Stephen Harper - Knowledge

3338: 4460: 4527: 1929:, stating, "We respectfully point out that the opposition parties, who together constitute a majority in the House, have been in close consultation. We believe that, should a request for dissolution arise this should give you cause, as constitutional practice has determined, to consult the opposition leaders and consider all of your options before exercising your constitutional authority." On the same day the letter was written, the three party leaders held a joint press conference at which they expressed their intent to co-operate on changing parliamentary rules, and to request that the governor general consult with them before deciding to call an election. At the news conference, Harper said, "It is the Parliament that's supposed to run the country, not just the largest party and the single leader of that party. That's a criticism I've had and that we've had and that most Canadians have had for a long, long time now so this is an opportunity to start to change that." At the time, Harper and the two other opposition leaders denied trying to form a 4138: 4233: 3532: 3505:, a general election had to take place no later than October 19, 2015. On August 2, at Harper's request, Governor General David Johnson dropped the writs of election for October 19. In that election, Harper's Conservative Party was defeated by Justin Trudeau's Liberals, and became the Official Opposition, dropping to only 99 seats out of 338. This was mainly because of a collapse of Conservative support in southern Ontario, a region that swung heavily to them in 2011. They lost all of their seats in Toronto, and won only three seats in the Greater Toronto Area. They were also shut out of Atlantic Canada—the first time in decades that there were no centre-right MPs from that region. Harper was re-elected in Calgary Heritage, essentially a reconfigured version of his former riding. 3987: 1940:, who was later appointed as a Conservative senator by Harper, said: "It is possible that you could change prime minister without having an election." He added that some Conservatives wanted Harper to temporarily become prime minister without holding an election. The next day, Layton walked out on talks with Harper and Duceppe, accusing them of trying to replace Paul Martin with Harper as prime minister. Both Bloc and Conservative officials denied Layton's accusations. On March 26, 2011, Duceppe stated that Harper had tried to form a coalition government with the Bloc and NDP in response to Harper's allegations that the Liberals may form a coalition with the Bloc and the NDP. 60: 4996: 4713: 4639: 3811: 777: 4671: 4628: 4272:, and the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda which regulates emissions for automobiles and light trucks. In 2006, a Clean Air and Climate Change Act was proposed to address air pollution as well as greenhouse gas emissions; it never became law. In 2006, the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA) was established to "support Government of Canada efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions in order to improve the environment and health of Canadians". In December 2011, the Harper government announced that Canada would formally withdraw from the 4692: 4633: 712: 4739: 4644: 4126: 17121: 5213: 3214: 3455:

previous parliament. This resulted in the first centre-right majority government since the Progressive Conservatives had won their last majority in 1988. The Conservatives also received a greater number of total votes than in 2008. Notably, the Conservatives had a significant breakthrough in southern Ontario, a region where neither they nor the Reform/Alliance side of the merger had done well in the previous two decades. They managed to win several seats in Toronto itself; no centre-right party had won seats in the former

3610: 2222: 2075: 3226: 4080:. While initially blaming the loss on his rival Ignatieff, Harper later said that it was due to his pro-Israeli stance. Harper then said that he would take a pro-Israeli stance, no matter what the political cost to Canada. Ignatieff criticized Harper's stance as a "mistake", saying Canada would be better able to defend Israel through the Security Council than from the sidelines and pointed out that it is the Security Council that will determine if sanctions are imposed on 5227: 13908: 5016: 1380:, Harper became Grey's executive assistant, serving as her chief adviser and speechwriter until 1993. He remained prominent in the Reform Party's national organization in his role as policy chief, encouraging the party to expand beyond its Western base and arguing that strictly regional parties were at risk of being taken over by radical elements. He delivered a speech at the Reform Party's 1991 national convention, in which he condemned extremist views. 1474:

perquisites. He was formally rebuked by the Reform executive council despite winning support from some MPs. His relationship with Manning grew increasingly fractious in the mid-1990s, and he pointedly declined to express any opinion on Manning's leadership during a 1996 interview. This friction was indicative of a fundamental divide between the two men: Harper was strongly committed to conservative principles and opposed Manning's inclinations toward

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of Commons and needs to be removed". As the Liberals had lost NDP support in the house by refusing to accept an NDP plan to prevent health care privatization, the no-confidence motion was passed by a vote of 171–133. It was the first time that a Canadian government had been toppled by a straight motion of no confidence proposed by the opposition. As a result, Parliament was dissolved and a general election was scheduled for January 23, 2006.

17211: 13918: 4960: 4928: 17194: 17228: 17177: 3827: 17160: 8517:. 40th Parliament, 3rd Session – Edited Hansard, No. 149, March 25, 2011. The motion presented by the Leader of the Opposition was "That the House agree with the finding of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs that the government is in contempt of Parliament, which is unprecedented in Canadian parliamentary history, and consequently, the House has lost confidence in the government." 17109: 4179:, and Canadian diplomat Georges Rioux were revealed. Reportedly Goolsbee was reassuring the Canadians that Obama's comments on potentially renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) were more political rhetoric than actual policy. The accuracy of these reports has been debated by both the Obama campaign and the Canadian government. The news came at a key time nearing the 2044:

he might lose due to an election". Harper also stated that he had told the Conservative Party representatives that they were unlikely to succeed. "I told them they were wasting their time. I said Chuck had made up his mind." In February 2008, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) investigated the allegations that Section 119's provisions on bribery and corruption in the

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operations. Harper and other directors played a role in the removal of Harper–appointed Conservative executive director Dustin Van Vught to avoid backlash from donors and grassroots conservatives. In the same month, Harper delivered a speech to the 2016 Conservative Party convention where his accomplishments as party leader and prime minister were honoured by the party.

2099:, similar to their attacks in the 2004 election. However, their tactics were not sufficient to erode the Conservative's advantage, although they did manage to close what had been a ten-point advantage in public opinion. As Harper's personal numbers rose, polls found he was now considered not only more trustworthy, but a better choice for prime minister than Martin. 5158:". He was also accompanied by Herringbone, an Ottawa band with whom he regularly practices. He received a standing ovation after providing the piano accompaniment and lead vocals for the song. Harper was part of a band called The Van Cats, a pun on "vingt-quatre" ("24" in French), referring to the prime ministerial residence of 3968:

security concerns), and is seen as marking a significant change in relationship between the government and the military. Harper returned to Afghanistan on May 22, 2007, in a surprise two-day visit which included visiting Canadian troops at the forward operating base at Ma'Sum Ghar, located 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of

1305:, where he completed a bachelor's degree in economics in 1985. He later returned there to earn a master's degree in economics, completed in 1991. Throughout his career, Harper has kept strong links to the University of Calgary. Trained as an economist, Harper was the first prime minister with an economics degree since 7854: 1221:. Harper officially stepped down as party leader on October 19, 2015, and resigned his seat on August 26, 2016. Since then, Harper has taken on a number of international business and leadership roles, founding a global consulting firm, appearing in US and British media, and being elected leader of the 5165:

He was the first prime minister to employ a personal stylist, Michelle Muntean, whose duties range from coordinating his clothing to preparing his hair and makeup for speeches and television appearances. While she used to be on the public payroll, she has been paid for by the Conservative Party since

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since the early 1990s. Friends and colleagues describe his views as being the product of thinking and reading deeply about the Middle East. Toronto rabbi Philip Scheim, who accompanied Harper to Israel in 2014 said, "I sense that sees Israel as a manifestation of justice and a righting of historical

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since late 2001, to visit troops in theatre as a show of support for their efforts, and as a demonstration of the government's commitment to reconstruction and stability in the region. Harper's choice of a first foreign visit was closely guarded from the press until his arrival in Afghanistan (citing

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period, the federal government was on track for a $ 7.5 billion surplus. For 2015–2016, the federal government projected a $ 1.4-billion surplus. Following the 2015 federal election and a change in government, the 2015 fiscal year ended in a $ 1 billion deficit instead. In 2010, Canada had the lowest

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from the city of Montreal. Although there is a precedent for this action in Canadian history, the appointment led to criticism from opponents who claimed Harper was reneging on his push for an elected Senate. In 2008, Fortier gave up his Senate seat and sought election as an MP, but was defeated by a

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in Canadian electoral history, this represented only 22% of eligible Canadian voters, the lowest level of support of any winning party in Canadian history. Meanwhile, the number of opposition Liberal MPs fell from 95 to 77 seats. 155 MPs are required to form a majority government in Canada's 308-seat

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When asked by Vancouver journalist Tom Zytaruk about the alleged life insurance offer then-opposition leader Stephen Harper states on an audio tape "I don't know the details. I know there were discussions" and goes on to say "The offer to Chuck was that it was only to replace financial considerations

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The Liberals' support dropped sharply after the first report from the Gomery Commission was issued, but rebounded soon after. Later that month, Harper introduced a motion of no confidence on the Martin government, telling the House of Commons "that this government has lost the confidence of the House

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After the death of Pierre Trudeau in 2000, Harper wrote an editorial criticizing Trudeau's policies as they affected Western Canada. He wrote that Trudeau "embraced the fashionable causes of his time, with variable enthusiasm and differing results", but "took a pass" on the issues that "truly defined

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Harper announced in May 2016 that he planned to resign his seat in the House of Commons during the summer before the fall session of Parliament. On May 26, 2016, he was named as a board member for the Conservative Party's fundraising arm. The Conservative Fund is noted to have influence on the party

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The government made drastic cuts to scientific research and data collection. Over 2,000 scientists were dismissed and funding was cut from world renowned research facilities. Cuts were also made to many essential programs, some so deep that they had to shut down entirely, including the monitoring of

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After the October 2008, election, Harper again named Senate reform as a priority. By December, he recommended the appointment of 18 senators and, in 2009, provided an additional nine people for appointment as senators. Many of those appointed had close ties with the Conservative Party, including the

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to determine whether you're in the party or not". Harper endorsed Tom Long for the leadership, arguing that Long was best suited to take support from the Progressive Conservative Party. When Day placed first on the first ballot, Harper said that the Canadian Alliance was shifting "more towards being

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on national unity in late 1997, describing it as an "appeasement strategy" against Quebec nationalism. He called for federalist politicians to reject this strategy, and approach future constitutional talks from the position that "Quebec separatists are the problem and they need to be fixed". In late

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to introduce spousal benefits for same-sex couples. Citing the recent failure of a similar initiative in Ontario, he was quoted as saying, "What I hope they learn is not to get into it. There are more important social and economic issues, not to mention the unity question." Harper also spoke against

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During mid-2015, Harper repeatedly voiced his opinion that Russia should be excluded from association with the G7 group of nations because of Russia's support for Russian-speaking Ukrainian dissidents. On June 8, Harper said,"Mr. Putin ... has no place at the table, and I don't believe there's any

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locations. In 2006, Harper implemented the New Veterans Charter passed with all party support by the previous Liberal government. This charter gave veterans the option to select a lump-sum payment, an annual installment over the number of years of a Veteran's choosing, or a combination of these two

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accused the prime minister of "shutting democracy down". Tom Flanagan, Harper's University of Calgary mentor and former chief of staff, also questioned Harper's reasoning for prorogation, stating that "I think the government's talking points haven't been entirely credible" and that the government's

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On December 30, 2009, Harper announced that he would request the governor general to prorogue Parliament again, effective immediately on December 30, 2009, during the 2010 Winter Olympics and lasting until March 3, 2010. Harper stated that this was necessary for Canada's economic plan. Jean granted

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The Conservatives began the campaign period with a policy-per-day strategy, contrary to the Liberal plan of holding off major announcements until after the Christmas holidays, so Harper dominated media coverage for the first weeks of the election. Though his party showed only modest movement in the

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Harper returned to Ottawa as a Conservative backbencher and addressed a meeting of the Conservative caucus that included defeated MPs in November 2015. Interim leader Rona Ambrose stated that Harper would be in the House for key votes as the member for Calgary Heritage, but had earned the right to

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smoke stack emissions, food inspections, oil spills, water quality, and climate change. During this time, the long form census was also discontinued as a mandatory part of the census. This was ostensibly due to privacy concerns, however, the number of complaints about privacy proved to be minimal.

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The audio expert hired by Harper to prove that the tape containing the evidence was doctored reported that the latter part of the tape was recorded over, but the tape was unaltered where Harper's voice said "I don't know the details, I know that, um, there were discussions, um, but this is not for

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The Liberals were re-elected to power with a minority government, with the Conservatives coming in second place. The Conservatives managed to make inroads into the Liberals' Ontario stronghold, primarily in the province's socially conservative central region. However, they were shut out of Quebec,

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Harper also wrote an editorial in late 2000 arguing that Alberta and the rest of Canada were "embark on divergent and potentially hostile paths to defining their country". He said that Alberta had chosen the "best of Canada's heritage—a combination of American enterprise and individualism with the

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Starting in 2006, the Harper government implemented policies that had the effect of reducing transparency. During this government, scientists employed by the government were not able to speak with the media and inform the public of their findings without government permission, the government made

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by helping Hillary Clinton win the Democratic nomination instead of Obama. They also alleged the leak would hurt relations with the United States if Obama ever were to become president. Obama was elected president in November. In February, Obama made his first foreign visit as the US president to

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In July 2019, a group of independent academics published an assessment of past prime ministers of Canada based on the number of campaign pledges and promises fulfilled. According to the study, the Harper government fulfilled 85 per cent of its pledges (including partially-completed pledges). When

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stage. He said at the time that he initially voted for the registry because of a poll showing that most of his constituents supported it, and added that he changed his vote when a second poll showed the opposite result. It was reported in April 1995, that some Progressive Conservatives opposed to

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increased from $ 2.85 billion in 2005–2006 to $ 3.55 billion in 2014–2015, while the quantity of veterans served has declined from 219,152 in 2008–2009 to 199,154 in 2015. Nine Veterans Affairs offices were closed between 2012 and 2015, and 900 positions were phased out from the department since

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was elected interim leader by the Conservative caucus, pending a formal leadership election. Harper resigned as prime minister during a meeting with Governor General David Johnston, who accepted the resignation, after which Johnston invited Trudeau to form a government on November 4, 2015. After

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On May 2, 2011, after a five-week campaign, Harper led the Conservatives to their third consecutive election victory—the first time a centre-right party has accomplished this in half a century. The Conservatives increased their standing in parliament to 166, up from 143 at the dissolution of the

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Parliament to avoid a vote of confidence scheduled for the following Monday, becoming the first Canadian prime minister to do so. The request was granted by Jean, and the prorogation lasted until January 26, 2009. The opposition coalition dissolved shortly after, with the Conservatives winning a

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In 2006, Harper introduced a Public Transit Tax Credit, where individuals could claim 15 per cent of the cost of a transit pass each year. From 2006 to 2013, the Harper government invested over $ 5 billion towards public transit projects in Canada. In 2006, the federal government provided $ 697

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In 2004, Harper said "the Upper House remains a dumping ground for the favoured cronies of the prime minister". Between 2006 and 2008, by which time Harper was prime minister, he did not put any names to the governor general for appointment to the Senate, resulting in 16 Senate vacancies by the

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suit against the Liberal Party. Because libel laws do not apply to statements made in Parliament, the basis of the lawsuit was that statements made by Liberal Party members outside the House of Commons and in articles which appeared on the Liberal Party web site made accusations that Harper had

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The tone of the leadership contest turned hostile in February 2002. Harper described Day's governance of the party as "amateurish", while his campaign team argued that Day was attempting to win re-election by building a narrow support base among different groups in the religious right. The Day

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Harper had been involved with the Progressive Conservative party since 1981 and after graduating he took a job as executive assistant to Jim Hawkes, the Tories' MP for Calgary West. That lasted until 1986, when Harper experienced what Preston Manning called "profound disillusionment" with the

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or else a motion requiring an immediate test of the confidence of the House. The Martin government did not accept this interpretation and argued that vote had been on a procedural motion, although they also indicated that they would bring forward their revised budget for a confidence vote the

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Despite his prominent position in the party, Harper's relationship with the Reform Party leadership was frequently strained. In early 1994, he criticized a party decision to establish a personal expense account for Manning at a time when other Reform MPs had been asked to forego parliamentary

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to avoid forcing an election. With the collapse in Liberal support and a controversial NDP amendment to the budget, the party exerted significant pressure on Harper to bring down the government. In May, Harper announced that Martin's Liberals had lost the "moral authority to govern". Shortly

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Despite the party abandoning debate over the two controversial issues, they began a concerted drive against same-sex marriage. Harper was criticized by a group of law professors for arguing that the government could override the provincial court rulings on same-sex marriage without using the

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had been chosen as the riding's Alliance candidate and declared that he would not stand aside for Harper; he later reconsidered. The Liberals did not field a candidate, following a parliamentary tradition of allowing opposition leaders to enter the House of Commons unopposed. The Progressive

1732:. During the campaign, Harper reprised his earlier warnings against an alliance with Quebec nationalists, and called for his party to become the federalist option in Quebec. He argued that "the French language is not imperilled in Quebec", and opposed "special status" for the province in the 4338:

During the Harper government, it was not possible for government-employed scientists to openly speak about the government policy that prohibited communication with the media. However, following the election of a new government in 2015, several scientists who were or had been employed by the

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on January 7, found that 53 per cent of respondents were opposed to the prorogation, while 19 per cent supported it. 38 per cent believed Harper used the prorogation to curtail the Afghan detainee inquiry, while 23 per cent agreed with Harper's explanation that the prorogation was necessary

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British traditions of order and co-operation" while Canada "appears content to become a second-tier socialistic country ... led by a second-world strongman appropriately suited for the task". He also called for a "stronger and much more autonomous Alberta", while rejecting calls for

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On October 14, 2008, after a 5-week-long campaign, the Conservatives increased their seat count in Parliament to 143, up from 127 at the dissolution of the previous Parliament; however, the actual popular vote among Canadians dropped slightly by 167,494 votes. As a result of the lowest

1509:", which argued that the Liberal Party only retained power through a dysfunctional political system and a divided opposition. Harper and Flanagan argued that federal conservative governments between 1917 and 1993 were founded on temporary alliances between Western populists and 4769: 4649: 4072:

and his wife Rivka. Harper described the killings as "affronts to the values that unite all civilized people". Harper added that the quick instalment of a new rabbi at the Chabad centre in Mumbai as a signal that the Jewish people will "never bow to violence and hatred".

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publicly scolded Harper for not visiting earlier, pointing out that "this is the first meeting between the Chinese premier and a Canadian prime minister in almost five years"; Harper in response said that, "it's almost been five years since we had yourself or President

3601:. Critics accused Harper of hypocrisy (the Liberals coined the term "Harpocrisy"). Conservative senator Bert Brown defended Harper's appointments and said "the only way 's ever been filled is by having people that are loyal to the prime minister who's appointing them". 1881:

program" in the province of Quebec and involving the Liberal Party of Canada) and other scandals surrounding his government. The Liberals attempted to counter this with an early election call, as this would give the Conservatives less time to consolidate their merger.

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On January 12, 2004, Harper announced his resignation as the leader of the Official Opposition in order to run for the leadership of the Conservative Party of Canada. Harper was elected the first leader of the Conservative Party, with a first ballot majority against

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Stockwell Day called a new Canadian Alliance leadership race for 2002, and soon declared himself a candidate. Harper emerged as Day's main rival, and declared his own candidacy on December 3, 2001. He eventually won the support of at least 28 Alliance MPs, including

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On September 27, 2012, Harper received the World Statesman of the Year award. This award was offered through a US group of various faith representatives. This occurred at a black tie banquet in New York. Jean Chrétien was one of the previous recipients from Canada.

3708:, a former chief statistician, criticized the government's decision, saying that those who are most vulnerable (such as the poor, new immigrants, and aboriginals) are least likely to respond to a voluntary form, which weakens information about their demographic. 4346:

The government closed a number of government libraries without consultation on the closings or the process involved. The manner in which it was done received significant criticism because it left the remaining information in disarray, inaccessible for research.

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keep a low profile after his service as the prime minister. In February 2018, Harper stated that he could have still "easily" been leader of the Conservative Party, but he chose not to amass too much power in order to secure the party's fortunes in the future.

1361:. He became the Reform Party's chief policy officer, and he played a major role in drafting the 1988 election platform, otherwise known as the Blue Book, which helped form the principles and policies of the party. Harper was influenced by his political mentor, 1656:

with a provincial police force. It became known as the "firewall letter", because it called on the provincial government to "build firewalls around Alberta" to stop the federal government from redistributing its wealth to less affluent regions. Alberta

1485:. He resigned his parliamentary seat on January 14, 1997, the same day that he was appointed as a vice-president of the National Citizens Coalition (NCC), a conservative think-tank and advocacy group. He was promoted to NCC president later in the year. 8787: 15406: 15589: 16404: 16118: 15523: 2132:

The election gave Harper's Conservatives the largest number of seats in the House, although not enough for a majority government, and shortly after midnight on January 24, Martin conceded defeat. Later that day, Martin informed Governor General

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a million-dollar life insurance policy in exchange for his vote to bring down the Liberal government in a May 2005, budget vote. If the story had been proved true, the actions may have been grounds for charges as a criminal offence as under the

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will have a combined capacity of over 3,074 MW and have the ability to provide 16.7 TW·h of electricity per year, which is enough to "reduce greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to taking 3.2 million vehicles off the road each year".

4111:. In 2006, the value of trade between these partners was $ 10.7 billion. Canada had originally begun negotiations with the EFTA on October 9, 1998, but talks broke down because of a disagreement over subsidies to shipyards in Atlantic Canada. 3394:

Harper, on January 29, 2010, advised the governor general to appoint new Conservative senators to fill five vacancies in the Senate, one each for Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and New Brunswick, and two for Ontario. The new senators were

1604:. He eventually decided against running, arguing that it would "burn bridges to those Reformers with whom I worked for many years" and prevent an alliance of right-wing parties from taking shape. Harper was sceptical about the Reform Party's 15599: 1787:

were trapped in "a culture of defeat" which had to be overcome, the result of policies designed by Liberal and Progressive Conservative governments. Many Atlantic politicians condemned the remark as patronizing and insensitive. The

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in the worst sense of the term, and very proud of it", "if you're like all Americans, you know almost nothing except for your own country. Which makes you probably knowledgeable about one more country than most Canadians", and "the

1513:, and were unable to govern because of their fundamental contradictions. The authors called for an alliance of Canada's conservative parties, and suggested that meaningful political change might require electoral reforms such as 1832:. After 95 percent of Alliance members voted in favour of merging with the PCs and 90 percent of 2,486 PC delegates voted in favour of merging with the Alliance, the Conservative Party of Canada was founded on December 7, 2003. 1956:, and many thought he'd wanted to move the party's policies closer to the centre. Any opposition to abortion or bilingualism was dropped from the Conservative platform. Harper received an 84% endorsement from delegates in the 3276:

factoring only completed, realized pledges, the Harper's government, in their last year, kept 77 per cent of promises. The study found that the governments led by Harper, in addition to the government led by his successor,

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The media noted that Harper did not allow reporters opportunities to ask him questions on his position. Some Canadians, including many Arab and Lebanese Canadians, criticized Harper's description of Israel's response.

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Harper's Cabinet was defeated in a no-confidence vote on March 25, 2011, after being found in contempt of Parliament. Harper thus, in accordance with constitutional convention, advised the governor general to call a

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At the Reform Party's 1994 policy convention, Harper was part of a small minority of delegates who voted against restricting the definition of marriage to "the union of one man and one woman". He opposed both

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After sidestepping the political landmine for most of the first year of his time as prime minister, much as all the post-Charlottetown Accord prime ministers had done, Harper's hand was forced to reopen the

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1999, Harper called for the federal government to establish clear rules for any future Quebec referendum on sovereignty. Some have identified Harper's views as an influence on the Chrétien government's

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payment options. Under Harper, the Canadian government spent $ 700,000 fighting a class-action lawsuit brought by a group of wounded Afghan veterans who argued that the new charter was discriminatory.

4835:. Harper issued this apology in 2008. The chief of the tribe explained that he believes the apology officially started the healing and rebuilding of relations between the federal and native councils. 16327: 16027: 15741: 15450: 4280:

stated, "It's now clear that Kyoto is not the path forward for a global solution to climate change." In December 2012, Canada became the first signatory to formally withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol.

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Harper considered campaigning for the Progressive Conservative Party leadership in 1998, after Jean Charest left federal politics. Among those encouraging his candidacy were senior aides to Ontario

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and emissions began increasing slightly in 2010, when the economy began recovering. Other significant factors in Canada's decreased emissions during Harper's tenure are initiatives such as the

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voters was (and is) that the benefits of the NAFTA agreement are dubious. Thus the appearance that Obama was not being completely forthright was attacked by his opponent Hillary Clinton.

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in 2006. Stephen Handelman wrote "that the prime minister who was once dismissed as a doctrinaire backroom tactician with no experience in government has emerged as a warrior in power".

2148:, and her "lifelong dedication to duty and self-sacrifice". He also said before the Canada-UK Chamber of Commerce that Canada and the United Kingdom were joined by "the golden circle of 6766:, May 7, 2002, pg. A19; Phipps later said that he was "shocked" by Harper's language. See Louise Elliott, "NDP candidate slams Alliance leader for personal comment, refusal to debate", 1965: 12474: 8447: 3481:, mainly suppressing votes by directing voters to bogus polling stations. There were complaints in 247 of Canada's 308 ridings, but only one person was charged; Conservative staffer 1608:

initiative in 1999, arguing that it would serve to consolidate Manning's hold on the party leadership. He also expressed concern that the UA would dilute Reform's ideological focus.

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was responsible for the details reaching the hands of the media. Harper has denied that Brodie was responsible for the leak, and launched an investigation to find the source. The

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Harper emerged a prominent member of the Reform Party caucus. He was active on constitutional issues and played a prominent role in drafting the Reform Party's strategy for the

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debate after the opposition Bloc Québécois were to introduce a motion in the House that called for recognition of Quebec as a "nation". On November 22, 2006, Harper introduced

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that he would resign as prime minister, and at 6:45 p.m. Jean asked Harper to form a government. Harper was sworn in as Canada's 22nd prime minister on February 6, 2006.

1740:, and said that he would not co-operate with the Progressive Conservatives as long as they were led by Joe Clark. On social issues, Harper argued for "parental rights" to use 1301:, Alberta, where he found work in the mail room at Imperial Oil. Later, he advanced to work on the company's computer systems. He took up post-secondary studies again at the 13954: 4441:, stating that Trudeau was too unwilling to make concessions to the U.S., sided too closely with Mexico, and tried to advance left-wing policies through the renegotiations. 4172: 10607: 9199: 7741: 1620:

would defeat Preston Manning for the new party's leadership. He expressed reservations about Day's abilities, however, and accused Day of " adherence to his social views a

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marking the first time that a centre-right party did not win any seats in that province. Harper, after some personal deliberation, decided to stay on as the party leader.

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Harper led the Conservatives into the 2004 federal election. Initially, new prime minister Paul Martin held a large lead in polls, but this eroded because of infighting,

1756:. The leadership vote was held on March 20, 2002. Harper was elected on the first ballot with 55% support, against 37% for Day. Two other candidates split the remainder. 12585: 9785: 9084: 6944: 2828: 1387:. Harper opposed the accord on principle for ideological reasons, while Manning was initially more open to compromise. Harper also criticized Manning's decision to hire 17373: 12382: 12144: 10015: 3419:, of New Brunswick. This changed the party standings in the Senate, which had previously been dominated by Liberals, to 51 Conservatives, 49 Liberals, and five others. 1889:

in Ontario, moved the Conservatives into a lead for a time. However, comments by Conservative MPs, leaked press releases accusing the then prime minister of supporting

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form a nation within a united Canada." Five days later, Harper's motion passed, with a margin of 266–16; all federalist parties, and the Bloc Québécois, supported it.

1800:, federal Progressive Conservative leader Joe Clark and others. Harper refused to apologize, and said that much of Canada was trapped by the same "can't-do" attitude. 1450:

and mandated benefits for same-sex couples, but argued that political parties should refrain from taking official positions on these and other "issues of conscience".

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recognize Israel's right to exist. Harper blamed Hezbollah for all the civilian deaths. He asserted that Hezbollah's objective is to destroy Israel through violence.

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After winning the party leadership, Harper announced his intention to run for parliament in a by-election in Calgary Southwest, recently vacated by Preston Manning.

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Day's leadership of the Canadian Alliance became increasingly troubled throughout the summer of 2001, as several party MPs called for his resignation. In June, the

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was organizing a possible leadership challenge on Harper's behalf. Harper announced his resignation from the NCC presidency in August 2001, to prepare a campaign.

1207: 875: 12085: 10983: 10847: 10746: 1989:, implicating the Liberals in the scandal, opinion polls placed the Conservatives ahead of Liberals. The Conservatives had earlier abstained from the vote on the 16175: 15881: 15584: 15290: 14302: 11105: 9633: 8874: 8514: 7346: 4335:

significant cuts to research and other forms of data collection, and significant destruction and inaccessibility of government-held data and documents occurred.

2125:. On December 27, 2005, the RCMP confirmed that information in a press release. At the conclusion of the investigation, Serge Nadeau, a top civil servant in the 11285: 10315: 10053: 8118:

Michael D. Behiels, "Stephen Harper's Rise to Power: Will His 'New' Conservative Party Become Canada's 'Natural Governing Party' of the Twenty-First Century?",

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Clarke, Harold D.; Kornberg, Allan; Scotto, Thomas; Twyman, Joe (October 2006). "Flawless Campaign, Fragile Victory: Voting in Canada's 2006 Federal Election".

7065: 3913:, a spokesperson for Harper, called the remarks hypocritical, pointing out that Chrétien "attended one of six Olympic opening ceremonies during his 13 [ 1633:

his century". Harper subsequently accused Trudeau of promoting "unabashed socialism", and argued that Canadian governments between 1972 and 2002 had restricted

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As a prominent Albertan, as a member of Parliament and in particular, leader of the Official Opposition, Harper was awarded with the Alberta Centennial Medal.

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as an adviser, believing that Anderson was not sufficiently committed to the Reform Party's principles. Harper resigned as the policy chief in October 1992.

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Hours after conceding defeat on election night, Harper resigned as leader of the Conservative Party and returned to the backbench. Former Cabinet minister

10581: 9760: 17358: 15619: 13738: 8853: 7996: 7290: 5091:(2013), which chronicles the growth of professional hockey, particularly in Toronto, and writes articles occasionally on the subject. Harper appeared on 11418: 7237: 3678:, the government announced that the long-form questionnaire (which collects detailed demographic information) will no longer be mandatory. According to 1060: 944: 17278: 16205: 15398: 11606: 11311: 10739: 10707: 8200: 7669: 4149: 3370:

explanation of proroguing was "skirting the real issue—which is the harm the opposition parties are trying to do to the Canadian Forces" regarding the

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before moving to Alberta. In an attempt to establish independence from his parents, Harper dropped out of the University of Toronto and then moved to

13947: 11180: 11155: 10829: 7182: 6837: 1825: 1492:. The Liberal Party lost seats but managed to retain a narrow majority government in the 1997 federal election, while Reform made only modest gains. 11333: 9578: 16400: 16114: 15824: 15519: 13193: 13188: 11494: 10725: 5257: 3256: 845: 8332: 7161: 5475: 5323: 13183: 12746: 11877: 11546: 9875: 9611: 9118: 3981: 3805: 2946: 2823: 2813: 1752:

campaign accused Harper of "attacking ethnic and religious minorities". In early March, the two candidates had an especially fractious debate on

855: 10804: 10404: 9461: 8977:"The least-bad rich-world economy: The charms of Canada – Good policies, good behaviour and good fortune: if only others could be as lucky" 5501: 5043:

Neil Fenton from 1985 to 1988. The Harpers have two children: Benjamin and Rachel. Harper is the third prime minister, after Pierre Trudeau and

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between the United States and China, and that middle-power countries such as Canada are also a part of the rivalry between the two main powers.

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In December 2015, Harper had set up Harper & Associates Consulting Inc., a corporation that lists him a director alongside close associates

1999:

following week. Ultimately, the effort to bring down the Martin government failed following the decision of Conservative MP Belinda Stronach to

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polls, Harper's personal numbers, which had always significantly trailed those of his party, began to rise. In response, the Liberals launched

1676:, Harper led the NCC in a "Vote Anything but Liberal" campaign. Some articles from this period described him as a possible successor to Klein. 10773: 10502: 7935: 6974: 4248:

Since Harper's government took office in 2006, Canadian greenhouse gas emissions fell from 749 to 726 Mt of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO

3517:

criticized Harper, by stating that he "lost in 2015 in a way that left his party struggling to make any sense at all, including on deficits."

1470:'s leadership wanted to remove both Charest and Manning, and unite the Reform and Progressive Conservative parties under Harper's leadership. 17068: 16460: 16170: 15876: 15579: 15285: 12737: 10663: 9947: 9693: 9028: 6166: 5692: 4198: 2833: 12482: 11443: 10456: 9522: 5405: 17003: 16496: 16195: 14338: 13940: 13349: 11846: 8455: 7684: 3440:

on the grounds of contempt of parliament. The no-confidence motion was carried with a vote of 156 in favour of the motion and 145 against.

3309: 2889: 1137: 860: 12747:"Stephen Harper's Rise to Power: Will His "New" Conservative Party Become Canada's "Natural Governing Party" of the Twenty-First Century?" 10955: 9425: 7877: 4010:, Harper defended Israel's "right to defend itself" and described its military campaign in Lebanon as a "measured" response, arguing that 1525:

newspaper chain, arguing that his stewardship would provide for a "pluralistic" editorial view to counter the "monolithically liberal and

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is kind of proof that the Devil lives and interferes in the affairs of men." These statements were made public and criticized during the

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recognized Harper's support for Israel with its inaugural International Leadership Award, pointing out Harper's decision to boycott the

17328: 17318: 13963: 13610: 13583: 13124: 7507: 7304: 5642: 5604: 5544: 5096: 3433: 3128: 2818: 1780: 1329:(NEP) of Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government. He became executive assistant to Progressive Conservative (PC) Member of Parliament (MP) 1072: 333: 210: 11973: 10363: 7540: 4433:

In October 2017, Harper received media attention for criticizing Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's handling of the renegotiation of the

1354:. At that time Harper "didn't see himself as a politician", Mansell told CBC News in 2002, adding, "Politics was not his first love." 17333: 17268: 17263: 17007: 16229: 16210: 15925: 15643: 15344: 15082: 14700: 11079: 10681: 10242: 10211: 8608: 8354: 7455: 7012: 4832: 3662:

magazine stated that Canada had come out the recession stronger than any other rich country in the G7. In 2013, Canada came out with

3088: 2936: 2838: 2004: 1684: 8558: 6097: 4602:. He also criticized the NDP, calling them a "branch plant of the Liberal party" and argued that the party got "nothing" out of its 4504:, which urges conservatives to listen to populist grievances, rather than focus on other priorities like tax cuts for the wealthy." 4218:

Ottawa, in which he affirmed support for free trade with Canada, as well as complimenting Canada on its involvement in Afghanistan.

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against their children and supported raising the age of sexual consent. He described his potential support base as "similar to what

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eq). From 1993 until 2006, during the previous Liberal government greenhouse gas emissions increased from 600 to 749 Mt of CO

4095:

and condemned Hamas. Harper said, "It is evident that Hamas is deliberately using human shields to further terror in the region."

2191:. It dragged on for years, but in 2012 they took a plea deal, admitting both improper spending and falsifying records to hide it. 17388: 17313: 16489: 13731: 12390: 10615: 9278: 8585: 8133: 5252: 4839:, John Diefenbaker, and Jean Chrétien are the only other prime ministers of Canada to have been awarded the same honorary title. 4718: 4592: 4512: 4232: 4022:

on July 18, Harper said he wanted "not just a ceasefire, but a resolution" but such a thing would not happen until Hezbollah and

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publication?" and goes on to say he "didn't know the details" when asked if he knew anything about the alleged offer to Cadman.

1828:

Progressive Conservative leader in May 2003. On October 16, 2003, Harper and Mackay agreed to merge the two parties to form the

14288: 11520: 11051: 10858: 10664:"Lower Churchill Project: Ottawa Guarantees $ 6.2-Billion Hydroelectric Project On Muskrat Falls For Newfoundland And Labrador" 8737: 6131: 5282: 3663: 3531: 3068: 2808: 1994:

thereafter, the Conservatives and Bloc Québécois united to defeat the government on a vote that some considered to be either a

1199: 885: 9789: 9207: 6952: 6914: 2022:, Paul Martin's chief of staff, in which Grewal claimed he had been offered a cabinet position in exchange for his defection. 17423: 14311: 13011: 12959: 12936: 12870: 12851: 12801: 12719: 12694: 12141: 10269: 10029: 9092: 8686: 8171: 4810: 4456:

but could not justify removing him as a candidate because the investigation was closed by police a year before the election.

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In April 1997, Harper suggested that the Reform Party was drifting toward social conservatism and ignoring the principles of

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waters with armed forces. Harper's first meeting as prime minister with the US president occurred at the end of March 2006.

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After the election, the Conservative party were charged with improper election spending, in a case that became known as the

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2002: As the leader of the Official Opposition and a member of Parliament, Harper was awarded the medal as a member of the

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led by the Conservative Party with Harper becoming prime minister of Canada. During his first term, Harper confronted the

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Basu, Arpon (January 19, 2002). "Alliance candidate Stephen Harper says French not threatened in Quebec". Canadian Press.

6286:, February 9, 1998, 11:15 report; National Citizen's Coalition, "NCC to blitz prairies with anti-Wheat Board radio ads", 5178: 4580:. This was the first time Harper endorsed a federal Conservative leadership candidate; he previously chose not to in the 4434: 3148: 1803:

In March 2003, their speeches in favour gaining no traction in Parliament, Harper and Stockwell Day co-wrote a letter to

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On February 27, 2008, allegations surfaced that two Conservative Party officials offered terminally ill, independent MP

1616:

When the United Alternative created the Canadian Alliance in 2000 as a successor party to Reform, Harper predicted that

17403: 17283: 16309: 16009: 15723: 15428: 15156: 13911: 13724: 12610: 12093: 11633: 10750: 9338: 9268: 8498: 8062: 5155: 4120: 3764: 3176: 3073: 2926: 2771: 2431: 1362: 1008: 41: 12514: 10638: 10319: 9641: 8424: 7354: 5722:

Bratt, Duane (January 2, 2018). "Implementing the Reform Party agenda: the roots of Stephen Harper's foreign policy".

4683:

2019: For his long-standing career in politics and for his service to the nation as the 22nd prime minister of Canada.

4598:

On March 22, 2023, during a conservative conference in Ottawa, Harper criticized the Trudeau government's handling of

3374:. Small demonstrations took place on January 23 in 64 Canadian cities and towns and five cities in other countries. A 17398: 17393: 17288: 14928: 14808: 14219: 13921: 13620: 13079: 12891: 12222: 10050: 9394: 8376: 7913: 5247: 5063: 5004: 4885: 3630: 3181: 711: 267: 114: 12655: 11573: 10747:"Minister Denis Lebel confirms Harper Government's record infrastructure investment will boost Canadian communities" 10341: 9921: 3815: 2113:

announced the RCMP had opened a criminal investigation into her complaint that it appeared Liberal Finance Minister

1546:

As president of the National Citizens Coalition (NCC) from 1998 to 2002, Harper launched an ultimately unsuccessful

14763: 13984: 13974: 13763: 13344: 12634:"Letter writer gets reply, framed cat photo from Prime Minister Harper | Daily Buzz — Yahoo! News Canada" 7965: 4676: 4520: 4214: 4188: 4142: 4007: 3740: 3724: 2676: 2048:

had been violated. The RCMP concluded their investigation stating that there was no evidence for pressing charges.

2019: 1550:

against federal election laws restricting third-party advertising. He led the NCC in several campaigns against the

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Manning invited him to participate in the party, and Harper gave a speech at Reform's 1987 founding convention in

17383: 17378: 17308: 16763: 10069: 8018: 7798: 6863: 4104: 3940: 3716: 3584:. When Harper took office, he advised the governor general to appoint Michael Fortier to both the Senate and the 3408: 3280:, had the highest rates of follow-through for campaign promises of any Canadian government in the last 35 years. 3242: 2263: 2203: 1816:

As party leader, Harper sought to merge the Alliance with the Progressive Conservatives (PCs) to create a united

1692: 1111: 20: 12249: 11257:"Harper's Conservative Party fundraising role appears unprecedented, expected to mobilize base – The Hill Times" 10524:

Frédéric Beauregard-Tellier; Sam N.K. Banks; Kristen Douglas; Lynne C. Myers; Tim Williams (November 14, 2006).

8177: 7823: 7714: 4827:. He was made Honorary Chief of the Kainai Nation during a ceremony, in which they recognized him for making an 4041:

anti-racism conference, and his government's "support for Israel and efforts at the U.N. against incitement and

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criticized this, saying that her government's intent was not to save money at the expense of public education.

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which aired March 12, 2007. In October 2010, he taped a cameo appearance in an episode of the television show

17433: 17428: 16943: 14720: 14693: 13138: 13114: 13104: 13094: 12559: 11312:"Harper, other Conservative Fund directors fired party's top staffer to avoid donor backlash on tuition fees" 9390: 9353: 5427: 5048: 4614: 4546:

hosted by the Conference of Defence Associations Institute, Harper claimed that the world has entered into a

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voting to continue the debate, the Liberals stayed in power. At the time, some considered the matter to be a

1990: 1673: 1653: 1579: 1277: 1222: 1177: 827: 738: 485: 431: 149: 12536: 12036:"Nobel laureate Donna Strickland, James Cameron, Inuk actor Johnny Issaluk among Order of Canada appointees" 12012: 11757: 9252: 7332:"Breaking the Bargain: A Comment on the Constitutional Validity of Bill C-7, the Proposed Senate Reform Act" 1776:

moderator. Harper told a reporter during the campaign that he "despise" Phipps, and declined to debate him.

17293: 16334: 16034: 15748: 15457: 15170: 14843: 14748: 14611: 13547: 13269: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13167: 13088: 13052: 12924: 9721:"Mr. Harper Goes to War: Canada, Afghanistan, and the Return of "High Politics" in Canadian Foreign Policy" 5787: 5262: 5197: 4757: 4727: 4500: 4323: 3732: 3701: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3569: 3463: 3083: 2776: 2184:

suggested that a political realignment might be underway, based on the continuance of Harper's government.

2083: 1829: 1141: 1121: 1025: 984: 962: 814: 579: 12035: 11660:"Stephen Harper says Pierre Poilievre has the best chance to win the next federal election Social Sharing" 11659: 11393: 10292: 9803: 6841: 3704:—appointed on Harper's advice—resigned on July 21, 2010, in protest of the government's change in policy. 17058: 16963: 16543: 16086: 15800: 15509: 14768: 14658: 14362: 14264: 14044: 14029: 14019: 13828: 13818: 13808: 13778: 13274: 12060: 10429: 9745: 9328: 9263: 8896: 4892: 4697: 4562: 4237: 4103:

On June 7, 2007, the Conservative government announced it had finalized free trade negotiations with the

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and Tony Clement on March 20, 2004. Harper's victory included strong showings outside of Western Canada.

1566: 1514: 1447: 1399: 1365:, when writing the book. Harper is credited with creating Reform's campaign slogan, "The West wants in!" 1241:, Ontario, the first of three sons of Margaret (née Johnston) and Joseph Harris Harper, an accountant at 1125: 1056: 1016: 49: 12969:

Richter, Andrew (2013). "A Defense Renaissance? The Canadian Conservative Government and the Military".

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that Harper's speech was "one of the most monarchist speeches a Canadian prime minister has given since

16446: 16426: 16156: 16140: 15862: 15846: 15565: 15271: 14678: 14323: 14114: 13476: 13450: 13418: 13338: 13264: 8936: 7589: 4995: 4858: 4519:. Then in May 2019, he appeared on another PragerU video explaining reasons to support Israel amid the 4206: 4046: 3342: 3093: 2894: 2446: 1922: 1789: 1454: 1402:(NCC) ran a $ 50,000 print and television campaign against Hawkes but did not endorse Harper directly. 1383:

Harper's relationship with Manning became strained in 1992, because of conflicting strategies over the

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As of 2013, the Harper family had two cats, Stanley and Gypsy. They have fostered other cats as well.

4339:

government came forward to confirm the allegations made by anonymous sources during the Harper years.

4296:, which is scheduled for completion in 2017. The Lower Churchill's two hydroelectric installations at 4018:(IDF) soldiers would be the key to ending the conflict. Speaking of the situation in both Lebanon and 2803: 1664:

agreed with some of the letter's recommendations, but distanced himself from the "firewall" comments.

17183: 16319: 16019: 15906: 15733: 15442: 15402: 12117:"Honorary Degrees Conferment Ceremony, The Right Honourable Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada" 9172: 8307: 7095:"Why Scheer's defenders are pointing to the 2004 election now — and why the argument doesn't hold up" 7038: 6458: 5823: 5509: 5081:

since his childhood in the Leaside and Etobicoke communities in Toronto. Harper is also a fan of the

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government in 2001, arguing that it would "save about $ 7,000 for each student who does not attend a

1481:

These tensions culminated in late 1996 when Harper announced that he would not be a candidate in the

10777: 10700: 7943: 4712: 4638: 4107:(EFTA). Under this agreement, Canada increased its trade ties with Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and 2726: 1897:

suggesting that the Conservatives had a secret agenda, caused Harper's party to lose some momentum.

1284:, Toronto. He graduated from high school in 1978, and was a member of Richview Collegiate's team on 17217: 16386: 16270: 16264: 16100: 15966: 15960: 15810: 15684: 15678: 15385: 15379: 15123: 15117: 14713: 14686: 13747: 13637: 13161: 13157: 13153: 13082: 9293: 8252: 5000: 4774: 4753: 4365: 4194: 3720: 3589: 2951: 2383: 2107: 1793: 1372:

in Calgary West and losing by a wide margin to Hawkes, his former employer. After Reform candidate

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Harper studied economics, earning a bachelor's degree in 1985 and a master's degree in 1991 at the

1021: 75: 11334:"NAFTA Negotiations 'Going Very Badly,' Stephen Harper Writes in Memo Blasting Trudeau Government" 10822: 9545: 9036: 6174: 5700: 4160:

Shortly after being congratulated by George W. Bush for his victory, Harper rebuked US Ambassador

4088:, and instead of rendering all discussion into a competition "about who is Israel's best friend". 3682:

Tony Clement, the change was made because of privacy-related complaints and after consulting with

3649:, the federal budget was balanced with a surplus of $ 1.9 billion. For the first 11 months of the 1505:

Soon after leaving Parliament, Harper and Tom Flanagan co-authored an opinion piece entitled "Our

17253: 16371: 16353: 16071: 16053: 15785: 15494: 15210: 14953: 14209: 13603: 13593: 13045: 12107: 11469: 9637: 9147: 8919: 5864:"John Robson: Why should Maxime Bernier wait? Haven't we all waited long enough? | National Post" 4797: 4371: 4289: 3923: 3870:

During his term, Harper dealt with many foreign policy issues relating to the United States, the

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stated that the closures were made to modernize the department, by moving services online and to

3780: 3171: 3063: 2914: 2798: 1805: 1773: 1721: 1439: 1326: 1088: 977: 595: 255: 11854: 10866:"Major transit announcement incoming: Harper expected to boost TTC funding during Toronto visit" 9563: 7692: 6494:

Stephen Harper, "Separation, Alberta-style: It is time to seek a new relationship with Canada",

3972:, making Harper the first prime minister to have visited the front lines of a combat operation. 17348: 14988: 14933: 14709: 14546: 14014: 13932: 13147: 9358: 9298: 7888: 6796:

Louise Elliott, "Harper calls Canada a nation of defeatists, defends remark about easterners",

5277: 5267: 5241: 5100: 4471:

On March 26, 2018, Harper attended the international Fellowship of Christians and Jews Gala at

4383: 4355:

Harper chose the following jurists to be appointed as justices of the Supreme Court of Canada:

4269: 3768: 3396: 3123: 2904: 2388: 2211: 2096: 2036: 1621: 1506: 1411: 1351: 1165: 1157: 1040: 832: 607: 10178:"Stephen Harper accuses Hamas of using human shields, urges world leaders to side with Israel" 7567: 7492: 4880:

in a ceremony attended by incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and former prime ministers

4704:

2023: For his long-standing career in politics and for his service to the province of Alberta.

17078: 16390: 16349: 16295: 16049: 15995: 15763: 15713: 15473: 15249: 15190: 14878: 14778: 13355: 11830:"The Diamond Jubilee Medal awarded to The Right Honourable Stephen Joseph Harper, P.C., M.P." 9546:"Veterans Affairs Canada's (VAC) budget has increased as the number of veterans has declined" 7663: 6995: 4603: 4401: 4297: 3752: 3690:

reported only receiving three complaints between 1995 and 2010, according to a report in the

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In his first address to Parliament as prime minister, Harper opened by paying tribute to the

2008: 1810: 1733: 1601: 1302: 1291: 1133: 1036: 687: 680: 11813:"The Golden Jubilee Medal awarded to The Right Honourable Stephen Joseph Harper, P.C., M.P." 8225: 5652: 5612: 5552: 5070:, Alberta. After moving to Ottawa in 2003, he became a member of East Gate Alliance Church. 4816:

On June 27, 2008, Harper was awarded the Presidential Gold Medallion for Humanitarianism by

2030: 776: 59: 17258: 17047: 16803: 16411: 16125: 15831: 15530: 15230: 13402: 12811:

Cody, Howard (March 2008). "Minority Government in Canada: The Stephen Harper Experience".

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on October 6, 2006, for his public service in Calgary. The awards ceremony was held at the

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criticized Harper for cutting foreign aid to Africa by $ 700 million, falling short of the

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from 2006 to 2015. Harper is the first and only prime minister to come from the modern-day

32: 12586:"Skinny jeans and sudden outbursts: A day on the road with Stephen Harper's band Van Cats" 11812: 11634:"Stephen Harper says Canada's pandemic spending has been 'overkill' in podcast appearance" 10685: 3847: 1792:

unanimously approved a motion condemning Harper's comments, which were also criticized by

8: 17166: 16613: 16284: 15980: 15698: 15413: 15137: 14828: 14621: 14412: 14054: 13535: 12686: 11829: 7515:"The Confidence Convention and the May 2005 Vote on the Public Accounts Committee Report" 6282:

National Citizen's Coalition, "NCC To Back New Court Challenge To Wheat Board Monopoly",

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The election ended five years of minority governments, made the New Democratic Party the

3230: 3108: 3004: 2956: 2686: 2393: 2308: 2303: 2241: 2103: 1910: 1866: 1741: 1649: 1533: 1489: 1426: 1415: 1348: 1345: 1173: 366: 11686:"Prime minister, Governor General to be joined by Indigenous leaders at Queen's funeral" 10911: 9667: 9487: 8041:"39th Parliament, First Session, Edited Hansard, No. 003, Wednesday, April 5, 2006" 6888: 6800:, May 29, 2002, 17:23 report; Brian Laghi, "Premiers tell Harper his attack was wrong", 4971: 3436:

of a government in the Westminster parliamentary tradition losing the confidence of the

1948:

The Conservative Party's first policy convention was held from March 17 to 19, 2005, in

1644:, Harper joined with other Western conservatives in co-authoring a document called the " 1079:

to form the Conservative Party of Canada and was elected as the party's first leader in

16683: 16090: 14943: 12986: 12948: 12903: 12828: 12790: 12769: 11345: 10933: 10433: 10090: 9689: 9656: 7651: 7643: 7291:"Looking Down From Canada: The Most Important Leader in the Free World: Stephen Harper" 6585: 5747: 5387: 5092: 4817: 4670: 4627: 4359: 4085: 3675: 3196: 3186: 3153: 2853: 2313: 2246: 2188: 2181: 2141: 2000: 1784: 1669: 1658: 1605: 1590: 1522: 1510: 1419: 1161: 1107: 870: 13000: 11990: 10984:"Harper government's muzzling of scientists a mark of shame for Canada | Toronto Star" 10484:"Drew Hasselback: Federal guarantee gives Lower Churchill financing a sovereign touch" 5667: 4868:

that Harper had been appointed as a Companion of the Order of Canada. He was formally

4691: 4632: 4494:, where he made comments on issues such as populism, immigration and nationalism. The 4084:. Ignatieff also accused Harper of steering the discussion away from implementing the 3466:

for the first time, relegated the Liberals to third place for the first time, brought

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in a Montreal hotel. On September 9, 2004, the three signed a letter addressed to the

1809:

in which they condemned the Canadian government's unwillingness to participate in the

1398:

and defeated Jim Hawkes amid a significant Reform breakthrough in Western Canada. The

16983: 16663: 16633: 16583: 16563: 16553: 16533: 15498: 14963: 14567: 14462: 14348: 14330: 14229: 14104: 14099: 14089: 14079: 13979: 13843: 13833: 13768: 13758: 13662: 13518: 13455: 13108: 13032: 13007: 12990: 12955: 12932: 12910: 12887: 12866: 12847: 12832: 12797: 12773: 12715: 12690: 11581: 11021: 10925: 9901: 8821: 8399: 8167: 7655: 7635: 5751: 5739: 5421: 5272: 5135: 5127: 4836: 4535: 4395: 4069: 3936: 3683: 3655: 3585: 3544: 2884: 2736: 2554: 2519: 2441: 2003:

to the Liberal Party. The vote on the NDP amendment to the budget tied, and with the

1995: 1986: 1957: 1926: 1890: 1737: 1586:. Harper argued that the speech was intended as humour, and not as serious analysis. 1562: 1286: 1068: 613: 441: 388: 17200: 15549: 12273:"A Great Game: Stephen Harper's hockey history captures the pulse of a young Canada" 8163:

Assessing Justin Trudeau's Liberal Government. 353 promises and a mandate for change

6507:

National Citizens Coalition, "NCC Ad Campaign Urges Albertans Not to Vote Liberal",

5930:"Who is Stephen Harper, the Conservative poised to be Canada's next prime minister?" 4738: 4643: 4475:

where he stated that he expressed support for US president Donald Trump's speech on

4389: 4125: 3990:

A banner criticizing Harper's response to the 2006 Israel–Lebanon conflict, Toronto.

3345: 2367: 2134: 1532:

Harper remained active in constitutional issues. He was a prominent opponent of the

1340:

Harper was then recommended by the University of Calgary's economist Bob Mansell to

1144:

of major personal income tax cuts and infrastructure investments in response to the

109: 17088: 17037: 16823: 16653: 16593: 15850: 15545: 15043: 14973: 14903: 14666: 14477: 14470: 14369: 14310: 14269: 14119: 14109: 14094: 13838: 13783: 13481: 13098: 12978: 12863:

Harperism: How Stephen Harper and His Think Tank Colleagues Have Transformed Canada

12820: 12761: 11882: 10937: 10915: 9173:"A tale called Contempt: Ignatieff looks to spin master narrative to unseat Harper" 7627: 7156: 6918: 6056:(April 9, 1994). "That Manning and Harper would clash has always been a safe bet". 5980: 5731: 5115: 4850: 4573: 4558: 4543: 4161: 4057: 3929:

On January 20, 2014, Harper addressed the Israeli Knesset in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.

3748: 3478: 3416: 3143: 3138: 3098: 3037: 3017: 2716: 2594: 2589: 2574: 2514: 2499: 2489: 2177: 2129:, was charged with criminal breach of trust. No charges were laid against Goodale. 1975: 1848: 1768:, also chose to withdraw. Harper was elected without difficulty over |New Democrat 1648:". The letter called on Alberta to reform publicly funded health care, replace the 1337:, citing the administration's economic policy. He left the PC Party the next year. 1181: 1153: 692: 436: 16903: 16863: 16623: 15789: 14224: 14159: 13878: 10204:"Canada — European Free Trade Association (EFTA) – Free Trade Agreement" 5735: 3898: 300: 16933: 16853: 16833: 16481: 16430: 16323: 16221: 16023: 15917: 15737: 15635: 15446: 15336: 15074: 14958: 14848: 14788: 14651: 14556: 14259: 14184: 14174: 14164: 14009: 13994: 13793: 13680: 13443: 12982: 12881: 12841: 12168: 12148: 11521:"Some moments from Stephen Harper's appearance on an American hard-right podcast" 11470:"Former Canadian PM Harper in ad to Trump: 'You are right about Iran' | CBC News" 11286:"Scheer facing an internal audit over use of Conservative Party funds | The Star" 10057: 9720: 7090: 6783:, May 31, 2002, pg. A5; The motion was brought forward by Nova Scotia NDP leader 6465: 6039:, August 1, 1996, A4; Edward Greenspon, "Manning seeks to repeat party's surge", 5232: 5159: 5024: 4803: 4547: 4257: 4176: 4164:

for criticizing the Conservatives' plans to assert Canada's sovereignty over the

4145: 4053: 3788: 3609: 3581: 3573: 2706: 2564: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2378: 2333: 2298: 2118: 1886: 1817: 1634: 1626: 1341: 1290:, a televised academic quiz show for high school students. Harper studied at the 1145: 1012: 466: 45: 15053: 9230: 8738:"NP View: Pick a philosophy first, then a leader, Conservatives | National Post" 6736:, March 28, 2002, pg. A8; Sheldon Alberts, "'Troubled' Levant lets Harper run", 6610:

Harper, Stephen (January 19, 2002). "A vision of federalism for all Canadians".

6546:

Sheldon Alberts, "Harper mounts campaign to lead the right: Behind the scenes",

6205: 3943:, and cutting eight African countries from the list of priority aid recipients. 17113: 17017: 16883: 16873: 16843: 16793: 16733: 16693: 16673: 16603: 16288: 15984: 15702: 15417: 15217: 15144: 15048: 15018: 14968: 14923: 14868: 14818: 14773: 14758: 14743: 14738: 14499: 14455: 14427: 14390: 14376: 14179: 14169: 14144: 14129: 14084: 14074: 14064: 14024: 13999: 13893: 13868: 13858: 13848: 13813: 13803: 13788: 13647: 13373: 11495:"'I have no time for illegal immigration,' Stephen Harper says on U.S. podcast" 11372: 10020: 9333: 6784: 5626:

Conservative government in Ottawa, especially their economic and fiscal policy.

5566:

Conservative government in Ottawa, especially their economic and fiscal policy.

5082: 5036: 4756:

and as a member of Parliament, Harper was awarded the medal as a member of the

4610: 4600:

Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections

4445: 4273: 4213:, criticized the government on the issue, stating they were trying to help the 3910: 3831: 3792: 3277: 3191: 2961: 2584: 2569: 2559: 2549: 2373: 2236: 2221: 2152:, which links us all together with the majestic past that takes us back to the 2015: 1914: 1745: 1708: 1645: 1458: 1429:

views on certain issues. In 1994, he opposed plans by federal Justice Minister

1334: 1306: 1218: 696: 629: 141: 12824: 12765: 12307: 12116: 11607:"Former PM Stephen Harper sees new Cold War, this time between U.S. and China" 10405:"Reality check: Have greenhouse gas emissions decreased as the economy grows?" 8712:"How Justin Trudeau will officially become prime minister | Toronto Star" 7631: 7514: 6559:

National Citizen's Coalition, "Stephen Harper to Step Down as NCC President",

6406:"That sound you hear is the shifting of conservative ground", April 21, 2000, 4068:. He expressed condolences over the murder at Chabad's Mumbai centre of Rabbi 3711:

The move was opposed by some governmental and non-governmental organizations.

17247: 17125: 16893: 16783: 16723: 16643: 16523: 16104: 15814: 15767: 15477: 15197: 15028: 15013: 15008: 14993: 14938: 14908: 14858: 14853: 14813: 14803: 14793: 14783: 14644: 14585: 14405: 14383: 14254: 14239: 14194: 14049: 14039: 14004: 13823: 13798: 13708: 11585: 11341: 11025: 9988: 9251:

On July 19, 2010, representatives from several following institutions signed

7639: 6071: 6053: 5743: 5218: 5104: 4884:, Jean Chrétien, Paul Martin and former Governors-General Michaëlle Jean and 4865: 4824: 4464: 4301: 4265: 4256:

eq. The reduction corresponded Canada's decreased economic output during the

4108: 4065: 4000: 3871: 3851: 3843: 3551: 3467: 3456: 3218: 2997: 2984: 2637: 2504: 2494: 2456: 2451: 2426: 2338: 2162: 2114: 2102:

Immediately prior to the Christmas break, in a faxed letter to NDP candidate

1933:. Harper said, "This is not a coalition, but this is a co-operative effort." 1753: 1725: 1703: 1617: 1574: 1462: 1266: 1064: 13716: 13385: 11786: 10840: 8066: 6706:

Campbell Clark, "Harper attacking minorities, Day leadership camp charges",

6584:"Six Alliance MPs declare or reaffirm support for Harper's leadership bid". 4175:

after the details of a conversation between Barack Obama's economic advisor

3835: 2074: 1333:

in 1985 but later became disillusioned with the party and the government of

16813: 16573: 16299: 15999: 15901: 15717: 15063: 15023: 14978: 14913: 14888: 14873: 14838: 14833: 14798: 14753: 14636: 14577: 14535: 14513: 14506: 14491: 14448: 14397: 14249: 14189: 14139: 14069: 14034: 13989: 13873: 13690: 13557: 13423: 13118: 12420: 12173: 11156:"Former PM Stephen Harper will be in the House for key votes, Ambrose says" 10929: 10461: 10155: 9906: 9808: 9698: 9445: 8826: 8166:(first ed.). Quebec City: Presses de l'Université Laval. p. 262. 7242: 6333:

Jack Aubry, "Battle lines being drawn up for ideological heart of Tories",

5888:

Kenneth Whyte, "The right-wingers duke it out in the Calgary West corral",

5190: 4881: 4557:. In the interview, Harper criticized the Trudeau government's large-scale 4554: 4531: 4479:. On May 9, he expressed support for Trump's decision to withdraw from the 4449: 4444:

On February 2, 2018, Harper revealed in a statement that he knew about the

4438: 4319: 4165: 4130: 3855: 3839: 3705: 3697: 3509: 3482: 3400: 3366: 3044: 2990: 2627: 2436: 2411: 2273: 2172: 2145: 2122: 1952:. Harper had been rumoured to be shifting his ideology closer to that of a 1821: 1797: 1765: 1597: 1518: 1467: 1373: 1242: 1048: 955: 490: 379: 354: 288: 231: 96: 11106:"PM says his government encouraged RCMP to destroy disputed long-gun data" 10430:"Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations" 9579:"9 ridings where anger over Veterans Affairs could hurt the Conservatives" 2251: 1978:, a tougher stance on crime, and closer relations with the United States. 1325:. He later changed his political allegiance because he disagreed with the 1075:. In 2003, Harper negotiated the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the 17027: 16973: 16923: 16913: 16753: 16743: 16415: 16375: 16129: 16075: 15835: 15534: 15432: 15237: 14918: 14898: 14520: 14355: 14244: 14234: 14149: 13883: 13863: 13773: 13630: 11547:"Harper opines on Trump win, extols 'populist conservatism' in new video" 10608:"It's official: Harper government withdraws from Kyoto climate agreement" 10408: 9441:"Axing long form census threatens health-care improvements, doctors warn" 9059:"Tories' new foreign-affairs vision shifts focus to 'economic diplomacy'" 9002: 8976: 8892:"Michael Fortier gets trounced by Bloc incumbent in Montreal-area riding" 6380:

Michael Taube, "United Alternative needs policy, not Reform party lite",

6009:

Susan Delacourt, "Charest, Manning dismiss reports of parties' merging",

5139: 5108: 5059: 5044: 5040: 4869: 4491: 3952: 3598: 3474:

Member of Parliament, and reduced the Bloc Québécois from 47 to 4 seats.

3437: 3404: 3030: 2863: 2632: 2617: 2612: 2579: 2544: 2539: 2524: 2421: 2343: 2278: 2157: 1982: 1918: 1769: 1760: 1695: 1688: 1661: 1593: 1555: 1539: 1478:, which Harper saw as leading to compromise on core ideological matters. 1258: 1092: 304: 243: 129: 14708: 12448:"Harper's Murdoch cameo, and other famous political pop culture mashups" 7647: 5226: 1422:

was a worst-case scenario, in that no-one had won a mandate for change.

17414:

Reform Party of Canada candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election

15058: 14998: 14983: 14893: 13670: 13491: 13433: 13411: 13028: 12712:

Right Here, Right Now: Politics and Leadership in the Age of Disruption

12683:

A Great Game: The Forgotten Leafs & the Rise of Professional Hockey

12352: 10476: 10025: 8201:"New book examines Trudeau government's record of living up to pledges" 8063:"Prime Minister Harper introduces Australian counterpart to Parliament" 6651:

Laghi, Brian (February 21, 2002). "Harper campaigns on social issues".

6338: 5198:

Right Here, Right Now: Politics and Leadership in the Age of Disruption

5120: 5074: 5020: 5015: 4873: 4501:

Right Here, Right Now: Politics and Leadership in the Age of Disruption

4498:

noted that they "echo the argument made in his recently released book,

4472: 4277: 4261: 4202: 4019: 3889: 3011: 2941: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2622: 2509: 2167: 1937: 1680: 1570: 1430: 1330: 672: 525: 513: 478: 10120:"Harper Says He'll Support Israel Even If It Hurts Canada Politically" 9876:"Stephen Harper renews attack on Russia's Vladimir Putin over Ukraine" 9694:"Feds spend $ 700,000 in court fighting veterans class-action lawsuit" 4288:

Other federal initiatives include the 2011 loan guarantee towards the

3613:

Harper during the 'Special Address' at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the

3477:

After the election, the Conservatives were accused of cheating in the

1820:

party. The possibility of a united conservative party increased after

1257:, with Harper's 4th great-grandfather Christopher having emigrated to 1020:(born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd 16713: 16703: 15038: 15033: 15003: 14883: 14863: 14528: 14484: 14154: 14134: 14124: 13853: 12950:

Full circle: death and resurrection in Canadian conservative politics

12659: 11732:"Former prime minister Stephen Harper backs Smith with video message" 10799: 10708:"Harper pledges to support major $ 6.2 billion hydroelectric project" 10611: 7878:"Letter requesting investigation to RCMP Commissioner William Elliot" 7152:"Harper, Layton, Duceppe sought 'co-opposition' in 2004 letter to GG" 6324:

Susan Riley, "Harper's suspect evolution", December 16, 2005, pg. A18

5766:"Tory candidates' anti-immigrant rhetoric an act of self-destruction" 5191:

A Great Game: The Forgotten Leafs and the Rise of Professional Hockey

5088:

A Great Game: The Forgotten Leafs and the Rise of Professional Hockey

4553:

In 2021, Harper appeared on the podcast American Optimist, hosted by

4480: 4476: 4418: 4210: 4038: 4011: 3894: 3314:

On December 4, 2008, Harper asked Governor General Michaëlle Jean to

2529: 2348: 2149: 1953: 1894: 1310: 1281: 1250: 158: 12061:"Former prime minister Stephen Harper invested into Order of Canada" 11444:"Harper Shows Support For Trump's Iran Decision In Full-Page NYT Ad" 11369:"Trudeau's Predecessor Says It's Conceivable Trump Will Scrap Nafta" 11181:"Stephen Harper says he could still 'easily' be Conservative leader" 10920: 10895: 6815:"Edited Hansard * Table of Contents * Number 074 (Official Version)" 5836:

George Oake, "Reform Party tries to avoid appearance of extremism",

1321:

Harper became involved in politics as a member of his high school's

1138:

non-confidence motion by a potential coalition of opposition parties

16993: 11977: 11961: 11235: 11208: 11159: 10503:"Little green lies: Prime Minister Harper and Canada's environment" 10123: 10094: 9925: 9852: 9826: 9582: 9492: 8878: 8138: 7851:"Harper heard on tape discussing financial inducements for late MP" 7827: 6599:"Five More MPs endorse Harper". Canada NewsWire. February 20, 2002. 5821:

Paul Gessell, "The "other' parties are picking up big followings",

5647: 5147: 5008: 4293: 4153: 3969: 3375: 3358: 2318: 1949: 1885:

This, along with an unpopular provincial budget by Liberal Premier

1526: 1475: 1358: 1298: 1246: 1071:, the successor to the Reform Party, and returned to parliament as 184: 12843:

Harper's Team: Behind the Scenes in the Conservative Rise to Power

11714:"Former PM Harper takes jab at Liberals over foreign interference" 9604:"Ask The Globe: Has Harper really increased spending on veterans?" 9145: 9119:"StatsCan recommended move to voluntary census, Tony Clement says" 8634:"Former prime minister Stephen Harper will leave federal politics" 8448:"Prorogation hurtles 'out of dusty law texts into the mainstream'" 6533:

Richard Mackie, "School tax-credit plan hailed as a money saver",

4820:

International. He is the first Canadian to be awarded this medal.

2014:

Harper was also criticized for supporting his caucus colleague MP

14948: 14823: 13037: 11080:"That's no way to treat a library, scientists say | Toronto Star" 10364:"PM, Obama talk trade, Afghanistan, pledge 'clean energy dialogue 7176:"Letter to Her Excellency the Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson" 6520:

Chantal Hebert, "Alberta, Quebec sing from same complaint book",

6481:

Jill Mahoney, "No 'firewall' needed around Alberta, Klein says",

6419:

Paul Adams, "Front-runner rides tide of religious conservatism",

5067: 4857:

awarded Stephen Harper with the highest award for foreigners–the

4854: 4508: 3906: 3863: 3859: 3826: 3819: 3540: 3300:

parliament, relegating Harper to minority government once again.

3103: 2079: 1870: 1254: 1238: 1234: 664: 568: 564: 17234: 13962: 10956:"Hundreds of world's scientists urge Harper to end funding cuts" 9373:"Siddiqui: Gutting of census stirs opposition to Stephen Harper" 7066:"The Liberals reap what they sow: why their negative ads failed" 6762:

Jeffrey Simpson, "He makes Harper think uncharitable thoughts",

3888:

In 2009, Harper visited China. During the visit Chinese Premier

1217:, the Conservative Party lost power to the Liberal Party led by 11690: 10830:"Harper pledges federal funding for Toronto's subway extension" 8586:"Elections Canada investigating 'robocalls' that misled voters" 8478:"SenateWatch: Five vacancies? Why not a baker's dozen instead?" 6226:

Susan Delacourt, "Seeds planted for opposition to unity plan",

5052: 5028: 4877: 4035:

Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations

3995: 3617:

at the congress centre in Davos, Switzerland, January 26, 2012.

2153: 11419:"Trump gets big cheers at Jewish-Christian gala at Mar-a-Lago" 10579: 5131:, which aired July 20, 2011, during the show's fourth season. 4572:

On July 25, 2022, Harper endorsed his former cabinet minister

4322:

announced a federal contribution of $ 660 million towards the

3922:

On September 11, 2007, Harper visited Australia and addressed

17142: 12189:"Why Stephen Harper keeps his evangelical faith very private" 8609:"Robocalls trial: Michael Sona sentenced to 9 months in jail" 8529:"The GOP Should Take a Page from Canada's Conservative Party" 7564:"Is he telling the truth? Doubts linger about Gurmant Grewal" 6840:. Tommy Douglas Research Institute. Salon.com. Archived from 6636:

Laghi, Brian (December 4, 2001). "Harper launches campaign".

6252:

Chantal Hebert, "Harper takes pragmatic approach to Quebec",

5143: 5095:(TSN) during the broadcast of the Canada–Russia final of the 4800:

in Calgary, the same place where he made his victory speech.

4768: 4648: 4023: 3901:

had criticized Harper for missing opening ceremonies for the

3879: 3303: 2052: 1736:

accordingly. He also endorsed greater provincial autonomy on

1558:'s 2000 tax cuts as a positive first step toward tax reform. 1453:

Harper was the only Reform MP to support the creation of the

12560:"A Critical Review of Stephen Harper Covering Guns N' Roses" 10548: 9325:

University of Toronto School of Public Policy and Governance

7772:"Conservatives made million-dollar offer to MP Cadman: book" 5476:"Politicians now more likely to be businessmen than lawyers" 2051:

Harper denied any wrongdoing and subsequently filed a civil

1909:

Two months after the federal election, Harper privately met

13002:

The Longer Im Prime Minister Stephen Harper And Canada 2006

10582:"Canada formally abandons Kyoto Protocol on climate change" 10457:"Aglukkaq touts emissions cuts, numbers tell another story" 9761:"China publicly scolds Harper for taking too long to visit" 8397: 5392:

The White Fence: Newsletter of the Tantramar Heritage Trust

4566: 4148:

at the Haiti Ministerial Preparatory Conference addressing

4081: 3960: 3885:

He reduced defence spending to 1 per cent of Canadian GDP.

3513:

Andrew Scheer resigned as Conservative leader in 2019, the

2979: 2268: 2121:

before making an important announcement on the taxation of

2078:

Stephen Harper giving a victory speech to party members in

1835: 1185: 1132:, in which the Conservatives won a larger minority, Harper 723: 11394:"Harper says he could not justify dumping Dykstra in 2015" 11052:"Scientists raise red flags over government research cuts" 10726:"Nixing of transit tax credit in federal budget draws ire" 8937:"Federal government ran $ 1B deficit for last fiscal year" 7617: 4490:

On November 19, 2018, Harper appeared on a show hosted by

4171:

The government received American news coverage during the

3621:

During Harper's tenure, Canada had budgetary surpluses in

1974:. He also argued, in general, for lower taxes, an elected 1714: 1573:. He made comments such as "Canada is a Northern European 13698: 12413:"Prime Minister Harper Shoots Cameo On Murdoch Mysteries" 10575: 10573: 6459:

Stephen Harper, Tom Flanagan et al., "The Alberta Agenda"

6265:

Daniel Leblanc, "Groups vow to fight new election bill",

3951:

On March 11 and 12, 2006, Harper made a surprise trip to

3915: 11205:"Stephen Harper's next move: Heading up his own company" 10792:"BUS RAPID TRANSIT SERVICE BREAKS GROUND IN MISSISSAUGA" 10674: 9596: 9515:"Census consensus eludes premiers: Several scold Harper" 8398:

Delacourt, Susan; Richard J. Brennan (January 5, 2010).

7146: 7144: 7142: 6350:

Scott Feschuk, "Harper rejects run at Tory leadership",

6035:

Edward Greenspon, "Reform's renewal off to slow start",

4591:

In September 2022, Harper attended Queen Elizabeth II's

1309:

and the first prime minister without a law degree since

12507:"Harper gets on stage with a little help from his wife" 11134:"Supreme Court appointments highlight a secret process" 8377:"Gov't not 'credible' on proroguing: ex-Harper advisor" 8333:"Parliament prorogued: Necessary move or undemocratic?" 6749:"Alliance leader won't face Tories in byelection bid", 6573:"Number 28 for Harper". Canada NewsWire. March 6, 2002. 6363:

Rosemary Spiers, "Preston Manning's fork in the road",

4864:

In December 2019, it was announced by Governor General

4408: 3645:

and was gradually lowered to $ 5.2 billion in 2013. In

3319:

Liberal supported confidence vote on January 29, 2009.

2194: 1783:

in May 2002. Later in the same month, he said that the

1245:. The Harper family traces its ancestral roots back to 17369:

Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta

12611:"Stephen Harper's stylist no longer on public payroll" 10570: 10526:"Bill C-30: Canada's Clean Air and Climate Change Act" 9231:"Former StatsCan head slams census decision by Tories" 8357:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 31, 2009 8335:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 30, 2009 7742:"Tories tried to sway vote of dying MP, widow alleges" 7721:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 28, 2005 7626:(4). American Political Science Association: 815–819. 5901:

Neville Nankivell, "Reform's voice will grow louder",

5808:

Geoff White, "Ottawa will be hearing from Reform MP",

5039:

on December 11, 1993. Laureen was formerly married to

4829:

official apology on behalf of the Government of Canada

3629:

of $ 13.8 and 9.6 billion respectively. Following the

10749:. Infrastructure Canada. June 1, 2013. Archived from 10599: 10028:. CanWest News Service. July 17, 2006. Archived from 9786:"Harper has messed up relations with China: Chrétien" 9666:. Veterans Ombudsman. August 15, 2014. Archived from 9626: 9003:"Canada's resilient economy: The Goldilocks recovery" 8427:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. January 23, 2010 8134:"Conservative Party fined for breaking election laws" 7238:"Bloc leader accuses Harper of lying about coalition" 7139: 6693:

Robert Fife, "Day accused of courting evangelicals",

5983:, "Stephen Harper: a neo-con in a land of liberals", 5936:. International Committee of the Fourth International 5853:, (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 2005), pp. 179–83 5324:"What it's like living in Stephen Harper's old house" 4228:

Environmental policy of the Stephen Harper government

1842:

2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election

12792:

French Kiss: Stephen Harper's Blind Date with Quebec

12300:"Long before Leafs, T.O. had a team to call its own" 11876:

Harris, Kathleen; Czekaj, Laura (October 14, 2008).

10580:

Curry, Bill and Shawn McCarthy (September 6, 2012).

10151:"Anti-Semitism on the rise here and abroad, PM says" 9146:

LAURA PAYTON, Parliamentary Bureau (July 14, 2010).

8839: 8837: 8584:

Maher, Stephen; McGregor, Glen (February 27, 2012).

7378:"Canadians don't want election now, opposition says" 6680:"No more Mr. Nice Guy in Alliance leadership race", 6445:

Stephen Harper, "Get the state out of the economy",

6367:, February 18, 1999, p. 1; "But who will lead it?", 5914:"Harris joins other leaders in calling for change", 5208: 4595:, along with other former Canadian prime ministers. 3751:

supported the change. The provincial governments of

3666:

to generate employment opportunities for Canadians.

1904: 1561:

In 1997, Harper delivered a controversial speech on

1442:

changing federal policy in these and other matters.

10765: 10087:"Cannon blames Ignatieff for Canada's UN vote loss" 9922:"PM hints Canada may stay in Afghanistan past 2009" 9570: 9561: 9543: 9462:"Don't mess with census, statisticians tell Tories" 9148:"Few complaints about census: privacy commissioner" 7231: 7229: 6719:Brian Laghi, "Harper, Day swap insults in debate", 6666:Hunter, Ian (March 7, 2002). "The cult of policy". 6022:Geoffrey York, "Reform MPs snarl at party rebuke", 5967:Joan Crockett, "Robinson lays equality complaint", 4823:On July 11, 2011, Harper was honoured by Alberta's 4483:by lending his signature to an ad that appeared in 3933:leader who would defend Mr. Putin having a place." 1272:Harper attended Northlea Public School and, later, 16511: 16251: 15947: 15665: 15366: 15104: 12999: 12947: 12902: 12789: 12439: 11911:"Time Magazine dubs Harper Cdn. newsmaker of 2006" 10316:"Harper meddling in U.S. primaries, Democrats say" 10016:"Harper dodges questions on Israel-Lebanon crisis" 9902:"Harper has burned bridges abroad, Ignatieff says" 9823:"Harper praises Australian troops, elected senate" 9688: 9682: 9309:Glendon School of Public and International Affairs 8875:"Fortier 'didn't want to run' in federal election" 8687:"Rona Ambrose elected interim Conservative leader" 7409:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. June 24, 2005 7045:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. June 20, 2004 7039:"Stephen Harper's campaign mistake - CBC Archives" 5394:, Issue # 45, April 2010. Accessed April 10, 2021. 2018:. Grewal had produced tapes of conversations with 1640:After the Canadian Alliance's poor showing in the 1202:, and grappled with controversies surrounding the 12709: 12680: 12405: 11930:"PM calls UN conference an 'anti-Western hatefest 11128: 11126: 10293:"Clinton Campaign Demands Obama Answers on NAFTA" 9895: 9893: 9314:National Specialty Society for Community Medicine 8834: 7986: 7799:"Liberals to RCMP: Investigate Tory bribe claims" 7596:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. May 31, 2005 7403:"Commons amends budget in surprise midnight vote" 3593:large margin by the incumbent Bloc Québécois MP. 17364:Members of the Christian and Missionary Alliance 17245: 12357:"Harper, Howe, Gretzky. No leftwingers in sight" 12246:"PM Harper set to finish book on Canada's sport" 11232:"Stephen Harper Inc.: Former PM sets up company" 9849:"Stephen Harper's speech to the Israeli Knesset" 9746:"Canadian Military Spending as a Percent of GDP" 8160:Birch, Lisa; Pétry, François, eds. (July 2019). 7989:"Harper seen as most trusted leader, poll finds" 7824:"PM files libel suit, Dion refuses to apologize" 7818: 7816: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7226: 6975:"Copps's battle a symptom of Liberal infighting" 6945:"The Inside Story Of Canada's Nastiest Campaign" 5802: 5494: 5408:. Archived from the original on October 19, 2006 4609:In April 2023, Harper endorsed Albertan Premier 4428: 3897:in our country." In 2008, former-prime minister 12297: 11149: 11147: 10235:"Harper rebukes U.S. envoy over Arctic dispute" 10232: 9967:. Canadian Press. July 13, 2006. Archived from 9778: 9752: 9576: 8900:. Kelowna, BC. Canadian Press. October 14, 2008 8660:"Stephen Harper resigns as Conservative leader" 8559:"Quebec sovereignty movement anything but dead" 8090:"PM shucks Reform roots for a royal connection" 7764: 7529: 7206: 6779:Brian Laghi, "Motion by MLAs condemns Harper", 6167:"Distinct Societies | Maclean's | June 9, 1997" 5579:"Longtime Calgary MP Jim Hawkes has died at 84" 5019:Prime Minister Stephen Harper speaking at 2009 4268:system in Quebec, Ontario discontinuing use of 3982:International reactions to the 2006 Lebanon War 3806:Foreign policy of the Stephen Harper government 3520: 1461:in 1995, although he later voted against it at 1087:, the new party lost its first election to the 17374:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada 16445:indicates parties with members elected to the 16155:indicates parties with members elected to the 15861:indicates parties with members elected to the 15564:indicates parties with members elected to the 15270:indicates parties with members elected to the 11123: 10605: 10500: 10396: 10208:Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada 9890: 9873: 9284:Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants 8815: 8813: 8785: 7968:. cbc.ca. The Canadian Press. October 10, 2008 7914:"No charges to be laid in Cadman affair: RCMP" 7668:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 7456:"Canadian Leader Rejects a No-Confidence Vote" 7013:"Are MP's remarks like 2004 again for Harper?" 6917:. Conservative Party of Canada. Archived from 6195: 5954:Marta Gold, "Same-sex fight going to Ottawa", 5461:Harrison, Trevor W., (2012) "Stephen Harper." 4173:Democratic Party's 2008 presidential primaries 1376:was elected as the party's first MP in a 1989 16497: 16237: 15933: 15651: 15352: 15090: 14694: 14296: 13948: 13746: 13732: 13390: 13053: 12738:List of books about Prime Ministers of Canada 12331:"Harper prefers 'team' approach to shootouts" 12243: 12013:"Full list of new Order of Canada recipients" 11927: 11758:"Full list of new Order of Canada recipients" 10848:"Ottawa will help pay for Scarborough subway" 10771: 10636: 10402: 10060:, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, December 4, 2008 9438: 9116: 8583: 8400:"Grassroots fury greets shuttered Parliament" 7813: 7786: 7613: 7611: 6269:, June 8, 1999, pg. A4; "Gagged by statute", 6239:Stephen Harper, "Why Chrétien mustn't flag", 6117:"Stephen Harper named A NCC Vice-President", 5397: 5354: 4565:, calling it "overkill". He also criticized " 4437:started by the United States under President 4350: 4076:In 2010, Canada lost a bid for a seat on the 3580:October 2008 election. The one exception was 3422: 3378:protest group attracted over 20,000 members. 3250: 2834:Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia 1679:Harper and the NCC endorsed a private school 985: 17409:Recipients of the Order of Liberty (Ukraine) 13964:Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada 11875: 11144: 10454: 10342:"PM denies top aide leaked Obama NAFTA memo" 10079: 10076:, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, March 13, 2009. 9418:"Bishops castigate Clement on census change" 9255:expressing their disapproval of the change: 9085:"There Is More to Foreign Policy Than Trade" 8920:"Canada's deficits and surpluses, 1963-2014" 8843: 8704: 7478: 7476: 6938: 6936: 5436:, August 5, 2004. Retrieved October 9, 2006. 5258:Canada–United States softwood lumber dispute 5111:for a Saskatoon Kinsmen Club charity event. 4895:, the province's civilian honour for merit. 3597:campaign manager of the Conservative Party, 2117:'s office had leaked information leading to 503:October 25, 1993 – January 14, 1997 88:February 6, 2006 – November 4, 2015 17339:Leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada 14312:Leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada 13333:2004 Conservative Party leadership election 12328: 11574:"Don't Let Google Get Away With Censorship" 11153: 11011: 10893: 10494: 10313: 10063: 9981: 9344:Canadian Association of University Teachers 9259:Canadian Association for Business Economics 8951:"Debt-to-GDP ratio shows Canada's strength" 8810: 8765:"Quebecers form a nation within Canada: PM" 8577: 8425:"Thousands protest Parliament's suspension" 8355:"PM 'shutting democracy down', says Easter" 7966:"Audio expert says Cadman tape not altered" 6907: 6732:Dawn Walton, "Rookie Levant ready to run", 6341:was also mentioned as a possible supporter. 5788:"Rex Murphy: Stephen Harper's new priority" 4872:on September 18, 2022, by Governor General 3389: 1943: 1517:. "Our Benign Dictatorship" also commended 1368:Harper ran for the House of Commons in the 1228: 19:For other people named Stephen Harper, see 17359:Members of the Alberta Order of Excellence 16804:The referendum on the Charlottetown Accord 16504: 16490: 16244: 16230: 15940: 15926: 15658: 15644: 15359: 15345: 15097: 15083: 14701: 14687: 14303: 14289: 13955: 13941: 13917: 13739: 13725: 13089:Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada 13060: 13046: 12086:"Picture of Stephen Harper holding degree" 11993:. Office of the President. August 22, 2016 11958:"Harper honoured by Alberta's Blood Tribe" 11012:Klinkenborg, Verlyn (September 21, 2013). 10268:. Ottawa: globeandmail.com. Archived from 10266:"Harper denies aide leaked Obama document" 10114: 10112: 8931: 8929: 8159: 7707: 7608: 7582: 7561: 7447: 7395: 7338: 6881: 5636: 5634: 5363:"Tracing the Prime Minister's family tree" 5321: 5097:2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships 4891:In 2023, he was appointed a Member of the 3304:2008 parliamentary dispute and prorogation 3257: 3243: 3129:Progressive Group for Independent Business 2947:Progressive Conservative Assoc. of Alberta 2819:Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba 1414:. A long-standing opponent of centralized 992: 978: 401:March 20, 2002 – December 7, 2003 346:March 20, 2004 – October 19, 2015 223:March 20, 2004 – February 6, 2006 58: 16:Prime Minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015 17279:21st-century Canadian non-fiction writers 12945: 12883:Stephen Harper & the Future of Canada 12504: 12154: 11833:Website of the Governor General of Canada 11816:Website of the Governor General of Canada 10919: 9899: 9289:Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada 9228: 9200:"StatsCan boss quits over census changes" 9197: 8499:Government's defeat sets up election call 7739: 7676: 7473: 7297: 7083: 7031: 6933: 6889:"2004 Conservative Leadership Convention" 6313:Full text of Stephen Harper's 1997 speech 5444: 5442: 4698:Member of the Alberta Order of Excellence 4448:allegations against then Conservative MP 3089:Citizens Centre for Freedom and Democracy 2937:Conservative Party of Quebec (historical) 2839:Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario 1707:newspaper reported that former Reform MP 642: 13350:2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute 12860: 12839: 12472: 12380: 12212: 11980:, The Canadian Press, September 27, 2012 11908: 11787:"The Right Honourable Stephen J. Harper" 11657: 11631: 10149:Brennan, Richard J. (November 8, 2010). 9758: 9485: 9077: 9051: 8762: 8445: 7958: 7427: 7305:"Tories to launch anti-gay marriage ads" 7121:"What should the Conservatives do next?" 7057: 7005: 6164: 6070: 5665: 5640: 5465:Historica Canada last ed. June 11, 2015. 5455: 5302:International Democrat Union until 2023. 5014: 4994: 4745:Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal 4525: 4458: 4231: 4136: 4124: 3985: 3825: 3809: 3745:Registered Nurses Association of Ontario 3608: 3558: 3530: 3527:Domestic policy of the Harper government 3336: 3310:2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute 3283: 2900:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada 2890:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) 2170:". Journalist Graham Fraser said in the 2073: 2063: 1854: 1836:Conservative Party leadership, 2004–2006 1405: 1077:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada 1055:, instead joining and later leading the 12968: 12879: 12813:The American Review of Canadian Studies 12744: 12631: 12123:. Tel Aviv University. January 23, 2014 11781: 11779: 11332:Panetta, Alexander (October 27, 2017). 11331: 11280: 11278: 10776:. Canadian Metalworking. Archived from 10558:. Environment Canada. November 28, 2011 10263: 10148: 10109: 10051:"Presidents Conference to honor Harper" 9279:Institute for Research on Public Policy 8926: 8820:Brennan, Richard J. (August 27, 2009). 8819: 8122:Vol. 40, No. 1, March 2010, pp. 118–145 7715:"Liberals Lose Confidence of the House" 7566:. Ottawa: Free Dominion. Archived from 7347:"The Incredible Sinking Prime Minister" 7266:"Harper wanted 2004 coalition: Duceppe" 6838:"No Bush, please — we're Canadian" 6196:Harper, Stephen; Flanagan, Tom (1997). 6132:"The old Stephen Harper was preferable" 6098:"Harper, Manning and the path to power" 5851:Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada 5631: 5532:Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada 5450:Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada 5388:Prime Minister Harper's Tantramar Roots 5349:Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada 5253:List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II 4719:Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal 4368:(September 5, 2008 – September 1, 2016) 4221: 4098: 3965:International Security Assistance Force 3729:Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops 2849:Progressive Conservative Party of Sask. 1971:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1715:Canadian Alliance leadership, 2002–2003 1652:with a provincial plan and replace the 1529:" approach of the previous management. 1316: 1178:withdrew Canada from the Kyoto Protocol 456:May 13, 2002 – August 26, 2016 280:May 21, 2002 – January 8, 2004 17246: 16878:1999, as Newsmaker of the 20th Century 12923: 12900: 12787: 12583: 12557: 12270: 11878:"Conservatives back in minority power" 11571: 11229: 11199: 11197: 11074: 11072: 11046: 11044: 11042: 11007: 11005: 10978: 10976: 10949: 10947: 10889: 10887: 10291:Parker, Jennifer (February 29, 2008). 10290: 9439:Campion-Smith, Bruce (July 15, 2010). 9349:Canadian Council on Social Development 9141: 9139: 9117:Campion-Smith, Bruce (July 16, 2010). 9112: 9110: 8684: 8606: 8198: 8131: 8087: 7987:CTV.ca News Staff (January 11, 2005). 7682: 7482: 7453: 7375: 7344: 7263: 7089: 6665: 6609: 5927: 5785: 5439: 4511:video explaining why Donald Trump was 4507:In January 2019, Harper appeared on a 4380:(October 21, 2011 – September 1, 2022) 4318:. In September 2013, Finance Minister 3604: 3069:Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform 2809:Conservative Party of British Columbia 17354:Members of the 28th Canadian Ministry 16485: 16225: 15921: 15639: 15340: 15078: 14682: 14284: 13936: 13720: 13389: 13041: 12997: 12577: 12551: 12505:Chianello, Joanne (October 2, 2009). 12298:Harper, Stephen (December 23, 2006). 12213:Campbell, Colin (February 20, 2006). 11711: 11683: 11366: 10392:. Environment Canada. April 17, 2015. 9950:. January 23, 2014. January 23, 2014. 9900:Delacourt, Susan (November 2, 2010). 9391:"Ditching census upsets faith groups" 9021: 8607:Coorsh, Karolyn (November 19, 2014). 8278:"Harper running away from Parliament" 7936:"Canada PM sues opposition for libel" 7430:"The emerging Conservative coalition" 7329: 7235: 6942: 6835: 6650: 6635: 6432:Stephen Harper, "On second thought", 6052: 5721: 5360: 5322:Ballingall, Alex (October 19, 2015). 5118:in an episode of the television show 4316:Toronto York–Spadina Subway Extension 3747:all opposed the change. However, the 3713:Federation of Canadian Municipalities 3329:2010 Canada anti-prorogation protests 2844:Progressive Conservative Party of PEI 1394:Harper stood for office again in the 1051:. He did not seek re-election in the 17149: 17069:Children lost in residential schools 12846:. McGill-Queens's University Press. 12810: 12537:"PM gets by with help from Yo-Yo Ma" 12351: 12186: 12033: 11776: 11684:Major, Darren (September 15, 2022). 11275: 10639:"Canada Pulling out of Kyoto Accord" 10606:De Souza, Mike (December 14, 2012). 10501:Boyd, David R. (February 28, 2012). 10264:Panetta, Alexander (March 4, 2008). 10233:Gloria Galloway (January 27, 2006). 9804:"Harper Erred on Olympics: Chrétien" 9610:. September 14, 2015. Archived from 9564:"90% of VAC budget goes to services" 9415: 9229:Ditchburn, Jennifer (July 1, 2010). 9198:Proudfoot, Shannon (July 21, 2010). 8786:Canadian Press (November 27, 2006). 8446:Galloway, Gloria (January 7, 2010). 7853:. The Canadian Press. Archived from 7063: 6624: 5928:Dufour, Richard (January 20, 2006). 5666:McDonald, Marci (October 12, 2004). 4954: 4578:leadership of the Conservative Party 4409:Conservative backbencher (2015–2016) 4060:to honour the Jewish victims of the 3641:. The deficit was $ 55.6 billion in 3341:Prime Minister Stephen Harper & 2932:British Columbia Social Credit Party 2829:Progressive Conservative Party of NL 2824:Progressive Conservative Party of NB 2195:Prime Minister of Canada (2006–2015) 1981:Following the April 2005 release of 1495: 1059:, a conservative lobbyist group. In 1039:. He was one of the founders of the 12971:American Review of Canadian Studies 12929:Harperland: The Politics of Control 12796:. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf Canada. 12754:American Review of Canadian Studies 12632:Jolivet, Lindsay (March 21, 2013). 12558:Pastuk, Slava (December 11, 2014). 12381:Brownlee, Karen (August 30, 2006). 12244:Kennedy, Mark (December 20, 2011). 11991:"УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №340/2016" 11964:, The Canadian Press, July 11, 2011 11249: 11194: 11069: 11039: 11002: 10973: 10944: 10894:Evans Ogden, Lesley (May 5, 2016). 10884: 10637:Kennedy, Mark (December 12, 2011). 10390:"National Greenhouse Gas Emissions" 9982:Blanchfield, Mike (July 19, 2006). 9802:Tibbets, Janice. (August 19, 2008) 9759:Ibbitson, John (December 3, 2009). 9577:Zilio, Michelle (August 24, 2015). 9136: 9107: 9091:. November 28, 2013. Archived from 8515:"Business of Supply (Division 204)" 8308:"Canadian Federal Election of 2011" 8250: 8132:Payton, Laura (November 10, 2011). 8120:American Review of Canadian Studies 7875: 7848: 7101:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 5283:Canada's Global Markets Action Plan 5179:Electoral history of Stephen Harper 5172: 4898: 4435:North American Free Trade Agreement 4392:(June 9, 2014 – September 15, 2019) 4283: 4209:, as well as Democratic strategist 4187:primaries, where perceptions among 3779:Under Harper, the annual budget of 3432:. This was the first occurrence in 3350:2010 Vancouver Winter Olympic Games 3322: 3149:True North Centre for Public Policy 1200:Canada's Global Markets Action Plan 886:Canada's Global Markets Action Plan 13: 17344:Leaders of the Opposition (Canada) 17304:Canadian people of English descent 17274:21st-century Canadian male writers 13067: 12731: 12613:. The Canadian Press. May 18, 2010 12445: 12423:. October 15, 2010. Archived from 10772:Hendley, Nate (November 5, 2015). 10318:. globeandmail.com. Archived from 10210:. January 28, 2008. Archived from 10126:. November 9, 2010. Archived from 10070:"Harper: Anti-Semitism 'pernicious 9640:. October 23, 2014. Archived from 9486:Gutstein, Donald (July 27, 2010). 9459: 9339:Canadian Public Health Association 9269:Caledon Institute of Social Policy 8284:. December 5, 2008. Archived from 8088:Fraser, Graham (August 19, 2006). 7620:PS: Political Science and Politics 7537:"National Post, May 14, 2005" 7376:Palmer, Randall (March 13, 2008). 7207:Frances Russell (March 30, 2011). 6511:, February 13, 2001, 11:45 report. 5641:Schwartz, Daniel (April 4, 2002). 5156:With a Little Help from My Friends 4606:agreement with the Liberal Party. 4064:, which included an attack on the 3955:, where Canadian Forces personnel 3550:, one of two ships wrecked during 3535:Harper appearing at a gala at the 3357:the request. In an interview with 3177:Conservatism in the United Kingdom 3074:Canadian Coalition for Democracies 2772:Christian Heritage Party of Canada 2166:, petition of rights, and English 1261:in 1774, where he later served as 14: 17445: 17329:Companions of the Order of Canada 17319:Canadian political party founders 13022: 12271:Keller, Tony (November 6, 2013). 12187:Todd, Douglas (August 17, 2008). 11847:"Centennial Medal Recipients H–N" 11572:Prager, Dennis (August 6, 2019). 11154:Lunn, Susan (December 10, 2015). 10953: 9961:"Harper sides firmly with Israel" 9788:. August 19, 2008. Archived from 8844:Steven Chase (October 15, 2008). 8788:"Québécois motion passes, 266–16" 8685:Dehaas, Josh (November 5, 2015). 8253:"MAKING MINORITY GOVERNMENT WORK" 7683:Geddes, John (December 5, 2005). 7454:Krauss, Clifford (May 11, 2005). 7064:Rose, Johnathan (March 1, 2006). 6836:Beers, David (January 25, 2006). 5605:"CBC.CA - Stephen Harper profile" 5248:List of prime ministers of Canada 5064:Christian and Missionary Alliance 5062:, a member of RockPointe Church ( 5007:watching a 2012 football game in 4615:2023 Albertan provincial election 4404:(August 31, 2015 – June 12, 2023) 4362:(March 1, 2006 – August 31, 2015) 4308: 4052:In March 2009, Harper spoke at a 3799: 3182:Conservatism in the United States 1905:Agreement with the BQ and the NDP 1781:leader of the Official Opposition 1554:, and supported Finance Minister 1172:in which the Conservatives won a 1073:leader of the Official Opposition 17334:Conservative Party of Canada MPs 17269:21st-century Canadian economists 17264:20th-century Canadian economists 17226: 17209: 17192: 17175: 17158: 17119: 17107: 13916: 13907: 13906: 12905:The Pilgrimage of Stephen Harper 12886:(2nd ed.). Douglas Gibson. 12703: 12674: 12648: 12625: 12603: 12529: 12498: 12466: 12374: 12345: 12322: 12291: 12264: 12248:. Postmedia News. Archived from 12237: 12206: 12180: 12142:PM-to-be's wife kept low profile 12135: 12100: 12078: 12053: 12027: 12005: 11983: 11974:"Stephen Harper World Statesman" 11967: 11951: 11921: 11902: 11869: 11839: 11822: 11805: 11750: 11724: 11712:Major, Darren (March 22, 2023). 11705: 11677: 11658:Boisvert, Nick (July 25, 2022). 11651: 11632:Boisvert, Nick (July 27, 2021). 11625: 11599: 11565: 11539: 11513: 11487: 11462: 11436: 11411: 11386: 11367:Quinn, Greg (October 11, 2017). 11360: 11325: 11304: 11223: 11173: 11098: 10784: 10718: 10630: 10517: 10448: 10422: 10403:Young, Leslie (August 7, 2015). 10382: 10356: 10334: 10307: 10284: 10257: 10226: 10196: 10170: 10142: 10044: 10008: 9975: 9953: 9940: 9914: 9867: 9841: 9815: 9796: 9738: 9713: 9555: 9537: 9507: 9479: 9453: 9432: 9409: 9383: 9365: 9245: 9222: 9191: 9165: 8995: 8969: 8943: 8912: 8884: 8868: 8779: 8756: 8730: 8678: 8652: 8626: 8600: 8551: 8520: 8508: 8492: 8470: 8439: 8417: 8391: 8369: 8347: 8325: 8300: 8270: 8244: 8218: 8192: 8153: 8125: 8112: 8081: 8055: 8033: 8011: 7980: 7942:. March 13, 2008. Archived from 7928: 7906: 7869: 7842: 7740:Galloway, Gloria; Laghi, Brian. 7733: 7555: 7421: 7369: 7323: 7283: 7264:Payton, Laura (March 26, 2011). 7257: 7236:Chung, Andrew (March 26, 2011). 7200: 7168: 7160:. March 27, 2011. Archived from 6171:Maclean's | The Complete Archive 5225: 5211: 5058:In the late 1980s, he became an 4990: 4958: 4926: 4767: 4737: 4711: 4690: 4677:Companion of the Order of Canada 4669: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4631: 4626: 4114: 3994:Harper has shown admiration for 3919:] years as prime minister". 3741:American Statistical Association 3725:Evangelical Fellowship of Canada 3588:, arguing the government needed 3488: 3443: 3224: 3212: 2677:Canada and the Canadian Question 2220: 2040:, it is illegal to bribe an MP. 1917:and New Democratic Party leader 1674:2001 Alberta provincial election 1436:Canadian Human Rights Commission 1344:, the founder and leader of the 1204:Canadian Senate expenses scandal 1176:. During his third term, Harper 1114:to five percent, and passed the 931:Leader of the Conservative Party 881:Canadian Senate expenses scandal 775: 743: 710: 334:Leader of the Conservative Party 12584:Hickey, Kyle (March 30, 2016). 12329:Tuck, Simon (January 6, 2007). 11928:Andrew Mayeda (June 28, 2008). 10684:. Nalcor Energy. Archived from 9874:Terry Milewski (June 8, 2015). 8526: 8019:"The Income Trusts Probe: FAQs" 7345:Geddes, John (April 25, 2005). 7209:"Deception, thy name is Harper" 7113: 6988: 6967: 6856: 6829: 6807: 6790: 6773: 6756: 6743: 6726: 6713: 6700: 6687: 6674: 6659: 6644: 6629: 6618: 6603: 6592: 6577: 6566: 6553: 6540: 6527: 6514: 6501: 6488: 6475: 6452: 6439: 6426: 6413: 6400: 6387: 6374: 6357: 6344: 6327: 6318: 6306: 6293: 6276: 6259: 6246: 6233: 6220: 6189: 6158: 6145: 6124: 6111: 6090: 6064: 6046: 6029: 6016: 6003: 5990: 5974: 5961: 5948: 5921: 5908: 5895: 5882: 5856: 5843: 5830: 5815: 5779: 5758: 5724:Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 5715: 5685: 5668:"The Man behind Stephen Harper" 5659: 5597: 5571: 5537: 5524: 5183: 4329: 4129:Harper meets with US president 4105:European Free Trade Association 3999:wrongs, especially in light of 3941:UN Millennium Development Goals 1028:, serving as the party's first 939:Leader of the Canadian Alliance 638: 21:Stephen Harper (disambiguation) 17389:People from East York, Toronto 17314:Canadian political consultants 16513:Canadian Newsmaker of the Year 16253:2004 Canadian federal election 15949:2006 Canadian federal election 15667:2008 Canadian federal election 15368:2011 Canadian federal election 15106:2015 Canadian federal election 12473:Dunfield, A. (June 25, 2004). 12215:"The church of Stephen Harper" 11909:CTV News (December 17, 2006). 11230:Payton, Laura (May 25, 2016). 10455:Geddes, John (April 4, 2014). 9274:Canadian Institute of Planners 9089:Canadian International Council 8846:"Harper targets Senate reform" 8763:CBC News (November 22, 2006). 7590:"Grewal releases secret tapes" 7562:O'Neil, Peter (May 28, 2005). 7428:Flanagan, Tom (June 1, 2011). 5786:Murphy, Rex (March 22, 2007). 5468: 5380: 5341: 5315: 5296: 4811:Canada's Newsmaker of the Year 4121:Canada–United States relations 3946: 3669: 3543:to celebrate the discovery of 3495:2015 Canadian federal election 3450:2011 Canadian federal election 3372:Canadian Afghan detainee issue 3290:2008 Canadian federal election 2070:2006 Canadian federal election 1861:2004 Canadian federal election 1274:John G. Althouse Middle School 1233:Harper was born and raised in 1164:found his government to be in 876:2011 voter suppression scandal 1: 12954:. Toronto: Key Porter Books. 10556:"Clean Air Regulatory Agenda" 10370:. CBC News. February 19, 2009 10314:Brian Laghi (March 3, 2008). 9488:"Why Attack the Long Census?" 9354:Canadian Economic Association 9033:Canada's Economic Action Plan 8822:"Harper appoints 9 to Senate" 8251:Fox, Graham (November 2009). 7774:. CBC News. February 27, 2008 7483:Bryden, Joan (May 30, 2005). 6943:Wells, Paul (July 12, 2004). 5736:10.1080/11926422.2017.1359195 5309: 5146:. In October 2009, he joined 5049:Rockcliffe Park Public School 4429:After politics (2016–present) 4242:Deep Bay Marine Field Station 4133:in Ottawa, February 19, 2009. 3737:Statistical Society of Canada 3271:Premiership of Stephen Harper 3079:Canadian Taxpayers Federation 2927:Action démocratique du Québec 2910:Social Credit Party of Canada 2097:negative ads targeting Harper 1985:'s damaging testimony at the 1779:Harper officially became the 1654:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 1637:through "state corporatism". 1278:Richview Collegiate Institute 1223:International Democracy Union 861:2008–09 parliamentary dispute 150:International Democracy Union 17424:University of Calgary alumni 16211:Liberal Party advertisements 13168:Conservative Party of Canada 12983:10.1080/02722011.2013.819586 12745:Behiels, Michael D. (2010). 8379:. CTV News. January 12, 2010 7634:(inactive August 12, 2024). 7539:. Canada.com. Archived from 6710:, February 12, 2002, pg. A12 6384:, February 25, 1999, pg. A14 6371:, February 22, 1999, pg. A10 6230:, September 18, 1997, pg. A1 5263:Conservative Party of Canada 4758:Canadian order of precedence 4728:Canadian order of precedence 4656: 4542:On March 11, 2021, during a 4521:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 4398:(December 1, 2014 – present) 4374:(October 21, 2011 – present) 4324:Scarborough Subway Extension 4008:2006 Israel–Lebanon conflict 3786:minister of veterans affairs 3733:Canadian Medical Association 3702:chief statistician of Canada 3521:Domestic and economic policy 3084:Catholic Civil Rights League 2814:Conservative Party of Quebec 2777:Conservative Party of Canada 2697:Who Killed Canadian History? 1830:Conservative Party of Canada 1611: 1500: 1026:Conservative Party of Canada 815:International Democrat Union 7: 16544:William Lyon Mackenzie King 12539:. CBC News. October 4, 2009 12475:"Lighter side: C'est what?" 12446:Li, Anita (July 13, 2011). 11886:. Sun Media. Archived from 9329:Rotman School of Management 9264:Canadian Nurses Association 9029:"Global Market Action Plan" 8021:. CBC.ca. February 15, 2007 7019:. Postmedia. April 21, 2011 6864:"Unite the right: Timeline" 6697:, February 9, 2002, pg. A06 6449:, February 8, 2002, pg. A14 6393:Tim Harper, "Bible belts", 6315:, CTV.ca, December 14, 2005 6243:, December 2, 1999, pg. A17 5204: 5138:collection and is a fan of 5077:, he has been a fan of the 5066:) in Bearspaw, a suburb of 4893:Alberta Order of Excellence 4517:2016 United States election 4386:(October 5, 2012 – present) 4238:Vancouver Island University 3774: 3771:, also opposed the change. 3633:, Canada ran deficits from 3119:National Citizens Coalition 3114:Montreal Economic Institute 2782:Libertarian Party of Canada 1873:that came as a result of a 1567:Council for National Policy 1515:proportional representation 1400:National Citizens Coalition 1057:National Citizens Coalition 10: 17450: 17419:Reform Party of Canada MPs 17324:Canadian political writers 17057:Front-line workers in the 13265:Federal Accountability Act 12735: 10896:"Nine years of censorship" 9566:. Veterans Affairs Canada. 9551:. Veterans Affairs Canada. 8065:. Pm.gc.ca. Archived from 6684:, February 4, 2002, pg. A3 6524:, February 14, 2001, p. 1. 6464:November 18, 2004, at the 6436:, October 5, 2000, pg. A18 6151:Thomas Walkom, No title , 5918:, October 31, 1995, pg. A1 5176: 5047:, to send his children to 4999:Stephen Harper and former 4620: 4487:a day after the decision. 4351:Supreme Court appointments 4225: 4118: 4047:delegitimization of Israel 3979: 3803: 3664:Global Markets Action Plan 3524: 3492: 3485:was convicted and jailed. 3447: 3423:2011 vote of no confidence 3326: 3307: 3287: 3268: 3094:Focus on the Family Canada 2895:Liberal-Conservative Party 2067: 2056:committed a criminal act. 1858: 1839: 1790:Legislature of Nova Scotia 1569:, a conservative American 1455:Canadian Firearms Registry 1425:Harper has expressed some 1117:Federal Accountability Act 18: 17404:Prime ministers of Canada 17284:21st-century evangelicals 17102: 16519: 16456: 16279: 16259: 16166: 15975: 15955: 15907:Anything But Conservative 15872: 15693: 15673: 15575: 15394: 15374: 15281: 15132: 15112: 14728: 14610: 14566: 14545: 14437: 14337: 14322: 13970: 13902: 13754: 13748:Prime ministers of Canada 13705: 13695: 13687: 13677: 13667: 13659: 13654: 13644: 13635: 13627: 13617: 13608: 13600: 13590: 13581: 13573: 13568: 13554: 13544: 13532: 13515: 13503: 13498: 13488: 13474: 13469: 13448: 13440: 13430: 13416: 13408: 13401: 13396: 13391:Links to related articles 13366: 13325: 13283: 13207: 13176: 13137: 13075: 13006:. Toronto: Random House. 12880:Johnson, William (2006). 12861:Gutstein, Donald (2014). 12825:10.1080/02722010809481819 12766:10.1080/02722010903545418 12383:"Don't quit your day job" 12306:. Toronto. Archived from 10682:"Lower Churchill Project" 10056:December 6, 2008, at the 9984:"Neutral stance rejected" 9562:Veterans Affairs Canada. 9544:Veterans Affairs Canada. 9379:. Toronto. July 10, 2010. 7632:10.1017/S1049096506060987 6740:, March 29, 2002, pg. A01 6682:Kitchener-Waterloo Record 6337:, April 7, 1998, pg. C3; 6303:, February 29, 2000, p. 1 6256:, April 26, 2002, pg. A25 6198:"Our benign dictatorship" 6082:. Toronto. Archived from 5905:, October 31, 1995, p. 23 5892:, October 2, 1993, pg. D2 5824:Kitchener-Waterloo Record 5812:, April 21, 1989, pg. A5. 5463:The Canadian Encyclopedia 5426:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5134:Harper owns an extensive 4833:residential schools abuse 4513:elected to the presidency 4264:in British Columbia, the 3975: 3413:Newfoundland and Labrador 3352:Heads of State Reception. 2859:United Conservative Party 1043:and was first elected in 762: 753:Recorded January 26, 2012 732: 718: 706: 671: 660: 652: 623: 586: 575: 544: 539: 535: 519: 507: 496: 484: 472: 460: 449: 430: 418: 405: 394: 386: 373: 360: 350: 339: 332: 322: 310: 294: 284: 273: 261: 249: 237: 227: 216: 209: 205: 201: 194: 190: 178: 166: 155: 147: 135: 123: 102: 92: 81: 73: 69: 57: 30: 17399:Politicians from Toronto 17394:Politicians from Calgary 17289:Canadian anti-communists 17079:Canada convoy protesters 14439:Progressive Conservative 13638:Prime Minister of Canada 13611:Leader of the Opposition 13584:Leader of the Opposition 13499:Party political offices 13275:Veterans' Bill of Rights 13162:41st Canadian Parliament 13158:40th Canadian parliament 13154:39th Canadian parliament 13125:Leader of the Opposition 13083:Prime Minister of Canada 12788:Hébert, Chantal (2007). 12090:ottawajewishbulletin.com 9294:Canadian Labour Congress 8226:"Governing with consent" 7801:. CTV. February 28, 2008 6753:, March 31, 2002, pg. A8 6550:, June 30, 2001, pg. A06 6498:, December 8, 2000, A18. 6472:, January 26, 2001, A14. 6354:, April 10, 1998, pg. A1 6076:"Who is Stephen Harper?" 6043:, August 2, 1996, pg. A4 5971:, June 22, 1994, pg. A12 5934:World Socialist Web Site 5840:, April 6, 1991, pg. A12 5406:"'Nerds' tops in Canada" 5289: 4775:Alberta Centennial Medal 4754:prime minister of Canada 4236:Stephen Harper visiting 4014:'s release of kidnapped 3721:Canadian Jewish Congress 3390:2010 Senate appointments 2787:People's Party of Canada 2727:The Case for Colonialism 2202:This article is part of 2156:, the Plantagenets, the 1944:Leader of the Opposition 1764:Conservative candidate, 1685:Progressive Conservative 1265:in the area that is now 1229:Early life and education 1195:Anti-terrorism Act, 2015 1150:tax-free savings account 1126:Veterans' Bill of Rights 1022:prime minister of Canada 945:2002 leadership election 935:2004 leadership election 866:F-35 procurement project 822:Prime Minister of Canada 784:This article is part of 602:Progressive Conservative 211:Leader of the Opposition 76:Prime Minister of Canada 15595:MPs who lost their seat 15301:MPs who lost their seat 13464:Constituency abolished 13339:Canada's New Government 13270:Québécois nation motion 12946:Plamondon, Bob (2006). 11793:. Government of Alberta 11578:The Wall Street Journal 10344:. CBC.ca. March 4, 2008 9638:Veterans Affairs Canada 8939:. CBC. October 7, 2016. 8312:Encyclopedia Britannica 7330:Sarro, Douglas (2013). 6996:"2004 General Election" 6723:, March 8, 2002, pg. A4 6485:, February 8, 2001, A9. 6423:, June 26, 2000, pg. A1 6273:, June 8, 2000, pg. A19 6165:Wilson-Smith, Anthony. 6155:, April 6, 1997, pg. A1 6026:, April 8, 1994, pg. A4 6013:, April 4, 1995, pg. A5 5958:, June 10, 1994, pg. A3 5827:, October 26, 1990, A9. 5085:. He published a book, 4798:Telus Convention Centre 4372:Andromache Karakatsanis 4290:Lower Churchill Project 4276:. Environment Minister 4270:coal-fired power plants 4197:reported that Harper's 4091:Harper backed Israel's 3814:President of Argentina 3781:Veterans Affairs Canada 3686:. However, the federal 3572:to recognize that "the 3231:Conservatism portal 3172:Common Sense Revolution 3064:Campaign Life Coalition 2804:Coalition Avenir Québec 2799:British Columbia United 1806:The Wall Street Journal 1774:United Church of Canada 1434:the possibility of the 1327:National Energy Program 1292:University of Toronto's 1122:Québécois nation motion 196:Additional offices held 17384:Musicians from Toronto 17379:Musicians from Calgary 17309:Canadian male pianists 16365:Independent candidates 16181:Newspaper endorsements 16065:Independent candidates 15887:Newspaper endorsements 15779:Independent candidates 15605:Newspaper endorsements 15489:Independent candidates 15306:Newspaper endorsements 14989:Michelle Rempel Garner 13148:28th Canadian Ministry 13127:(2002–2004, 2004–2006) 12909:. Toronto: ECW Press. 12901:Mackey, Lloyd (2005). 12840:Flanagan, Tom (2009). 12783:on September 29, 2011. 12387:The Regina Leader Post 12147:July 28, 2013, at the 11014:"Silencing Scientists" 9664:"New Veterans Charter" 9634:"New Veterans Charter" 9359:Toronto Board of Trade 9299:Canada West Foundation 8922:. CBC. March 18, 2014. 8480:. CBC. January 3, 2010 6804:, May 30, 2002, pg. A8 6060:. Toronto. p. D2. 5987:, March 23, 2002, A17. 5278:Conservatism in Canada 5268:Reform Party of Canada 5242:28th Canadian Ministry 5101:National Hockey League 5032: 5012: 4588:leadership elections. 4539: 4468: 4245: 4157: 4134: 4056:ceremony organized by 4033:In December 2008, the 3991: 3867: 3823: 3618: 3555: 3397:Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu 3353: 2905:Reform Party of Canada 2389:United Empire Loyalist 2213:Conservatism in Canada 2091: 1968:", a provision of the 1966:notwithstanding clause 1683:proposed by Ontario's 1412:1995 Quebec referendum 1352:Reform Party of Canada 1166:contempt of Parliament 1158:First Libyan Civil War 1112:goods and services tax 1041:Reform Party of Canada 739:Stephen Harper's voice 17299:Canadian evangelicals 16391:Marc-Boris St-Maurice 15967:Conservative minority 15685:Conservative minority 15679:Conservative minority 15386:Conservative majority 15380:Conservative minority 15250:Strength in Democracy 15118:Conservative majority 14779:Jean-Pierre Blackburn 13356:Emperor Haute Couture 13317:2015 federal election 13311:2011 federal election 13304:2008 federal election 13297:2006 federal election 13291:2004 federal election 12355:(February 18, 2010). 12167:May 18, 2011, at the 11917:on December 21, 2006. 11913:. CTV. Archived from 10854:. September 22, 2013. 10836:. September 22, 2013. 9792:on February 15, 2012. 8798:on September 29, 2007 8100:on September 29, 2007 6915:"Breakdown by riding" 6397:, June 17, 2000, p. 1 5697:contentdm.ucalgary.ca 5655:on February 14, 2003. 5434:The Vancouver Courier 5060:evangelical Christian 5018: 4998: 4604:confidence-and-supply 4529: 4462: 4235: 4143:US Secretary of State 4140: 4128: 4006:At the outset of the 3989: 3876:Arab–Israeli conflict 3829: 3813: 3658:in the G7 economies. 3631:2008 financial crisis 3612: 3559:Constitutional issues 3534: 3340: 3333:Prorogation in Canada 3284:2008 federal election 3024:The Dorchester Review 2127:Department of Finance 2088:2006 federal election 2077: 2064:2006 federal election 2009:constitutional crisis 1855:2004 federal election 1811:2003 invasion of Iraq 1794:New Brunswick premier 1734:Canadian constitution 1691:-run public school". 1490:economic conservatism 1483:next federal election 1427:socially conservative 1406:Reform MP (1993–1997) 1396:1993 federal election 1370:1988 federal election 1303:University of Calgary 1237:, a neighbourhood of 1215:2015 federal election 1154:military intervention 1130:2008 federal election 1100:2006 federal election 1085:2004 federal election 1053:1997 federal election 1037:University of Calgary 1005:Stephen Joseph Harper 963:Right Here, Right Now 688:University of Calgary 681:University of Toronto 549:Stephen Joseph Harper 17434:Writers from Toronto 17429:Writers from Calgary 17048:Jody Wilson-Raybould 16934:The Canadian Soldier 16427:Progressive Canadian 16141:Progressive Canadian 15847:Progressive Canadian 15255:Jean-François Fortin 14324:Liberal-Conservative 13477:Member of Parliament 13451:Member of Parliament 13419:Member of Parliament 13403:Parliament of Canada 13199:Environmental policy 12998:Wells, Paul (2013). 12865:. Toronto: Lorimer. 12687:Simon & Schuster 12341:on January 16, 2009. 12252:on February 15, 2012 12015:. The Canadian Press 11851:albertacentennial.ca 11764:. The Canadian Press 10774:"On the Right Track" 10753:on September 9, 2017 10688:on November 29, 2016 10530:Parliament of Canada 10130:on November 17, 2010 9829:. September 10, 2007 9692:(January 28, 2015). 9525:on September 9, 2018 9319:Environics Analytics 9304:United Way of Canada 9233:. The Canadian Press 8638:The Georgia Straight 8288:on February 15, 2012 7999:on February 12, 2006 7940:Agence France-Presse 7849:Panetta, Alexander. 7093:(December 3, 2019). 6895:. September 26, 2013 6537:, June 19, 2001, A5. 6086:on January 16, 2009. 6074:(January 14, 2006). 5703:on November 10, 2019 5615:on February 14, 2003 5555:on February 14, 2003 5154:gala and performed " 5152:National Arts Centre 5073:An avid follower of 4972:adding missing items 4947:Doctor of Philosophy 4794:Woodrow Wilson Award 4792:Harper received the 4314:million towards the 4222:Environmental policy 4099:Free trade with EFTA 4016:Israel Defense Force 3903:2008 Summer Olympics 3765:Prince Edward Island 3688:privacy commissioner 3680:Minister of Industry 3615:World Economic Forum 3537:Royal Ontario Museum 3502:Canada Elections Act 3434:Commonwealth history 3363:Prince Edward Island 3134:REAL Women of Canada 2111:Giuliano Zaccardelli 2005:speaker of the House 1931:coalition government 1875:Government of Canada 1552:Canadian Wheat Board 1385:Charlottetown Accord 1317:Political beginnings 1263:justice of the peace 1142:Economic Action Plan 1134:prorogued Parliament 851:Environmental policy 486:Member of Parliament 432:Member of Parliament 33:The Right Honourable 17294:Canadian Christians 14829:Kerry-Lynne Findlay 13697:Chairperson of the 13669:Chairperson of the 13536:John Lynch-Staunton 13130:Born April 30, 1959 12714:. Toronto: Signal. 12662:on October 11, 2013 12636:. Ca.news.yahoo.com 12393:on October 13, 2007 12225:on October 11, 2007 12162:"Wife of the party" 12151:, The Vancouver Sun 11857:on October 10, 2006 11527:. November 21, 2018 11501:. November 19, 2018 11292:. December 13, 2019 10912:2016Natur.533...26E 10668:The Huffington Post 10536:on December 8, 2015 10490:. January 31, 2014. 10272:on January 16, 2009 10245:on February 4, 2008 9428:on October 3, 2010. 9210:on October 18, 2012 9065:. November 27, 2013 8957:. February 24, 2010 8881:. February 7, 2006. 8856:on October 16, 2008 8744:. December 13, 2019 8180:on October 13, 2019 7916:. CBC. May 16, 2008 7695:on October 27, 2020 7495:on October 27, 2020 7357:on October 26, 2020 7213:Winnipeg Free Press 7127:. September 1, 2004 6955:on October 26, 2020 6751:Winnipeg Free Press 6588:. December 7, 2001. 5512:on October 28, 2008 5166:"some time 2007". 5079:Toronto Maple Leafs 4942:Tel Aviv University 4378:Michael J. Moldaver 4156:, January 25, 2010. 4078:UN Security Council 4062:2008 Mumbai attacks 3605:Economic management 3554:'s lost expedition. 3464:Official Opposition 3381:A poll released by 3109:Mackenzie Institute 3058:Other organizations 3005:The Post Millennial 2957:Upper Canada Tories 2687:Lament for a Nation 2394:Upper Canada Tories 2309:Economic liberalism 2259:Social conservatism 2247:Right-wing populism 2242:Clerico-nationalism 2104:Judy Wasylycia-Leis 1742:corporal punishment 1650:Canada Pension Plan 1534:Calgary Declaration 1521:'s purchase of the 1511:Quebec nationalists 1507:Benign Dictatorship 1323:Young Liberals club 1174:majority government 1160:. In March 2011, a 1104:minority government 1032:from 2004 to 2015. 840:Policies and events 367:John Lynch-Staunton 17114:History portal 16403:(Sandra L. Smith, 16310:Christian Heritage 16117:(Sandra L. Smith, 16091:Jean-Serge Brisson 16010:Christian Heritage 15724:Christian Heritage 15590:MPs who stood down 15429:Christian Heritage 15311:Other endorsements 15296:MPs who stood down 15157:Christian Heritage 13569:Political offices 13548:Conservative Party 12517:on October 6, 2009 12479:The Globe and Mail 12452:The Globe and Mail 12310:on October 1, 2008 12277:The Globe and Mail 11890:on October 1, 2011 11553:. January 28, 2019 11346:The Canadian Press 11263:. January 23, 2017 11086:. January 12, 2014 11018:The New York Times 10834:The Globe and Mail 10670:. August 19, 2011. 10618:on October 7, 2015 10586:The Globe and Mail 10434:Environment Canada 10097:. October 12, 2010 10091:The Canadian Press 9965:The Globe and Mail 9855:. January 20, 2014 9765:The Globe and Mail 9690:The Canadian Press 9670:on August 17, 2016 9614:on January 5, 2016 9608:The Globe and Mail 9466:The Globe and Mail 9422:The Globe and Mail 9063:The Globe and Mail 8850:The Globe and Mail 8718:. October 22, 2015 8666:. October 19, 2015 8452:The Globe and Mail 8205:The Globe and Mail 8199:Blatchford, Andy. 7876:Leblanc, Dominic. 7746:The Globe and Mail 7570:on January 8, 2009 7460:The New York Times 7311:. January 19, 2005 7309:The Globe and Mail 6668:The Globe and Mail 6653:The Globe and Mail 6638:The Globe and Mail 6586:The Canadian Press 6382:Hamilton Spectator 6335:Hamilton Spectator 6121:, January 14, 1997 6080:The Globe and Mail 6058:The Globe and Mail 5969:Hamilton Spectator 5956:Hamilton Spectator 5916:Hamilton Spectator 5890:The Globe and Mail 5482:. February 1, 2013 5244:The Harper cabinet 5093:The Sports Network 5033: 5013: 4970:; you can help by 4809:also named him as 4540: 4485:The New York Times 4469: 4360:Marshall Rothstein 4246: 4158: 4135: 4086:two-state solution 3992: 3868: 3824: 3717:Toronto government 3676:Canada 2011 Census 3619: 3566:Quebec sovereignty 3556: 3470:as Canada's first 3409:Elizabeth Marshall 3354: 3197:Alberta separatism 3187:Western alienation 3154:Voice of Canadians 2876:Historical parties 2854:Saskatchewan Party 2500:Bennett (W. A. C.) 2314:Limited government 2189:In and Out scandal 2182:Michael D. Behiels 2180:". An analysis by 2092: 1785:Atlantic Provinces 1693:Education Minister 1606:United Alternative 1170:a federal election 1162:no-confidence vote 1108:In and Out scandal 871:In and Out scandal 425:Position abolished 17140: 17139: 17134: 17133: 17126:Canada portal 17059:COVID-19 pandemic 16664:Lester B. Pearson 16634:Lester B. Pearson 16584:Lester B. Pearson 16564:Lester B. Pearson 16554:Louis St. Laurent 16534:Barbara Ann Scott 16479: 16478: 16219: 16218: 16176:Results by riding 15915: 15914: 15882:Results by riding 15633: 15632: 15585:Results by riding 15499:Michael Ignatieff 15334: 15333: 15291:Results by riding 15072: 15071: 14964:Christian Paradis 14676: 14675: 14568:Canadian Alliance 14278: 14277: 13930: 13929: 13715: 13714: 13706:Succeeded by 13678:Succeeded by 13663:Silvio Berlusconi 13655:Diplomatic posts 13645:Succeeded by 13618:Succeeded by 13591:Succeeded by 13555:Succeeded by 13519:Canadian Alliance 13489:Succeeded by 13456:Calgary Southwest 13431:Succeeded by 13383: 13382: 13109:Calgary Southwest 13013:978-0-307-36132-5 12961:978-1-55263-855-2 12938:978-0-670-06517-2 12931:. Viking Canada. 12872:978-1-4594-0663-6 12853:978-0-7735-3298-4 12803:978-0-676-97907-7 12721:978-0-7710-3862-4 12696:978-1-4767-1653-4 12454:. Phillip Crawley 12361:The National Post 12177:, August 13, 2007 12096:on June 12, 2018. 12034:Zimonjic, Peter. 11736:CityNews Edmonton 10870:The National Post 10780:on July 15, 2016. 10714:. March 31, 2011. 9996:on August 7, 2006 9971:on July 18, 2006. 9460:Thorne, Stephen. 9039:on March 22, 2015 8897:The Daily Courier 8232:. August 28, 2009 8173:978-2-7637-4443-8 8069:on March 29, 2010 7894:on March 24, 2009 7857:on March 17, 2008 7685:"My Name is Jack" 7543:on April 25, 2011 7293:. March 14, 2012. 7188:on March 28, 2011 7164:on April 1, 2011. 6921:on March 24, 2004 6563:, August 13, 2001 6290:, August 25, 1999 5870:. August 28, 2018 5849:William Johnson, 5530:William Johnson, 5448:William Johnson, 5403:O'Connor, Naoibh, 5347:William Johnson, 5273:Canadian Alliance 5128:Murdoch Mysteries 4988: 4987: 4953: 4952: 4837:Lester B. Pearson 4790: 4789: 4563:COVID-19 pandemic 4544:virtual gathering 4467:in India in 2018. 4421:and Jeremy Hunt. 4150:earthquake relief 4070:Gavriel Holtzberg 3957:had been deployed 3937:Michael Ignatieff 3848:François Hollande 3816:Cristina Kirchner 3684:Statistics Canada 3656:debt-to-GDP ratio 3267: 3266: 3219:Canada portal 2885:Canadian Alliance 2737:12 Rules for Life 2565:Manning (Preston) 2108:RCMP commissioner 1996:confidence motion 1987:Gomery Commission 1958:leadership review 1927:Adrienne Clarkson 1891:child pornography 1563:Canadian identity 1496:Out of parliament 1448:same-sex marriage 1287:Reach for the Top 1190:long-gun registry 1184:in opposition to 1148:, introduced the 1069:Canadian Alliance 1067:as leader of the 1002: 1001: 801: 800: 766: 765: 748: 667:, Alberta, Canada 531: 530: 442:Calgary Southwest 389:Canadian Alliance 174:February 21, 2018 103:Governors General 17441: 17239: 17231: 17230: 17229: 17222: 17214: 17213: 17212: 17205: 17197: 17196: 17195: 17188: 17180: 17179: 17178: 17171: 17163: 17162: 17161: 17151: 17124: 17123: 17122: 17112: 17111: 17110: 17089:Pierre Poilievre 17038:Humboldt Broncos 16964:Russell Williams 16824:Jacques Parizeau 16654:John Diefenbaker 16594:John Diefenbaker 16506: 16499: 16492: 16483: 16482: 16450: 16447:House of Commons 16401:Marxist–Leninist 16271:Liberal minority 16265:Liberal majority 16246: 16239: 16232: 16223: 16222: 16160: 16157:House of Commons 16143:(Tracy Parsons, 16115:Marxist–Leninist 15961:Liberal minority 15942: 15935: 15928: 15919: 15918: 15866: 15863:House of Commons 15851:Sinclair Stevens 15825:Marxist–Leninist 15660: 15653: 15646: 15637: 15636: 15569: 15566:House of Commons 15522:(Anna Di Carlo, 15520:Marxist–Leninist 15361: 15354: 15347: 15338: 15337: 15286:Results overview 15275: 15272:House of Commons 15124:Liberal majority 15099: 15092: 15085: 15076: 15075: 15044:Bernard Valcourt 14974:Pierre Poilievre 14904:Marjory LeBreton 14703: 14696: 14689: 14680: 14679: 14669: 14662: 14654: 14647: 14640: 14632: 14625: 14603: 14596: 14588: 14581: 14559: 14538: 14531: 14524: 14516: 14509: 14502: 14495: 14487: 14480: 14473: 14466: 14458: 14451: 14430: 14423: 14415: 14408: 14401: 14393: 14386: 14379: 14372: 14365: 14358: 14351: 14305: 14298: 14291: 14282: 14281: 13957: 13950: 13943: 13934: 13933: 13920: 13919: 13910: 13909: 13741: 13734: 13727: 13718: 13717: 13688:Preceded by 13660:Preceded by 13628:Preceded by 13601:Preceded by 13574:Preceded by 13563: 13541: 13533:Preceded by 13527:Party dissolved 13512: 13504:Preceded by 13482:Calgary Heritage 13471:New constituency 13441:Preceded by 13409:Preceded by 13399: 13398: 13387: 13386: 13099:Calgary Heritage 13062: 13055: 13048: 13039: 13038: 13017: 13005: 12994: 12965: 12953: 12942: 12925:Martin, Lawrence 12920: 12916:978-155022-713-0 12908: 12897: 12876: 12857: 12836: 12807: 12795: 12784: 12782: 12776:. Archived from 12751: 12726: 12725: 12710:— (2018). 12707: 12701: 12700: 12681:— (2013). 12678: 12672: 12671: 12669: 12667: 12658:. Archived from 12656:"Fostering pets" 12652: 12646: 12645: 12643: 12641: 12629: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12618: 12607: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12581: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12570: 12555: 12549: 12548: 12546: 12544: 12533: 12527: 12526: 12524: 12522: 12513:. Archived from 12502: 12496: 12494: 12492: 12490: 12485:on June 26, 2006 12481:. Archived from 12470: 12464: 12463: 12461: 12459: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12427:on June 29, 2011 12417:CityNews Toronto 12409: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12398: 12389:. Archived from 12378: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12367: 12349: 12343: 12342: 12337:. Archived from 12326: 12320: 12319: 12317: 12315: 12295: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12284: 12268: 12262: 12261: 12259: 12257: 12241: 12235: 12234: 12232: 12230: 12221:. 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March 13, 2021 11603: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11569: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11558: 11543: 11537: 11536: 11534: 11532: 11517: 11511: 11510: 11508: 11506: 11491: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11440: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11429: 11415: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11404: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11379: 11364: 11358: 11357: 11355: 11353: 11329: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11308: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11297: 11282: 11273: 11272: 11270: 11268: 11253: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11227: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11216: 11201: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11177: 11171: 11170: 11168: 11166: 11151: 11142: 11141: 11130: 11121: 11120: 11118: 11116: 11102: 11096: 11095: 11093: 11091: 11076: 11067: 11066: 11064: 11062: 11048: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11009: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10990:. March 15, 2013 10980: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10954:Leung, Marlene. 10951: 10942: 10941: 10923: 10891: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10877: 10862: 10856: 10855: 10852:The Toronto Star 10844: 10838: 10837: 10826: 10820: 10819: 10817: 10815: 10810:on July 17, 2016 10809: 10803:. Archived from 10796: 10788: 10782: 10781: 10769: 10763: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10743: 10737: 10736: 10734: 10732: 10722: 10716: 10715: 10712:The Toronto Star 10704: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10678: 10672: 10671: 10660: 10654: 10653: 10651: 10649: 10634: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10614:. Archived from 10603: 10597: 10596: 10594: 10592: 10577: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10563: 10552: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10541: 10532:. Archived from 10521: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10510: 10498: 10492: 10491: 10480: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10452: 10446: 10445: 10443: 10441: 10426: 10420: 10419: 10417: 10415: 10400: 10394: 10393: 10386: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10375: 10367: 10360: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10338: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10311: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10288: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10261: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10241:. Archived from 10230: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10200: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10174: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10116: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10083: 10077: 10073: 10067: 10061: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10032:on June 28, 2011 10012: 10006: 10005: 10003: 10001: 9992:. Archived from 9979: 9973: 9972: 9957: 9951: 9944: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9918: 9912: 9911: 9897: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9871: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9845: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9819: 9813: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9725: 9717: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9686: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9675: 9660: 9654: 9653: 9651: 9649: 9630: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9600: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9574: 9568: 9567: 9559: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9541: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9521:. Archived from 9519:Montreal Gazette 9511: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9483: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9472: 9457: 9451: 9450: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9424:. Archived from 9413: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9369: 9363: 9249: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9226: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9206:. Archived from 9195: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9179:. March 27, 2011 9169: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9143: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9114: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9081: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9055: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9035:. Archived from 9025: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9014: 8999: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8933: 8924: 8923: 8916: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8888: 8882: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8852:. Archived from 8841: 8832: 8831: 8817: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8794:. Archived from 8783: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8760: 8754: 8753: 8751: 8749: 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8682: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8656: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8630: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8570: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8535:. Archived from 8524: 8518: 8512: 8506: 8505:, March 25, 2011 8496: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8474: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8458:on April 1, 2016 8454:. Archived from 8443: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8395: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8257: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8222: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8176:. Archived from 8157: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8129: 8123: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8096:. Archived from 8085: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7995:. Archived from 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7932: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7910: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7893: 7887:. Archived from 7885:The Toronto Star 7882: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7830:. March 13, 2008 7820: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7795: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7752:on March 2, 2008 7748:. Archived from 7737: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7711: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7691:. Archived from 7680: 7674: 7673: 7667: 7659: 7615: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7491:. Archived from 7480: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7353:. Archived from 7342: 7336: 7335: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7233: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7187: 7181:. Archived from 7180: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7157:Montreal Gazette 7148: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7091:Barton, Rosemary 7087: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6951:. Archived from 6940: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6860: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6811: 6805: 6794: 6788: 6777: 6771: 6760: 6754: 6747: 6741: 6730: 6724: 6717: 6711: 6704: 6698: 6691: 6685: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6557: 6551: 6544: 6538: 6531: 6525: 6518: 6512: 6505: 6499: 6492: 6486: 6479: 6473: 6456: 6450: 6443: 6437: 6430: 6424: 6417: 6411: 6404: 6398: 6391: 6385: 6378: 6372: 6361: 6355: 6348: 6342: 6331: 6325: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6297: 6291: 6280: 6274: 6263: 6257: 6250: 6244: 6237: 6231: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6204:. Archived from 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6173:. Archived from 6162: 6156: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6128: 6122: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6050: 6044: 6033: 6027: 6020: 6014: 6007: 6001: 5994: 5988: 5981:Edward Greenspon 5978: 5972: 5965: 5959: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5925: 5919: 5912: 5906: 5899: 5893: 5886: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5860: 5854: 5847: 5841: 5834: 5828: 5819: 5813: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5762: 5756: 5755: 5719: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5699:. Archived from 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5651:. Archived from 5643:"Stephen Harper" 5638: 5629: 5628: 5622: 5620: 5611:. Archived from 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5562: 5560: 5551:. Archived from 5545:"Stephen Harper" 5541: 5535: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5508:. Archived from 5506:Canadian Content 5502:"Stephen Harper" 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5472: 5466: 5459: 5453: 5446: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5401: 5395: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5367:Globe & Mail 5361:MacGregor, Roy. 5358: 5352: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5319: 5303: 5300: 5235: 5230: 5229: 5221: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5173:Electoral record 5116:cameo appearance 5023:celebrations on 4983: 4980: 4962: 4961: 4955: 4937:January 22, 2014 4932: 4930: 4929: 4908: 4907: 4904:Honorary degrees 4899:Honorary degrees 4859:Order of Liberty 4851:Petro Poroshenko 4771: 4741: 4715: 4694: 4673: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4635: 4630: 4574:Pierre Poilievre 4559:deficit spending 4284:Renewable energy 4093:2014 war in Gaza 4058:Chabad-Lubavitch 4044: 3749:Fraser Institute 3479:Robocall scandal 3430:general election 3417:Rose-May Poirier 3343:Governor General 3323:2010 prorogation 3259: 3252: 3245: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3144:Three Percenters 3099:Fraser Institute 3038:Western Standard 3018:Sun News Network 2752: 2742: 2732: 2722: 2712: 2702: 2692: 2682: 2560:Manning (Ernest) 2224: 2214: 2199: 2198: 2178:John Diefenbaker 1923:governor general 1849:Belinda Stronach 1208:Robocall scandal 1182:Operation Impact 1019: 994: 987: 980: 810:Electoral record 797: 796: 794: 787: 779: 772: 771: 768: 767: 750: 749: 728: 725: 714: 646: 644: 640: 562: 558: 556: 540:Personal details 522: 510: 501: 475: 463: 454: 445: 437:Calgary Heritage 421: 408: 399: 376: 363: 344: 325: 313: 297: 278: 264: 252: 240: 221: 192: 191: 181: 171: 148:Chairman of the 138: 126: 86: 62: 52: 28: 27: 17449: 17448: 17444: 17443: 17442: 17440: 17439: 17438: 17244: 17243: 17242: 17232: 17227: 17225: 17221:from Wikisource 17215: 17210: 17208: 17198: 17193: 17191: 17181: 17176: 17174: 17164: 17159: 17157: 17154: 17150:sister projects 17147:at Knowledge's 17141: 17136: 17135: 17130: 17120: 17118: 17108: 17106: 17098: 17004:Patrice Vincent 16854:Sheldon Kennedy 16834:Lucien Bouchard 16515: 16510: 16480: 16475: 16466:Opinion polling 16452: 16441: 16431:Ernie Schreiber 16324:Miguel Figueroa 16296:Canadian Action 16275: 16255: 16250: 16220: 16215: 16186:Opinion polling 16162: 16151: 16024:Miguel Figueroa 15996:Canadian Action 15971: 15951: 15946: 15916: 15911: 15892:Opinion polling 15868: 15857: 15827:(Anna Di Carlo) 15803:(Dennis Young, 15738:Miguel Figueroa 15714:Canadian Action 15689: 15669: 15664: 15634: 15629: 15614:by constituency 15610:Opinion polling 15571: 15560: 15512:(Dennis Young, 15447:Miguel Figueroa 15399:Animal Alliance 15390: 15370: 15365: 15335: 15330: 15320:by constituency 15316:Opinion polling 15277: 15266: 15128: 15108: 15103: 15073: 15068: 14944:Gordon O'Connor 14849:Michael Fortier 14844:Steven Fletcher 14789:Lawrence Cannon 14749:Chris Alexander 14735: 14724: 14707: 14677: 14672: 14665: 14657: 14650: 14643: 14635: 14628: 14620: 14606: 14599: 14591: 14584: 14576: 14562: 14555: 14541: 14534: 14527: 14519: 14512: 14505: 14498: 14490: 14483: 14476: 14469: 14461: 14454: 14447: 14433: 14426: 14418: 14411: 14404: 14396: 14389: 14382: 14375: 14368: 14361: 14354: 14347: 14333: 14318: 14309: 14279: 14274: 13966: 13961: 13931: 13926: 13898: 13750: 13745: 13711: 13702: 13693: 13683: 13681:Nicolas Sarkozy 13674: 13665: 13650: 13641: 13633: 13623: 13614: 13606: 13596: 13587: 13579: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13551: 13542: 13539: 13538: 13522: 13513: 13510: 13509: 13494: 13485: 13479: 13459: 13453: 13446: 13444:Preston Manning 13436: 13427: 13421: 13414: 13392: 13384: 13379: 13362: 13359:(2011 painting) 13345:Afghanistan War 13321: 13279: 13203: 13194:Economic policy 13189:Domestic policy 13172: 13133: 13071: 13066: 13025: 13020: 13014: 12962: 12939: 12917: 12894: 12873: 12854: 12804: 12780: 12749: 12740: 12734: 12732:Further reading 12729: 12722: 12708: 12704: 12697: 12679: 12675: 12665: 12663: 12654: 12653: 12649: 12639: 12637: 12630: 12626: 12616: 12614: 12609: 12608: 12604: 12594: 12592: 12582: 12578: 12568: 12566: 12556: 12552: 12542: 12540: 12535: 12534: 12530: 12520: 12518: 12503: 12499: 12488: 12486: 12471: 12467: 12457: 12455: 12444: 12440: 12430: 12428: 12411: 12410: 12406: 12396: 12394: 12379: 12375: 12365: 12363: 12350: 12346: 12327: 12323: 12313: 12311: 12296: 12292: 12282: 12280: 12269: 12265: 12255: 12253: 12242: 12238: 12228: 12226: 12211: 12207: 12197: 12195: 12185: 12181: 12169:Wayback Machine 12159: 12155: 12149:Wayback Machine 12140: 12136: 12126: 12124: 12115: 12112:Wayback Machine 12105: 12101: 12084: 12083: 12079: 12069: 12067: 12059: 12058: 12054: 12044: 12042: 12032: 12028: 12018: 12016: 12011: 12010: 12006: 11996: 11994: 11989: 11988: 11984: 11972: 11968: 11956: 11952: 11942: 11940: 11931: 11926: 11922: 11907: 11903: 11893: 11891: 11874: 11870: 11860: 11858: 11845: 11844: 11840: 11828: 11827: 11823: 11811: 11810: 11806: 11796: 11794: 11785: 11784: 11777: 11767: 11765: 11756: 11755: 11751: 11741: 11739: 11730: 11729: 11725: 11710: 11706: 11696: 11694: 11682: 11678: 11668: 11666: 11656: 11652: 11642: 11640: 11630: 11626: 11616: 11614: 11605: 11604: 11600: 11590: 11588: 11570: 11566: 11556: 11554: 11545: 11544: 11540: 11530: 11528: 11519: 11518: 11514: 11504: 11502: 11493: 11492: 11488: 11478: 11476: 11468: 11467: 11463: 11453: 11451: 11448:HuffPost Canada 11442: 11441: 11437: 11427: 11425: 11417: 11416: 11412: 11402: 11400: 11392: 11391: 11387: 11377: 11375: 11365: 11361: 11351: 11349: 11330: 11326: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11309: 11305: 11295: 11293: 11284: 11283: 11276: 11266: 11264: 11255: 11254: 11250: 11240: 11238: 11228: 11224: 11214: 11212: 11203: 11202: 11195: 11185: 11183: 11179: 11178: 11174: 11164: 11162: 11152: 11145: 11132: 11131: 11124: 11114: 11112: 11104: 11103: 11099: 11089: 11087: 11078: 11077: 11070: 11060: 11058: 11050: 11049: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11010: 11003: 10993: 10991: 10982: 10981: 10974: 10964: 10962: 10952: 10945: 10921:10.1038/533026a 10906:(7601): 26–28. 10892: 10885: 10875: 10873: 10872:. June 18, 2015 10864: 10863: 10859: 10846: 10845: 10841: 10828: 10827: 10823: 10813: 10811: 10807: 10794: 10790: 10789: 10785: 10770: 10766: 10756: 10754: 10745: 10744: 10740: 10730: 10728: 10724: 10723: 10719: 10706: 10705: 10701: 10691: 10689: 10680: 10679: 10675: 10662: 10661: 10657: 10647: 10645: 10635: 10631: 10621: 10619: 10604: 10600: 10590: 10588: 10578: 10571: 10561: 10559: 10554: 10553: 10549: 10539: 10537: 10522: 10518: 10508: 10506: 10499: 10495: 10482: 10481: 10477: 10467: 10465: 10453: 10449: 10439: 10437: 10436:. April 4, 2010 10428: 10427: 10423: 10413: 10411: 10401: 10397: 10388: 10387: 10383: 10373: 10371: 10365: 10362: 10361: 10357: 10347: 10345: 10340: 10339: 10335: 10325: 10323: 10322:on July 9, 2008 10312: 10308: 10298: 10296: 10289: 10285: 10275: 10273: 10262: 10258: 10248: 10246: 10231: 10227: 10217: 10215: 10214:on May 20, 2011 10202: 10201: 10197: 10187: 10185: 10184:. July 13, 2014 10176: 10175: 10171: 10161: 10159: 10147: 10143: 10133: 10131: 10118: 10117: 10110: 10100: 10098: 10085: 10084: 10080: 10071: 10068: 10064: 10058:Wayback Machine 10049: 10045: 10035: 10033: 10014: 10013: 10009: 9999: 9997: 9980: 9976: 9959: 9958: 9954: 9945: 9941: 9931: 9929: 9920: 9919: 9915: 9898: 9891: 9881: 9879: 9872: 9868: 9858: 9856: 9847: 9846: 9842: 9832: 9830: 9821: 9820: 9816: 9801: 9797: 9784: 9783: 9779: 9769: 9767: 9757: 9753: 9744: 9743: 9739: 9729: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9718: 9714: 9704: 9702: 9687: 9683: 9673: 9671: 9662: 9661: 9657: 9647: 9645: 9632: 9631: 9627: 9617: 9615: 9602: 9601: 9597: 9587: 9585: 9575: 9571: 9560: 9556: 9548: 9542: 9538: 9528: 9526: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9498: 9496: 9484: 9480: 9470: 9468: 9458: 9454: 9437: 9433: 9416:Perreaux, Les. 9414: 9410: 9400: 9398: 9397:. July 16, 2010 9389: 9388: 9384: 9371: 9370: 9366: 9250: 9246: 9236: 9234: 9227: 9223: 9213: 9211: 9196: 9192: 9182: 9180: 9171: 9170: 9166: 9156: 9154: 9144: 9137: 9127: 9125: 9115: 9108: 9098: 9096: 9095:on May 11, 2015 9083: 9082: 9078: 9068: 9066: 9057: 9056: 9052: 9042: 9040: 9027: 9026: 9022: 9012: 9010: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8986: 8984: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8960: 8958: 8949: 8948: 8944: 8935: 8934: 8927: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8903: 8901: 8890: 8889: 8885: 8873: 8869: 8859: 8857: 8842: 8835: 8818: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8784: 8780: 8770: 8768: 8761: 8757: 8747: 8745: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8710: 8709: 8705: 8695: 8693: 8683: 8679: 8669: 8667: 8658: 8657: 8653: 8643: 8641: 8632: 8631: 8627: 8617: 8615: 8605: 8601: 8591: 8589: 8582: 8578: 8568: 8566: 8557: 8556: 8552: 8542: 8540: 8539:on June 2, 2021 8525: 8521: 8513: 8509: 8497: 8493: 8483: 8481: 8476: 8475: 8471: 8461: 8459: 8444: 8440: 8430: 8428: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8408: 8406: 8396: 8392: 8382: 8380: 8375: 8374: 8370: 8360: 8358: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8338: 8336: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8306: 8305: 8301: 8291: 8289: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8261: 8259: 8255: 8249: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8209: 8207: 8197: 8193: 8183: 8181: 8174: 8158: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8130: 8126: 8117: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8086: 8082: 8072: 8070: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8046: 8044: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8024: 8022: 8017: 8016: 8012: 8002: 8000: 7985: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7964: 7963: 7959: 7949: 7947: 7946:on May 20, 2011 7934: 7933: 7929: 7919: 7917: 7912: 7911: 7907: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7880: 7874: 7870: 7860: 7858: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7822: 7821: 7814: 7804: 7802: 7797: 7796: 7787: 7777: 7775: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7755: 7753: 7738: 7734: 7724: 7722: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7698: 7696: 7681: 7677: 7661: 7660: 7616: 7609: 7599: 7597: 7588: 7587: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7560: 7556: 7546: 7544: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7513: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7485:"Damaged Goods" 7481: 7474: 7464: 7462: 7452: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7426: 7422: 7412: 7410: 7401: 7400: 7396: 7386: 7384: 7374: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7343: 7339: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7303: 7302: 7298: 7289: 7288: 7284: 7274: 7272: 7262: 7258: 7248: 7246: 7234: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7205: 7201: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7178: 7174: 7173: 7169: 7150: 7149: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7119: 7118: 7114: 7104: 7102: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7072: 7062: 7058: 7048: 7046: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7011: 7010: 7006: 7001:. January 2005. 6998: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6941: 6934: 6924: 6922: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6872: 6870: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6847: 6845: 6844:on June 2, 2008 6834: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6795: 6791: 6778: 6774: 6761: 6757: 6748: 6744: 6731: 6727: 6718: 6714: 6705: 6701: 6692: 6688: 6679: 6675: 6664: 6660: 6649: 6645: 6634: 6630: 6623: 6619: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6593: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6561:Canada NewsWire 6558: 6554: 6545: 6541: 6532: 6528: 6519: 6515: 6509:Canada NewsWire 6506: 6502: 6493: 6489: 6480: 6476: 6466:Wayback Machine 6457: 6453: 6444: 6440: 6431: 6427: 6418: 6414: 6405: 6401: 6392: 6388: 6379: 6375: 6362: 6358: 6349: 6345: 6332: 6328: 6323: 6319: 6311: 6307: 6298: 6294: 6288:Canada NewsWire 6284:Canada NewsWire 6281: 6277: 6264: 6260: 6251: 6247: 6238: 6234: 6225: 6221: 6211: 6209: 6208:on May 29, 1998 6194: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6177:on June 2, 2021 6163: 6159: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6119:Canada NewsWire 6116: 6112: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6069: 6065: 6051: 6047: 6034: 6030: 6021: 6017: 6008: 6004: 5995: 5991: 5979: 5975: 5966: 5962: 5953: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5926: 5922: 5913: 5909: 5900: 5896: 5887: 5883: 5873: 5871: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5848: 5844: 5835: 5831: 5820: 5816: 5807: 5803: 5793: 5791: 5784: 5780: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5720: 5716: 5706: 5704: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5664: 5660: 5639: 5632: 5618: 5616: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5558: 5556: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5513: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5460: 5456: 5447: 5440: 5419: 5418: 5411: 5409: 5404: 5402: 5398: 5385: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5359: 5355: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5233:Politics portal 5231: 5224: 5217: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5186: 5181: 5175: 5160:24 Sussex Drive 5035:Harper married 5025:Parliament Hill 4993: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4959: 4927: 4925: 4901: 4846:In August 2016 4653: 4636: 4623: 4548:Second Cold War 4431: 4411: 4366:Thomas Cromwell 4353: 4332: 4311: 4286: 4258:Great Recession 4255: 4251: 4230: 4224: 4177:Austan Goolsbee 4146:Hillary Clinton 4123: 4117: 4101: 4054:Parliament Hill 4042: 3984: 3978: 3959:as part of the 3949: 3909:; in response, 3832:2015 G-7 summit 3808: 3802: 3777: 3672: 3607: 3582:Michael Fortier 3561: 3529: 3523: 3497: 3491: 3452: 3446: 3425: 3392: 3335: 3325: 3312: 3306: 3292: 3286: 3273: 3263: 3225: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3204: 3203: 3167: 3159: 3158: 3059: 3051: 3050: 2975: 2967: 2966: 2952:Union Nationale 2877: 2869: 2868: 2764: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2740: 2730: 2720: 2710: 2707:Maps of Meaning 2700: 2690: 2680: 2671: 2663: 2662: 2608: 2600: 2599: 2495:Bennett (R. B.) 2485: 2477: 2476: 2407: 2399: 2398: 2384:Unite the Right 2379:National Policy 2362: 2354: 2353: 2334:Property rights 2299:Canadian values 2294: 2286: 2285: 2232: 2212: 2197: 2142:queen of Canada 2119:insider trading 2072: 2066: 2001:cross the floor 1946: 1907: 1887:Dalton McGuinty 1863: 1857: 1844: 1838: 1818:right-of-centre 1717: 1635:economic growth 1627:religious right 1625:a party of the 1614: 1503: 1498: 1408: 1342:Preston Manning 1319: 1295:Trinity College 1249:, a village in 1231: 1188:, repealed the 1146:Great Recession 1063:, he succeeded 1007: 998: 969: 968: 950: 949: 937: 933: 929: 928: 890: 846:Domestic policy 838: 837: 820: 819: 792: 790: 789: 788: 785: 783: 758: 757: 756: 755: 754: 751: 744: 741: 722: 702: 690: 683: 648: 636: 632: 619: 588: 587:Other political 576:Political party 563: 560: 554: 552: 551: 550: 520: 508: 502: 497: 488: 473: 467:Preston Manning 461: 455: 450: 440: 439: 434: 419: 406: 400: 395: 374: 361: 345: 340: 323: 311: 303: 295: 279: 274: 262: 250: 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16919: 16911: 16910: 16909: 16901: 16900: 16899: 16891: 16890: 16889: 16884:Pierre Trudeau 16881: 16880: 16879: 16874:Pierre Trudeau 16871: 16870: 16869: 16861: 16860: 16859: 16851: 16850: 16849: 16844:Donovan Bailey 16841: 16840: 16839: 16831: 16830: 16829: 16821: 16820: 16819: 16811: 16810: 16809: 16801: 16800: 16799: 16794:Brian Mulroney 16791: 16790: 16789: 16781: 16780: 16779: 16774:Michael Wilson 16771: 16770: 16769: 16761: 16760: 16759: 16751: 16750: 16749: 16741: 16740: 16739: 16734:Brian Mulroney 16731: 16730: 16729: 16721: 16720: 16719: 16711: 16710: 16709: 16701: 16700: 16699: 16694:Pierre Trudeau 16691: 16690: 16689: 16681: 16680: 16679: 16674:Pierre Trudeau 16671: 16670: 16669: 16661: 16660: 16659: 16651: 16650: 16649: 16641: 16640: 16639: 16631: 16630: 16629: 16621: 16620: 16619: 16611: 16610: 16609: 16604:Joey Smallwood 16601: 16600: 16599: 16591: 16590: 16589: 16581: 16580: 16579: 16571: 16570: 16569: 16561: 16560: 16559: 16551: 16550: 16549: 16541: 16540: 16539: 16531: 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13211: 13209: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13184:Foreign policy 13180: 13178: 13174: 13173: 13171: 13170: 13164: 13150: 13143: 13141: 13135: 13134: 13132: 13131: 13128: 13122: 13112: 13102: 13092: 13086: 13076: 13073: 13072: 13069:Stephen Harper 13065: 13064: 13057: 13050: 13042: 13036: 13035: 13029:Stephen Harper 13024: 13023:External links 13021: 13019: 13018: 13012: 12995: 12977:(3): 424–450. 12966: 12960: 12943: 12937: 12921: 12915: 12898: 12892: 12877: 12871: 12858: 12852: 12837: 12808: 12802: 12785: 12760:(1): 118–145. 12741: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12727: 12720: 12702: 12695: 12673: 12647: 12624: 12602: 12576: 12550: 12528: 12511:Ottawa Citizen 12497: 12465: 12438: 12404: 12373: 12344: 12335:Globe and Mail 12321: 12290: 12263: 12236: 12205: 12179: 12153: 12134: 12099: 12077: 12052: 12026: 12004: 11982: 11966: 11950: 11920: 11901: 11868: 11838: 11821: 11804: 11775: 11749: 11723: 11704: 11676: 11650: 11624: 11598: 11564: 11538: 11512: 11486: 11461: 11435: 11410: 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A18. 6602: 6591: 6576: 6565: 6552: 6539: 6535:Globe and Mail 6526: 6513: 6500: 6487: 6483:Globe and Mail 6474: 6451: 6438: 6425: 6421:Globe and Mail 6412: 6408:Globe and Mail 6399: 6386: 6373: 6369:Globe and Mail 6356: 6352:Globe and Mail 6343: 6326: 6317: 6305: 6292: 6275: 6267:Globe and Mail 6258: 6245: 6241:Globe and Mail 6232: 6228:Globe and Mail 6219: 6188: 6157: 6144: 6123: 6110: 6089: 6072:Ibbitson, John 6063: 6054:Whyte, Kenneth 6045: 6041:Globe and Mail 6037:Globe and Mail 6028: 6024:Globe and Mail 6015: 6011:Globe and Mail 6002: 5998:Stephen Harper 5989: 5985:Globe and Mail 5973: 5960: 5947: 5920: 5907: 5903:Financial Post 5894: 5881: 5855: 5842: 5829: 5814: 5810:Calgary Herald 5801: 5778: 5757: 5714: 5684: 5658: 5630: 5596: 5570: 5536: 5523: 5493: 5467: 5454: 5438: 5396: 5379: 5353: 5340: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5238: 5237: 5236: 5222: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5201: 5194: 5185: 5182: 5177:Main article: 5174: 5171: 5150:on stage in a 5083:Calgary Flames 5037:Laureen Teskey 4992: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4965: 4963: 4951: 4950: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4922: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4897: 4886:David Johnston 4788: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4748: 4742: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4722: 4716: 4708: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4611:Danielle Smith 4446:sexual assault 4430: 4427: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4390:Clément Gascon 4387: 4384:Richard Wagner 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4352: 4349: 4331: 4328: 4310: 4309:Public transit 4307: 4285: 4282: 4274:Kyoto Protocol 4253: 4249: 4226:Main article: 4223: 4220: 4199:chief of staff 4116: 4113: 4100: 4097: 3977: 3974: 3948: 3945: 3924:its Parliament 3911:Dimitri Soudas 3882:, and Africa. 3878:, free trade, 3830:Harper at the 3818:and Harper in 3804:Main article: 3801: 3800:Foreign policy 3798: 3793:Service Canada 3776: 3773: 3671: 3668: 3606: 3603: 3590:representation 3570:his own motion 3560: 3557: 3525:Main article: 3522: 3519: 3493:Main article: 3490: 3487: 3448:Main article: 3445: 3442: 3424: 3421: 3407:, of Ontario; 3403:, of Ontario; 3391: 3388: 3386:economically. 3346:Michaëlle Jean 3324: 3321: 3308:Main article: 3305: 3302: 3288:Main article: 3285: 3282: 3278:Justin Trudeau 3269:Main article: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3221: 3206: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3192:Alberta Agenda 3184: 3179: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2987: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2962:Wildrose Party 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2918: 2917: 2915:Unionist Party 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2765: 2763:Extant parties 2762: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2743: 2733: 2723: 2713: 2703: 2693: 2683: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2374:Family Compact 2371: 2368:Château Clique 2363: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2276: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2244: 2239: 2237:Calgary School 2233: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2217: 2216: 2208: 2207: 2196: 2193: 2135:Michaëlle Jean 2068:Main article: 2065: 2062: 2016:Gurmant Grewal 1945: 1942: 1936:On October 4, 1915:Gilles Duceppe 1911:Bloc Québécois 1906: 1903: 1859:Main article: 1856: 1853: 1837: 1834: 1716: 1713: 1709:Ian McClelland 1646:Alberta Agenda 1613: 1610: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1459:second reading 1407: 1404: 1335:Brian Mulroney 1318: 1315: 1307:Pierre Trudeau 1230: 1227: 1219:Justin Trudeau 1152:, and ordered 1110:, reduced the 1102:resulted in a 1000: 999: 997: 996: 989: 982: 974: 971: 970: 967: 966: 959: 951: 948: 947: 941: 927: 926: 921: 914: 907: 900: 894: 889: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 856:Foreign policy 853: 848: 842: 836: 835: 830: 824: 818: 817: 812: 806: 803: 802: 799: 798: 793:Stephen Harper 786:a series about 782: 780: 764: 763: 760: 759: 752: 742: 737: 736: 735: 734: 733: 730: 729: 720: 716: 715: 708: 704: 703: 701: 700: 685: 677: 675: 669: 668: 662: 658: 657: 654: 650: 649: 634: 630:Laureen Teskey 628: 627: 625: 621: 620: 618: 617: 611: 605: 599: 592: 590: 584: 583: 577: 573: 572: 559:April 30, 1959 548: 546: 542: 541: 537: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 523: 517: 516: 511: 505: 504: 494: 493: 482: 481: 476: 470: 469: 464: 458: 457: 447: 446: 428: 427: 422: 416: 415: 409: 403: 402: 392: 391: 387:Leader of the 384: 383: 377: 371: 370: 364: 358: 357: 352: 348: 347: 337: 336: 330: 329: 326: 320: 319: 314: 308: 307: 298: 296:Prime Minister 292: 291: 286: 282: 281: 271: 270: 265: 259: 258: 253: 247: 246: 241: 239:Prime Minister 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 214: 213: 207: 206: 203: 202: 199: 198: 195: 188: 187: 182: 176: 175: 169:Assumed office 164: 163: 156: 153: 152: 145: 144: 142:Justin Trudeau 139: 133: 132: 127: 121: 120: 118: 117: 115:David Johnston 112: 110:Michaëlle Jean 106: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 79: 78: 71: 70: 67: 66: 64:Harper in 2010 63: 55: 54: 39: 37:Stephen Harper 36: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17446: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17349:Living people 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17251: 17249: 17238:from Wikidata 17237: 17236: 17224: 17220: 17219: 17207: 17203: 17202: 17190: 17187:from Wikinews 17186: 17185: 17173: 17169: 17168: 17156: 17155: 17152: 17146: 17127: 17117: 17115: 17105: 17104: 17101: 17092: 17091: 17090: 17087: 17082: 17081: 17080: 17077: 17072: 17071: 17070: 17067: 17062: 17061: 17060: 17056: 17051: 17050: 17049: 17046: 17041: 17040: 17039: 17036: 17031: 17030: 17029: 17026: 17021: 17020: 17019: 17016: 17011: 17010: 17009: 17005: 17002: 16997: 16996: 16995: 16992: 16987: 16986: 16985: 16984:Luka Magnotta 16982: 16977: 16976: 16975: 16972: 16967: 16966: 16965: 16962: 16957: 16956: 16955: 16952: 16947: 16946: 16945: 16942: 16937: 16936: 16935: 16932: 16927: 16926: 16925: 16922: 16917: 16916: 16915: 16912: 16907: 16906: 16905: 16904:Jean Chrétien 16902: 16897: 16896: 16895: 16894:Stockwell Day 16892: 16887: 16886: 16885: 16882: 16877: 16876: 16875: 16872: 16867: 16866: 16865: 16864:Jean Chrétien 16862: 16857: 16856: 16855: 16852: 16847: 16846: 16845: 16842: 16837: 16836: 16835: 16832: 16827: 16826: 16825: 16822: 16817: 16816: 16815: 16812: 16807: 16806: 16805: 16802: 16797: 16796: 16795: 16792: 16787: 16786: 16785: 16784:Elijah Harper 16782: 16777: 16776: 16775: 16772: 16767: 16766: 16765: 16762: 16757: 16756: 16755: 16752: 16747: 16746: 16745: 16742: 16737: 16736: 16735: 16732: 16727: 16726: 16725: 16724:Wayne Gretzky 16722: 16717: 16716: 16715: 16712: 16707: 16706: 16705: 16702: 16697: 16696: 16695: 16692: 16687: 16686: 16685: 16684:René Lévesque 16682: 16677: 16676: 16675: 16672: 16667: 16666: 16665: 16662: 16657: 16656: 16655: 16652: 16647: 16646: 16645: 16644:Lucien Rivard 16642: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16632: 16627: 16626: 16625: 16624:Réal Caouette 16622: 16617: 16616: 16615: 16612: 16607: 16606: 16605: 16602: 16597: 16596: 16595: 16592: 16587: 16586: 16585: 16582: 16577: 16576: 16575: 16572: 16567: 16566: 16565: 16562: 16557: 16556: 16555: 16552: 16547: 16546: 16545: 16542: 16537: 16536: 16535: 16532: 16527: 16526: 16525: 16524:Igor Gouzenko 16522: 16521: 16518: 16514: 16507: 16502: 16500: 16495: 16493: 16488: 16487: 16484: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16458: 16455: 16451: 16448: 16444: 16436: 16432: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16421: 16417: 16413: 16412:New Democrats 16409: 16406: 16402: 16399: 16396: 16392: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16381: 16377: 16373: 16369: 16367: 16366: 16362: 16359: 16355: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16344: 16340: 16336: 16332: 16329: 16325: 16321: 16318: 16315: 16311: 16308: 16305: 16301: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16290: 16286: 16282: 16281: 16278: 16272: 16268: 16266: 16262: 16261: 16258: 16254: 16247: 16242: 16240: 16235: 16233: 16228: 16227: 16224: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16168: 16165: 16161: 16158: 16154: 16146: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16135: 16131: 16127: 16126:New Democrats 16123: 16120: 16116: 16113: 16110: 16106: 16105:Blair Longley 16102: 16099: 16096: 16092: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16081: 16077: 16073: 16069: 16067: 16066: 16062: 16059: 16055: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16044: 16040: 16036: 16032: 16029: 16025: 16021: 16018: 16015: 16011: 16008: 16005: 16001: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15990: 15986: 15982: 15978: 15977: 15974: 15968: 15964: 15962: 15958: 15957: 15954: 15950: 15943: 15938: 15936: 15931: 15929: 15924: 15923: 15920: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15874: 15871: 15867: 15864: 15860: 15852: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15841: 15837: 15833: 15832:New Democrats 15829: 15826: 15823: 15820: 15816: 15815:Blair Longley 15812: 15809: 15806: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15795: 15791: 15790:Stéphane Dion 15787: 15783: 15781: 15780: 15776: 15773: 15769: 15768:Elizabeth May 15765: 15762: 15760: 15758: 15754: 15750: 15746: 15743: 15739: 15735: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15719: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15708: 15704: 15700: 15696: 15695: 15692: 15686: 15682: 15680: 15676: 15675: 15672: 15668: 15661: 15656: 15654: 15649: 15647: 15642: 15641: 15638: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15620:Controversies 15618: 15615: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15577: 15574: 15570: 15567: 15563: 15555: 15551: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15540: 15536: 15532: 15531:New Democrats 15528: 15525: 15521: 15518: 15515: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15504: 15500: 15496: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15483: 15479: 15478:Elizabeth May 15475: 15471: 15469: 15467: 15463: 15459: 15455: 15452: 15448: 15444: 15441: 15438: 15434: 15433:James Hnatiuk 15430: 15427: 15425: 15423: 15419: 15415: 15411: 15408: 15404: 15400: 15397: 15396: 15393: 15387: 15383: 15381: 15377: 15376: 15373: 15369: 15362: 15357: 15355: 15350: 15348: 15343: 15342: 15339: 15327: 15324: 15321: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15283: 15280: 15276: 15273: 15269: 15260: 15256: 15253: 15252: 15251: 15248: 15244: 15243: 15239: 15235: 15234: 15233: 15232: 15231:New Democrats 15228: 15224: 15223: 15219: 15215: 15214: 15213: 15212: 15208: 15204: 15203: 15199: 15198:Elizabeth May 15195: 15194: 15193: 15192: 15188: 15184: 15183: 15179: 15175: 15174: 15173: 15172: 15168: 15164: 15160: 15159: 15158: 15155: 15151: 15150: 15146: 15142: 15141: 15140: 15139: 15135: 15134: 15131: 15125: 15121: 15119: 15115: 15114: 15111: 15107: 15100: 15095: 15093: 15088: 15086: 15081: 15080: 15077: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15029:Greg Thompson 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15014:Monte Solberg 15012: 15010: 15009:Carol Skelton 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14994:Greg Rickford 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14939:Rob Nicholson 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14909:Kellie Leitch 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14859:Gary Goodyear 14857: 14855: 14854:Shelly Glover 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14814:David Emerson 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14804:Stockwell Day 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14794:Michael Chong 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14784:Steven Blaney 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14736: 14734: 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E. Trudeau 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13849:P. E. Trudeau 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13756: 13753: 13749: 13742: 13737: 13735: 13730: 13728: 13723: 13722: 13719: 13710: 13709:Lee Myung-bak 13701: 13700: 13692: 13686: 13682: 13673: 13672: 13664: 13658: 13653: 13649: 13640: 13639: 13632: 13626: 13622: 13613: 13612: 13605: 13599: 13595: 13586: 13585: 13578: 13577:John Reynolds 13572: 13567: 13559: 13550: 13549: 13537: 13531: 13528: 13525: 13521: 13520: 13508: 13507:John Reynolds 13502: 13497: 13493: 13484: 13483: 13478: 13472: 13468: 13465: 13462: 13458: 13457: 13452: 13445: 13439: 13435: 13426: 13425: 13420: 13413: 13407: 13404: 13400: 13395: 13388: 13375: 13372: 13371: 13369: 13365: 13358: 13357: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13340: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13324: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13312: 13308: 13306: 13305: 13301: 13299: 13298: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13288: 13286: 13282: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13206: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13181: 13179: 13175: 13169: 13165: 13163: 13159: 13155: 13152:Parliaments: 13151: 13149: 13145: 13144: 13142: 13140: 13136: 13129: 13126: 13123: 13120: 13116: 13113: 13110: 13106: 13103: 13100: 13096: 13093: 13090: 13087: 13084: 13081: 13078: 13077: 13074: 13070: 13063: 13058: 13056: 13051: 13049: 13044: 13043: 13040: 13034: 13030: 13027: 13026: 13015: 13009: 13004: 13003: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12976: 12972: 12967: 12963: 12957: 12952: 12951: 12944: 12940: 12934: 12930: 12926: 12922: 12918: 12912: 12907: 12906: 12899: 12895: 12893:0-7710-4350-3 12889: 12885: 12884: 12878: 12874: 12868: 12864: 12859: 12855: 12849: 12845: 12844: 12838: 12834: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12814: 12809: 12805: 12799: 12794: 12793: 12786: 12779: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12748: 12743: 12742: 12739: 12723: 12717: 12713: 12706: 12698: 12692: 12688: 12684: 12677: 12661: 12657: 12651: 12635: 12628: 12612: 12606: 12591: 12587: 12580: 12565: 12561: 12554: 12538: 12532: 12516: 12512: 12508: 12501: 12484: 12480: 12476: 12469: 12453: 12449: 12442: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12408: 12392: 12388: 12384: 12377: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12348: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12325: 12309: 12305: 12301: 12294: 12279:. Toronto, ON 12278: 12274: 12267: 12251: 12247: 12240: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12209: 12194: 12190: 12183: 12176: 12175: 12170: 12166: 12163: 12157: 12150: 12146: 12143: 12138: 12127:September 27, 12122: 12118: 12113: 12109: 12103: 12095: 12091: 12087: 12081: 12070:September 22, 12066: 12062: 12056: 12041: 12037: 12030: 12014: 12008: 11992: 11986: 11979: 11975: 11970: 11963: 11959: 11954: 11939: 11938:National Post 11935: 11924: 11916: 11912: 11905: 11889: 11885: 11884: 11879: 11872: 11861:September 27, 11856: 11852: 11848: 11842: 11834: 11831: 11825: 11817: 11814: 11808: 11792: 11788: 11782: 11780: 11763: 11759: 11753: 11737: 11733: 11727: 11719: 11715: 11708: 11697:September 19, 11693: 11692: 11687: 11680: 11665: 11661: 11654: 11639: 11635: 11628: 11612: 11608: 11602: 11587: 11583: 11579: 11575: 11568: 11552: 11548: 11542: 11526: 11522: 11516: 11500: 11499:National Post 11496: 11490: 11475: 11471: 11465: 11450:. May 9, 2018 11449: 11445: 11439: 11424: 11423:palmbeachpost 11420: 11414: 11399: 11395: 11389: 11374: 11370: 11363: 11347: 11343: 11342:National Post 11339: 11338:National Post 11335: 11328: 11313: 11307: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11279: 11262: 11258: 11252: 11237: 11233: 11226: 11210: 11206: 11200: 11198: 11182: 11176: 11161: 11157: 11150: 11148: 11139: 11135: 11129: 11127: 11111: 11107: 11101: 11085: 11081: 11075: 11073: 11057: 11053: 11047: 11045: 11043: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11008: 11006: 10989: 10985: 10979: 10977: 10961: 10957: 10950: 10948: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10913: 10909: 10905: 10901: 10897: 10890: 10888: 10871: 10867: 10861: 10853: 10849: 10843: 10835: 10831: 10825: 10806: 10802: 10801: 10793: 10787: 10779: 10775: 10768: 10752: 10748: 10742: 10727: 10721: 10713: 10709: 10703: 10687: 10683: 10677: 10669: 10665: 10659: 10644: 10643:National Post 10640: 10633: 10622:September 15, 10617: 10613: 10609: 10602: 10591:September 15, 10587: 10583: 10576: 10574: 10557: 10551: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10520: 10504: 10497: 10489: 10485: 10479: 10464: 10463: 10458: 10451: 10435: 10431: 10425: 10410: 10406: 10399: 10391: 10385: 10369: 10359: 10343: 10337: 10321: 10317: 10310: 10294: 10287: 10271: 10267: 10260: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10229: 10213: 10209: 10205: 10199: 10183: 10182:National Post 10179: 10173: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10145: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10115: 10113: 10096: 10092: 10088: 10082: 10075: 10066: 10059: 10055: 10052: 10047: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10022: 10017: 10011: 9995: 9991: 9990: 9989:National Post 9985: 9978: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9956: 9949: 9943: 9927: 9923: 9917: 9909: 9908: 9903: 9896: 9894: 9877: 9870: 9854: 9850: 9844: 9828: 9824: 9818: 9811: 9810: 9805: 9799: 9791: 9787: 9781: 9766: 9762: 9755: 9747: 9741: 9722: 9716: 9701: 9700: 9695: 9691: 9685: 9669: 9665: 9659: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9629: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9599: 9584: 9580: 9573: 9565: 9558: 9547: 9540: 9524: 9520: 9516: 9510: 9495: 9494: 9489: 9482: 9467: 9463: 9456: 9448: 9447: 9442: 9435: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9412: 9396: 9392: 9386: 9378: 9374: 9368: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9248: 9232: 9225: 9209: 9205: 9204:Vancouver Sun 9201: 9194: 9178: 9174: 9168: 9153: 9149: 9142: 9140: 9124: 9120: 9113: 9111: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9080: 9064: 9060: 9054: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9024: 9009:. May 6, 2010 9008: 9007:The Economist 9004: 8998: 8983:. May 6, 2010 8982: 8981:The Economist 8978: 8972: 8956: 8952: 8946: 8938: 8932: 8930: 8921: 8915: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8887: 8880: 8876: 8871: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8840: 8838: 8829: 8828: 8823: 8816: 8814: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8782: 8766: 8759: 8743: 8742:National Post 8739: 8733: 8717: 8713: 8707: 8692: 8688: 8681: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8639: 8635: 8629: 8614: 8610: 8603: 8588:. Global News 8587: 8580: 8565:. May 5, 2011 8564: 8560: 8554: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8523: 8516: 8511: 8504: 8500: 8495: 8479: 8473: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8426: 8420: 8405: 8401: 8394: 8378: 8372: 8356: 8350: 8334: 8328: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8273: 8254: 8247: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8206: 8202: 8195: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8165: 8164: 8156: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8084: 8068: 8064: 8058: 8042: 8036: 8020: 8014: 8003:September 21, 7998: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7967: 7961: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7915: 7909: 7890: 7886: 7879: 7872: 7856: 7852: 7845: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7817: 7800: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7773: 7767: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7736: 7720: 7716: 7710: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7671: 7665: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7614: 7612: 7595: 7591: 7585: 7569: 7565: 7558: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7516: 7510: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7479: 7477: 7461: 7457: 7450: 7435: 7431: 7424: 7408: 7404: 7398: 7383: 7379: 7372: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7341: 7333: 7326: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7292: 7286: 7271: 7267: 7260: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7232: 7230: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7184: 7177: 7171: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7126: 7122: 7116: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7071: 7067: 7060: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7018: 7017:National Post 7014: 7008: 6997: 6991: 6976: 6970: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6939: 6937: 6920: 6916: 6910: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6869: 6865: 6859: 6843: 6839: 6832: 6816: 6810: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6786: 6782: 6776: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6752: 6746: 6739: 6738:National Post 6735: 6729: 6722: 6716: 6709: 6703: 6696: 6695:National Post 6690: 6683: 6677: 6669: 6662: 6655:. p. 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May 9, 2019 5584: 5580: 5574: 5567: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5533: 5527: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5481: 5477: 5471: 5464: 5458: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5407: 5400: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5368: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5344: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5314: 5299: 5295: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5228: 5223: 5220: 5219:Canada portal 5209: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5117: 5114:Harper had a 5112: 5110: 5106: 5105:Wayne Gretzky 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5041:New Zealander 5038: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4997: 4991:Personal life 4982: 4973: 4969: 4966:This list is 4964: 4957: 4956: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4896: 4894: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4866:Julie Payette 4862: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4844: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4806: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4766: 4765: 4759: 4755: 4752:2012: As the 4751: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4652: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4629: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4594: 4593:state funeral 4589: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4496:National Post 4493: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4465:Narendra Modi 4461: 4457: 4455: 4454:2015 election 4451: 4447: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4422: 4420: 4415: 4403: 4402:Russell Brown 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4306: 4303: 4302:Muskrat Falls 4299: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4266:cap and trade 4263: 4259: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4162:David Wilkins 4155: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4115:United States 4112: 4110: 4109:Liechtenstein 4106: 4096: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4066:Nariman House 4063: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4004: 4002: 4001:the Holocaust 3997: 3988: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3899:Jean Chrétien 3896: 3891: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3872:War on Terror 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3852:David Cameron 3849: 3845: 3844:Angela Merkel 3841: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3784:2009. Former- 3782: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3761:New Brunswick 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3674:Ahead of the 3667: 3665: 3661: 3660:The Economist 3657: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3616: 3611: 3602: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3553: 3552:John Franklin 3549: 3548: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3515:National Post 3511: 3506: 3504: 3503: 3496: 3489:2015 election 3486: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3468:Elizabeth May 3465: 3460: 3458: 3457:Metro Toronto 3451: 3444:2011 election 3441: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3399:, of Quebec; 3398: 3387: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3351: 3347: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3317: 3311: 3301: 3298: 3297:voter turnout 3291: 3281: 3279: 3272: 3260: 3255: 3253: 3248: 3246: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3188: 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After the 1115: 1097: 1049:Calgary West 1034: 1004: 1003: 961: 956:A Great Game 954: 938: 930: 916: 909: 902: 891: 839: 821: 791: 661:Residence(s) 598:(until 1981) 589:affiliations 582:(since 2003) 580:Conservative 521:Succeeded by 498: 491:Calgary West 474:Succeeded by 451: 424: 420:Succeeded by 396: 380:Rona Ambrose 375:Succeeded by 355:Peter MacKay 341: 324:Succeeded by 289:Elizabeth II 275: 263:Succeeded by 232:Elizabeth II 218: 168: 157: 137:Succeeded by 97:Elizabeth II 83: 25: 17259:1959 births 17028:Gord Downie 16974:Jack Layton 16924:John Gomery 16914:Paul Martin 16764:Ben Johnson 16754:Rick Hansen 16744:Steve Fonyo 16614:James Coyne 16416:Jack Layton 16376:Paul Martin 16312:(Ron Gray, 16130:Jack Layton 16087:Libertarian 16076:Paul Martin 16012:(Ron Gray, 15836:Jack Layton 15801:Libertarian 15726:(Ron Gray, 15535:Jack Layton 15510:Libertarian 15238:Tom Mulcair 14929:James Moore 14919:Ted Menzies 14899:Denis Lebel 14809:John Duncan 14570:(2000–2003) 14549:(1987–2000) 14471:Diefenbaker 14441:(1942–2003) 14341:(1873–1942) 14326:(1867–1873) 14316:antecedents 14110:Diefenbaker 14100:St. Laurent 14095:Diefenbaker 13839:Diefenbaker 13834:St. Laurent 13699:Group of 20 13631:Paul Martin 13621:Bill Graham 13260:2015 budget 13255:2014 budget 13250:2013 budget 13245:2012 budget 13240:2011 budget 13235:2010 budget 13230:2009 budget 13225:2008 budget 13220:2007 budget 13215:2006 budget 13208:Legislation 13139:Premiership 13121:(1993–1997) 13111:(2002–2015) 13101:(2015–2016) 13091:(2004–2015) 13085:(2006–2015) 12685:. 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