of such a technique is shown in Europe. The first indications of the countermarch technique in Europe was by Lord William Louis of Nassau (1538–1574) in the mid-1590s.

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died in 1451, Mehmed once again became Sultan. He turned his attention to claiming the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. Mehmed, like Philip, started mass-producing cannons by enticing craftsmen to his cause with money and freedom. For 55 days, Constantinople was bombarded with artillery fire,

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The discipline of military history is dynamic, changing with development as much of the subject area as the societies and organisations that make use of it. The dynamic nature of the discipline of military history is largely due to the rapid change of military forces, and the art and science of

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According to Peter Fraser Purton, the best evidence of the earliest gun in Europe is the Loshult gun, dated to the fourteenth century. Discovered in 1861, the Loshult was made of bronze measured 11.8 inches in length. A replica of the Loshult was created, using similar gunpowder compounds with

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An illustration of a "pot-shaped gun" found in the Holkham Hall Milemete manuscript dated to 1326 shows earliest advent of firearms in European history. The illustration shows an arrow, set in the pot-shaped gun pointed directly at a structure. Archaeological evidence of such "gun arrows" were

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is the study of the history and method of the discipline of history or the study of a specialised topic. In this case, military history with an eye to gaining an accurate assessment of conflicts using all available sources. For this reason military history is periodised, creating overlaying

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boundaries of study and analysis in which descriptions of battles by leaders may be unreliable due to the inclination to minimize mention of failure and exaggerate success. Military historians use Historiographical analysis in an effort to allow an unbiased, contemporary view of records.

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exact time and method of migration from China remains a mystery. Evidence of firearms is found in Iran and Central Asia in the late fourteenth century. It was not until roughly 1442 that guns were referenced in India. Reliable references to guns in Russia begins around 1382.

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Professional historians normally focus on military affairs that had a major impact on the societies involved as well as the aftermath of conflicts, while amateur historians and hobbyists often take a larger interest in the details of battles, equipment and uniforms in use.

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seeks to not repeat past mistakes, and improve upon its current performance by instilling an ability in commanders to perceive historical parallels during a battle, so as to capitalize on the lessons learned from the past. When certifying military history instructors the

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New weapons development can dramatically alter the face of war, the cost of warfare, the preparations, and the training of soldiers and leaders. A rule of thumb is that if your enemy has a potentially war winning weapon, you have to either match it or neutralize it.

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This all brought an end to the dominance of armored cavalry on the battlefield. The simultaneous decline of the feudal system—and the absorption of the medieval city-states into larger states—allowed the creation of professional standing armies to replace the

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originated around 2000 BC. The chariot was an effective, fast weapon; while one man controlled the maneuvering of the chariot, a second bowman could shoot arrows at enemy soldiers. These became crucial to the maintenance of several governments, including the

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Since the 1940s, preparation for a major war has been based on technological arms races involving all sorts of new weapons systems, such as nuclear and biological, as well as computerized control systems, and the opening of new venues, such as seen in the

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Such items were also considered signs of prosperity or virtue, and thus were likely to be placed in tombs and monuments to prominent warriors. And writing, when it existed, was often used for kings to boast of military conquests or victories.

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World War II gave rise to even more technology. The worth of aircraft grew from mostly reconnaissance to strategic bombing and more. The worth of the aircraft carrier was proved in the battles between the United States and Japan like the

2258:. Its four issues a year include scholarly articles reviews of new books, and a bibliography of new publications and dissertations. The Society has 2300 members, holds an annual convention, and gives out prizes for the best scholarship. 3465:, "dated by relation to a historical event (a feud with the Archbishop of Trier in 1331–36 leading to a siege), seem to confirm again that this was at least one of the types of guns like the Milemete used in these very early examples." 2304:

Of historians in the field of diplomatic history, 7% are Socialist, 19% are Other, 53% are Liberal, 11% are None and 10% Conservative. Of military historians, 0% are Socialist, 8% are Other, 35% are Liberal, 18% are None and 40% are

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armies, tactics, and logistics. Since warfare was so central to the European state, the transformation had a major impact on modernizing government bureaucracies, taxation, and the national economy. The concept was introduced by

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establishment.... The study of military history in universities remains seriously underdeveloped. Indeed, lack of interest in and disdain for military history probably constitute one of the strangest prejudices of the profession.

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was often crucial to military success. Early navies used sailing ships without cannons; often the goal was to ram the enemy ships and cause them to sink. There was human oar power, often using slaves, built up to ramming speed.

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then erupted between the two Greek powers Athens and Sparta. Athens built a long wall to protect its inhabitants, but the wall helped to facilitate the spread of a plague that killed about 30,000 Athenians, including

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followers invented various siege weapons and siegecraft, including the Cloud Ladder (a four-wheeled, extendable ramp) to scale fortified walls during a siege of an enemy city. The warring states were first unified by

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could only see from high points on the ground, or from the mast of a ship. Now they could be high in the sky, signalling to troops on the ground. This made it much more difficult for troop movements to go unobserved.

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Robert J. Bunker and Pamela Ligouri Bunker, "The modern state in epochal transition: The significance of irregular warfare, state deconstruction, and the rise of new warfighting entities beyond neo-medievalism."

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Writing, when used by the common man, also tended to record such events, as major battles and conquests constituted major events that many would have considered worthy of recording either in an epic such as the

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Images" entirely through films. Students said they found the documentaries more valuable than the dramas. However, military historians are frustrated by their marginal status in major history departments.

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and Alexander the Great, invaded Persia and won several major victories, establishing Macedonia as a major power. However, following Alexander's death at an early age, the empire quickly fell apart.

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were proof of concept but impractical until further development. In World War I, the British and French held a crucial advantage due to their superiority in tanks; the Germans had only a few dozen A

2225:(RMA) which attempts to explain how warfare has been shaped by emerging technologies, such as gunpowder. It highlights the short outbursts of rapid change followed by periods of relative stability. 8116: 2320:

sponsored and published over 46,000 scholarly book reviews, thousands of which deal with books in military history broadly conceived. Knowledge itself has a very wide coverage of military history,

8201: 10000: 9640: 9156: 9435: 9380: 8920: 9395: 9375: 9347: 9304: 9203: 9199: 8746: 7417: 3453: 10040: 9314: 3147:. The first cannons were simply welded metal bars in the form of a cylinder, and the first cannonballs were made of stone. By 1346, at the Battle of Crécy, the cannon had been used; at the 9415: 9370: 8221: 5180:

A distinctive feature since 1945 is the absence of wars between major powers—indeed the near absence of any traditional wars between established countries. The major exceptions were the

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If these challenges were not sufficient for military historians, the limits of method are complicated by the lack of records, either destroyed or never recorded due to their value as a

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Kimball, Jeffrey. "The Influence of Ideology on Interpretive Disagreement: A Report on a Survey of Diplomatic, Military and Peace Historians on the Causes of 20th Century U. S. Wars",

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replaced cavalry. Empires adapted their strongholds to withstand artillery fire. Eventually drilling strategies and battlefield tactics were adapted for the evolution in firearms use.

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Jeffrey Kimball, "The Influence of Ideology on Interpretive Disagreement: A Report on a Survey of Diplomatic, Military and Peace Historians on the Causes of 20th Century U. S. Wars",

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At the start of the World Wars, various nations had developed weapons that were a surprise to their adversaries, leading to a need to learn from this, and alter how to combat them.

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The fire lance, the predecessor of the gun, was invented in China between the tenth and eleventh century. The barrel was originally designed out of bamboo shoots, later with metal.

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militaries were forever changed. This invention coupled with technological, cultural, and social developments had forced a dramatic transformation in the character of warfare from

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were first used in warfare at the end of the 18th century. It was first introduced in Paris of 1783; the first balloon traveled over 5 miles (8 km). Previously military

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Robin D.S. Yates, "New Light on Ancient Chinese Military Texts: Notes on Their Nature and Evolution, and the Development of Military Specialization in Warring States China."

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The concept of a military revolution in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has received a mixed reception among historians. Noted military historians Michael Duffy and

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For settled agrarian civilizations, the infantry became the core of military action. The infantry started as opposing armed groups of soldiers underneath commanders. The

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had risen and conquered the Chen dynasty of the south. They invaded Vietnam (northern Vietnam had been in Chinese control since the Han dynasty), fighting the troops of

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during the end of the Republic. Caesar was also notable for his role in the civil war against the other member of the Triumvirate (Pompey) and against the Roman Senate.

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this in siege warfare against the Mongols starting in the mid 13th century. "Pots with wicks of flax or cotton were used, containing a combination of sulfur, saltpeter (

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Similar patterns of warfare existed in other parts of the world. In China around the 5th century armies moved from massed infantry to cavalry based forces, copying the

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exploded into the public consciousness in World War I but may have been used in earlier wars without as much human attention. The Germans used gas-filled shells at the

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of 1990–91. Instead actual fighting has largely been a matter of civil wars and insurgencies. The most recent example of a war between two nation states would be the

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on January 3, 1915. These were not lethal, however. In April 1915, the Germans developed a chlorine gas that was highly lethal, and used it to moderate effect at the

10103: 8900: 3752:, both nations attempted to launch human beings into space, to the moon and send satellites. Other technological advances were centered on intelligence (like the 9623: 3174:. Starting about 1500, clever but complicated firing mechanisms were invented to generate sparks to ignite the powder instead of a lit match, starting with the 2321: 12531: 5380: 3768:

was invented in 1955. This meant submarines no longer needed to surface as often, and could run more quietly. They evolved into underwater missile platforms.

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were sometimes deployed for fighting in ancient warfare. They were first used in India and later adopted by the Persians. War elephants were also used in the

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were the first military forces in history. This warrior statuette demonstrates that military culture was an important part of historical societies, c.480 BC,

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While successfully dealing with foreign opponents, Rome experienced numerous civil wars, notably the power struggles of Roman generals such as Marius and

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gained fame. In 1911 an aircraft took off from a warship for the first time. Landings on a cruiser were another matter. This led to the development of an

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Illustration of an "eruptor", a proto-cannon, capable of firing cast-iron bombs filled with gunpowder, from the 14th century Ming dynasty book Huolongjing

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deemphasizes rote detail memorization and focuses on themes and context in relation to current and future conflict, using the motto "Past is Prologue."

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explores the moral dimensions of warfare, and to better limit the destructive reality caused by war, seeks to establish a doctrine of military ethics.

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were a major component of many ancient armies, notably those of the Persians, Scythians, Egyptians, Nubians, Indians, Chinese, Koreans and Japanese.

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is the oldest evidence of a large scale battle in Europe. More than 4,000 warriors fought in a battle on the site in the 13th century BC.

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were invented by General Franco in the Spanish Civil War, directing the Nationalists to use them against Soviet tanks in the assault on Toledo. The

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In terms of the history profession in major countries, military history is an orphan, despite its enormous popularity with the general public.

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Empire. After the decline of central imperial authority, the Han dynasty collapsed into an era of civil war and continuous warfare during the

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and Rome started with an advantage to Carthage because of their naval experience. A Roman fleet was built in 261 BC, with the addition of the

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As weapons—particularly small arms—became easier to use, countries began to abandon a complete reliance on professional soldiers in favor of

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Over the course of the 18th–19th centuries all military arms and services underwent significant developments that included a more mobile

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worthy both of being recorded in song and art, but also in realistic histories, as well as being a central element in a fictional work.

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HM Iftekhar Jaim, and Jasmine Jaim, "The Decisive Nature of the Indian War Rocket in the Anglo-Mysore Wars of the Eighteenth Century."

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culture. Their pacifism left the Moriori unable to defend themselves when the islands were invaded by mainland Māori in the 1830s.

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V tanks, as well as 170 captured tanks. The British and French both had several hundred each. The French tanks included the 13 ton

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were used. Ships were filled with flammable materials, set on fire, and sent to enemy lines. This tactic was successfully used by

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was used in industrial warfare, the objective being to prevent the opposing nation to engage in war. Napoleon was the innovator.

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gunpowder apportioned, that they each iron cannon weighed approximately 25 lbs, while the brass cannons weighed roughly 22 lbs.

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After defeating Carthage the Romans went on to become the Mediterranean's dominant power, successfully campaigning in Greece, (

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conquered most of Eurasia. They took over China, Persia, Turkestan, and Russia. After Kublai Khan took power and created the

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from the 12th century also became important in the Middle Ages. It helped to give the English a large early advantage in the

2411:. The U.S. Army and the state National Guards operate 98 military history museums across the United States and three abroad. 71: 7206:

Chambers, John Whiteclay. "‘All Quiet on the Western Front’ (1930): the antiwar film and the image of the First World War."

10526: 10294: 10263: 9733: 9664: 8417: 5625: 4281:, much of Central Asia, and parts of Greece, India and Libya. The empire later fell to Alexander the Great after defeating 4543: 12678: 11173: 11124: 10273: 10051: 9929: 9919: 9709: 9555: 8705: 8610: 7850: 7845: 7656: 7489:

Reid, Brian Holden, and Joseph G. Dawson III, eds., "Special Issue: The Vistas of American Military History, 1800–1898",

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In Japan, the Medieval warfare period is considered by many to have stretched into the 19th century. In Africa along the

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Raphael, Kate (2009). "Mongol Siege Warfare on the Banks of the Euphrates and the Question of Gunpowder (1260–1312)".

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performed the first controlled, powered, heavier-than-air flight; it went 39 meters (120 ft). In 1907, the first

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Researchers have been unable to determine the sizes of these cannons and others, outside the artifacts recovered. Sir

9738: 9704: 9689: 8278: 8262: 7997: 7981: 7955: 7815: 7810: 5292: 5287: 3392: 3266:, it could cruise at a depth of 15 feet (5 m). However, the first military submarine was constructed in 1885 by 2349: 2292:

organization, tactical and strategic ideas, leadership, and national support of the militaries of different nations.

1515: 118: 52: 9792: 7345:

Lee, Wayne E. "Mind and Matter – Cultural Analysis in American Military History: A Look at the State of the Field",

6933:

The Shortest History of War: From Hunter-Gatherers to Nuclear Superpowers – A Retelling for Our Times

5766:

Barton C. Hacker, "Military institutions, weapons, and social change: Toward a new history of military technology."

4842:, the divisions of the empire ceased to cooperate with each other, and the Mongol Empire was only nominally united. 4238:

The Han defeated and drove the Xiongnus west, securing the city-states along the silk route that continued into the

13409: 12700: 10361: 10077: 9753: 9716: 9589: 9460: 9070: 8625: 7560: 5497: 5267: 5193: 2388: 1593: 17: 9914: 9860: 9721: 7450:

Noe, Kenneth W., George C. Rable and Carol Reardon. "Battle Histories: Reflections on Civil War Military Studies"

7336: 7295: 7275: 6777: 6715: 5710: 5470: 4783:, and collapsed due to political fragmentation of powerful regional military governors (jiedushi). The innovative 3499:

throwing cannonballs as large as 800 lbs at its walls. On May 29, 1453, Constantinople fell into Ottoman control.

85: 13345: 11620: 10516: 9820: 9802: 9635: 9294: 9075: 8550: 8545: 8440: 8196: 7905: 7583: 7319: 5783: 3373: 3069:

are excellent examples of how to destroy an enemy using a longbow. It dominated battlefields for over a century.

1938: 1576: 1363: 208: 13433: 7240:

Gill, John H. "From Great Captains to Common Grognards: research opportunities in Napoleonic military history."

5791: 13302: 12956: 12797: 11539: 10984: 10437: 10388: 10258: 10206: 10179: 9941: 9538: 8945: 8880: 8670: 8645: 8460: 8450: 7840: 7825: 7745: 7710: 7380: 7028: 4921: 2900:, in the 8th century AD, invented a ship propelled by oars with a dragon decorating the prow, hence called the 2529: 2234: 2222: 2193: 1702: 56: 11168: 12909: 12765: 10967: 9777: 9669: 9543: 9264: 8756: 8630: 8510: 8294: 6003: 5104: 4807: 4156:, in which several states continued to fight with each other over territory. Philosopher-strategists such as 2173:

The essential subjects of military history study are the causes of war, the social and cultural foundations,

2119: 1566: 67: 10113: 13250: 13160: 12712: 12422: 11678: 11279: 11230: 10652: 10521: 10010: 9110: 8935: 8910: 8650: 8605: 8575: 8475: 8255: 8021: 7974: 7865: 6615: 5871: 5262: 4285:. After being ruled by the Seleucid dynasty, the Persian Empire was subsequently ruled by the Parthian and 4118: 2792: 2634: 2510: 2395:, the "D-Day Paratroopers Historical Center" (Normandy) for WWII airborne, or more generalist, such as the 2251: 2140: 2056: 760: 520: 9870: 6626: 4999:

to the rifle that replaced the musket, and virtual replacement of all types of cavalry with the universal

3213:, and would later be used by the Chinese, Russians, Greeks, and several other countries in naval battles. 12802: 12522: 12427: 12200: 12102: 11569: 11419: 10989: 10858: 10706: 10087: 10055: 10005: 9813: 9763: 9654: 9250: 9234: 9095: 9065: 9035: 9015: 8980: 8925: 8845: 8675: 8590: 8570: 8445: 8319: 8081: 7915: 7870: 7820: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7775: 7770: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7735: 7715: 7705: 7700: 7571: 7361: 7199: 7163: 5303: 5297: 5282: 5047: 5039: 3792: 3248: 2516: 2380: 2368: 2296: 2066: 1253: 1055: 926: 464: 9531: 7595:

Wolters, Timothy S. "Harvey A. DeWeerd and the Dawn of Academic Military History in the United States."

7287:

Karsten, Peter. "The 'New' American Military History: A Map of the Territory, Explored and Unexplored",

7228: 2746:, and other various steppe people were especially fearsome with this tactic. By the 3rd–4th century AD, 12633: 12608: 11061: 10972: 10943: 10236: 9969: 9743: 9100: 8850: 8831: 8815: 8720: 8655: 8620: 8535: 8525: 8485: 8465: 8304: 8086: 8031: 7940: 7910: 7900: 7890: 7880: 7875: 7860: 7855: 7780: 7765: 7740: 7679: 5277: 5272: 5181: 4956: 4611: 4383: 4073:

are centered on conflicts and refer to military formations, theories of warfare and esoteric weaponry.

3637: 2158:, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to 1530: 10192: 7460:

Porch, Douglas. "Writing History in the 'End of History' Era: Reflections on Historians and the GWOT"

2680:

from their neighbors which made them extremely successful in the field of battle. The kingdoms of the

2132: 13460: 13455: 13064: 12792: 12273: 11781: 11658: 11119: 11109: 11087: 10955: 10901: 10759: 10716: 10381: 9319: 8985: 8915: 8640: 8595: 8530: 8505: 8495: 8480: 8071: 7950: 7895: 7830: 7800: 7695: 7621:– from Michigan State University Department of History, H-Net Humanities & Social Sciences Online 7404: 7328:

Kohn, Richard H. "The Social History of the American Soldier: A Review and Prospectus for Research",

7111:

Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection

5549:

http://www.historyassociates.com/blog/historical-research-blog/researching-iraq-and-afghanistan-wars/

4677:

began rapidly expanding throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia, initially led by

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in East Asia also adopted infantry combat, a transition from chariot warfare from centuries earlier.

2274:

the focus on state-to-state conflict, a lack of focus on political "tasking" in how forces are used.

1640: 1148: 497: 371: 225: 7720: 6213: 3748:

which comprised the making of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and more advanced nuclear bombs. In the

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As an applied field, military history has been studied at academies and service schools because the

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P.R.S. Moorey, "The emergence of the light, horse‐drawn chariot in the Near‐East c. 2000–1500 BC."

5603: 5237: 5100: 5054: 4745: 4636:. The Middle East and North Africa used similar, if often more advanced, technologies than Europe. 4387: 2462: 2400: 2384: 2198: 2091: 1958: 1505: 1198: 1016: 864: 6176: 5671: 5640:

Richard Jensen, "Military history on the electronic frontier: Knowledge fights the War of 1812."

3574:

called the First Great East Asian War, when Japan was trying to take control and subjugate Korea.

2870:

helped to build up a stronger Greek navy, composed of 310 ships, and defeated the Persians at the

2568: 2403:. For the Italian alpine wall one can find the most popular museum of bunkers in the small museum 13428: 13207: 13095: 12990: 12693: 12379: 10863: 10632: 10538: 10187: 5951: 4566: 4497: 4478: 4055: 2677: 2206: 2163: 2044: 2026: 1782: 1341: 1263: 1208: 806: 469: 45: 9562: 9526: 7523: 6978: 4516:. The battle was one of the worst defeats suffered by the Roman Republic in its entire history. 3166:

was ignited by a lit match or hot coal held in the other hand. In the mid-15th century came the

2620:

Some of the military unit types and technologies which were developed in the ancient world are:

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Jeremy Black, "A Military Revolution? A 1660–1792 Perspective", pp. 95–115; and Michael Duffy,

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were relatively few areas that could support large communities, therefore fighting was common.

3710: 3694: 3633: 3431: 1911: 1886: 1608: 1520: 1393: 1268: 869: 846: 292: 191: 7513:

The Military Revolution Debate: Readings On The Military Transformation Of Early Modern Europe

6683:

The Military Revolution Debate: Readings on the Military Transformation of Early Modern Europe

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The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000

3490:

Large artillery was a major contributing factor to the fall of Constantinople at the hands of

92: 13240: 13230: 13192: 13165: 13127: 13100: 13010: 12919: 12838: 12828: 12574: 12185: 12152: 12060: 11893: 11688: 11441: 11316: 10879: 10642: 10337: 8808: 7624: 5781:

Mary Aiken Littauer, "The military use of the chariot in the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age."

5545:

Documenting Shock and Awe: Researching Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom

5424: 5227: 4992: 4599: 4361: 4274: 4262: 4153: 3311:

Organizational changes resulting in better training and intercommunication, made the concept

3144: 3058: 2958:

Some of the military unit types and technologies which were used in the medieval period are:

2803:

against the Romans. One of the most important military transactions of the ancient world was

2681: 2467: 2214: 2210: 1500: 1433: 1386: 1040: 1003: 966: 884: 836: 720: 530: 338: 247: 9954: 7018:

The complete soldier: military books and military culture in early Stuart England, 1603-1645

6681:

Jeremy Black, "A Military Revolution? A 1660-1792 Perspective", in Clifford J. Rogers, ed.,

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also one pound of saltpetre and half a pound of sulphur to make the powder propel arrows."

3170:, allowing the gun to be aimed and fired while held steady with both hands, as used in the 3078: 2755: 2606: 1891: 1793: 1650: 1645: 1463: 1428: 1163: 983: 841: 777: 631: 601: 198: 7063:

The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization

6501:

Aircraft carriers: a graphic history of carrier aviation and its influence on world events

2889:

that allowed Roman soldiers to board enemy ships. The bridge would prove effective at the

2250:

Academic historians concerned with military topics have their own scholarly organization,

8: 13367: 13361: 13287: 13202: 13147: 13022: 12887: 12833: 12740: 12175: 12132: 12027: 11813: 11803: 11751: 11653: 11643: 11593: 11564: 10938: 10559: 10554: 10442: 9830: 8730: 8403: 8360: 7885: 7350: 5966: 5898: 5075: 5016: 4967: 4615: 4482: 4368: 4122: 4110: 3919: 3892: 3888: 3838: 3782: 3594: 3551: 3284: 3187: 3148: 3066: 2804: 2759: 2708: 2697: 2489: 2396: 2341: 2289: 1742: 1727: 1603: 1490: 1468: 1443: 1403: 1313: 1123: 1028: 978: 745: 735: 700: 492: 482: 252: 176: 10152: 9567: 7432:

Ways of War: American Military History from the Colonial Era to the Twenty-First Century

7428:

Ways of War: American Military History from the Colonial Era to the Twenty-First Century

7077:

A Global History of Pre-Modern Warfare: Before the Rise of the West, 10,000 BCE–1500 CE.

6585:"Recently Deciphered 4,500-Year-Old Pillar Shows First Known Record of a Border Dispute" 6120:

The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History

5645: 4666:

was firmly implanted, and there existed many landlords in Europe. Landlords often owned

3445: 3219:

were invented in the 17th century, though they were not used in great numbers until the

2367:, among others. A military museum may be dedicated to a particular or area, such as the 13312: 12877: 12442: 12258: 12170: 12137: 12003: 11978: 11878: 11863: 11848: 11808: 11776: 11648: 11499: 11458: 11247: 10689: 10482: 9875: 9659: 7518:

Sharman, Jason C. "Myths of military revolution: European expansion and Eurocentrism."

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Grimsley, Mark. "Why Military History Sucks", Nov. 1996, War Historian.org, online at

5689:

Andrew Whitmarsh, "'We Will Remember Them': Memory and Commemoration in War Museums."

5670:

R. Cody Phillips,, "The Guide to US Army Museums" (Center for Military History, 2005)

4595: 3809: 3062: 2704:, the well-trained Syracusan cavalry became crucial to the success of the Syracusans. 13282: 13277: 13265: 13260: 13132: 13122: 13042: 12985: 12929: 12673: 12583: 12263: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12210: 12142: 12112: 12092: 11741: 11683: 11506: 11367: 11259: 11235: 11225: 11180: 10896: 10853: 10796: 10721: 10487: 10027: 8785: 7549: 7542:

Schleh, Eugene P. "All Quiet on the Western Front: A History Teacher's Reappraisal."

7472: 7359:

Lynn, John A. "Rally Once Again: The Embattled Future of Academic Military History",

7178: 7135: 6916: 6900: 6895: 6875: 6467: 6443: 6395: 6319: 6123: 6082: 5808: 5725: 5486: 5462:

John A. Lynn, "Rally Once Again: The Embattled Future of Academic Military History",

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employed Medieval tactics and weapons well after they had been supplanted in Europe.

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Reid, Brian Holden. "American Military History: the Need for Comparative Analysis."

5174: 3376:, in 1844, was able to develop a better rocket. The new rocket no longer needed the 3143:

were first used in Europe in the early 14th century, and played a vital role in the

3083: 3045:

were often used by combatants. Egyptians shot arrows from chariots effectively. The

2711:

effectively deployed his cavalry forces to secure victories. In battles such as the

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Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance

6464:

A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War

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wrote various manuscripts on ancient warfare (as well as international diplomacy).

4051: 4040: 3994: 3967: 3788: 3722: 3702: 3686: 3680: 3632:

were first used in the First World War. The French were the first to introduce the

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and mercenaries that had been the standard military component of the Middle Ages.

4763:, the Sui collapsed and was followed by the Tang dynasty, who fought with various 4001:

was the center of several prehistoric conquests. Mesopotamia was conquered by the

2355:

history. They typically include displays of weapons and other military equipment,

2174: 13307: 13074: 13069: 12882: 12688: 12683: 12354: 12349: 12268: 12248: 12077: 11998: 11983: 11929: 11888: 11756: 11494: 11426: 11220: 10736: 10674: 10664: 10637: 10602: 10327: 9901: 9577: 7687: 7590: 7564: 7530: 7469:

Soldiers and Scholars: The U.S. Army and the Uses of Military History, 1865–1920.

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Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies

5348:"Military History Instructor Course (MHIC) | US Army Combined Arms Center" 5311: 5213: 5136: 5043: 4929: 4925: 4862: 4768: 4764: 4725: 4644: 4509: 4435: 4243: 4218: 4133:

and unify Northern India. Most of Southern Asia was unified under his grandson

3931: 3814: 3761: 3586: 3349: 3280: 3244: 3206: 3133: 3042: 2763: 2661: 2624: 2266: 2071: 1819: 1243: 1203: 1181: 1168: 1158: 1128: 1045: 998: 801: 792: 683: 636: 616: 606: 576: 543: 431: 388: 343: 215: 148: 9219: 7379:(Routledge, 2001), 948 pp; detailed guide to the historiography of 500 topics 6422:

Stavros, Matthew (October 2013). "Military Revolution in Early Modern Japan".

6143: 6066: 5584: 4831: 4827: 2908:

invented ships with watertight bulkhead compartments while the 2nd century BC

13449: 13373: 13329: 13292: 13222: 13197: 13107: 13005: 12951: 12946: 12643: 12412: 12122: 12087: 11973: 11966: 11934: 11883: 11858: 11833: 11615: 11581: 11487: 11350: 11323: 11304: 11016: 10823: 10659: 10499: 10472: 10201: 8800: 8779: 7648: 6904: 6115: 5836: 5257: 5252: 5165:. Many of the technologies commonly seen on main battle tanks today, such as 4933: 4780: 4741: 4652: 4462: 4411: 4181: 4145: 4130: 3915: 3903: 3753: 3649: 3629: 3571: 3516: 3331: 3312: 3288: 3202: 3108: 2982: 2951: 2931: 2915: 2825: 2770: 2747: 2668:. The Macedonians and Hellenistic states would adopt phalanx formations with 2610: 2155: 1918: 1906: 1762: 1682: 1598: 1581: 1438: 1293: 1273: 956: 951: 931: 911: 826: 797: 772: 648: 626: 611: 586: 426: 348: 311: 306: 203: 6375: 6358: 4591: 2942: 2427:

The documentation of military history begins with the confrontation between

13172: 13112: 12860: 12818: 12729: 12472: 12344: 12319: 12022: 11941: 11516: 11384: 11374: 11335: 11311: 11056: 10781: 10679: 8395: 7197:

Chambers II, John Whiteclay. "The New Military History: Myth and Reality",

7168: 6997: 6908: 5158: 5124: 5082: 4959:, was the first African commander to use gunpowder on the continent in the 4941: 4917: 4902: 4877: 4839: 4823: 4784: 4744:

centuries later, until the Arab Empire eventually came to an end after the

4729: 4709:

then took over the Arab Empire, though the Umayyads remained in control of

4570: 4470: 4329: 4290: 4200: 4149: 4088: 4079: 3983: 3617: 3554:

in 1575. Key to Oda success during the battle was the deployment of 10,000

3546: 3540: 3038: 2987: 2927: 2905: 2867: 2788: 2731: 2614: 2561: 2105: 2031: 2011: 2006: 1901: 1846: 1480: 1475: 1298: 1213: 961: 695: 596: 393: 297: 9452: 7445:

The Past as Prologue: The Importance of History to the Military Profession

7082:

De Salazar, Gonzalo, "War, Peace and Civilization" , (Madrid: MAEC, 2016).

4316:. The Greeks successfully stopped two Persian invasions, the first at the 4184:

after a series of military conquests, creating the first empire in China.

3787:

Prehistoric warfare refers to war that occurred between societies without

13324: 13212: 13137: 13054: 12973: 12966: 12823: 12648: 12324: 12107: 11913: 11843: 11544: 11291: 11011: 10806: 10749: 10684: 10669: 10592: 9582: 8789: 7002: 5702:

Otto Mayr, "The 'Enola Gay' Fiasco: History, Politics, and the Museum."

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involving the United States, the Soviet Union, and more recently, China.

4854: 4845:

In New Zealand, prior to European discovery, oral histories, legends and

4835: 4752: 4737: 4702: 4557:, and other barbaric groups invaded Rome, which continued to suffer from 4535: 4192: 4188: 4138: 4063: 3998: 3971: 3726: 3714: 3590: 3520: 3462: 3400: 3361: 3334:

introduced the bayonet to the French army. They were used heavily in the

3267: 3236: 3216: 3159: 3155: 3050: 2972: 2909: 2774: 2408: 2392: 2016: 1767: 1732: 1571: 1258: 1223: 936: 879: 782: 566: 287: 282: 7557: 7104:

Weapons and Warfare: From Ancient and Medieval Times to the 21st Century

6865:

Timelines of War: A Chronology of Warfare from 100,000 BC to the Present

6840:

Archer, I. John R. Ferris, Holger H. Herwig, and Timothy H. E. Travers.

6074: 5494: 5411:

The Past Before Us: Contemporary Historical Writing in the United States

4538:

in the east and controlled Northern Africa and Central Europe up to the

4434:

invaded Carthage, Hannibal was forced to follow and was defeated at the

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The Great War in History Debates and Controversies, 1914 to the Present

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De Salazar, Gonzalo, "Crime and Armed Conflict" , (Madrid: MAEC, 2018).

6774: 6712: 5975: 5845: 5707: 5512:

John Whiteclay Chambers, "The new military history: myth and reality."

5467: 5143: 5057:

have strongly criticised it as misleading, exaggerated and simplistic.

4788: 4710: 4562: 4474: 4403: 4305: 4270: 4114: 3955: 3749: 3718: 3676: 3668: 3602: 3536:

and institutional relationships indicative of the early modern order."

3240: 3210: 3175: 2967: 2673: 2577: 2476: 2448: 2360: 2336: 2282: 1973: 1943: 1665: 1034: 12658: 7316: 6758:

The first total war: Napoleon's Europe and the birth of modern warfare

6212:. California Center for Military History. May 18, 2006. Archived from 6000: 5906: 5788: 4995:

to open order formations and the transfer of emphasis from the use of

3227:

and Second World Wars. Air-deployed naval mines were used to mine the

13152: 13049: 12978: 12872: 12845: 12334: 12307: 11798: 11736: 11453: 11242: 11156: 11141: 10979: 10813: 10771: 10582: 10065: 6021:"A Crossbow Mechanism with Some Unique Features from Shandong, China" 5409:

William H McNeill, "Modern European History" in Michael Kammen, ed.,

5096: 5026: 4949: 4913: 4846: 4792: 4787:

followed next, inventing new weapons of war that employed the use of

4690: 4674: 4663: 4623: 4574: 4558: 4539: 4513: 4399: 4398:

Meanwhile, Rome was gaining power, following a rebellion against the

4203:, and proto-Vietnamese Nanyue. They also came into conflict with the 4157: 4094: 4084: 4010: 3316: 3259: 3198: 3183: 3167: 3129: 3116: 3032: 2997: 2962: 2919: 2739: 2573: 2472: 1963: 1787: 1737: 1687: 1677: 1672: 1537: 1328: 1323: 1288: 730: 416: 383: 272: 7130:

Barnett, Correlli, Shelford Bidwell, Brian Bond, and John Terraine.

6925:(1977), 1465 pp; comprehensive summary focused on wars and battles; 5917: 3137:

the "fire drug" arrived in Europe, fully fleshed out, as gunpowder.

34: 12653: 12314: 11868: 11716: 11254: 11031: 10962: 10754: 10607: 10565: 10422: 10404: 10373: 9483: 7618: 7615:

of the International Commission of Military History – from Brill.nl

7313: 6923:

The Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present

6769:

John Bennett Walters, "General William T. Sherman and Total War."

5657:

Stephen Wood, "Too serious a business to be left to military men""

5189: 5170: 5162: 5071: 5000: 4996: 4937: 4796: 4685:. While their attempts to invade Europe by way of the Balkans were 4659: 4607: 4534:, the Romans had expanded to the Atlantic Ocean in the west and to 4527:

into an empire with a huge standing army of professional soldiers.

4450: 4419: 4357: 4349: 4333: 4227: 4074: 4069: 3987: 3959: 3741: 3555: 3524: 3495: 3301: 3232: 3179: 3171: 3046: 3012: 3006: 2923: 2882: 2849: 2796: 2649: 2639: 2552: 2498: 2484: 2475:(484–425 BC) who is often called the "father of history". Next was 2178: 2159: 2136: 1978: 1953: 1586: 1218: 1193: 811: 366: 240: 13417: 12750: 7056:

The Allure of Battle: A History of How Wars Have Been Won and Lost

6567:"Slaughter at the bridge: Uncovering a colossal Bronze Age battle" 5161:, armored warfare technology came to a head with the start of the 4868:

They proceeded to massacre the Moriori and enslave the survivors.

4573:, western Rome collapsed and was eventually conquered in 476. The 4328:, a naval battle where the Greek ships were deployed by orders of 4083:

contains a detailed study on ancient warfare, including topics on

3841:

was one of the first wars in recorded history, fought between the

3360:

were successfully used militarily in India against the British by

3049:

was developed around 500 BC in China, and was used heavily in the

12899: 12065: 12055: 11873: 11818: 11511: 11474: 11397: 11379: 11362: 11345: 10996: 10950: 10791: 10764: 10617: 10612: 10587: 10457: 7132:

Old Battles and New Defences: Can We Learn from Military History?

6707:

Geoffrey Parker, "The Military Revolution, 1560–1660 – A Myth?"

5869:

Jeffrey Rop, "Reconsidering the Origin of the Scythed Chariot."

5823:

The encyclopedia of military history: from 3500 BC to the present

4869: 4776: 4706: 4619: 4239: 4204: 4161: 4099: 4022: 4014: 3979: 3951: 3939: 3923: 3908: 3876: 3854: 3415: 3327: 3323: 3054: 3022: 3017: 2947: 2897: 2863: 2834: 2819: 2743: 2705: 2693: 2687: 2669: 2654: 2644: 2629: 2601: 2585: 1988: 1948: 1712: 1546: 1542: 889: 874: 750: 411: 406: 376: 315: 277: 5426:

A Guide to British Military History: The Subject and the Sources

3436: 2508:(100–44 BC) enable a comparative approach for campaigns such as 12369: 12298: 12117: 12072: 11726: 11711: 11203: 10843: 10726: 10467: 10462: 7630: 6963:(3rd ed. 2006) 704 pp; very useful summary across world history 4819: 4756: 4721: 4667: 4630: 4313: 4309: 4301: 4212: 4176: 4172: 4134: 3963: 3935: 3896: 3860: 3846: 3441: 3191: 3140: 3027: 3002: 2992: 2901: 2853: 2844:

In 1210 BC, the first recorded naval battle was fought between

2830: 2548: 2540: 2480: 1495: 896: 713: 449: 7025:

Waging War: Conflict, Culture, and Innovation in World History

4031:

began growing as an ancient power, but eventually fell to the

12628: 12127: 11668: 11663: 11001: 10926: 7354: 7190:

Bucholz, Arden. "Hans Delbruck and Modern Military History."

6249:

Balloons at War: Gasbags, Flying Bombs & Cold War Secrets

4772: 4640: 4633: 4554: 4520: 4406:, the Romans defeated the neighboring power of Carthage. The 4391: 4266: 4258: 4103: 4102:(right) and Persian warrior depicted fighting, on an ancient 4036: 4032: 4028: 4002: 3864: 3842: 3818: 3706: 3384: 3091: 2838: 2544: 2457: 2452: 2444: 2428: 2316: 971: 507: 502: 6041:

Gunpowder, explosives and the state: a technological history

3190:, which was simple and reliable, becoming standard with the 2404: 11114: 10577: 10572: 7610: 7213:

Charters, David A., Marc Milner, and J. Brent Wilson. eds.

6696:

The Military Revolution in Early Modern Europe, a Revision,

5150: 4728:

stopped short a Muslim invasion. The Abassids defeated the

4458: 4423: 4208: 4196: 4168: 4044: 4018: 3850: 3641: 2977: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2228: 267: 262: 7496:

Riseman, Noah. "The Rise of Indigenous Military History."

5121:

strategic bombing of enemy cities and industrial factories

3737:

in 1945, quickly and controversially ending World War II.

3414:

In the later part of the 19th century, the self-propelled

3103: 2814: 2185:

used, and how these changed over time. On the other hand,

12941: 11706: 11698: 10408: 6805:

Alex Roland, "Was the Nuclear Arms Race Deterministic?."

4550: 3372:. Rockets were generally inaccurate at that time, though 3322:

Bayonets also became of wide usage to infantry soldiers.

3197:

At the beginning of the 16th century, the first European

2151: 140: 9607: 4141:, though the empire collapsed not long after his reign. 3061:, even though the English were eventually defeated. The 4512:(legionary battle standards) were taken as trophies to 3822: 2866:

were involved in more complicated sea-land operations.

7399:

Moyar, Mark. "The Current State of Military History",

6992:

The Price of Admiralty: The Evolution of Naval Warfare

3891:

relief of attack on an enemy town during the reign of

3636:

in 1902. Then in 1918, the British produced the first

2912:

invented rudders and sculled oars for their warships.

2447:. Other prominent records in military history are the 2407:

at Olang / Kronplatz in the heard of the dolomites of

8277: 7996: 7619:

H-WAR, daily discussion group for military historians

7569:

Spiller, Roger. "Military History and its Fictions."

7464:

2006 70(4): 1065–1079. on war on terror, 2001–present

7147:

Beaumont, Joan. "Australian military historiography"

5449:

Eugene P. A. Scleh, "Teaching History Through Film",

3914:

Notable militaries in the ancient world included the

3315:

possible, allowing the use of infantry, cavalry, and

2261: 10041:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

7443:

Murray, Williamson and Richard Hart Sinnreich, eds.

7223:"Military Histories Old and New: A Reintroduction", 6792:

Mark E. Neely Jr, "Was the Civil War a Total War?."

5373:"Becoming a Military History Instructor in the Army" 5203: 4561:

and other internal strifes. Despite the attempts of

3411:

first arrived at the beginning of the 20th century.

3383:

In the 1860s there were a series of advancements in

2781:

was later invented in India and soon adopted by the

2363:, and exhibits on civilian life during wartime, and 2209:

that had taken place during the period known as the

7500:(2014) 12#12 pp. 901–911. cover 20th century. 7409:Muehlbauer, Matthew S., and David J. Ulbrich, eds. 7227:Vol. 112, no. 4 (October 2007), pp. 1070–1090 7047:Muehlbauer, Matthew S., and David J. Ulbrich, eds. 3338:, and continued to be used in modern wars like the 3291:then improved the submarine design by creating the 2727:, the importance of the cavalry would be repeated. 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 10001:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 9859: 7262:A Guide to the Sources of British Military History 6745:Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power 3675:became important in World War I, in which several 7640: 6940:World military leaders: a biographical dictionary 6872:The Oxford Companion to American Military History 5093:and the major parties during the two World Wars. 3652:, with a 75 mm gun, and the British had the 2281:. Scholars still do not know the exact nature of 13447: 7208:Historical journal of film, radio and television 7161:Black, Jeremy. "Determinisms and Other Issues", 7042:Battle: A Cultural History of Combat and Culture 6732:The Military Revolution and the State, 1500–1800 6670:The Military Revolution and the State, 1500–1800 4940:was later adopted by European armies during the 4853:warriors were held in high esteem. One group of 4795:(see section below) against enemies such as the 3391:was designed in 1860 by a company bought out by 2734:, who had the ability to shoot on horseback—the 9249: 7415:The Routledge History of Global War and Society 7411:The Routledge History of Global War and Society 7049:The Routledge History of Global War and Society 6417: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6316:A History of the Late Medieval Siege, 1200–1500 5821:Richard Ernest Dupuy, and Trevor Nevitt Dupuy, 5422: 4356:, the Athenian navy was decisively defeated by 2205:managing them, as well as the frenetic pace of 8830: 7678: 7612:International Bibliography of Military History 7535:Schleh, Eugene P. "Books About Film and War." 7426:Muehlbauer, Matthew S., and David J. Ulbrich. 5489:, "Teetering on the Brink of Respectability." 4963:, that lasted for fourteen years (1529–1543). 3771: 2539:changes, only its superficial manifestations. 12766: 10389: 9468: 9235: 8816: 8411: 8263: 7982: 7664: 6540:The Nuclear Arms Race: Technology and Society 6488:Tank: the progress of a monstrous war machine 5918:Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund (1998). 4598:(1346) between the English and French in the 2613:and the nation states of the early to middle 2113: 8425: 8384:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 7552:"Teetering on the Brink of Respectability." 7272:Palgrave Advances in Modern Military History 7215:Military History and the Military Profession 7124: 6597: 6408: 6346:. Woolwich: The Royal Artillery Institution. 5153:technology. While tanks were present in the 4861:, where they developed the largely pacifist 4618:, changing military tactics and the role of 2860:, the navy became of increasing importance. 9482: 7520:European Journal of International Relations 6341: 5528: 4924:), the technology later spread west to the 4121:. The same region was soon re conquered by 3817:with depictions of war and peace, from the 3425: 3356:At the end of the 18th century, iron-cased 2664:and early Romans used rigid, heavily armed 2331: 12773: 12759: 10396: 10382: 9475: 9461: 9242: 9228: 8823: 8809: 8418: 8404: 8270: 8256: 7989: 7975: 7671: 7657: 6882:The Reader's Companion to Military History 6880:Cowley, Robert, and Geoffrey Parker, eds. 5964:H. T. Wallinga, "The Trireme and History" 5691:Journal of Conservation and Museum Studies 4849:include many stories of battles and wars. 4542:. However, Aurelius marked the end of the 4438:, ending the role of Carthage as a power. 4426:. He famously won the encirclement at the 2523: 2120: 2106: 10104:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 7118:Encyclopedia of American Military History 6886:Complete text online free of 1996 edition 6389: 6374: 6275:The Age of Firearms: a pictorial history. 3671:flew, but it wasn't practical for usage. 3589:weaponry (cannons and muskets wielded by 3440:The first Western image of a battle with 2874:, ending the Persian invasion of Greece. 2841:. The Greeks later advanced these ships. 2177:, the logistics, leadership, technology, 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 12219:List of military strategies and concepts 7631:Military History Encyclopedia on the Web 7349:, 93 (March 2007), 1116–1142. Fulltext: 6968:Encyclopedia of War and American Society 6947:The Oxford Companion to Military History 6890:Dear, I. C. B., and M. R. D. Foot, eds. 6863:Brownstone, David, and Irene M. Franck. 5755:New Glory: Expanding America's Supremacy 5327:History of physical training and fitness 5119:were examples. On the largest scale the 5070: 5020: 4893: 4801: 4590: 4377: 4217: 4113:invaded Northwestern India and defeated 4093: 3882: 3808: 3683:with a decent unobstructed flight deck. 3612: 3580: 3545: 3506: 3502: 3435: 3395:, which made new and improved versions. 3247:used naval mines extensively during the 3132:, oil, resin, ground charcoal and wax." 3102: 3090: 3082: 2941: 2922:were used to protect inhabitants in the 2813: 2750:became widely adopted by the Parthians, 2700:, led by Athens in an attempt to subdue 2567: 2335: 2229:Popular versus academic military history 2131: 1084:List of military strategies and concepts 7370:Liddell Hart and the Weight of History. 7270:Hughes, Matthew, and W. Philpott, eds. 6856:Warfare in the Western World, 1882–1975 6849:Warfare in the Western World, 1775–1882 6421: 6356: 6114: 6052: 5949:John S. Morrison, "The Greek Trireme." 5333: 5177:, would be developed during this time. 5149:Modern war also saw the improvement of 4987:, the transition from use of battalion 4872:culture also developed in the isolated 4445:decisive victory over Macedonia at the 4152:had risen and collapsed. This led to a 4039:, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, 3857:region lasted for several generations. 3853:. The border conflict over the fertile 14: 13448: 7471:U. Press of Kansas 1990. 270 pp. 6921:Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy. 6915:(2 vol 1996), comprehensive textbook; 6627:"Moriori – The impact of new arrivals" 6457: 6455: 6453: 6313: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6092: 5986:Moerbeek, Martijn (January 21, 1998). 5970:Vol. 43, Fasc. 1/2, 1990 pp. 132–149. 5858:Hippeis: the cavalry of Ancient Greece 5010: 4546:, and Rome quickly fell into decline. 4352:. After a disastrous campaign against 3776: 3608: 3399:arrived in the mid-19th century also. 2326:Knowledge:WikiProject Military history 12754: 10377: 9456: 9223: 8804: 8399: 8251: 7970: 7652: 7639: 6564: 6538:Paul P. Craig and John A. Jungerman, 6461: 6337: 6335: 6309: 6307: 5887:, "The African elephant in warfare." 5060: 4966:The period spanning between the 1648 4504:in the east. In a decisive battle at 4422:'s invasion of Italy by crossing the 3119:evolving slowly from formulations by 2934:is often necessary to capture forts. 2479:whose impartiality, despite being an 2221:. An important recent concept is the 13404: 12735: 10403: 6055:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 5899:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a093538 4883: 4508:Romans were defeated and the golden 4125:after defeating the Macedonians and 3422:was the world's first torpedo boat. 2419:led to cancellation of the exhibit. 57:adding citations to reliable sources 28: 12780: 12679:Idealism in international relations 10046:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 7998:Military history of North America 7491:American Nineteenth Century History 6954:The Art of War in the Western World 6694:Jacob, F. & Visoni-Alonzo, G., 6605:General Surena; The Hero of Carrhae 6450: 6089: 4610:came into use some time during the 4580: 4167:The Warring States era philosopher 4021:were the first nation to introduce 3162:, were held in one hand, while the 2422: 2309: 24: 8279:Military history of South America 7627:– from AmericanHistoryProjects.com 7377:Reader's Guide to Military History 7097:Encyclopedia of military biography 6833: 6637:Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 6332: 6304: 6142:Calvert, J.B. (February 19, 2006) 5726:"Herodotus: The father of history" 4810:forces over the Muscovites at the 4232:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor 4222:Lifelike soldier statues from the 4215:, and other steppe civilizations. 3798: 3709:was independently invented by the 3403:arrived in the late 19th century. 3154:The first infantry firearms, from 2262:Historiography of military history 25: 13477: 7604: 7006:(London: Bickers & Son, 1870) 5293:Military history of South America 5288:Military history of North America 5130: 4736:, but were later defeated by the 4336:, and the land engagement of the 4320:, where the Persians were led by 4129:. He also went on to conquer the 3895:, 743–720 BC, from his palace at 3735:dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 3593:) was the deciding factor of the 2696:became an important tool. In the 2350:Category:Military and war museums 13427: 13416: 13403: 13392: 13391: 12734: 12724: 12723: 10357: 10356: 10198:Palestinian expulsion and flight 9131:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 8901:Democratic Republic of the Congo 8784: 8775: 8774: 8112:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7625:Web Sources for Military History 7578:Winter, Jay, and Antoine Prost. 7167:, 68 (Oct. 2004), 1217–1232. in 7090:The Oxford History of Modern War 6892:Oxford Companion to World War II 6747:(2011) pp. 219–264 on 1815–1914. 6553:The Cold War: A Military History 6466:. University of Oklahoma Press. 6236:Bayonets: An Illustrated History 5268:Military history of ancient Rome 5206: 5194:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 4916:weapons were first developed in 4050:The earliest recorded battle in 3570:This was on display during what 3223:. They were used heavily in the 2918:are important in warfare. Early 2893:, resulting in a Roman victory. 2676:would later adopt more flexible 158: 33: 13346:List of social science journals 10061:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 9996:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 9803:Causes of the Armenian genocide 6815: 6799: 6786: 6763: 6750: 6737: 6724: 6701: 6688: 6675: 6662: 6641: 6620: 6609: 6577: 6565:Curry, Andrew (24 March 2016). 6558: 6545: 6532: 6519: 6506: 6493: 6480: 6383: 6350: 6280: 6267: 6254: 6241: 6228: 6202: 6189: 6169: 6156: 6136: 6046: 6033: 6013: 5993: 5988:"The battle of Salamis, 480 BC" 5980: 5958: 5943: 5932:from the original on 2021-06-23 5911: 5878: 5863: 5850: 5828: 5815: 5800: 5784:American Journal of Archaeology 5775: 5760: 5747: 5738: 5719: 5696: 5683: 5664: 5651: 5642:The Journal of Military History 5634: 5615: 5596: 5573: 5560: 5537: 5519: 5514:The Journal of Military History 5354:from the original on 2016-04-22 4577:continued to prosper, however. 4500:took the offensive against the 4230:, which was meant to guard the 3744:, the main powers engaged in a 2389:The National World War I Museum 2328:and encourage readers to join. 2288:Military historians have often 2256:The Journal of Military History 44:needs additional citations for 13303:Science and technology studies 10333:Gunpowder and gun transmission 10207:Zionism as settler colonialism 9270:Federated States of Micronesia 8742:British Indian Ocean Territory 7403:(2007), 50: 225–240 online at 7225:The American Historical Review 7194:vol 55#3 (1993) pp. 517+. 7072:(Routledge, 2021); since 1793. 6870:Chambers, John Whiteclay, ed. 6392:World Monarchies and Dynasties 6122:. Princeton University Press. 5506: 5480: 5456: 5443: 5416: 5403: 5394: 5365: 5340: 5042:in the 1950s as he focused on 4928:, from where it spread to the 4922:Technology of the Song dynasty 4293:'s greatest rivals during the 4253:Persian Empire was founded by 4246:period in the 3rd century AD. 4195:, which expanded into Central 2937: 2596: 2530:History of military technology 2493:, recording the expedition of 2295:In the early 1980s, historian 2254:. Since 1937 it has published 2223:Revolution in Military Affairs 2175:military doctrine on each side 13: 1: 7641:Military history by continent 7575:2006 70(4): 1081–1097. online 7308:17#3 (1984) pp. 355–384 7250:10.1080/07292473.2022.2021752 7157:10.1080/07292473.2023.2150485 6949:(2001) 1071 pp; online at OUP 6884:(2001) coverage by scholars. 6824:Small Wars & Insurgencies 6527:World War 2: New Technologies 6514:A history of chemical warfare 6314:Purton, Peter Fraser (2009). 6288:Torpedoes and Torpedo-vessels 5583:(May, 1984) 17#3 pp. 355–384 5429:. Pen and Sword. p. 24. 3380:, and had a higher accuracy. 2856:, which was defeated. In the 2443:) c. 2700 BC near the modern 9251:Military history of Oceania 8237:United States Virgin Islands 7151:42#1 (2023) pp. 99–121 6942:(Infobase Publishing, 2007). 6913:Warfare In The Western World 6436:10.1080/10371397.2013.831733 6318:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 5547:History Associations, 2015. 5263:Society for Military History 4697:, the Arabs expanded to the 4670:to protect their territory. 4496:In 54 BC the Roman triumvir 4332:and the Persians were under 4119:Battle of the Hydaspes River 3072: 2807:'s gift of 500 elephants to 2793:Battle of the Hydaspes River 2511:Commentarii de Bello Gallico 2252:Society for Military History 2141:Staatliche Antikensammlungen 7: 12201:Operational manoeuvre group 9965:German resistance to Nazism 9821:Persian famine of 1917–1919 8832:Military history of Africa 7597:Journal of Military History 7572:Journal of Military History 7554:Journal of American History 7484:Journal of American History 7462:Journal of Military History 7362:Journal of Military History 7347:Journal of American History 7200:Journal of Military History 7175:Rethinking Military History 7164:Journal of Military History 6771:Journal of Southern history 6616:s:Great Battles of Bulgaria 6516:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). 6342:Brackenbury, Henry (1865). 6186:. Accessed on May 18, 2006. 6030:. Accessed on May 17, 2006. 5491:Journal of American History 5464:Journal of Military History 5304:Journal of Military History 5298:Military history by country 5283:Military history of Oceania 5199: 4944:of the early 16th century. 4905:against Spain, painting by 3793:Tollense valley battlefield 3772:Periods of military history 3539:Tactically, beginning with 3194:by the early 17th century. 2517:Commentarii de Bello Civili 2381:Western Front (World War I) 2369:Imperial War Museum Duxford 2213:, and more recently in the 2164:international relationships 1577:Military–industrial complex 1056:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 13482: 12634:Peace and conflict studies 12523:Infantry fighting vehicles 11062:Front; Russian land forces 9970:Nazi foreign policy debate 7680:Military history of Europe 7599:(Jan 2021) 85#1 pp 95–133. 7454:53#3 2007. pp. 229+. 7365:, 61 (Oct. 1997), 777–789. 7332:, 86 (June 1981), 553–67. 7330:American Historical Review 7256:Why Military History Sucks 7070:Encyclopedia of modern war 6462:Swope, Kenneth M. (2013). 6210:"Early Underwater Warfare" 6153:. Accessed on May 18, 2006 5525:Morillo, Pevkovic, pp. 4–5 5278:Military history of Europe 5273:Military history of Africa 5182:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 5175:advanced targeting systems 5134: 5064: 5014: 4957:Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi 4887: 4584: 4384:Great Ludovisi sarcophagus 4289:dynasties, which were the 3802: 3780: 3663:On December 17, 1903, the 3429: 3151:they would be used again. 3076: 2527: 2347: 2322:with over 180,000 articles 13387: 13354: 13338: 13085: 12811: 12788: 12721: 12689:International cooperation 12621: 12596: 12463: 12456: 12378: 12297: 12209: 12161: 12036: 11912: 11697: 11659:Combat information center 11636: 11557: 11467: 11196: 11189: 11120:Infantry fighting vehicle 11070: 10902:Unified combatant command 10872: 10735: 10547: 10415: 10351: 10320: 10284: 10178: 10132: 10118:Second Sino-Japanese War 10096: 10026: 9978: 9940: 9900: 9776: 9598: 9517: 9493: 9361: 9338: 9257: 9144: 9119: 8838: 8770: 8729: 8689: 8431: 8358: 8285: 8212:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 8130: 8004: 7929: 7686: 7646: 7493:, 7 (June 2006), 139–321. 7291:, 36 #3, (1984), 389–418 7203:, 55 (July 1991), 395–406 7125:Historiography and memory 6709:Journal of Modern History 6286:George Elliot Armstrong, 6067:10.1017/S1356186309009717 6039:Brenda J. Buchanan, ed., 5744:Farah, Karls, pp. 137–138 5493:(2007) 93(4): 1158–1160. 4386:depicts a battle between 4308:rose to power, including 4226:, discovered near modern 2504:The memoirs of the Roman 2207:technological development 1641:Loss-of-strength gradient 498:Combat information center 12604:Lists of wars by country 12046:List of military tactics 11164:Self-propelled artillery 11052:Special units by nation: 10495:Protocols and structure: 10036:Auschwitz bombing debate 9722:Indian Rebellion of 1857 9573:Late Bronze Age collapse 9507:List of military museums 9421:Northern Mariana Islands 8886:Central African Republic 8491:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 8426:Military history of Asia 8232:Turks and Caicos Islands 7511:Rogers, Clifford J. ed. 7394:What is Military History 7375:Messenger, Charles, ed. 7113:(4 vol, ABC-CLIO, 2019). 7109:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. 7106:(2 vol, ABC-CLIO, 2020). 7088:Townshend, Charles, ed. 7016:Lawrence, D. R. (2009). 7011:African Military History 6842:World History of Warfare 6711:48#2 (1976) pp 195–214; 6390:Middleton, John (2004). 6344:Ancient Cannon in Europe 6197:The Submarine: A History 5925:. Routledge. p. 8. 5423:Ian F W Beckett (2016). 5238:List of military writers 5101:William Tecumseh Sherman 4761:failed invasion of Korea 4465:) and defeating several 4451:Lucius Licinius Lucullus 4324:, and the second at the 3829:Much of what we know of 3426:Early guns and artillery 2385:International Spy Museum 2332:Military and war museums 2315:H-WAR, sponsored by the 2199:Combat Studies Institute 1959:Military science fiction 1444:Technology and equipment 865:List of military tactics 12991:international relations 12701:International relations 12694:Crimes against humanity 11341:Other infantry weapons: 11057:Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy 10628:Functional specialties: 9986:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 9845:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 9386:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8752:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7556:2007 93(4): 1158–1160. 7381:excerpt and text search 7102:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. 6773:14.4 (1948): 447–480. 6376:10.1111/1468-229X.12144 6357:Crombie, Laura (2016). 6177:The "Invincible" Armada 6144:"Cannons and Gunpowder" 6019:Selby, Stephen (2001). 6010:. Accessed May 16, 2006 5693:(2001) vol 7 pp. 11–15. 5466:61 (Oct. 1997), 777–89 5400:Cowley, Parker, p. xiii 4498:Marcus Licinius Crassus 4449:), in the Middle East ( 4277:went on to conquer the 4056:Battle of the Ten Kings 3982:Confederation, Ancient 3523:mercenaries armed with 2748:heavily armored cavalry 2524:Technological evolution 2371:for military aircraft, 2027:Wartime sexual violence 1783:Full-spectrum dominance 1594:Supply-chain management 13318:Quantum social science 12669:Conscientious objector 10777:Special reconnaissance 10517:Awards and decorations 10109:"Battle for Australia" 9991:Soviet offensive plans 9960:Broad vs. narrow front 9799:Late Ottoman genocides 8162:British Virgin Islands 7726:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7486:2007 93(4): 1154–1157. 7401:The Historical Journal 6809:51.2 (2010): 444–461. 6807:Technology and Culture 6164:A History of Artillery 5990:Accessed May 16, 2006. 5893:46.182 (1947): 42–49. 5787:76.2 (1972): 145–157. 5769:Technology and Culture 5706:39.3 (1998): 462–473. 5704:Technology and culture 5248:Military globalization 5078: 5034: 5025:Dutch forces storming 4909: 4815: 4681:, and later under the 4603: 4455:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus 4395: 4235: 4107: 3899: 3826: 3695:Second Battle of Ypres 3625: 3598: 3559: 3528: 3449: 3432:History of the firearm 3319:in a coordinated way. 3115:There is evidence for 3112: 3100: 3088: 2955: 2904:. The 12th century AD 2822: 2589: 2566: 2535:The nature of warfare 2465:has been challenged), 2373:Deutsches Panzermuseum 2345: 2324:. Its editors sponsor 2144: 1939:Awards and decorations 1912:Peace through strength 1887:Low-intensity conflict 1521:Conscientious objector 1394:Area of responsibility 13355:Other categorizations 13208:International studies 13193:History of technology 13128:Communication studies 13011:public administration 11689:Torpedo Data Computer 11679:Ship gun fire-control 10338:Torsion mangonel myth 10270:Sri Lankan Civil War 9364:and other territories 9046:São Tomé and Príncipe 8906:Republic of the Congo 8102:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7582:(Cambridge UP, 2005) 7368:Mearsheimer, John J. 7210:14.4 (1994): 377–411. 6966:Karsten, Peter. ed., 6945:Holmes, Richard, ed. 6911:, and Mark Grimsley. 6894:(2005; 2nd ed. 2010) 6844:(2nd ed. 2008) 638 pp 6826:27.2 (2016): 325–344. 6001:"The Medieval Castle" 5875:62.2 (2013): 167–181. 5812:18.2 (1986): 196–215. 5772:35.4 (1994): 768–834. 5644:76.4 (2012): 523–556 5228:Ancient Greek warfare 5135:Further information: 5074: 5065:Further information: 5024: 4897: 4888:Further information: 4805: 4594: 4585:Further information: 4381: 4362:Battle of Aegospotami 4263:Neo-Babylonian Empire 4257:after conquering the 4221: 4191:was succeeded by the 4154:Warring States period 4097: 3886: 3812: 3803:Further information: 3781:Further information: 3729:was developed by the 3638:armored troop carrier 3616: 3584: 3549: 3510: 3503:Early firearm tactics 3439: 3430:Further information: 3262:was built in 1624 by 3106: 3094: 3086: 2945: 2817: 2773:developed the use of 2571: 2533: 2339: 2211:Industrial Revolution 2135: 531:Torpedo data computer 521:Ship gun fire-control 13188:Historical sociology 12550:Specific modern wars 12498:Vehicles and weapons 12423:Military occupations 11022:Carrier strike group 9955:"Blitzkrieg" concept 9826:Powder keg of Europe 9701:Franco-Prussian War 8666:United Arab Emirates 7522:24.3 (2018): 491513 7009:Lamphear, John, ed. 6917:online vol 1 to 1871 6264:8.2 (2011): 131–138. 6216:on February 17, 2006 5952:The Mariner's Mirror 5920:"A History of India" 5659:Museum International 5570:(Random House, 1987) 5453:(1973) 3#3 pp 12–16. 5334:Notes and references 5171:high caliber cannons 4732:Chinese army at the 4701:in the west and the 4373:Philip II of Macedon 3492:Mehmed the Conqueror 3258:The first navigable 3079:History of gunpowder 3053:. The English/Welsh 2607:New Egyptian Kingdom 2057:Military occupations 1892:Military engineering 1794:Unrestricted Warfare 1651:Force multiplication 549:Military manoeuvrers 53:improve this article 13368:Geisteswissenschaft 13362:Behavioral sciences 13288:Political sociology 13203:Information science 13148:Development studies 12713:Peace organizations 12176:Operations research 11654:Director (military) 11644:Fire-control system 10555:Command and control 10291:Russo-Georgian War 10264:Sovereignty dispute 10243:Iranian Revolution 10073:"Polish death camp" 10050:In relation to the 9759:Myth of English aid 9750:War of the Pacific 9527:Albigensian Crusade 9121:States with limited 8693:limited recognition 8117:Trinidad and Tobago 8012:Antigua and Barbuda 7931:States with limited 7351:History Cooperative 7244:41.1 (2022): 6–84. 6685:(1995), pp. 95–115. 6593:. December 7, 2018. 6234:Martin J. Brayley, 5955:27.1 (1941): 14–44. 5661:38.1 (1986): 20–26. 5581:The History Teacher 5534:Black (2004), p. ix 5323:, scholarly journal 5315:, scholarly journal 5307:, scholarly journal 5188:1980–1988, and the 5127:was total warfare. 5076:Franco-Prussian War 5017:Military Revolution 5011:Military Revolution 4968:Peace of Westphalia 4806:The victory of the 4463:Gaius Julius Caesar 4402:. During the three 4123:Chandragupta Maurya 4111:Alexander the Great 3893:Tiglath-Pileser III 3783:Prehistoric warfare 3777:Prehistoric warfare 3721:to detect objects. 3609:Modern technologies 3595:Battle of Chaldiran 3552:Battle of Nagashino 3418:was developed. The 3285:American Revolution 3188:flintlock mechanism 3149:Battle of Agincourt 3067:Battle of Agincourt 2805:Chandragupta Maurya 2760:Eastern Han dynasty 2709:Alexander the Great 2698:Sicilian Expedition 2397:Canadian War Museum 2342:Canadian War Museum 2156:history of humanity 1743:Penal military unit 1728:Rules of engagement 1404:Command and control 1029:Operations research 493:Director (military) 483:Fire-control system 253:Command and control 134:Part of a series on 13423:Society portal 12910:auxiliary sciences 12171:Military operation 12138:Tactical objective 11649:Fire-control radar 11565:Military equipment 11507:Anti-ship missiles 10859:Electronic-warfare 10722:Military maneuvers 10707:Combat occupations 10483:Commanding officer 10443:Occupational roles 10306:Syrian revolution 10218:Malayan Emergency 10193:1948 Palestine war 9926:Spanish Civil War 9876:War guilt question 9685:American Civil War 9665:Invasion of Russia 9641:New Russian School 8052:Dominican Republic 7589:2021-08-04 at the 7563:2021-07-14 at the 7550:Spector, Ronald H. 7546:8.4 (1978): 66–69. 7544:Film & History 7539:8.1 (1978): 11–14. 7529:2022-01-16 at the 7506:10.1111/hic3.12205 7437:2018-04-27 at the 7420:2018-04-27 at the 7392:Morillo, Stephen. 7386:2016-03-12 at the 7339:2019-04-26 at the 7322:2021-11-10 at the 7298:2019-04-26 at the 7289:American Quarterly 7281:2022-01-16 at the 7260:Higham, John, ed. 7234:2021-08-27 at the 7184:2009-12-08 at the 7141:2009-11-23 at the 7099:(Bloomsbury 2020). 7079:(Routledge, 2021). 7068:Parkinson, Roger. 7051:(Routledge, 2018). 7034:2023-01-09 at the 7013:(Routledge, 2007). 6984:2018-08-04 at the 6975:The Face of Battle 6961:Dictionary of Wars 6796:37.1 (1991): 5–28. 6780:2018-12-15 at the 6718:2018-12-15 at the 6658:New Zealand A to Z 6653:2007-09-28 at the 6632:2009-01-03 at the 6297:2023-06-20 at the 6247:John Christopher, 6182:2006-05-12 at the 6149:2007-07-01 at the 6026:2008-05-18 at the 6006:2006-06-22 at the 5856:Leslie J. Worley, 5794:2016-04-24 at the 5731:2005-12-31 at the 5713:2018-12-17 at the 5677:2017-05-02 at the 5628:2018-12-15 at the 5623:H-War book reviews 5609:2018-12-15 at the 5590:2016-12-25 at the 5554:2015-08-03 at the 5516:55.3 (1991): 395+. 5500:2021-07-14 at the 5473:2021-07-14 at the 5451:Film & History 5117:American Civil War 5111:'s burning of the 5091:Napoleon Bonaparte 5079: 5067:Industrial warfare 5061:Industrial warfare 5035: 4961:Ethiopian–Adal War 4932:of Persia and the 4910: 4816: 4679:Rashidun Caliphate 4604: 4600:Hundred Years' War 4544:Five Good Emperors 4396: 4318:Battle of Marathon 4295:Roman-Persian Wars 4236: 4108: 3966:), Early Imperial 3900: 3827: 3758:ballistic missiles 3626: 3599: 3576:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 3560: 3529: 3450: 3409:light machine guns 3397:Springfield rifles 3336:American Civil War 3221:American Civil War 3186:, and finally the 3145:Hundred Years' War 3121:Chinese alchemists 3113: 3101: 3089: 3059:Hundred Years' War 2956: 2881:, the war between 2858:Greco-Persian Wars 2823: 2809:Seleucus I Nicator 2725:Roman-Persian Wars 2590: 2346: 2235:William H. McNeill 2145: 1852:Counter-insurgency 1773:Command of the sea 1718:Jewish laws on war 1693:Geneva Conventions 1229:Divide and conquer 1024:Military operation 989:Tactical objective 488:Fire-control radar 465:Electronic-warfare 68:"Military history" 13443: 13442: 13283:Political economy 13278:Political ecology 13133:Community studies 13123:Cognitive science 13086:Interdisciplinary 12986:Political science 12748: 12747: 12674:Anti-war movement 12617: 12616: 12609:Conflicts by time 12234:Counter-offensive 12224:Military campaign 12143:Target saturation 12093:Counterinsurgency 11742:International law 11684:Gun data computer 11553: 11552: 10890:Armies by country 10854:Close air support 10819:Aircraft carriers 10488:Executive officer 10371: 10370: 10174: 10173: 10052:Armenian genocide 9915:Polish–Soviet War 9910:Burning of Smyrna 9896: 9895: 9886:Reichstag inquiry 9809:Patriotic consent 9680: 9679: 9655:War in the Vendée 9619:French Revolution 9601:century conflicts 9590:Peloponnesian War 9551:Eighty Years' War 9450: 9449: 9444: 9443: 9436:Wallis and Futuna 9381:Clipperton Island 9339:Associated states 9217: 9216: 9148:other territories 8921:Equatorial Guinea 8798: 8797: 8735:other territories 8393: 8392: 8365:other territories 8245: 8244: 8134:other territories 7964: 7963: 7452:Civil War History 7264:(2015) 654 pages 7242:War & Society 7221:Citino, Robert M. 7149:War & Society 7116:Tucker, Spencer. 7095:Trevor, N et al. 7061:Nolan, Cathal J. 7054:Nolan, Cathal J. 6794:Civil War History 6648:"Chatham Islands" 6603:Suren-Pahlav S., 6262:Arms & Armour 5840:(1988): 211–248. 5809:World Archaeology 5487:Ronald H. Spector 5413:(1980) pp. 99–100 5377:The Griffon 108th 5320:War & Society 5113:Shenandoah Valley 4974:is also known as 4972:French Revolution 4920:China (see also: 4907:Sebastiaen Vrancx 4899:Eighty Years' War 4890:Gunpowder warfare 4884:Gunpowder warfare 4808:Polish-Lithuanian 4746:Battle of Baghdad 4705:in the east. The 4699:Iberian Peninsula 4649:Kingdom of Sennar 4430:. However, after 4345:Peloponnesian War 4338:Battle of Plataea 4326:Battle of Salamis 4025:into their army. 3766:nuclear submarine 3746:Nuclear arms race 3731:Manhattan Project 3723:Molotov cocktails 3691:Battle of Bolimov 3478:Henry Brackenbury 3370:Anglo-Mysore Wars 3366:Kingdom of Mysore 3358:artillery rockets 3279:was developed by 3264:Cornelius Drebbel 3251:, as part of the 3209:at the Battle of 3126:potassium nitrate 3097:English Civil War 2872:Battle of Salamis 2835:3rd millennium BC 2833:were used in the 2721:Battle of Carrhae 2495:Cyrus the Younger 2130: 2129: 2022:Horses in warfare 1969:Anti-war movement 1872:Gunboat diplomacy 1862:Disaster response 1810:Philosophy of war 1805:Principles of war 1778:Deterrence theory 1723:Right of conquest 1646:Lanchester's laws 1414:Principles of war 1104:Counter-offensive 1089:Military campaign 994:Target saturation 917:Counterinsurgency 526:Gun data computer 460:Close air support 422:Aircraft carriers 129: 128: 121: 103: 16:(Redirected from 13473: 13461:Military science 13456:Military history 13431: 13421: 13420: 13407: 13406: 13395: 13394: 13298:Regional science 13143:Cultural studies 13118:Business studies 12775: 12768: 12761: 12752: 12751: 12738: 12737: 12727: 12726: 12704: 12587: 12578: 12569: 12560: 12544: 12535: 12526: 12517: 12508: 12494: 12485: 12476: 12461: 12460: 12403:Military tactics 12244:Defence in depth 12098:Defeat in detail 11794:Armoured warfare 11732:Military science 11522:Close-in weapons 11194: 11193: 11105:Wheeled vehicles 11100:Tracked vehicles 10897:Chain of command 10560:Defense ministry 10398: 10391: 10384: 10375: 10374: 10360: 10359: 10343:War and genocide 10167: 10153:Résistancialisme 10140:Battle of France 10122:Nanjing Massacre 9976: 9975: 9857: 9856: 9853: 9817: 9767: 9649: 9632: 9605: 9604: 9532:Catharism debate 9518:pre-18th century 9500:Military history 9477: 9470: 9463: 9454: 9453: 9426:Pitcairn Islands 9396:French Polynesia 9376:Christmas Island 9305:Papua New Guinea 9285:Marshall Islands 9258:Sovereign states 9244: 9237: 9230: 9221: 9220: 9209: 9208:(United Kingdom) 9204:Tristan da Cunha 9200:Ascension Island 9192: 9179: 9170: 9146:Dependencies and 8839:Sovereign states 8825: 8818: 8811: 8802: 8801: 8788: 8778: 8777: 8747:Christmas Island 8433:Sovereign states 8420: 8413: 8406: 8397: 8396: 8385: 8373:Falkland Islands 8287:Sovereign states 8272: 8265: 8258: 8249: 8248: 8202:Saint Barthélemy 8132:Dependencies and 8005:Sovereign states 7991: 7984: 7977: 7968: 7967: 7688:Sovereign states 7673: 7666: 7659: 7650: 7649: 7637: 7636: 7467:Reardon, Carol. 6970:(3 vols., 2005). 6959:Kohn, George C. 6938:Grossman, Mark. 6827: 6819: 6813: 6803: 6797: 6790: 6784: 6767: 6761: 6754: 6748: 6741: 6735: 6728: 6722: 6705: 6699: 6692: 6686: 6679: 6673: 6666: 6660: 6645: 6639: 6624: 6618: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6562: 6556: 6549: 6543: 6536: 6530: 6523: 6517: 6510: 6504: 6497: 6491: 6490:(Penguin, 2003). 6486:Patrick Wright, 6484: 6478: 6477: 6459: 6448: 6447: 6424:Japanese Studies 6419: 6406: 6405: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6339: 6330: 6329: 6311: 6302: 6284: 6278: 6271: 6265: 6258: 6252: 6245: 6239: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6206: 6200: 6193: 6187: 6173: 6167: 6160: 6154: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6112: 6087: 6086: 6050: 6044: 6043:(Ashgate, 2006). 6037: 6031: 6017: 6011: 5997: 5991: 5984: 5978: 5962: 5956: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5931: 5924: 5915: 5909: 5882: 5876: 5867: 5861: 5854: 5848: 5832: 5826: 5819: 5813: 5804: 5798: 5779: 5773: 5764: 5758: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5736: 5723: 5717: 5700: 5694: 5687: 5681: 5668: 5662: 5655: 5649: 5638: 5632: 5619: 5613: 5600: 5594: 5577: 5571: 5564: 5558: 5543:Bergen, Hilary, 5541: 5535: 5532: 5526: 5523: 5517: 5510: 5504: 5484: 5478: 5460: 5454: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5420: 5414: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5388: 5379:. Archived from 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5359: 5344: 5243:Maritime history 5233:Military science 5216: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5159:Second World War 5105:March to the Sea 5087:Battle of Sadowa 5044:Sweden 1560–1660 5031:Franco-Dutch War 5005:mounted infantry 4874:Hawaiian Islands 4857:migrated to the 4647:states like the 4587:Medieval warfare 4581:Medieval warfare 4575:Byzantine empire 4428:Battle of Cannae 4416:Second Punic War 4382:The 3rd-century 4322:Darius the Great 4273:. His successor 4234:, 3rd century BC 4135:Ashoka the Great 4106:, 5th century BC 3995:fertile crescent 3887:Siege engine in 3789:recorded history 3756:) and missiles ( 3703:Battle of Midway 3687:Chemical warfare 3681:aircraft carrier 3624:used during WWII 3446:Siege of Orléans 3405:Automatic rifles 3340:Invasion of Iraq 3229:North Vietnamese 3164:explosive charge 2801:Second Punic War 2777:in warfare. The 2730:There were also 2717:Second Punic War 2713:Battle of Cannae 2582:Battle of Kadesh 2580:fighting at the 2564: 2487:(430–355 BC) in 2423:Early historians 2401:Musée de l'Armée 2377:Lange Max Museum 2310:Online resources 2219:information ages 2194:military command 2150:is the study of 2148:Military history 2122: 2115: 2108: 1877:Humanitarian aid 1815:Security dilemma 1636:Power projection 1419:Economy of force 1399:Chain of command 1114:Defence in depth 1099:Commerce raiding 922:Defeat in detail 258:Defense ministry 162: 153: 152: 143: 131: 130: 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 21: 18:Military History 13481: 13480: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13472: 13471: 13470: 13446: 13445: 13444: 13439: 13415: 13383: 13350: 13334: 13308:Science studies 13092:Administration 13081: 12807: 12784: 12782:Social sciences 12779: 12749: 12744: 12717: 12698: 12684:Humanitarianism 12613: 12592: 12581: 12572: 12563: 12557:Napoleonic Wars 12554: 12538: 12532:Modern warships 12529: 12520: 12511: 12502: 12488: 12479: 12470: 12457:Other namespace 12452: 12374: 12293: 12205: 12157: 12123:Rapid dominance 12032: 11908: 11693: 11632: 11549: 11495:Naval artillery 11475:Guided missiles 11463: 11185: 11066: 10868: 10731: 10727:Combat training 10675:Security forces 10665:Military police 10603:Airborne forces 10543: 10411: 10402: 10372: 10367: 10366: 10347: 10328:Conflict thesis 10316: 10280: 10170: 10161: 10128: 10092: 10022: 9974: 9936: 9902:Interwar period 9892: 9862: 9855: 9847: 9831:Schlieffen Plan 9811: 9772: 9761: 9676: 9643: 9626: 9611: 9600: 9594: 9578:Dorian invasion 9563:Fall of Babylon 9519: 9513: 9512: 9489: 9481: 9451: 9446: 9445: 9440: 9363: 9357: 9340: 9334: 9315:Solomon Islands 9253: 9248: 9218: 9213: 9212: 9207: 9190: 9177: 9168: 9149: 9147: 9140: 9124: 9122: 9115: 8834: 8829: 8799: 8794: 8766: 8734: 8725: 8706:Northern Cyprus 8692: 8685: 8427: 8424: 8394: 8389: 8383: 8366: 8364: 8354: 8281: 8276: 8246: 8241: 8135: 8133: 8126: 8000: 7995: 7965: 7960: 7932: 7925: 7851:North Macedonia 7682: 7677: 7642: 7607: 7602: 7591:Wayback Machine 7565:Wayback Machine 7531:Wayback Machine 7498:History Compass 7439:Wayback Machine 7422:Wayback Machine 7388:Wayback Machine 7372:(1988). 234 pp. 7341:Wayback Machine 7324:Wayback Machine 7306:History Teacher 7300:Wayback Machine 7283:Wayback Machine 7236:Wayback Machine 7186:Wayback Machine 7173:Black, Jeremy. 7143:Wayback Machine 7127: 7036:Wayback Machine 6986:Wayback Machine 6952:Jones, Archer, 6901:Doughty, Robert 6858:(2002), 256 pp. 6854:Black, Jeremy. 6851:(2001) 240 pp. 6847:Black, Jeremy. 6836: 6834:Further reading 6831: 6830: 6820: 6816: 6804: 6800: 6791: 6787: 6782:Wayback Machine 6768: 6764: 6756:David A. 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5109:Philip Sheridan 5069: 5063: 5048:Geoffrey Parker 5040:Michael Roberts 5019: 5013: 4985:field artillery 4977:Kabinettskriege 4892: 4886: 4859:Chatham Islands 4812:Battle of Orsha 4734:Battle of Talas 4718:Battle of Tours 4596:Battle of Crécy 4589: 4583: 4532:Marcus Aurelius 4530:By the time of 4502:Parthian Empire 4467:Germanic tribes 4447:Battle of Pydna 4443:Aemilius Paulus 4408:First Punic War 4279:Egyptian Empire 4255:Cyrus the Great 4224:Terracotta Army 3845:city-states of 3839:Umma–Lagash war 3831:ancient history 3807: 3805:Ancient warfare 3801: 3799:Ancient warfare 3785: 3779: 3774: 3762:cruise missiles 3665:Wright Brothers 3647: 3611: 3513:Battle of Pavia 3505: 3485:Philip the Bold 3434: 3428: 3389:repeating rifle 3326:is named after 3306:field artillery 3205:to scatter the 3081: 3075: 3063:Battle of Crécy 2940: 2891:Battle of Mylae 2879:First Punic War 2846:Suppiluliuma II 2779:scythed chariot 2599: 2565: 2560: 2532: 2526: 2425: 2387:for espionage, 2375:for tanks, the 2352: 2334: 2312: 2297:Jeffrey Kimball 2279:military secret 2264: 2231: 2187:just war theory 2126: 2097: 2096: 2047: 2037: 2036: 2002: 1994: 1993: 1934: 1924: 1923: 1897:Multilateralism 1882:Law enforcement 1842: 1832: 1831: 1800:Just war theory 1758: 1748: 1747: 1698:Geneva Protocol 1668: 1658: 1657: 1631: 1621: 1620: 1562: 1552: 1551: 1459: 1449: 1448: 1389: 1379: 1378: 1344: 1334: 1333: 1264:Network-centric 1184: 1174: 1173: 1081: 1071: 1070: 1019: 1009: 1008: 957:Rapid dominance 862: 852: 851: 807:Electromagnetic 716: 706: 705: 692: 645: 593: 569: 559: 558: 554:Combat training 535: 512: 478:Combat systems: 474: 436: 432:Auxiliary ships 398: 358: 354:Military police 320: 243: 233: 232: 172: 146: 145: 144: 139: 125: 114: 108: 105: 62: 60: 50: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13479: 13469: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13437: 13425: 13413: 13401: 13388: 13385: 13384: 13382: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13364: 13358: 13356: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13348: 13342: 13340: 13336: 13335: 13333: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13321: 13320: 13315: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13274: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13255: 13254: 13253: 13251:social science 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13183:Global studies 13180: 13178:Gender studies 13175: 13170: 13169: 13168: 13163: 13161:social science 13157:Environmental 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13104: 13103: 13098: 13089: 13087: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13079: 13078: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13047: 13046: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13015: 13014: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12983: 12982: 12981: 12971: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12939: 12938: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12897: 12896: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12870: 12869: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12856:macroeconomics 12853: 12851:microeconomics 12843: 12842: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12815: 12813: 12809: 12808: 12806: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12789: 12786: 12785: 12778: 12777: 12770: 12763: 12755: 12746: 12745: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12664:Global studies 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12639:Peace movement 12636: 12631: 12625: 12623: 12619: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12611: 12606: 12600: 12598: 12594: 12593: 12591: 12590: 12589: 12588: 12579: 12570: 12561: 12547: 12546: 12545: 12536: 12527: 12518: 12509: 12495: 12486: 12477: 12467: 12465: 12458: 12454: 12453: 12451: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12438:Related lists: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12408:History lists: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12388:Military lists 12384: 12382: 12376: 12375: 12373: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12355:Defense policy 12352: 12350:Defense budget 12347: 12342: 12340:Public policy: 12337: 12332: 12330:United Nations 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12303: 12301: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12291: 12289:Scorched earth 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12215: 12213: 12207: 12206: 12204: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12191:Deep operation 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12167: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12069: 12068: 12063: 12053: 12048: 12042: 12040: 12034: 12033: 12031: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12019: 12018: 12008: 12007: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11971: 11970: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11949: 11939: 11938: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11918: 11916: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11906: 11904:Unconventional 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11854:Disinformation 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11785: 11784: 11779: 11769: 11764: 11762:Post-classical 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11703: 11701: 11695: 11694: 11692: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11640: 11638: 11637:Combat systems 11634: 11633: 11631: 11630: 11628:Field hospital 11625: 11624: 11623: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11602: 11601: 11591: 11590: 11589: 11579: 11578: 11577: 11572: 11561: 11559: 11555: 11554: 11551: 11550: 11548: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11503: 11502: 11492: 11484: 11483: 11482: 11471: 11469: 11465: 11464: 11462: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11445: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11424: 11423: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11405:Shoulder-fired 11394: 11393: 11392: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11360: 11359: 11358: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11332: 11331: 11321: 11320: 11319: 11309: 11305:Service rifles 11301: 11300: 11299: 11289: 11284: 11276: 11275: 11274: 11264: 11263: 11262: 11252: 11251: 11250: 11240: 11239: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11218: 11213: 11212: 11211: 11200: 11198: 11191: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11183: 11178: 11177: 11176: 11171: 11161: 11160: 11159: 11154: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11133: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11091: 11090: 11080: 11074: 11072: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10977: 10976: 10975: 10970: 10960: 10959: 10958: 10948: 10947: 10946: 10936: 10935: 10934: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10893: 10892: 10887: 10876: 10874: 10870: 10869: 10867: 10866: 10864:Reconnaissance 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10829:Auxiliary ship 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10810: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10768: 10767: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10741: 10739: 10733: 10732: 10730: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10717:Basic training 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10698: 10697: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10656: 10655: 10648:Reconnaissance 10645: 10640: 10635: 10633:Communications 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10598:Special forces 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10562: 10557: 10551: 10549: 10545: 10544: 10542: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10530: 10529: 10524: 10514: 10509: 10508: 10507: 10497: 10491: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10419: 10417: 10413: 10412: 10401: 10400: 10393: 10386: 10378: 10369: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10353: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10324: 10322: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10314: 10313: 10312: 10304: 10303: 10302: 10300:Responsibility 10297: 10288: 10286: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10276: 10268: 10267: 10266: 10256: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10241: 10240: 10239: 10231: 10226: 10225: 10224: 10216: 10215: 10214: 10212:New Historians 10209: 10204: 10190: 10184: 10182: 10176: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10168: 10156: 10149: 10142: 10136: 10134: 10130: 10129: 10127: 10126: 10125: 10124: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10100: 10098: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10078:Responsibility 10075: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10058: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10032: 10030: 10024: 10023: 10021: 10020: 10019: 10018: 10013: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9982: 9980: 9973: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9946: 9944: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9934: 9933: 9932: 9924: 9923: 9922: 9912: 9906: 9904: 9898: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9890: 9889: 9888: 9883: 9873: 9867: 9865: 9854: 9842: 9836:Spirit of 1914 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9806: 9796: 9793:Fischer thesis 9782: 9780: 9774: 9773: 9771: 9770: 9769: 9768: 9756: 9748: 9747: 9746: 9736: 9734:Paraguayan War 9731: 9730: 9729: 9719: 9714: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9692: 9681: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9660:Napoleonic era 9657: 9652: 9651: 9650: 9638: 9633: 9624:Pre-revolution 9615: 9613: 9609:Coalition Wars 9602: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9580: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9548: 9547: 9546: 9536: 9535: 9534: 9523: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9503: 9495: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9487:historiography 9480: 9479: 9472: 9465: 9457: 9448: 9447: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9416:Norfolk Island 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9371:American Samoa 9367: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9355: 9350: 9344: 9342: 9341:of New Zealand 9336: 9335: 9333: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9261: 9259: 9255: 9254: 9247: 9246: 9239: 9232: 9224: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9193: 9180: 9171: 9157:Canary Islands 9153: 9152: 9150: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9138: 9133: 9127: 9125: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8842: 8840: 8836: 8835: 8828: 8827: 8820: 8813: 8805: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8782: 8771: 8768: 8767: 8765: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8738: 8736: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8697: 8695: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8437: 8435: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8422: 8415: 8408: 8400: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8387: 8380: 8375: 8369: 8367: 8359: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8291: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8275: 8274: 8267: 8260: 8252: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8222:Sint Eustatius 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8167:Cayman Islands 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8138: 8136: 8131: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8008: 8006: 8002: 8001: 7994: 7993: 7986: 7979: 7971: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7937: 7935: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7921:United Kingdom 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7746:Czech Republic 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7692: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7676: 7675: 7668: 7661: 7653: 7647: 7644: 7643: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7606: 7605:External links 7603: 7601: 7600: 7593: 7576: 7567: 7547: 7540: 7533: 7516: 7509: 7494: 7487: 7480: 7477:978-0700604661 7465: 7458: 7456:online edition 7448: 7441: 7424: 7407: 7397: 7390: 7373: 7366: 7357: 7343: 7326: 7314:10.2307/493146 7302: 7285: 7268: 7258: 7252: 7238: 7229:online version 7218: 7211: 7204: 7195: 7188: 7179:online edition 7171: 7159: 7145: 7136:online edition 7126: 7123: 7122: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7092:(2nd ed. 2005) 7086: 7083: 7080: 7075:Roy, Kaushik. 7073: 7066: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7040:Lynn, John A. 7038: 7023:Lee, Wayne E. 7021: 7014: 7007: 6995: 6990:Keegan, John. 6988: 6973:Keegan, John. 6971: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6931:Dyer, Gwynne. 6929: 6919: 6898: 6888: 6878: 6868: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6845: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6814: 6798: 6785: 6762: 6749: 6743:John France, 6736: 6723: 6700: 6687: 6674: 6661: 6640: 6619: 6608: 6596: 6576: 6557: 6551:Jeremy Black, 6544: 6531: 6525:Ryan Jenkins, 6518: 6505: 6492: 6479: 6473:978-0806185026 6472: 6449: 6430:(3): 243–261. 6407: 6401:978-0765680501 6400: 6382: 6349: 6331: 6325:978-1843834489 6324: 6303: 6279: 6266: 6253: 6240: 6227: 6201: 6188: 6168: 6155: 6135: 6129:978-0691178141 6128: 6116:Andrade, Tonio 6088: 6061:(3): 355–370. 6045: 6032: 6012: 5992: 5979: 5957: 5942: 5910: 5885:William Gowers 5877: 5862: 5849: 5827: 5814: 5799: 5774: 5759: 5746: 5737: 5718: 5695: 5682: 5663: 5650: 5633: 5614: 5604:H-War policies 5595: 5572: 5566:Paul Kennedy, 5559: 5536: 5527: 5518: 5505: 5479: 5455: 5442: 5436:978-1473856677 5435: 5415: 5402: 5393: 5364: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5316: 5312:War in History 5308: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5214:History portal 5201: 5198: 5137:Modern warfare 5132: 5131:Modern warfare 5129: 5062: 5059: 5015:Main article: 5012: 5009: 4989:infantry drill 4936:of India. The 4930:Safavid Empire 4926:Ottoman Empire 4885: 4882: 4751:In China, the 4726:Charles Martel 4582: 4579: 4436:Battle of Zama 4244:Three Kingdoms 4144:In China, the 4017:and Persians. 3821:city-state of 3815:Standard of Ur 3800: 3797: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3645: 3630:Flame throwers 3610: 3607: 3504: 3501: 3461:discovered in 3454:Joseph Needham 3427: 3424: 3281:David Bushnell 3245:Saddam Hussein 3207:Spanish Armada 3134:Joseph Needham 3111:firing a shell 3107:A 155 mm 3077:Main article: 3074: 3071: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2939: 2936: 2916:Fortifications 2848:, king of the 2764:Three Kingdoms 2682:Warring States 2658: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2598: 2595: 2558: 2528:Main article: 2525: 2522: 2424: 2421: 2333: 2330: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2267:Historiography 2263: 2260: 2244: 2243: 2230: 2227: 2152:armed conflict 2128: 2127: 2125: 2124: 2117: 2110: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2062:Military terms 2059: 2054: 2048: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1935: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1820:Tripwire force 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1759: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1643: 1638: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1574: 1569: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1460: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1342:Administrative 1340: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269:New generation 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1244:Fleet in being 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1185: 1182:Grand strategy 1180: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1169:Scorched earth 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1046:Deep operation 1043: 1038: 1031: 1026: 1020: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 975: 974: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 893: 892: 887: 882: 872: 863: 858: 857: 854: 853: 850: 849: 847:Unconventional 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 795: 793:Disinformation 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 764: 763: 758: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 717: 712: 711: 708: 707: 704: 703: 698: 691: 690: 689: 688: 687: 686: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 644: 643: 642: 641: 640: 639: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 592: 591: 590: 589: 584: 579: 570: 565: 564: 561: 560: 557: 556: 551: 546: 544:Basic training 541: 534: 533: 528: 523: 518: 511: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 473: 472: 470:Reconnaissance 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 397: 396: 391: 389:Special forces 386: 381: 380: 379: 369: 364: 357: 356: 351: 346: 344:Reconnaissance 341: 336: 331: 326: 319: 318: 309: 304: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 244: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 230: 229: 228: 223: 213: 212: 211: 206: 196: 195: 194: 187:Post-classical 184: 179: 173: 168: 167: 164: 163: 155: 154: 136: 135: 127: 126: 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13478: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13453: 13451: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13426: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13412: 13411: 13402: 13400: 13399: 13390: 13389: 13386: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13374:Human science 13372: 13370: 13369: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13359: 13357: 13353: 13347: 13344: 13343: 13341: 13337: 13331: 13330:Vegan studies 13328: 13326: 13323: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13310: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13293:Public health 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13258: 13256: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13228: 13227:Philosophies 13226: 13224: 13223:Media studies 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13198:Human ecology 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13108:Anthrozoology 13106: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13090: 13088: 13084: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13052: 13051: 13048: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13033:developmental 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13020: 13019: 13016: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13006:public policy 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12988: 12987: 12984: 12980: 12977: 12976: 12975: 12972: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12957:legal systems 12955: 12953: 12952:legal history 12950: 12948: 12947:jurisprudence 12945: 12944: 12943: 12940: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12902: 12901: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12875: 12874: 12871: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12848: 12847: 12844: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12821: 12820: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12810: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12790: 12787: 12783: 12776: 12771: 12769: 12764: 12762: 12757: 12756: 12753: 12743: 12742: 12732: 12731: 12720: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12702: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12644:Peace process 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12620: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12601: 12599: 12595: 12585: 12580: 12576: 12571: 12567: 12562: 12558: 12553: 12552: 12551: 12548: 12542: 12537: 12533: 12528: 12524: 12519: 12515: 12510: 12506: 12501: 12500: 12499: 12496: 12492: 12487: 12483: 12478: 12474: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12462: 12459: 12455: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12385: 12383: 12381: 12377: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12309: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12300: 12296: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12212: 12208: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12186:Expeditionary 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12164: 12160: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12088:Counterattack 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12058: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12039: 12035: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12017: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11976: 11975: 11972: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11944: 11943: 11940: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11922: 11920: 11919: 11917: 11915: 11911: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11894:Psychological 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11834:Combined arms 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11774: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11700: 11696: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11641: 11639: 11635: 11629: 11626: 11622: 11619: 11618: 11617: 11616:Military base 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11600: 11597: 11596: 11595: 11592: 11588: 11585: 11584: 11583: 11580: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11556: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11529: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11517:Depth charges 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11501: 11498: 11497: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11485: 11481: 11478: 11477: 11476: 11473: 11472: 11470: 11466: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11429: 11428: 11425: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11395: 11391: 11388: 11387: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11369: 11366: 11365: 11364: 11361: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11352: 11351:Anti-tank gun 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11330: 11327: 11326: 11325: 11324:Assault rifle 11322: 11318: 11315: 11314: 11313: 11312:Battle rifles 11310: 11308: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11295: 11294: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11281: 11280:Infantry guns 11277: 11273: 11270: 11269: 11268: 11265: 11261: 11258: 11257: 11256: 11253: 11249: 11246: 11245: 11244: 11241: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11223: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11210: 11207: 11206: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11195: 11192: 11188: 11182: 11179: 11175: 11174:Anti-aircraft 11172: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11165: 11162: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11149: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11112: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11089: 11086: 11085: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11075: 11073: 11069: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10981: 10978: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10965: 10964: 10961: 10957: 10954: 10953: 10952: 10949: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10940: 10937: 10933: 10930: 10929: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10907:General staff 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10871: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10824:Landing craft 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10794: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10766: 10763: 10762: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10738: 10734: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10567: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10546: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10506: 10503: 10502: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10492: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10473:Enlisted rank 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10406: 10399: 10394: 10392: 10387: 10385: 10380: 10379: 10376: 10363: 10355: 10354: 10350: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10311: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10285:Post-Cold War 10283: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10265: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10259:Falklands War 10257: 10255: 10254:Iran–Iraq War 10252: 10248: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10238: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10202:Ongoing Nakba 10199: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10177: 10165: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10154: 10150: 10148: 10147: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10137: 10135: 10133:Western Front 10131: 10123: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10114:Bengal famine 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10095: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10029: 10028:The Holocaust 10025: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10008: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9979:Eastern Front 9977: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9943: 9939: 9931: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9917: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9899: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9878: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9858: 9851: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9815: 9810: 9807: 9804: 9800: 9797: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9775: 9765: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9745: 9742: 9741: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9728: 9725: 9724: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9711: 9710:Paris Commune 9708: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9695:Turning point 9693: 9691: 9688: 9687: 9686: 9683: 9682: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9647: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9630: 9625: 9622: 9621: 9620: 9617: 9616: 9614: 9610: 9606: 9603: 9599:18th and 19th 9597: 9591: 9588: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9552: 9549: 9545: 9544:Islamic views 9542: 9541: 9540: 9537: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9516: 9509: 9508: 9504: 9502: 9501: 9497: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9478: 9473: 9471: 9466: 9464: 9459: 9458: 9455: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9411:New Caledonia 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9391:Easter Island 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9368: 9366: 9360: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9245: 9240: 9238: 9233: 9231: 9226: 9225: 9222: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9194: 9188: 9184: 9181: 9175: 9172: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9151: 9143: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9118: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8961:Guinea-Bissau 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8837: 8833: 8826: 8821: 8819: 8814: 8812: 8807: 8806: 8803: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8781: 8773: 8772: 8769: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8732: 8728: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8716:South Ossetia 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8430: 8421: 8416: 8414: 8409: 8407: 8402: 8401: 8398: 8386: 8381: 8379: 8378:French Guiana 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8362: 8357: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8273: 8268: 8266: 8261: 8259: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8129: 8123: 8122:United States 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7992: 7987: 7985: 7980: 7978: 7973: 7972: 7969: 7957: 7956:South Ossetia 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7928: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7816:Liechtenstein 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7674: 7669: 7667: 7662: 7660: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7645: 7638: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7608: 7598: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7568: 7566: 7562: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7548: 7545: 7541: 7538: 7534: 7532: 7528: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7481: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7459: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7446: 7442: 7440: 7436: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7257: 7253: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7219: 7216: 7212: 7209: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7196: 7193: 7192:The Historian 7189: 7187: 7183: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7170: 7166: 7165: 7160: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7101: 7098: 7094: 7091: 7087: 7084: 7081: 7078: 7074: 7071: 7067: 7064: 7060: 7057: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7004: 6999: 6998:Lacroix, Paul 6996: 6993: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6951: 6948: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6905:Ira D. Gruber 6902: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6857: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6843: 6839: 6838: 6825: 6818: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6759: 6753: 6746: 6740: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6704: 6697: 6691: 6684: 6678: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6656: 6652: 6649: 6644: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6623: 6617: 6612: 6606: 6600: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6580: 6572: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6548: 6541: 6535: 6528: 6522: 6515: 6512:Kim Coleman, 6509: 6502: 6496: 6489: 6483: 6475: 6469: 6465: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6403: 6397: 6394:. Routledge. 6393: 6386: 6377: 6372: 6369:(344): 3–19. 6368: 6364: 6360: 6353: 6345: 6338: 6336: 6327: 6321: 6317: 6310: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6276: 6273:Robert Held, 6270: 6263: 6257: 6250: 6244: 6237: 6231: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6198: 6195:Tom Parrish, 6192: 6185: 6181: 6178: 6172: 6165: 6159: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6139: 6131: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6036: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6016: 6009: 6005: 6002: 5996: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5953: 5946: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5874: 5873: 5866: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5831: 5824: 5818: 5811: 5810: 5803: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5770: 5763: 5757:, 2005. p. 30 5756: 5750: 5741: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5699: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5667: 5660: 5654: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5608: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5576: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5531: 5522: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5452: 5446: 5438: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5419: 5412: 5406: 5397: 5383:on 2016-04-20 5382: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5339: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5258:Roman warfare 5256: 5254: 5253:Naval history 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5204: 5197: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5186:Iran–Iraq War 5183: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5147: 5145: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4970:and the 1789 4969: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4953: 4951: 4950:feudal levies 4945: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4934:Mughal Empire 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4711:Islamic Spain 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4654: 4653:Fulani Empire 4650: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4567:Constantine I 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4479:Aquae Sextiae 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4418:started with 4417: 4413: 4412:naval warfare 4409: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4374: 4371:, underneath 4370: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4259:Median Empire 4256: 4252: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4185: 4183: 4182:Qin Shi Huang 4178: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4146:Shang dynasty 4142: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4090: 4089:war elephants 4086: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3989: 3988:Carthaginians 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3970:(notably the 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3950:(notably the 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3934:(notably the 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3910: 3905: 3904:nation states 3898: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3754:spy satellite 3751: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3650:Schneider CA1 3643: 3640:. Many early 3639: 3635: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3618:Yokosuka D4Y3 3615: 3606: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3585:The advanced 3583: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3572:Kenneth Swope 3568: 3564: 3558:arquebusiers. 3557: 3553: 3548: 3544: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3517:Heavy cavalry 3514: 3509: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3332:Jean Martinet 3329: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3313:combined arms 3309: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3290: 3289:Robert Fulton 3286: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3253:Iran–Iraq War 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3203:Francis Drake 3200: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3109:M198 howitzer 3105: 3098: 3093: 3085: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2954:ships in 1281 2953: 2949: 2944: 2935: 2933: 2932:Siege warfare 2930:and earlier. 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2826:Naval warfare 2821: 2816: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2789:War elephants 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2771:Indo-Iranians 2767: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2732:horse archers 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2672:pikemen. The 2671: 2667: 2663: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2611:Shang dynasty 2608: 2603: 2594: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2506:Julius Caesar 2502: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2468:The Histories 2464: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2351: 2343: 2338: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2305:Conservative. 2303: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2293: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2202: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2040: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1949:Warrior caste 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1928: 1927: 1920: 1919:Show of force 1917: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1907:Peacebuilding 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1763:Air supremacy 1761: 1760: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1703:Islamic rules 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1683:Court-martial 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1582:Arms industry 1580: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1556: 1555: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1453: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1338: 1337: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1199:Broken-backed 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1074: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1041:Expeditionary 1039: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 973: 970: 969: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 912:Counterattack 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 877: 876: 873: 871: 868: 867: 866: 861: 856: 855: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 837:Psychological 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 773:Combined arms 771: 769: 766: 762: 759: 757: 754: 753: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 715: 710: 709: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 685: 682: 681: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 650: 647: 646: 638: 635: 634: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 612:Fortification 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 599: 598: 595: 594: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 574: 572: 571: 568: 563: 562: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 536: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 513: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 437: 433: 430: 428: 427:Landing craft 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 399: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 378: 375: 374: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 359: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 317: 313: 312:Standing army 310: 308: 305: 303: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 245: 242: 237: 236: 227: 224: 222: 219: 218: 217: 214: 210: 207: 205: 204:pike and shot 202: 201: 200: 197: 193: 190: 189: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 171: 166: 165: 161: 157: 156: 150: 142: 138: 137: 133: 132: 123: 120: 112: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: – 69: 65: 64:Find sources: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42:This article 40: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 13432: 13408: 13396: 13366: 13173:Food studies 13113:Area studies 12924: 12866:mathematical 12861:econometrics 12819:Anthropology 12739: 12728: 12707: 12703:}} 12699:{{ 12586:}} 12582:{{ 12577:}} 12575:World War II 12573:{{ 12568:}} 12564:{{ 12559:}} 12555:{{ 12549: 12543:}} 12539:{{ 12534:}} 12530:{{ 12525:}} 12521:{{ 12516:}} 12512:{{ 12507:}} 12503:{{ 12497: 12493:}} 12489:{{ 12484:}} 12480:{{ 12475:}} 12471:{{ 12437: 12407: 12387: 12359: 12345:Conscription 12339: 12320:Peace treaty 12306: 12011:Subterranean 11899:Radiological 11839:Conventional 11788: 11767:Early modern 11746: 11673: 11610: 11526: 11486: 11448: 11431: 11396: 11385:Combat knife 11375:Flamethrower 11340: 11336:Sniper rifle 11303: 11292:Machine guns 11278: 11215: 11077: 11051: 11041: 11006: 10911: 10880:Organization 10833: 10787:Naval units: 10786: 10782:Signal corps 10744: 10712:Development: 10711: 10701: 10680:Border guard 10643:Intelligence 10627: 10566:Armed Forces 10564: 10533: 10494: 10452: 10432: 10233:Six-Day War 10229:Algerian War 10200: / 10159:Vichy France 10151: 10144: 10054: / 9942:World War II 9838: / 9505: 9499: 9498: 9362:Dependencies 9348:Cook Islands 9196:Saint Helena 9167: 9071:South Africa 9061:Sierra Leone 8866:Burkina Faso 8731:Dependencies 8661:Turkmenistan 8626:Saudi Arabia 8361:Dependencies 8227:Sint Maarten 8207:Saint Martin 7611: 7596: 7579: 7570: 7553: 7543: 7536: 7519: 7512: 7497: 7490: 7483: 7468: 7461: 7451: 7444: 7427: 7410: 7400: 7393: 7376: 7369: 7360: 7346: 7329: 7305: 7288: 7271: 7261: 7241: 7224: 7214: 7207: 7198: 7191: 7174: 7169:Project MUSE 7162: 7148: 7131: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7076: 7069: 7065:(2 vol 2006) 7062: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7001: 6991: 6974: 6967: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6939: 6932: 6922: 6912: 6909:Roy K. Flint 6891: 6881: 6871: 6864: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6823: 6817: 6806: 6801: 6793: 6788: 6770: 6765: 6757: 6752: 6744: 6739: 6731: 6726: 6708: 6703: 6695: 6690: 6682: 6677: 6669: 6664: 6657: 6643: 6636: 6622: 6611: 6604: 6599: 6588: 6579: 6570: 6560: 6552: 6547: 6539: 6534: 6526: 6521: 6513: 6508: 6500: 6495: 6487: 6482: 6463: 6427: 6423: 6391: 6385: 6366: 6362: 6352: 6343: 6315: 6287: 6282: 6274: 6269: 6261: 6256: 6248: 6243: 6235: 6230: 6218:. Retrieved 6214:the original 6204: 6196: 6191: 6171: 6163: 6158: 6138: 6119: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6040: 6035: 6015: 5995: 5982: 5965: 5960: 5950: 5945: 5934:. Retrieved 5913: 5888: 5880: 5870: 5865: 5857: 5852: 5835: 5830: 5822: 5817: 5807: 5802: 5782: 5777: 5767: 5762: 5754: 5749: 5740: 5721: 5703: 5698: 5690: 5685: 5666: 5658: 5653: 5641: 5636: 5617: 5598: 5580: 5575: 5567: 5562: 5544: 5539: 5530: 5521: 5513: 5508: 5490: 5482: 5463: 5458: 5450: 5445: 5425: 5418: 5410: 5405: 5396: 5385:. Retrieved 5381:the original 5376: 5367: 5356:. Retrieved 5342: 5318: 5310: 5302: 5179: 5151:armored tank 5148: 5140: 5125:World War II 5095: 5083:conscription 5080: 5055:Jeremy Black 5052: 5036: 4982: 4975: 4965: 4954: 4946: 4942:Italian Wars 4918:Song dynasty 4911: 4903:Dutch Revolt 4878:Kamehameha I 4867: 4844: 4840:Yuan dynasty 4824:Genghis Khan 4817: 4785:Song dynasty 4767:groups, the 4750: 4738:Seljuk Turks 4715: 4703:Indus Valley 4673:The Islamic 4672: 4657: 4638: 4628: 4605: 4571:Theodosius I 4548: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4495: 4487:Tigranocerta 4471:Gaius Marius 4440: 4410:centered on 4397: 4366: 4342: 4330:Themistocles 4299: 4291:Roman Empire 4248: 4237: 4201:Wiman Joseon 4186: 4166: 4150:Zhou dynasty 4143: 4131:Nanda Empire 4109: 4080:Arthashastra 4078: 4068: 4062: 4060:Indian epics 4049: 4027: 3992: 3978:dynasties), 3913: 3901: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3836: 3828: 3825:, c. 2600 BC 3786: 3739: 3699: 3685: 3662: 3627: 3600: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3541:Oda Nobunaga 3538: 3534: 3530: 3489: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3451: 3413: 3401:Machine guns 3387:. The first 3382: 3378:rocket stick 3374:William Hale 3355: 3344: 3321: 3310: 3304:, a type of 3299: 3293: 3275: 3272: 3257: 3215: 3196: 3160:hand cannons 3153: 3139: 3114: 3037: 2988:Mobile guard 2957: 2914: 2906:Song dynasty 2895: 2876: 2868:Themistocles 2862: 2843: 2824: 2787: 2768: 2729: 2692: 2686: 2659: 2619: 2615:Zhou dynasty 2600: 2591: 2562:Ralph Peters 2536: 2534: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2488: 2466: 2461:(though its 2456: 2426: 2413: 2353: 2313: 2294: 2287: 2276: 2272: 2265: 2255: 2249: 2245: 2237:points out: 2232: 2203: 2191: 2172: 2168: 2147: 2146: 2032:Fifth column 2012:War resister 2007:Women in war 1902:Peacekeeping 1847:Arms control 1792: 1481:Mobilization 1476:Conscription 1434:Intelligence 1387:Organization 1033: 962:Encirclement 842:Radiological 778:Conventional 632:Subterranean 539:Development: 538: 515: 477: 439: 402:Naval units: 401: 394:Signal corps 361: 339:Intelligence 324:Specialties: 323: 248:Organization 199:Early modern 169: 115: 109:October 2022 106: 96: 89: 82: 75: 63: 51:Please help 46:verification 43: 26: 13434:Wikiversity 13325:Social work 13213:Linguistics 13138:Criminology 13055:criminology 13038:personality 12996:comparative 12974:Linguistics 12967:private law 12824:archaeology 12708:Categories: 12649:Disarmament 12566:World War I 12325:Cooperation 12239:Culminating 12163:Operational 12108:Envelopment 12028:Information 11947:Cold-region 11914:Battlespace 11772:Late modern 11752:Prehistoric 11674:Historical: 11611:Facilities: 11137:Armored car 11012:Naval fleet 10750:Combat arms 10745:Land units: 10702:Categories: 10685:Coast guard 10670:Gendarmerie 10593:Space force 10534:Categories: 10448:Recruitment 10162: [ 10097:Pacific War 9881:Article 231 9871:Reparations 9848: [ 9812: [ 9789:Color books 9778:World War I 9762: [ 9739:War of 1812 9644: [ 9627: [ 9612:(1792–1815) 9583:Sea Peoples 9568:Gallic Wars 9295:New Zealand 9123:recognition 9076:South Sudan 8966:Ivory Coast 8790:Asia portal 8691:States with 8611:Philippines 8551:South Korea 8546:North Korea 8441:Afghanistan 8197:Puerto Rico 8107:Saint Lucia 8057:El Salvador 7933:recognition 7906:Switzerland 7846:Netherlands 6590:Smithsonian 5735:, Warburton 5223:War Studies 5115:during the 5029:during the 4993:close order 4955:In Africa, 4855:Polynesians 4836:Kublai Khan 4832:Möngke Khan 4828:Ögedei Khan 4753:Sui dynasty 4675:Arab Empire 4536:Mesopotamia 4369:Macedonians 4306:city-states 4193:Han dynasty 4139:Kalinga War 4064:Mahabharata 4011:Babylonians 3999:Mesopotamia 3956:Gangaridais 3940:Macedonians 3924:Babylonians 3902:Lastly, as 3740:During the 3727:atomic bomb 3719:radio waves 3715:Axis powers 3634:armored car 3620:a Japanese 3591:janissaries 3521:Landsknecht 3463:Eltz Castle 3368:during the 3362:Tipu Sultan 3283:during the 3268:Isaac Peral 3237:Vietnam War 3235:during the 3217:Naval mines 3156:fire lances 3099:-era cannon 3051:Middle Ages 3005:(see also: 2973:Condottieri 2938:Middle-ages 2910:Han dynasty 2635:Auxiliaries 2597:Ancient era 2576:located in 2463:historicity 2409:South Tyrol 2393:World War I 2365:decorations 2017:War studies 1840:Non-warfare 1768:Appeasement 1733:Martial law 1572:War economy 1511:Transgender 1464:Recruitment 1224:Containment 1109:Culminating 1017:Operational 937:Envelopment 880:Air assault 761:Air cavalry 721:Air defence 701:Information 602:Cold-region 567:Battlespace 516:Historical: 362:Land units: 288:Space force 283:Coast guard 216:Late modern 177:Prehistoric 13450:Categories 13379:Humanities 13313:historical 13246:psychology 13218:Management 13060:demography 13018:Psychology 13001:philosophy 12962:public law 12893:integrated 12597:Categories 12443:War crimes 12428:Operations 12365:Government 12181:Blitzkrieg 12153:Withdrawal 12004:Underwater 11979:Amphibious 11921:Aerospace 11864:Electronic 11814:Camouflage 11809:Biological 11782:fourth-gen 11777:industrial 11606:Body armor 11594:Camouflage 11575:By country 11420:By country 11231:By country 11216:Artillery: 11130:By country 11047:Combat box 11017:Task force 10985:By country 10968:By country 10922:Field army 10917:Army group 10885:By country 10834:Air units: 10814:Submarines 10695:By country 10522:By country 10438:Technology 10295:Background 10146:Guilty Men 10088:Uniqueness 10011:Background 10006:Winter War 9930:Background 9863:Versailles 9717:Great Game 9178:(Portugal) 9136:Somaliland 9056:Seychelles 9021:Mozambique 9006:Mauritania 8991:Madagascar 8946:The Gambia 8881:Cape Verde 8671:Uzbekistan 8646:Tajikistan 8561:Kyrgyzstan 8541:Kazakhstan 8461:Bangladesh 8451:Azerbaijan 8192:Montserrat 8187:Martinique 8182:Guadeloupe 8037:Costa Rica 7841:Montenegro 7826:Luxembourg 7806:Kazakhstan 7711:Azerbaijan 5936:2021-04-08 5837:T'oung Pao 5387:2016-04-06 5358:2016-04-06 5157:, and the 5144:Space race 4789:Greek Fire 4563:Diocletian 4475:Germanicus 4404:Punic Wars 4304:, several 4283:Darius III 4271:Asia Minor 4251:Achaemenid 4175:) and his 4137:after the 4115:King Porus 4041:Byzantines 3930:, Ancient 3750:space race 3717:. It used 3669:helicopter 3603:Qi Jiguang 3567:loading." 3525:arquebuses 3393:Winchester 3249:Tanker War 3241:Iraqi Navy 3211:Gravelines 3199:fire ships 3176:wheel lock 2968:Cataphract 2920:hill-forts 2769:The early 2756:Byzantines 2719:, and the 2706:Macedonian 2578:Abu Simbel 2572:Relief of 2477:Thucydides 2449:Trojan War 2361:propaganda 2359:, wartime 2348:See also: 2283:Greek fire 2077:War crimes 2067:Operations 1974:Foot drill 1944:Battle cry 1857:deterrence 1516:Harassment 1491:Specialism 1314:Technology 1309:Succession 1254:Liberation 1189:Asymmetric 1124:Empty fort 1035:Blitzkrieg 1004:Withdrawal 967:Investment 746:Camouflage 741:Biological 679:Underwater 654:Amphibious 573:Aerospace 440:Air units: 417:Submarines 226:fourth-gen 221:industrial 209:napoleonic 79:newspapers 13257:Planning 13236:economics 13153:Education 13050:Sociology 13028:cognitive 12979:semiotics 12930:political 12888:technical 12873:Geography 12846:Economics 12464:Templates 12335:Mediation 12315:Alliances 12308:Diplomacy 12284:Offensive 12264:Defensive 12259:Deception 12229:Attrition 12113:Guerrilla 12061:Airbridge 11879:Loitering 11799:Artillery 11737:Diplomacy 11558:Equipment 11512:Torpedoes 11454:Land mine 11410:Anti-tank 11243:Field gun 11221:Artillery 11157:Gun truck 11142:Scout car 10980:Battalion 10873:Structure 10772:Artillery 10690:Logistics 10638:Engineers 10583:Air force 10066:Pius Wars 9861:Treaty of 9520:conflicts 9265:Australia 9011:Mauritius 8757:Hong Kong 8711:Palestine 8636:Sri Lanka 8631:Singapore 8511:Indonesia 8350:Venezuela 8295:Argentina 8177:Greenland 8092:Nicaragua 8067:Guatemala 7821:Lithuania 6444:144268167 6083:162999079 5967:Mnemosyne 5097:Total war 5027:Coevorden 4914:gunpowder 4847:whakapapa 4793:gunpowder 4748:in 1258. 4691:Byzantium 4664:feudalism 4624:artillery 4616:antiquity 4612:Dark Ages 4559:inflation 4540:Black Sea 4514:Ctesiphon 4483:Vercellae 4400:Etruscans 4158:Confucius 4127:Seleucids 4085:espionage 4015:Assyrians 4007:Akkadians 4003:Sumerians 3960:Gandharas 3920:Assyrians 3916:Egyptians 3515:in 1525. 3420:HNoMS Rap 3317:artillery 3260:submarine 3184:snaphance 3168:matchlock 3130:aconitine 3117:gunpowder 3073:Gunpowder 3033:Trebuchet 2998:Janissary 2963:Artillery 2950:boarding 2946:Japanese 2795:, and by 2752:Sasanians 2740:Scythians 2736:Parthians 2666:phalanxes 2574:Ramses II 2473:Herodotus 2439:(current 2431:(current 1964:War novel 1867:Grey-zone 1827:War games 1788:Overmatch 1738:War crime 1688:Desertion 1678:Ceasefire 1673:Armistice 1560:Logistics 1538:Mercenary 1526:Volunteer 1457:Personnel 1429:Engineers 1374:Sociology 1329:World war 1324:Total war 1304:Strategic 1294:Religious 1279:Political 1274:Perpetual 1249:Irregular 1164:Offensive 1139:Defensive 1134:Deception 1094:Attrition 947:Guerrilla 942:Formation 885:Airbridge 817:Loitering 731:Artillery 384:Artillery 334:Engineers 302:Irregular 273:Air force 13398:Category 13266:regional 13261:land use 13096:business 13065:internet 13023:abnormal 12925:military 12915:economic 12905:cultural 12878:physical 12839:physical 12829:cultural 12730:Category 12654:Pacifism 12584:Cold War 12541:Aircraft 12360:Related: 12211:Strategy 12196:Maneuver 12133:Swarming 11962:Mountain 11930:Airborne 11869:Infantry 11824:Chemical 11789:By type: 11717:Strategy 11540:Missiles 11468:Sea/Air: 11437:Infantry 11398:Missiles 11255:Howitzer 11071:Vehicles 11037:Squadron 11032:Flotilla 11027:Division 10963:Regiment 10939:Division 10839:Fighters 10802:Littoral 10792:Warships 10755:Infantry 10737:Branches 10623:Reserves 10608:Commando 10512:Uniforms 10423:Military 10416:Concepts 10405:Military 10362:Category 10180:Cold War 10083:Slovakia 9670:Waterloo 9539:Crusades 9484:Military 9280:Kiribati 9202: / 9198: / 9191:(France) 9185: / 9163: / 9159: / 9111:Zimbabwe 9086:Tanzania 8936:Ethiopia 8931:Eswatini 8911:Djibouti 8876:Cameroon 8861:Botswana 8780:Category 8701:Abkhazia 8651:Thailand 8606:Pakistan 8586:Mongolia 8581:Maldives 8576:Malaysia 8476:Cambodia 8340:Suriname 8330:Paraguay 8315:Colombia 8142:Anguilla 8077:Honduras 8047:Dominica 8022:Barbados 7941:Abkhazia 7891:Slovenia 7886:Slovakia 7866:Portugal 7731:Bulgaria 7587:Archived 7561:Archived 7527:Archived 7435:Archived 7430:(2018) 7418:Archived 7413:(2018) 7384:Archived 7337:Archived 7334:in JSTOR 7320:Archived 7296:Archived 7293:in JSTOR 7279:Archived 7232:Archived 7217:, (1992) 7182:Archived 7139:Archived 7134:(1986). 7032:Archived 7020:. 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