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one of the three seats available under section 6. As section 5 does not require that the appointee be a current member of a superior court or the bar of a province, Moldaver held that both current and past advocates of at least ten years' standing at the Quebec Bar are eligible for appointment to the Court. As Nadon had previously been a member of the Quebec Bar for more than ten years, Moldaver would have upheld his appointment.
287:, which was based on a fictional charismatic criminal defence lawyer. Moldaver stated that the thought of "being able to defend a person charged with murder, who was innocent, and have the real culprit confess after a blistering cross-examination was too much for to resist". His passion for criminal law crystallized during his time with Martin, whom he later described as the "Dean of criminal law in Canada".
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the
Superior Court of Quebec and the Quebec Court of Appeal. Put another way, s. 6 builds on s. 5 by requiring that for three of the seats on this Court, the candidates who meet the criteria of s. 5 must be chosen from three Quebec institutions (the Barreau du Québec, the Quebec Court of Appeal, and the Superior Court of Quebec). Section 6 does not impose any additional requirements.
396:'s case was brought before the Court in 2006. In 2007, Moldaver joined the court in acquitting Truscott of his 1959 rape and murder convictions, due to new medical evidence and fresh testimony. During the trial, Moldaver was critical of the investigating team, questioning them as to why they never considered a sexual psychopath as a suspect.
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years before his eventual appointment to the
Supreme Court of Canada. While at the Court of Appeal, Moldaver was known as one of the Court's most outspoken members and was considered an expert on criminal law. In a series of controversial speeches, he complained that criminal defence lawyers would sometimes "trivialize" the
795:. He stated that the nature of the hybrid offence acts a "safety valve", which ensures that the least serious offenders will not face three years in prison. Therefore, Moldaver argued the focus should be on the constitutionality of the Crown's election to proceed by indictment rather than summarily, not the law itself.
799:… First, the court must determine whether the scheme adequately protects against grossly disproportionate sentences in general. Second, the court must determine whether the Crown has exercised its discretion in a manner that results in a grossly disproportionate sentence for the particular offender before the court.
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Apart from post-secondary education, Moldaver has contributed to continuing legal education programs for lawyers and the judiciary. He has frequently taught and spoken at numerous educational programs. Some of which include programs sponsored by the
National Judicial Institute, the Canadian Institute
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Section 5 sets out the threshold eligibility requirements to be appointed a judge of this Court. Section 6 guarantees three Quebec seats on the Court by specifying that, for at least three of the judges, the bar mentioned in s. 5 is the
Barreau du Québec and the superior courts mentioned in s. 5 are
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In 1990, at age 42, Moldaver was appointed to the High Court of
Justice of the Supreme Court of Ontario (now known as the Ontario Superior Court of Justice). He spent five years there before being elevated to the Court of Appeal for Ontario in 1995. Moldaver sat on the Court of Appeal for the next 16
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Section 5 states, "Any person may be appointed a judge who is or has been a judge of a superior court of a province or a barrister or advocate of at least ten years standing at the bar of a province." Moldaver argued that a judge who meets the requirements under section 5, is eligible to be named to
461:. He was formally appointed to the Court on October 21, 2011. Though Moldaver was appointed by a Conservative government, he is not seen as having a strong conservative political ideology but has been described as being mildly conservative, with a dedication to being pragmatic and following the law.
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claims, he suggested he wants to see changes that will "simplify the criminal law, and in the process, restore the public's faith and confidence in our criminal justice system". Though the majority of his comments have been directed towards defence lawyers, Moldaver has also been critical of Crown
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and Alan Gold. He gained a wealth of experience in short time, as he was given the opportunity to work on murder files in his first year. As he continued to develop and progress into becoming a successful lawyer, he tried to stay true to his personal motto: "Don't go to trial unless you absolutely
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He emphasized that the police only require a reasonable suspicion that they will find narcotics and not a reasonable probability of finding them. Moldaver said that to determine whether the threshold has been satisfied, common sense, flexibility and experience must be viewed through the eyes of a
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In sum, while it is critical that the line between a hunch and reasonable suspicion be maintained to prevent the police from engaging in indiscriminate or discriminatory practices, it is equally vital that the police be allowed to carry out their duties without undue scepticism or the requirement
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of his 1972 murder conviction. Moldaver ultimately decided to overturn the conviction due to the Crown's failure to disclose a key piece of evidence. Moldaver held the missing evidence would have been "gold" in the defence lawyer's hands and that there was overwhelming support for the claim the
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Where the state recruits an accused into a fictitious criminal organization of its own making and seeks to elicit a confession from him, any confession made by the accused to the state during the operation should be treated as presumptively inadmissible. This presumption of inadmissibility is
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Moldaver wrote the majority decision in the 5–4 ruling, holding the search was constitutional. He held that police are permitted to use sniffer-dogs to search for drugs and prevent crimes, even in situations where individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy, provided the police have
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in
Toronto at Thomson Rogers. At that time, his mind was set on finishing his articles and then returning to Peterborough to practice with his brother. However, Moldaver's plans changed with the opportunity to finish the last six months of his articles with a leading criminal defence lawyer,
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In his first year on the
Supreme Court, Moldaver penned eight majority decisions. He was the only member of the Court to be a part of all 75 majority decisions rendered that year. In the following years, Moldaver has written some notable decisions. In 2013, in
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These comments received pushback from criminal lawyers, who accused
Moldaver of interpreting the Charter as a "weed to be stunted" instead of a "vital living tree". In expressing his disapproval with counsel who clog the justice system by bringing baseless
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When terrorists acting on
Canadian soil are apprehended and brought to justice, the responsibility lies with the courts to send a clear and unmistakable message that terrorism is reprehensible and those who choose to engage in it here will pay a very heavy
259:. Moldaver struggled in his first semester of law school and failed his December exams. Moldaver recovered and upon his graduation in 1971, was named his graduating year's gold medalist, an award given to the student with the highest academic average.
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The Right
Honourable Richard Wagner, Chief Justice of Canada, announces that Justice Michael J. Moldaver has notified the Minister of Justice, the Honourable David Lametti, of his retirement from the Supreme Court of Canada, effective September 1,
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Moldaver wrote the majority judgement in the 5–4 decision. In upholding a police search and seizure, he argued that every single police action should not be "placed under a scanning electron-microscope". In 2014, writing for the majority in
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He concluded that an accused party will not be unjustly punished, based solely on the Crown's election, because if the Crown proceeds improperly and it leads to a "grossly disproportionate" sentence, there are remedies for an accused under
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suggested it should not be assumed that someone cannot learn French. Moldaver expressed his respect for the French language and apologized for his inability to speak it; he committed himself to becoming more proficient in the future.
837:, a director of the Criminal Lawyers' Association and the Advocates' Society, and a co-chair of the University of Toronto Academic Tribunal, Discipline Subsection. In addition, he co-chaired the 1989 and 1990 Advocacy Symposiums.
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As his parents did not have the opportunity to receive a formal education, they stressed the importance of their sons receiving higher education. Moldaver attended elementary school at Queen Mary Public School and high school at
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requirements. By a 6–1 decision, the Court held that only current members of the Quebec Bar or a Quebec Superior Court satisfied the requirements and could validly be appointed. Consequently, Nadon's appointment was quashed.
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and the University of Toronto. Though he no longer teaches at either university, he continues to sponsor awards at the University of Toronto. Moldaver has volunteered as a guest judge on final panels for various national
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induces a confession as proof of the accused's loyalty to a criminal organization. In changing the common law test for the admissibility of a confession, Moldaver established a new test. In order for a confession to be
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Many of the Charter issues that you are likely to encounter on a day-to-day basis have been thoroughly litigated, all the way to the Supreme Court. By and large the governing principles are firmly established.
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656:, the accused, Benjamin Cain MacKenzie, was charged with possession of a controlled drug for the purpose of trafficking. Police pulled MacKenzie over during a highway traffic stop and, through the use of a
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sting operation. He held that the confessions will only be admissible if they contain probative value and do not cause an abuse of process. In 2015, he wrote the dissenting judgment in the 6–3 decision in
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Following his articles, Moldaver began his career as a criminal practitioner at the law firm of Pomerant, Pomerant and Greenspan and became a partner in 1975. He had the opportunity to work with Justice
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to be appointed to one of Quebec's three constitutionally guaranteed seats in the Supreme Court. The reference came before the Court in response to Stephen Harper's appointment of Justice Marc Nadon, a
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Did the thought ever cross your mind that, for someone to strangle her then sexually assault her, you might want to be looking for someone who is more of a pervert, more of a sexual psychopath?
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expressed concerns his appointment would deny Francophones equality before the law and was a step backwards because his predecessor – Justice Louise Charron – was bilingual. However, the
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Avant de commencer les plaidoiries ce matin, je tiens souligner qu'il s'agit aujourd'hui de la dernière participation du juge Moldaver aux audiences de la Cour suprême du Canada.
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claims as a means to challenge evidence. In his 2005 address to the Criminal Lawyers Association, Moldaver stated that the criminal lawyer who continues to "throw up a medley of
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stated that criminal punishments need to reflect the seriousness of the crime. As a result, the Court held that the mandatory minimums are inconsistent with section 12 of the
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counsel. He has questioned whether they overcharge, refuse to yield to reasonable defence requests, and push the evidentiary envelope beyond what is needed for a conviction.
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to life in prison for engaging in terrorist activity. The Court held that harsh sentences are required to deter individuals from engaging in future terrorist activity.
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738:. He held that "misconduct that offends the community’s sense of fair play and decency will amount to an abuse of process and warrant the exclusion of the statement."
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because he was not a current member of a Quebec Superior Court or the Quebec Bar. The Court was asked to determine if a former member of the Quebec Bar satisfied the
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227:. He is the youngest of Irving Moldaver and Ruth Moldaver's three sons. Moldaver's father, Irving, was a Jewish Russian immigrant to Peterborough who worked as a
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787:. He argued that the illegal firearm possession provisions are hybrid offences and therefore only carry the mandatory minimum sentence if the Crown proceeds by
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and upheld Parliament's three-year mandatory minimum sentence for illegal possession of a loaded firearm. Additionally, Moldaver wrote the lone dissent in
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Moldaver has been married several times. He is currently married to Rivka Moldaver. He has two daughters, Shannon and Jessica, and two grandchildren.
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Moldaver always wanted to pursue criminal law, as he enjoyed his criminal law classes in law school. In addition, he also admired the television show
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overcome where the Crown can establish, on a balance of probabilities, that the probative value of the confession outweighs its prejudicial effect.
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2785:"R v Nur: The Battle of Two Approaches to Challenging a Mandatory Minimum Sentence Under s. 52 of the Constitution Act, 1982 - TheCourt.ca"
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Moldaver expanded this test to protect an accused, by allowing confessions to be admissible only if the accused would not be subject to an
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Moldaver has maintained an active role within the legal community. During his career as a trial lawyer, he was a one-time co-chair of the
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rights against unreasonable search and seizure because the police lacked reasonable suspicion he was involved in a drug related offence.
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to the Supreme Court. As of March 2017, Moldaver has written 39 majority judgments and 10 dissents during his time on the Supreme Court.
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Throughout his professional life, Moldaver has contributed to legal education. From 1975 to 1995, he taught criminal law classes at
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lawyers' roles in the growing length of trials. In a series of speeches, Moldaver stated that criminal lawyers have demeaned the
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Michael Moldaver's final sitting day on the Supreme Court was May 19, 2022. His retirement was effective September 1, 2022.
1311:"Justice Michael Moldaver, one of two Ontario judges nominated to the Supreme Court on Monday, isn't shy about speaking up"
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metal dealer; Ruth Moldaver's family ran a clothing store. Moldaver's maternal grandfather was also Peterborough's first
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In hearings, he was the court's most outspoken and passionate defender of female complainants in sexual-assault cases
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expressed their concerns over his lack of French proficiency and claimed they would not support his nomination. The
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Moldaver's nomination raised some concern, due to his prior statements made about criminal defence lawyers and the
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Amongst others, he sat on the final panel of the 2014 Wilson Moot and the 2016 Davies Corporate/Securities Moot.
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for the Administration of Justice, the Ontario Crown Attorneys' Association, Criminal Lawyers' Association and
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advocated for Moldaver, noting he was capable of using the translation services offered in the Court. Interim
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of three and five years for the possession of a loaded prohibited firearm – contrary to section 95(1) of the
595:, the Supreme Court was asked to determine the eligibility requirements for members of Quebec Courts and the
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Dissenting, Moldaver held that the mandatory minimum sentencing provisions do not violate section 12 of the
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until his retirement in 2022. Before his elevation to the nation's top court, he served as a judge at the
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702:, Moldaver established a new test for determining the admissibility of confessions obtained through a
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Michael Moldaver, Long Criminal Trials: Masters of a System They Are Meant to Serve, 32 CR (6th) 316
453:. His nomination and eventual appointment filled one of the two vacancies left by retiring Justices
311:. After two years, he joined Goodman and Goodman, where he spent the rest of his practising career.
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Moldaver, Michael J. (2005). "Long Criminal Trials: Masters of a System They are Meant to Serve".
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reasonable person armed with the knowledge, training and experience of the investigating officer.
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Moldaver disagreed with the majority and wrote a strong dissent. Under his interpretation of the
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Moldaver redefined the common law test for the admissibility of confessions obtained through a
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Throughout his career, Moldaver has appeared in front of courts at every level, including the
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2575:"Supreme Court stands by existing rules for police searches using sniffer dogs - Macleans.ca"
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Moldaver's nomination received further criticism for his inability to speak French. Both the
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2991:"Justice Michael Moldaver, outspoken champion of sexual assault complainants, has retired"
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reasonable grounds to suspect that the search will reveal evidence of a criminal offence.
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and the Quebec government. They argued Nadon was not eligible for appointment under the
330:. Following that application, he told his firm he was "never going back to that place".
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issues in the hopes that one or two might stick" should realize "those days are gone".
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for over 20 years. A former criminal lawyer, Moldaver is considered an expert in both
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2665:"Sniffer dogs can be used for 'reasonable' police drug searches, Supreme Court rules"
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2042:"The State of the Criminal Justice System in 2006: An Appellate Judge's Perspective"
1962:"The State of the Criminal Justice System in 2006: An Appellate Judge's Perspective"
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On October 17, 2011, Moldaver, along with fellow Court of Appeal for Ontario judge
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1764:"Harper to appoint Ontario judges Karakatsanis and Moldaver to Supreme Court: CTV"
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2385:"Reference re Supreme Court Act: Defining Appointments to Canada's Highest Court"
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1219:"Justice Moldaver on lawyering, life at the SCC, and Judge Judy | Ultra Vires"
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section 5 and section 6 are sufficiently related and are to be read together.
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1057:"Canada's bench strength: Meet the judges, new and old, of the Supreme Court"
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2925:"Webcast - The Hon. Michael J. Moldaver bids farewell to the Supreme Court"
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2416:"Could the Conservatives appoint another Marc Nadon to the Supreme Court?"
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and are therefore declared of no force of effect under section 52 of the
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Some of the most frequently cited cases in which he was counsel include:
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Michael Moldaver, Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6 at para 119
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out of monetary self-interest by arguing for unnecessary rights claims.
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2453:"Digest of the Week — The Nadon Reference | WestlawNext Canada Portal"
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Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Moldaver, 2017-03-25
449:, was nominated to the Supreme Court of Canada by then-Prime Minister
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that their every move be placed under a scanning electron microscope.
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During his time at the Court of Appeal, Moldaver was involved in the
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for being cruel and unusual punishment. Writing for a 6–3 majority,
2484:"Nadon appointment rejected on technicality, Justice Cromwell says"
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2216:"A New Standard for "Mr. Big" Confessions: R v Hart - TheCourt.ca"
1887:"Is Harper stacking the Supreme Court with conservative justices?"
931:"Michael Moldaver's climb to top court had blue-collar beginnings"
1857:"PM taps Ontario judges Karakatsanis, Moldaver for Supreme Court"
1284:(1982), 18 MVR 256, 2 CCC (3d) 247, 1982 CarswellOnt 40 (Ont CA).
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of two longstanding murder convictions. Led by Innocence Canada,
1572:"Romeo Phillion's murder conviction struck down | Toronto Star"
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In 2009, Moldaver wrote the majority decision which acquitted
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2541:"Top court allows dog drug searches on 'reasonable' grounds"
1637:"Ontario Court of Appeal sentences Khwaja to life in prison"
2313:"The Nadon Reference: A Unique Challenge - LawNow Magazine"
1162:"Supreme Court of Canada - Biography - Michael J. Moldaver"
664:. MacKenzie alleged the dog's sniff violated his section 8
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In 2011, Moldaver, along with a unanimous court, sentenced
2727:"Revisiting "Mr. Big" Confessions: R v Mack - TheCourt.ca"
2279:"Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss. 5 and 6, 2014 SCC 21"
875:
Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Moldaver
577:, where he supported Stephen Harper's decision to appoint
2634:"Supreme Court allows wider use of police 'sniffer dogs'"
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University of Alberta: Centre for Constitutional Studies
1928:"Christie Blatchford: Some star power for our top court"
1272:(1979), 47 CCC (2d) 369, 1979 CarswellOnt 1334 (Ont CA).
3049:"Davies - Davies' Annual Corporate/Securities Law Moot"
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In 2015, the Court was asked to determine whether the
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have to, but if you do go to trial – make your mark."
2082:"Supreme Court nominee vows to improve French skills"
1733:"Prime minister to announce 2 Supreme Court nominees"
2113:"The Hill: One unilingual judge on SCC bench enough"
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Canadian Public Affairs: Justice Moldaver Interview
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application for leave to appeal a case to the Court
307:in 1985, he left the firm to begin practicing as a
193:from his 2011 appointment by former Prime Minister
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1251:), 33 CCC (2d) 422, 1977 CarswellOnt 982 (Ont CA).
804:Michael Moldaver, R v Nur, 2015 SCC 15 at para 157
729:Michael Moldaver, R v Hart, 2014 SCC 52 at para 85
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1217:Rozee, Clara; Reynolds, Nick (October 28, 2015).
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2696:"SCC sets high standard for Mr. Big confessions"
1671:"Ontario court sends tough message on terrorism"
267:Upon graduating from law school, Moldaver began
2823:"SCC quashes mandatory minimums for gun crimes"
2482:Stone, Laura; Fine, Sean (September 14, 2016).
1702:"Supreme Court judge nominees named by Harper"
1019:"Meet the Newest Members of the Supreme Court"
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1260:R v Torbiak (1978), 40 CCC (2d) 193 (Ont CA).
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567:. He argued that the Court should have shown
55:October 21, 2011 – September 1, 2022
2514:"Supreme Court Act, RSC 1985, c S-26 at s.5"
1160:Canada, Supreme Court of (January 1, 2001).
682:Michael Moldaver, R v MacKenzie, 2013 SCC 50
251:in 1968. From there, he decided to pursue a
5034:University of Toronto Faculty of Law alumni
5014:Justices of the Court of Appeal for Ontario
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1494:Legal Affairs Reporter (October 17, 2011).
1309:Legal Affairs Reporter (October 17, 2011).
223:Moldaver was born on December 23, 1947, in
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1960:Moldaver, Michael J. (November 15, 2006).
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1529:. Random House of Canada Ltd. p. 468.
1054:
698:In 2014, writing for a unanimous Court in
593:Reference Re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6
586:Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6
574:Reference Re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6
435:
409:evidence had not been properly disclosed.
322:. As a lawyer, his only appearance in the
2663:The Canadian Press (September 17, 2013).
2573:The Canadian Press (September 27, 2013).
2481:
2040:Moldaver, Michael J (November 15, 2006).
2009:Blatchford, Christie (October 19, 2011).
1818:
604:judge. The appointment was challenged by
2039:
1993:
1959:
1496:"Moldaver 'a force to be reckoned with'"
969:"Michael Moldaver sworn in to top court"
5019:Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada
2675:from the original on September 26, 2020
2174:"R v Mackenzie, 2013 SCC 50 at para 65"
2144:"Changes coming fast for Supreme Court"
2110:
1938:from the original on September 26, 2020
1821:"Binnie and Charron to retire from SCC"
1460:"Court acquits Truscott | Toronto Star"
1205:PSI Mind Development Institute Ltd. v R
1107:Beyond Politics - CPAC (July 3, 2014),
719:must outweigh the prejudicial effect.
382:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
353:PSI Mind Development Institute Ltd. v R
212:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
4996:
3322:December 26, 2005 – February 28, 2006:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2627:
2625:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2568:
2566:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2340:
2338:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1700:Meagan Fitzpatrick (17 October 2011).
1664:
1662:
1506:from the original on December 27, 2012
1371:
1369:
1346:
1344:
1329:from the original on December 27, 2012
1159:
829:Involvement within the legal community
243:. Upon graduating, he enrolled at the
4354:
4048:December 18, 2017–September 15, 2019:
4011:
3955:October 28, 2016 – December 15, 2017:
3909:September 1, 2016 – October 28, 2016:
3081:
2782:
2724:
2413:
2395:from the original on November 8, 2015
2347:"SCC rules against Nadon appointment"
2226:from the original on October 29, 2017
2213:
2141:
2111:Cleroux, Richard (October 24, 2011).
2080:Kilpatrick, Sean (October 19, 2011).
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2011:"Holy smokes! A Supreme who's a star"
1989:
1987:
1955:
1953:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1854:
1792:
1668:
1634:
1569:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1457:
1304:
1302:
1200:
1198:
1185:
1183:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
928:
262:
178:(born December 23, 1947) is a former
3858:August 31, 2015 – September 1, 2016:
3465:December 22, 2008 – August 30, 2011:
3271:October 4, 2004 – December 25, 2005:
2988:
2949:
2917:
2820:
2693:
2631:
2383:Snyder, Lorraine (October 8, 2014).
2344:
2214:Woods, Stuart (September 18, 2014).
1712:from the original on 17 October 2011
1635:Cohen, Gail J. (December 17, 2010).
1524:
1429:"Innocence Canada – Steven Truscott"
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1069:from the original on October 5, 2016
1029:from the original on March 27, 2017.
966:
962:
960:
958:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
535:
3807:December 1, 2014 – August 31, 2015:
3516:August 30, 2011 – October 27, 2011:
3059:from the original on March 24, 2017
3053:Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg
3029:from the original on March 24, 2017
2833:from the original on March 27, 2017
2807:
2795:from the original on March 27, 2017
2771:
2737:from the original on March 31, 2017
2706:from the original on August 4, 2014
2644:from the original on March 30, 2017
2622:
2597:
2563:
2551:from the original on March 30, 2017
2528:
2494:from the original on March 26, 2017
2463:from the original on March 30, 2017
2438:
2426:from the original on March 26, 2017
2369:
2335:
2323:from the original on March 30, 2017
2293:
2266:
2238:
2200:
2154:from the original on March 27, 2017
2123:from the original on March 19, 2017
2092:from the original on March 19, 2017
2052:from the original on March 19, 2017
2021:from the original on March 30, 2017
1972:from the original on March 19, 2017
1879:
1867:from the original on March 19, 2017
1843:
1831:from the original on March 30, 2017
1681:from the original on March 30, 2017
1659:
1647:from the original on April 23, 2017
1582:from the original on March 30, 2017
1551:from the original on March 30, 2017
1541:"Innocence Canada – Romeo Phillion"
1470:from the original on March 30, 2017
1439:from the original on March 30, 2017
1409:from the original on March 30, 2017
1366:
1341:
1229:from the original on March 25, 2017
985:from the original on March 23, 2017
943:from the original on March 23, 2017
706:operation – a procedure whereby an
468:. Moldaver has publicly criticised
13:
3659:October 5, 2012 – August 31, 2013:
3562:October 27, 2011 – August 7, 2012:
2931:(in Canadian French), 2022-05-19,
2757:"R v Hart, 2014 SCC 52 at para 85"
2725:Woods, Stuart (November 7, 2014).
2357:from the original on June 25, 2015
2064:
1984:
1950:
1909:
1897:from the original on April 1, 2017
1819:Melnitzer, Julius (May 13, 2011).
1482:
1299:
1195:
1180:
1117:from the original on April 7, 2017
1110:Beyond Politics - Justice Moldaver
997:
14:
5060:
5029:People from Peterborough, Ontario
3756:June 9, 2014 – November 30, 2014:
3613:August 7, 2012 – October 5, 2012:
3419:July 1, 2008 – December 22, 2008:
2632:Fine, Sean (September 27, 2013).
1669:Makin, Kirk (December 17, 2010).
1458:Tyler, Tracey (August 28, 2007).
1399:"Innocence Canada – Exonerations"
1296:(1987), 35 CCC (3d) 144 (Ont CA).
1207:(1977), 37 CCC (2d) 263 (Ont HC).
1192:(1977), 35 CCC (2d) 151 (Ont CA).
1128:
1081:
1017:Allen, Kate (November 15, 2011).
967:Akin, David (November 15, 2011).
955:
929:Allen, Kate (November 14, 2011).
903:
887:Supreme Court of Canada Biography
880:
316:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
199:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
4201:September 1, 2022–June 12, 2023:
4099:September 16, 2019–July 1, 2021:
3169:August 7, 2002 – August 1, 2003:
2989:Fine, Sean (24 September 2022).
2821:Kari, Shannon (April 14, 2015).
2783:Casey, Jordan (April 16, 2015).
1855:Makin, Kirk (October 17, 2011).
860:
645:
373:
4381:Current Canadian federal judges
4252:June 12, 2023–November 5, 2023:
3710:August 31, 2013 – June 9, 2014:
3220:August 5, 2003 – June 30, 2004:
3118:January 7, 2000 – July 1, 2002:
3041:
3011:
2982:
2967:from the original on 2022-07-21
2961:Supreme Court of Canada website
2935:from the original on 2022-05-19
2929:Supreme Court of Canada website
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2749:
2718:
2687:
2656:
2506:
2475:
2407:
2255:
2188:
2166:
2135:
2104:
2033:
2002:
1812:
1786:
1755:
1743:from the original on 2011-10-19
1731:Robert Fife (16 October 2011).
1724:
1693:
1628:
1606:
1594:
1570:Tyler, Tracey (March 9, 2009).
1563:
1533:
1518:
1451:
1421:
1391:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1254:
1241:
660:, discovered a large amount of
3368:March 1, 2006 – June 30, 2008:
2345:Dias, David (March 21, 2014).
2311:Edmond, John (June 30, 2015).
2142:Makin, Kirk (March 29, 2013).
1762:Kirk Makin (16 October 2011).
1377:"Truscott (Re), 2007 ONCA 575"
1210:
1055:Fine, Sean (October 3, 2016).
440:
1:
4150:July 1, 2021–August 31, 2022:
2694:Dias, David (July 31, 2014).
2414:Stone, Laura (May 13, 2014).
1793:Kauth, Glenn (May 13, 2011).
1352:"R v Phillion, 2009 ONCA 202"
897:
847:law school moot competitions.
820:
426:Court of Appeal for Ontario,
255:and enrolled at the school's
5049:21st-century Canadian judges
5044:University of Toronto alumni
2612:"R v MacKenzie, 2014 SCC 50"
1614:"R v Khawaja, 2010 ONCA 862"
7:
4298:November 6, 2023 – Present:
1795:"Binnie, Charron to retire"
1603:, 2009 SCC 202 at para 146.
868:
750:mandatory minimum sentences
691:
430:, 2010 ONCA 862 at para 246
320:Court of Appeal for Ontario
203:Court of Appeal for Ontario
10:
5065:
2914:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 160.
2902:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 157.
2890:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 149.
2878:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 148.
2866:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 119.
741:
16:Canadian judge (born 1947)
4831:
4566:
4446:
4386:
4297:
4251:
4200:
4149:
4098:
4047:
3954:
3908:
3857:
3806:
3755:
3709:
3658:
3612:
3561:
3515:
3464:
3418:
3367:
3321:
3270:
3219:
3168:
3117:
2854:, 2015 SCC 15 at para 44.
715:, Moldaver held that the
169:
159:
151:
130:
108:
103:
99:
87:
71:
59:
48:
37:
33:
21:
835:Canadian Bar Association
219:Early life and education
5039:Canadian King's Counsel
4403:Andromache Karakatsanis
2046:Ontario Court of Appeal
1966:Ontario Court of Appeal
855:Ontario Bar Association
842:Osgoode Hall Law School
768:Chief Justice McLachlin
602:Federal Court of Appeal
447:Andromache Karakatsanis
436:Supreme Court of Canada
324:Supreme Court of Canada
241:Peterborough Collegiate
191:Supreme Court of Canada
43:Supreme Court of Canada
2547:. September 27, 2013.
807:
777:Constitution Act, 1982
755:Canadian Criminal Code
732:
685:
639:
517:Quebec Bar Association
496:
433:
402:
295:, and notable lawyers
4473:J. D. Denis Pelletier
1525:Sher, Julian (2008).
974:Peterborough Examiner
812:section 24(1) of the
797:
721:
674:
628:
486:
476:by bringing baseless
418:
398:
274:Goldwyn Arthur Martin
245:University of Toronto
225:Peterborough, Ontario
207:Canadian criminal law
137:University of Toronto
125:Peterborough, Ontario
4773:Richard F. Southcott
4042:court (2017–present)
1926:(October 17, 2011).
1924:Blatchford, Christie
1893:. November 2, 2011.
513:New Democratic Party
4928:Frank J. Pizzitelli
4823:Ekaterina Tsimberis
4793:Anne Marie McDonald
4678:Leonard S. Mandamin
4593:Douglas R. Campbell
4433:Michelle O'Bonsawin
2015:Winnipeg Free Press
616:Supreme Court Act's
94:Michelle O'Bonsawin
28:Michael J. Moldaver
4968:Don R. Sommerfeldt
4883:Campbell J. Miller
4853:Pierre Archambault
4813:SĂ©bastien Grammond
4803:William F. Pentney
4778:Patrick K. Gleeson
4733:Glennys L. McVeigh
4698:Mary J. L. Gleason
4693:Marie-Josée Bédard
4653:Michel M. J. Shore
4638:Sean J. Harrington
4603:Elizabeth Heneghan
4518:Mary J. L. Gleason
2995:The Globe and Mail
2638:The Globe and Mail
2488:The Globe and Mail
2148:The Globe and Mail
1998:. 32 CR (6th) 316.
1861:The Globe and Mail
1768:The Globe and Mail
1675:The Globe and Mail
1527:Until You Are Dead
1062:The Globe and Mail
793:summary conviction
708:undercover officer
624:Supreme Court Act,
569:judicial restraint
521:Conservative Party
303:After being named
263:Career as a lawyer
4991:
4990:
4958:Dominique Lafleur
4948:Kathleen T. Lyons
4938:Randall S. Bocock
4788:Sylvie E. Roussel
4723:Cecily Strickland
4713:Michael D. Manson
4668:Anne L. Mactavish
4658:Michael L. Phelan
4583:Sandra J. Simpson
4558:André F. J. Scott
4538:Marianne Rivoalen
4348:
4347:
4005:
4004:
3125:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
3055:. March 7, 2016.
3019:"The Wilson Moot"
611:Supreme Court Act
536:Notable judgments
309:sole practitioner
173:
172:
119:December 23, 1947
5056:
4923:Steven K. D'Arcy
4908:Patrick J. Boyle
4808:Shirzad S. Ahmed
4798:Roger Lafreniere
4758:Simon Fothergill
4753:Keith M. Boswell
4738:Martine St-Louis
4673:Robert L. Barnes
4577:Paul S. Crampton
4513:Donald J. Rennie
4483:Johanne Gauthier
4457:Yves de Montigny
4423:Nicholas Kasirer
4375:
4368:
4361:
4352:
4351:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4009:
4008:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2780:
2769:
2768:
2763:. Archived from
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2608:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2581:. Archived from
2570:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2537:
2526:
2525:
2520:. Archived from
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2449:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2308:
2291:
2290:
2285:. Archived from
2275:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2211:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2180:. Archived from
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2077:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1996:Criminal Reports
1991:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1920:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1770:. Archived from
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1620:. Archived from
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1576:The Toronto Star
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1545:Innocence Canada
1537:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1464:The Toronto Star
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1433:Innocence Canada
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1403:Innocence Canada
1395:
1389:
1388:
1383:. Archived from
1373:
1364:
1363:
1358:. Archived from
1348:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1315:The Toronto Star
1306:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1164:. Archived from
1157:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1104:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1052:
1031:
1030:
1014:
995:
994:
992:
990:
964:
953:
952:
950:
948:
926:
805:
791:, instead of by
736:abuse of process
730:
683:
637:
494:
470:criminal defence
431:
253:Bachelor of Laws
249:Bachelor of Arts
176:Michael Moldaver
122:
118:
116:
104:Personal details
90:
74:
62:
53:
19:
18:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5053:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4973:Henry A. Visser
4933:Johanne D'Auray
4848:Anick Pelletier
4842:Eugene Rossiter
4827:
4763:B. Richard Bell
4562:
4543:George R. Locke
4448:Court of Appeal
4442:
4382:
4379:
4349:
4344:
4305:A. Karakatsanis
4293:
4259:A. Karakatsanis
4247:
4208:A. Karakatsanis
4196:
4162:A. Karakatsanis
4145:
4116:A. Karakatsanis
4094:
4065:A. Karakatsanis
4043:
4036:
4006:
4001:
3972:A. Karakatsanis
3950:
3926:A. Karakatsanis
3904:
3880:A. Karakatsanis
3853:
3834:A. Karakatsanis
3802:
3788:A. Karakatsanis
3751:
3742:A. Karakatsanis
3705:
3696:A. Karakatsanis
3654:
3650:A. Karakatsanis
3608:
3604:A. Karakatsanis
3557:
3511:
3460:
3414:
3363:
3317:
3266:
3215:
3164:
3113:
3112:court (2000–17)
3106:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3012:
2999:
2997:
2987:
2983:
2970:
2968:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2938:
2936:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2819:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2781:
2772:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2623:
2610:
2609:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2571:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2539:
2538:
2529:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2457:Thomson Reuters
2451:
2450:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2381:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2343:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2317:LawNow Magazine
2309:
2294:
2277:
2276:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2078:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1992:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1958:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1921:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1667:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1633:
1629:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1492:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1158:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1105:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1053:
1034:
1015:
998:
988:
986:
965:
956:
946:
944:
927:
904:
900:
883:
871:
863:
831:
823:
806:
803:
746:
731:
728:
717:probative value
696:
684:
681:
650:
638:
635:
589:
538:
495:
492:
443:
438:
432:
425:
394:Steven Truscott
376:
326:was to make an
305:Queen's Counsel
297:Eddie Greenspan
265:
221:
123:
120:
114:
112:
88:
72:
60:
54:
49:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5062:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4963:Sylvain Ouimet
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4913:Valerie Miller
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4880:
4873:Diane Campbell
4870:
4860:
4850:
4845:
4837:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4743:Henry S. Brown
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4708:Catherine Kane
4705:
4703:Jocelyne Gagné
4700:
4695:
4690:
4688:Russel W. Zinn
4685:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4655:
4650:
4648:Richard Mosley
4645:
4635:
4633:James O'Reilly
4630:
4620:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4580:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4548:Anne Mactavish
4545:
4540:
4535:
4533:John B. Laskin
4530:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4508:Richard Boivin
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4480:
4470:
4460:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:Sheilah Martin
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4397:Richard Wagner
4392:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4355:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
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4317:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4292:
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4286:
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4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4249:
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4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4012:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
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3861:
3859:
3855:
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3707:
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3662:
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3647:
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3637:
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3259:
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3166:
3165:
3163:
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3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3040:
3010:
2981:
2963:, 2022-02-24,
2957:"News Release"
2948:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2806:
2770:
2767:on 2018-08-14.
2748:
2717:
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2655:
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2596:
2562:
2527:
2524:on 2009-04-12.
2505:
2474:
2437:
2406:
2368:
2334:
2292:
2289:on 2018-08-14.
2265:
2254:
2252:, 2015 SCC 15.
2237:
2199:
2197:, 2014 SCC 52.
2187:
2184:on 2018-08-14.
2165:
2134:
2103:
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2032:
2001:
1983:
1949:
1908:
1878:
1842:
1825:Financial Post
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1624:on 2018-08-14.
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1387:on 2018-08-14.
1365:
1362:on 2018-08-14.
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1179:
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881:External links
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509:Bloc Quebecois
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459:Louise Charron
451:Stephen Harper
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406:Roméo Phillion
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293:Marc Rosenberg
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257:Faculty of Law
247:, receiving a
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195:Stephen Harper
187:puisne justice
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39:Puisne Justice
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5024:Living people
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5009:Canadian Jews
5007:
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5001:
4999:
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4609:
4608:Luc Martineau
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4594:
4591:
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4568:Federal Court
4565:
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4506:
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4493:David Stratas
4491:
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4388:Supreme Court
4385:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4357:
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4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:M. O'Bonsawin
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4321:
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2669:National Post
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2585:on 2015-03-10
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1990:
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1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
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1937:
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1932:National Post
1929:
1925:
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1774:on 2011-10-19
1773:
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1223:ultravires.ca
1220:
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1168:on 2016-07-27
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858:
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648:
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643:
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533:
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522:
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410:
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4943:David Graham
4918:Robert Hogan
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4898:RĂ©al Favreau
4863:Alain Tardif
4840:
4768:Denis Gascon
4575:
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4523:Judith Woods
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4413:Malcolm Rowe
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4395:
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3548:M. Rothstein
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3502:M. Rothstein
3482:M. Deschamps
3456:M. Rothstein
3436:M. Deschamps
3410:M. Rothstein
3390:M. Deschamps
3344:M. Deschamps
3298:M. Deschamps
3257:M. Deschamps
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3211:M. Deschamps
3181:F. Iacobucci
3135:F. Iacobucci
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1600:
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1166:the original
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1060:
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1022:
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972:
945:. Retrieved
936:Toronto Star
934:
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266:
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174:
89:Succeeded by
61:Nominated by
50:
5004:1947 births
4893:Brent Paris
4728:Peter Annis
4438:Mary Moreau
4157:M. Moldaver
4111:M. Moldaver
4060:M. Moldaver
3967:M. Moldaver
3921:M. Moldaver
3875:M. Moldaver
3870:T. Cromwell
3829:M. Moldaver
3824:T. Cromwell
3783:M. Moldaver
3778:T. Cromwell
3737:M. Moldaver
3732:T. Cromwell
3691:M. Moldaver
3686:T. Cromwell
3645:M. Moldaver
3640:T. Cromwell
3599:M. Moldaver
3594:T. Cromwell
3553:T. Cromwell
3523:W.I. Binnie
3507:T. Cromwell
3472:W.I. Binnie
3426:W.I. Binnie
3380:W.I. Binnie
3334:W.I. Binnie
3288:W.I. Binnie
3242:W.I. Binnie
3196:W.I. Binnie
3176:C. Gonthier
3150:W.I. Binnie
3130:C. Gonthier
3023:Wilson Moot
2827:Legal Feeds
2789:TheCourt.ca
2731:TheCourt.ca
2700:Legal Feeds
2420:Global News
2351:Legal Feeds
2220:TheCourt.ca
1799:Legal Feeds
1766:. Toronto:
1641:Legal Feeds
1502:. Toronto.
1282:R v Ramdass
1190:R v Laverty
939:. Toronto.
758:– violated
658:sniffer-dog
441:Appointment
428:R v Khawaja
363:R v Ramdass
348:R v Laverty
343:R v Torbiak
285:Perry Mason
278:Ontario Bar
185:. He was a
73:Preceded by
4998:Categories
4818:Paul Favel
4748:Alan Diner
4613:Simon Noël
4503:David Near
4498:Wyman Webb
4463:Marc Nadon
4325:N. Kasirer
4279:N. Kasirer
4233:N. Kasirer
4187:N. Kasirer
4141:N. Kasirer
3497:L. Charron
3451:L. Charron
3405:L. Charron
3359:L. Charron
3313:L. Charron
3278:J.C. Major
3232:J.C. Major
3186:J.C. Major
3140:J.C. Major
2971:2022-07-21
2939:2022-05-19
1778:16 October
1747:16 October
1716:17 October
1333:January 7,
1247:R v Schell
1073:October 4,
979:QMI Agency
898:References
821:Retirement
789:indictment
760:section 12
713:admissible
597:Quebec Bar
579:Marc Nadon
455:Ian Binnie
338:R v Schell
160:Profession
152:Occupation
132:Alma mater
115:1947-12-23
78:Ian Binnie
4833:Tax Court
4340:M. Moreau
4320:S. Martin
4274:S. Martin
4228:S. Martin
4182:S. Martin
4136:S. Martin
4106:R. Abella
4090:S. Martin
4070:C. Gascon
4055:R. Abella
3982:C. Gascon
3977:R. Wagner
3962:R. Abella
3936:C. Gascon
3931:R. Wagner
3916:R. Abella
3890:C. Gascon
3885:R. Wagner
3865:R. Abella
3844:C. Gascon
3839:R. Wagner
3814:R. Abella
3798:C. Gascon
3793:R. Wagner
3768:R. Abella
3747:R. Wagner
3722:R. Abella
3701:R. Wagner
3676:R. Abella
3671:M.J. Fish
3630:R. Abella
3625:M.J. Fish
3584:R. Abella
3579:M.J. Fish
3543:R. Abella
3538:M.J. Fish
3492:R. Abella
3487:M.J. Fish
3446:R. Abella
3441:M.J. Fish
3400:R. Abella
3395:M.J. Fish
3354:R. Abella
3349:M.J. Fish
3308:R. Abella
3303:M.J. Fish
3262:M.J. Fish
3247:L. Arbour
3201:L. Arbour
3155:L. Arbour
3110:McLachlin
3063:March 23,
3033:March 23,
2837:March 26,
2799:March 26,
2741:March 31,
2710:March 31,
2679:March 29,
2648:March 29,
2589:March 29,
2555:March 29,
2498:March 26,
2467:March 29,
2430:March 25,
2399:March 29,
2361:March 29,
2327:March 29,
2230:March 31,
2158:March 26,
2127:March 18,
2117:Law Times
2096:March 18,
2056:March 30,
2025:March 30,
1976:March 18,
1942:March 18,
1901:March 31,
1871:March 18,
1835:March 30,
1804:March 30,
1685:March 30,
1651:March 30,
1586:March 29,
1555:March 29,
1510:March 23,
1474:March 29,
1443:March 29,
1413:March 29,
1323:0319-0781
1233:March 24,
1172:March 22,
1121:March 22,
989:March 25,
947:March 25,
662:marijuana
390:acquittal
280:in 1973.
269:articling
51:In office
4718:Yvan Roy
4330:M. Jamal
4284:M. Jamal
4238:M. Jamal
4218:R. Brown
4192:M. Jamal
4172:R. Brown
4126:R. Brown
4080:R. Brown
3992:R. Brown
3946:R. Brown
3900:R. Brown
3763:L. LeBel
3717:L. LeBel
3666:L. LeBel
3620:L. LeBel
3569:L. LeBel
3528:L. LeBel
3477:L. LeBel
3431:L. LeBel
3385:L. LeBel
3339:L. LeBel
3293:L. LeBel
3252:L. LeBel
3206:L. LeBel
3160:L. LeBel
3057:Archived
3027:Archived
2965:archived
2933:archived
2831:Archived
2793:Archived
2735:Archived
2704:Archived
2673:Archived
2642:Archived
2579:Macleans
2549:Archived
2545:CBC News
2492:Archived
2461:Archived
2459:. 2014.
2424:Archived
2393:Archived
2355:Archived
2321:Archived
2224:Archived
2195:R v Hart
2152:Archived
2121:Archived
2090:Archived
2086:CBC News
2050:Archived
2019:Archived
1970:Archived
1936:Archived
1895:Archived
1891:The Cord
1865:Archived
1829:Archived
1741:Archived
1737:CTV News
1710:Archived
1679:Archived
1645:Archived
1580:Archived
1549:Archived
1504:Archived
1500:The Star
1468:Archived
1437:Archived
1407:Archived
1327:Archived
1270:R v Boyd
1227:Archived
1115:archived
1067:Archived
1027:Archived
983:Archived
941:Archived
869:See also
802:—
727:—
700:R v Hart
693:R v Hart
680:—
634:—
552:R v Hart
511:and the
491:—
424:—
358:R v Boyd
318:and the
209:and the
201:and the
180:Canadian
4315:M. Rowe
4310:S. Côté
4269:M. Rowe
4264:S. Côté
4223:M. Rowe
4213:S. Côté
4177:M. Rowe
4167:S. Côté
4131:M. Rowe
4121:S. Côté
4085:M. Rowe
4075:S. Côté
3997:M. Rowe
3987:S. Côté
3941:S. Côté
3895:S. Côté
3849:S. Côté
3000:17 June
2912:R v Nur
2900:R v Nur
2888:R v Nur
2876:R v Nur
2864:R v Nur
2852:R v Nur
2250:R v Nur
1294:R v MAZ
814:Charter
785:Charter
772:Charter
764:Charter
762:of the
743:R v Nur
704:Mr. Big
666:Charter
564:R v Nur
558:Mr. Big
529:Bob Rae
527:leader
501:Charter
482:Charter
478:Charter
474:Charter
466:Charter
368:R v MAZ
189:on the
41:of the
4040:Wagner
2761:CanLII
2616:CanLII
2518:CanLII
2283:CanLII
2178:CanLII
1618:CanLII
1381:CanLII
1356:CanLII
1321:
421:price.
164:Lawyer
155:Jurist
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1249:(1977
233:rabbi
229:scrap
183:judge
4038:The
3108:The
3065:2017
3035:2017
3002:2023
2839:2017
2801:2017
2743:2017
2712:2014
2681:2017
2650:2017
2591:2017
2557:2017
2500:2017
2469:2017
2432:2017
2401:2017
2363:2017
2329:2017
2232:2017
2160:2017
2129:2017
2098:2017
2058:2017
2027:2017
1978:2017
1944:2017
1903:2017
1873:2017
1837:2017
1806:2017
1780:2011
1749:2011
1718:2011
1687:2017
1653:2017
1588:2017
1557:2017
1512:2017
1476:2017
1445:2017
1415:2017
1335:2016
1319:ISSN
1235:2017
1174:2017
1123:2017
1075:2016
991:2017
949:2017
457:and
109:Born
1706:CBC
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