Mata Hari - Knowledge

2710: 1644:'But the evidence is quite strong that she was completely innocent of espionage,' Shipman, a professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, told Reuters. 'When she was arrested the war was going very badly for the French and she was a foreigner, very sexy, having affairs with everyone, and living lavishly while people in Paris had no bread. There was a lot of resentment against her.' Shipman said Mata Hari's standing in 1917 was similar to that of Marilyn Monroe in the 1960s—she was recognizable everywhere and considered the sexiest, most desirable woman in Europe. 'This is part of why it is so ludicrous to think she was a spy. She couldn't be clandestine and sneak around. She couldn't help but attract attention,' said Shipman, whose book 491: 830:(British counter-intelligence) were used by a Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask the French government to exonerate Zelle as they argued that the MI5 files proved she was not guilty of the charges she was convicted of. A spokesperson from the Mata Hari Foundation argued that at most, Zelle was a low-level spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We believe that there are sufficient doubts concerning the dossier of information that was used to convict her to warrant re-opening the case. Maybe she wasn't entirely innocent, but it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose information sent thousands of soldiers to their deaths, as has been claimed." 855:

wear at trial, and which was still the only full, clean outfit which she had in prison. Neither description matches photographic evidence. Wales recorded her death, saying that after the volley of shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, her head up always, and without the slightest change of expression on her face. For the fraction of a second it seemed she tottered there, on her knees, gazing directly at those who had taken her life. Then she fell backward, bending at the waist, with her legs doubled up beneath her." A non-commissioned officer then walked up to her body, pulled out his revolver, and shot her in the head to make sure she was dead.

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died. Some sources maintain that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their supper to kill both of their children. After moving back to the Netherlands, the couple officially separated on 30 August 1902. The divorce became final in 1906, and Margaretha was awarded custody of Jeanne. Rudolf was legally required to pay child support but never did. Once when Jeanne visited Rudolf, he did not return her to her mother. Margaretha did not have the resources to fight the situation and accepted it, believing that while Rudolf had been an abusive husband, he had been a good father. Jeanne later died at the age of 21, possibly from complications related to syphilis.

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posed for provocative photos and mingled in wealthy circles. Since most Europeans at the time were unfamiliar with the Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of as exotic, and her claims were accepted as genuine. One enthusiastic French journalist wrote in a Paris newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, the thousand curves and movements of her body trembling in a thousand rhythms." One journalist in Vienna wrote after seeing one of her performances that Mata Hari was "slender and tall with the flexible grace of a wild animal, and with blue-black hair" and that her face "makes a strange foreign impression."

822:, faced impossible odds; he was denied permission to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or to examine his witnesses directly. Bouchardon used the fact that Zelle was a woman as evidence of her guilt, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed to making use of men, she is the type of woman who is born to be a spy." Zelle has often been portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive woman who uses her sexuality to manipulate men effortlessly, but others view her differently: in the words of the American historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Allen she was "naïve and easily duped", a victim of men rather than a victimizer. 748: 561: 839: 602: 1546:, in the Dutch colonial army, and from 1897 to 1902, they lived in Java and Sumatra. The couple returned to Europe but later separated, and she began to dance professionally in Paris in 1905 under the name of Lady MacLeod. She soon called herself Mata Hari, said to be a Malay expression for the sun (literally, "eye of the day"). Tall, extremely attractive, superficially acquainted with East Indian dances, and willing to appear virtually nude in public, she was an instant success in Paris and other large cities. 1484: 233: 443: 775:

dishonest character at her trial. Zelle admitted to Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs from a German diplomat and former lover as reimbursement for belongings taken from her by German authorities. Bouchardon claimed that this was, in fact, payment to her for spying for Germany. In the meantime, Ladoux had been preparing a case against his former agent by casting all of her activities in the worst possible light, going so far as to engage in evidence tampering.

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of Margarethe. two window displays, door in the middle and nearby another door to the apartments. That entrance was previously at the back of the building. There is again a hairdresser and an 'experience centre' (belevingscentrum) about Mata Hari. A beamer projects a lantern-like movie of forty minutes with slides and film fragments on the white wall; there are showcases, pictures, and a large table with everything about Mata Hari, from liqueur to bonbons.

976: 666:, the Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and provide France with good intelligence about German plans. The fact that the Crown Prince had, before 1914, never commanded a unit larger than a regiment, and was now supposedly commanding both an army and an army group at the same time should have been a clue that his role in German decision-making was mostly nominal. Zelle's contact with the Deuxième Bureau was Captain 900:) in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, contains a "Mata Hari Room". Included in the exhibit are two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug embroidered with the footsteps of her fan dance. Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for researching the life and career of Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was opened in the Museum of Friesland on 14 October 2017, one hundred years after her death. 881: 533:, who had founded the Musée. Entertainers of her era commonly invented colourful stories about their origins, and she posed as a Javanese princess of priestly Hindu birth, pretending to have been immersed in the art of sacred Indian dance since childhood. She was photographed numerous times during this period, nude or nearly so. Some of these pictures were obtained by MacLeod and strengthened his case in keeping custody of their daughter. 922: 573: 1496: 549: 889: 51: 1472: 647: 739:, the chief IC (intelligence officer) of the German Army, had grown very annoyed that Mata Hari had provided him with no intelligence worthy of the name, instead selling the Germans mere Paris gossip about the sex lives of French politicians and generals, and decided to terminate her employment by exposing her as a German spy to the French. 398:

Javanese, i.e., Indonesian descent, scholars conclude she had no Jewish or Asian ancestry, and both of her parents were Dutch. Her father owned a hat shop, made investments in the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha and her siblings a lavish early childhood that included exclusive schools until the age of 13.

585:, known more for her sensuality and eroticism than for her classical beauty. She had relationships with high-ranking military officers, politicians, and others in influential positions in many countries. Her relationships and liaisons with powerful men frequently took her across international borders. Before 903:

Mata Hari's birthplace is located in the building at Kelders 33. The building suffered smoke and water damage during a fire in 2013 but was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of the storefront to reconstruct it as it appeared when Adam Zelle, the father of Mata Hari, had a

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Mata Hari's body was not claimed by any family members and was accordingly used for medical study. Her head was embalmed and kept in the Museum of Anatomy in Paris. In 2000, archivists discovered that it had disappeared, possibly as early as 1954, according to curator Roger Saban, during the museum's

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In December 1916, the Second Bureau of the French War Ministry let Mata Hari obtain the names of six Belgian agents. Five were suspected of submitting fake material and working for the Germans, while the sixth was suspected of being a double agent for Germany and France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had

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and nominally a senior German general on the Western Front. The Deuxième Bureau believed she could obtain information by seducing the Crown Prince for military secrets. In fact, his involvement was minimal, and it was German government propaganda that promoted the image of the Crown Prince as a great

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During World War I, the Netherlands remained neutral. As a Dutch subject, Zelle was thus able to cross national borders freely. To avoid the battlefields, she traveled between France and the Netherlands via Spain and Britain, and her movements inevitably attracted attention. During the war, Zelle was

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A hairdressing business owned by Wyb en Wilma Feddema was in the building at the Kelders 33 until the 2013 fire. The store already had some posters about Mata Hari. ... Architect Silvester Adem, based on drawings and old images, reconstructed the shop façade of the hat shop of Adam Zelle, the father

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Although news reports following her execution claimed she had admitted to spying for Germany, Mata Hari made no such admission. She maintained throughout her ordeal that she had never been a German spy. At her trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that her sympathies were with the Allies and declared her

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In late 1916, Zelle traveled to Madrid, where she met the German military attaché Major Arnold Kalle and asked if he could arrange a meeting with the Crown Prince. During this period, Zelle apparently offered to share French secrets with Germany in exchange for money, though whether this was because

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In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting in the ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to capture the German controlled fortified Brimont mountain range, losing his sight in his left eye, which led Zelle to ask for permission to visit her wounded lover at the hospital where he was staying near the front. As

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article reported that at her execution, she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored suit, especially made for the occasion, and a pair of new white gloves", though another account indicates she wore the same suit, low-cut blouse, and tricorn hat ensemble which had been picked out by her accusers for her to

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Claiming her innocence, Zelle wrote letters to the Dutch Ambassador in Paris. "My international connections are due my work as a dancer, nothing else .... Because I really did not spy, it is terrible that I cannot defend myself." The most terrible and heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari during

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stated: "She really did not pass on anything that you couldn't find in the local newspapers in Spain." Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, a divorcée, a citizen of a neutral country, a courtesan, and a dancer, which made her a perfect scapegoat for the French, who were then losing

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and massive strikes. France might have collapsed from war exhaustion. Having one German spy on whom everything that went wrong with the war could be blamed was convenient for the French government. Mata Hari seemed the perfect scapegoat. The case against her received maximum publicity in the French

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to Antje van der Meulen (1842–1891) and her husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910). She had three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad. She was affectionately called "M'greet" by her family. Despite traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish, Malaysian, or

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On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in her room at the Hotel Elysée Palace on the Champs Elysées in Paris. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying for Germany and consequently causing the deaths of at least 50,000 soldiers. Although the French and British intelligence suspected her of

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At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha returned to him, but his behavior did not change. In 1899, their children fell violently ill from complications relating to the treatment of syphilis contracted from their parents, though the family claimed an irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Norman

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Zelle's principal interrogator, who grilled her relentlessly, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; he later prosecuted her at trial. Bouchardon established that much of the Mata Hari persona was invented. Far from being a Javanese princess, Zelle was Dutch, which he used as evidence of her dubious and

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By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen. Critics began to opine that the success and dazzling features of the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism and lacked artistic merit. Although she continued to schedule important social events throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious

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Her act was successful because it elevated erotic dance to a more respectable status and broke new ground in a style of entertainment for which Paris was later world-famous. Her style and free-willed attitude made her popular, as did her eagerness to perform in exotic and revealing clothing. She

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Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced, and her mother died in 1891. Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 February 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove (1844–1913). The family fell apart, and Margaretha was sent to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in

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In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted radio messages to Berlin describing the helpful activities of a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely matched Zelle's that it was obvious that Agent H-21 could only be Mata Hari. The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages and, from the

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In 1916 the war was going badly for the French. Two of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war—Verdun and the Somme—pitted the French against the Germans for months at a time. The mud, bad sanitation, disease, and the newly introduced horror of phosgene gas led to the death or maiming of

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involved in what was described as a very intense romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Staff Captain of the 1st Special Infantry Regiment serving with the French, whom she called the love of her life. Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong

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Zelle was executed by a firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers just before dawn on 15 October 1917. She was 41. According to an eyewitness account by British reporter Henry Wales, she was not bound and refused a blindfold. She defiantly blew a kiss to the firing squad.

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the trial occurred when her lover Maslov—by now deeply embittered as a result of losing his eye in combat—declined to testify for her and told her that he did not care whether she was convicted. When Zelle learned that Maslov had abandoned her, she fainted.

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stated in a 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important spy but a scapegoat for French military failures that had nothing to do with her. Wark stated: "They needed a scapegoat, and she was a notable target for scapegoating." The British historian

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in 1980. It is unclear if she lied on this occasion, believing the story made her sound more intriguing, or if French authorities were using her in such a way but would not acknowledge her due to the embarrassment and international backlash it could cause.

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monarchs who had made Prussia strong and powerful. They wanted to avoid publicizing that the man expected to be the next Kaiser was a playboy noted for womanizing, partying, and indulging in alcohol, who spent another portion of his time associating with

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Mata Hari's career went into decline after 1912. On 13 March 1915, she performed in the last show of her career. She had begun her career relatively late as a dancer and had started putting on weight. However, by this time, she had become a successful

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left Paris for a trip to Madrid, the Germans executed the double agent while the five others continued their operations. This development proved to the Second Bureau that Mata Hari had communicated the names of the six spies to the Germans.

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Sneek. She studied to be a kindergarten teacher in Leiden, but when the headmaster began to flirt with her conspicuously, she was removed from the institution by her godfather. A few months later, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.

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In 1903, Zelle moved to Paris, where she performed as a circus horse rider using the name Lady MacLeod, much to the disapproval of the Dutch MacLeods. Struggling to earn a living, she also posed as an artist's model.

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Mata Hari brought a carefree provocative style to the stage in her act, which garnered wide acclaim. The most celebrated segment of her act was her progressive shedding of clothing until she wore just a jeweled

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hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Eventually, French troops became so demoralized that some refused to fight. Ladoux felt the arrest of a prominent spy could raise French spirits and recharge the war effort.

414:(now Indonesia) and was looking for a wife. Margaretha married MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of the Gesto branch of the 2520: 1320:, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled. She twice won championship honors as the top filly in the sport. In 1943, when in foal to fellow champion Balladier, she produced 3503: 932: 864:

relocation. Her head remains missing. Records dated 1918 show that the museum also received the rest of the body, but none of the remains could later be accounted for.

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At 18, Margaretha answered an advertisement in a Dutch newspaper placed by Dutch colonial army captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the

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Mata Hari's sealed trial and other related documents, a total of 1,275 pages, were declassified by the French Army in 2017, one hundred years after her execution.

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and some ornaments upon her arms and head. She was never seen bare-chested as she was self-conscious about having small breasts. Early in her career, she wore a

1049:(1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and Charles Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard 385:, and that the files used to secure her conviction contained falsifications. Some have even stated that Mata Hari could not have been a spy and was innocent. 3498: 457:

The marriage was overall a disappointment. Rudolf was an alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and blamed her for his lack of promotion. He openly kept a

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Promiscuous, flirtatious, and openly flaunting her body, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight success from the debut of her act at the

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The daughter of a prosperous hatter, she attended a teachers' college in Leiden. In 1895 she married an officer whose family was of Scottish origin,

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premiered at New York's Prototype Festival. In August 2018, it was also produced by West Edge Opera, with Tina Mitchell reprising her starring role.

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Prostitution in Hollywood Films: Plots, Critiques, Casts, and Credits for 389 Theatrical and Made-for-television Releases

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a citizen of a neutral country, Zelle would not normally be allowed near the front. Zelle was met by agents from the

307: 3126: 1445: – Qing dynasty princess and Japanese spy – sometimes known in fiction under the pseudonym "Eastern Mata Hari" 2942: 1254:, written by Craig Walker with music by John Burge, debuted at the Isabel Bader Centre for the Performing Arts in 3508: 2122: 372:. The idea of a beautiful exotic dancer using her powers of seduction as a spy made her name synonymous with the 17: 3518: 3322: 1305: 984: 659: 3543: 3533: 3513: 3488: 3478: 2994: 955: 2444:

With Snow on Their Boots: The Tragic Odyssey of the Russian Expeditionary Force in France During World War I

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With Snow on Their Boots: The Tragic Odyssey of the Russian Expeditionary Force in France During World War I

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With Snow on Their Boots: The Tragic Odyssey of the Russian Expeditionary Force in France During World War I

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in May 1897. They had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) and Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).

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passionate love of France, her adopted homeland. In October 2001, documents released from the archives of

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released an electromechanical pinball machine named after Mata Hari, and a solid-state version in 1978.

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movement, which around the turn of the 20th century, looked to Asia and Egypt for artistic inspiration.

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Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties

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by the French, suggesting that the messages were contrived to have Zelle arrested by the French.

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the war. She was ... held up as an example of what might happen if your morals were too loose."

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for her performances that was similar in color to her skin, but that was later omitted.

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It has been said that she was convicted and condemned because the French Army needed a

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of greed or an attempt to set up a meeting with Crown Prince Wilhelm remains unclear.

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who told her that she would be allowed to see Maslov if she agreed to spy for France.

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When Churchill Slaughtered Sheep and Stalin Robbed a Bank: History's Unknown Chapters

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on 13 March 1905. She became the long-time mistress of the millionaire industrialist

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Traitors & Turncoats: Twenty Tales of Treason from Benedict Arnold to Ezra Pound

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Sticklers, Sideburns and Bikinis: The military origins of everyday words and phrases

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press and led to her importance being greatly exaggerated. The Canadian historian

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she was arrested and taken to London, where she was interrogated at length by Sir

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information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. The messages were in a

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Joanna Bourke, Gresham Professor of Rhetoric, 'Mata Hari: Femmes Fatales' (2020)

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Codewort: Seidenstrumpf, Die größten Spioninnen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts.

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politicians, with the intent to have his father declared insane and deposed.

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in charge of counter-espionage. He gave an account of this in his 1922 book

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released their album titled 'Matahari' containing a song of the same name.

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Unaware that the Crown Prince did not have much to do with the running of

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Before the war, Zelle had performed as Mata Hari several times before the

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dancing the role of Mata Hari, choreography by Ted Brandsen and music by

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spying for Germany, neither could produce definite evidence against her.

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released a song about Mata Hari entitled "Eye of the Day" on his album

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Scrapbook of Mata Hari in the Frisian Museum in Leeuwarden, Netherlands

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Performing Otherness: Java and Bali on International Stages, 1905–1952

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played Mata Bond, said to be the daughter of James Bond and Mata Hari.

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of the French Army in the spring of 1917 following the failure of the

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Mata Hari in 1906, wearing only a gold jeweled breastplate and jewelry

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EuroArts/Warner Classics 0880242616289 (DVD) 0880242616241 (Blu-ray)

2904:. Season 2. Episode 16. 10 July 1993. American Broadcasting Company. 2367:"Condemned spy Mata Hari glib during final interrogation: MI5 files" 3020:"Internet Pinball Database Entry on Mati Hari (Electro Mechanical)" 2339:"The Dramatic Tale of Mata Hari Dancer, courtesan, scapegoat, spy?" 1321: 503: 349: 3423: 3076:

from the original on 11 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.

1864:"Mata Hari — The Story of Mata Hari: Introduction — Crime Library" 1543: 1270: 987:

from her many lovers made Mata Hari an enduring archetype of the

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cultural institutions as a dancer who did not know how to dance.

3424:"Mata Hari," from History Magazine. Complete text, images, video 908:) was created in the building displaying mementos of Mata Hari. 469:

the word for "sun" in the local Indonesian language (literally,

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Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War

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The idea of an exotic dancer working as a lethal double agent

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The Fatal Lover: Mata Hari and the Myth of Women in Espionage

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Mata Hari's life also inspired at least five stage musicals:

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Mata Hari: The True Story. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.

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In the 1982 release of Birds & Bees by the Belgian band

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Femme Fatale: Love, Lies, and the Unknown Life of Mata Hari

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The Nemesis of Power: The German Army In Politics 1918–1945

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Femme Fatale: Love, Lies, and the Unknown Life of Mata Hari

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Her children Louise Jeanne and Norman-John, with his father

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Femme Fatale: Love, Lies and the Unknown Life of Mata Hari

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Donald, Graeme; Wiest, Andrew; Shepherd, William (2013).

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using her powers of seduction to extract military secrets

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People executed by the French military by firing squad

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Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 in

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https://open.spotify.com/album/38tQz6l5GxRE6vmQTViG5N

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Two songs named after Mata Hari have appeared at the

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Multi-language (nl, fr, de, en) website on Mata Hari

282: 2658:"5 historical figures whose heads have been stolen" 2596: 1919: 1917: 1632:"Mata Hari was a scapegoat, not a spy – biographer" 293: 290: 276: 273: 1788:"Biography of Mata Hari, Infamous World War I Spy" 1566: 809:Her defense counsel, veteran international lawyer 2875:"Operación Mata Hari (1968) Película - PLAY Cine" 2713:. République Française Ministère des Armées. 2017 614:sent to the Western Front in the spring of 1916. 3430: 1914: 1907:"Why Mata Hari Wasn't a Cunning Spy After All". 904:hat shop there. In 2016, an information centre ( 3494:People convicted of spying for Imperial Germany 3241:A Tangled Web: Mata Hari Dancer, Courtesan, Spy 2853:. Jefferson: McMillan and Company. p. 34. 2198:. British Universities Film & Video Council 2147: 1983:"Mata Hari Is Born — Mata Hari — Crime Library" 1696:Treacherous Women: Sex, temptation and betrayal 979:Execution scene from 1920 film about Mata Hari 769:Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during the trial 728:that German intelligence knew had already been 2749: 2682: 2603:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 200. 2392:"Brieven van Mata Hari (Letters of Mata Hari)" 2282:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. p. 143. 1559:"Why Mata Hari Wasn't a Cunning Spy After All" 1457: – British intelligence agent (1910–1963) 892:Statue of Mata Hari in Leeuwarden, Netherlands 683:. When the ship called at the British port of 576:Mata Hari in 1910 wearing a jeweled head-dress 2743: 2152:. London: St Martin's Press. pp. 12–13. 1114:"Mata Hari; The Magic Camera", an episode of 1079:) impersonates her in an espionage imbroglio. 1066: 783:In 1917, France had been badly shaken by the 3499:People executed by the French Third Republic 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1261:In 2022, its musical adaptation by director 1141:. Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old 1131:In "Paris, October 1916", a 1993 episode of 1017:(1931), a Hollywood motion picture starring 994:Her life inspired several films, including: 707:and was broadcast, with Mata Hari played by 502:By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence as an 3315:Eye of Dawn: The Rise and Fall of Mata Hari 2725: 2302: 2252: 2095: 1669:"Family Trees - Margaretha Gertruida Zelle" 1451: – British socialite and suspected spy 1188:Mata Hari is portrayed by Austrian actress 333: 3414:Details of the disappearance of the corpse 2992: 2360: 2358: 2356: 1599: 1597: 1595: 49: 3285:Mata Hari (1876–1917): de levende legende 2966: 2466: 2441: 2416: 2120: 1848: 1629: 1265:and performed by the South Korean singer 2711:"Zelle Margueritte Gertrude, 07-08-1876" 2336: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1603: 974: 887: 879: 859:Remains and 2017 French declassification 837: 746: 673:In November 1916 she was traveling from 645: 600: 571: 559: 547: 489: 260:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə] 2819: 2780: 2683:Johnson, Anna; Roberts, Paul G (2015). 2630: 2545: 2364: 2353: 2307:. New York: Random House. p. 394. 2305:Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage 2257:. New York: Random House. p. 358. 2255:Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage 2223:. New York: New York University Press. 2216: 2100:. New York: Random House. p. 357. 2098:Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage 1923: 1592: 1371:by librettist Peter Peers and composer 764:A harlot? Yes, but a traitoress, never! 14: 3431: 2846: 2518: 2491: 2421:. St Martin's Press. pp. 330–31. 2303:Polmer, Norman; Allen, Thomas (1998). 2253:Polmer, Norman; Allen, Thomas (1998). 2096:Polmer, Norman; Allen, Thomas (1998). 1719: 1688: 1686: 1402:released a single titled “Mata Hari”. 1345:released a single titled "Mata Hari". 2914: 2471:. Tricase: Youcanprint. p. 207. 2062:. By Russell Warren Howe, p. 63. 1986 2003:A Tangled Web: Dancer, Courtesan, Spy 1999: 1954: 1805: 1785: 1774: 1746: 911: 634:warrior, the worthy successor to the 605:Zelle photographed in Amsterdam, 1915 356:who was convicted of being a spy for 323: 258: 245: 3352:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson 3272:Editions de l'Archipel, Paris 2007, 2277: 1692: 1630:Goldsmith, Belinda (7 August 2007). 1604:Jeffries, Stuart (16 October 2001). 1352:premiered a two-act ballet entitled 915: 875: 506:. She was a contemporary of dancers 405: 3243:. Stroud: The History Press, 2017. 2995:"Efendi shines on Eurovision stage" 2867: 2396:Dutch National Archives. Gahetna.nl 1930:. New York: HarperCollins. p. 1683: 1385:In 2019, English singer-songwriter 522:became her personal booking agent. 24: 3449:Civilians who were court-martialed 3336:The true life fiction of Mata Hari 2902:The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles 2823:The True Life Fiction of Mata Hari 2750:Asing Walthaus (3 February 2017). 2550:. New York: Penguin. p. 126. 2519:Siegel, Rachel (16 October 2017). 2446:. St Martin's Press. p. 331. 1565:. 12 November 2017. Archived from 1134:The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles 946:by removing the content or adding 751:Mata Hari on the day of her arrest 25: 3555: 3402: 3212:Mata Hari, sa véritable Histoire. 2993:Ismayilova, Laman (24 May 2021). 2918:Be Stiff: The Stiff Records Story 2469:Mata Hari, a life through images' 2041:. The Biography Channel. May 2016 2006:. Cheltenham: The History Press. 1519: 3388:Mata Hari, a life through images 2631:Thomson, Keith (20 March 2010). 2365:Edwards, Peter (24 April 2014). 1955:Myall, Steve (17 October 2017). 1494: 1482: 1470: 1095:In the 1972 British comedy film 920: 441: 432: 269: 231: 159: 3168:"Frank Turner – Eye of the Day" 3149: 3119: 3089: 3080: 3062: 3037: 3012: 2986: 2969:"Mata Hari gets one last night" 2960: 2943:"One Last Night with Mata Hari" 2935: 2908: 2893: 2840: 2813: 2774: 2703: 2676: 2650: 2624: 2590: 2564: 2539: 2512: 2485: 2460: 2435: 2410: 2384: 2330: 2321: 2271: 2210: 2188: 2166: 2141: 2114: 2065: 2053: 1993: 1980: 1974: 1948: 1901: 1892: 1883: 1874: 1861: 1606:"Did they get Mata Hari wrong?" 155: 27:Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917) 3186:"Frank Turner – No Man's Land" 2548:Paris was Yesterday: 1925–1939 2148:Wheeler-Bennett, John (1954). 1740: 1713: 1661: 1623: 1551: 1378:In 2018, French nu-disco band 1029:, Mattie Harriett is hired by 13: 1: 3376:. London: Collins and Brown. 3366:. New York: Appleton-Century. 3298:Maucher,Ute, Pfeiffer, Gabi: 2967:nurun.com (11 January 2017). 2633:"For Sale: Beethoven's Skull" 2278:Howe, Russell Warren (1986). 1720:Parish, James Robert (1992). 1507: 1252:One Last Night with Mata Hari 1237:Mata Hari at the Moulin Rouge 1052:In the 1967 James Bond spoof 711:, on the independent station 388: 242:Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod 56: 3524:World War I spies for France 3469:Dutch people executed abroad 3229:. London: Hutchinson, 1930. 3227:Mata Hari: Courtesan and Spy 2787:. London: Quercus. pp. 1585:Howe, Russel Warren (1986). 1304:participated with the song " 1082:In the 1970 American series 1023:In the 1939 romantic comedy 833: 778: 691:, assistant commissioner at 596: 494:Mata Hari performing in 1905 7: 3474:Dutch people of World War I 3464:Dutch female erotic dancers 3338:. Hern Books, London 2002, 2881:(in Spanish). 28 March 2017 2442:Cockfield, Jamie H (1997). 2417:Cockfield, Jamie H (1997). 2337:Arbuckle, Alex (May 2016). 2196:"The London Interrogations" 2121:Cockfield, Jamie H (1997). 1426: 1289:participated with the song 1085:Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp 1065:In the 1968 Spanish comedy 1009:(1927), a German production 896:The Frisian museum (Dutch: 842:Mugshot of Margaretha Zelle 612:Russian Expeditionary Force 71:Margaretha Geertruida Zelle 10: 3560: 3313:Ostrovsky, Erika. (1978), 3302:ars vivendi verlag, 2010, 3283:Huisman, Marijke. (1998), 3270:Mata-Hari. The true story. 2973:The Kingston Whig-Standard 2060:Mata Hari – The True Story 1398:In 2020, the Dutch singer 32:Mata Hari (disambiguation) 29: 3386:Mauro Macedonio. (2017). 3257:. De Vecchi, Paris 2006, 2931:– via Google Books. 2467:Macedonio, Mauro (2017). 2280:Mata Hari: The True Story 2217:Proctor, Tammy M (2006). 1770:– via Google Books. 1656:) has just been released. 1111:(1981), television series 1067: 942:Please help Knowledge to 870: 650:Painting of Mata Hari by 480: 230: 225: 221: 213: 203: 184: 177: 169: 139: 119: 115:Execution by firing squad 111: 92: 66: 48: 41: 3539:20th-century Dutch women 3390:. Tricase: Youcanprint. 3362:Waagenaar, Sam. (1965), 3239:Craig, Mary, W. (2017), 2733:"Women Spies: Mata Hari" 2572:"Execution of Mata Hari" 2398:(in Dutch). 17 June 2011 2039:"Biography of Mata Hari" 1341:In 1995, Israeli singer 1165:Mata Hari: The Naked Spy 742: 485: 366:executed by firing squad 3317:. New York: Macmillan. 3287:. Hilversum: Verloren. 3070:"Mata Hari – Ofra Haza" 2915:Balls, Richard (2014). 2900:"Paris, October 1916". 2820:Samuels, Diane (2002). 2576:Eyewitnesstohistory.com 2546:Flanner, Janet (1979). 2327:Waagenaar, 1965, p. 258 1699:. Canary Press eBooks. 1544:Captain Rudolph MacLeod 1531:Encyclopædia Britannica 1279:Eurovision Song Contest 660:Army Group Crown Prince 514:, leaders in the early 395:Leeuwarden, Netherlands 325:[ˈmaːtaːˈhaːri] 3509:People from Leeuwarden 3348:Shipman, Pat. (2007), 2498:. Palgrave MacMillan. 2492:Milton, Giles (2016). 2000:Craig, Mary W (2017). 1898:Waagenaar, 1965, p. 38 1889:Waagenaar, 1965, p. 24 1880:Waagenaar, 1965, p. 22 1726:. McFarland & Co. 1348:In February 2016, the 1137:, she is portrayed by 980: 893: 885: 843: 772: 752: 655: 606: 577: 565: 553: 495: 3519:World War I espionage 3268:Howe, Russel Warren: 3101:prototypefestival.org 2847:Nissen, Alex (2007). 2781:Crofton, Ian (2009). 2127:. St Martin's Press. 1924:Shipman, Pat (2007). 1786:Rosenberg, Jennifer. 1693:Kerr, Gordon (2011). 1350:Dutch National Ballet 978: 891: 883: 841: 762: 750: 677:aboard the steamship 649: 604: 575: 563: 551: 493: 3544:20th-century dancers 3534:Paris in World War I 3514:Women in World War I 3489:Female wartime spies 3479:Executed Dutch women 2921:. Soundcheck Books. 1989:on 10 February 2015. 1836:on 15 September 2010 1642:on 8 November 2016. 1571:on 9 November 2019. 1455:Amy Elizabeth Thorpe 1046:Mata Hari, Agent H21 944:improve this article 627:Crown Prince Wilhelm 531:Émile Étienne Guimet 158: 1895; 30:For other uses, see 3255:L'affaire Mata-Hari 2826:. Nick Hern Books. 1909:National Geographic 1870:on 9 February 2015. 1563:National Geographic 1367:In 2017, the opera 1329:Bally Manufacturing 1147:Demons of Deception 1105:portrays Mata Hari. 1068:Operación Mata Hari 956:independent sources 332:for 'sun', 204:Service branch 145:Rudolf John MacLeod 112:Cause of death 3370:Wheelwright, Julie 3214:Paris: Plon 2003. 2756:Leeuwarder Courant 1911:. 12 November 2017 1830:World of Biography 1258:, in January 2017. 1246:Seoul, South Korea 1205:in 1967, starring 1182:In the 2021 movie 1179:in the title role. 1161:(2017), short film 1139:Domiziana Giordano 981: 912:In popular culture 894: 886: 844: 753: 656: 607: 578: 566: 554: 496: 214:Service years 179:Espionage activity 3308:978-3-89716-999-9 3278:978-2-84187-577-1 3253:Dumarcet, Lionel: 3225:Coulson, Thomas. 3220:978-2-2591-9872-1 2860:978-0-7864-2746-8 2578:. 19 October 1917 2557:978-0-14-005068-4 2527:. Washington Post 1941:978-0-06-081728-2 1747:Cohen, M (2010). 1443:Yoshiko Kawashima 1407:The Three Stooges 1295:Anne-Karine Strøm 1256:Kingston, Ontario 1039:Madeleine Carroll 973: 972: 876:Museum exhibition 799:Julie Wheelwright 789:Nivelle Offensive 705:National Archives 693:New Scotland Yard 631:Kaiser Wilhelm II 552:Mata Hari in 1906 412:Dutch East Indies 406:Dutch East Indies 239: 238: 16:(Redirected from 3551: 3459:Dutch courtesans 3334:Samuels, Diane: 3208:Collas, Phillipe 3194: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3164: 3158: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3137:on 7 August 2018 3133:. Archived from 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3107:on 7 August 2018 3103:. 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