Maurice Gamelin - Knowledge

542:. The French alliances in Eastern Europe were the defensive alliances signed with Poland in 1921, Czechoslovakia in 1924, Romania in 1926 and Yugoslavia in 1927. At the time, the alliances were signed, the French occupied the Rhineland, which formed a natural defensive barrier with its hilly countryside and the wide Rhine river; beyond the Rhineland was the wide open North German plain. With the Rhineland occupied, the French were in a strong position to launch an offensive onto the north German plain. In 1928, the French agreed to end their occupation of the Rhine in June 1930, which was five years earlier than the Treaty of Versailles called for. Without the "collateral" of the Rhineland, France was less able to enforce the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, which the Germans always made clear they did not accept, and in a tacit admission that the Rhineland was going to be remilitarised in the near-future, in 1929 the French decided to build the Maginot line along the Franco-German and Franco-Luxembourg borders. The defensive stance implied by the construction of the Maginot line contradicted with the promises of an offensive into western Germany should any of France's Eastern European allies be attacked by the 568:

allies in Eastern Europe via Italy, and as a way to concentrate forces against Germany by transferring forces from the Franco-Italian border and from the border of French protectorate of Tunisia with the Italian colony of Libya. The Abyssinia crisis of 1935-1936 shattered Gamelin's hopes for a Franco-Italian alliance as Britain insisted on having the League of Nations impose sanctions on Italy. Faced with a choice between Italy and Britain, Gamelin advised the government to chose Britain, saying that the help of Italy would be "valuable" to France, but the help of Britain would be "essential". The French reluctantly joined the sanctions on Italy, which strained Franco-Italian relations through the French delegation in Geneva was able to prevent the League from imposing oil sanctions by threatening a veto. Badoglio, whom Gamelin was friendly with, sent him a series of telegrams saying he was still committed to an alliance with France and promised that he would resign rather than wage war on France.

685:, tended to equate quantity with quality, and failed to understand that the long years of neglect caused by the limited liability doctrine left the British Army short of equipment and trainers for the proposed 33 division force. In his talks with Lord Gort, the chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) in the spring and summer of 1939, Gamelin was far more concerned about what help the British Army could offer France in 1939 instead of waiting for 1941 when the "big Belisha army" was expected to be ready to be sent to France. Gamelin pressed Gort to send to France all of the forces in the United Kingdom, namely 5 divisions of British regulars plus four divisions from the Territorial Army. In his talks with Gamelin, Gort was acutely embarrassed by the relatively small number of British Army divisions to be committed against Germany as compared to the French Army, and as a result Gort was deferential to Gamelin whose forces under his command vastly outnumberd his own. 646:. Because of the nature of the land on the Franco-Belgian border, it would have been more expensive to extend the Maginot line along the Franco-Belgian than it was to build it along the Franco-German border despite the greater length of the Franco-German frontiers. Besides for the cost, Gamelin argued it would be cheaper and better to spend the money on modern tanks and artillery for a "forward defense" in Belgium. In his plans for a "forward defense", Gamelin expected the main German blow to come on the flat, open plains of Belgium and saw the Ardennes forest as an area of secondary importance. In 1937, Gamelin wrote the "experience of past wars" showed "the Ardennes has never favored operations". The French defenses along the Meuse river area consisted of a series of blockhouses spread out over the countryside, and Gamelin assigned only second-class divisions to defend the Ardennes area. 183: 755:, most of whose fighter aircraft was known to be obsolete, which left France very exposed to Luftwaffe bombing attacks. Compounding the issue was that the Royal Air Force was known to have much technologically sophisticated fighters capable of taking on the Luftwaffe, but the British assumed that that the United Kingdom alone would be the object of a Luftwaffe strategical bombing offensive. In the fall of 1939, the RAF committed four squadrons of fighters and four squadrons of bombers to France, which remained under the direct control of the Air Ministry in London as even Lord Gort, the commander of the British Expeditionary Force had no say in the management of the RAF forces in France. The French mobilisation had called up many essential workers, which disrupted vital French industries in the first weeks of the campaign. 597:. Gamelin argued that Germany's population outnumbered the population of France, but if France's eastern allies were included, the Allies would have a numerical superiority, leading him to argue that France needed a tighter alliance with Poland and must rebuild relations with Italy. For the same reason, Gamelin argued that on strategical grounds that France needed Italy as an ally, and argued that the ill will by the Abyssinia crisis should not be an issue in future Franco-Italian relations. A major issue for France was that Germany's population was three times as larger, making France very dependent upon soldiers recruited in the Maghreb region to even the odds. To move troops from the Maghreb in turn require command of the western 747:, a German staff officer on the Western Front, if France had attacked in September 1939 German forces could not have held out for more than one or two weeks. Gamelin ordered his troops back behind the Maginot Line, but only after telling France's ally, Poland, that France had broken the Siegfried Line and that help was on its way . Before the war, he had expected the Polish Army to hold out against Germany for six months. Gamelin's long-term strategy was to wait until France had fully rearmed and for the British and French armies to build up their forces, even though this would mean waiting until 1941 . He prohibited any bombing of the industrial areas of the 580:, had spoken of his wish to push military spending down to the lowest possible point, and the prospect of Blum becoming premier was greeted with a barely veiled dismay in the officer corps. Gamelin was very strict in applying that policy that officers were to express their opinions of the new government. At his first meeting with Blum, Gamelin expressed his willingness to serve the new government while also arguing for greater defense spending. In private, Gamelin disliked Blum whom he called a "bogus or sham intellectual" while Blum said of Gamelin that he was "intelligent, but limited. Despite expectations, Gamelin had an excellent working relationship with 657:, a number of French diplomats in direct defiance of Bonnet wanted to create an alliance designed to deter Germany from war that would consist of France, Great Britain, Poland, the Soviet Union, Romania, Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey. Daladier privately thought that the German claim to the Free City of Danzig (modern Gdańsk) was a strong one, and the only reason why he backed the Polish position that there be no change in the status of the Free City was his desire to "restructure" the Franco-Polish alliance to bring it into part of a broader alliance system. The Polish Foreign Minister, Colonel 7578: 826:, many Allied aircraft were attacked while still on the ground. The rest of the air support was concentrated on the French advance, rather than attacking the exposed 150 km (93 mi) column supplying the German advance. Quickly, the French and the British became fearful of being outflanked and they withdrew from the defensive lines drawn up across Belgium. They did not pull back fast enough to prevent them being outflanked by the German Panzer divisions. 933: 830: 7644: 33: 673:

rearmament. The limited liability doctrine gave first priority in terms of defense funding to the Royal Air Force (RAF), second to the Royal Navy and third to the British Army. Gamelin stated that the British offer in late 1938 to sent to France 2 British Army divisions along with 10 squadrons of RAF fighters was totally inadequate and would force the French Army to do the vast bulk of the fighting in a conflict with the

7627: 681:, Gamelin argued that he needed Britain to make what the British called the "continental commitment" (i.e sent a large expeditionary force to France)." The introduction of peacetime conscription in the United Kingdom along with a doubling in the size of the Territorial Army (the British reserves) in April 1939 offered up the prospect of the United Kingdom sending 33 divisions to France. The War Secretary, 677:. Gamelin wrote to Daladier on 3 December 1938 that main issue was : "whether France wishes to remain a great power, indeed whether or not she wants to succumb sooner or later to the Nazi yoke." Gamelin predicated that another war with Germany was inevitable and he planned to wage an "extended war of attrition on which will hinge the whole world's fate". To win against the 763:

as widely assumed, and the British ministers at the Supreme Allied Council led by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain argued an expedition to the Balkans (an area that Italy had designs upon) might lead to Italy entering the war after all. Gamelin also reserved himself on the new Salonika front for much the same reason, that he still had hopes of keeping Italy neutral. However,

692:("war of the long duration") was based on the assumption that France would have a strong Eastern European ally, preferably the Soviet Union, to divert German forces east. After the German-Soviet non-aggression pact on 23 August 1939 shattered that assumption, and Gamelin fell back to an alternative eastern strategy of reviving the Salonika front. Gamelin gave orders for the 882:

kept advancing quickly as well, also against orders. General Guderian's 19th Panzer Corps south of Rommel reached the English Channel to the west of the Allied forces and attacked up the coast, enveloping the French and British forces that had been sent into Belgium. The French and English forces had

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The Maginot line covered France's borders with Germany and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, but did not cover the Franco-Belgian border as Belgium was a French ally when the construction on the line started in 1930. The French general staff had always planned to move forces into Belgium in the event of

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to be stationed in the Belfort area in the event of an attack by Germany on France and for a French corps to go to north-eastern Italy to join the Italian forces on the Brenner Pass on the Austrian-Italian border. Gamelin saw the Rome convention as a possible means for French forces to reach France's

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Despite the end of the Franco-Belgian alliance, Gamelin was still committed to a "forward defense" in Belgium as the best way to defend France. Daladier personally favored extending the Maginot line along the Belgian border to create a "fortress France", but the cost of doing so was daunting, namely

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cutting the sea-lanes to Algeria. Gamelin was opposed to Darlan's plans, arguing that it was better to seek a diplomatic rapprochement with Italy designed to win make Italy into a French ally rather than engage in a costly naval arms races with the Italians, which he noted would take away money from

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won the 1936 elections, Gamelin insisted upon a "correct" response to the election, saying that the Army was apolitical and was to respect the will of the voters, a policy that required considerable courage to enforce in the view of the right-wing views of much of the officer corps. The new premier,

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for reasons that had much to do with his ego as strategy, insisted on pressing for a new Salonika front in the winter of 1939-1940, saying that he could land 4 or 5 divisions in Greece, which become the nucleus of a force of 15 divisions.. Weygand won over Daladier to his viewpoint, and in November

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to Greece in the first weeks of September 1939. However, at a meeting at the Supreme Allied Council on 22 September 1939, the French plan for a revived Salonika front met with fierce opposition from the British. Italy had unexpectedly declared neutrality instead of entering the war on the Axis side

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declared his country's neutrality and renounced the alliance with France. The end of the Franco-Belgian alliance was the end of Franco-Belgian staff talks, which complicated Gamelin's efforts to plan for the expected German offensive into Belgium. The Popular Front government had just approved of a

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Despite reports of the build-up of German forces, and even knowing the date of the planned German attack, Gamelin did nothing until May 1940, stating that he would "await events". Then, when the Germans attacked, Gamelin insisted on moving 40 of his best divisions, including the BEF, northwards to

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who served as the Defense minister under Blum. Gamelin submitted to Daladier a four year plan for military modernisation that was budgeted at 9 billion francs, which Daladier rejected it out of hand as too far low and added an extra 5 billion francs. In what was described as a highly "emotional"

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Gamelin's vision for France's defence was based upon a static defence along the Franco-German border, which was reinforced by the Maginot Line. However, the Line did not extend along the Belgian frontier. During the winter of 1939–40, which was one of the coldest of the 20th century, work on the

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The same demographic weaknesses that made France dependent upon Algerian soldiers also made France dependent upon help from the United Kingdom in order to face the Wehrmacht on more even terms. Gamelin was very strongly opposed to the British limited liability doctrine, which governed British

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was lost due to German air attacks and mechanical failure. The French and British could no longer launch a counterattack spearheaded by tanks and thus break out of the encirclement. The speed of this advance, German air supremacy, and the inability of the British and French to counter-attack

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on 7 March 1936 allowed Germany to fortify the Franco-German border, which put an end to any realistic hope of a French offensive into western Germany as the Germans started to build what they called the West Wall and what was known in the English-speaking world as the Siegfried line. The

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major programme to modernise the French Army by committing 14 billion francs, and Gamelin did not wish to antagonise Blum by asking for billions of more francs to extend the Maginot line along the Franco-Belgian border as he knew that Blum in his heart deeply disliked military spending.

653:, who wanted to renounce the alliance with Poland. Gamelin insisted that the alliance with Poland brought France strategical benefits and contra Bonnet urged Daladier to "restructure" the Polish alliance to move Poland closer to France. Led by the Secretary-General at the Quai d'Orsay, 299:

at the start of World War II, Gamelin was viewed as a man with significant intellectual ability. He was respected, even in Germany, for his intelligence and "subtle mind", though he was viewed by some German generals as stiff and predictable. Despite this, and his competent service in

405:, and later a general in the early days of World War I, noted Gamelin as an intelligent, cultivated, and industrious young officer, bound to earn higher functions in the future. Gamelin joined the staff of the 15th Army Corps before commanding a company of the 15th battalion of the 593:

remilitarisation of the Rhineland led to Gamelin to place increasingly emphasis on maintaining the French alliances in Eastern Europe as he argued that France could not mount an offensive while Germany could, thus requiring allies in Eastern Europe to distract the

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supported Gamelin throughout his career, owing to Gamelin's refusal to allow politics to play a part in military planning and promotion, and his commitment to the republican model of government; this was not a trivial matter at a time when

815:(BEF) to this strategy. Such a strategy also meant that the most of the French Army would leave its one-year-old prepared defensive positions in northern France to be committed to joining battle on an unknown Belgian defensive line. 866:

had been left intact and was only lightly defended. It was thus quickly captured and exploited by the Germans. Meanwhile, French guns were ordered to limit their firing in case they ran out of ammunition. German Colonel-General

661:, was a man whom French decision-makers greatly disliked and distrusted, as Beck had the reputation of an opportunist who drove very hard bargains. Gamelin did not intend to launch an offensive into western Germany should the 700:

on 25 August 1939 to open up an alternative eastern front in the Balkans. At the outbreak of the war in September 1939, Gamelin was considered one of the best commanding generals in Europe, and was respected even among the

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had tried to outflank a series of forts in eastern France by invading Belgium in 1914. Gamelin had continued this tradition by planning for a "forward defense" in Belgium in the event of war. On 14 October 1936, King

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disregarded his orders, and attacked aggressively on this front. In response, Gamelin withdrew forces in this area so that they could defend Paris, thinking this was the Germans' objective, rather than the coast.

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interview with Blum, Daladier was able to impress upon the premier the need to accept greater defense spending as less as he had promised during the election, and to accept the 14 billion franc plan.

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as impenetrable and chose to defend it with only ten reserve divisions and few fortifications. Much of the French army was posted further northwest along the Belgian frontier. According to General

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extension of the Line along the Belgian frontier was slow and not of the same quality as the original defences. Gamelin, along with many other members of the French High Command, saw the

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Alexander, Martin S. (Winter 1996). "'Fighting to the Last Frenchman' ? Reflections on the BEF Deployment to France and the Strains in the Franco-British Alliance, 1939-40".

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undermined the overall Allied position to such a degree that Britain abandoned the conflict on the continent. 338,226 men (including 120,000 French soldiers) withdrew across the

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retreated south but were cut off from escape by the German encirclement. In moving from France to Belgium and then back to France, a substantial amount of the Allied

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advocated a naval construction programe designed to make the French Mediterranean Fleet the dominant fleet in that sea in order to end any possibility of the

6461: 5824: 5133: 4758: 4098: 3825: 3517: 2482: 280:; 20 September 1872 – 18 April 1958) was a French general. He is remembered for his disastrous command (until 17 May 1940) of the French military during the 5474: 5420: 4606: 4205: 2033: 799:

Gamelin's own views had changed from a purely defensive strategy relying on the Maginot Line. French strategists predicted a German drive across northern

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in World War I. He is often credited with being responsible for devising the outline of the French counter-attack in 1914 which led to victory during the

5931: 5427: 5043: 4113: 3868: 1061:. Gamelin refused to answer the charges against him, instead maintaining silence, and the entire proceeding collapsed. Imprisoned by the Vichy regime in 811:, fitted with Belgian defensive plans and also with British objectives. Gamelin committed much of the motorised forces of the French Army and the entire 4453: 4108: 3798: 3749: 3664: 5817: 5264: 5140: 3952: 7734: 5117: 4497: 634:

15 billion francs on top of the 7 billion francs that had already been spent building the Maginot line. The water-logged, low-lying lands between

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in 1906, which critics praised, predicting he would become an important military thinker in the near future. He then became an attaché to General

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in 1859. From an early age Gamelin showed potential as a soldier, growing up in a generation seeking revenge on Germany for the annexation of

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would have been extremely expensive to extend the Maginot line into and likewise the same was true of the heavily industrialised area around

483:, he showed sophisticated tactical skills by gaining ground without losing lives needlessly (which had been atypical earlier in the war, see 5880: 7694: 6258: 6114: 6098: 6070: 5318: 4525: 3853: 3783: 3422: 2641: 2552: 319:. In 1933 Gamelin rose to command the French Army and oversaw a modernisation and mechanisation programme, including the completion of the 7739: 7015: 6082: 5994: 5938: 5901: 5183: 3877: 2775: 2229: 720: 446: 7724: 5987: 4719: 2452: 812: 164: 7493: 6121: 4511: 4469: 2782: 7709: 7342: 5161: 4935: 4698: 4564: 4375: 2434: 4103: 375: 6237: 6034: 5071: 4571: 4483: 4419: 4035: 3873: 3860: 3817: 3726: 3452: 3261: 3168: 3070: 2828: 2475: 7684: 6440: 5952: 4802: 4340: 4227: 4217: 4085: 875:

Believing that he had been betrayed rather than blaming his own strategy, Gamelin then sacked 20 of his front line commanders.

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and its remilitarisation. The foundation stone of France's diplomacy was the alliance system in Eastern Europe, the so-called

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mobilization plan was to at least treble their force, but lacked intelligence on the armament plan, the militia plan, or the

977: 7269: 6676: 6562: 5727: 5194: 5190: 5168: 4772: 4174: 3594: 2386: 2088: 304:, his command of the French armies during the critical days of May 1940 proved to be disastrous. Historian and journalist 7615: 7184: 6648: 5980: 5966: 5179: 3945: 2904: 2409: 308:

presented the view that Gamelin used World War I methods to fight World War II, but with less vigor and slower response.

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the French Army. Daladier and Blum ignored Gamelin and embraced Darlan's plans for a stronger Mediterranean fleet.

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war as it was widely expected that Germany would try to outflank the Maginot line by invading Belgium, as had the

520:. He prepared France's military until the beginning of World War II, although challenged by restricted funding (→ 7070: 6911: 6900: 6736: 6495: 6454: 6347: 6285: 5672: 4942: 4811: 4779: 4270: 4075: 4055: 3842: 3778: 3601: 3470: 2381: 2301: 2239: 991: 5459: 5027: 2942: 475:

in April 1916, and with good results on the battlefield was further promoted within eight months to the rank of

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Imlay, Talbot Charles (April 2004). "A Reassessment of Anglo-French Strategy during the Phony War, 1939-1940".

1222: 958: 389:. He then joined the topographic brigade. When Gamelin came back to Paris in 1897, he entered the prestigious 7633: 7516: 7449: 7400: 7331: 7156: 6662: 6613: 6377: 6370: 5973: 5734: 5525: 4578: 4045: 4040: 4004: 3938: 3830: 3676: 3266: 3118: 2656: 2584: 2515: 2284: 2254: 2249: 2034:"Le général Gamelin succède au général Weygand comme généralissime tout en restant chef d'état-major général" 843: 386: 973: 479:. He commanded the French 11th Infantry Division from April 1917 until the end of the war. In the region of 7590: 7486: 6861: 6822: 5741: 5576: 5561: 5488: 5467: 5285: 4963: 4749: 4742: 4726: 4437: 4396: 4368: 3994: 3621: 3561: 3458: 3363: 3133: 2919: 2623: 2462: 2361: 744: 2074: 1133: 1106: 7553: 6877: 6829: 6447: 6419: 6272: 5887: 5866: 5387: 5050: 4956: 4446: 4232: 3669: 3654: 3512: 3464: 3236: 2787: 2661: 2574: 2569: 2338: 2326: 2321: 2084: 537: 431: 2848: 1980:

Alexander, Martin S. (1991). "Maurice Gamelin and the defeat of France, 1939–40". In Bond, Brian (ed.).

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aerial bombardment. Although almost all the crossings over the Meuse were destroyed by the French, one

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Gamelin was keen to open up a second front in the Balkans, and made extensive preparations to move the

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from 1919 to 1931, when he was named head of the general staff of the French Army. In 1932 he knew the

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Stafford, P. R (February 1984). "The French Government and the Danzig Crisis: The Italian Dimension".

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of Fascist Italy, whose foreign policy was becoming increasingly pro-German and anti-French. Admiral

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in 1918). These positions provided Gamelin with a solid knowledge of strategic and tactical warfare.

316: 5020: 3108: 426:, as he led the French forces during World War I). This position had been obtained with the help of 7704: 6992: 6969: 6221: 6022: 6015: 5679: 5339: 5311: 5304: 4691: 4129: 3616: 3606: 3535: 3488: 3476: 3416: 3231: 3226: 3148: 2557: 2530: 2234: 943: 780:. Gamelin was strongly opposed to the Daladier-Weygand plan for an expedition to the Balkans. 5036: 5013: 2093: 354:

Maurice Gamelin was born in Paris on 20 September 1872. Gamelin's father, Zéphyrin, fought in the

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Salerno, Reynolds M. (February 1997). "The French Navy and the Appeasement of Italy, 1937-9".

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The Republic in Danger: General Maurice Gamelin and the Politics of French Defence, 1933–1940

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The Republic in Danger: General Maurice Gamelin and the Politics of French Defence, 1933–1940

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In the winter of 1938-1939, Gamelin came into increasing conflict with the Foreign Minister,

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tried Gamelin for treason along with other important political and military figures of the

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commander, France had more and better tanks than Germany, but chose to disperse them.

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as Prime Minister in March. The 67-year-old Gamelin was replaced by the 73-year-old

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and finished second of his class of about eighty of the best future officers in the

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The Dutch surrendered within five days of being attacked, the Belgians in 18 days (

654: 554: 451:). Early in the war, Gamelin helped draft the plans that led to the victory at the 438: 407: 398: 281: 251: 4622: 919:, who crucially delayed planned counter-attacks before eventually launching them. 665:

invade Poland, but he encouraged Daladier's line of standing by Poland during the

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in 1904. He received the applause of his superiors for his diligence at manœuvre.

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with a few other French high officials. He was freed from the castle after the

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against Bonnet as he maintained that France needed the Polish alliance.

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From 1919 to 1924, Gamelin was the head of the French military mission in

445:. However, in March 1914 he joined Joffre's general staff (1914–18 called 7221: 7207: 6869: 5545: 5366: 5351: 4705: 3754: 3659: 3357: 2792: 2213: 1074: 838: 804: 557:, Gamelin arrived in Rome in June 1935 to sign a convention with Marshal 529: 394: 301: 236: 199: 1891: 850:

The German wing that attacked further south was able to cross the River

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Gamelin volunteered for service on 19 October 1891 before entering the

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Fallen Stars. Eleven Studies of Twentieth Century Military Disaster

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In 1911, Gamelin was given command of the 11th battalion of the

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Gamelin was both preceded and succeeded as Général d'armée by

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Cry Havoc How the Arms Race Drove the World to War, 1931-1941

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on 31 October. In 1893, he graduated first in his class.

1842:

France and the Coming of the Second World War, 1936-1939

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in 1939, Gamelin was France's commander in chief, with

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Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

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Gamelin died in Paris in April 1958 at the age of 85.

878:

Further north, the German forces led by Major-General

508:. He was the commander of the 30th Military Region in 1428: 1357: 1814: 1790: 1735: 1711: 696:based in Syria to prepare to embark from Beirut to 1081:. After the war, he published his memoirs, titled 2011:French Generals of the Great War: Leading the Way 7661: 288:and his steadfast defence of republican values. 3159:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 1880:Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 1175: 1173: 1134:"Death certificate of Gamelin, Maurice Gustave" 1107:"Birth certificate of Gamelin, Maurice Gustave" 710: 2007: 1069:, he was later deported by the Germans to the 4334: 2198: 2157:as Vice President of the Superior War Council 7690:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni 2043:(in French). 19 January 1935. Archived from 2008:Krause, Jonathan; Philpott, William (2023). 1170: 3642: 1839: 1407: 1392: 1380: 1264: 1249: 1234: 961:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 922: 496:. He then commanded the French Army in the 4341: 4327: 2205: 2191: 2141:Vice President of the Superior War Council 1186:. Cambridge University Press. p. 13. 31: 2081:Newspaper clippings about Maurice Gamelin 1979: 1877: 1858: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1705: 1693: 1678: 1661: 1590: 1575: 1563: 1551: 1536: 1524: 1509: 1497: 1485: 1473: 1461: 1351: 1334: 1322: 1310: 1298: 1281: 1179: 1025:Learn how and when to remove this message 524:) and by the political inertia regarding 3441:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 2131:as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army 1959: 1863:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1644: 1632: 1617: 1602: 1180:Alexander, Martin S. (1 November 2003). 854:faster than anticipated, aided by heavy 828: 179: 148:Zéphyrin Auguste Joseph Gamelin (father) 7735:Prisoners and detainees of Vichy France 3818:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 2054: 1998: 1938: 1449: 1434: 1422: 67:10 February 1931 – 20 May 1940 7730:19th-century French military personnel 7680:Chiefs of the Staff of the French Army 7662: 6188: 6166:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 1919: 1368: 731:. France saw little action during the 311:Gamelin served with distinction under 7037:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 6469:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 6115:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 6071:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 5176:Rape during the occupation of Germany 4322: 3771:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 3114:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 2186: 2165:Commander-in-Chief of the French Army 1898: 1823: 1808: 1796: 1748: 1729: 1717: 549:Following the Rome accords signed by 416:Philosophical Study on the Art of War 275: 7700:French Army generals of World War II 7616: 6159:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 5191:Rape during the liberation of France 4175:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 959:adding citations to reliable sources 926: 342:on the right were openly advocating 7695:French Army generals of World War I 4104:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 2905:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 2145:21 January 1935 - 2 September 1939 2121:9 February 1931 - 2 September 1939 1132:Government of the French Republic. 1105:Government of the French Republic. 601:, which could be challenged by the 13: 7740:Prisoners and detainees of Germany 6385:German invasion of the Netherlands 4665:Weather events during World War II 2844:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 1973: 1164:The Collapse of the Third Republic 369: 14: 7751: 7725:People of the Great Syrian Revolt 7016:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 2117:Chief of Staff of the French Army 2068: 862:60 km (37 mi) north of 590:Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 7642: 7625: 7576: 4348: 3207:Second Battle of the Piave River 2829:Russian invasion of East Prussia 2169:2 September 1939 - 11 July 1940 1962:The International History Review 1844:. London: Taylor & Francis. 931: 401:, then second-in-command of the 181: 7710:French people imprisoned abroad 4271:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 3471:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 2212: 7263:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 4973:Territorial changes of Germany 4881:Indonesian National Revolution 4094:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 3953:Deportations from East Prussia 3750:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 1215:German Rearmament and the West 1207: 1152: 1125: 1098: 349: 1: 7685:Military personnel from Paris 6663:Japanese invasion of Thailand 6614:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 6378:German invasion of Luxembourg 4759:Mediterranean and Middle East 4005:Ukrainian Canadian internment 1901:The English Historical Review 1859:Alexander, Martin S. (1992). 1840:Adamthwaite, Anthony (1977). 1833: 1057:, and Robert Jacomet) in the 822:In the first few days of the 376:military academy at Saint-Cyr 151:Pauline Adèle Uhrich (mother) 38: 6570:Invasion of the Soviet Union 6259:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 5577:Independent State of Croatia 4160:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 3459:Estonian War of Independence 3134:Southern Palestine offensive 900:in mid-June, was cancelled. 711:Role in the Second World War 385:with the 3rd Regiment based 7: 7554:End of World War II in Asia 7394:Western invasion of Germany 6901:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 6878:Second Battle of El Alamein 6448:Hundred Regiments Offensive 6420:Battle of the Mediterranean 6273:Italian invasion of Albania 4447:Air warfare of World War II 4114:USA against Austria-Hungary 3513:Turkish War of Independence 3465:Latvian War of Independence 3197:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 2788:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 2085:20th Century Press Archives 1213:Bennett, Edward W. (1979). 813:British Expeditionary Force 277:[mɔʁisɡystavɡamlɛ̃] 10: 7756: 7480:Naval bombardment of Japan 6848:First Battle of El Alamein 6767:Battle of Christmas Island 6712:Japanese invasion of Burma 6476:Italian invasion of Greece 6392:German invasion of Belgium 6364:German invasion of Denmark 6337:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 6206:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 4470:Comparative military ranks 4197:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 3745:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 3212:Second Battle of the Marne 3099:Second battle of the Aisne 2968:Second Battle of Champagne 2809:German invasion of Belgium 819:conform to the Dyle Plan. 745:General Siegfried Westphal 522:Great Depression in France 403:École Supérieure de Guerre 391:École Supérieure de Guerre 90:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny 16:French general (1872–1958) 7720:Burials at Passy Cemetery 7569: 7401:Bratislava–Brno offensive 7341: 7332:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 7069: 6956:Allied invasion of Sicily 6910: 6816:Aleutian Islands campaign 6788:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 6735: 6726:Greek famine of 1941–1944 6621:Second Battle of Changsha 6526:German invasion of Greece 6494: 6371:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 6346: 6284: 6179: 6060: 5786: 5696: 5544: 5247: 5238: 4996: 4821: 4713:North and Central Pacific 4674: 4436: 4429: 4356: 4303: 4262: 4183: 4122: 4084: 4028: 4017: 3978:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 3921: 3893: 3841: 3763: 3737: 3689: 3582: 3575: 3507:Irish War of Independence 3403: 3285: 3257:Armistice of Villa Giusti 3242:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 3167: 3069: 2996: 2897: 2854:First Battle of the Marne 2801: 2763: 2698: 2689: 2632: 2506: 2495: 2461: 2433: 2395: 2347: 2300: 2293: 2220: 2171: 2162: 2149: 2138: 2123: 2114: 2106: 2101: 1999:Gamelin, Maurice (1946). 1941:English Historical Review 1924:. New York: Basic Books. 317:First Battle of the Marne 262: 229: 221: 213: 205: 195: 175: 170: 158: 141: 124: 104: 99: 95: 83: 71: 60: 52: 48: 30: 23: 6993:Allied invasion of Italy 6970:Solomon Islands campaign 6719:Third Battle of Changsha 6316:First Battle of Changsha 6222:Second Sino-Japanese War 5162:German military brothels 5028:United States war crimes 4130:Constantinople Agreement 3423:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 3286:Co-belligerent conflicts 3262:Second Romanian campaign 3232:Third Transjordan attack 2943:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 2849:Battle of Grand Couronné 2094:Generals of World War II 2055:Tissier, Pierre (1942). 1091: 923:After the Fall of France 165:École Spéciale Militaire 7415:Second Guangxi campaign 7270:Philippines (1944–1945) 6774:Battle of the Coral Sea 6677:Fall of the Philippines 6323:Battle of South Guangxi 6229:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 5635:Italian Social Republic 4193:Modus vivendi of Acroma 4145:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 3453:Greater Poland Uprising 3353:National Protection War 3237:Meuse–Argonne offensive 3187:German spring offensive 3182:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 2958:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 2933:Second Battle of Artois 2814:Battle of the Frontiers 1953:10.1093/ehr/CXII.445.66 1920:Maiolo, Joseph (2010). 1913:10.1093/ehr/119.481.333 1079:Battle for Castle Itter 905:"campagne des 18 jours" 767:, the commander of the 381:He began in the French 269:Maurice Gustave Gamelin 55:Chief of the Army Staff 7000:Armistice of Cassibile 6802:Battle of Dutch Harbor 6753:Battle of the Java Sea 6656:Attack on Pearl Harbor 6556:Syria–Lebanon campaign 6549:Battle of South Shanxi 6519:Invasion of Yugoslavia 6302:Battle of the Atlantic 5916:Korean Liberation Army 5629:(until September 1943) 5586:(until September 1944) 5564:(until September 1944) 4218:Paris Peace Conference 4206:Ukraine–Central Powers 4000:Massacres of Albanians 3968:Late Ottoman genocides 3775:Bulgarian occupations 3483:Third Anglo-Afghan War 3447:Hungarian–Romanian War 3272:Naval Victory Bulletin 3267:Armistice with Germany 3217:Hundred Days Offensive 3144:Battle of La Malmaison 3094:Second battle of Arras 3061:Battle of Transylvania 2915:Second Battle of Ypres 2783:Sarajevo assassination 2672:South African Republic 1085:(meaning "to serve"). 847: 772:1939 Daladier ordered 690:guerre de longue durée 448:Grand Quartier Général 7164:Second Battle of Guam 7060:Bengal famine of 1943 7030:Second Battle of Kiev 6986:Battle of the Dnieper 6691:Battle of Wake Island 6563:East African campaign 6505:Battle of South Henan 6150:atrocities by Germans 5923:Korean Volunteer Army 4904:Occupation of Germany 4658:Music in World War II 4228:Treaty of St. Germain 4201:Russia–Central Powers 4155:Sykes–Picot Agreement 3983:Pontic Greek genocide 3958:Destruction of Kalisz 3934:Eastern Mediterranean 3495:Polish–Lithuanian War 3277:Armistice of Belgrade 3247:Armistice of Salonica 3177:Operation Faustschlag 3124:Third Battle of Oituz 3046:Baranovichi offensive 3014:Lake Naroch offensive 2988:Battle of Robat Karim 2963:Vistula–Bug offensive 2938:Battles of the Isonzo 2869:First Battle of Ypres 1984:. London: Brassey's. 832: 455:. He was promoted to 273:French pronunciation: 225:51st Infantry Brigade 206:Years of service 7450:Surrender of Germany 6928:Battle of West Hubei 6885:Guadalcanal campaign 6855:Battle of Stalingrad 6781:Battle of Madagascar 5555:Albania protectorate 5342:(formerly Swaziland) 5051:Wehrmacht war crimes 4867:Expulsion of Germans 4651:Art and World War II 4549:British contribution 4498:Governments in exile 4223:Treaty of Versailles 3939:Mount Lebanon famine 3854:in the United States 3822:Russian occupations 3536:Turkish–Armenian War 3477:Polish–Ukrainian War 3417:Ukrainian–Soviet War 3364:Central Asian Revolt 3154:Armistice of Focșani 2884:Battle of Sarikamish 2834:Battle of Tannenberg 2230:Military engagements 955:improve this section 790:Hasso von Manteuffel 729:‘Blitzkrieg’ tactics 725:Château de Vincennes 7540:Potsdam Declaration 7429:Italy (Spring 1945) 7192:Liberation of Paris 6649:Siege of Sevastopol 5667:(until August 1944) 5570:Wang Jingwei regime 5392:from September 1943 5352:from September 1944 5290:from September 1944 5150:Romanian war crimes 5141:Persecution of Jews 5127:Croatian war crimes 5097:Japanese war crimes 4911:Occupation of Japan 4860:First Indochina War 4572:Military production 4484:Declarations of war 4290:They shall not pass 4213:Treaty of Bucharest 4170:Treaty of Bucharest 4109:USA against Germany 4086:Declarations of war 3790:German occupations 3703:British casualties 3562:Soviet–Georgian War 3489:Egyptian Revolution 3429:Armeno-Georgian War 3293:Somaliland campaign 3252:Armistice of Mudros 3129:Battle of Caporetto 3119:Battle of Mărășești 3089:Zimmermann telegram 3084:February Revolution 3029:Battle of the Somme 2953:Bug-Narew Offensive 2928:Battle of Gallipoli 2920:Sinking of the RMS 2712:Scramble for Africa 2706:Franco-Prussian War 2362:Sinai and Palestine 2016:Pen and Sword Books 1049:(Édouard Daladier, 911:, who had replaced 688:Much of the French 683:Leslie Hore-Belisha 453:Battle of the Marne 364:Franco-Prussian War 356:Battle of Solferino 297:French Armed Forces 242:Great Syrian Revolt 7533:Surrender of Japan 7366:Battle of Iwo Jima 7215:Belgrade offensive 6628:Siege of Leningrad 6512:Battle of Shanggao 6441:British Somaliland 6406:Dunkirk evacuation 6357:Norwegian campaign 6295:Invasion of Poland 6122:Japanese prisoners 5090:Italian war crimes 5021:British war crimes 4936:Soviet occupations 4720:South-West Pacific 4607:Allied cooperation 4565:Military equipment 4250:Treaty of Lausanne 4165:Paris Economy Pact 4099:UK against Germany 4029:Entry into the war 3995:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 3714:Ottoman casualties 3524:Franco-Turkish War 3404:Post-War conflicts 3388:Russian Revolution 3370:Invasion of Darfur 3335:Kelantan rebellion 3323:Kurdish rebellions 3299:Mexican Revolution 3139:October Revolution 3104:Kerensky offensive 3079:Capture of Baghdad 3056:Monastir offensive 3041:Brusilov offensive 2879:Battle of Kolubara 2718:Russo-Japanese War 2077:of General Gamelin 1811:, p. 339-340. 1787:, p. 238-239. 1763:, p. 237-238. 1732:, p. 337-338. 1578:, p. 199-200. 1566:, p. 197-198. 1539:, p. 196-198. 1476:, p. 173-174. 894:Dunkirk evacuation 848: 844:Divide and Conquer 526:German re-armament 486:Attaque à outrance 457:lieutenant colonel 362:at the end of the 293:Commander-in-chief 7607: 7606: 7565: 7564: 7408:Battle of Okinawa 7307:Burma (1944–1945) 7141:Mariana and Palau 6921:Tunisian campaign 6746:Fall of Singapore 6670:Fall of Hong Kong 6413:Battle of Britain 6266:Operation Himmler 6175: 6174: 5839:Dutch East Indies 5482:Southern Rhodesia 5234: 5233: 5134:Genocide of Serbs 5037:German war crimes 5014:Soviet war crimes 5007:Allied war crimes 4853:Division of Korea 4832:Chinese Civil War 4630:Strategic bombing 4542:Manhattan Project 4316: 4315: 4299: 4298: 4283:The Golden Virgin 4277:Mutilated victory 4258: 4257: 4238:Treaty of Trianon 4233:Treaty of Neuilly 4140:Damascus Protocol 4013: 4012: 3973:Armenian genocide 3930:Allied blockades 3902:Belgian refugees 3685: 3684: 3595:Strategic bombing 3571: 3570: 3556:Franco-Syrian War 3530:Greco-Turkish War 3518:Anglo-Turkish War 3501:Polish–Soviet War 3435:German Revolution 3411:Russian Civil War 3394:Finnish Civil War 3227:Battle of Megiddo 3202:Battle of Goychay 3149:Battle of Cambrai 3109:Battle of Mărăști 3024:Battle of Jutland 3004:Erzurum offensive 2859:Siege of Przemyśl 2839:Siege of Tsingtao 2824:Battle of Galicia 2754:Second Balkan War 2742:Italo-Turkish War 2699:Pre-War conflicts 2685: 2684: 2575:Portuguese Empire 2491: 2490: 2453:German New Guinea 2435:Asian and Pacific 2181: 2180: 2172:Succeeded by 2160: 2134: 2124:Succeeded by 2102:Military offices 1193:978-0-521-52429-2 1159:William L. Shirer 1035: 1034: 1027: 1009: 974:"Maurice Gamelin" 824:Battle of Belgium 599:Mediterranean Sea 477:brigadier general 467:and later on the 424:Marshal of France 306:William L. Shirer 266: 265: 115:20 September 1872 7747: 7655: 7647: 7646: 7645: 7638: 7630: 7629: 7628: 7618: 7600: 7593: 7586: 7583:World portal 7581: 7580: 7556: 7549: 7542: 7535: 7526: 7519: 7512: 7503: 7496: 7489: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7443:Prague offensive 7438: 7436:Battle of Berlin 7431: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7380:Vienna offensive 7375: 7368: 7361: 7359:Battle of Manila 7354: 7334: 7325: 7316: 7309: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7272: 7265: 7258: 7249: 7240: 7233: 7224: 7217: 7210: 7203: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7143: 7136: 7127: 7118: 7109: 7102: 7100:Korsun–Cherkassy 7095: 7084: 7062: 7053: 7046: 7039: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7011: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6972: 6965: 6958: 6951: 6944: 6942:Bombing of Gorky 6937: 6930: 6923: 6903: 6896: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6809:Battle of Midway 6804: 6797: 6795:Battle of Gazala 6790: 6783: 6776: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6705:Battle of Borneo 6700: 6698:Malayan campaign 6693: 6686: 6679: 6672: 6665: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6642:Bombing of Gorky 6637: 6635:Battle of Moscow 6630: 6623: 6616: 6609: 6602: 6595: 6579: 6572: 6565: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6535: 6528: 6521: 6514: 6507: 6487: 6478: 6471: 6464: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6422: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6399:Battle of France 6394: 6387: 6380: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6254: 6252:Munich Agreement 6247: 6240: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6208: 6201: 6186: 6185: 6168: 6161: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6137:Soviet prisoners 6131: 6124: 6117: 6108: 6101: 6092: 6085: 6078: 6077:German prisoners 6073: 6053: 6044: 6037: 6030: 6025: 6018: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5990: 5983: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5934: 5925: 5918: 5911: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5806: 5799: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5716: 5709: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5660: 5653: 5646: 5637: 5630: 5622: 5615: 5613:French Indochina 5608: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5557: 5537: 5528: 5521: 5512: 5505: 5498: 5491: 5484: 5477: 5470: 5463: 5460:from August 1944 5451: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5383: 5376: 5369: 5362: 5355: 5343: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5293: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5245: 5244: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5186: 5171: 5164: 5157: 5152: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5120: 5113: 5106: 5104:Nanjing Massacre 5099: 5092: 5083: 5081:Nuremberg trials 5074: 5067: 5060: 5053: 5046: 5039: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5009: 4989: 4982: 4975: 4966: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4938: 4931: 4922: 4913: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4883: 4876: 4869: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4841: 4834: 4814: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4752: 4745: 4738: 4729: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4685:Asia and Pacific 4667: 4660: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4616: 4614:Mulberry harbour 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4465: 4456: 4449: 4434: 4433: 4422: 4415: 4406: 4399: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4371: 4364: 4343: 4336: 4329: 4320: 4319: 4243:Treaty of Sèvres 4135:Treaty of London 4026: 4025: 3804:Northeast France 3735: 3734: 3707:Parliamentarians 3640: 3639: 3602:Chemical weapons 3580: 3579: 3341:Senussi campaign 3311:Muscat rebellion 3305:Maritz rebellion 3222:Vardar offensive 3051:Battle of Romani 3019:Battle of Asiago 3009:Battle of Verdun 2973:Kosovo offensive 2748:First Balkan War 2696: 2695: 2595:Russian Republic 2504: 2503: 2298: 2297: 2240:Economic history 2207: 2200: 2193: 2184: 2183: 2154: 2150:Preceded by 2128: 2107:Preceded by 2099: 2098: 2064: 2051: 2050:on 21 July 2011. 2049: 2038: 2029: 2004: 1995: 1969: 1956: 1935: 1916: 1907:(481): 333–372. 1895: 1874: 1855: 1827: 1821: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1746: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1682: 1676: 1665: 1659: 1648: 1647:, p. 51-52. 1642: 1636: 1630: 1621: 1620:, p. 50-51. 1615: 1606: 1600: 1594: 1588: 1579: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1513: 1507: 1501: 1495: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1452:, p. 77-78. 1447: 1438: 1432: 1426: 1425:, p. 66-67. 1420: 1411: 1408:Adamthwaite 1977 1405: 1396: 1395:, p. 41-42. 1393:Adamthwaite 1977 1390: 1384: 1381:Adamthwaite 1977 1378: 1372: 1366: 1355: 1349: 1338: 1332: 1326: 1325:, p. 84-85. 1320: 1314: 1313:, p. 53-54. 1308: 1302: 1296: 1285: 1279: 1268: 1265:Adamthwaite 1977 1262: 1253: 1252:, p. 23-24. 1250:Adamthwaite 1977 1247: 1238: 1235:Adamthwaite 1977 1232: 1226: 1211: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1177: 1168: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1102: 1063:Fort du Portalet 1030: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1008: 967: 935: 927: 913:Édouard Daladier 721:his headquarters 717:war was declared 655:Alexis St. Leger 582:Édouard Daladier 555:Benito Mussolini 539:cordon sanitaire 439:Chasseurs Alpins 408:Chasseurs Alpins 399:Charles Lanrezac 334:on the left and 327:Édouard Daladier 282:Battle of France 279: 274: 252:Battle of France 191: 187: 185: 184: 171:Military service 131: 114: 112: 100:Personal details 86: 74: 65: 43: 40: 37:General Gamelin 35: 21: 20: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7744: 7705:French generals 7660: 7659: 7658: 7648: 7643: 7641: 7631: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7617:sister projects 7614:at Knowledge's 7612:Maurice Gamelin 7608: 7603: 7596: 7589: 7575: 7573: 7561: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7531: 7522: 7515: 7508: 7499: 7494:Atomic bombings 7492: 7485: 7478: 7471: 7464: 7455: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7427: 7420: 7413: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7385: 7378: 7371: 7364: 7357: 7350: 7337: 7330: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7296: 7289: 7282: 7275: 7268: 7261: 7252: 7243: 7236: 7227: 7220: 7213: 7206: 7197: 7190: 7185:Eastern Romania 7183: 7178:Warsaw Uprising 7176: 7171:Tannenberg Line 7169: 7162: 7157:Western Ukraine 7155: 7146: 7139: 7130: 7121: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7087: 7078: 7065: 7058: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7007: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6975: 6968: 6961: 6954: 6949:Battle of Kursk 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6906: 6899: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6837: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6760:St Nazaire Raid 6758: 6751: 6744: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6605: 6598: 6584: 6575: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6547: 6542:Anglo-Iraqi War 6540: 6533:Battle of Crete 6531: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6490: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6462:Eastern Romania 6460: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6432: 6425: 6418: 6411: 6404: 6397: 6390: 6383: 6376: 6369: 6362: 6355: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6280: 6271: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6204: 6197: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6148: 6141: 6136: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6104: 6097: 6088: 6081: 6076: 6069: 6056: 6049: 6040: 6033: 6028: 6023:Western Ukraine 6021: 6014: 6007: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5979: 5972: 5967:Northeast China 5965: 5958: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5921: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5809: 5802: 5795: 5782: 5775: 5768: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5740: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5705: 5692: 5685: 5678: 5673:Slovak Republic 5671: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5644:Empire of Japan 5642: 5633: 5625: 5618: 5611: 5604: 5597: 5590: 5582: 5575: 5568: 5560: 5553: 5540: 5533: 5524: 5517: 5508: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5419: 5412: 5405: 5398: 5386: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5358: 5346: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5284: 5277: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5230: 5221: 5214: 5207: 5200: 5189: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5156:Sexual violence 5155: 5148: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5116: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5079: 5070: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5026: 5019: 5012: 5005: 4992: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4962: 4955: 4948: 4941: 4934: 4925: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4886: 4879: 4874:Greek Civil War 4872: 4865: 4858: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4830: 4817: 4810: 4801: 4794: 4787: 4778: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4699:South-East Asia 4697: 4690: 4683: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4558:Military awards 4556: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4524: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4475: 4468: 4461: 4452: 4445: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4402: 4395: 4388: 4383: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4352: 4347: 4317: 4312: 4295: 4254: 4186: 4179: 4150:Treaty of Darin 4118: 4080: 4036:Austria-Hungary 4022: 4009: 3990:Rape of Belgium 3917: 3889: 3837: 3831:Western Armenia 3826:Eastern Galicia 3759: 3733: 3697: 3696:Civilian impact 3695: 3681: 3638: 3567: 3399: 3329:Ovambo Uprising 3281: 3163: 3065: 2992: 2910:Battle of Łomża 2893: 2889:Christmas truce 2864:Race to the Sea 2797: 2759: 2681: 2652:Austria-Hungary 2628: 2563:Empire of Japan 2500: 2498: 2487: 2471:U-boat campaign 2457: 2429: 2391: 2343: 2289: 2270:Popular culture 2216: 2211: 2177: 2168: 2153: 2144: 2127: 2120: 2112: 2075:Service records 2071: 2047: 2036: 2032: 2026: 1992: 1976: 1974:Further reading 1947:(445): 66–104. 1932: 1871: 1852: 1836: 1831: 1830: 1822: 1815: 1807: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1736: 1728: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1704: 1700: 1692: 1685: 1677: 1668: 1660: 1651: 1643: 1639: 1631: 1624: 1616: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1589: 1582: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1550: 1543: 1535: 1531: 1523: 1516: 1508: 1504: 1496: 1492: 1484: 1480: 1472: 1468: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1441: 1433: 1429: 1421: 1414: 1406: 1399: 1391: 1387: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1358: 1350: 1341: 1333: 1329: 1321: 1317: 1309: 1305: 1297: 1288: 1280: 1271: 1263: 1256: 1248: 1241: 1233: 1229: 1212: 1208: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1178: 1171: 1157: 1153: 1143: 1141: 1138:culture.gouv.fr 1130: 1126: 1116: 1114: 1111:culture.gouv.fr 1103: 1099: 1094: 1031: 1020: 1014: 1011: 968: 966: 952: 936: 925: 890:English Channel 769:Armée du Levant 760:Armée du Levant 743:. According to 713: 694:Armée du Levant 609:François Darlan 573:Front populaire 559:Pietro Badoglio 372: 370:Military career 360:Alsace-Lorraine 352: 272: 258: 182: 180: 154: 133: 129: 116: 110: 108: 84: 72: 66: 61: 44: 41: 26: 25:Maurice Gamelin 17: 12: 11: 5: 7753: 7743: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7715:Generalissimos 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7657: 7656: 7639: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7594: 7587: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7550: 7543: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7513: 7510:South Sakhalin 7506: 7505: 7504: 7490: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7383: 7376: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7347: 7345: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7328: 7327: 7326: 7310: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7287: 7280: 7273: 7266: 7259: 7250: 7241: 7234: 7225: 7218: 7211: 7204: 7195: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7153: 7144: 7137: 7128: 7119: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7063: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7047: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 7004: 7003: 6989: 6982: 6973: 6966: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6938: 6935:Battle of Attu 6931: 6924: 6916: 6914: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6897: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6826: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6741: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6694: 6687: 6684:Battle of Guam 6680: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6631: 6624: 6617: 6610: 6607:Battle of Kiev 6603: 6596: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6522: 6515: 6508: 6500: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6352: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6298: 6290: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6225: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6194: 6192: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6154: 6153: 6146: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6118: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6106:United Kingdom 6102: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6074: 6066: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6038: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5919: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5792: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5702: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5623: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5558: 5550: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5538: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5510:British Empire 5503:United Kingdom 5499: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5424: 5417: 5410: 5403: 5396: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5344: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5319:Czechoslovakia 5315: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5282: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5253: 5251: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5219: 5216:Rape of Manila 5212: 5205: 5198: 5187: 5172: 5165: 5153: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5137: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5114: 5107: 5093: 5086: 5085: 5084: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5068: 5054: 5047: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5024: 5017: 5002: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4987:United Nations 4983: 4976: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4960: 4953: 4946: 4932: 4923: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4884: 4877: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4849: 4846:Decolonization 4842: 4835: 4827: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4792: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4755: 4754: 4753: 4746: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4680: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4661: 4654: 4647: 4640: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4610: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4538: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4522: 4519:United Kingdom 4515: 4501: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4458: 4457: 4442: 4440: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4400: 4393: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4365: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4346: 4345: 4338: 4331: 4323: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4286: 4279: 4274: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4247: 4246: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4195: 4189: 4187: 4185:Peace treaties 4184: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4071:United Kingdom 4068: 4063: 4061:Ottoman Empire 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4032: 4030: 4023: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3965: 3963:Sack of Dinant 3960: 3955: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3941: 3927: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3911:United Kingdom 3908: 3899: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3871: 3865:POW locations 3863: 3858: 3857: 3856: 3847: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3828: 3820: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3781: 3773: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3741: 3739: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3716: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3700: 3698: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3665:United Kingdom 3662: 3660:Ottoman Empire 3657: 3652: 3646: 3644: 3637: 3636: 3634:Trench warfare 3631: 3630: 3629: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3586: 3584: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3350: 3347:Volta-Bani War 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3192:Zeebrugge Raid 3189: 3184: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3037: 3036: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2983:Battle of Loos 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2874:Black Sea raid 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2776:Historiography 2767: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2730:Bosnian Crisis 2727: 2724:Tangier Crisis 2721: 2715: 2709: 2702: 2700: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2657:Ottoman Empire 2654: 2649: 2644: 2638: 2636: 2634:Central Powers 2630: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2617:British Empire 2612:United Kingdom 2609: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2590:Russian Empire 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2512: 2510: 2508:Entente Powers 2501: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2476:North Atlantic 2467: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2389: 2387:Central Arabia 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2353: 2351: 2349:Middle Eastern 2345: 2344: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2324: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2306: 2304: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2250:Historiography 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2210: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2187: 2179: 2178: 2175:Maxime Weygand 2173: 2170: 2161: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2136: 2135: 2125: 2122: 2113: 2110:Maxime Weygand 2108: 2104: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2078: 2070: 2069:External links 2067: 2066: 2065: 2057:The Riom Trial 2052: 2041:L'Ouest-Eclair 2030: 2025:978-1781592526 2024: 2005: 2003:. Paris: Plon. 1996: 1990: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1957: 1936: 1930: 1917: 1896: 1886:(1): 235–262. 1875: 1869: 1856: 1850: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1826:, p. 341. 1813: 1801: 1799:, p. 339. 1789: 1785:Alexander 1996 1777: 1775:, p. 238. 1773:Alexander 1996 1765: 1761:Alexander 1996 1753: 1751:, p. 338. 1734: 1722: 1720:, p. 337. 1710: 1708:, p. 246. 1706:Alexander 1996 1698: 1696:, p. 242. 1694:Alexander 1996 1683: 1681:, p. 243. 1679:Alexander 1996 1666: 1664:, p. 241. 1662:Alexander 1996 1649: 1637: 1622: 1607: 1595: 1593:, p. 200. 1591:Alexander 1992 1580: 1576:Alexander 1992 1568: 1564:Alexander 1992 1556: 1554:, p. 174. 1552:Alexander 1992 1541: 1537:Alexander 1992 1529: 1527:, p. 195. 1525:Alexander 1992 1514: 1512:, p. 191. 1510:Alexander 1992 1502: 1500:, p. 190. 1498:Alexander 1992 1490: 1488:, p. 176. 1486:Alexander 1992 1478: 1474:Alexander 1992 1466: 1464:, p. 173. 1462:Alexander 1992 1454: 1439: 1427: 1412: 1397: 1385: 1373: 1371:, p. 179. 1356: 1352:Alexander 1992 1339: 1335:Alexander 1992 1327: 1323:Alexander 1992 1315: 1311:Alexander 1992 1303: 1299:Alexander 1992 1286: 1282:Alexander 1992 1269: 1254: 1239: 1227: 1206: 1192: 1169: 1151: 1124: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1051:Guy La Chambre 1047:Third Republic 1039:Maxime Weygand 1033: 1032: 1015:September 2024 939: 937: 930: 924: 921: 917:Maxime Weygand 869:Heinz Guderian 774:Charles Corbin 765:Maxime Weygand 753:Armée de l'air 741:Siegfried Line 737:Saar Offensive 712: 709: 651:Georges Bonnet 564:Regio Esercito 528:and later the 459:and fought in 428:Ferdinand Foch 371: 368: 351: 348: 264: 263: 260: 259: 257: 256: 255: 254: 244: 239: 233: 231: 227: 226: 223: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 197: 196:Branch/service 193: 192: 177: 173: 172: 168: 167: 162: 156: 155: 153: 152: 149: 145: 143: 139: 138: 132:(aged 85) 126: 122: 121: 106: 102: 101: 97: 96: 93: 92: 87: 81: 80: 78:Maxime Weygand 75: 69: 68: 58: 57: 50: 49: 46: 45: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7752: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7654:from Wikidata 7653: 7652: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7623: 7622: 7619: 7613: 7599: 7595: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7572: 7571: 7568: 7555: 7551: 7548: 7544: 7541: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7530: 7525: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517:Kuril Islands 7514: 7511: 7507: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7488: 7484: 7481: 7477: 7474: 7470: 7467: 7463: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7444: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7412: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7391: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7349: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7340: 7333: 7329: 7324: 7323: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7304: 7299: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7288: 7285: 7284:Syrmian Front 7281: 7278: 7274: 7271: 7267: 7264: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7239: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7230:Market Garden 7226: 7223: 7219: 7216: 7212: 7209: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7196: 7193: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7168: 7165: 7161: 7158: 7154: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7142: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7089:Monte Cassino 7086: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7068: 7061: 7057: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7013: 7010: 7006: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6971: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6946: 6943: 6939: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6902: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6866: 6863: 6859: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6750: 6747: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6727: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6702: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6674: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6618: 6615: 6611: 6608: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6583: 6578: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6560: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6509: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6477: 6473: 6470: 6466: 6463: 6459: 6456: 6455:Baltic states 6452: 6449: 6445: 6442: 6438: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6375: 6372: 6368: 6365: 6361: 6358: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6274: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6147: 6144: 6140: 6139: 6135: 6130: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6099:United States 6096: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6048: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6035:Quốc dân Đảng 6032: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5957: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5735:Liechtenstein 5732: 5729: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5688: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5628: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5519:United States 5516: 5511: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5486: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5209:Comfort women 5206: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5193: / 5192: 5188: 5185: 5182: / 5181: 5178: / 5177: 5173: 5170: 5169:Camp brothels 5166: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5082: 5078: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058:The Holocaust 5055: 5052: 5048: 5045: 5044:forced labour 5041: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5018: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4897:Marshall Plan 4894: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4854: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4790: 4786: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4750:Eastern Front 4747: 4744: 4743:Western Front 4740: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4637:Puppet states 4634: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4579:Naval history 4576: 4573: 4569: 4566: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4526:United States 4523: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4332: 4330: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4302: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4076:United States 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4016: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3693: 3688: 3678: 3677:United States 3675: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3627:Convoy system 3625: 3624: 3623: 3622:Naval warfare 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3578: 3574: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3382:Kaocen revolt 3380: 3377: 3376:Easter Rising 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2948:Great Retreat 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2819:Battle of Cer 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2736:Agadir Crisis 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2624:United States 2622: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2541:French Empire 2539: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2494: 2484: 2483:Mediterranean 2481: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2463:Naval warfare 2460: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2339:Italian Front 2337: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2327:Eastern Front 2325: 2323: 2322:Western Front 2320: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2280:Puppet states 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2189: 2188: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2166: 2159: 2158: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2119: 2118: 2111: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1991:0-08-040717-X 1987: 1983: 1978: 1977: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1931:9780465022670 1927: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1870:0-521-37234-8 1866: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1851:9781000352788 1847: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1810: 1805: 1798: 1793: 1786: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1762: 1757: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1731: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1707: 1702: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1646: 1645:Stafford 1984 1641: 1635:, p. 51. 1634: 1633:Stafford 1984 1629: 1627: 1619: 1618:Stafford 1984 1614: 1612: 1605:, p. 50. 1604: 1603:Stafford 1984 1599: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1577: 1572: 1565: 1560: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1538: 1533: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1511: 1506: 1499: 1494: 1487: 1482: 1475: 1470: 1463: 1458: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1437:, p. 73. 1436: 1431: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1410:, p. 42. 1409: 1404: 1402: 1394: 1389: 1383:, p. 41. 1382: 1377: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1354:, p. 85. 1353: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1337:, p. 84. 1336: 1331: 1324: 1319: 1312: 1307: 1301:, p. 53. 1300: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1284:, p. 52. 1283: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1267:, p. 24. 1266: 1261: 1259: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1237:, p. 23. 1236: 1231: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1210: 1195: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1176: 1174: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1139: 1135: 1128: 1112: 1108: 1101: 1097: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1029: 1026: 1018: 1007: 1004: 1000: 997: 993: 990: 986: 983: 979: 976: – 975: 971: 970:Find sources: 964: 960: 956: 950: 949: 945: 940:This section 938: 934: 929: 928: 920: 918: 914: 910: 906: 901: 899: 895: 891: 886: 881: 876: 873: 870: 865: 861: 857: 853: 846: 845: 840: 836: 831: 827: 825: 820: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 781: 779: 775: 770: 766: 761: 756: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 708: 706: 705: 699: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 670: 668: 667:Danzig crisis 664: 660: 656: 652: 647: 645: 641: 637: 631: 628: 623: 617: 614: 610: 606: 605: 600: 596: 591: 586: 583: 579: 574: 569: 566: 565: 560: 556: 552: 547: 545: 541: 540: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 518:Manstein Plan 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 490: 488: 487: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 449: 444: 440: 435: 433: 432:Western Front 429: 425: 421: 420:Joseph Joffre 417: 414:He published 412: 410: 409: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 377: 367: 365: 361: 357: 347: 345: 344:regime change 341: 337: 333: 328: 324: 322: 318: 314: 313:Joseph Joffre 309: 307: 303: 298: 294: 289: 287: 283: 278: 270: 261: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 234: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 201: 198: 194: 190: 178: 174: 169: 166: 163: 161: 157: 150: 147: 146: 144: 140: 137: 128:18 April 1958 127: 123: 120: 107: 103: 98: 94: 91: 88: 82: 79: 76: 70: 64: 59: 56: 51: 47: 34: 29: 22: 19: 7649: 7637:from Commons 7632: 7611: 7591:Bibliography 7574: 7387:Project Hula 7352:Vistula–Oder 7321: 7254: 7245: 7229: 7199: 7148: 7132: 7123: 7114: 7080: 6977: 6892: 6868: 6838: 6589: 6482: 6427:North Africa 6129:Soviet Union 6083:Soviet Union 6009:Soviet Union 5777:Vatican City 5687:Vichy France 5592:German Reich 5489:Soviet Union 5475:South Africa 5468:Sierra Leone 5421:Newfoundland 5240:Participants 5223:Marocchinate 4927: 4918: 4888: 4766:North Africa 4727:Indian Ocean 4586:Nazi plunder 4477:Cryptography 4350:World War II 4288: 4281: 4269: 3876: / 3808: 3643:Conscription 3607:Cryptography 3544:Iraqi Revolt 2978:Siege of Kut 2921: 2499:participants 2448:German Samoa 2382:South Arabia 2163: 2156: 2155: 2139: 2130: 2129: 2115: 2061:G. G. Harrap 2056: 2045:the original 2040: 2010: 2000: 1981: 1965: 1961: 1944: 1940: 1921: 1904: 1900: 1883: 1879: 1860: 1841: 1804: 1792: 1780: 1768: 1756: 1725: 1713: 1701: 1640: 1598: 1571: 1559: 1532: 1505: 1493: 1481: 1469: 1457: 1450:Salerno 1997 1435:Salerno 1997 1430: 1423:Salerno 1997 1388: 1376: 1330: 1318: 1306: 1230: 1214: 1209: 1197:. Retrieved 1182: 1162: 1154: 1144:29 September 1142:. Retrieved 1137: 1127: 1117:29 September 1115:. Retrieved 1110: 1100: 1087: 1082: 1071:Itter Castle 1043:Vichy regime 1036: 1021: 1012: 1002: 995: 988: 981: 969: 953:Please help 941: 909:Paul Reynaud 904: 902: 880:Erwin Rommel 877: 874: 849: 842: 833:Gamelin (in 821: 817: 798: 782: 778:Thessaloniki 768: 759: 757: 752: 714: 702: 698:Thessaloniki 693: 689: 687: 678: 674: 671: 662: 648: 632: 621: 618: 613:Regia Marina 612: 604:Regia Marina 602: 594: 587: 572: 570: 562: 551:Pierre Laval 548: 543: 538: 491: 484: 471:. He became 447: 436: 415: 413: 406: 402: 390: 380: 373: 353: 325: 321:Maginot Line 310: 290: 286:World War II 268: 267: 247:World War II 230:Battles/wars 130:(1958-04-18) 85:Succeeded by 62: 18: 7675:1958 deaths 7670:1872 births 7322:Bodenplatte 7208:Gothic Line 6434:West Africa 5981:Philippines 5960:Netherlands 5825:Czech lands 5763:Switzerland 5707:Afghanistan 5658:Philippines 5526:Puerto Rico 5442:Philippines 5428:New Zealand 5414:Netherlands 5367:Free France 5118:Prosecution 4919:Osoaviakhim 4789:West Africa 4773:East Africa 4420:Conferences 3906:Netherlands 3883:Switzerland 3764:Occupations 3755:Spanish flu 3532:(1919–1922) 3526:(1918–1921) 3520:(1918–1923) 3509:(1919–1921) 3503:(1919–1921) 3497:(1919–1920) 3473:(1918–1920) 3467:(1918–1920) 3461:(1918–1920) 3443:(1918–1920) 3425:(1918–1920) 3419:(1917–1921) 3413:(1917–1921) 3360:(1916-1918) 3358:Arab Revolt 3349:(1915–1917) 3343:(1915–1917) 3331:(1914-1917) 3325:(1914–1917) 3319:(1914–1921) 3313:(1913–1920) 3301:(1910–1920) 3295:(1900–1920) 2793:July Crisis 2714:(1880–1914) 2377:Mesopotamia 2255:Home fronts 2214:World War I 1968:(1): 48–87. 1369:Maiolo 2010 1140:(in French) 1113:(in French) 1075:North Tyrol 892:during the 839:Frank Capra 805:Netherlands 792:, a German 627:Leopold III 530:Third Reich 395:French Army 383:tirailleurs 350:Early years 346:in France. 302:World War I 237:World War I 200:French Army 73:Preceded by 42: 1940 7664:Categories 7422:West Hunan 7255:Pointblank 6591:Silver Fox 6577:Summer War 6330:Winter War 6309:Phoney War 6090:Azerbaijan 6051:Yugoslavia 5946:Luxembourg 5788:Resistance 5535:Yugoslavia 5400:Luxembourg 5202:Sook Ching 4998:War crimes 4600:Technology 4593:Opposition 4535:Lend-Lease 4512:Australian 4505:Home front 4463:Blitzkrieg 4413:Casualties 4404:Commanders 4376:Operations 4123:Agreements 3923:War crimes 3799:Luxembourg 3692:Casualties 2570:Montenegro 2405:South West 2285:Technology 2275:Propaganda 2265:Opposition 2059:. London: 1834:References 1824:Imlay 2004 1809:Imlay 2004 1797:Imlay 2004 1749:Imlay 2004 1730:Imlay 2004 1718:Imlay 2004 1223:0691052697 1059:Riom Trial 985:newspapers 837:) seen in 733:Phoney War 659:Józef Beck 514:Reichswehr 422:(a future 387:in Tunisia 332:Communists 323:defences. 176:Allegiance 160:Alma mater 111:1872-09-20 7487:Manchuria 7373:Indochina 7149:Bagration 6600:Lithuania 6245:Anschluss 6042:Viet Minh 5939:Lithuania 5881:Hong Kong 5651:Manchukuo 5606:Azad Hind 5265:Australia 5065:Aftermath 4928:Paperclip 4823:Aftermath 4623:Total war 4491:Diplomacy 4454:In Europe 4020:Diplomacy 3727:Olympians 3650:Australia 3617:Logistics 3550:Vlora War 3479:(1918–19) 3455:(1918–19) 3449:(1918–19) 3437:(1918–19) 3384:(1916–17) 3366:(1916–17) 3317:Zaian War 3307:(1914–15) 3034:first day 2922:Lusitania 2750:(1912–13) 2744:(1911–12) 2732:(1908–09) 2726:(1905–06) 2708:(1870–71) 2497:Principal 2357:Gallipoli 2260:Memorials 2245:Geography 2235:Aftermath 1055:Léon Blum 942:does not 856:Luftwaffe 809:Dyle Plan 704:Wehrmacht 640:Dunkerque 578:Léon Blum 571:When the 534:Rhineland 336:Royalists 209:1891–1940 63:In office 7598:Category 7547:document 7457:document 7314:Ardennes 7298:Budapest 7246:Crossbow 7124:Overlord 6963:Smolensk 6181:Timeline 6016:Slovakia 6002:Thailand 5853:Ethiopia 5818:Bulgaria 5742:Portugal 5680:Thailand 5562:Bulgaria 5340:Eswatini 5333:Ethiopia 5286:Bulgaria 5111:Unit 731 5072:Response 4889:Keelhaul 4839:Cold War 4812:Americas 4803:timeline 4796:Atlantic 4676:Theaters 4308:Category 3895:Refugees 3861:Italians 3850:Germans 3810:Ober Ost 3590:Aviation 2691:Timeline 2662:Bulgaria 2443:Tsingtao 2420:Togoland 2367:Caucasus 2302:European 2294:Theatres 1892:41299057 1067:Pyrenees 898:Normandy 841:'s film 786:Ardennes 340:Fascists 222:Commands 7524:Shumshu 7291:Hungary 7238:Estonia 7222:Lapland 7200:Dragoon 7133:Neptune 7115:Ichi-Go 7081:Tempest 7023:Changde 6978:Cottage 6870:Jubilee 6586:Finland 6484:Compass 6190:Prelude 6143:Finland 6029:Vietnam 5995:Romania 5867:Germany 5846:Estonia 5832:Denmark 5811:Belgium 5804:Austria 5797:Albania 5728:Ireland 5714:Andorra 5698:Neutral 5665:Romania 5599:Hungary 5584:Finland 5456:Romania 5348:Finland 5326:Denmark 5272:Belgium 5258:Algeria 4964:Romania 4950:Hungary 4706:Pacific 4430:General 4384:Leaders 4369:Battles 4362:Outline 4046:Germany 3946:Germany 3874:Germany 3794:Belgium 3779:Albania 3738:Disease 3718:Sports 3670:Ireland 3583:Warfare 3576:Aspects 2771:Origins 2764:Prelude 2667:Senussi 2647:Germany 2642:Leaders 2580:Romania 2521:Belgium 2516:Leaders 2415:Kamerun 2397:African 2332:Romania 2310:Balkans 2225:Outline 2152:Himself 2126:Himself 2087:of the 2083:in the 1199:26 July 1065:in the 999:scholar 963:removed 948:sources 801:Belgium 723:at the 546:. 506:Lebanon 473:colonel 463:on the 295:of the 217:General 142:Parents 134:Paris, 117:Paris, 7501:Debate 7473:Taipei 7466:Borneo 7044:Tarawa 6238:Europe 6199:Africa 5988:Poland 5974:Norway 5953:Malaya 5932:Latvia 5874:Greece 5860:France 5756:Sweden 5721:Bhutan 5449:Poland 5435:Norway 5407:Mexico 5374:Greece 5360:France 5298:Canada 5279:Brazil 5249:Allies 5195:Serbia 5184:Poland 4957:Poland 4943:Baltic 4736:Europe 4438:Topics 4390:Allied 4066:Russia 4041:France 3869:Canada 3784:Serbia 3655:Canada 3612:Horses 3564:(1921) 3558:(1920) 3552:(1920) 3546:(1920) 3538:(1920) 3491:(1919) 3485:(1919) 3431:(1918) 3396:(1918) 3390:(1917) 3378:(1916) 3372:(1916) 3337:(1915) 2756:(1913) 2738:(1911) 2720:(1905) 2677:Darfur 2602:Serbia 2585:Russia 2548:Greece 2536:France 2526:Brazil 2372:Persia 2315:Serbia 2022: 2001:Servir 1988: 1928: 1890: 1867: 1848: 1221: 1190: 1167:, 1969 1083:Servir 1041:. The 1001: 994: 987: 980: 972: 885:armour 794:Panzer 636:Cassel 500:, now 498:Levant 494:Brazil 461:Alsace 443:Annecy 189:France 186: 136:France 119:France 7634:Media 7277:Leyte 7107:Narva 7093:Anzio 7051:Makin 7009:Burma 6893:Torch 6862:Rzhev 6823:Kiska 5909:Korea 5895:Japan 5888:Italy 5770:Tibet 5749:Spain 5627:Italy 5388:Italy 5381:India 5305:China 5180:Japan 4780:Italy 4692:China 4644:Women 4263:Other 4056:Japan 4051:Italy 3878:camps 3722:Rugby 2558:Japan 2553:Italy 2531:China 2425:North 2048:(PDF) 2037:(PDF) 1888:JSTOR 1092:Notes 1006:JSTOR 992:books 864:Sedan 852:Meuse 715:When 679:Reich 675:Reich 663:Reich 644:Lille 622:Reich 595:Reich 544:Reich 510:Nancy 502:Syria 481:Noyon 469:Somme 465:Linge 53:31st 7651:Data 7343:1945 7071:1944 6912:1943 6840:Blue 6830:Attu 6737:1942 6496:1941 6348:1940 6286:1939 6215:Asia 6062:POWs 5902:Jews 5620:Iraq 5546:Axis 5496:Tuva 5312:Cuba 4397:Axis 3843:POWs 3169:1918 3071:1917 2997:1916 2898:1915 2802:1914 2607:Siam 2410:East 2020:ISBN 1986:ISBN 1926:ISBN 1865:ISBN 1846:ISBN 1219:ISBN 1201:2013 1188:ISBN 1146:2020 1119:2020 978:news 946:any 944:cite 860:weir 835:kepi 749:Ruhr 638:and 588:The 553:and 504:and 338:and 291:The 214:Rank 125:Died 105:Born 2089:ZBW 1949:doi 1945:112 1909:doi 1905:119 1073:in 957:by 489:). 441:in 284:in 7666:: 7091:/ 2039:. 2018:. 2014:. 1964:. 1943:. 1903:. 1884:22 1882:. 1816:^ 1737:^ 1686:^ 1669:^ 1652:^ 1625:^ 1610:^ 1583:^ 1544:^ 1517:^ 1442:^ 1415:^ 1400:^ 1359:^ 1342:^ 1289:^ 1272:^ 1257:^ 1242:^ 1172:^ 1161:, 1136:. 1109:. 1053:, 707:. 397:. 366:. 39:c. 7620:: 6594:) 6588:( 5462:) 5458:( 5394:) 5390:( 5354:) 5350:( 5292:) 5288:( 4342:e 4335:t 4328:v 3694:/ 2206:e 2199:t 2192:v 2063:. 2028:. 1994:. 1966:6 1955:. 1951:: 1934:. 1915:. 1911:: 1894:. 1873:. 1854:. 1225:. 1203:. 1148:. 1121:. 1028:) 1022:( 1017:) 1013:( 1003:· 996:· 989:· 982:· 965:. 951:. 271:( 113:) 109:(

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