1405:
a rise of up to 90% in blood sugar, a rise of 70 to 130% in inorganic phosphate, and a less significant rise in serum potassium with a terminal rise in non-protein nitrogen and potassium. The whole central nervous system is affected by methyl fluoroacetate just like with leptazol, with the higher centers being more sensitive than the lower ones. Small doses of methyl fluoroacetate have little effect on blood pressure yet in large doses it has an action similar to nicotine. It further stimulates the rate and volume of respiration and then causes failure of the respiration, probably central in origin as seen through graphic records. The knee jerk reaction appears to be accentuated through methyl fluoroacetate until convulsions occur due to the irradiation of the stimuli being so facilitated. Nervous conduction is increased and the threshold stimulus lessened in the reflex arc of a spinal cat. Methyl fluoroacetate reduces the electric convulsive threshold about 10 times in rats. The difficulties of treatments are stressed as methyl fluoroacetate is both a powerful convulsant and a respiratory depressant, yet suggestions for treatment in man are made. Methyl fluoroacetate presents a serious hazard as a food and water contaminant in the case that it is used as a poison against rodents and other vermin, as it is not easily detected or destroyed and is equally toxic by mouth and by injection.
1447:
rats, and guinea pigs show symptoms after 15 min to 2 hours. The animals become quiet and limp. Rabbits show a similar latent time period and muscle weakness. Dogs show symptoms of hyperactivity. They are more sensitive because of higher rates of metabolism and, eventually, they also fail to respirate. Fish are more resistant because of slow metabolism and therefore it is not expected that the substance will build up in fish. Also, Australian herbivores (e.g. possum and seed-eating birds) that live in a habitat consisting of plants with traces of fluoroacetate, have some tolerance. This can happen by detoxifying fluoroacetate or more resistivity of aconitase to fluorocitrate in the presence of GSH. Some insects can store the toxin in vacuoles and use it later. The highly hazardous MFA cannot be used for poisoning animals without risking human life.
299:
206:
504:
509:
494:
499:
24:
33:
1480:(glycerol monoacetate) helped against FA poisoning. It aids in increasing acetate levels of the blood and it decreases citrate levels in the heart, brain, and kidneys. However, this is only tested experimentally. In monkeys, monoacetin even reverses the effects of FA: all biological effects normalized. As with ethanol, monoacetin is effective against FA poisoning.
1460:
cortical depressants like sodium phenobarbitone or rectal avertin. Afterward, careful supervision of oxygen supply is necessary together with a BLB mask and the use of artificial respiration. Possibly, the use of hypertonic glucose intravenously is required as in status epilepticus. At last, careful use of
1404:
is found post-mortem in these animals. Estimations have been made for blood sugar, hemoglobin, plasma proteins, non-protein nitrogen, and serum potassium, calcium, chloride, and inorganic phosphate in a small number of rabbits, dogs, and goats. Blood changes include a rise of 20 to 60% in hemoglobin,
1446:
The effects on animals occur very rapidly and strongly, all resulting in death. Exposure to a high concentration of MFA vapor does not show any symptoms in animals until 30–60 minutes. Then violent reactions and death took place in a few hours, according to studies. From intravenous injection mice,
1060:
is continuously added in the reactor at a speed of 5~10 kg/min with the mass ratio of methyl chloroacetate and potassium fluoride being 1:0.5～1. The reaction between these chemicals produces a gas mixture, with the gases within this mixture then being split between two condensers according to
1472:
going. For now, ethanol has proven to be the most effective against FC formation. When ethanol is oxidized, it increases blood acetate levels which inhibits FC production. In humans, an oral dose of 40-60 mL 96% ethanol is advised followed by 1.0-1.5 g/kg of 5-10% ethanol intravenously during the
1413:
Methyl fluoroacetate is produced and used as a chemical reagent and it can be released to the environment through several waste streams. When it was used as a rodenticide, it was released directly to the environment where it would be broken down in the air. If released to air, an estimated vapor
1383:
for the rat and mouse are 450 mg/m and above 1,000 mg/m for 5 minutes, respectively. In dogs, guinea-pigs, cats, rabbits, goats, horses, rats, mice, and monkeys, the pharmacological effects of this substance have been investigated by mouth and by injection. Methyl fluoroacetate causes
1375:
For a variety of animals, the toxicity of methyl fluoroacetate has been determined orally and through subcutaneous injection. The dosage ranges from 0.1 mg/kg in dogs to 10–12 mg/kg in monkeys indicating considerable variation. An order of decreasing susceptibility has been determined
1459:
against MFA, but there are some suggestions regarding the treatment of MFA poisoning. Advised is to use an intravenous injection of fast-acting anesthetics directly after poisoning. The anesthetic should be pentothal sodium or evipan sodium followed by an intramuscular injection of long-acting
1384:
progressive depression of respiration and is a convulsant poison in most animals. When applied to the skin it is not toxic, yet through inhalation, injection and by mouth it is. For the rat, cat and the rhesus monkey, the effects of methyl fluoroacetate have been determined similar to those of
1418:
at 25 °C indicates methyl fluoroacetate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl fluoroacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 98 days.
1061:
their condensation temperature. Methyl chloroacetate is condensed within the condenser set at 100~105 °C, it is then returned to the reactor to continue participating in the chemical reaction. Methyl fluoroacetate in the other condenser then enters a two-stage
1085:
MFA is a liquid, which is odorless or can have a faint, fruity smell. The boiling point of MFA is 104.5 °C and the melting point is −35.0 °C. It is soluble in water (117 g/L at 25 °C) and slightly soluble in petroleum ether.
1615:
Leong, L., Khan, S., Davis, C. K., Denman, S. E., & McSweeney, C. S. (2017). Fluoroacetate in plants - a review of its distribution, toxicity to livestock and microbial detoxification. Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 8,
893:
since it is colorless and odorless and therefore it can toxify the water supply and kill a big part of the population. By the end of the war, several countries began to make methyl fluoroacetate to debilitate or kill the enemy.
1376:
within these animals which is: dog, guinea-pig, cat, rabbit, goat, and then likely horse, rat, mouse, and monkey. For the rat and mouse, the toxicity by inhalation has been investigated more fully than for other animals. The
1738:
Goncharov, N. V., Jenkins, R. O., & Radilov, A. S. (2006). Toxicology of fluoroacetate: a review, with possible directions for therapy research. Journal of
Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 26(2),
517:
1467:
Alternatively, there is a therapy aimed at the prevention of fluorocitrate synthesis, the blocking of aconitase within the mitochondria, and to provide a citrate outflow from the mitochondria to keep the
1628:
Mead, R. J., Oliver, A. J., & King, D. R. (1979). Metabolism and defluorination of fluoroacetate in the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Australian journal of biological sciences, 32(1),
1473:
first hour and 0.1 g/kg during the following 6–8 hours. This therapy is meant for fluoroacetate (FA) poisoning which is highly related MFA, so this therapy aimed at MFA may result in other outcomes.
1483:
There is up until now, no proven treatment against MFA. However, the beforementioned treatments can provide starting points for therapy aimed at MFA since FA and MFA are closely related compounds.
4503:
4558:
4498:
474:
922:
4588:
4635:
4583:
851:
The general population is not likely to be exposed to methyl fluoroacetate. People who use MFA for work, however, can breathe in or have direct skin contact with the substance.
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4553:
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4578:
4513:
4508:
4396:
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1207:
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2463:
635:
1065:
condensation at a temperature of 20~25 °C which then ensures that the methyl fluoroacetate is condensed into a liquid with it being the product of this reaction.
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4457:
1165:
4640:
4391:
4356:
4351:
4650:
4371:
4366:
4477:
4472:
4376:
4361:
1043:
1009:. The mass ratio of the potassium fluoride and the catalyst in this step is 0.5~1 : 0.02~0.03. With the solvent mentioned in this step being a mixture of
872:
627:
4548:
4523:
4442:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4412:
2220:
864:
4609:
1699:
Saunders, B. C.; Stacey, G. J. (1948). "358. Toxic fluorine compounds containing the C–F link. Part I. Methyl
Fluoroacetate and Related Compounds".
4245:
4250:
4023:
338:
4018:
1400:, and electrically induced convulsions. The convulsive pattern is considered to be similar to that of leptazol. Little besides signs of
1502:
4270:
4229:
1767:
4614:
4568:
4563:
4323:
631:
4260:
4033:
1184:(TCA cycle) and also causes citrate to accumulate in the tissues and eventually in the plasma. MFA is mainly biotransformed by
3884:
1249:
enzyme with a very high affinity and therefore intervenes in the TCA cycle. Citrate in normal circumstances is converted to
571:
1464:
should be applied to control any convulsions. If any vomiting occurs, lean the patient forward to maintain an open airway.
2979:
2595:
2610:
2600:
313:
2438:
1881:
1652:"The toxicology and pharmacology of methyl fluoroacetate (mfa) in animals, with some notes on experimental therapy"
1265:
and succinate are required from the TCA cycle. Respiration stops shortly. The poison acts very quickly and has no
777:
3846:
2069:
1039:) with a mass ratio of 1.4~1.6: 1. The mass ratio of the solvent and potassium fluoride is 1.1~2.0 : 0.5~1.
4038:
3327:
3136:
2890:
455:
1144:. This, however, does not happen for MFA and gives it a unique toxic action. Moreover, MFA is a derivative of
3322:
2570:
1760:
1745:
4316:
4048:
2922:
2468:
995:
565:
256:
201:
508:
2704:
2648:
2642:
2564:
2539:
2433:
1996:
949:
277:
3312:
1304:
1192:
615:
4437:
4301:
3833:
3543:
3011:
2590:
2337:
972:
840:. It is a colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature. It is used as a laboratory chemical and as a
749:
503:
619:
4676:
4543:
4452:
4265:
3877:
3801:
3209:
3006:
1497:
1288:
1254:
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213:
4190:
4072:
3518:
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3111:
3021:
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2493:
1753:
1308:
1098:
671:
294:
163:
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4671:
4381:
4309:
4063:
3066:
3061:
2636:
1586:
1585:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Methyl fluoroacetate, CID=9959,
1295:. Fluoride can be removed from fluoroacetate or fluorocitrate. It is involved in detoxifying the
1185:
918:
917:
within the reactor; this is then stirred and heated up. The catalyst mentioned in this step is a
493:
4691:
4275:
3091:
2845:
2673:
2024:
2014:
1861:
1601:侯红军杨华春司腾飞薛旭金杨明霞师玉萍邹英武贺志荣姚超 (2015). Patent identifier No. CN104292104B. Location: Google patents
1177:
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265:
88:
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205:
183:
8:
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3001:
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1871:
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1819:
1716:
1681:
1557:
1469:
1181:
1149:
1079:
1010:
837:
739:
1344:
of biotransformed MFA is about 2 days. When administered, the MFA mainly resides in
4696:
4285:
3806:
3633:
3513:
3076:
3051:
3041:
2719:
2585:
2529:
2284:
2266:
2235:
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2225:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2157:
2146:
2006:
1846:
1825:
1814:
1780:
1708:
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801:
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438:
361:
2187:
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245:
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3412:
3146:
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2835:
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1972:
1886:
1196:
771:
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2768:
2694:
2620:
1991:
1916:
1841:
1775:
1349:
1331:
1315:
1242:
1217:-specific defluorinase. The defluorinating activity is mainly present in the
1214:
1161:
1145:
607:
427:
417:
194:
4082:
3948:
3764:
3714:
3498:
3488:
3443:
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2019:
1891:
1790:
1720:
1685:
1345:
1284:
1094:
886:
1561:
1526:
1330:-carboxymethyl glutathione. This can be afterward excreted in the form of
844:. Because of its extreme toxicity, MFA was studied for potential use as a
663:
4211:
4185:
4180:
4136:
4107:
4097:
3953:
3910:
3774:
3749:
3704:
3567:
3533:
3397:
3392:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3317:
3236:
3225:
3215:
2927:
2658:
2549:
2544:
2478:
2177:
2162:
2134:
2116:
2088:
1980:
1801:
1712:
1423:
841:
690:
643:
4331:
623:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4092:
4013:
3973:
3893:
3724:
3719:
3699:
3694:
3679:
3674:
3587:
3582:
3558:
3382:
3367:
3362:
3307:
3302:
2984:
2865:
2824:
2818:
2802:
2785:
2779:
2746:
2738:
2679:
2473:
2245:
2151:
2140:
1962:
1956:
1477:
1431:
1397:
1389:
1365:
1361:
386:
214:
174:
23:
1553:
902:
The synthesis of methyl fluoroacetate consists of a two-step process:
4518:
4166:
4102:
4087:
3988:
3943:
3819:
3769:
3744:
3734:
3659:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3292:
3272:
3246:
3231:
3169:
3116:
2875:
2813:
2796:
2774:
2751:
2488:
2329:
2122:
1986:
1925:
1851:
1427:
1341:
1250:
1246:
1234:
1062:
1025:
770:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
4290:
3993:
3983:
3828:
3729:
3638:
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3508:
3422:
3332:
3282:
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3131:
3121:
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2347:
2319:
2314:
2309:
1950:
1809:
1456:
1435:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1266:
1200:
1141:
1111:
1105:
1090:
910:
811:
805:
73:
53:
32:
1195:. The GSH-dependent enzyme couples glutathione to MFA and thereby
1160:
Generally, fluoroacetates are toxic because they are converted to
683:
162:
4255:
4127:
4043:
3978:
3577:
3572:
3287:
3277:
3267:
3262:
2952:
2580:
2498:
2483:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2250:
2240:
2200:
2195:
2172:
2167:
1901:
1272:
1222:
1173:
1118:
914:
599:
232:
881:
Because of its toxicity, MFA was studied for potential use as a
3795:
3458:
3453:
3241:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2029:
1831:
1323:
1188:
1125:
890:
830:
818:
808:
611:
63:
43:
3862:
1587:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methyl-fluoroacetate
1245:(FC) is formed which is the main toxic compound. It binds the
553:
3927:
3739:
3654:
3613:
2900:
2304:
2299:
2289:
2128:
2111:
2064:
1300:
1262:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1203:
1134:
1075:
1042:
When the reaction temperature of 100~160 °C is reached,
833:
659:
152:
2383:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
1430:
and therefore it's not expected to be susceptible to direct
575:
282:
4224:
4219:
4175:
3968:
3963:
3933:
3923:
3919:
2910:
2905:
2464:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
1415:
1377:
1296:
1258:
549:
407:
1213:
are produced. The decoupling of fluoride is mediated by a
587:
4028:
3297:
2850:
859:
MFA was first synthesized in 1896 by the
Belgian chemist
537:
557:
1155:
1253:, but the process is inhibited. The cycle stops and
1241:, there are no signs of defluorination. Eventually,
545:
1348:, but can also be traced in the liver, kidney, and
1734:
1732:
1730:
4663:
1656:British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy
1283:) show a level of tolerance to fluoroacetate by
1148:(FA) compound which is as toxic and has similar
541:
244:
4246:2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl trifluoromethyl ether
667:
138:
1727:
1698:
679:
4317:
3878:
1761:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1129:). The other haloacetates are more powerful
1069:
4324:
4310:
3885:
3871:
1768:
1754:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1624:
1622:
1503:EPA list of extremely hazardous substances
647:
297:
204:
182:
1675:
1604:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1426:that absorb at wavelengths > 290
1408:
871:. It can also be synthesized by reacting
264:
1597:
1595:
1368:in poisoned victims. Death results from
1172:, which is needed for the conversion of
1089:MFA is resistant to the displacement of
1632:
1619:
1524:
293:
4664:
4504:Bis(2-fluoroethyl) phosphorofluoridate
2649:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
2643:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
1568:
1275:are intolerant to MFA. However, a few
1097:, so there is higher stability of the
695:−32 °C (−26 °F; 241 K)
432:104 °C (219 °F; 377 K)
422:−40 °C (−40 °F; 233 K)
322:InChI=1S/C3H5FO2/c1-6-3(5)2-4/h2H2,1H3
195:
4559:Tetrakis(2-fluoroethyl) orthosilicate
4499:Bis(2-fluoroethyl) hydrogen phosphite
4305:
3866:
2891:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
1749:
1592:
1520:
1518:
1441:
325:Key: RJBYSQHLLIHSLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1649:
1450:
2980:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
923:dodecyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride
235:
13:
2596:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
1668:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1948.tb00362.x
1515:
1156:Mechanism of action and metabolism
14:
4708:
2611:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
2601:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
1193:phase 2 biotransformation process
1074:Methyl fluoroacetate is a methyl
889:. It was considered a good water
4589:Tris(2-fluoroethyl) orthoformate
2439:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
1882:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
1525:Gribble, Gordon W. (July 1973).
507:
502:
497:
492:
31:
22:
4636:2-chloroethyl fluorothioacetate
3892:
3847:List of chemical warfare agents
2070:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
1303:groups by converting them into
774:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
4039:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine
1692:
1326:resulting in the formation of
456:Occupational safety and health
1:
4584:Tris(2-fluoroethyl) phosphite
1534:Journal of Chemical Education
1508:
4574:Tris(2-fluoroethyl) arsenite
4554:Fluoroethyl trichloroacetate
4494:Bis(2-fluoroethyl) carbonate
4468:Methylene bis(fluoroacetate)
4049:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2923:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2469:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
1168:. Fluorocitrate can inhibit
996:tetramethylammonium chloride
897:
829:. It is the extremely toxic
7:
4539:Fluoroethyl chlorosulfonate
2705:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
2565:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
2434:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
1589:(accessed on Mar. 20, 2020)
1486:
1355:
950:tetrabutylammonium chloride
703:or concentration (LD, LC):
10:
4713:
4579:Tris(2-fluoroethyl) borate
4514:Bis(2-fluoroethyl) sulfite
4509:Bis(2-fluoroethyl) sulfate
4438:2-Ethylhexyl fluoroacetate
4397:Triethyllead fluoroacetate
3544:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
3012:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
2338:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
973:tetrabutylammonium bromide
854:
750:2-Ethylhexyl fluoroacetate
4623:
4597:
4544:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
4534:Fluoroethyl chloroformate
4529:Fluoroethyl chloroacetate
4486:
4453:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
4428:Cholesteryl fluoroacetate
4405:
4344:
4266:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
4238:
4209:
4165:
4126:
4062:
3900:
3842:
3802:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
3783:
3647:
3596:
3557:
3421:
3198:
3145:
3007:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
2936:
2737:
2512:
2426:
2418:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
2328:
2275:
2259:
2186:
2096:
2087:
2057:
2038:
2005:
1971:
1924:
1915:
1800:
1650:Foss, G. L. (June 1948).
1498:Highly hazardous chemical
1364:poison. It causes severe
1255:oxidative phosphorylation
1211:-carboxymethylglutathione
921:and can be the chemicals
768:
755:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
725:
699:
473:
453:
448:
412:Odorless or faint fruity
354:
334:
309:
122:
99:
87:
82:
30:
21:
4073:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
3519:Chloroacetophenone oxime
3504:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
3112:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
3022:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
2669:Phosphorus pentachloride
2494:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
1527:"Fluoroacetate toxicity"
1070:Structure and reactivity
566:Precautionary statements
4631:Bis(2-fluoroethyl)ether
4458:Isopropyl fluoroacetate
4382:Potassium fluoroacetate
3798:(variants and mixtures)
3067:Trichloronitrosomethane
3062:Trifluoronitrosomethane
2637:Methyldichlorophosphine
1186:glutathione transferase
1166:fluoroacetyl coenzyme A
919:phase-transfer catalyst
4641:Fluoroacetic anhydride
4392:Thallous fluoroacetate
4357:Ammonium fluoroacetate
4352:Aluminum fluoroacetate
4276:Methionine sulfoximine
3597:Cornea-clouding agents
3092:Phosphorus trichloride
2674:Phosphorus trichloride
2408:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
1862:Phosphorus trifluoride
1409:Environmental exposure
1335:-carboxymethylcysteine
1305:glutathione conjugates
1237:show activity. In the
1180:. This interrupts the
1178:competitive inhibition
1104:compared to the other
4651:Fluoroacetyl fluoride
4646:Fluoroacetyl chloride
4372:Calcium fluoroacetate
4367:Cadmium fluoroacetate
3939:Chlorophenylsilatrane
2991:Disulfur decafluoride
2792:Chlorophenylsilatrane
2700:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
1462:tubocurarine chloride
1422:MFA does not contain
17:Methyl fluoroacetate
4478:Propyl fluoroacetate
4473:Phenyl fluoroacetate
4463:Methyl fluoroacetate
4406:Fluoroacetate esters
4387:Sodium fluoroacetate
4377:Cupric fluoroacetate
4362:Barium fluoroacetate
4281:Methyl fluoroacetate
4130:receptor antagonists
4066:synthesis inhibitors
3791:Methyl fluoroacetate
3619:Methyl cyanoacrylate
3539:Allyl isothiocyanate
3127:Uranium hexafluoride
3082:Dinitrogen tetroxide
3027:Chlorine trifluoride
2075:Selenium oxychloride
1945:Phenyldichloroarsine
1939:Methyldichloroarsine
1877:Nickel tetracarbonyl
1713:10.1039/jr9480001773
1199:MFA. As a result, a
1044:methyl chloroacetate
873:methyl chloroacetate
790:Methyl fluoroacetate
745:Sodium fluoroacetate
93:Methyl fluoroacetate
89:Preferred IUPAC name
4549:Fluoroethyl nitrite
4524:Fluoroethyl acetate
4443:Fluoroacetylcholine
4433:Ethyl fluoroacetate
4423:Cetyl fluoroacetate
4418:Butyl fluoroacetate
4413:Allyl fluoroacetate
4345:Fluoroacetate salts
3959:Dihydropicrotoxinin
3916:Bicyclic phosphates
3484:Bromobenzyl cyanide
3252:Dimethylheptylpyran
3180:Diphenylcyanoarsine
3175:Diphenylchlorarsine
3107:Methyl vinyl ketone
3032:Perchloryl fluoride
2896:Bicyclic phosphates
2715:Trimethyl phosphite
2664:Phosphoryl chloride
1933:Ethyldichloroarsine
1907:Chloral cyanohydrin
1897:Acetone cyanohydrin
1867:Methyl cyanoformate
1546:1973JChEd..50..460G
1370:respiratory failure
1320:nucleophilic attack
1281:brush-tailed possum
1257:is prevented since
1170:aconitate hydratase
913:are added into the
439:Solubility in water
394: g·mol
18:
4487:Fluoroethyl esters
4113:Thiocarbohydrazide
3852:CB military symbol
3710:Enterotoxin type B
3665:Cyclopiazonic acid
3624:N-Methylmorpholine
3524:Ethyl bromoacetate
3002:Ethyl bromoacetate
2969:Perfluoroisobutene
2710:Triethyl phosphite
1981:Levinstein mustard
1872:Iron pentacarbonyl
1455:There is no known
1442:Effects on animals
907:Potassium fluoride
877:potassium fluoride
865:methyl iodoacetate
778:Infobox references
726:Related compounds
16:
4659:
4658:
4610:Fluoroacetanilide
4334:fluoroacetic acid
4299:
4298:
4201:Tetrazolylglycine
4169:receptor agonists
4078:4-Deoxypyridoxine
4004:Pentylenetetrazol
3860:
3859:
3670:Histrionicotoxins
3648:Biological toxins
3529:Ethyl iodoacetate
3097:Methyl isocyanate
3057:Selenoyl fluoride
3047:Mercuric chloride
3017:Tetranitromethane
2871:Sulfuryl fluoride
2856:HN3 hydrochloride
2851:HN2 hydrochloride
2846:HN1 hydrochloride
2733:
2732:
2690:Phenacyl chloride
2685:Pinacolyl alcohol
2631:Isopropyl alcohol
2626:4-Hydroxycoumarin
2560:1,8-Dibromooctane
2083:
2082:
2007:Nitrogen mustards
1820:Cyanogen chloride
1554:10.1021/ed050p460
1451:Antidotal therapy
1182:citric acid cycle
1150:biotransformation
1131:alkylating agents
1080:fluoroacetic acid
1011:dimethylformamide
838:fluoroacetic acid
786:Chemical compound
784:
783:
740:Fluoroacetic acid
732:Related compounds
532:Hazard statements
444:117 g/L at 25 °C
402:Colorless liquid
278:CompTox Dashboard
164:Interactive image
4704:
4677:Chemical weapons
4598:Fluoroacetamides
4326:
4319:
4312:
4303:
4302:
4286:Nitrocyclohexane
3887:
3880:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3834:White phosphorus
3811:post-combustion
3807:Depleted uranium
3634:Osmium tetroxide
3514:Phenacyl bromide
3077:Nitrogen dioxide
3052:Selenium dioxide
3042:Cadmium chloride
2499:Dimefox (TL-792)
2094:
2093:
1922:
1921:
1847:Hydrogen sulfide
1826:Hydrogen cyanide
1815:Cyanogen bromide
1781:chemical warfare
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1725:
1724:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1647:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1602:
1599:
1590:
1583:
1566:
1565:
1531:
1522:
1340:The elimination
1311:
1137:
1133:that react with
1128:
1121:
1114:
1101:
1059:
1038:
1023:
1008:
993:
970:
947:
828:
802:chemical formula
798:organic compound
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
511:
506:
501:
496:
469:Extremely toxic
393:
380:
362:Chemical formula
302:
301:
286:
284:
268:
248:
237:
216:
208:
197:
186:
166:
142:
71:
61:
51:
41:
35:
26:
19:
15:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4619:
4605:Fluoroacetamide
4593:
4482:
4401:
4340:
4338:2-fluoroethanol
4332:Derivatives of
4330:
4300:
4295:
4234:
4205:
4196:Quisqualic acid
4161:
4122:
4058:
4009:Phenylsilatrane
3896:
3891:
3861:
3856:
3838:
3779:
3690:Botulinum toxin
3643:
3592:
3553:
3469:Benzyl chloride
3424:
3417:
3201:
3194:
3185:Cacodyl cyanide
3147:Vomiting agents
3141:
2939:
2932:
2841:Dimethylmercury
2763:Botulinum toxin
2729:
2508:
2422:
2324:
2277:Novichok agents
2271:
2255:
2182:
2079:
2053:
2034:
2001:
1973:Sulfur mustards
1967:
1911:
1857:Carbon monoxide
1837:Cacodyl cyanide
1796:
1795:
1779:Agents used in
1774:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1697:
1693:
1648:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1605:
1600:
1593:
1584:
1569:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1493:Chemical weapon
1489:
1476:Treatment with
1453:
1444:
1414:pressure of 31
1411:
1381:
1358:
1309:
1158:
1135:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1099:
1072:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
900:
883:chemical weapon
869:silver fluoride
861:Frédéric Swarts
857:
846:chemical weapon
827:
823:
816:
804:
787:
780:
775:
764:
760:Fluoroacetamide
733:
721:6 mg/kg (mice)
718:
712:
568:
534:
520:
489:
466:
441:
391:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
350:
347:
342:
341:
330:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
305:
287:
280:
271:
251:
238:
226:
189:
169:
156:
145:
132:
118:
117:
95:
94:
78:
77:
69:
67:
59:
57:
49:
47:
39:
36:
12:
11:
5:
4710:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4687:Fluoroacetates
4684:
4679:
4674:
4672:Acetate esters
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4306:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4118:Toxopyrimidine
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3813:uranium oxides
3804:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3549:Crotonaldehyde
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3474:Benzyl bromide
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3413:Chlorpromazine
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3200:Incapacitating
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:Sulfur dioxide
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2940:choking agents
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:Tetraethyllead
2833:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:A.P.C. complex
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2251:V-sub x (GD-7)
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2048:Phosgene oxime
2044:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1919:
1917:Blister agents
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Glycolonitrile
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1786:incapacitation
1783:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1726:
1691:
1662:(2): 118–127.
1631:
1618:
1603:
1591:
1567:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1410:
1407:
1379:
1357:
1354:
1279:species (e.g.
1197:defluorinating
1157:
1154:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1020:
1016:
1004:
1000:
989:
985:
981:
977:
966:
962:
958:
954:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
899:
896:
856:
853:
825:
821:
814:
785:
782:
781:
776:
772:standard state
769:
766:
765:
763:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
736:
734:
731:
728:
727:
723:
722:
719:
710:
708:
705:
704:
697:
696:
693:
687:
686:
636:P305+P351+P338
628:P303+P361+P353
569:
564:
561:
560:
535:
530:
527:
526:
521:
516:
513:
512:
490:
485:
482:
481:
471:
470:
467:
464:
461:
460:
451:
450:
446:
445:
442:
437:
434:
433:
430:
424:
423:
420:
414:
413:
410:
404:
403:
400:
396:
395:
389:
383:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:
349:
348:
345:
337:
336:
335:
332:
331:
329:
328:
324:
321:
320:
312:
311:
310:
307:
306:
304:
303:
290:
288:
276:
273:
272:
270:
269:
261:
259:
253:
252:
250:
249:
241:
239:
231:
228:
227:
225:
224:
220:
218:
210:
209:
199:
191:
190:
188:
187:
179:
177:
171:
170:
168:
167:
159:
157:
150:
147:
146:
144:
143:
135:
133:
128:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
102:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
85:
84:
80:
79:
68:
58:
48:
38:
37:
28:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4709:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:Methyl esters
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:Fluoroaspirin
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Oenanthotoxin
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:GABA receptor
3899:
3895:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:its compounds
3821:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:Tetanospasmin
3758:
3756:
3755:T-2 mycotoxin
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Batrachotoxin
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:Allyl alcohol
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:Chloroacetone
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Benzyl iodide
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Xylyl bromide
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Butyrophenone
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3190:o-Dianisidine
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Cadmium oxide
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:Batrachotoxin
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:Tetanospasmin
2767:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2040:Nettle agents
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Cacodyl oxide
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1707:: 1773–1779.
1706:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1625:
1623:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1448:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1350:muscle tissue
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:because of a
1317:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:fluorocitrate
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:fluoroacetate
1212:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:fluorocitrate
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:fluoroacetate
1143:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1064:
1045:
1041:
1027:
1012:
997:
974:
951:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:(KF) and the
908:
905:
904:
903:
895:
892:
888:
884:
879:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
852:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
832:
820:
813:
810:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
779:
773:
767:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
735:
730:
729:
724:
720:
716:
707:
706:
702:
698:
694:
692:
689:
688:
570:
567:
563:
562:
536:
533:
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
515:
514:
510:
505:
500:
495:
491:
488:
484:
483:
479:
477:
472:
468:
463:
462:
458:
457:
452:
447:
443:
440:
436:
435:
431:
429:
428:Boiling point
426:
425:
421:
419:
418:Melting point
416:
415:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
397:
390:
388:
385:
384:
366:
363:
359:
358:
353:
344:
343:
340:
333:
319:
318:
315:
308:
300:
296:
295:DTXSID3073185
292:
291:
289:
279:
275:
274:
267:
263:
262:
260:
258:
255:
254:
247:
243:
242:
240:
234:
230:
229:
222:
221:
219:
217:
212:
211:
207:
203:
200:
198:
196:ECHA InfoCard
193:
192:
185:
181:
180:
178:
176:
173:
172:
165:
161:
160:
158:
154:
149:
148:
141:
137:
136:
134:
131:
127:
126:
121:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
90:
86:
81:
75:
65:
55:
45:
34:
29:
25:
20:
4462:
4280:
4251:Bromocamphor
4212:barbiturates
4083:Allylglycine
3949:Cloflubicyne
3790:
3765:Tetrodotoxin
3715:Grayanotoxin
3499:Bromoacetone
3489:Thiophosgene
3444:Mace (spray)
3438:Pepper spray
3423:Lachrymatory
3408:Fluphenazine
3403:Procarbazine
3313:Sleeping gas
3161:Chloropicrin
3072:Nitric oxide
2974:Chloropicrin
2918:Cloflubicyne
2881:Oxotremorine
2830:Antillatoxin
2809:Tetrodotoxin
2758:Bungarotoxin
2654:Nitromethane
2616:Formaldoxime
2555:Cyclohexanol
2520:Acetonitrile
2267:GV (EA-5365)
2089:Nerve agents
1892:Lactonitrile
1802:Blood agents
1791:riot control
1704:
1701:J. Chem. Soc
1700:
1694:
1659:
1655:
1540:(7): 460–2.
1537:
1533:
1482:
1475:
1466:
1454:
1445:
1424:chromophores
1421:
1412:
1374:
1359:
1346:blood plasma
1339:
1332:
1327:
1293:-transferase
1290:
1289:glutathione-
1285:metabolizing
1271:
1208:
1159:
1095:nucleophiles
1088:
1084:
1073:
901:
887:World War II
880:
863:by reacting
858:
850:
793:
789:
788:
700:
523:
475:
465:Main hazards
454:
123:Identifiers
100:Other names
4682:Convulsants
4210:Convulsant
4186:Kainic acid
4181:Domoic acid
4137:Coriamyrtin
4108:Pentaborane
4098:Ginkgotoxin
3954:Coriamyrtin
3911:Bicuculline
3904:antagonists
3894:Convulsants
3775:Veratridine
3750:Shiga toxin
3705:Domoic acid
3568:Thioacetone
3534:Iodoacetone
3398:Pentazocine
3393:Sevoflurane
3358:CAR-302,668
3353:CAR-302,282
3348:CAR-302,196
3343:CAR-301,060
3338:CAR-226,086
3318:Carfentanil
3216:Apomorphine
3137:Green Cross
2928:Domoic acid
2739:Neurotoxins
2659:OPA mixture
2550:Chlorosoman
2545:Chlorosarin
2479:Phospholine
2178:Crotylsarin
2163:Fluorotabun
2135:Chlorosoman
2117:Chlorosarin
1366:convulsions
1221:, but also
842:rodenticide
715:median dose
701:Lethal dose
691:Flash point
518:Signal word
459:(OHS/OSH):
399:Appearance
355:Properties
202:100.006.563
4666:Categories
4152:Strychnine
4147:Picrotoxin
4142:Dendrobine
4093:Decaborane
4024:p-NCS-TBOB
4014:Picrotoxin
3974:Endosulfan
3725:Maitotoxin
3720:Guanitoxin
3700:Ciguatoxin
3695:Brevetoxin
3680:Anatoxin-a
3675:Aflatoxins
3588:Putrescine
3583:Cadaverine
3559:Malodorant
3383:Isoflurane
3368:Desflurane
3363:Benperidol
3308:Psilocybin
3303:PAVA spray
2985:Diphosgene
2938:Pulmonary/
2866:Picrotoxin
2825:Strychnine
2819:Brevetoxin
2803:Maitotoxin
2786:Guanitoxin
2780:Ciguatoxin
2747:Anatoxin-a
2680:Pinacolone
2513:Precursors
2474:Selenophos
2330:Carbamates
2246:Chinese VX
2152:Cyclosarin
2141:Ethylsarin
2112:Sarin (GB)
1963:Lewisite 3
1957:Lewisite 2
1926:Arsenicals
1509:References
1478:monoacetin
1432:photolysis
1398:picrotoxin
1390:strychnine
1362:convulsant
1277:Australian
1233:, and the
487:Pictograms
387:Molar mass
266:MO8U9H1FAS
175:ChemSpider
151:3D model (
130:CAS Number
4519:Fluenetil
4167:Glutamate
4103:Isoniazid
4088:Crimidine
4019:p-CN-TBOB
3989:Flurothyl
3944:Cicutoxin
3820:Plutonium
3770:Volkensin
3745:Saxitoxin
3735:Palytoxin
3660:Aconitine
3388:Halothane
3378:Bufotenin
3373:Enflurane
3293:Kolokol-1
3273:Pethidine
3247:Etoxadrol
3232:Etorphine
3228:(CS-4640)
3212:(CS-4030)
3170:glycerine
3117:Salcomine
2876:Tremorine
2814:Aconitine
2797:Palytoxin
2775:Ryanodine
2752:Saxitoxin
2489:Ro 3-0422
2260:GV agents
2123:Thiosarin
1852:Phosphine
1470:TCA cycle
1360:MFA is a
1342:half-life
1287:it using
1251:succinate
1247:aconitase
1235:testicles
1063:nitration
1026:acetamide
898:Synthesis
800:with the
676:P403+P235
672:P403+P233
664:P370+P378
656:P337+P313
652:P332+P313
632:P304+P340
624:P302+P352
620:P301+P310
478:labelling
346:COC(=O)CF
223:207-218-7
215:EC Number
4291:Thebaine
3994:Gabazine
3984:Fipronil
3829:Polonium
3730:Modeccin
3639:Acrolein
3604:Lewisite
3509:Acrolein
3333:CS-27349
3283:Ibogaine
3166:Litharge
3155:Adamsite
3132:Diborane
3122:Fluomine
3102:Ethenone
2997:Acrolein
2964:Fluorine
2958:Phosgene
2948:Chlorine
2348:EA-3887A
2320:C01-A042
2315:C01-A039
2310:C01-A035
2188:V-agents
2098:G-agents
1983:(EA-229)
1951:Lewisite
1810:Cyanogen
1739:148-161.
1721:18106001
1686:18866990
1487:See also
1457:antidote
1436:sunlight
1402:asphyxia
1394:leptazol
1386:nicotine
1356:Toxicity
1267:antidote
1201:fluoride
1152:to MFA.
1142:proteins
1106:halogens
1091:fluorine
999:[(CH
976:[(CH
953:[(CH
926:[(CH
911:catalyst
796:) is an
449:Hazards
140:453-18-9
74:Fluorine
54:Hydrogen
4697:Poisons
4271:MC-2973
4256:Camphor
4230:McN-481
4128:Glycine
4044:Thujone
3979:FG-7142
3578:Skatole
3573:Allicin
3288:EA-3834
3278:EA-3580
3268:EA-3443
3263:EA-3167
3258:EA-2148
3242:CS-4297
3237:EA-2092
3226:EA-4941
2953:Bromine
2591:EA-1224
2571:EA-1250
2484:R-16661
2459:EA-2613
2454:EA-2098
2449:EA-2054
2444:EA-2012
2413:3152 CT
2403:TL-1317
2398:TL-1299
2393:TL-1238
2363:EA-4056
2358:EA-3990
2353:EA-3966
2343:EA-3887
2241:EA-1763
2201:EA-3148
2196:EA-2192
2173:EA-4352
2168:EA-1356
1902:Stibine
1677:1509813
1562:4711243
1542:Bibcode
1316:cleaved
1273:Mammals
1223:kidneys
1174:citrate
1015:HCON(CH
915:solvent
885:during
855:History
381:
233:PubChem
4615:Nissol
4569:TL-821
4564:TL-790
3796:Napalm
3561:agents
3425:agents
3328:JB-336
3323:JB-318
3298:LSD-25
3254:(DMHP)
3202:agents
2861:A-8564
2821:(PbTX)
2771:(TeNT)
2388:TL-599
2378:T-1194
2373:T-1152
2368:T-1123
2137:(ClGD)
2119:(ClGB)
2030:TL-301
1832:Arsine
1719:
1684:
1674:
1629:15-26.
1560:
1324:carbon
1307:. The
1229:, the
1189:enzyme
1024:) and
891:poison
831:methyl
524:Danger
392:92.069
339:SMILES
114:TL-551
111:T-1202
83:Names
72:
70:
64:Oxygen
62:
60:
52:
50:
44:Carbon
42:
40:
4624:Other
4261:FAZ-4
4239:Other
4157:Tutin
4054:Tutin
3928:IPTBO
3784:Other
3740:Ricin
3655:Abrin
3614:KB-16
2901:IPTBO
2832:(ATX)
2805:(MTX)
2799:(PTX)
2788:(GTX)
2782:(CTX)
2765:(BTX)
2621:Nital
2427:Other
2305:A-262
2300:A-242
2295:A-234
2290:A-232
2285:A-208
2129:Soman
2125:(SGB)
2106:Tabun
2065:KB-16
2058:Other
1530:(PDF)
1301:alkyl
1263:FADH2
1239:brain
1231:heart
1227:lungs
1219:liver
1204:anion
1191:in a
1176:, by
1138:group
1076:ester
994:, or
875:with
867:with
834:ester
314:InChI
153:JSmol
4336:and
4225:DMBB
4220:CHEB
4191:NMDA
4176:AMPA
4064:GABA
4034:TBOB
3969:EBOB
3964:DMCM
3934:BIDN
3924:TBPO
3920:TBPS
3822:and
3440:(OC)
3157:(DM)
2987:(DP)
2976:(PS)
2960:(CG)
2911:TBPS
2906:TBPO
2754:(TZ)
2676:(TH)
2645:(DF)
2639:(SW)
2633:(TB)
2606:DMHP
2586:DEHP
2576:DIHP
2567:(KB)
2504:MSPI
2154:(GF)
2143:(GE)
2131:(GD)
2108:(GA)
2050:(CX)
1997:CEES
1965:(L3)
1959:(L2)
1947:(PD)
1941:(MD)
1935:(ED)
1828:(AC)
1822:(CK)
1717:PMID
1682:PMID
1558:PMID
1416:mmHg
1312:bond
1299:and
1297:aryl
1259:NADH
1206:and
1102:bond
1047:ClCH
1034:CONH
1007:N]Cl
992:N]Br
969:N]Cl
946:N]Cl
938:)(CH
684:P501
680:P405
668:P391
660:P362
648:P330
644:P321
640:P312
616:P280
612:P273
608:P271
604:P270
600:P264
596:P261
592:P243
588:P242
584:P241
580:P240
576:P233
572:P210
558:H400
554:H335
550:H319
546:H315
542:H300
538:H226
408:Odor
257:UNII
246:9959
184:9565
105:AF-1
4029:RDX
3464:CNS
2993:(Z)
2535:AlP
2530:ATO
2025:HN3
2020:HN2
2015:HN1
1953:(L)
1709:doi
1672:PMC
1664:doi
1616:55.
1550:doi
1434:by
1322:of
1314:is
1310:C−F
1164:by
1140:of
1136:−SH
1100:C−F
1093:by
1078:of
980:(CH
957:(CH
930:(CH
836:of
794:MFA
476:GHS
368:FCH
283:EPA
236:CID
108:MFA
76:, F
66:, O
56:, H
46:, C
4668::
3926:,
3922:,
3609:CX
3459:CR
3454:CS
3449:CN
3210:BZ
2725:TG
2720:TC
2695:QL
2581:ZS
2525:AT
2236:VX
2231:VS
2226:VR
2221:VP
2216:VM
2211:VG
2206:VE
2158:GP
2147:GH
1729:^
1715:.
1705:70
1703:.
1680:.
1670:.
1658:.
1654:.
1634:^
1621:^
1606:^
1594:^
1570:^
1556:.
1548:.
1538:50
1536:.
1532:.
1517:^
1438:.
1428:nm
1396:,
1392:,
1388:,
1380:50
1378:LD
1372:.
1352:.
1337:.
1269:.
1261:,
1225:,
1124:C−
1122:,
1119:Br
1117:C−
1115:,
1112:Cl
1110:C−
1082:.
1055:CH
1051:CO
1030:CH
971:,
948:,
936:11
848:.
824:CH
711:50
709:LD
682:,
678:,
674:,
670:,
666:,
662:,
658:,
654:,
650:,
646:,
642:,
638:,
634:,
630:,
626:,
622:,
618:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
602:,
598:,
594:,
590:,
586:,
582:,
578:,
574:,
556:,
552:,
548:,
544:,
540:,
480::
376:CH
372:CO
4325:e
4318:t
4311:v
3930:)
3918:(
3886:e
3879:t
3872:v
3168:-
1992:Q
1987:T
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
1723:.
1711::
1688:.
1666::
1660:3
1564:.
1552::
1544::
1333:S
1328:S
1291:S
1209:S
1126:I
1108:(
1057:3
1053:2
1049:2
1036:2
1032:3
1028:(
1021:2
1019:)
1017:3
1013:(
1005:4
1003:)
1001:3
990:4
988:)
986:3
984:)
982:2
978:3
967:4
965:)
963:3
961:)
959:2
955:3
944:3
942:)
940:3
934:)
932:2
928:3
826:3
822:2
819:O
817:C
815:2
812:H
809:C
806:F
792:(
717:)
713:(
378:3
374:2
370:2
285:)
281:(
155:)
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