1719:
1832:
1824:
1485:; Jawi: باتو برسورت ترڠݢانو) is a granite stele carrying inscription in Jawi script that was found in Terengganu, Malaysia is the earliest evidence of classical Malay inscription. The inscription, dated possibly to 702 AH (corresponds to 1303 CE), constituted the earliest evidence of Jawi writing in the Malay world of Southeast Asia, and was one of the oldest testimonies to the advent of Islam as a state religion in the region. It contains the proclamation issued by a ruler of Terengganu known as Seri Paduka Tuan, urging his subjects to extend and uphold Islam and providing 10 basic Sharia laws for their guidance.
4552:
4534:
4516:
4498:
4480:
4462:
4444:
3404:
1514:. Under the Sultanate of Malacca the language evolved into a form recognisable to speakers of modern Malay. When the court moved to establish the Johor Sultanate, it continued using the classical language; it has become so associated with Dutch Riau and British Johor that it is often assumed that the Malay of Riau is close to the classical language. However, there is no closer connection between Malaccan Malay as used on Riau and the Riau vernacular.
5757:
444:
413:
431:
13532:
1647:
3756:
3338:
3933:
400:
457:
4047:
3971:
3482:
1001:
3817:
1319:
3936:
3935:
3940:
3939:
3934:
4051:
3974:
4374:
Since the standardized varieties of
Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore are structurally largely identical and mostly differ in lexicon and to a lesser degree in phonetic details, the umbrella terms "Malay/Indonesian" or "Malay-Indonesian" are often used in the linguistic literature when
4049:
3973:
4055:
4053:
4048:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3941:
1663:
1597:, is also a member of this language family. Although these languages are not necessarily mutually intelligible to any extent, their similarities are often quite apparent. In more conservative languages like Malay, many roots have come with relatively little change from their common ancestor,
4054:
3979:
1616:, which were spread across Malaya and the Indonesian archipelago by Malay traders from Sumatra. There is disagreement as to which varieties of speech popularly called "Malay" should be considered dialects of this language, and which should be classified as distinct Malay languages. The
3943:
3980:
3944:
3942:
4056:
3938:
12763:
4052:
3976:
1922:
continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in the superior courts. Other minority languages are also commonly used by the country's large ethnic minorities. The situation in Brunei is similar to that in
Malaysia. In the
3865:
continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in the superior courts. Other minority languages are also commonly used by the country's large ethnic minorities. The situation in Brunei is similar to that of
Malaysia.
1658:. The text reads (Voorhoeve's spelling): "haku manangis ma / njaru ka'u ka'u di / saru tijada da / tang ", which is translated by Voorhoeve as: "I am weeping, calling you; though called, you do not come" (hitu adik sa- is the rest of 4th line.
3077:
Study by Uri Tadmor which was published in 2003 shows that mutation of ⟨a⟩ in final open syllable is an areal feature. Specifically, it is an areal feature of
Western Austronesia. Uri Tadmor classify those types into four groups as below.
1394:
The history of the Malay language can be divided into five periods: Old Malay, the
Transitional Period, the Classical Malay, Late Modern Malay and Modern Malay. Old Malay is believed to be the actual ancestor of Classical Malay.
1793:. Old Malay was written using Pallava and Kawi script, as evident from several inscription stones in the Malay region. Starting from the era of kingdom of Pasai and throughout the golden age of the Malacca Sultanate,
3844:
The extent to which Malay and related
Malayan languages are used in the countries where it is spoken varies depending on historical and cultural circumstances. Malay is the national language in Malaysia by
3535:. They have traditionally been classified as Malay, Para-Malay, and Aboriginal Malay, but this reflects geography and ethnicity rather than a proper linguistic classification. The Malayan languages are
3937:
4284:
Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.
4620:
Dahlan, H. Abdullah Zaini. Kitabati, Practical
Methods for Learning to Read & Write Pegon (Kitabati, Metode Praktis Belajar Membaca & Menulis Pegon). Zaini Press. Accessed April 19, 2023.
4050:
3975:
14087:
3318:, these are separated by the verb (OVA or AVO), with the difference encoded in the voice of the verb. OVA, commonly but inaccurately called "passive", is the basic and most common word order.
1498:
era (1402–1511). It was the period the Malay language developed rapidly under the influence of
Islamic literature. The development changed the nature of the language with massive infusion of
4205:, are specific to the Indonesian and Malaysian standards, respectively, but otherwise all the words are found in both (and even those words may be found with slightly different meanings).
1965:
The consonants of
Malaysian and also Indonesian are shown below. Non-native consonants that only occur in borrowed words, principally from Arabic and English, are shown in brackets.
4275:
Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.
4279:(All human beings are born free and have the same dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should get along with each other in a spirit of brotherhood.)
1759:
Efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve Jawi in
Malaysia, and students taking Malay language examinations in Malaysia have the option of answering questions using Jawi.
6106:
4597:
4271:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
4154:
The pronunciation may vary in western dialects, especially the pronunciation of words ending in the vowel 'a'. For example, in some parts of Malaysia and in Singapore,
7720:
3608:
The other Malayan languages, included in neither of these groups, are associated with the expansion of the Malays across the archipelago. They include Malaccan Malay (
1878:. Indonesia regulates its own normative variety of Malay, while Malaysia and Singapore use a common standard. Brunei, in addition to Standard Malay, uses a distinct
4883:
4636:: Estuningtiyas, R. (2021). Rijal Dakwah: KH. Abdullah Syafi’ie (1910-1985). The International Journal of Pegon : Islam Nusantara Civilization, 5(01), 81-96.
3999:
dialect, there are many Malay varieties spoken in Indonesia; they are divided into western and eastern groups. Western Malay dialects are predominantly spoken in
2927:("sea"), are actually two syllables. An alternative analysis therefore treats the phonetic diphthongs , and as a sequence of a monophthong plus an approximant:
1230:
Sultanates and so the language is sometimes called Malacca, Johor or Riau Malay (or various combinations of those names) to distinguish it from the various other
6030:
3559:
1902:. The extent to which Malay is used in these countries varies depending on historical and cultural circumstances. Malay is the national language in Malaysia by
6037:
4585:, Jakarta: KPG 2009) gives a conservative estimate of approximately 200 million, and a maximum estimate of 250 million speakers of Malay (Collins 2009, p. 17).
3287:
for person or number, and they are not marked for tense; tense is instead denoted by time adverbs (such as 'yesterday') or by other tense indicators, such as
10534:
6120:
341:
6711:
6365:
6211:
6009:
4189:
All Malay speakers should be able to understand either of the translations below, which differ mostly in their choice of wording. The words for 'article',
2413:
sound, and this sound must be learned separately by the speakers). Previously (before 1972), this sound was written 'th' in Standard Malay (not Indonesian)
2499:
Phonemes which occur only in Arabic loans may be pronounced distinctly by speakers who know Arabic. Otherwise they tend to be replaced with native sounds.
12738:
6225:
5974:
5853:
5829:
4288:(All human beings are born free and are equal in dignity and rights. They have thoughts and feelings and should get along with a spirit of brotherhood.)
1752:
only. Names of institutions and organisations have to use Jawi and Rumi (Latin) scripts. Jawi is used fully in schools, especially the religious school,
7706:
7699:
6272:
6239:
6218:
6165:
5903:
4362:
3846:
1903:
1765:
Historically, Malay has been written using various scripts. Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using the
10465:
7713:
6379:
6344:
6099:
6078:
3875:
among people of different nationalities. Although this has largely given way to English, Malay still retains the status of national language and the
22528:
14114:
13220:
12310:
10568:
6133:
6092:
6004:
5908:
5883:
5745:
3708:
18870:
16784:
13520:
10966:
10490:
7545:
6729:
6277:
6267:
6262:
6252:
6050:
32:
This article is about the language on which Standard Indonesian and Malaysian are based. For the vernacular varieties and dialects of Malay, see
6247:
6128:
6045:
6014:
5984:
4917:
3524:
5562:
B., C. O. (1939). "Corrigenda and Addenda: A Chinese Vocabulary of Malacca Malay Words and Phrases Collected between A.D. 1403 and 1511 (?)".
18882:
13368:
12768:
8021:
6190:
1280:. A form known as Proto-Malayic was spoken in Borneo at least by 1000 BCE, it has been argued to be the ancestral language of all subsequent
5604:
Edwards, E. D.; Blagden, C. O. (1931). "A Chinese Vocabulary of Malacca Malay Words and Phrases Collected between A. D. 1403 and 1511 (?)".
10501:
6232:
6185:
5918:
5521:
12415:
4962:
12159:
4301:
1402:. Sanskrit loan words can be found in Old Malay vocabulary. The earliest known stone inscription in the Old Malay language was found in
11008:
1605:
found in the languages' words for kinship, health, body parts and common animals. Numbers, especially, show remarkable similarities.
559:
1718:
5689:
722:
5084:
12731:
580:
5723:
3898:(not to be confused with Jawi), which is similar to Kelantanese Malay, but the language has no official status or recognition.
13498:
1445:
Other evidence is the Tanjung Tanah Law in post-Pallava letters. This 14th-century pre-Islamic legal text was produced in the
22558:
11793:
11049:
7229:
5594:
5185:
5117:
5021:
4991:
4901:
4416:
4326:
4210:
4115:'we people'). Another difference is the lack of possessive pronouns (and suffixes) in eastern dialects. Manado uses the verb
3959:
for its disparate islands and ethnic groups, in part because the colonial language, Dutch, is no longer commonly spoken. (In
3735:
1797:
gradually replaced these scripts as the most commonly used script in the Malay region. Starting from the 17th century, under
1129:. Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people (around 260 million in Indonesia alone in its own literary standard named "
16991:
14811:
14107:
13213:
12303:
5738:
4677:
17748:
13513:
10959:
8844:
5774:
2595:
2573:
2284:
2253:
5658:
3963:, which was governed as a province of Indonesia from 1976 to 1999, Indonesian is widely spoken and recognized under its
3883:, is entirely in Malay. In addition, parade commands in the military, police and civil defence are given only in Malay.
20717:
12724:
4568:
4607:
4007:, which itself is divided into Bornean and Sumatran Malay; some of the most widely spoken Sumatran Malay dialects are
1762:
The Latin script, however, is the most commonly used in Brunei and Malaysia, both for official and informal purposes.
17555:
15330:
13361:
7399:
4795:
4181:
Batavian and eastern dialects are sometimes regarded as Malay creole, because the speakers are not ethnically Malay.
3803:
3385:
1075:
4893:
Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas: Vol I: Maps. Vol II: Texts
3785:
3367:
22533:
20280:
19722:
19416:
12758:
12053:
10427:
4065:
3295:'not yet'. On the other hand, there is a complex system of verb affixes to render nuances of meaning and to denote
2453:
2433:
2175:
2082:
1814:
1253:
22543:
22127:
20354:
19370:
14100:
14082:
13206:
12296:
9657:
5731:
5677:
3777:
3359:
2816:
2159:
1936:
1564:
571:
4634:
The abstract of this journal article is written in Indonesian language (Bahasa Indonesia), in Latin and in Pegon
2759:. Many words are commonly pronounced variably, with either or , and relatively few words require a mid vowel .
22553:
22548:
21975:
20732:
19109:
15873:
15751:
14647:
13506:
11498:
10952:
9053:
8960:
5344:
3781:
3363:
3310:
in the sense that English does. In intransitive clauses, the noun comes before the verb. When there is both an
17:
4945:
22563:
19891:
19456:
17239:
17214:
16721:
14594:
14527:
12507:
12366:
10116:
9126:
9010:
6487:
2443:
2128:
1313:
991:
605:
5428:(PL-550). CRCL, CRCL, And/Or The Author(S). Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University: 15–36.
3271:, and there are only a few words that use natural gender; the same word is used for 'he' and 'she' which is
636:
623:
22538:
22191:
20126:
19659:
17971:
17171:
16143:
15883:
15181:
14850:
13354:
13284:
12983:
12953:
12063:
11493:
8106:
7923:
7381:
3926:
3664:
2830:
2689:
2408:
2392:
2209:
2167:
1476:
1442:. It was the working language of traders and it was used in various ports, and marketplaces in the region.
802:
5692:, Asmah Haji Omar, (Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society, 1989-2 pp. 9–13 later designated J11)
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
2947:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2908:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2588:
22328:
21555:
19794:
19270:
19220:
18900:
18456:
17030:
14426:
14409:
14194:
13173:
9743:
8498:
8151:
5642:
2793:
2743:
Malay originally had four vowels, but in many dialects today, including Standard Malay, it has six, with
2654:
2539:
2192:
1831:
1823:
1598:
1289:
1208:) is domestically restricted to vernacular varieties of Malay indigenous to areas of Central to Southern
551:
197:
5700:
5517:"Where does Malay come from? Twenty years of discussions about homeland, migrations and classifications"
22568:
20984:
20962:
20444:
20115:
18091:
17776:
17435:
17287:
16048:
15524:
15405:
15074:
15049:
14822:
14783:
14567:
13564:
12817:
12705:
11533:
10037:
10014:
9200:
8947:
8322:
7268:
6978:
6973:
5049:, but states that they "are so closely related that they may one day be included as dialects of Malay".
3327:
2846:
2680:
2473:
2400:
2384:
2262:
2075:
2068:
139:
1252:, are so closely related to standard Malay that they may prove to be dialects. There are also several
22110:
21339:
21274:
20822:
19642:
19631:
19612:
19033:
19015:
18799:
18640:
17932:
17619:
17598:
17228:
16862:
16329:
16243:
16039:
15635:
15186:
15176:
14930:
14925:
13671:
13294:
13264:
13003:
12862:
12747:
11388:
11054:
10281:
9464:
8761:
8658:
8475:
8350:
8116:
8071:
7797:
7777:
7663:
7081:
7071:
6908:
6838:
6780:
6452:
5815:
4361:
In the context of Malaysian education and law, "Bahasa Melayu" is used in formal literature like the
3416:
2715:
2706:
2687:
2678:
2661:
2652:
2635:
2627:
2618:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2571:
2563:
2554:
2537:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2481:
2471:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2417:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2354:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2218:
2184:
1666:
1415:
21787:
17683:
4921:
4551:
4533:
4515:
4497:
4479:
4461:
4443:
1434:, through its expansion, economic power and military prowess, was responsible for the widespread of
21662:
21158:
19302:
19296:
18549:
18471:
18446:
17785:
17405:
17353:
17108:
15868:
15708:
15685:
15415:
15275:
15214:
14940:
14514:
14481:
13839:
13274:
12899:
12808:
11418:
11074:
10910:
10573:
10557:
9844:
8892:
8603:
8503:
7630:
7197:
6830:
5672:
5177:
4740:
3850:
3766:
3348:
3249:
2802:
2708:
2483:
2424:
is final 'k' or an apostrophe ' (although some words have this glottal stop in the middle, such as
1907:
1843:" which means "Lane for dropping passengers only" and the small no-parking sign on the left reads "
985:
565:
16319:
5680:(Online Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language published by Pusat Bahasa, in Indonesian only)
3539:
to varying extents, though the distinction between language and dialect is unclear in many cases.
22523:
22205:
22137:
21599:
21535:
21299:
21002:
20973:
19664:
18927:
18769:
18635:
18375:
18257:
17468:
16251:
16206:
16021:
16016:
15981:
15976:
15856:
15625:
15534:
15320:
14920:
14698:
14283:
13957:
13684:
12825:
12785:
12231:
12144:
11875:
11628:
11578:
11558:
11478:
11463:
11398:
11032:
10562:
10251:
9915:
9164:
9101:
8932:
7673:
7658:
7359:
7299:
7237:
7109:
6893:
5369:
4891:
3770:
3352:
2717:
2565:
2556:
2531:
2346:
2330:
2121:
2114:
2089:
1991:
1756:, which is compulsory during the afternoon for Muslim students aged from around 6–7 up to 12–14.
1297:
1285:
1134:
370:
121:
16676:
15196:
5753:
1890:, Indonesian is recognised by the constitution as one of two working languages (the other being
1160:) of several nation states with various official names: in Malaysia, it is designated as either
21625:
21525:
20588:
19582:
19332:
19067:
17498:
17463:
16705:
16631:
16596:
15825:
15550:
14915:
14584:
14579:
14268:
14123:
14064:
13872:
13788:
13723:
13631:
13600:
13528:
13447:
13229:
12574:
12394:
12319:
12259:
12196:
11722:
11383:
11288:
11243:
11183:
11044:
10850:
10065:
9976:
9953:
9351:
9250:
8965:
8400:
8241:
7996:
6983:
6868:
6853:
6752:
5761:
5493:
5467:
4649:
4621:
4321:
4127:'to have') to mark possession. So 'my name' and 'our house" are translated in western Malay as
3598:
3233:
2620:
2229:
1570:
1537:. The letters show sign of non-native usage; the Ternateans used (and still use) the unrelated
1427:
1098:
882:
531:
192:
16063:
14764:
11693:
5584:
5491:
The other language standard aside from "Indonesian" is named simply as "Malay", as stated in:
1240:
16, several of the Malayic varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the
496:
22374:
22258:
22020:
21921:
20404:
19340:
18804:
16621:
16068:
15942:
15906:
15615:
15153:
14935:
14498:
14443:
14011:
13942:
13730:
13536:
13487:
13148:
12798:
12420:
12101:
11603:
11483:
11228:
11081:
10975:
10360:
9549:
9288:
9263:
9235:
8284:
8003:
7873:
7157:
7036:
6968:
5011:
4981:
4788:
Malay as a pluricentric language Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations
4650:"Recognition of Bahasa Indonesia as an official language of the General Conference of UNESCO"
3567:
3536:
3500:
3132:
2637:
2306:
2026:
2019:
1818:
1712:
1609:
1542:
1517:
Among the oldest surviving letters written in Malay are the letters from Sultan Abu Hayat of
1292:, began to break up by at least 2000 BCE, possibly as a result of the southward expansion of
1145:
962:
134:
22431:
22290:
20697:
19597:
19562:
17639:
15044:
3836:, it is noted to be among the first Malay-language newspaper. The readership consist of the
1276:
Malay historical linguists agree on the likelihood of the Malayic homeland being in western
22225:
22182:
22083:
22035:
22010:
21965:
21819:
21657:
21284:
21204:
20682:
20409:
18774:
18451:
18403:
18125:
18029:
17513:
17508:
17453:
17425:
17161:
16626:
16530:
16510:
16306:
16296:
16286:
16216:
16211:
15237:
15069:
14910:
14870:
14715:
14710:
14438:
13885:
13849:
13178:
12629:
12532:
12254:
12236:
11978:
11957:
11548:
11238:
11069:
11059:
10622:
10495:
9923:
9376:
9331:
8970:
8834:
8578:
8508:
8269:
7878:
7838:
7372:
7336:
7321:
7147:
7139:
7124:
7031:
6958:
6953:
6913:
6863:
6759:
6637:
6086:
5860:
4081:
3594:
3547:
3185:
2629:
2364:
2135:
2033:
1293:
942:
377:
19587:
17677:
15630:
15112:
5325:
Proto Malayic: the reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology
8:
22409:
22394:
22030:
21994:
21955:
21767:
21667:
21465:
21420:
21111:
21101:
21096:
21027:
20707:
20618:
20583:
20568:
20558:
20295:
20230:
19916:
19871:
19846:
19592:
19556:
19434:
19318:
19313:
19254:
19157:
18502:
18441:
18298:
18019:
17835:
17376:
17131:
17063:
16872:
16867:
16857:
16503:
16291:
16186:
16089:
15620:
15555:
15504:
15476:
15300:
15265:
15168:
15084:
15019:
14968:
14680:
14179:
13778:
13457:
13377:
13315:
13049:
12998:
12685:
12607:
12602:
12515:
12490:
12206:
12154:
12119:
11952:
11846:
11737:
11583:
11528:
11273:
11128:
11103:
10749:
10722:
10509:
9690:
9529:
9071:
8638:
8518:
8330:
8181:
7982:
7792:
7485:
7457:
7326:
7281:
7177:
7114:
7066:
6787:
6773:
6766:
6557:
6502:
6358:
5794:
4726:
4602:
4306:
3948:
3645:
3613:
3586:
3456:
3307:
1928:
1911:
1899:
1879:
1848:
1727:
1189:
1130:
682:
517:
492:
466:
422:
257:
174:
143:
21874:
21859:
21500:
21440:
20712:
17665:
16314:
14532:
13657:
5370:"Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura"
1711:
also exists. Latin script is official in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Malay uses
1534:
22404:
22389:
22384:
22348:
22318:
22300:
22269:
22172:
22088:
22078:
22065:
22015:
21777:
21614:
21460:
21445:
21435:
21392:
21334:
21324:
21319:
21116:
20882:
20832:
20628:
20527:
20482:
20472:
20324:
20318:
20207:
20147:
19926:
19911:
19861:
19851:
19825:
19727:
19380:
18910:
18825:
18739:
18729:
18691:
18081:
18004:
17897:
17655:
17603:
17445:
17223:
17136:
17068:
17038:
16958:
16948:
16749:
16716:
16700:
16616:
16581:
16525:
16480:
16359:
16166:
16011:
15986:
15901:
15893:
15494:
15461:
15443:
15400:
15392:
15373:
15368:
15358:
15353:
15310:
15290:
15104:
15059:
15034:
14983:
14963:
14726:
14670:
14632:
14341:
14262:
14203:
14136:
14059:
13952:
13947:
13702:
13615:
13269:
12520:
11920:
11826:
11668:
11633:
11598:
11453:
11433:
11403:
11143:
10759:
10666:
10590:
10584:
10381:
10289:
10218:
10106:
9862:
9819:
9784:
9632:
9617:
9361:
9091:
9076:
8774:
8676:
8608:
8415:
8312:
8086:
7941:
7913:
7848:
7495:
7475:
7442:
7437:
7427:
7422:
7352:
7331:
7306:
7202:
7182:
6918:
6898:
6562:
6522:
6427:
6422:
6386:
6351:
6314:
6287:
6151:
6024:
5951:
5923:
5878:
5629:
5621:
5571:
5550:
5399:
5304:
4861:
4722:
4342:
4024:
3992:
3739:
3609:
3284:
3268:
3116:
2374:
2040:
1986:
1462:
902:
742:
21879:
21199:
21062:
19607:
18486:
17927:
16550:
16369:
16094:
15779:
13605:
11148:
4103:
means 'we, us' in western, but means 'I, me' in Manado, whereas 'we, us" in Manado is
3890:—a region that, for the most part, used to be part of an ancient Malay kingdom called
1777:
scripts; these scripts are no longer frequently used, but similar scripts such as the
977:
22343:
22338:
22295:
22240:
22230:
22215:
22162:
22073:
22055:
22050:
21999:
21986:
21960:
21889:
21839:
21782:
21757:
21680:
21505:
21475:
21455:
21450:
21410:
21239:
20913:
20892:
20867:
20842:
20802:
20772:
20762:
20757:
20747:
20737:
20633:
20593:
20553:
20157:
20008:
19998:
19983:
19951:
19901:
19866:
19856:
19836:
19669:
19577:
19567:
19211:
19193:
19188:
18809:
18764:
18719:
18660:
18650:
18593:
18562:
18476:
18418:
18278:
18252:
18208:
18193:
18183:
18039:
18034:
18014:
17922:
17850:
17840:
17720:
17700:
17593:
17503:
17420:
17234:
17199:
17184:
17141:
17116:
17088:
17078:
17058:
17053:
17021:
17001:
16976:
16937:
16921:
16824:
16809:
16575:
16540:
16464:
16399:
16354:
16349:
16339:
16271:
15958:
15916:
15840:
15800:
15770:
15670:
15660:
15650:
15640:
15598:
15338:
15315:
15280:
15206:
15191:
15064:
15024:
15006:
14988:
14978:
14950:
14865:
14801:
14655:
14602:
14453:
14331:
14234:
14034:
13895:
13801:
13758:
13584:
13385:
13039:
12993:
12978:
12665:
12660:
12650:
12624:
12619:
12614:
12582:
12542:
12460:
12425:
12356:
12171:
12149:
12043:
11942:
11937:
11925:
11915:
11880:
11678:
11643:
11473:
11443:
11313:
11213:
11203:
11064:
11003:
10990:
10883:
10875:
10836:
10792:
10772:
10611:
10233:
10210:
10182:
10096:
10088:
9705:
9665:
9622:
9607:
9534:
9524:
9509:
9504:
9116:
9061:
8985:
8902:
8686:
8648:
8633:
8623:
8523:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8335:
8231:
8226:
8206:
8131:
8056:
7989:
7968:
7961:
7903:
7893:
7833:
7828:
7782:
7761:
7744:
7615:
7605:
7407:
7286:
7219:
7167:
7162:
7104:
7046:
7026:
7006:
7001:
6963:
6938:
6903:
6888:
6858:
6815:
6805:
6705:
6647:
6597:
6552:
6527:
6517:
6482:
6462:
6457:
6432:
6404:
6332:
6144:
6113:
6065:
5994:
5989:
5893:
5847:
5823:
5633:
5590:
5403:
5391:
5350:
5340:
5239:
5181:
5113:
5017:
4987:
4897:
4791:
4412:
4336:
3996:
3880:
3837:
3821:
3657:
3520:
3476:
3455:(due to historical status of Malay Archipelago as a trading hub), and more recently,
3448:
3440:
2823:
2275:
2201:
2107:
2006:
1996:
1625:
1613:
1586:
1495:
1439:
1281:
1231:
1223:
1102:
1038: Southern Thailand and the Cocos Isl., where other varieties of Malay are spoken
308:
202:
33:
22305:
21864:
21073:
19424:
18963:
17917:
16324:
16006:
11423:
11263:
7172:
4865:
1000:
22423:
22399:
22379:
22323:
22310:
22285:
22250:
22220:
22210:
22132:
22040:
22025:
21933:
21719:
21652:
21647:
21490:
21480:
21470:
21430:
21425:
21362:
21329:
21314:
21294:
21224:
21091:
21047:
21037:
21022:
21017:
20908:
20872:
20862:
20857:
20837:
20812:
20797:
20727:
20542:
20522:
20507:
20502:
20492:
20487:
20434:
20275:
20250:
20240:
20225:
20172:
20069:
20043:
20018:
19962:
19906:
19768:
19674:
19498:
19473:
19375:
19355:
19280:
19142:
19094:
19076:
18905:
18830:
18784:
18779:
18748:
18671:
18615:
18610:
18599:
18578:
18481:
18423:
18408:
18398:
18288:
18231:
18148:
18143:
18110:
18105:
18068:
18049:
18044:
18009:
17907:
17860:
17830:
17825:
17725:
17523:
17473:
17458:
17430:
17371:
17334:
17304:
17189:
17156:
17146:
17126:
17098:
17048:
17011:
16981:
16910:
16847:
16798:
16671:
16606:
16591:
16470:
16451:
16391:
16374:
16181:
16176:
16171:
16161:
16156:
16151:
16129:
16104:
16084:
16079:
15971:
15878:
15693:
15675:
15586:
15489:
15484:
15456:
15433:
15343:
15295:
15285:
15252:
15242:
15137:
15132:
15127:
15117:
15039:
15029:
15014:
14999:
14993:
14958:
14889:
14875:
14840:
14835:
14791:
14754:
14749:
14734:
14627:
14537:
14504:
14461:
14355:
14309:
14304:
14166:
14029:
14021:
14006:
14001:
13991:
13983:
13862:
13773:
13763:
13467:
13462:
13437:
13243:
12655:
12597:
12562:
12552:
12537:
12452:
12166:
12134:
12129:
11988:
11962:
11947:
11890:
11821:
11663:
11623:
11543:
11538:
11518:
11508:
11468:
11458:
11448:
11393:
11363:
11353:
11308:
11278:
11188:
11153:
11037:
10869:
10830:
10787:
10767:
10744:
10736:
10707:
10643:
10579:
10375:
10345:
10325:
10310:
10190:
10164:
10144:
10101:
9994:
9887:
9872:
9867:
9857:
9834:
9761:
9647:
9642:
9612:
9562:
9469:
9454:
9444:
9429:
9404:
9384:
9341:
9336:
9316:
9149:
9106:
9066:
9018:
8995:
8955:
8937:
8927:
8824:
8809:
8749:
8701:
8613:
8583:
8538:
8483:
8445:
8430:
8395:
8385:
8365:
8299:
8274:
8249:
8211:
8146:
8136:
8096:
7954:
7947:
7931:
7888:
7868:
7863:
7853:
7818:
7756:
7668:
7653:
7648:
7570:
7565:
7508:
7470:
7465:
7412:
7276:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7207:
7192:
7061:
6993:
6948:
6883:
6848:
6795:
6719:
6697:
6677:
6652:
6587:
6547:
6542:
6532:
6512:
6477:
6437:
6307:
6300:
6282:
6158:
6055:
5999:
5969:
5944:
5837:
5802:
5613:
5540:
5530:
5429:
5418:
5381:
5332:
5296:
5229:
5149:
4887:
4853:
4752:
4685:
4404:
4068:, are spoken in the eastern part of the Malay or Nusantara archipelago and include
3922:
3862:
3464:
3452:
3315:
3300:
3176:
1981:
1976:
1919:
1891:
1670:
1651:
1538:
1411:
1407:
1052:
892:
237:
117:
21824:
21752:
21747:
21742:
21485:
19936:
19526:
17957:
17672:
13647:
5170:
Karim, Nik Safiah; M. Onn, Farid; Haji Musa, Hashim; Mahmood, Abdul Hamid (2008).
3082:
Final /a/ mutation in Malay-Indonesian dialects and nearby Austronesian languages
22442:
22437:
22264:
22157:
22045:
21895:
21884:
21834:
21809:
21619:
21575:
21520:
21515:
21367:
21309:
21304:
21289:
21244:
21229:
21187:
21182:
21042:
21012:
20944:
20918:
20877:
20807:
20792:
20787:
20767:
20742:
20702:
20623:
20613:
20608:
20598:
20578:
20563:
20537:
20452:
20414:
20399:
20379:
20374:
20329:
20303:
20255:
20235:
20187:
20182:
20167:
20142:
20097:
20079:
20074:
20064:
20058:
20053:
20023:
20003:
19978:
19973:
19957:
19876:
19831:
19820:
19747:
19690:
19572:
19536:
19521:
19503:
19429:
19406:
19401:
19308:
19265:
19259:
19249:
19232:
19162:
19147:
19132:
19089:
19043:
18989:
18968:
18894:
18820:
18815:
18794:
18759:
18724:
18714:
18709:
18703:
18588:
18539:
18466:
18461:
18433:
18388:
18364:
18344:
18321:
18316:
18311:
18306:
18283:
18262:
18221:
18188:
18178:
18076:
18054:
18024:
17988:
17952:
17947:
17912:
17892:
17855:
17845:
17817:
17660:
17634:
17624:
17572:
17567:
17366:
17324:
17314:
17269:
17264:
17249:
17204:
17083:
17043:
16852:
16834:
16819:
16763:
16739:
16666:
16651:
16520:
16498:
16429:
16334:
16276:
16261:
16201:
16124:
16109:
16001:
15996:
15991:
15911:
15863:
15789:
15784:
15561:
15499:
15466:
15451:
15378:
15260:
15232:
15224:
15122:
15089:
14973:
14902:
14769:
14739:
14660:
14637:
14617:
14612:
14607:
14552:
14542:
14466:
14381:
14376:
14349:
14256:
14216:
14211:
14184:
14039:
13905:
13834:
13748:
13738:
13712:
13472:
13432:
13091:
13065:
13029:
13008:
12907:
12854:
12841:
12675:
12670:
12592:
12587:
12557:
12525:
12495:
12186:
12176:
12030:
11998:
11993:
11983:
11930:
11868:
11861:
11810:
11653:
11568:
11563:
11503:
11408:
11373:
11368:
11358:
11348:
11303:
11293:
11283:
11223:
11218:
11198:
11193:
11024:
10998:
10888:
10843:
10807:
10797:
10712:
10681:
10475:
10455:
10418:
10414:
10370:
10355:
10340:
10261:
10223:
10200:
10134:
10129:
10078:
10073:
10050:
10027:
9943:
9928:
9882:
9824:
9814:
9789:
9728:
9700:
9680:
9675:
9627:
9577:
9567:
9494:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9459:
9449:
9439:
9414:
9389:
9366:
9356:
9326:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9278:
9220:
9139:
9111:
9096:
9081:
9033:
9023:
9000:
8990:
8980:
8917:
8907:
8882:
8862:
8829:
8819:
8814:
8804:
8789:
8784:
8769:
8716:
8711:
8696:
8671:
8643:
8593:
8588:
8568:
8533:
8528:
8513:
8488:
8465:
8440:
8425:
8420:
8410:
8380:
8307:
8201:
8191:
8161:
8156:
8126:
8111:
8101:
8081:
8076:
8046:
7975:
7936:
7908:
7898:
7843:
7823:
7802:
7772:
7767:
7750:
7739:
7693:
7643:
7610:
7600:
7518:
7513:
7503:
7480:
7447:
7389:
7345:
7292:
7152:
7119:
7089:
6943:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6843:
6820:
6739:
6662:
6657:
6642:
6622:
6612:
6607:
6592:
6507:
6467:
6200:
6071:
5868:
5323:
5107:
4838:
4779:
4040:
3984:
3891:
3876:
3668:
3653:
3602:
3492:
3488:
3436:
3311:
3296:
3236:, and new words are formed by three methods: attaching affixes onto a root word (
2324:: The sounds are represented orthographically by their symbols as above, except:
2298:
2013:
2001:
1948:
1735:
1430:. It is a small stone of 45 by 80 centimetres (18 by 31 in). For centuries,
1351:
1343:
1249:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1167:
772:
692:
672:
269:
232:
184:
170:
37:
17942:
8370:
22495:
22364:
22235:
22167:
22004:
21849:
21829:
21772:
21709:
21630:
21580:
21570:
21565:
21545:
21530:
21510:
21415:
21405:
21400:
21372:
21214:
21209:
21177:
21067:
21057:
21007:
20992:
20939:
20923:
20887:
20852:
20752:
20658:
20648:
20643:
20532:
20512:
20497:
20457:
20429:
20424:
20394:
20369:
20359:
20349:
20339:
20334:
20313:
20285:
20270:
20245:
20197:
20192:
20177:
20084:
20048:
20033:
20028:
20013:
19993:
19967:
19946:
19941:
19931:
19881:
19841:
19815:
19799:
19789:
19773:
19763:
19742:
19737:
19732:
19617:
19602:
19546:
19541:
19531:
19493:
19488:
19483:
19396:
19345:
19275:
19127:
19122:
19117:
19048:
18984:
18942:
18681:
18676:
18655:
18645:
18518:
18383:
18359:
18349:
18327:
18247:
18226:
18158:
18153:
18120:
17902:
17794:
17629:
17536:
17490:
17382:
17361:
17329:
17319:
17299:
17259:
17244:
17194:
17179:
17121:
17073:
17006:
16953:
16889:
16758:
16711:
16641:
16565:
16475:
16419:
16414:
16364:
16344:
16266:
16256:
16232:
16221:
16119:
16114:
16099:
16073:
16058:
16053:
15966:
15948:
15851:
15830:
15738:
15723:
15718:
15703:
15698:
15665:
15655:
15645:
15610:
15603:
15529:
15428:
15423:
15363:
15270:
15094:
15079:
15054:
14830:
14796:
14744:
14675:
14665:
14622:
14557:
14547:
14386:
14298:
14245:
14239:
14156:
14148:
13962:
13932:
13925:
13857:
13829:
13717:
13707:
13697:
13610:
13477:
13442:
13416:
13320:
13289:
13248:
13163:
13153:
13125:
13060:
13034:
12973:
12968:
12926:
12878:
12870:
12833:
12485:
12371:
12139:
11856:
11798:
11766:
11761:
11683:
11673:
11658:
11618:
11593:
11588:
11573:
11553:
11523:
11513:
11488:
11438:
11413:
11343:
11338:
11298:
11268:
11208:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11138:
11098:
10935:
10902:
10802:
10730:
10656:
10617:
10596:
10485:
10460:
10450:
10440:
10350:
10335:
10320:
10266:
10154:
10139:
10055:
10045:
10022:
9999:
9984:
9966:
9938:
9933:
9897:
9877:
9829:
9809:
9799:
9766:
9756:
9751:
9720:
9710:
9695:
9685:
9670:
9637:
9572:
9557:
9539:
9519:
9489:
9424:
9419:
9399:
9394:
9268:
9225:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9192:
9182:
9172:
9154:
9144:
9134:
9043:
9038:
8975:
8922:
8912:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8857:
8726:
8721:
8706:
8618:
8598:
8563:
8548:
8543:
8493:
8435:
8355:
8290:
8264:
8176:
8141:
8121:
8041:
8036:
8031:
7858:
7688:
7678:
7638:
7580:
7575:
7432:
7313:
7247:
7242:
7212:
7187:
7129:
7099:
7056:
7041:
7021:
7016:
7011:
6873:
6682:
6632:
6617:
6602:
6582:
6537:
6497:
6492:
6472:
6447:
6442:
6412:
6293:
6257:
6195:
6172:
5888:
4331:
4077:
4069:
4028:
3825:
3680:
3676:
3590:
3571:
3555:
3460:
3444:
3211:
2050:
1954:
1895:
1802:
1798:
1774:
1766:
1641:
1574:
1546:
1522:
1507:
1265:
1261:
1257:
922:
732:
346:
294:
164:
113:
82:
5663:
5617:
5535:
5516:
5234:
5217:
5154:
5137:
4857:
4741:"Indonesian as the Language of ASEAN During the New Life Behavior Change 2021"
4099:
The differences among both groups are quite observable. For example, the word
22517:
22369:
22333:
21869:
21854:
21844:
21814:
21792:
21762:
21714:
21585:
21550:
21540:
21495:
21382:
21377:
21357:
21349:
21249:
21234:
21219:
21194:
21171:
21166:
21147:
21132:
21106:
21052:
21032:
20847:
20827:
20782:
20777:
20722:
20668:
20653:
20638:
20603:
20573:
20477:
20467:
20462:
20389:
20384:
20364:
20344:
20308:
20260:
20220:
20215:
20162:
20152:
20137:
20038:
19988:
19695:
19478:
19183:
19167:
19099:
19084:
19053:
19038:
19028:
19023:
18947:
18916:
18835:
18789:
18753:
18665:
18605:
18583:
18512:
18507:
18393:
18354:
18198:
18173:
18168:
18163:
18135:
18115:
17983:
17870:
17865:
17807:
17802:
17766:
17588:
17541:
17531:
17387:
17309:
17254:
17151:
17093:
16942:
16842:
16814:
16804:
16661:
16611:
16601:
16586:
16555:
16459:
16434:
16424:
16409:
16404:
16281:
16226:
16196:
16191:
15713:
15348:
14759:
14522:
14493:
14471:
14326:
14251:
14174:
14077:
13910:
13890:
13880:
13814:
13807:
13796:
13652:
13579:
13554:
13482:
13452:
13403:
13013:
12988:
12886:
12680:
12475:
12216:
12201:
12191:
12016:
11746:
11688:
11648:
11638:
11613:
11608:
11428:
11333:
11323:
11086:
10812:
10782:
10777:
10687:
10671:
10606:
10365:
10315:
10294:
10256:
10243:
10228:
10172:
10149:
10124:
10004:
9989:
9961:
9905:
9852:
9804:
9794:
9733:
9602:
9597:
9587:
9582:
9514:
9499:
9434:
9409:
9346:
9321:
9296:
9273:
9258:
9240:
9230:
9086:
8897:
8887:
8852:
8799:
8794:
8691:
8681:
8666:
8573:
8558:
8553:
8405:
8375:
8360:
8345:
8340:
8259:
8221:
8196:
8186:
8171:
8091:
8066:
8061:
8011:
7883:
7813:
7807:
7787:
7733:
7728:
7683:
7620:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7557:
7417:
7094:
7051:
6878:
6810:
6800:
6745:
6687:
6672:
6627:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6417:
6394:
6372:
6322:
6180:
6138:
6060:
6019:
5979:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5395:
5243:
4949:
4783:
4315:
4016:
3895:
3871:
3858:
3854:
3712:
3700:
3649:
3563:
3551:
3245:
3241:
3227:
2943:
2775:
2151:
2061:
1915:
1778:
1706:
1698:
1678:
1655:
1578:
1551:
1490:
1199:
1088:
952:
862:
842:
539:
358:
314:
12716:
5710:
5354:
5059:
4757:
1608:
Within Austronesian, Malay is part of a cluster of numerous closely related
21560:
21142:
21137:
20997:
20817:
20663:
20548:
20517:
20419:
20265:
19921:
19551:
19152:
19137:
18413:
18100:
17937:
17339:
16636:
16545:
16535:
16515:
15305:
13937:
13753:
13743:
13692:
13411:
12181:
12091:
11805:
11783:
11378:
11248:
10694:
10601:
10514:
10480:
10470:
10330:
10271:
10195:
9776:
9592:
9177:
9028:
8779:
8628:
8390:
8254:
8216:
8166:
6667:
5913:
5873:
5386:
4879:
4093:
4085:
4073:
3964:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3629:
3621:
2663:
2419:
2097:
1883:
1686:
1621:
1594:
1446:
1419:
1339:
1148:, i.e., several varieties of it are standardized as the national language (
1141:
932:
912:
822:
792:
752:
325:
304:
5112:. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia Berhad. pp. xvi.
4539:
4521:
4503:
4485:
4467:
4449:
4431:
2919:("island"). Words with a phonetic diphthong in a closed syllable, such as
957:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
897:
887:
877:
867:
857:
847:
837:
827:
817:
807:
797:
787:
777:
767:
757:
747:
737:
727:
717:
707:
697:
687:
677:
667:
658:
19005:
16656:
16646:
16570:
16560:
14881:
14092:
13821:
13198:
13117:
12480:
12288:
12111:
12073:
12068:
11778:
11756:
11751:
11727:
11258:
11253:
11178:
11173:
10822:
10702:
10520:
10445:
8051:
5964:
5959:
5898:
5842:
4942:
4311:
4020:
3902:
3833:
3816:
3716:
3704:
3672:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3582:
3532:
3153:
2787:
2770:
2240:
1924:
1770:
1629:
1450:
1383:
1222:, also called Court Malay, was the literary standard of the pre-colonial
1182:("Malay language"); in Indonesia, an autonomous normative variety called
872:
852:
812:
782:
762:
702:
641:
628:
535:
354:
350:
335:
318:
150:
10944:
5554:
5545:
4637:
3403:
2911:
as diphthongs. However, and can only occur in open syllables, such as
1032:
is a Malay creole languages and Indonesian is used as a working language
1022: Singapore and Brunei, where Standard Malay is an official language
13768:
12410:
12058:
11233:
10915:
10676:
10661:
10528:
10435:
6205:
5468:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)"
5433:
5308:
5171:
5037:
4544:
4526:
4508:
4490:
4472:
4454:
4436:
4089:
3960:
3723:
3684:
3641:
3578:
3528:
3237:
3189:
3128:
2838:
2780:
2405:
sound, but the writing is not distinguished from Arabic loanwords with
2351:
sound, but the writing is not distinguished from Arabic loanwords with
1932:
1887:
1867:
1617:
1590:
1367:
1318:
1243:
1236:
1122:
1029:
712:
513:
509:
97:
13346:
5625:
5575:
4408:
1628:, and the same is true with some lects on the Malay Peninsula such as
13920:
13900:
13131:
12793:
12470:
12465:
12435:
12038:
11851:
11773:
11732:
10651:
5419:"Final /a/ mutation: a borrowed areal feature in Western Austronesia"
5336:
4557:(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
3829:
3727:
3719:, which may be more or less distinct from standard (Malaccan) Malay.
3516:
3508:
3261:
3180:
3149:
2810:
2246:
2145:
2055:
1871:
1859:
1674:
1646:
1526:
1470:
1454:
1435:
1431:
1347:
1327:
1323:
1118:
1110:
970:
651:
615:
597:
521:
488:
449:
418:
329:
227:
109:
101:
44:
5300:
3755:
3337:
13540:
13158:
13096:
12430:
12096:
12048:
4920:. Bahasa-malaysia-simple-fun.com. 15 September 2007. Archived from
4032:
3887:
3731:
3512:
1875:
1863:
1790:
1530:
1503:
1359:
1355:
1260:) based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay as well as
1126:
1114:
527:
436:
105:
12764:
Commission for Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Community Rights
2359:
sound, and this sound must be learned separately by the speakers).
1730:", copied by Muhammad bin Umar Syaikh Farid on 31 July 1824 CE in
1662:
13915:
11788:
5287:
Clynes, Adrian (1997). "On the Proto-Austronesian "Diphthongs"".
4811:
Tadmor, Uri (2009). "Malay-Indonesian". In Bernard Comrie (ed.).
4365:, however "Bahasa Malaysia" is sometimes also used by Malaysians.
4036:
4012:
4000:
3543:
3485:
3207:
3157:
3120:
2397:
sound (only occurs in Arabic loanwords originally containing the
2343:
sound (only occurs in Arabic loanwords originally containing the
1836:
1786:
1602:
1518:
1466:
1458:
1423:
1403:
1371:
1363:
1331:
1209:
500:
16783:
5705:
5606:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
5564:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
1398:
Old Malay was influenced by Sanskrit, the classical language of
13168:
13086:
12645:
12124:
7544:
5498:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
5494:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Bahasa Melayu (Malay))"
5472:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
5013:
The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society
4983:
The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society
4004:
3504:
3257:
3253:
3248:). Nouns and verbs may be basic roots, but frequently they are
3110:
1931:
is spoken by the overseas Indonesian community concentrated in
1855:
1749:
1731:
1529:, dated around 1521–1522. The text is addressed to the king of
1499:
1375:
1301:
1277:
1106:
504:
462:
405:
93:
5686:(Institute of Language and Literature Malaysia, in Malay only)
4035:
are believed to be Sumatran Malay descendants. Meanwhile, the
13996:
13183:
13044:
12547:
11885:
3203:
3145:
3124:
3106:
1782:
1488:
The classical Malay language came into widespread use as the
1399:
1387:
1379:
832:
5664:
Digital version of Wilkinson's 1926 Malay-English Dictionary
5131:
5129:
4963:"Undang-Undang Tanjung Tanah: Naskah Melayu Tertua di Dunia"
4622:
https://ia903106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Kitabati.pdf
3832:). Initially published between 1869 and 1870 and written in
3244:(composition), or repetition of words or portions of words (
13310:
13279:
13070:
11895:
5169:
4790:. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyte. pp. 403–4.
4008:
3163:
2724:
2696:
1582:
1480:
1335:
1241:
1177:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1092:
1067:
1058:
279:
273:
261:
69:
63:
4725:", 5 million in Indonesia as "Malay" plus 260 million as "
1801:
and British influence, Jawi was gradually replaced by the
1176:("Malay language"); in Singapore and Brunei, it is called
14425:
5695:
5668:
5126:
4672:
4670:
3577:
Aboriginal Malay are the Malayan languages spoken by the
3481:
3467:(in particular many scientific and technological terms).
3048:⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants
3020:⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants
1422:
M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South
5683:
4064:
The eastern varieties, classified either as dialects or
3499:
There is a group of closely related languages spoken by
18869:
17747:
5773:
3279:. There is no grammatical plural in Malay either; thus
2962:
Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay
1453:, a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that arose after the end of
4667:
3886:
Most residents of the five southernmost provinces of
3034:⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩
3006:⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩
1076:
520:
used as a working language and a trade language with
5456:
16 also lists Col, Haji, Kaur, Kerinci, Kubu, Lubu'.
4878:
4815:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 791–818.
4403:(revised ed.). Australian National University.
4375:
discussing the structure or history of the language.
3955:
By contrast, Indonesian has successfully become the
3283:
may mean either 'person' or 'people'. Verbs are not
1064:
1624:—for example, is not readily intelligible with the
1573:family of languages, which includes languages from
1061:
1055:
10426:
3921:(delicious)—have evolved and been integrated into
3470:
1953:Malay, like most Austronesian languages, is not a
1935:. Functional phrases are taught to members of the
1632:. However, both Brunei and Kedah are quite close.
5671:, online Malay language database provided by the
5222:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
5142:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1426:, on the banks of the Tatang, a tributary of the
173:): 200–290 million (2009) (the number including "
22515:
3435:The Malay language has many words borrowed from
3321:
1203:
1193:
1183:
5216:Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008).
5135:
5041:16 classifies them as distinct languages, ISO3
4782:(1992). "Malay as a pluricentric language". In
4778:
2896:"blond". (In Indonesia, "blond" may be written
1654:, a native writing system found in central and
1565:Austronesian languages § Comparison charts
36:. For the standard Malay used in Malaysia, see
5640:
5603:
5215:
5109:An introduction to modern Malaysian literature
1330:in the 7th century, then extending to most of
14108:
14075:
13514:
13362:
13214:
12746:
12732:
12304:
10960:
5739:
5715:
4721:10 million in Malaysia as either "Malay" or "
3542:Para-Malay includes the Malayan languages of
2950:in bisyllabic words must agree in height, so
1533:, following contact with Portuguese explorer
5522:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
5099:
4745:Journal of Social Work and Science Education
4598:"Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards"
1005:Areas where Malay-Indonesian is spoken:
499:enjoys the status of a regional language in
7546:Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
5678:Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan
5426:Issues in Austronesian Historical Phonology
4943:Southeast Asia Digital Library: About Malay
4302:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian
4158:(inclusive 'we, us, our') is pronounced as
4043:) also belongs to the western Malay group.
3853:, and became the sole official language in
3784:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3366:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1910:, and became the sole official language in
1465:, who today still live in the highlands of
14122:
14115:
14101:
13521:
13507:
13369:
13355:
13228:
13221:
13207:
12739:
12725:
12318:
12311:
12297:
10967:
10953:
5746:
5732:
5586:Classical Civilizations of South-East Asia
5256:
5005:
5003:
2884:. There are some homographs; for example,
2763:Table of vowel phonemes of Standard Malay
1673:, is the oldest surviving specimen of the
999:
10974:
5582:
5544:
5534:
5385:
5367:
5276:. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
5261:. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
5233:
5153:
5136:Clynes, Adrian; Deterding, David (2011).
4960:
4756:
4239:Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak Asasi Manusia
3869:In Singapore, Malay was historically the
3804:Learn how and when to remove this message
3386:Learn how and when to remove this message
560:Language Development and Fostering Agency
14086:) is being considered for deletion. See
4839:"The Search for the 'Origins' of Melayu"
4738:
4711:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
4249:(Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
4242:(General Declaration about Human Rights)
4045:
3969:
3931:
3815:
3480:
1830:
1822:
1717:
1661:
1645:
1317:
1093:
70:
22529:Languages attested from the 7th century
13376:
10989:
5514:
5368:Abu Bakar, Mukhlis (18 December 2019).
5321:
5274:Fonologi generatif: teori dan penerapan
5176:(in Malay) (3 ed.). Kuala Lumpur:
5009:
5000:
4979:
4825:
4394:
4392:
4339:, the English used formally in Malaysia
4246:Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat
4162:, in Kelantan and Southern Thailand as
2389:is represented as 's', the same as the
1894:), alongside the official languages of
1581:, with a smaller number in continental
27:Austronesian language of Southeast Asia
14:
22516:
14135:
5641:Wilkinson, Richard James (1901–1903).
5286:
5200:
5105:
4836:
4810:
18868:
17746:
16450:
15585:
14427:Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian
14424:
14408:
14407:
14134:
14096:
13502:
13350:
13202:
12720:
12292:
11794:Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien
10948:
10402:
8747:
7543:
5772:
5727:
5714:
5271:
4961:Surakhman, M. Ali (23 October 2017).
4706:
4642:
4638:https://doi.org/10.51925/inc.v5i01.45
4614:
4398:
4327:List of English words of Malay origin
4234:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4211:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1693:in Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore or
1414:and is dated 1 May 683. Known as the
81:
8748:
4389:
3840:as well as in the Malay archipelago.
3782:adding citations to reliable sources
3749:
3531:, and the far southern parts of the
3397:
3364:adding citations to reliable sources
3331:
2504:Table of borrowed Arabic consonants
566:Institute of Language and Literature
18871:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
17749:Central Malayo-Polynesian languages
10403:
5775:Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
5416:
4739:Wardhana, Dian Eka Chandra (2021).
4566:
4178:and in Kedah and Perlis as /kitɑ/.
4111:(originally abbreviated from Malay
2876:are relatively rare, so the letter
1847:" which means "until next sign" in
1722:Final pages of the Taj al-Salatin,
577:Malay Language Council in Singapore
24:
22491:? indicates classification dispute
5583:Braginsky, Vladimir, ed. (2013) .
5561:
5508:
5410:
5085:"Malay Can Be 'Language of ASEAN'"
4896:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 677.
4846:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
4583:Bahasa Sanskerta dan Bahasa Melayu
4569:"How many people speak Indonesian"
4425:
3901:Owing to earlier contact with the
1839:, Indonesia. The blue sign reads "
140:Various ethnic groups in Indonesia
25:
22580:
14090:to help reach a consensus. ›
5652:
5331:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
4709:The Linguistic Student's Handbook
4654:unesco.org / document no. 42 C/28
3894:—speak a dialect of Malay called
3722:Due to the early settlement of a
3439:(in particular religious terms),
2845:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2801:
2792:
2305:
2283:
2261:
2252:
2228:
2217:
2208:
2191:
2183:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2096:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
1841:Lajur Khusus Menurunkan Penumpang
1827:A Malay traffic sign in Malaysia.
1635:
1589:, a geographic outlier spoken in
1558:
1555:for inter-ethnic communications.
491:(beside the national standard of
13530:
12759:Pan South African Language Board
12054:Malay trade and creole languages
5755:
5087:. brudirect.com. 24 October 2010
4606:. 26 August 2008. Archived from
4550:
4532:
4514:
4496:
4478:
4460:
4442:
3754:
3402:
3336:
3275:or for 'his' and 'her' which is
1815:Malay trade and creole languages
1808:
1354:(also known as: Kra Peninsula),
1254:Malay trade and creole languages
1051:
455:
442:
429:
411:
398:
13332:Recognized as a "link" language
11009:comparison with British English
5669:Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu
5647:. Singapore: Kelly & Walsh.
5485:
5459:
5447:
5361:
5315:
5280:
5265:
5250:
5209:
5194:
5163:
5077:
5052:
5030:
4973:
4954:
4936:
4910:
4872:
4830:
4819:
4804:
4772:
4732:
4715:
4700:
4571:. University of Hawaii at Manoa
4368:
3471:Varieties and related languages
2369:is 'ny'; 'n' before 'c' and 'j'
1937:Armed Forces of the Philippines
1685:Malay is now written using the
12769:Department of Arts and Culture
5515:Adelaar, K. Alexander (2004).
5106:Salleh, Muhammad Haji (2008).
4627:
4590:
4560:
4355:
4060:A young man speaks Kedah Malay
3299:or intentional and accidental
1382:, and ended as the Kingdom of
572:Language and Literature Bureau
13:
1:
5465:Standard named as stated in:
5443:– via sealang.net/CRCL.
4382:
3322:Vocabulary and borrowed words
3252:from other words by means of
1960:
1549:. Malay was used solely as a
1314:History of the Malay language
1121:, and that is also spoken in
167:: 82 million (2004–2010)
22559:Malay languages in Singapore
22488:* indicates proposed status
13285:Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole
4567:Uli, Kozok (10 March 2012).
3665:Malay-based creole languages
1942:
1477:Terengganu Inscription Stone
1406:, Indonesia, written in the
1322:Map of the expansion of the
1202:) whereas the term "Malay" (
583:(a trilateral joint venture)
7:
22375:Futuna-Aniwa / West Futunan
13304:Formerly spoken and extinct
5659:Swadesh list of Malay words
4837:Andaya, Leonard Y. (2001).
4813:The World's Major Languages
4682:www.easttimorgovernment.com
4450:Malay (individual language)
4295:
4184:
3995:, which developed from the
3503:and related peoples across
3267:Malay does not make use of
2992:⟨a⟩ in final open syllable
1939:as well as local students.
1599:Proto-Austronesian language
1418:, it was discovered by the
1290:Proto-Austronesian language
673:Malay (individual language)
10:
22585:
5644:A Malay-English Dictionary
5374:Issues in Language Studies
5205:. University of Edinburgh.
5016:. UNSW Press. p. 62.
5010:Sneddon, James N. (2003).
4986:. UNSW Press. p. 70.
4980:Sneddon, James N. (2003).
4401:The Austronesian Languages
3967:as a 'working language'.)
3474:
3328:List of loanwords in Malay
3325:
3225:
3221:
1946:
1812:
1697:in Indonesia, although an
1639:
1562:
1311:
1307:
1195:bahasa persatuan/pemersatu
83:[baˈha.saməˈla.ju]
42:
31:
22483:
22422:
22357:
22278:
22249:
22201:
22190:
22181:
22153:
22146:
22120:
22109:
22064:
21985:
21974:
21951:
21942:
21929:
21920:
21802:
21735:
21728:
21702:
21693:
21676:
21640:
21607:
21598:
21391:
21348:
21273:
21262:
21157:
21125:
21082:
20983:
20972:
20961:
20932:
20901:
20690:
20681:
20443:
20294:
20206:
20125:
20114:
20093:
19890:
19808:
19782:
19756:
19715:
19704:
19683:
19652:
19641:
19630:
19512:
19466:
19455:
19415:
19389:
19363:
19354:
19331:
19289:
19242:
19228:
19219:
19210:
19176:
19108:
19075:
19066:
19014:
18998:
18977:
18956:
18935:
18926:
18890:
18881:
18877:
18864:
18738:
18699:
18690:
18631:
18624:
18571:
18558:
18548:
18532:
18495:
18432:
18374:
18337:
18297:
18271:
18240:
18217:
18207:
18134:
18090:
18067:
17997:
17979:
17970:
17885:
17816:
17793:
17784:
17775:
17759:
17755:
17742:
17713:
17696:
17648:
17612:
17581:
17563:
17554:
17522:
17489:
17482:
17444:
17413:
17404:
17352:
17295:
17286:
17279:
17213:
17170:
17107:
17029:
17020:
16990:
16969:
16930:
16903:
16885:
16833:
16794:
16776:
16748:
16732:
16693:
16489:
16443:
16390:
16383:
16305:
16242:
16142:
16038:
15957:
15938:
15929:
15892:
15839:
15818:
15809:
15799:
15769:
15762:
15750:
15736:
15684:
15594:
15578:
15543:
15520:
15513:
15475:
15442:
15414:
15391:
15329:
15251:
15223:
15205:
15167:
15146:
15103:
14949:
14901:
14858:
14849:
14821:
14810:
14782:
14725:
14706:
14697:
14646:
14593:
14575:
14566:
14513:
14489:
14480:
14452:
14437:
14433:
14420:
14416:
14403:
14369:
14340:
14319:
14291:
14282:
14225:
14202:
14193:
14165:
14147:
14143:
14130:
14052:
14020:
13982:
13975:
13953:Red Karen (Eastern Kayah)
13871:
13848:
13787:
13683:
13670:
13640:
13624:
13593:
13572:
13563:
13547:
13425:
13402:
13384:
13329:
13303:
13295:Sri Lankan sign languages
13257:
13236:
13141:
13116:
13109:
13079:
13022:
12961:
12946:
12919:
12898:
12853:
12816:
12807:
12784:
12777:
12754:
12748:Languages of South Africa
12706:Singaporean Sign Language
12698:
12638:
12573:
12506:
12451:
12444:
12403:
12384:
12349:
12333:
12326:
12272:
12247:
12224:
12215:
12160:comparison with Malaysian
12110:
12084:
12029:
12009:
11971:
11906:
11839:
11715:
11706:
11322:
11127:
11111:
11097:
11023:
10982:
10932:
10911:Indonesian Sign Languages
10901:
10862:
10821:
10758:
10721:
10642:
10635:
10551:Other creoles and pidgins
10550:
10413:
10409:
10398:
10303:
10280:
10242:
10209:
10181:
10163:
10115:
10087:
10064:
10036:
10013:
9975:
9952:
9914:
9896:
9843:
9775:
9742:
9719:
9656:
9548:
9375:
9287:
9249:
9191:
9163:
9125:
9052:
9009:
8946:
8843:
8760:
8756:
8743:
8657:
8474:
8321:
8298:
8283:
8240:
8020:
7922:
7629:
7556:
7552:
7539:
7494:
7456:
7398:
7380:
7371:
7228:
7138:
7080:
6992:
6829:
6728:
6696:
6403:
6331:
5814:
5785:
5781:
5768:
5721:
5716:Links to related articles
5706:Malay English Translation
5690:The Malay Spelling Reform
5618:10.1017/S0041977X00093204
5536:10.1163/22134379-90003733
5259:Susur galur bahasa Melayu
5257:Asmah Haji, Omar (1985).
5235:10.1017/S0025100308003320
5201:Hassan, Abdullah (1972).
5155:10.1017/S002510031100017X
5138:"Standard Malay (Brunei)"
4858:10.1017/S0022463401000169
4219:
4216:
4197:, and for 'declaration',
4174:, in Betawi and Perak as
3745:
2954:("nose") is allowed but *
2738:
2297:
2239:
2144:
2049:
2012:
1973:
1969:Malay consonant phonemes
1835:Indonesian road signs in
1667:Kedukan Bukit Inscription
1569:Malay is a member of the
1494:of the region during the
1416:Kedukan Bukit inscription
1271:
998:
984:
968:
649:
613:
595:
590:
550:
476:
390:Official language in
388:
383:
367:
291:
248:
220:
181:
160:
127:
89:
77:
62:
57:
52:
14088:templates for discussion
12279:Nearly extinct languages
10574:Flores Creole Portuguese
10558:Arabic-Javanese of Klego
5701:Malay English Dictionary
5696:Malay Chinese Dictionary
5684:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
5673:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
5272:Ahmad, Zaharani (1993).
5178:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
4348:
3851:Constitution of Malaysia
3838:Malay-diaspora in Ceylon
3738:words were brought into
2335:is 'z', the same as the
1908:Constitution of Malaysia
1482:Batu Bersurat Terengganu
1461:. The laws were for the
1264:, which appears to be a
1198:("unifying language" or
1028: East Timor, where
43:Not to be confused with
22534:Agglutinative languages
21668:Whitesands / East Tanna
12232:Malaysian Sign Language
10563:Bidau Creole Portuguese
5322:Adelaar, K. A. (1992).
5203:The Morphology of Malay
5060:"Malay (Bahasa Melayu)"
4758:10.52690/jswse.v1i3.114
3730:, who are now known as
3663:There are also several
1845:Sampai Rambu Berikutnya
1298:Maritime Southeast Asia
1286:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
1135:Maritime Southeast Asia
122:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
47:, a Dravidian language.
22544:Languages of Indonesia
22405:Wallisian / East Uvean
22380:Futunan / East Futunan
22128:Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
18338:Luangic–Kisaric ?
16597:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
14124:Austronesian languages
14083:Austronesian languages
13230:Languages of Sri Lanka
12320:Languages of Singapore
12260:Selangor Sign Language
11379:Bruneian/Kedayan Malay
11184:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
10851:Modern Standard Arabic
5762:Languages of Indonesia
5387:10.33736/ils.1521.2019
4707:Bauer, Laurie (2007).
4678:"East Timor Languages"
4399:Blust, Robert (2013).
4322:Languages of Indonesia
4061:
3988:
3952:
3905:, Malay words—such as
3841:
3496:
3306:Malay does not have a
3234:agglutinative language
3096:Native languages area
2946:: the non-open vowels
2725:
2697:
1851:
1828:
1738:
1682:
1659:
1481:
1391:
1288:, a descendant of the
1242:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1084:
883:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
280:
274:
262:
64:
22554:Languages of Thailand
22549:Languages of Malaysia
21648:Kwamera / South Tanna
16622:Negeri Sembilan Malay
15874:Kota Marudu Talantang
14012:Southwestern Mandarin
13335:a liturgical language
13149:Tsotsitaal and Camtho
11499:Kota Marudu Talantang
11229:Negeri Sembilan Malay
10976:Languages of Malaysia
9658:East Cenderawasih Bay
8961:Casuarina Coast Asmat
5589:. Oxford: Routledge.
4059:
3983:
3947:
3861:gradually from 1974.
3819:
3537:mutually intelligible
3484:
2907:Some analyses regard
1918:gradually from 1974.
1834:
1826:
1819:Pluricentric language
1721:
1713:Hindu-Arabic numerals
1665:
1649:
1510:vocabularies, called
1326:empire, beginning in
1321:
1192:") is designated the
1099:Austronesian language
22564:Languages of Sumatra
21653:Lenakel / West Tanna
16516:Brunei/Kedayan Malay
14648:Southern Cordilleran
13338:a dialect of Sinhala
12949:unofficial languages
12385:Indigenous languages
12255:Penang Sign Language
12237:Manually Coded Malay
10496:North Moluccan Malay
7373:Philippine languages
5838:Anambas-Natuna Malay
5417:Uri, Tadmor (2003).
5180:. pp. 297–303.
4918:"Bahasa Melayu Kuno"
4082:North Moluccan Malay
3927:Philippine languages
3778:improve this section
3622:Kedayan/Brunei Malay
3360:improve this section
3131:(except Pontianak),
1543:West Papuan language
1449:era (1345–1377) of
1390:in the 13th century.
1334:, then expanding to
1294:Austronesian peoples
378:Manually Coded Malay
22539:Languages of Brunei
19435:Natügu / Santa Cruz
18272:Wetar–Galoli ?
17684:Toraja-Saʼdan
16943:Kawi / Old Javanese
15884:Klias River Kadazan
15331:Gorontalo–Mongondow
14595:Central Cordilleran
13676:by languages groups
13378:Languages of Brunei
13316:Ceylon Creole Dutch
12445:Immigrant languages
11738:Malaysian Cantonese
11494:Klias River Kadazan
10636:Immigrant languages
10428:Malay-based creoles
7400:Gorontalo-Mongondow
5289:Oceanic Linguistics
4924:on 26 December 2010
4610:on 29 October 2012.
4307:Indonesian language
4213:
3308:grammatical subject
3093:"Malay" provenance
3083:
2963:
2942:There is a rule of
2880:usually represents
2764:
2505:
1970:
1912:Peninsular Malaysia
1854:Malay is spoken in
1748:are co-official in
1300:from the island of
1190:Indonesian language
478:Recognised minority
22329:Rakahanga-Manihiki
22291:Cook Islands Māori
21556:Northeast Malakula
19795:Lavatbura–Lamusong
14851:Central Philippine
14137:Formosan languages
14060:Thai Sign Language
13984:Immigrant language
13426:Minority languages
13270:Sri Lankan English
13237:Official languages
12828:(Sesotho sa Leboa)
12085:Mixed & Others
11827:Malaysian Mandarin
10623:Pidgin Tukang Besi
10585:Judeo-Manado Malay
7382:Central Philippine
6730:Northwest Sumatra–
6010:Kotawaringin Malay
5965:Jaring Halus Malay
5434:10.15144/PL-550.15
4884:Mühlhäusler, Peter
4581:James T. Collins (
4343:Malaysian language
4208:
4170:, in Palembang as
4151:in Ambon dialect.
4062:
4039:dialect (known as
3989:
3953:
3842:
3497:
3415:. You can help by
3269:grammatical gender
3240:), formation of a
3081:
2961:
2762:
2503:
1968:
1880:vernacular dialect
1852:
1829:
1739:
1728:mirror for princes
1724:The Crown of Kings
1683:
1660:
1463:Minangkabau people
1392:
22569:Languages of Aceh
22511:
22510:
22505:
22504:
22479:
22478:
22475:
22474:
22471:
22470:
22467:
22466:
22463:
22462:
22459:
22458:
22455:
22454:
22451:
22450:
22418:
22417:
22105:
22104:
22101:
22100:
22097:
22096:
21916:
21915:
21912:
21911:
21908:
21907:
21904:
21903:
21689:
21688:
21594:
21593:
21258:
21257:
20957:
20956:
20953:
20952:
20677:
20676:
20110:
20109:
20106:
20105:
19626:
19625:
19451:
19450:
19327:
19326:
19206:
19205:
19202:
19201:
19062:
19061:
18860:
18859:
18856:
18855:
18852:
18851:
18848:
18847:
18844:
18843:
18528:
18527:
18063:
18062:
17966:
17965:
17881:
17880:
17738:
17737:
17734:
17733:
17709:
17708:
17692:
17691:
17550:
17549:
17400:
17399:
17396:
17395:
17348:
17347:
16899:
16898:
16881:
16880:
16785:Northwest Sumatra
16772:
16771:
16689:
16688:
16685:
16684:
16576:Kendayan / Selako
16138:
16137:
16034:
16033:
16030:
16029:
15925:
15924:
15746:
15745:
15732:
15731:
15574:
15573:
15570:
15569:
15406:Calamian Tagbanwa
15387:
15386:
15163:
15162:
15075:Southern Sorsogon
15050:Northern Sorsogon
15009:
15002:
14892:
14885:
14778:
14777:
14693:
14692:
14689:
14688:
14454:Batanic (Bashiic)
14410:Malayo–Polynesian
14399:
14398:
14395:
14394:
14365:
14364:
14278:
14277:
14073:
14072:
14048:
14047:
13971:
13970:
13666:
13665:
13548:Official language
13496:
13495:
13386:Official language
13344:
13343:
13196:
13195:
13192:
13191:
13105:
13104:
12954:1996 constitution
12942:
12941:
12938:
12937:
12863:Southern Ndebele
12714:
12713:
12694:
12693:
12380:
12379:
12286:
12285:
12276:Extinct languages
12268:
12267:
12025:
12024:
11702:
11701:
11534:Mainstream Kenyah
11019:
11018:
10942:
10941:
10936:extinct languages
10928:
10927:
10924:
10923:
10897:
10896:
10837:Indonesian Arabic
10631:
10630:
10546:
10545:
10394:
10393:
10390:
10389:
9201:Grand Valley Dani
9054:South Bird's Head
8845:Timor–Alor–Pantar
8739:
8738:
8735:
8734:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7526:
5975:Kapuas Hulu Malay
5786:Official language
5596:978-1-136-84879-7
5187:978-983-62-9484-5
5119:978-983-068-307-2
5023:978-0-86840-598-8
4993:978-0-86840-598-8
4903:978-3-11-081972-4
4888:Tryon, Darrell T.
4784:Clyne, Michael J.
4548:(27th ed., 2024)
4530:(27th ed., 2024)
4512:(27th ed., 2024)
4494:(27th ed., 2024)
4476:(27th ed., 2024)
4458:(27th ed., 2024)
4440:(27th ed., 2024)
4418:978-1-922185-07-5
4337:Malaysian English
4293:
4292:
4228:Standard "Malay"
4209:Article 1 of the
4057:
3981:
3945:
3881:Majulah Singapura
3822:Alamat Langkapuri
3814:
3813:
3806:
3660:may belong here.
3521:Southern Thailand
3477:Malayic languages
3449:Sinitic languages
3433:
3432:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3219:
3218:
3188:, Mataraman (eg.
3075:
3074:
2984:& Indonesian
2888:is used for both
2878:⟨e⟩
2870:⟨e⟩
2868:are written with
2858:Orthographic note
2855:
2854:
2733:
2732:
2493:Loans from Arabic
2416:the glottal stop
2322:Orthographic note
2319:
2318:
2278:
2249:
2204:
2154:
2110:
2064:
1626:standard language
1614:Malayic languages
1601:. There are many
1496:Malacca Sultanate
1440:Malay Archipelago
1282:Malayic languages
1232:Malayic languages
1151:bahasa kebangsaan
1103:official language
1044:
1043:
903:Kota Bangun Kutai
664:Individual codes:
552:Regulated by
198:Malayo-Polynesian
34:Malayic languages
16:(Redirected from
22576:
22199:
22198:
22188:
22187:
22151:
22150:
22118:
22117:
21983:
21982:
21949:
21948:
21927:
21926:
21733:
21732:
21700:
21699:
21605:
21604:
21346:
21345:
21340:Southeast Ambrym
21271:
21270:
20981:
20980:
20970:
20969:
20823:Arifama-Miniafia
20688:
20687:
20123:
20122:
19713:
19712:
19650:
19649:
19639:
19638:
19467:Gela–Guadalcanal
19464:
19463:
19430:Engdewu / Nanggu
19417:Reefs–Santa Cruz
19361:
19360:
19226:
19225:
19217:
19216:
19073:
19072:
18933:
18932:
18888:
18887:
18879:
18878:
18866:
18865:
18697:
18696:
18629:
18628:
18556:
18555:
18496:Southwest Maluku
18215:
18214:
17977:
17976:
17791:
17790:
17782:
17781:
17757:
17756:
17744:
17743:
17620:Aralle-Tabulahan
17613:Pitu Ulunna Salu
17561:
17560:
17487:
17486:
17411:
17410:
17293:
17292:
17284:
17283:
17027:
17026:
16792:
16791:
16787:–Barrier Islands
16781:
16780:
16672:Terengganu Malay
16448:
16447:
16388:
16387:
15936:
15935:
15879:Rungus / Momogun
15816:
15815:
15807:
15806:
15767:
15766:
15760:
15759:
15719:West Coast Bajaw
15592:
15591:
15583:
15582:
15579:Greater Barito *
15518:
15517:
15321:Western Bukidnon
15187:Central Tagbanwa
15177:Aborlan Tagbanwa
15005:
14998:
14931:Mount Iriga Agta
14926:Mount Iraya Agta
14888:
14880:
14856:
14855:
14823:Southern Mindoro
14819:
14818:
14784:Northern Mindoro
14704:
14703:
14573:
14572:
14568:Meso-Cordilleran
14487:
14486:
14450:
14449:
14435:
14434:
14422:
14421:
14418:
14417:
14405:
14404:
14289:
14288:
14200:
14199:
14145:
14144:
14132:
14131:
14117:
14110:
14103:
14094:
14093:
14022:Working language
13980:
13979:
13824:
13817:
13810:
13733:
13726:
13681:
13680:
13677:
13570:
13569:
13535:
13534:
13533:
13523:
13516:
13509:
13500:
13499:
13371:
13364:
13357:
13348:
13347:
13275:Sri Lankan Malay
13265:Sri Lankan Tamil
13223:
13216:
13209:
13200:
13199:
13174:SA Sign Language
13114:
13113:
13004:Northern Ndebele
12959:
12958:
12951:mentioned in the
12814:
12813:
12782:
12781:
12741:
12734:
12727:
12718:
12717:
12449:
12448:
12404:Creole languages
12391:Johor-Riau Malay
12331:
12330:
12313:
12306:
12299:
12290:
12289:
12222:
12221:
11822:Mandarin Chinese
11713:
11712:
11309:Terengganu Malay
11109:
11108:
10987:
10986:
10969:
10962:
10955:
10946:
10945:
10878:
10853:
10846:
10839:
10739:
10737:Indonesian Dutch
10697:
10690:
10640:
10639:
10548:
10547:
10537:
10523:
10504:
10424:
10423:
10411:
10410:
10400:
10399:
9465:Kwerba Mamberamo
9127:East Bird's Head
9011:West Bird's Head
8758:
8757:
8750:Papuan languages
8745:
8744:
8006:
7999:
7992:
7985:
7978:
7971:
7964:
7957:
7950:
7798:Lisabata-Nuniali
7723:
7716:
7709:
7702:
7554:
7553:
7541:
7540:
7378:
7377:
7362:
7355:
7348:
7316:
7309:
7302:
7295:
7271:
6839:Aralle-Tabulahan
6790:
6783:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6714:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6095:
6081:
6074:
6040:
6033:
5954:
5947:
5863:
5856:
5832:
5805:
5797:
5783:
5782:
5770:
5769:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5712:
5711:
5648:
5637:
5600:
5579:
5558:
5548:
5538:
5502:
5501:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5423:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5389:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5337:10.15144/pl-c119
5330:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5237:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5173:Tatabahasa Dewan
5167:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5133:
5124:
5123:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5056:
5050:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5007:
4998:
4997:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4969:(in Indonesian).
4958:
4952:
4948:16 June 2007 at
4940:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4843:
4834:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4760:
4736:
4730:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4684:. Archived from
4674:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4646:
4640:
4631:
4625:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4578:
4576:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4537:
4536:
4519:
4518:
4501:
4500:
4483:
4482:
4465:
4464:
4447:
4446:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4396:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4359:
4214:
4207:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4058:
3982:
3946:
3857:in 1968, and in
3809:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3789:
3758:
3750:
3640:, Natuna Malay,
3570:(Malaysia), and
3428:
3425:
3406:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3371:
3340:
3332:
3084:
3080:
2964:
2960:
2949:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2910:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2849:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2805:
2796:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2728:
2721:
2712:
2700:
2693:
2684:
2673:"second (time)"
2667:
2658:
2641:
2633:
2624:
2613:"noon (prayer)"
2607:
2599:
2590:
2577:
2569:
2560:
2543:
2535:
2526:
2506:
2502:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2423:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2309:
2287:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2245:
2232:
2221:
2212:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2106:
2100:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2060:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
1992:Post‑alv.
1971:
1967:
1781:are used by the
1734:in Jawi script.
1671:Pallava alphabet
1652:Rencong alphabet
1539:Ternate language
1535:Francisco Serrão
1484:
1412:Grantha alphabet
1284:. Its ancestor,
1250:Peninsular Malay
1247:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1185:Bahasa Indonesia
1181:
1175:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1140:The language is
1096:
1095:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1037:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
994:
980:
960:
950:
940:
930:
920:
910:
900:
890:
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
830:
820:
810:
800:
790:
780:
770:
760:
750:
740:
730:
720:
710:
700:
690:
680:
670:
662:– inclusive code
661:
654:
645:
639:
632:
626:
618:
609:
608:
600:
480:language in
461:
459:
458:
448:
446:
445:
435:
433:
432:
417:
415:
414:
404:
402:
401:
373:
297:
283:
277:
265:
263:Bahasa Indonesia
238:Pre-Modern Malay
187:
118:Christmas Island
85:
73:
72:
67:
58:Malay-Indonesian
50:
49:
21:
22584:
22583:
22579:
22578:
22577:
22575:
22574:
22573:
22514:
22513:
22512:
22507:
22506:
22501:
22500:
22447:
22414:
22353:
22274:
22245:
22193:
22177:
22142:
22112:
22093:
22060:
21977:
21970:
21944:
21938:
21900:
21798:
21724:
21703:Loyalty Islands
21695:
21685:
21672:
21663:Southwest Tanna
21636:
21615:Erromanga / Sie
21590:
21387:
21344:
21276:
21266:
21264:
21254:
21183:Cape Cumberland
21153:
21126:South Pentecost
21121:
21102:Northeast Ambae
21085:North Pentecost
21084:
21078:
20975:
20964:
20949:
20928:
20902:Kilivila–Misima
20897:
20673:
20439:
20290:
20202:
20128:
20117:
20102:
20089:
19893:
19886:
19804:
19778:
19752:
19708:
19706:
19700:
19679:
19644:
19633:
19622:
19514:
19508:
19458:
19447:
19411:
19385:
19350:
19323:
19303:Southern Kaniet
19297:Northern Kaniet
19285:
19238:
19198:
19172:
19104:
19058:
19016:South Halmahera
19010:
18994:
18973:
18952:
18922:
18873:
18840:
18734:
18686:
18620:
18567:
18544:
18524:
18491:
18472:Southeast Babar
18447:Dawera-Daweloor
18428:
18370:
18333:
18293:
18267:
18241:Central Timor *
18236:
18203:
18130:
18086:
18059:
17993:
17962:
17877:
17812:
17771:
17751:
17730:
17705:
17688:
17644:
17608:
17577:
17546:
17518:
17478:
17440:
17392:
17344:
17275:
17215:Tomini–Tolitoli
17209:
17166:
17103:
17016:
16993:
16986:
16965:
16926:
16895:
16877:
16829:
16786:
16768:
16744:
16728:
16681:
16652:Pontianak Malay
16485:
16439:
16384:Malayo–Chamic *
16379:
16301:
16238:
16172:Kanowit–Tanjong
16144:Central Sarawak
16134:
16049:Kenyah / Bakung
16026:
15953:
15931:
15921:
15888:
15869:Eastern Kadazan
15857:Coastal Kadazan
15835:
15811:
15801:Southwest Sabah
15795:
15771:Northeast Sabah
15753:
15742:
15728:
15709:Pangutaran Sama
15680:
15566:
15539:
15509:
15471:
15438:
15410:
15383:
15325:
15276:Cotabato Manobo
15247:
15219:
15215:Western Subanon
15201:
15159:
15142:
15099:
14945:
14897:
14845:
14813:
14812:Greater Central
14806:
14774:
14721:
14685:
14642:
14589:
14562:
14509:
14476:
14441:
14429:
14412:
14391:
14370:Southern ?
14361:
14336:
14315:
14274:
14227:
14221:
14189:
14161:
14139:
14126:
14121:
14091:
14074:
14069:
14044:
14016:
13967:
13867:
13844:
13820:
13813:
13806:
13783:
13729:
13722:
13675:
13674:
13662:
13636:
13620:
13589:
13559:
13543:
13531:
13529:
13527:
13497:
13492:
13421:
13398:
13380:
13375:
13345:
13340:
13325:
13299:
13253:
13232:
13227:
13197:
13188:
13137:
13101:
13075:
13018:
12952:
12950:
12948:
12934:
12915:
12894:
12849:
12834:Southern Sotho
12826:Northern Sotho
12803:
12773:
12750:
12745:
12715:
12710:
12690:
12634:
12569:
12502:
12440:
12399:
12376:
12345:
12322:
12317:
12287:
12282:
12264:
12243:
12211:
12106:
12080:
12021:
12005:
11967:
11908:
11902:
11862:Malaysian Tamil
11835:
11708:
11698:
11419:Eastern Kadazan
11399:Coastal Kadazan
11325:
11318:
11130:
11123:
11102:
11093:
11015:
10978:
10973:
10943:
10938:
10920:
10893:
10874:
10858:
10849:
10844:Hadhrami Arabic
10842:
10835:
10817:
10754:
10735:
10717:
10693:
10686:
10627:
10542:
10533:
10519:
10500:
10476:Larantuka Malay
10466:Gorontalo Malay
10405:
10404:Other languages
10386:
10299:
10282:Lower Mamberamo
10276:
10238:
10205:
10177:
10159:
10111:
10083:
10060:
10032:
10009:
9971:
9948:
9910:
9892:
9839:
9771:
9738:
9715:
9652:
9544:
9371:
9283:
9245:
9187:
9159:
9121:
9048:
9005:
8942:
8839:
8762:North Halmahera
8752:
8731:
8659:Western Oceanic
8653:
8604:Southeast Babar
8504:Dawera-Daweloor
8470:
8317:
8294:
8279:
8236:
8023:
8016:
8002:
7995:
7988:
7981:
7974:
7967:
7960:
7953:
7946:
7918:
7783:Larike-Wakasihu
7721:Rohomoni-Kabauw
7719:
7712:
7705:
7698:
7625:
7548:
7523:
7490:
7452:
7394:
7367:
7358:
7351:
7344:
7312:
7305:
7298:
7291:
7267:
7224:
7134:
7076:
6988:
6825:
6786:
6779:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6732:Barrier Islands
6731:
6724:
6710:
6692:
6399:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6327:
6313:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6201:Pontianak Malay
6171:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6143:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6077:
6070:
6036:
6029:
5950:
5943:
5859:
5852:
5828:
5816:Malayo-Sumbawan
5810:
5801:
5793:
5777:
5764:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5717:
5655:
5597:
5511:
5509:Further reading
5506:
5505:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5476:
5474:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5452:
5448:
5438:
5436:
5421:
5415:
5411:
5366:
5362:
5347:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5301:10.2307/3622989
5285:
5281:
5270:
5266:
5255:
5251:
5214:
5210:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5168:
5164:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5068:
5066:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5035:
5031:
5024:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4978:
4974:
4967:kemdikbud.go.id
4959:
4955:
4941:
4937:
4927:
4925:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4904:
4877:
4873:
4841:
4835:
4831:
4824:
4820:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4780:Asmah Haji Omar
4777:
4773:
4763:
4761:
4737:
4733:
4720:
4716:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4688:on 4 March 2016
4676:
4675:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4632:
4628:
4619:
4615:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4574:
4572:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4549:
4540:Baba Indonesian
4538:
4531:
4520:
4513:
4502:
4495:
4484:
4477:
4466:
4459:
4448:
4441:
4430:
4426:
4419:
4397:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4373:
4369:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4316:Arabic alphabet
4298:
4286:
4277:
4248:
4241:
4187:
4149:katong pu rumah
4141:torang pe rumah
4046:
4017:Palembang Malay
3970:
3932:
3877:national anthem
3810:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3775:
3759:
3748:
3736:Classical Malay
3568:Negeri Sembilan
3493:Betawi language
3479:
3473:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3413:needs expansion
3407:
3392:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3357:
3341:
3330:
3324:
3230:
3224:
2877:
2872:. Orthographic
2869:
2741:
2735:
2054:
1995:
1985:
1963:
1951:
1949:Malay phonology
1945:
1914:in 1968 and in
1821:
1811:
1736:British Library
1644:
1638:
1610:forms of speech
1567:
1561:
1525:in present-day
1512:Classical Malay
1438:throughout the
1408:Pallava variety
1352:Malay Peninsula
1344:Bangka Belitung
1316:
1310:
1274:
1234:. According to
1220:Classical Malay
1214:West Kalimantan
1163:Bahasa Malaysia
1157:bahasa nasional
1078:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010: Indonesia
1007:
990:
976:
963:Negeri Sembilan
956:
955:
946:
945:
936:
935:
926:
925:
916:
915:
906:
905:
896:
895:
886:
885:
876:
875:
866:
865:
856:
855:
846:
845:
836:
835:
826:
825:
816:
815:
806:
805:
796:
795:
786:
785:
776:
775:
766:
765:
756:
755:
746:
745:
736:
735:
726:
725:
723:Baba Indonesian
716:
715:
706:
705:
696:
695:
686:
685:
676:
675:
666:
665:
663:
657:
650:
635:
634:
633:
622:
621:
614:
604:
603:
596:
586:
546:
545:
481:
479:
472:
456:
454:
443:
441:
430:
428:
412:
410:
399:
397:
391:
384:Official status
374:
369:
363:
344:
298:
293:
287:
281:Bahasa Malaysia
270:Malaysian Malay
251:
244:
233:Classical Malay
223:
216:
188:
185:Language family
183:
168:
156:
68:
48:
41:
38:Malaysian Malay
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
22582:
22572:
22571:
22566:
22561:
22556:
22551:
22546:
22541:
22536:
22531:
22526:
22524:Malay language
22509:
22508:
22503:
22502:
22499:
22498:
22496:extinct status
22492:
22489:
22485:
22484:
22481:
22480:
22477:
22476:
22473:
22472:
22469:
22468:
22465:
22464:
22461:
22460:
22457:
22456:
22453:
22452:
22449:
22448:
22446:
22445:
22440:
22435:
22428:
22426:
22420:
22419:
22416:
22415:
22413:
22412:
22407:
22402:
22397:
22392:
22387:
22382:
22377:
22372:
22367:
22361:
22359:
22355:
22354:
22352:
22351:
22346:
22341:
22336:
22331:
22326:
22321:
22316:
22315:
22314:
22303:
22298:
22293:
22288:
22282:
22280:
22276:
22275:
22273:
22272:
22267:
22262:
22255:
22253:
22247:
22246:
22244:
22243:
22238:
22233:
22228:
22223:
22218:
22213:
22208:
22206:Kapingamarangi
22202:
22196:
22185:
22179:
22178:
22176:
22175:
22170:
22165:
22160:
22154:
22148:
22144:
22143:
22141:
22140:
22138:Western Fijian
22135:
22130:
22124:
22122:
22115:
22107:
22106:
22103:
22102:
22099:
22098:
22095:
22094:
22092:
22091:
22086:
22081:
22076:
22070:
22068:
22062:
22061:
22059:
22058:
22053:
22048:
22043:
22038:
22033:
22028:
22023:
22018:
22013:
22008:
22002:
21997:
21991:
21989:
21980:
21972:
21971:
21969:
21968:
21963:
21958:
21952:
21946:
21940:
21939:
21937:
21936:
21930:
21924:
21918:
21917:
21914:
21913:
21910:
21909:
21906:
21905:
21902:
21901:
21899:
21898:
21893:
21887:
21882:
21877:
21872:
21867:
21862:
21857:
21852:
21847:
21842:
21837:
21832:
21827:
21822:
21817:
21812:
21806:
21804:
21800:
21799:
21797:
21796:
21790:
21785:
21780:
21775:
21770:
21765:
21760:
21755:
21750:
21745:
21739:
21737:
21730:
21729:New Caledonian
21726:
21725:
21723:
21722:
21717:
21712:
21706:
21704:
21697:
21691:
21690:
21687:
21686:
21684:
21683:
21677:
21674:
21673:
21671:
21670:
21665:
21660:
21655:
21650:
21644:
21642:
21638:
21637:
21635:
21634:
21628:
21623:
21617:
21611:
21609:
21602:
21596:
21595:
21592:
21591:
21589:
21588:
21583:
21578:
21573:
21568:
21563:
21558:
21553:
21548:
21543:
21538:
21533:
21528:
21523:
21518:
21513:
21508:
21503:
21498:
21493:
21488:
21483:
21478:
21473:
21468:
21463:
21458:
21453:
21448:
21443:
21438:
21433:
21428:
21423:
21418:
21413:
21408:
21403:
21397:
21395:
21389:
21388:
21386:
21385:
21380:
21375:
21370:
21365:
21360:
21354:
21352:
21343:
21342:
21337:
21332:
21327:
21322:
21317:
21312:
21307:
21302:
21297:
21292:
21287:
21281:
21279:
21268:
21260:
21259:
21256:
21255:
21253:
21252:
21247:
21242:
21237:
21232:
21227:
21222:
21217:
21212:
21207:
21202:
21197:
21192:
21191:
21190:
21180:
21175:
21169:
21163:
21161:
21159:Espiritu Santo
21155:
21154:
21152:
21151:
21145:
21140:
21135:
21129:
21127:
21123:
21122:
21120:
21119:
21114:
21109:
21104:
21099:
21094:
21088:
21086:
21080:
21079:
21077:
21076:
21071:
21065:
21060:
21055:
21050:
21045:
21040:
21035:
21030:
21025:
21020:
21015:
21010:
21005:
21000:
20995:
20989:
20987:
20978:
20967:
20959:
20958:
20955:
20954:
20951:
20950:
20948:
20947:
20942:
20936:
20934:
20930:
20929:
20927:
20926:
20921:
20916:
20911:
20905:
20903:
20899:
20898:
20896:
20895:
20890:
20885:
20880:
20875:
20870:
20865:
20860:
20855:
20850:
20845:
20840:
20835:
20830:
20825:
20820:
20815:
20810:
20805:
20800:
20795:
20790:
20785:
20780:
20775:
20770:
20765:
20760:
20755:
20750:
20745:
20740:
20735:
20730:
20725:
20720:
20715:
20710:
20705:
20700:
20694:
20692:
20685:
20679:
20678:
20675:
20674:
20672:
20671:
20666:
20661:
20656:
20651:
20646:
20641:
20636:
20631:
20626:
20621:
20616:
20611:
20606:
20601:
20596:
20591:
20586:
20581:
20576:
20571:
20566:
20561:
20556:
20551:
20546:
20540:
20535:
20530:
20525:
20520:
20515:
20510:
20505:
20500:
20495:
20490:
20485:
20480:
20475:
20470:
20465:
20460:
20455:
20449:
20447:
20441:
20440:
20438:
20437:
20432:
20427:
20422:
20417:
20412:
20407:
20402:
20397:
20392:
20387:
20382:
20377:
20372:
20367:
20362:
20357:
20352:
20347:
20342:
20337:
20332:
20327:
20322:
20316:
20311:
20306:
20300:
20298:
20292:
20291:
20289:
20288:
20283:
20278:
20273:
20268:
20263:
20258:
20253:
20248:
20243:
20238:
20233:
20228:
20223:
20218:
20212:
20210:
20204:
20203:
20201:
20200:
20195:
20190:
20185:
20180:
20175:
20170:
20165:
20160:
20155:
20150:
20145:
20140:
20134:
20132:
20120:
20112:
20111:
20108:
20107:
20104:
20103:
20101:
20100:
20094:
20091:
20090:
20088:
20087:
20082:
20077:
20072:
20067:
20062:
20056:
20051:
20046:
20041:
20036:
20031:
20026:
20021:
20016:
20011:
20006:
20001:
19996:
19991:
19986:
19981:
19976:
19971:
19965:
19960:
19955:
19949:
19944:
19939:
19934:
19929:
19924:
19919:
19914:
19909:
19904:
19898:
19896:
19888:
19887:
19885:
19884:
19879:
19874:
19869:
19864:
19859:
19854:
19849:
19844:
19839:
19834:
19829:
19823:
19818:
19812:
19810:
19806:
19805:
19803:
19802:
19797:
19792:
19786:
19784:
19780:
19779:
19777:
19776:
19771:
19766:
19760:
19758:
19754:
19753:
19751:
19750:
19745:
19740:
19735:
19730:
19725:
19719:
19717:
19710:
19702:
19701:
19699:
19698:
19693:
19687:
19685:
19681:
19680:
19678:
19677:
19672:
19667:
19662:
19656:
19654:
19647:
19636:
19628:
19627:
19624:
19623:
19621:
19620:
19615:
19610:
19605:
19600:
19595:
19590:
19585:
19580:
19575:
19570:
19565:
19560:
19554:
19549:
19544:
19539:
19534:
19529:
19524:
19518:
19516:
19510:
19509:
19507:
19506:
19501:
19496:
19491:
19486:
19481:
19476:
19470:
19468:
19461:
19453:
19452:
19449:
19448:
19446:
19445:
19444:
19443:
19440:
19432:
19427:
19421:
19419:
19413:
19412:
19410:
19409:
19404:
19399:
19393:
19391:
19387:
19386:
19384:
19383:
19378:
19373:
19367:
19365:
19358:
19352:
19351:
19349:
19348:
19343:
19337:
19335:
19333:Saint Matthias
19329:
19328:
19325:
19324:
19322:
19321:
19316:
19311:
19306:
19300:
19293:
19291:
19287:
19286:
19284:
19283:
19278:
19273:
19268:
19263:
19257:
19252:
19246:
19244:
19240:
19239:
19237:
19236:
19229:
19223:
19214:
19208:
19207:
19204:
19203:
19200:
19199:
19197:
19196:
19191:
19186:
19180:
19178:
19174:
19173:
19171:
19170:
19165:
19160:
19155:
19150:
19145:
19140:
19135:
19130:
19125:
19120:
19114:
19112:
19106:
19105:
19103:
19102:
19097:
19092:
19087:
19081:
19079:
19070:
19064:
19063:
19060:
19059:
19057:
19056:
19051:
19046:
19041:
19036:
19031:
19026:
19020:
19018:
19012:
19011:
19009:
19008:
19002:
19000:
18996:
18995:
18993:
18992:
18987:
18981:
18979:
18975:
18974:
18972:
18971:
18966:
18960:
18958:
18954:
18953:
18951:
18950:
18945:
18939:
18937:
18930:
18924:
18923:
18921:
18920:
18914:
18908:
18903:
18898:
18891:
18885:
18875:
18874:
18862:
18861:
18858:
18857:
18854:
18853:
18850:
18849:
18846:
18845:
18842:
18841:
18839:
18838:
18833:
18828:
18823:
18818:
18813:
18807:
18802:
18797:
18792:
18787:
18782:
18777:
18772:
18767:
18762:
18757:
18751:
18745:
18743:
18736:
18735:
18733:
18732:
18727:
18722:
18717:
18712:
18707:
18700:
18694:
18688:
18687:
18685:
18684:
18679:
18674:
18669:
18663:
18658:
18653:
18648:
18643:
18638:
18632:
18626:
18622:
18621:
18619:
18618:
18613:
18608:
18603:
18597:
18591:
18586:
18581:
18575:
18573:
18569:
18568:
18566:
18565:
18559:
18553:
18550:Central Maluku
18546:
18545:
18543:
18542:
18536:
18534:
18530:
18529:
18526:
18525:
18523:
18522:
18516:
18510:
18505:
18499:
18497:
18493:
18492:
18490:
18489:
18484:
18479:
18474:
18469:
18464:
18459:
18454:
18449:
18444:
18438:
18436:
18430:
18429:
18427:
18426:
18421:
18416:
18411:
18406:
18401:
18396:
18391:
18386:
18380:
18378:
18372:
18371:
18369:
18368:
18362:
18357:
18352:
18347:
18341:
18339:
18335:
18334:
18332:
18331:
18325:
18319:
18314:
18309:
18303:
18301:
18295:
18294:
18292:
18291:
18286:
18281:
18275:
18273:
18269:
18268:
18266:
18265:
18260:
18255:
18250:
18244:
18242:
18238:
18237:
18235:
18234:
18229:
18224:
18218:
18212:
18205:
18204:
18202:
18201:
18196:
18191:
18186:
18181:
18176:
18171:
18166:
18161:
18156:
18151:
18146:
18140:
18138:
18132:
18131:
18129:
18128:
18123:
18118:
18113:
18108:
18103:
18097:
18095:
18088:
18087:
18085:
18084:
18079:
18073:
18071:
18065:
18064:
18061:
18060:
18058:
18057:
18052:
18047:
18042:
18037:
18032:
18027:
18022:
18017:
18012:
18007:
18001:
17999:
17995:
17994:
17992:
17991:
17986:
17980:
17974:
17972:Flores–Lembata
17968:
17967:
17964:
17963:
17961:
17960:
17955:
17950:
17945:
17940:
17935:
17930:
17925:
17920:
17915:
17910:
17905:
17900:
17895:
17889:
17887:
17886:Western Flores
17883:
17882:
17879:
17878:
17876:
17875:
17874:
17873:
17863:
17858:
17853:
17848:
17843:
17838:
17833:
17828:
17822:
17820:
17814:
17813:
17811:
17810:
17805:
17799:
17797:
17788:
17779:
17773:
17772:
17770:
17769:
17763:
17761:
17753:
17752:
17740:
17739:
17736:
17735:
17732:
17731:
17729:
17728:
17723:
17717:
17715:
17711:
17710:
17707:
17706:
17704:
17703:
17697:
17694:
17693:
17690:
17689:
17687:
17686:
17681:
17675:
17670:
17669:
17668:
17658:
17652:
17650:
17646:
17645:
17643:
17642:
17637:
17632:
17627:
17622:
17616:
17614:
17610:
17609:
17607:
17606:
17601:
17596:
17591:
17585:
17583:
17579:
17578:
17576:
17575:
17570:
17564:
17558:
17552:
17551:
17548:
17547:
17545:
17544:
17539:
17534:
17528:
17526:
17520:
17519:
17517:
17516:
17511:
17506:
17501:
17495:
17493:
17484:
17480:
17479:
17477:
17476:
17471:
17469:Highland Konjo
17466:
17461:
17456:
17450:
17448:
17442:
17441:
17439:
17438:
17433:
17428:
17423:
17417:
17415:
17408:
17406:South Sulawesi
17402:
17401:
17398:
17397:
17394:
17393:
17391:
17390:
17385:
17380:
17374:
17369:
17364:
17358:
17356:
17350:
17349:
17346:
17345:
17343:
17342:
17337:
17332:
17327:
17322:
17317:
17312:
17307:
17302:
17296:
17290:
17281:
17277:
17276:
17274:
17273:
17267:
17262:
17257:
17252:
17247:
17242:
17237:
17232:
17226:
17220:
17218:
17211:
17210:
17208:
17207:
17202:
17197:
17192:
17187:
17182:
17176:
17174:
17172:Saluan–Banggai
17168:
17167:
17165:
17164:
17159:
17154:
17149:
17144:
17139:
17134:
17129:
17124:
17119:
17113:
17111:
17105:
17104:
17102:
17101:
17096:
17091:
17086:
17081:
17076:
17071:
17066:
17061:
17056:
17051:
17046:
17041:
17035:
17033:
17024:
17018:
17017:
17015:
17014:
17009:
17004:
16998:
16996:
16988:
16987:
16985:
16984:
16979:
16973:
16971:
16967:
16966:
16964:
16963:
16962:
16961:
16956:
16951:
16946:
16934:
16932:
16928:
16927:
16925:
16924:
16919:
16916:
16913:
16907:
16905:
16901:
16900:
16897:
16896:
16894:
16893:
16886:
16883:
16882:
16879:
16878:
16876:
16875:
16870:
16865:
16860:
16855:
16850:
16845:
16839:
16837:
16831:
16830:
16828:
16827:
16822:
16817:
16812:
16807:
16802:
16795:
16789:
16778:
16774:
16773:
16770:
16769:
16767:
16766:
16761:
16755:
16753:
16746:
16745:
16743:
16742:
16736:
16734:
16730:
16729:
16727:
16726:
16725:
16724:
16719:
16714:
16709:
16697:
16695:
16691:
16690:
16687:
16686:
16683:
16682:
16680:
16679:
16674:
16669:
16664:
16659:
16654:
16649:
16644:
16639:
16634:
16629:
16624:
16619:
16614:
16609:
16604:
16599:
16594:
16589:
16584:
16579:
16573:
16568:
16563:
16558:
16553:
16548:
16543:
16538:
16533:
16528:
16523:
16518:
16513:
16508:
16507:
16506:
16501:
16490:
16487:
16486:
16484:
16483:
16478:
16473:
16468:
16462:
16456:
16454:
16445:
16441:
16440:
16438:
16437:
16432:
16427:
16422:
16417:
16412:
16407:
16402:
16396:
16394:
16385:
16381:
16380:
16378:
16377:
16372:
16367:
16362:
16357:
16352:
16347:
16342:
16337:
16332:
16327:
16322:
16317:
16311:
16309:
16303:
16302:
16300:
16299:
16294:
16289:
16284:
16279:
16274:
16269:
16264:
16259:
16254:
16248:
16246:
16240:
16239:
16237:
16236:
16230:
16224:
16219:
16214:
16209:
16207:Bah-Biau Punan
16204:
16199:
16194:
16189:
16184:
16179:
16174:
16169:
16164:
16159:
16154:
16148:
16146:
16140:
16139:
16136:
16135:
16133:
16132:
16127:
16122:
16117:
16112:
16107:
16102:
16097:
16092:
16087:
16082:
16077:
16071:
16066:
16061:
16056:
16051:
16045:
16043:
16036:
16035:
16032:
16031:
16028:
16027:
16025:
16024:
16022:Sesayap Tidong
16019:
16017:Nonukan Tidong
16014:
16009:
16004:
15999:
15994:
15989:
15984:
15979:
15974:
15969:
15963:
15961:
15955:
15954:
15952:
15951:
15946:
15939:
15933:
15927:
15926:
15923:
15922:
15920:
15919:
15914:
15909:
15904:
15898:
15896:
15890:
15889:
15887:
15886:
15881:
15876:
15871:
15866:
15861:
15860:
15859:
15854:
15845:
15843:
15837:
15836:
15834:
15833:
15828:
15822:
15820:
15813:
15804:
15797:
15796:
15794:
15793:
15787:
15782:
15776:
15774:
15764:
15763:North Borneo *
15757:
15748:
15747:
15744:
15743:
15737:
15734:
15733:
15730:
15729:
15727:
15726:
15721:
15716:
15711:
15706:
15701:
15696:
15690:
15688:
15682:
15681:
15679:
15678:
15673:
15668:
15663:
15658:
15653:
15648:
15643:
15638:
15633:
15628:
15623:
15618:
15613:
15608:
15607:
15606:
15595:
15589:
15580:
15576:
15575:
15572:
15571:
15568:
15567:
15565:
15564:
15559:
15553:
15547:
15545:
15541:
15540:
15538:
15537:
15535:Umiray Dumaget
15532:
15527:
15521:
15515:
15514:Other branches
15511:
15510:
15508:
15507:
15502:
15497:
15492:
15487:
15481:
15479:
15473:
15472:
15470:
15469:
15464:
15459:
15454:
15448:
15446:
15440:
15439:
15437:
15436:
15431:
15426:
15420:
15418:
15412:
15411:
15409:
15408:
15403:
15397:
15395:
15389:
15388:
15385:
15384:
15382:
15381:
15376:
15371:
15366:
15361:
15356:
15351:
15346:
15341:
15335:
15333:
15327:
15326:
15324:
15323:
15318:
15313:
15308:
15303:
15298:
15293:
15288:
15283:
15278:
15273:
15268:
15263:
15257:
15255:
15249:
15248:
15246:
15245:
15240:
15235:
15229:
15227:
15221:
15220:
15218:
15217:
15211:
15209:
15203:
15202:
15200:
15199:
15194:
15189:
15184:
15179:
15173:
15171:
15165:
15164:
15161:
15160:
15158:
15157:
15150:
15148:
15147:(unclassified)
15144:
15143:
15141:
15140:
15135:
15130:
15125:
15120:
15115:
15109:
15107:
15101:
15100:
15098:
15097:
15092:
15087:
15082:
15077:
15072:
15067:
15062:
15057:
15052:
15047:
15042:
15037:
15032:
15027:
15022:
15017:
15012:
15011:
15010:
15003:
14991:
14986:
14981:
14976:
14971:
14966:
14961:
14955:
14953:
14947:
14946:
14944:
14943:
14938:
14933:
14928:
14923:
14918:
14913:
14907:
14905:
14899:
14898:
14896:
14895:
14894:
14893:
14886:
14873:
14868:
14862:
14860:
14853:
14847:
14846:
14844:
14843:
14838:
14833:
14827:
14825:
14816:
14808:
14807:
14805:
14804:
14799:
14794:
14788:
14786:
14780:
14779:
14776:
14775:
14773:
14772:
14767:
14762:
14757:
14752:
14747:
14742:
14737:
14731:
14729:
14723:
14722:
14720:
14719:
14713:
14707:
14701:
14695:
14694:
14691:
14690:
14687:
14686:
14684:
14683:
14678:
14673:
14668:
14663:
14658:
14652:
14650:
14644:
14643:
14641:
14640:
14635:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14610:
14605:
14599:
14597:
14591:
14590:
14588:
14587:
14582:
14576:
14570:
14564:
14563:
14561:
14560:
14555:
14550:
14545:
14540:
14535:
14530:
14525:
14519:
14517:
14515:Cagayan Valley
14511:
14510:
14508:
14507:
14502:
14496:
14490:
14484:
14482:Northern Luzon
14478:
14477:
14475:
14474:
14469:
14464:
14458:
14456:
14447:
14431:
14430:
14414:
14413:
14401:
14400:
14397:
14396:
14393:
14392:
14390:
14389:
14384:
14379:
14373:
14371:
14367:
14366:
14363:
14362:
14360:
14359:
14353:
14346:
14344:
14338:
14337:
14335:
14334:
14329:
14323:
14321:
14317:
14316:
14314:
14313:
14307:
14302:
14295:
14293:
14286:
14280:
14279:
14276:
14275:
14273:
14272:
14266:
14260:
14254:
14249:
14243:
14237:
14231:
14229:
14223:
14222:
14220:
14219:
14214:
14208:
14206:
14197:
14191:
14190:
14188:
14187:
14182:
14177:
14171:
14169:
14163:
14162:
14160:
14159:
14153:
14151:
14141:
14140:
14128:
14127:
14120:
14119:
14112:
14105:
14097:
14071:
14070:
14068:
14067:
14062:
14056:
14054:
14053:Sign languages
14050:
14049:
14046:
14045:
14043:
14042:
14037:
14032:
14026:
14024:
14018:
14017:
14015:
14014:
14009:
14004:
13999:
13994:
13988:
13986:
13977:
13976:Non-Indigenous
13973:
13972:
13969:
13968:
13966:
13965:
13960:
13955:
13950:
13945:
13940:
13935:
13930:
13929:
13928:
13923:
13918:
13913:
13908:
13903:
13893:
13888:
13883:
13877:
13875:
13869:
13868:
13866:
13865:
13860:
13854:
13852:
13846:
13845:
13843:
13842:
13837:
13832:
13827:
13826:
13825:
13818:
13811:
13799:
13793:
13791:
13785:
13784:
13782:
13781:
13776:
13771:
13766:
13761:
13756:
13751:
13746:
13741:
13736:
13735:
13734:
13727:
13715:
13710:
13705:
13700:
13695:
13689:
13687:
13678:
13668:
13667:
13664:
13663:
13661:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13644:
13642:
13638:
13637:
13635:
13634:
13628:
13626:
13622:
13621:
13619:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13597:
13595:
13591:
13590:
13588:
13587:
13582:
13576:
13574:
13567:
13561:
13560:
13558:
13557:
13551:
13549:
13545:
13544:
13526:
13525:
13518:
13511:
13503:
13494:
13493:
13491:
13490:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13455:
13450:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13429:
13427:
13423:
13422:
13420:
13419:
13414:
13408:
13406:
13400:
13399:
13397:
13396:
13390:
13388:
13382:
13381:
13374:
13373:
13366:
13359:
13351:
13342:
13341:
13330:
13327:
13326:
13324:
13323:
13318:
13313:
13307:
13305:
13301:
13300:
13298:
13297:
13292:
13287:
13282:
13277:
13272:
13267:
13261:
13259:
13255:
13254:
13252:
13251:
13246:
13240:
13238:
13234:
13233:
13226:
13225:
13218:
13211:
13203:
13194:
13193:
13190:
13189:
13187:
13186:
13181:
13176:
13171:
13166:
13164:Pretoria Sotho
13161:
13156:
13154:Oorlams Creole
13151:
13145:
13143:
13139:
13138:
13136:
13135:
13128:
13122:
13120:
13111:
13107:
13106:
13103:
13102:
13100:
13099:
13094:
13089:
13083:
13081:
13077:
13076:
13074:
13073:
13068:
13063:
13058:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13026:
13024:
13020:
13019:
13017:
13016:
13011:
13006:
13001:
12996:
12991:
12986:
12981:
12976:
12971:
12965:
12963:
12956:
12944:
12943:
12940:
12939:
12936:
12935:
12933:
12932:
12923:
12921:
12917:
12916:
12914:
12913:
12904:
12902:
12896:
12895:
12893:
12892:
12884:
12876:
12868:
12859:
12857:
12851:
12850:
12848:
12847:
12839:
12831:
12822:
12820:
12811:
12809:Southern Bantu
12805:
12804:
12802:
12801:
12796:
12790:
12788:
12779:
12775:
12774:
12772:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12755:
12752:
12751:
12744:
12743:
12736:
12729:
12721:
12712:
12711:
12709:
12708:
12702:
12700:
12699:Sign languages
12696:
12695:
12692:
12691:
12689:
12688:
12683:
12678:
12673:
12668:
12663:
12658:
12653:
12648:
12642:
12640:
12636:
12635:
12633:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12611:
12610:
12605:
12600:
12590:
12585:
12579:
12577:
12571:
12570:
12568:
12567:
12566:
12565:
12560:
12555:
12550:
12545:
12540:
12530:
12529:
12528:
12523:
12512:
12510:
12504:
12503:
12501:
12500:
12499:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12457:
12455:
12446:
12442:
12441:
12439:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12413:
12407:
12405:
12401:
12400:
12398:
12397:
12392:
12388:
12386:
12382:
12381:
12378:
12377:
12375:
12374:
12369:
12364:
12359:
12353:
12351:
12347:
12346:
12344:
12343:
12337:
12335:
12328:
12327:Main languages
12324:
12323:
12316:
12315:
12308:
12301:
12293:
12284:
12283:
12281:
12280:
12277:
12273:
12270:
12269:
12266:
12265:
12263:
12262:
12257:
12251:
12249:
12245:
12244:
12242:
12241:
12240:
12239:
12228:
12226:
12219:
12213:
12212:
12210:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12169:
12164:
12163:
12162:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12127:
12122:
12116:
12114:
12108:
12107:
12105:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12088:
12086:
12082:
12081:
12079:
12078:
12077:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12035:
12033:
12027:
12026:
12023:
12022:
12020:
12019:
12013:
12011:
12007:
12006:
12004:
12003:
12002:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
11975:
11973:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11965:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11935:
11934:
11933:
11923:
11918:
11912:
11910:
11904:
11903:
11901:
11900:
11899:
11898:
11893:
11888:
11883:
11873:
11872:
11871:
11866:
11865:
11864:
11854:
11843:
11841:
11837:
11836:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11831:
11830:
11829:
11819:
11818:
11817:
11816:
11815:
11814:
11813:
11803:
11802:
11801:
11799:Penang Hokkien
11796:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11770:
11769:
11764:
11749:
11744:
11743:
11742:
11741:
11740:
11719:
11717:
11710:
11704:
11703:
11700:
11699:
11697:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11629:Selungai Murut
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11579:Punan Bah-Biau
11576:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11559:Nonukan Tidong
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11506:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11481:
11479:Keningau Murut
11476:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11341:
11336:
11330:
11328:
11320:
11319:
11317:
11316:
11311:
11306:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11241:
11236:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11135:
11133:
11125:
11124:
11122:
11121:
11115:
11113:
11106:
11095:
11094:
11092:
11091:
11090:
11089:
11079:
11078:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11042:
11041:
11040:
11029:
11027:
11021:
11020:
11017:
11016:
11014:
11013:
11012:
11011:
11001:
10995:
10993:
10984:
10980:
10979:
10972:
10971:
10964:
10957:
10949:
10940:
10939:
10933:
10930:
10929:
10926:
10925:
10922:
10921:
10919:
10918:
10913:
10907:
10905:
10903:Sign languages
10899:
10898:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10880:
10879:
10866:
10864:
10860:
10859:
10857:
10856:
10855:
10854:
10847:
10840:
10827:
10825:
10823:Middle Eastern
10819:
10818:
10816:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10764:
10762:
10756:
10755:
10753:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10741:
10740:
10727:
10725:
10719:
10718:
10716:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10699:
10698:
10691:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10648:
10646:
10637:
10633:
10632:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10625:
10620:
10615:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10588:
10582:
10577:
10571:
10566:
10560:
10554:
10552:
10544:
10543:
10541:
10540:
10539:
10538:
10526:
10525:
10524:
10512:
10507:
10506:
10505:
10493:
10488:
10486:Makassar Malay
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10451:Balinese Malay
10448:
10443:
10441:Ambonese Malay
10438:
10432:
10430:
10421:
10407:
10406:
10396:
10395:
10392:
10391:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10384:
10379:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10307:
10305:
10301:
10300:
10298:
10297:
10292:
10286:
10284:
10278:
10277:
10275:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10252:Ngkolmpu Kanum
10248:
10246:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10236:
10231:
10226:
10221:
10215:
10213:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10187:
10185:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10175:
10169:
10167:
10161:
10160:
10158:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10121:
10119:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10093:
10091:
10085:
10084:
10082:
10081:
10076:
10070:
10068:
10062:
10061:
10059:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10042:
10040:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10019:
10017:
10011:
10010:
10008:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9981:
9979:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9969:
9964:
9958:
9956:
9950:
9949:
9947:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9920:
9918:
9912:
9911:
9909:
9908:
9902:
9900:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9849:
9847:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9781:
9779:
9773:
9772:
9770:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9748:
9746:
9740:
9739:
9737:
9736:
9731:
9725:
9723:
9717:
9716:
9714:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9662:
9660:
9654:
9653:
9651:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9554:
9552:
9546:
9545:
9543:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9381:
9379:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9293:
9291:
9285:
9284:
9282:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9255:
9253:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9197:
9195:
9189:
9188:
9186:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9169:
9167:
9161:
9160:
9158:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9131:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9058:
9056:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9015:
9013:
9007:
9006:
9004:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8952:
8950:
8944:
8943:
8941:
8940:
8935:
8933:Western Pantar
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8849:
8847:
8841:
8840:
8838:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8766:
8764:
8754:
8753:
8741:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8663:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8480:
8478:
8472:
8471:
8469:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8327:
8325:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8304:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8289:
8287:
8281:
8280:
8278:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8246:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8028:
8026:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8000:
7993:
7986:
7979:
7972:
7965:
7958:
7951:
7939:
7934:
7928:
7926:
7924:Flores–Lembata
7920:
7919:
7917:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7737:
7731:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7717:
7710:
7703:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7635:
7633:
7631:Central Maluku
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7562:
7560:
7550:
7549:
7537:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7500:
7498:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7462:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7404:
7402:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7392:
7386:
7384:
7375:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7356:
7349:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7310:
7303:
7296:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7144:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7086:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6894:Highland Konjo
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6835:
6833:
6831:South Sulawesi
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6736:
6734:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6702:
6700:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6337:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6155:
6148:
6136:
6134:Mempawah Malay
6131:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6075:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6034:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6005:Ketapang Malay
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5948:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5889:Belitung Malay
5886:
5884:Batubara Malay
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5857:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5820:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5789:
5787:
5779:
5778:
5766:
5765:
5751:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5728:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5666:
5661:
5654:
5653:External links
5651:
5650:
5649:
5638:
5612:(3): 715–749.
5601:
5595:
5580:
5559:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5484:
5458:
5446:
5409:
5360:
5345:
5314:
5295:(2): 347–361.
5279:
5264:
5249:
5228:(2): 209–213.
5208:
5193:
5186:
5162:
5148:(2): 259–268.
5125:
5118:
5098:
5076:
5051:
5029:
5022:
4999:
4992:
4972:
4953:
4935:
4909:
4902:
4871:
4852:(3): 315–330.
4829:
4826:Adelaar (2004)
4818:
4803:
4796:
4771:
4751:(3): 266–280.
4731:
4714:
4699:
4666:
4641:
4626:
4613:
4589:
4559:
4486:Standard Malay
4424:
4417:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4367:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:Malajoe Batawi
4329:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4186:
4183:
4143:in Manado and
4078:Ambonese Malay
4070:Makassar Malay
3826:British Ceylon
3812:
3811:
3762:
3760:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3709:Songkhla Malay
3681:Ambonese Malay
3677:Makassar Malay
3475:Main article:
3472:
3469:
3431:
3430:
3410:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3393:
3344:
3342:
3335:
3326:Main article:
3323:
3320:
3291:'already' and
3226:Main article:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:East Indonesia
3113:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2986:Pronunciation
2979:
2977:Pronunciation
2973:
2971:Pronunciation
2967:
2939:respectively.
2853:
2852:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2713:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2685:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2561:
2551:
2550:
2544:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2414:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1974:
1962:
1959:
1955:tonal language
1947:Main article:
1944:
1941:
1810:
1807:
1642:Malay alphabet
1640:Main article:
1637:
1636:Writing system
1634:
1575:Southeast Asia
1560:
1559:Classification
1557:
1547:first language
1523:Maluku Islands
1312:Main article:
1309:
1306:
1273:
1270:
1266:mixed language
1262:Makassar Malay
1258:Ambonese Malay
1042:
1041:
1034:
1024:
1018:
1016: Malaysia
1012:
1006:
1004:
996:
995:
988:
982:
981:
974:
966:
965:
923:Makassar Malay
733:Balinese Malay
693:Standard Malay
655:
647:
646:
619:
611:
610:
601:
593:
592:
591:Language codes
588:
587:
585:
584:
578:
575:
569:
563:
556:
554:
548:
547:
544:
543:
525:
507:
485:
484:
482:
477:
474:
473:
471:
470:
452:
439:
426:
408:
394:
392:
389:
386:
385:
381:
380:
375:
368:
365:
364:
362:
361:
347:Pallava script
339:
333:
322:
312:
309:Malay alphabet
301:
299:
295:Writing system
292:
289:
288:
286:
285:
267:
254:
252:
250:Standard forms
249:
246:
245:
243:
242:
241:
240:
226:
224:
221:
218:
217:
215:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
191:
189:
182:
179:
178:
169:Total (L1 and
162:
158:
157:
155:
154:
147:
137:
131:
129:
125:
124:
114:South Thailand
91:
90:Native to
87:
86:
79:
75:
74:
60:
59:
55:
54:
26:
18:Malay-language
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22581:
22570:
22567:
22565:
22562:
22560:
22557:
22555:
22552:
22550:
22547:
22545:
22542:
22540:
22537:
22535:
22532:
22530:
22527:
22525:
22522:
22521:
22519:
22497:
22493:
22490:
22487:
22486:
22482:
22444:
22441:
22439:
22436:
22433:
22430:
22429:
22427:
22425:
22421:
22411:
22408:
22406:
22403:
22401:
22398:
22396:
22393:
22391:
22388:
22386:
22383:
22381:
22378:
22376:
22373:
22371:
22368:
22366:
22363:
22362:
22360:
22356:
22350:
22347:
22345:
22342:
22340:
22337:
22335:
22332:
22330:
22327:
22325:
22322:
22320:
22317:
22312:
22309:
22308:
22307:
22304:
22302:
22299:
22297:
22294:
22292:
22289:
22287:
22284:
22283:
22281:
22277:
22271:
22268:
22266:
22263:
22260:
22257:
22256:
22254:
22252:
22248:
22242:
22239:
22237:
22234:
22232:
22229:
22227:
22224:
22222:
22219:
22217:
22214:
22212:
22209:
22207:
22204:
22203:
22200:
22197:
22195:
22189:
22186:
22184:
22180:
22174:
22171:
22169:
22166:
22164:
22161:
22159:
22156:
22155:
22152:
22149:
22145:
22139:
22136:
22134:
22131:
22129:
22126:
22125:
22123:
22119:
22116:
22114:
22108:
22090:
22087:
22085:
22082:
22080:
22077:
22075:
22072:
22071:
22069:
22067:
22063:
22057:
22054:
22052:
22049:
22047:
22044:
22042:
22039:
22037:
22034:
22032:
22029:
22027:
22024:
22022:
22019:
22017:
22014:
22012:
22009:
22006:
22003:
22001:
21998:
21996:
21993:
21992:
21990:
21988:
21984:
21981:
21979:
21973:
21967:
21964:
21962:
21959:
21957:
21954:
21953:
21950:
21947:
21941:
21935:
21932:
21931:
21928:
21925:
21923:
21919:
21897:
21894:
21891:
21888:
21886:
21883:
21881:
21878:
21876:
21873:
21871:
21868:
21866:
21863:
21861:
21858:
21856:
21853:
21851:
21848:
21846:
21843:
21841:
21838:
21836:
21833:
21831:
21828:
21826:
21823:
21821:
21818:
21816:
21813:
21811:
21808:
21807:
21805:
21801:
21794:
21791:
21789:
21786:
21784:
21781:
21779:
21776:
21774:
21771:
21769:
21766:
21764:
21761:
21759:
21756:
21754:
21751:
21749:
21746:
21744:
21741:
21740:
21738:
21734:
21731:
21727:
21721:
21718:
21716:
21713:
21711:
21708:
21707:
21705:
21701:
21698:
21696:New Caledonia
21692:
21682:
21679:
21678:
21675:
21669:
21666:
21664:
21661:
21659:
21656:
21654:
21651:
21649:
21646:
21645:
21643:
21639:
21632:
21629:
21627:
21624:
21621:
21618:
21616:
21613:
21612:
21610:
21606:
21603:
21601:
21600:South Vanuatu
21597:
21587:
21584:
21582:
21579:
21577:
21574:
21572:
21569:
21567:
21564:
21562:
21559:
21557:
21554:
21552:
21549:
21547:
21544:
21542:
21539:
21537:
21534:
21532:
21529:
21527:
21526:Port Sandwich
21524:
21522:
21519:
21517:
21514:
21512:
21509:
21507:
21504:
21502:
21499:
21497:
21494:
21492:
21489:
21487:
21484:
21482:
21479:
21477:
21474:
21472:
21469:
21467:
21464:
21462:
21459:
21457:
21454:
21452:
21449:
21447:
21444:
21442:
21439:
21437:
21434:
21432:
21429:
21427:
21424:
21422:
21419:
21417:
21414:
21412:
21409:
21407:
21404:
21402:
21399:
21398:
21396:
21394:
21390:
21384:
21381:
21379:
21376:
21374:
21371:
21369:
21366:
21364:
21361:
21359:
21356:
21355:
21353:
21351:
21347:
21341:
21338:
21336:
21333:
21331:
21328:
21326:
21323:
21321:
21318:
21316:
21313:
21311:
21308:
21306:
21303:
21301:
21298:
21296:
21293:
21291:
21288:
21286:
21283:
21282:
21280:
21278:
21272:
21269:
21261:
21251:
21248:
21246:
21243:
21241:
21238:
21236:
21233:
21231:
21228:
21226:
21223:
21221:
21218:
21216:
21213:
21211:
21208:
21206:
21203:
21201:
21198:
21196:
21193:
21189:
21186:
21185:
21184:
21181:
21179:
21176:
21173:
21170:
21168:
21165:
21164:
21162:
21160:
21156:
21149:
21146:
21144:
21141:
21139:
21136:
21134:
21131:
21130:
21128:
21124:
21118:
21115:
21113:
21110:
21108:
21105:
21103:
21100:
21098:
21095:
21093:
21090:
21089:
21087:
21081:
21075:
21072:
21069:
21066:
21064:
21061:
21059:
21056:
21054:
21051:
21049:
21046:
21044:
21041:
21039:
21036:
21034:
21031:
21029:
21026:
21024:
21021:
21019:
21016:
21014:
21011:
21009:
21006:
21004:
21001:
20999:
20996:
20994:
20991:
20990:
20988:
20986:
20982:
20979:
20977:
20971:
20968:
20966:
20960:
20946:
20943:
20941:
20938:
20937:
20935:
20931:
20925:
20922:
20920:
20917:
20915:
20912:
20910:
20907:
20906:
20904:
20900:
20894:
20891:
20889:
20886:
20884:
20881:
20879:
20876:
20874:
20871:
20869:
20866:
20864:
20861:
20859:
20856:
20854:
20851:
20849:
20846:
20844:
20841:
20839:
20836:
20834:
20831:
20829:
20826:
20824:
20821:
20819:
20816:
20814:
20811:
20809:
20806:
20804:
20801:
20799:
20796:
20794:
20791:
20789:
20786:
20784:
20781:
20779:
20776:
20774:
20771:
20769:
20766:
20764:
20761:
20759:
20756:
20754:
20751:
20749:
20746:
20744:
20741:
20739:
20736:
20734:
20731:
20729:
20726:
20724:
20721:
20719:
20716:
20714:
20711:
20709:
20706:
20704:
20701:
20699:
20696:
20695:
20693:
20689:
20686:
20684:
20680:
20670:
20667:
20665:
20662:
20660:
20657:
20655:
20652:
20650:
20647:
20645:
20642:
20640:
20637:
20635:
20632:
20630:
20627:
20625:
20622:
20620:
20617:
20615:
20612:
20610:
20607:
20605:
20602:
20600:
20597:
20595:
20592:
20590:
20589:Lesing-Gelimi
20587:
20585:
20582:
20580:
20577:
20575:
20572:
20570:
20567:
20565:
20562:
20560:
20557:
20555:
20552:
20550:
20547:
20544:
20541:
20539:
20536:
20534:
20531:
20529:
20526:
20524:
20521:
20519:
20516:
20514:
20511:
20509:
20506:
20504:
20501:
20499:
20496:
20494:
20491:
20489:
20486:
20484:
20481:
20479:
20476:
20474:
20471:
20469:
20466:
20464:
20461:
20459:
20456:
20454:
20451:
20450:
20448:
20446:
20442:
20436:
20433:
20431:
20428:
20426:
20423:
20421:
20418:
20416:
20413:
20411:
20408:
20406:
20403:
20401:
20398:
20396:
20393:
20391:
20388:
20386:
20383:
20381:
20378:
20376:
20373:
20371:
20368:
20366:
20363:
20361:
20358:
20356:
20353:
20351:
20348:
20346:
20343:
20341:
20338:
20336:
20333:
20331:
20328:
20326:
20323:
20320:
20317:
20315:
20312:
20310:
20307:
20305:
20302:
20301:
20299:
20297:
20293:
20287:
20284:
20282:
20279:
20277:
20274:
20272:
20269:
20267:
20264:
20262:
20259:
20257:
20254:
20252:
20249:
20247:
20244:
20242:
20239:
20237:
20234:
20232:
20229:
20227:
20224:
20222:
20219:
20217:
20214:
20213:
20211:
20209:
20205:
20199:
20196:
20194:
20191:
20189:
20186:
20184:
20181:
20179:
20176:
20174:
20171:
20169:
20166:
20164:
20161:
20159:
20156:
20154:
20151:
20149:
20146:
20144:
20141:
20139:
20136:
20135:
20133:
20130:
20124:
20121:
20119:
20113:
20099:
20096:
20095:
20092:
20086:
20083:
20081:
20078:
20076:
20073:
20071:
20068:
20066:
20063:
20060:
20057:
20055:
20052:
20050:
20047:
20045:
20042:
20040:
20037:
20035:
20032:
20030:
20027:
20025:
20022:
20020:
20017:
20015:
20012:
20010:
20007:
20005:
20002:
20000:
19997:
19995:
19992:
19990:
19987:
19985:
19982:
19980:
19977:
19975:
19972:
19969:
19966:
19964:
19961:
19959:
19956:
19953:
19950:
19948:
19945:
19943:
19940:
19938:
19935:
19933:
19930:
19928:
19925:
19923:
19920:
19918:
19915:
19913:
19910:
19908:
19905:
19903:
19900:
19899:
19897:
19895:
19889:
19883:
19880:
19878:
19875:
19873:
19870:
19868:
19865:
19863:
19860:
19858:
19855:
19853:
19850:
19848:
19845:
19843:
19840:
19838:
19835:
19833:
19830:
19827:
19824:
19822:
19819:
19817:
19814:
19813:
19811:
19807:
19801:
19798:
19796:
19793:
19791:
19788:
19787:
19785:
19781:
19775:
19772:
19770:
19767:
19765:
19762:
19761:
19759:
19755:
19749:
19746:
19744:
19741:
19739:
19736:
19734:
19731:
19729:
19726:
19724:
19721:
19720:
19718:
19714:
19711:
19703:
19697:
19694:
19692:
19689:
19688:
19686:
19682:
19676:
19673:
19671:
19668:
19666:
19663:
19661:
19658:
19657:
19655:
19651:
19648:
19646:
19640:
19637:
19635:
19629:
19619:
19616:
19614:
19611:
19609:
19606:
19604:
19601:
19599:
19596:
19594:
19591:
19589:
19586:
19584:
19581:
19579:
19576:
19574:
19571:
19569:
19566:
19564:
19561:
19558:
19555:
19553:
19550:
19548:
19545:
19543:
19540:
19538:
19535:
19533:
19530:
19528:
19525:
19523:
19520:
19519:
19517:
19515:San Cristobal
19511:
19505:
19502:
19500:
19497:
19495:
19492:
19490:
19487:
19485:
19482:
19480:
19477:
19475:
19472:
19471:
19469:
19465:
19462:
19460:
19454:
19441:
19438:
19437:
19436:
19433:
19431:
19428:
19426:
19423:
19422:
19420:
19418:
19414:
19408:
19405:
19403:
19400:
19398:
19395:
19394:
19392:
19388:
19382:
19379:
19377:
19374:
19372:
19369:
19368:
19366:
19362:
19359:
19357:
19353:
19347:
19344:
19342:
19339:
19338:
19336:
19334:
19330:
19320:
19317:
19315:
19312:
19310:
19307:
19304:
19301:
19298:
19295:
19294:
19292:
19288:
19282:
19279:
19277:
19274:
19272:
19269:
19267:
19264:
19261:
19258:
19256:
19253:
19251:
19248:
19247:
19245:
19241:
19234:
19231:
19230:
19227:
19224:
19222:
19218:
19215:
19213:
19209:
19195:
19192:
19190:
19187:
19185:
19182:
19181:
19179:
19175:
19169:
19166:
19164:
19161:
19159:
19156:
19154:
19151:
19149:
19146:
19144:
19141:
19139:
19136:
19134:
19131:
19129:
19126:
19124:
19121:
19119:
19116:
19115:
19113:
19111:
19107:
19101:
19098:
19096:
19093:
19091:
19088:
19086:
19083:
19082:
19080:
19078:
19074:
19071:
19069:
19065:
19055:
19052:
19050:
19047:
19045:
19042:
19040:
19037:
19035:
19032:
19030:
19027:
19025:
19022:
19021:
19019:
19017:
19013:
19007:
19004:
19003:
19001:
18997:
18991:
18988:
18986:
18983:
18982:
18980:
18976:
18970:
18967:
18965:
18962:
18961:
18959:
18955:
18949:
18946:
18944:
18941:
18940:
18938:
18934:
18931:
18929:
18928:Halmahera Sea
18925:
18918:
18915:
18912:
18909:
18907:
18904:
18902:
18899:
18896:
18893:
18892:
18889:
18886:
18884:
18880:
18876:
18872:
18867:
18863:
18837:
18834:
18832:
18829:
18827:
18824:
18822:
18819:
18817:
18814:
18811:
18808:
18806:
18803:
18801:
18798:
18796:
18793:
18791:
18788:
18786:
18783:
18781:
18778:
18776:
18773:
18771:
18768:
18766:
18763:
18761:
18758:
18755:
18752:
18750:
18747:
18746:
18744:
18741:
18737:
18731:
18728:
18726:
18723:
18721:
18718:
18716:
18713:
18711:
18708:
18705:
18702:
18701:
18698:
18695:
18693:
18689:
18683:
18680:
18678:
18675:
18673:
18670:
18667:
18664:
18662:
18659:
18657:
18654:
18652:
18649:
18647:
18644:
18642:
18639:
18637:
18634:
18633:
18630:
18627:
18623:
18617:
18614:
18612:
18609:
18607:
18604:
18601:
18598:
18595:
18592:
18590:
18587:
18585:
18582:
18580:
18577:
18576:
18574:
18570:
18564:
18561:
18560:
18557:
18554:
18551:
18547:
18541:
18538:
18537:
18535:
18533:Kowiai ?
18531:
18520:
18517:
18514:
18511:
18509:
18506:
18504:
18501:
18500:
18498:
18494:
18488:
18485:
18483:
18480:
18478:
18475:
18473:
18470:
18468:
18465:
18463:
18460:
18458:
18455:
18453:
18450:
18448:
18445:
18443:
18440:
18439:
18437:
18435:
18431:
18425:
18422:
18420:
18417:
18415:
18412:
18410:
18407:
18405:
18402:
18400:
18397:
18395:
18392:
18390:
18387:
18385:
18382:
18381:
18379:
18377:
18373:
18366:
18363:
18361:
18358:
18356:
18353:
18351:
18348:
18346:
18343:
18342:
18340:
18336:
18329:
18326:
18323:
18320:
18318:
18315:
18313:
18310:
18308:
18305:
18304:
18302:
18300:
18296:
18290:
18287:
18285:
18282:
18280:
18277:
18276:
18274:
18270:
18264:
18261:
18259:
18256:
18254:
18251:
18249:
18246:
18245:
18243:
18239:
18233:
18230:
18228:
18225:
18223:
18220:
18219:
18216:
18213:
18210:
18206:
18200:
18197:
18195:
18192:
18190:
18187:
18185:
18182:
18180:
18177:
18175:
18172:
18170:
18167:
18165:
18162:
18160:
18157:
18155:
18152:
18150:
18147:
18145:
18142:
18141:
18139:
18137:
18133:
18127:
18124:
18122:
18119:
18117:
18114:
18112:
18109:
18107:
18104:
18102:
18099:
18098:
18096:
18093:
18089:
18083:
18080:
18078:
18075:
18074:
18072:
18070:
18066:
18056:
18053:
18051:
18048:
18046:
18043:
18041:
18038:
18036:
18033:
18031:
18030:South Lembata
18028:
18026:
18023:
18021:
18018:
18016:
18013:
18011:
18008:
18006:
18003:
18002:
18000:
17996:
17990:
17987:
17985:
17982:
17981:
17978:
17975:
17973:
17969:
17959:
17956:
17954:
17951:
17949:
17946:
17944:
17941:
17939:
17936:
17934:
17931:
17929:
17926:
17924:
17921:
17919:
17916:
17914:
17911:
17909:
17906:
17904:
17901:
17899:
17896:
17894:
17891:
17890:
17888:
17884:
17872:
17869:
17868:
17867:
17864:
17862:
17859:
17857:
17854:
17852:
17849:
17847:
17844:
17842:
17839:
17837:
17834:
17832:
17829:
17827:
17824:
17823:
17821:
17819:
17815:
17809:
17806:
17804:
17801:
17800:
17798:
17796:
17792:
17789:
17787:
17783:
17780:
17778:
17774:
17768:
17765:
17764:
17762:
17758:
17754:
17750:
17745:
17741:
17727:
17724:
17722:
17719:
17718:
17716:
17712:
17702:
17699:
17698:
17695:
17685:
17682:
17679:
17676:
17674:
17671:
17667:
17664:
17663:
17662:
17659:
17657:
17654:
17653:
17651:
17647:
17641:
17638:
17636:
17633:
17631:
17628:
17626:
17623:
17621:
17618:
17617:
17615:
17611:
17605:
17602:
17600:
17597:
17595:
17592:
17590:
17587:
17586:
17584:
17582:Massenrempulu
17580:
17574:
17571:
17569:
17566:
17565:
17562:
17559:
17557:
17553:
17543:
17540:
17538:
17535:
17533:
17530:
17529:
17527:
17525:
17521:
17515:
17512:
17510:
17507:
17505:
17502:
17500:
17499:Budong-Budong
17497:
17496:
17494:
17492:
17488:
17485:
17483:Seko–Badaic *
17481:
17475:
17472:
17470:
17467:
17465:
17464:Coastal Konjo
17462:
17460:
17457:
17455:
17452:
17451:
17449:
17447:
17443:
17437:
17434:
17432:
17429:
17427:
17424:
17422:
17419:
17418:
17416:
17412:
17409:
17407:
17403:
17389:
17386:
17384:
17381:
17378:
17375:
17373:
17370:
17368:
17365:
17363:
17360:
17359:
17357:
17355:
17351:
17341:
17338:
17336:
17333:
17331:
17328:
17326:
17323:
17321:
17318:
17316:
17313:
17311:
17308:
17306:
17303:
17301:
17298:
17297:
17294:
17291:
17289:
17285:
17282:
17280:Kaili–Wolio *
17278:
17271:
17268:
17266:
17263:
17261:
17258:
17256:
17253:
17251:
17248:
17246:
17243:
17241:
17238:
17236:
17233:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17221:
17219:
17216:
17212:
17206:
17203:
17201:
17198:
17196:
17193:
17191:
17188:
17186:
17183:
17181:
17178:
17177:
17175:
17173:
17169:
17163:
17160:
17158:
17155:
17153:
17150:
17148:
17145:
17143:
17140:
17138:
17135:
17133:
17130:
17128:
17125:
17123:
17120:
17118:
17115:
17114:
17112:
17110:
17106:
17100:
17097:
17095:
17092:
17090:
17087:
17085:
17082:
17080:
17077:
17075:
17072:
17070:
17067:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17055:
17052:
17050:
17047:
17045:
17042:
17040:
17037:
17036:
17034:
17032:
17031:Bungku–Tolaki
17028:
17025:
17023:
17019:
17013:
17010:
17008:
17005:
17003:
17000:
16999:
16997:
16995:
16989:
16983:
16980:
16978:
16975:
16974:
16972:
16968:
16960:
16957:
16955:
16952:
16950:
16947:
16944:
16941:
16940:
16939:
16936:
16935:
16933:
16929:
16923:
16920:
16917:
16914:
16912:
16909:
16908:
16906:
16902:
16891:
16888:
16887:
16884:
16874:
16871:
16869:
16866:
16864:
16861:
16859:
16856:
16854:
16851:
16849:
16846:
16844:
16841:
16840:
16838:
16836:
16832:
16826:
16823:
16821:
16818:
16816:
16813:
16811:
16808:
16806:
16803:
16800:
16797:
16796:
16793:
16790:
16788:
16782:
16779:
16775:
16765:
16762:
16760:
16757:
16756:
16754:
16751:
16747:
16741:
16738:
16737:
16735:
16733:Rejang ?
16731:
16723:
16720:
16718:
16715:
16713:
16710:
16707:
16706:Old Sundanese
16704:
16703:
16702:
16699:
16698:
16696:
16692:
16678:
16675:
16673:
16670:
16668:
16665:
16663:
16662:Sarawak Malay
16660:
16658:
16655:
16653:
16650:
16648:
16645:
16643:
16640:
16638:
16635:
16633:
16632:Orang Seletar
16630:
16628:
16625:
16623:
16620:
16618:
16615:
16613:
16610:
16608:
16605:
16603:
16600:
16598:
16595:
16593:
16590:
16588:
16585:
16583:
16580:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16569:
16567:
16564:
16562:
16559:
16557:
16554:
16552:
16549:
16547:
16544:
16542:
16539:
16537:
16534:
16532:
16529:
16527:
16524:
16522:
16519:
16517:
16514:
16512:
16509:
16505:
16502:
16500:
16497:
16496:
16495:
16492:
16491:
16488:
16482:
16479:
16477:
16474:
16472:
16469:
16466:
16463:
16461:
16458:
16457:
16455:
16453:
16449:
16446:
16442:
16436:
16433:
16431:
16428:
16426:
16423:
16421:
16418:
16416:
16413:
16411:
16408:
16406:
16405:Cham dialects
16403:
16401:
16398:
16397:
16395:
16393:
16389:
16386:
16382:
16376:
16373:
16371:
16368:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16358:
16356:
16353:
16351:
16348:
16346:
16343:
16341:
16338:
16336:
16333:
16331:
16328:
16326:
16323:
16321:
16318:
16316:
16313:
16312:
16310:
16308:
16304:
16298:
16295:
16293:
16290:
16288:
16285:
16283:
16280:
16278:
16275:
16273:
16270:
16268:
16265:
16263:
16260:
16258:
16255:
16253:
16250:
16249:
16247:
16245:
16241:
16234:
16231:
16228:
16225:
16223:
16220:
16218:
16215:
16213:
16210:
16208:
16205:
16203:
16200:
16198:
16195:
16193:
16190:
16188:
16185:
16183:
16180:
16178:
16175:
16173:
16170:
16168:
16165:
16163:
16160:
16158:
16155:
16153:
16150:
16149:
16147:
16145:
16141:
16131:
16128:
16126:
16123:
16121:
16118:
16116:
16113:
16111:
16108:
16106:
16103:
16101:
16098:
16096:
16093:
16091:
16088:
16086:
16083:
16081:
16078:
16075:
16072:
16070:
16067:
16065:
16062:
16060:
16057:
16055:
16052:
16050:
16047:
16046:
16044:
16041:
16040:North Sarawak
16037:
16023:
16020:
16018:
16015:
16013:
16010:
16008:
16005:
16003:
16000:
15998:
15995:
15993:
15990:
15988:
15985:
15983:
15980:
15978:
15975:
15973:
15970:
15968:
15965:
15964:
15962:
15960:
15956:
15950:
15947:
15944:
15941:
15940:
15937:
15934:
15928:
15918:
15915:
15913:
15910:
15908:
15905:
15903:
15900:
15899:
15897:
15895:
15891:
15885:
15882:
15880:
15877:
15875:
15872:
15870:
15867:
15865:
15862:
15858:
15855:
15853:
15852:Central Dusun
15850:
15849:
15848:Kadazandusun
15847:
15846:
15844:
15842:
15838:
15832:
15829:
15827:
15826:Brunei Bisaya
15824:
15823:
15821:
15817:
15814:
15808:
15805:
15802:
15798:
15791:
15788:
15786:
15783:
15781:
15778:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15768:
15765:
15761:
15758:
15755:
15749:
15740:
15735:
15725:
15722:
15720:
15717:
15715:
15712:
15710:
15707:
15705:
15702:
15700:
15697:
15695:
15692:
15691:
15689:
15687:
15683:
15677:
15674:
15672:
15669:
15667:
15664:
15662:
15659:
15657:
15654:
15652:
15649:
15647:
15644:
15642:
15639:
15637:
15634:
15632:
15629:
15627:
15624:
15622:
15619:
15617:
15614:
15612:
15609:
15605:
15602:
15601:
15600:
15597:
15596:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15584:
15581:
15577:
15563:
15560:
15557:
15554:
15552:
15551:Inagta Alabat
15549:
15548:
15546:
15544:Manide–Alabat
15542:
15536:
15533:
15531:
15528:
15526:
15523:
15522:
15519:
15516:
15512:
15506:
15503:
15501:
15498:
15496:
15493:
15491:
15488:
15486:
15483:
15482:
15480:
15478:
15474:
15468:
15465:
15463:
15460:
15458:
15455:
15453:
15450:
15449:
15447:
15445:
15441:
15435:
15432:
15430:
15427:
15425:
15422:
15421:
15419:
15417:
15413:
15407:
15404:
15402:
15399:
15398:
15396:
15394:
15390:
15380:
15377:
15375:
15372:
15370:
15367:
15365:
15362:
15360:
15357:
15355:
15352:
15350:
15347:
15345:
15342:
15340:
15337:
15336:
15334:
15332:
15328:
15322:
15319:
15317:
15314:
15312:
15309:
15307:
15304:
15302:
15299:
15297:
15294:
15292:
15289:
15287:
15284:
15282:
15279:
15277:
15274:
15272:
15269:
15267:
15264:
15262:
15259:
15258:
15256:
15254:
15250:
15244:
15241:
15239:
15236:
15234:
15231:
15230:
15228:
15226:
15222:
15216:
15213:
15212:
15210:
15208:
15204:
15198:
15195:
15193:
15190:
15188:
15185:
15183:
15180:
15178:
15175:
15174:
15172:
15170:
15166:
15155:
15152:
15151:
15149:
15145:
15139:
15136:
15134:
15131:
15129:
15126:
15124:
15121:
15119:
15116:
15114:
15111:
15110:
15108:
15106:
15102:
15096:
15093:
15091:
15088:
15086:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15071:
15068:
15066:
15063:
15061:
15058:
15056:
15053:
15051:
15048:
15046:
15043:
15041:
15038:
15036:
15033:
15031:
15028:
15026:
15023:
15021:
15018:
15016:
15013:
15008:
15007:Old Cebuano †
15004:
15001:
14997:
14996:
14995:
14992:
14990:
14987:
14985:
14982:
14980:
14977:
14975:
14972:
14970:
14967:
14965:
14962:
14960:
14957:
14956:
14954:
14952:
14948:
14942:
14939:
14937:
14934:
14932:
14929:
14927:
14924:
14922:
14919:
14917:
14916:Central Bikol
14914:
14912:
14909:
14908:
14906:
14904:
14900:
14891:
14887:
14883:
14879:
14878:
14877:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14863:
14861:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14848:
14842:
14839:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14828:
14826:
14824:
14820:
14817:
14815:
14809:
14803:
14800:
14798:
14795:
14793:
14790:
14789:
14787:
14785:
14781:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14763:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14751:
14748:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14738:
14736:
14733:
14732:
14730:
14728:
14724:
14717:
14714:
14712:
14709:
14708:
14705:
14702:
14700:
14699:Central Luzon
14696:
14682:
14679:
14677:
14674:
14672:
14669:
14667:
14664:
14662:
14659:
14657:
14654:
14653:
14651:
14649:
14645:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14609:
14606:
14604:
14601:
14600:
14598:
14596:
14592:
14586:
14585:Southern Alta
14583:
14581:
14580:Northern Alta
14578:
14577:
14574:
14571:
14569:
14565:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14551:
14549:
14546:
14544:
14541:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14520:
14518:
14516:
14512:
14506:
14503:
14500:
14497:
14495:
14492:
14491:
14488:
14485:
14483:
14479:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14459:
14457:
14455:
14451:
14448:
14445:
14440:
14436:
14432:
14428:
14423:
14419:
14415:
14411:
14406:
14402:
14388:
14385:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14375:
14374:
14372:
14368:
14357:
14354:
14351:
14348:
14347:
14345:
14343:
14339:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14324:
14322:
14318:
14311:
14308:
14306:
14303:
14300:
14297:
14296:
14294:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14281:
14270:
14269:Papora-Hoanya
14267:
14264:
14261:
14258:
14255:
14253:
14250:
14247:
14244:
14241:
14238:
14236:
14233:
14232:
14230:
14224:
14218:
14215:
14213:
14210:
14209:
14207:
14205:
14201:
14198:
14196:
14192:
14186:
14183:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14173:
14172:
14170:
14168:
14164:
14158:
14155:
14154:
14152:
14150:
14146:
14142:
14138:
14133:
14129:
14125:
14118:
14113:
14111:
14106:
14104:
14099:
14098:
14095:
14089:
14085:
14084:
14079:
14066:
14065:Ban Khor Sign
14063:
14061:
14058:
14057:
14055:
14051:
14041:
14038:
14036:
14033:
14031:
14028:
14027:
14025:
14023:
14019:
14013:
14010:
14008:
14005:
14003:
14000:
13998:
13995:
13993:
13990:
13989:
13987:
13985:
13981:
13978:
13974:
13964:
13961:
13959:
13956:
13954:
13951:
13949:
13946:
13944:
13941:
13939:
13936:
13934:
13931:
13927:
13924:
13922:
13919:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13909:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13899:
13898:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13882:
13879:
13878:
13876:
13874:
13870:
13864:
13861:
13859:
13856:
13855:
13853:
13851:
13847:
13841:
13838:
13836:
13833:
13831:
13828:
13823:
13819:
13816:
13815:Pattani Malay
13812:
13809:
13808:Bangkok Malay
13805:
13804:
13803:
13800:
13798:
13795:
13794:
13792:
13790:
13786:
13780:
13777:
13775:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13737:
13732:
13728:
13725:
13721:
13720:
13719:
13716:
13714:
13711:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13701:
13699:
13696:
13694:
13691:
13690:
13688:
13686:
13685:Austroasiatic
13682:
13679:
13673:
13669:
13659:
13656:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13646:
13645:
13643:
13639:
13633:
13632:Southern Thai
13630:
13629:
13627:
13623:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13601:Northern Thai
13599:
13598:
13596:
13592:
13586:
13583:
13581:
13578:
13577:
13575:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13562:
13556:
13553:
13552:
13550:
13546:
13542:
13538:
13524:
13519:
13517:
13512:
13510:
13505:
13504:
13501:
13489:
13486:
13484:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13474:
13471:
13469:
13466:
13464:
13461:
13459:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13446:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13434:
13431:
13430:
13428:
13424:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13409:
13407:
13405:
13404:Lingua franca
13401:
13395:
13392:
13391:
13389:
13387:
13383:
13379:
13372:
13367:
13365:
13360:
13358:
13353:
13352:
13349:
13339:
13336:
13333:
13328:
13322:
13319:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13309:
13308:
13306:
13302:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13286:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13276:
13273:
13271:
13268:
13266:
13263:
13262:
13260:
13256:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13241:
13239:
13235:
13231:
13224:
13219:
13217:
13212:
13210:
13205:
13204:
13201:
13185:
13182:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13172:
13170:
13167:
13165:
13162:
13160:
13157:
13155:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13146:
13144:
13140:
13134:
13133:
13129:
13127:
13124:
13123:
13121:
13119:
13115:
13112:
13108:
13098:
13095:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13085:
13084:
13082:
13078:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13027:
13025:
13021:
13015:
13012:
13010:
13007:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12995:
12992:
12990:
12987:
12985:
12982:
12980:
12977:
12975:
12972:
12970:
12967:
12966:
12964:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12945:
12931:
12930:
12925:
12924:
12922:
12918:
12912:
12911:
12906:
12905:
12903:
12901:
12897:
12891:
12890:
12885:
12883:
12882:
12877:
12875:
12874:
12869:
12867:
12866:
12861:
12860:
12858:
12856:
12852:
12846:
12845:
12840:
12838:
12837:
12832:
12830:
12829:
12824:
12823:
12821:
12819:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12806:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12791:
12789:
12787:
12786:West Germanic
12783:
12780:
12776:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12756:
12753:
12749:
12742:
12737:
12735:
12730:
12728:
12723:
12722:
12719:
12707:
12704:
12703:
12701:
12697:
12687:
12684:
12682:
12679:
12677:
12674:
12672:
12669:
12667:
12664:
12662:
12659:
12657:
12654:
12652:
12649:
12647:
12644:
12643:
12641:
12637:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12601:
12599:
12596:
12595:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12580:
12578:
12576:
12572:
12564:
12561:
12559:
12556:
12554:
12551:
12549:
12546:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12535:
12534:
12531:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12518:
12517:
12514:
12513:
12511:
12509:
12505:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12463:
12462:
12459:
12458:
12456:
12454:
12450:
12447:
12443:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12402:
12396:
12395:Orang Seletar
12393:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12383:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12354:
12352:
12348:
12342:
12339:
12338:
12336:
12332:
12329:
12325:
12321:
12314:
12309:
12307:
12302:
12300:
12295:
12294:
12291:
12278:
12275:
12274:
12271:
12261:
12258:
12256:
12253:
12252:
12250:
12246:
12238:
12235:
12234:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12214:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12145:East Timorese
12143:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12133:
12131:
12128:
12126:
12123:
12121:
12118:
12117:
12115:
12113:
12109:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12089:
12087:
12083:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12056:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12036:
12034:
12032:
12028:
12018:
12015:
12014:
12012:
12008:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11981:
11980:
11977:
11976:
11974:
11970:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11932:
11929:
11928:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11913:
11911:
11905:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11878:
11877:
11876:Indo-European
11874:
11870:
11867:
11863:
11860:
11859:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11849:
11848:
11845:
11844:
11842:
11838:
11828:
11825:
11824:
11823:
11820:
11812:
11809:
11808:
11807:
11804:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11791:
11790:
11787:
11786:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11759:
11758:
11755:
11754:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11739:
11736:
11735:
11734:
11731:
11730:
11729:
11726:
11725:
11724:
11721:
11720:
11718:
11714:
11711:
11705:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11614:Sarawak Malay
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11384:Brunei Bisaya
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11331:
11329:
11327:
11321:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11289:Southern Thai
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11244:Orang Seletar
11242:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11136:
11134:
11132:
11126:
11120:
11117:
11116:
11114:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11100:
11096:
11088:
11085:
11084:
11083:
11080:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11050:North Bornean
11048:
11047:
11046:
11043:
11039:
11036:
11035:
11034:
11033:Austroasiatic
11031:
11030:
11028:
11026:
11022:
11010:
11007:
11006:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10996:
10994:
10992:
10988:
10985:
10981:
10977:
10970:
10965:
10963:
10958:
10956:
10951:
10950:
10947:
10937:
10931:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10906:
10904:
10900:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10877:
10873:
10872:
10871:
10868:
10867:
10865:
10861:
10852:
10848:
10845:
10841:
10838:
10834:
10833:
10832:
10829:
10828:
10826:
10824:
10820:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10761:
10757:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10738:
10734:
10733:
10732:
10729:
10728:
10726:
10724:
10720:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10696:
10692:
10689:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10649:
10647:
10645:
10641:
10638:
10634:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10592:
10589:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10549:
10536:
10532:
10531:
10530:
10527:
10522:
10518:
10517:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10503:
10499:
10498:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10491:Maumere Malay
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10433:
10431:
10429:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10416:
10412:
10408:
10401:
10397:
10383:
10380:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10302:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10287:
10285:
10283:
10279:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10249:
10247:
10245:
10241:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10216:
10214:
10212:
10208:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10184:
10180:
10174:
10171:
10170:
10168:
10166:
10162:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10122:
10120:
10118:
10114:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10094:
10092:
10090:
10086:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10067:
10063:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10035:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10020:
10018:
10016:
10012:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9982:
9980:
9978:
9974:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9959:
9957:
9955:
9951:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9921:
9919:
9917:
9916:South Pauwasi
9913:
9907:
9904:
9903:
9901:
9899:
9895:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9850:
9848:
9846:
9842:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9782:
9780:
9778:
9774:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9749:
9747:
9745:
9744:Demta–Sentani
9741:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9722:
9718:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9663:
9661:
9659:
9655:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9551:
9547:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9380:
9378:
9374:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9294:
9292:
9290:
9286:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9252:
9248:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9194:
9190:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9166:
9165:West Bomberai
9162:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9059:
9057:
9055:
9051:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9012:
9008:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8966:Central Asmat
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8949:
8945:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8842:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8767:
8765:
8763:
8759:
8755:
8751:
8746:
8742:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8662:
8660:
8656:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8481:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8305:
8303:
8301:
8297:
8292:
8288:
8286:
8282:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8019:
8013:
8010:
8005:
8001:
7998:
7997:South Lembata
7994:
7991:
7987:
7984:
7980:
7977:
7973:
7970:
7966:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7952:
7949:
7945:
7944:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7925:
7921:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7722:
7718:
7715:
7711:
7708:
7704:
7701:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7542:
7538:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7497:
7493:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7459:
7455:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7397:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7370:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7350:
7347:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7304:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7270:
7266:
7265:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7230:North Bornean
7227:
7221:
7218:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7137:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6979:Toraja-Sa’dan
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6869:Coastal Konjo
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6854:Budong-Budong
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6828:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6789:
6785:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6750:
6747:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6727:
6721:
6718:
6713:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6695:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6393:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6377:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6323:Tamiang Malay
6321:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6298:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6278:Sintang Malay
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6268:Serdang Malay
6266:
6264:
6263:Sekadau Malay
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6253:Sanggau Malay
6251:
6249:
6246:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6163:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Langkat Malay
6049:
6047:
6044:
6039:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5953:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5749:
5744:
5742:
5737:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5720:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5646:
5645:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5499:
5495:
5488:
5473:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5450:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5364:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5327:
5326:
5318:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5283:
5275:
5268:
5260:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5212:
5204:
5197:
5189:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5166:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5130:
5121:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5102:
5086:
5080:
5065:
5061:
5055:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5033:
5025:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5006:
5004:
4995:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4951:
4950:archive.today
4947:
4944:
4939:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4905:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4880:Wurm, Stephen
4875:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4827:
4822:
4814:
4807:
4799:
4797:3-11-012855-1
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4710:
4703:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4623:
4617:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4586:
4584:
4570:
4563:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4395:
4393:
4388:
4371:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4215:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4203:perisytiharan
4200:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4179:
4166:, in Riau as
4157:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3986:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3957:lingua franca
3950:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3872:lingua franca
3867:
3864:
3860:
3859:East Malaysia
3856:
3855:West Malaysia
3852:
3848:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3828:(present-day
3827:
3823:
3818:
3808:
3805:
3797:
3794:February 2021
3787:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3763:This section
3761:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3726:community in
3725:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:Bangkok Malay
3710:
3706:
3702:
3701:Pattani Malay
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3650:Pattani Malay
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:Orang Seletar
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:(Palembang),
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3552:Central Malay
3549:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3427:
3418:
3414:
3411:This section
3409:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3390:
3387:
3379:
3376:December 2020
3369:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3345:This section
3343:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3246:reduplication
3243:
3242:compound word
3239:
3235:
3229:
3228:Malay grammar
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2945:
2944:vowel harmony
2940:
2926:
2923:("good") and
2922:
2918:
2914:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2894:/peraŋ~piraŋ/
2887:
2859:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2736:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2547:khabar, kabar
2545:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1916:East Malaysia
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1874:and southern
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1809:Extent of use
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:Cham alphabet
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:sekolah agama
1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1699:Arabic script
1696:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1679:South Sumatra
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1656:South Sumatra
1653:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:known as the
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:Pacific Ocean
1576:
1572:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1552:lingua franca
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1491:lingua franca
1486:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1248:varieties of
1246:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1205:bahasa Melayu
1201:
1200:lingua franca
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1179:Bahasa Melayu
1174:
1173:Bahasa Melayu
1169:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1147:
1146:macrolanguage
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1125:and parts of
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1086:
1085:Bahasa Melayu
1082:
1081:
1072:
1048:
1031:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
973:
972:
967:
964:
961: –
959:
954:
951: –
949:
944:
941: –
939:
934:
931: –
929:
924:
921: –
919:
914:
911: –
909:
904:
901: –
899:
894:
891: –
889:
884:
881: –
879:
874:
871: –
869:
864:
861: –
859:
854:
851: –
849:
844:
841: –
839:
834:
831: –
829:
824:
821: –
819:
814:
811: –
809:
804:
801: –
799:
794:
791: –
789:
784:
781: –
779:
774:
771: –
769:
764:
761: –
759:
754:
751: –
749:
744:
741: –
739:
734:
731: –
729:
724:
721: –
719:
714:
711: –
709:
704:
701: –
699:
694:
691: –
689:
684:
681: –
679:
674:
671: –
669:
660:
656:
653:
648:
643:
638:
630:
625:
620:
617:
612:
607:
602:
599:
594:
589:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
557:
555:
553:
549:
541:
540:Bangkok Malay
537:
533:
532:Pattani Malay
529:
526:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
487:
486:
483:
475:
468:
464:
453:
451:
440:
438:
427:
424:
420:
409:
407:
396:
395:
393:
387:
382:
379:
376:
372:
366:
360:
359:Rejang script
356:
352:
348:
345:Historically
343:
342:Malay Braille
340:
338:(in Thailand)
337:
336:Thai alphabet
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
303:
302:
300:
296:
290:
282:
276:
275:Bahasa Melayu
271:
268:
264:
259:
256:
255:
253:
247:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
230:
229:
225:
219:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
199:
196:
195:
194:
190:
186:
180:
176:
172:
166:
163:
159:
152:
148:
145:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
78:Pronunciation
76:
66:
65:Bahasa Melayu
61:
56:
51:
46:
39:
35:
30:
19:
22494:† indicates
22259:Niuatoputapu
21083:Maewo–Ambae–
20985:Torres–Banks
20933:Nimoa–Sudest
20445:Ngero–Vitiaz
20405:Mangga Buang
20216:Arop-Sissano
19716:Tungag–Nalik
19705:New Ireland–
19341:Mussau-Emira
19068:Cenderawasih
18805:Seit-Kaitetu
18092:Kei–Tanimbar
17777:Sumba–Flores
17288:Kaili–Pamona
16637:Pahang Malay
16536:Bangka Malay
16493:
16444:Iban–Malayan
16330:Bukar–Sadong
16069:Wahau Kenyah
15907:Kinabatangan
15819:Bisaya–Lotud
15754:North Borneo
14936:Pandan Bikol
14528:Cagayan Agta
14499:Dicamay Agta
14081:
13943:Northern Pwo
13873:Sino-Tibetan
13789:Austronesian
13641:Northwestern
13488:Penan-Nibong
13412:Brunei Malay
13393:
13337:
13334:
13331:
13130:
13057:(historical)
13054:
12928:
12909:
12888:
12880:
12872:
12865:(isiNdebele)
12864:
12843:
12835:
12827:
12818:Sotho–Tswana
12421:Chitty Malay
12416:Bazaar Malay
12361:
12340:
12064:Chetty Malay
11806:Chaoshan Min
11784:Southern Min
11723:Sino-Tibetan
11604:Sabah Bisaya
11484:Kinabatangan
11389:Bukar–Sadong
11249:Pahang Malay
11118:
11045:Austronesian
10515:Papuan Malay
10481:Manado Malay
10471:Kupang Malay
10066:Bulaka River
10038:Marind–Yaqai
10015:Kaure–Kosare
9977:West Pauwasi
9954:East Pauwasi
9251:Paniai Lakes
9236:Western Dani
8948:Asmat–Mombum
8323:Sumba–Flores
8242:Kei-Tanimbar
8024:Cenderawasih
8004:West Lembata
7874:Seit-Kaitetu
7591:Kola-Kompane
7158:Bukar Sadong
6248:Sambas Malay
6212:Coastal Riau
6129:Melawi Malay
6046:Landak Malay
6015:Kualuh Malay
5985:Kayong Malay
5874:Bangka Malay
5792:
5643:
5609:
5605:
5585:
5567:
5563:
5546:11343/122869
5526:
5520:
5497:
5487:
5475:. Retrieved
5471:
5461:
5453:
5449:
5437:. Retrieved
5425:
5412:
5377:
5373:
5363:
5324:
5317:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5273:
5267:
5258:
5252:
5225:
5221:
5218:"Indonesian"
5211:
5202:
5196:
5172:
5165:
5145:
5141:
5108:
5101:
5089:. Retrieved
5079:
5067:. Retrieved
5063:
5054:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5032:
5012:
4982:
4975:
4966:
4956:
4938:
4926:. Retrieved
4922:the original
4912:
4892:
4874:
4849:
4845:
4832:
4821:
4812:
4806:
4787:
4774:
4762:. Retrieved
4748:
4744:
4734:
4717:
4708:
4702:
4690:. Retrieved
4686:the original
4681:
4657:. Retrieved
4653:
4644:
4633:
4629:
4616:
4608:the original
4601:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4573:. Retrieved
4562:
4543:
4525:
4507:
4489:
4471:
4453:
4435:
4427:
4400:
4370:
4363:Constitution
4357:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4245:
4238:
4233:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4180:
4155:
4153:
4148:
4145:beta pu nama
4144:
4140:
4137:kita pe nama
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4123:(from Malay
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4094:Papuan Malay
4086:Kupang Malay
4074:Manado Malay
4063:
3990:
3965:Constitution
3956:
3954:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3909:(sympathy),
3906:
3900:
3885:
3870:
3868:
3843:
3800:
3791:
3776:Please help
3764:
3721:
3697:Papuan Malay
3693:Manado Malay
3689:Kupang Malay
3662:
3630:Bangka Malay
3607:
3576:
3560:Talang Mamak
3554:(Bengkulu),
3546:. They are:
3541:
3525:Kampung Alor
3498:
3434:
3421:
3417:adding to it
3412:
3382:
3373:
3358:Please help
3346:
3305:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3232:Malay is an
3231:
3115:Arekan (eg.
3076:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2915:("tax") and
2912:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2885:
2857:
2856:
2742:
2734:
2670:
2644:
2611:lohor, zuhur
2610:
2583:"good will"
2580:
2546:
2492:
2491:
2425:
2321:
2320:
1964:
1952:
1884:Brunei Malay
1853:
1844:
1840:
1794:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1744:(Latin) and
1741:
1740:
1723:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1687:Latin script
1684:
1681:, Indonesia.
1677:language in
1622:Brunei Malay
1607:
1595:Indian Ocean
1571:Austronesian
1568:
1550:
1516:
1511:
1489:
1487:
1475:
1447:Adityawarman
1444:
1397:
1393:
1340:Riau Islands
1275:
1235:
1218:
1142:pluricentric
1139:
1046:
1045:
986:Linguasphere
969:
933:Manado Malay
913:Kupang Malay
803:Chetty Malay
793:Brunei Malay
562:in Indonesia
536:Syburi Malay
371:Signed forms
326:Pegon script
207:
193:Austronesian
151:Malayophones
29:
22226:Ontong Java
22084:Pingelapese
22011:Mortlockese
21966:Marshallese
21945:Micronesian
21922:Micronesian
21658:North Tanna
21631:Utaha / Ifo
21285:North Efate
21205:Merei-Tiale
20410:Mapos Buang
18957:Maya–Matbat
18775:Sepa-Teluti
18452:North Babar
18404:Dela-Oenale
18126:Uruangnirin
17514:Seko Tengah
17509:Seko Padang
17454:Makassarese
17426:Campalagian
17162:Tukang Besi
16918:Lampung Api
16915:Lampung Nyo
16677:Urak Lawoiʼ
16657:Reman Malay
16647:Perak Malay
16627:Orang Kanaq
16582:Kutai Malay
16571:Kedah Malay
16561:Jambi Malay
16531:Berau Malay
16511:Minangkabau
16392:Aceh–Chamic
16217:Punan Merap
15912:Abai Sungai
15238:Maguindanao
15197:Taawʼt Bato
15070:Romblomanon
14921:Isarog Agta
14911:Albay Bikol
14882:Old Tagalog
14871:Kasiguranin
14718:(Remontado)
14716:Hatang Kayi
14711:Kapampangan
14076:‹ The
13958:S'gaw Karen
13886:Eastern Pwo
13840:Urak Lawoi’
13822:Satun Malay
13594:Chiang Saen
13565:Other Thais
13179:Angloromani
13118:LGBTQ slang
12929:(Tshivenḓa)
12630:Minangkabau
12074:Sabah Malay
12069:Cocos Malay
11958:Minangkabau
11909:archipelago
11779:Pu-Xian Min
11757:Eastern Min
11707:Significant
11549:Murik Kayan
11259:Reman Malay
11254:Perak Malay
11239:Orang Kanaq
11179:Kedah Malay
11174:Judeo-Malay
11055:Kayan–Murik
10934:† indicate
10607:Pidgin Onin
10521:Serui Malay
10446:Banda Malay
9924:Biksi-Yetfa
9550:Lakes Plain
9332:Komyandaret
9289:Digul River
8971:North Asmat
8835:West Makian
8579:North Babar
8509:Dela-Oenale
8476:Timor–Babar
8285:Micronesian
8270:Uruangnirin
7879:Sepa-Teluti
7423:Gorontaloan
7322:Punan Merap
7125:Punan Merah
7082:Kayan–Murik
6959:Seko Tengah
6954:Seko Padang
6914:Makassarese
6864:Campalagian
6638:Tukang Besi
6226:Rokan Hilir
6191:Panai Malay
6087:Minangkabau
6031:Kota Bangun
5960:Jambi Malay
5899:Berau Malay
5861:Nusa Penida
5843:Bacan Malay
5529:(1): 1–30.
5091:22 December
4928:22 December
4659:20 November
4504:Ambon Malay
4312:Jawi script
4225:Indonesian
4025:Minangkabau
4021:Jambi Malay
3915:tengah hari
3903:Philippines
3847:Article 152
3834:Jawi script
3734:, numerous
3717:Sabah Malay
3705:Satun Malay
3673:Cocos Malay
3638:Kutai Malay
3634:Jambi Malay
3626:Berau Malay
3618:Kedah Malay
3595:Orang Kanaq
3589:. They are
3583:Proto-Malay
3548:Minangkabau
3533:Philippines
3262:circumfixes
3186:Minangkabau
3154:Tanah Abang
2969:Johor-Riau
2755:split into
2747:split into
2671:saat, sa'at
2645:ghaib, raib
2581:redha, rela
2512:Assimilated
2241:Approximant
1925:Philippines
1904:Article 152
1726:, a Malay "
1703:Arab Melayu
1689:, known as
1630:Kedah Malay
1545:, as their
1451:Dharmasraya
1384:Dharmasraya
1170:") or also
1101:that is an
943:Minangkabau
873:Kedah Malay
853:Jambi Malay
813:Cocos Malay
703:Ambon Malay
568:in Malaysia
497:Local Malay
355:Ulu scripts
351:Kawi script
319:Jawi script
222:Early forms
177:" speakers)
22518:Categories
22410:West Uvean
22395:Rennellese
22194:Polynesian
22183:Polynesian
22031:Satawalese
22026:Puluwatese
21995:Carolinian
21956:Gilbertese
21694:Loyalties–
21466:Maskelynes
21421:Big Nambas
21112:Sun̄wadaga
20708:Bwanabwana
20683:Papuan Tip
20619:Arop-Lukep
20231:Ulau-Suain
20118:New Guinea
19917:Cheke Holo
19872:Sursurunga
19847:Lungalunga
19809:St. George
19645:Melanesian
19557:Marau Wawa
19255:Baluan-Pam
19158:Serui-Laut
18936:Ambel–Biga
18503:East Damar
18442:West Damar
18020:Lewo Eleng
17836:Anakalangu
17786:Sumba–Hawu
17377:Ledo Kaili
17354:Wotu–Wolio
17132:Kaimbulawa
17109:Muna–Buton
17064:Mori Bawah
16992:Bali–Sasak
16959:Tenggerese
16949:Banyumasan
16873:Mandailing
16863:Simalungun
16777:Sumatran *
16722:Cirebonese
16607:Orang Laut
16504:Indonesian
16307:Land Dayak
16292:Krio Dayak
16187:Punan Batu
16064:Umaʼ Lasan
15686:Sama–Bajaw
15556:Katabangan
15505:Tontemboan
15301:Matigsalug
15266:Ata Manobo
15085:Surigaonon
15020:Hiligaynon
14969:Bantayanon
14890:Batangueño
14814:Philippine
14765:Mariveleño
14681:Pangasinan
14439:Philippine
14180:Kanakanavu
13850:Hmong-Mien
13779:Vietnamese
13573:Lao–Phutai
13458:Lun Bawang
13050:Portuguese
12999:Nhlangwini
12962:Indigenous
12947:Recognised
12910:(Xitsonga)
12900:Tswa–Ronga
12881:(isiXhosa)
12844:(Setswana)
12686:Vietnamese
12603:Mandailing
12575:Indonesian
12533:Indo-Aryan
12411:Baba Malay
12207:Vietnamese
12197:Sri Lankan
12155:Indonesian
12112:Immigrants
12059:Baba Malay
11979:Philippine
11972:Philippine
11953:Mandailing
11907:Indonesian
11694:Umaʼ Lasan
11584:Punan Batu
11529:Lun Bawang
11274:Semaq Beri
11129:Peninsular
11112:Nationwide
11104:Indigenous
11075:Sama–Bajaw
11070:Philippine
11060:Land Dayak
10916:Kata Kolok
10750:Portuguese
10662:Fuzhounese
10602:Pidgin Iha
10510:Orang Pulo
10502:Sula Malay
10436:Alor Malay
9845:Momuna–Mek
9820:Ninggerum
9691:Nisa-Anasi
9530:Samarokena
9377:Foja Range
9072:Duriankari
8639:West Damar
8519:East Damar
8331:Anakalangu
8182:Serui-Laut
8022:Halmahera-
7983:Lewo Eleng
7793:Liana-Seti
7486:Tontemboan
7327:Punan Tubu
7282:Lun Bawang
7269:Mainstream
7140:Land Dayak
6781:Simalungun
6774:Mandailing
6558:Mori Bawah
6503:Kaimbulawa
6387:Tenggerese
6359:Cirebonese
6352:Banyumasan
6240:Tembilahan
6219:Pangaraian
6206:Riau Malay
6186:Palu Malay
6038:Tenggarong
5919:Deli Malay
5914:Col/Lembak
5795:Indonesian
5454:Ethnologue
5439:5 November
5346:0858834081
5038:Ethnologue
4764:29 January
4727:Indonesian
4575:20 October
4545:Ethnologue
4527:Ethnologue
4522:Baba Malay
4509:Ethnologue
4491:Ethnologue
4473:Ethnologue
4468:Indonesian
4455:Ethnologue
4437:Ethnologue
4409:1885/10191
4383:References
4199:pernyataan
4133:rumah kita
4119:and Ambon
4113:kita orang
4107:and Ambon
4090:Dili Malay
4009:Riau Malay
3993:Indonesian
3961:East Timor
3949:Indonesian
3925:and other
3917:(midday),
3907:dalam hati
3724:Cape Malay
3685:Dili Malay
3667:, such as
3642:Riau Malay
3614:Indonesian
3579:Orang Asli
3529:East Timor
3457:Portuguese
3447:, certain
3238:affixation
3190:Yogyakarta
3129:Kalimantan
3062:final ⟨r⟩
2909:/ai,au,oi/
2892:"war" and
2701:"Tuesday"
1961:Consonants
1933:Davao City
1929:Indonesian
1900:Portuguese
1888:East Timor
1868:East Timor
1849:Indonesian
1813:See also:
1620:of Brunei—
1618:vernacular
1591:Madagascar
1563:See also:
1455:Srivijayan
1428:Musi River
1368:Kalimantan
1244:Orang Asli
1237:Ethnologue
1133:") across
1131:Indonesian
1123:East Timor
1094:بهاس ملايو
1030:Dili Malay
713:Baba Malay
683:Indonesian
518:Indonesian
514:Dili Malay
510:East Timor
505:Kalimantan
493:Indonesian
467:Indonesian
423:Indonesian
258:Indonesian
175:Indonesian
149:(see also
144:Indonesian
98:East Timor
71:بهاس ملايو
22432:Niuafoʻou
22390:Pukapukan
22385:Mele-Fila
22349:Tuamotuan
22319:Marquesan
22301:Mangareva
22270:Tokelauan
22173:Lomaiviti
22089:Pohnpeian
22079:Ngatikese
22016:Namonuito
21608:Erromango
21536:Sörsörian
21461:Malua Bay
21446:Lendamboi
21436:Bwenelang
21335:Port Vato
21325:Lonwolwol
21320:Dalkalaen
21220:Shark Bay
21117:Sun̄wadia
20883:Yakaikeke
20833:Gapapaiwa
20698:ʼAuhelawa
20629:Malasanga
20528:Mouk-Aria
20483:Awad Bing
20473:Malalamai
20350:Maralango
20325:Aribwaung
20319:Aribwatsa
20296:Huon Gulf
20148:Kayupulau
19927:Ghanongga
19912:Blablanga
19894:Solomonic
19892:Northwest
19862:Ramoaaina
19852:Niwer Mil
19826:Guramalum
19821:Fanamaket
19728:Laxudumau
19709:Solomonic
19707:Northwest
19684:Bali-Vitu
19653:Willaumez
19598:Gulaʼalaa
19563:Toʼabaita
19559: ? †
19459:Solomonic
19457:Southeast
19381:Tanimbili
19221:Admiralty
19177:Southwest
18911:Warembori
18826:Nusa Laut
18730:Yalahatan
18376:Rote–Meto
18299:Kawaimina
18082:Seluwasan
18005:Lamaholot
17998:Lamaholot
17898:Manggarai
17656:Kalumpang
17640:Ulumandaʼ
17604:Malimpung
17224:Balaesang
17137:Kumbewaha
17069:Mori Atas
17039:Bahonsuai
16904:Lampungic
16717:Bantenese
16701:Sundanese
16694:Sundanese
16499:Malaysian
16481:Seberuang
16360:Semandang
16167:Daro-Matu
16012:Kalabakan
15987:Sembakung
15932:Murutic *
15902:Tombonuwo
15812:Dusunic *
15495:Tonsawang
15477:Minahasan
15462:Sangirese
15401:Agutaynen
15374:Ponosakan
15369:Mongondow
15359:Kaidipang
15354:Gorontalo
15311:Sarangani
15291:Kagayanen
15169:Palawanic
15113:Davawenyo
15060:Porohanon
15045:Masbateño
15035:Karolanos
14984:Caluyanon
14941:Rinconada
14859:Tagalogic
14745:Mag-antsi
14671:Kalanguya
14633:Kankanaey
14292:Kavalanic
14263:Favorlang
14226:Northwest
13948:Phrae Pwo
13921:Hainanese
13901:Cantonese
13625:Sukhothai
13616:Thai Song
13537:Languages
13132:IsiNgqumo
13080:Religious
12889:(isiZulu)
12873:(siSwati)
12836:(Sesotho)
12794:Afrikaans
12615:Baweanese
12588:Banjarese
12521:Malayalam
12516:Dravidian
12471:Hainanese
12466:Cantonese
12436:Singdarin
12248:By states
12102:Esperanto
12039:Chavacano
11852:Malayalam
11847:Dravidian
11774:Hainanese
11733:Cantonese
11669:Tombonuwo
11634:Sembakung
11454:Kalabakan
11404:Daro-Matu
11144:Cheq Wong
11082:Tai-Kadai
10999:Malaysian
10667:Hainanese
10652:Cantonese
10591:Mardijker
10535:Surabayan
10529:Peranakan
10290:Warembori
10219:Kimaghama
10107:Tamagario
9863:Ketengban
9785:Burumakok
9633:Sikaritai
9618:Obokuitai
9362:Tsaukambo
9092:Kemberano
9077:Inanwatan
8775:Gamkonora
8677:Kayupulau
8401:Manggarai
8313:Seluwasan
8087:Erokwanas
7942:Lamaholot
7914:Yalahatan
7849:Nusa Laut
7476:Tonsawang
7458:Minahasan
7443:Ponosakan
7438:Mongondow
7428:Kaidipang
7353:Kalabakan
7307:Sembakung
7203:Semandang
7183:Rejangese
6984:Ulumanda’
6919:Malimpung
6899:Kalumpang
6712:Kayuagung
6698:Lampungic
6563:Mori Atas
6523:Kumbewaha
6428:Balaesang
6423:Bahonsuai
6366:Indramayu
6340:Javanese
6333:Javanesic
6301:Bantenese
6288:Sundanese
6152:Palembang
6025:Kutainese
5952:Seberuang
5879:Banjarese
5634:129174700
5404:213343934
5396:2180-2726
5244:1475-3502
5069:30 August
4723:Malaysian
4318:for Malay
4265:Perkara 1
4255:Article 1
3985:Malaysian
3913:(glory),
3911:luwalhati
3830:Sri Lanka
3765:does not
3740:Afrikaans
3732:Coloureds
3728:Cape Town
3654:Banjarese
3610:Malaysian
3517:Singapore
3509:Indonesia
3424:July 2019
3347:does not
3285:inflected
3277:dia punya
3181:Palembang
3150:Pontianak
3101:(origin)
3090:Phonemes
2975:Northern
2948:/i,e,u,o/
2647:"hidden"
2247:semivowel
2152:voiceless
2146:Fricative
2062:voiceless
2056:Affricate
1943:Phonology
1872:Singapore
1860:Indonesia
1675:Old Malay
1527:Indonesia
1471:Indonesia
1436:Old Malay
1432:Srivijaya
1348:Singapore
1328:Palembang
1324:Srivijaya
1168:Malaysian
1119:Singapore
1111:Indonesia
1083:; Malay:
971:Glottolog
743:Banjarese
652:ISO 639-3
616:ISO 639-2
598:ISO 639-1
574:in Brunei
522:Indonesia
489:Indonesia
450:Singapore
419:Indonesia
330:Indonesia
228:Old Malay
128:Ethnicity
110:Singapore
102:Indonesia
45:Malayalam
22344:Tahitian
22339:Rapa Nui
22296:Hawaiian
22241:Tuvaluan
22231:Sikaiana
22216:Nukumanu
22163:Gone Dau
22074:Mokilese
22066:Pohnpeic
22056:Woleaian
22051:Ulithian
22036:Sonsorol
22000:Chuukese
21978:Pohnpeic
21976:Chuukic–
21961:Kosraean
21890:Waamwang
21840:Hmwaveke
21803:Northern
21788:Xârâgurè
21758:Ndrumbea
21736:Southern
21681:Aneityum
21506:Neverver
21476:Nasarian
21456:Malfaxal
21451:Litzlitz
21411:Aveteian
21393:Malakula
21275:Central
21265:Southern
21240:Tolomako
21235:Tasiriki
20963:Southern
20914:Kilivila
20893:Gumawana
20868:Minaveha
20843:Kaninuwa
20803:Sewa Bay
20773:Boselewa
20763:Maiadomu
20758:Koluwawa
20748:Iamalele
20738:Bwaidoka
20733:Wagawaga
20634:Mur Pano
20594:Mangseng
20554:Sengseng
20370:Silisili
20208:Schouten
20158:Masimasi
20129:Jayapura
19999:Papapana
19984:Mono-Alu
19952:Kazukuru
19902:Babatana
19857:Patpatar
19837:Konomala
19670:Meramera
19613:ꞋAreꞌare
19588:Kwaraʼae
19578:Fataleka
19568:Baelelea
19513:Malaita–
19390:Vanikoro
19189:Yerisiam
18810:Kamarian
18765:Wakasihu
18740:Piru Bay
18720:Manusela
18692:Nunusaku
18661:Masiwang
18651:Watubela
18594:Hukumina
18563:Teor-Kur
18477:Emplawas
18419:Uab Meto
18253:Tukudede
18194:Tarangan
18184:Manombai
18040:Lewotobi
18035:Lamalera
18015:Lamatuka
17943:Nagé-Kéo
17923:Wae Rana
17851:Baliledo
17841:Wanukaka
17721:Chamorro
17714:Isolates
17701:Lemolang
17678:Talondoʼ
17594:Enrekang
17556:Northern
17504:Panasuan
17446:Makassar
17421:Buginese
17235:Dampelas
17200:Bobongko
17185:Balantak
17142:Lasalimu
17117:Bonerate
17089:Tomadino
17079:Rahambuu
17059:Moronene
17054:Kulisusu
17002:Balinese
16994:–Sumbawa
16977:Madurese
16970:Madurese
16938:Javanese
16931:Javanese
16922:Komering
16825:Simeulue
16810:Mentawai
16750:Moklenic
16541:Bengkulu
16465:Keninjal
16400:Acehnese
16370:Benyaduʼ
16355:Kembayan
16350:Jangkang
16340:Tringgus
16272:Hovongan
16090:Lundayeh
15982:Selungai
15977:Keningau
15917:Serudung
15894:Paitanic
15671:Ampanang
15661:Bakumpai
15641:Lawangan
15631:Maʼanyan
15626:Balangan
15599:Malagasy
15444:Sangiric
15393:Kalamian
15339:Bintauna
15316:Tagabawa
15281:Higaonon
15192:Palawano
15105:Mansakan
15065:Ratagnon
15025:Kabalian
15000:Boholano
14989:Capiznon
14979:Butuanon
14866:Filipino
14802:Tadyawan
14760:Mag-indi
14727:Sambalic
14656:Bugkalot
14603:Balangao
14446:) ?
14342:Siraiyac
14332:Sakizaya
14235:Saisiyat
14228:Formosan
14204:Atayalic
14195:Northern
14078:template
14035:Japanese
13759:Nyah Kur
13724:Northern
13672:Minority
13585:Phu Thai
13541:Thailand
13159:Fanagalo
13097:Sanskrit
13040:Gujarati
12778:Official
12666:Japanese
12661:Filipino
12651:Armenian
12625:Javanese
12620:Buginese
12583:Acehnese
12543:Gujarati
12431:Singlish
12426:Kristang
12367:Mandarin
12350:Official
12334:National
12187:Nepalese
12172:Japanese
12150:Filipino
12097:Tanglish
12049:Manglish
12044:Kristang
11943:Javanese
11938:Buginese
11926:Madurese
11916:Acehnese
11881:Gujarati
11709:minority
11679:Tringgus
11644:Serudung
11474:Kendayan
11444:Jangkang
11326:Malaysia
11214:Mah Meri
11204:Kristang
11131:Malaysia
11025:Families
10991:Official
10884:Japanese
10876:Filipino
10793:Sanskrit
10773:Gujarati
10723:European
10708:Mandarin
10612:Portugis
10382:Uhunduni
10234:Riantana
10097:Atohwaim
9706:Tunggare
9666:Baropasi
9623:Papasena
9608:Kirikiri
9535:Trimuris
9525:Oksapmin
9510:Nimboran
9505:Namblong
9117:Yahadian
8986:Kamberau
8903:Nedebang
8687:Masimasi
8634:Uab Meto
8524:Emplawas
8461:Wanukaka
8456:Wae Rana
8336:Baliledo
8232:Yeresiam
8227:Yeretuar
8207:Wandamen
8057:Bedoanas
7990:Lewotobi
7969:Lamatuka
7962:Lamalera
7904:Watubela
7894:Teor-Kur
7839:Naka'ela
7834:Masiwang
7829:Manusela
7762:Kamarian
7745:Hukumina
7616:Tarangan
7606:Manombai
7496:Sangiric
7408:Bintauna
7300:Selungai
7238:Bah-Biau
7220:Tringgus
7168:Kembayan
7163:Jangkang
7105:Hovongan
7057:Ot Siang
7047:Ot Danum
7032:Ma'anyan
7027:Lawangan
7007:Bakumpai
7002:Ampanang
6969:Talondo’
6939:Panasuan
6904:Lemolang
6889:Enrekang
6859:Buginese
6816:Simeulue
6806:Mentawai
6706:Komering
6648:Tomadino
6598:Rahambuu
6553:Moronene
6528:Lasalimu
6518:Kulisusu
6483:Dampelas
6463:Bonerate
6458:Bobongko
6433:Balantak
6315:Priangan
6145:Lematang
6114:Mukomuko
6066:Madurese
5995:Keninjal
5990:Kendayan
5894:Bengkulu
5854:Bali Aga
5848:Balinese
5830:Bakongan
5824:Acehnese
5555:27868100
5477:17 March
5355:26845189
5064:Omniglot
4946:Archived
4890:(1996).
4866:62886471
4603:The Star
4296:See also
4217:English
4185:Examples
4033:Bengkulu
3997:Malaccan
3991:Besides
3888:Thailand
3658:Menterap
3513:Malaysia
3486:Jakartan
3441:Sanskrit
3258:suffixes
3254:prefixes
3197:Fronted
3170:Rounded
2958:is not.
2729:"grave"
2515:Example
2509:Distinct
1987:Alveolar
1876:Thailand
1864:Malaysia
1805:script.
1791:Cambodia
1669:, using
1603:cognates
1587:Malagasy
1577:and the
1531:Portugal
1504:Sanskrit
1479:(Malay:
1457:rule in
1420:Dutchman
1362:, South
1360:Cambodia
1356:Thailand
1127:Thailand
1115:Malaysia
1097:) is an
992:31-MFA-a
978:nucl1806
528:Thailand
512:(beside
437:Malaysia
324:Arabic (
161:Speakers
106:Malaysia
22434: ?
22400:Tikopia
22358:Futunic
22324:Penrhyn
22311:Moriori
22286:Austral
22279:Eastern
22221:Nukuoro
22211:Nuguria
22192:Nuclear
22133:Rotuman
22113:Pacific
22111:Central
22041:Tanapag
22021:Pááfang
21987:Chuukic
21943:Nuclear
21934:Nauruan
21875:Pwaamèi
21860:Nyâlayu
21783:Xârâcùù
21720:Nengone
21501:Neveʻei
21491:Navwien
21481:Nasvang
21471:Nahavaq
21441:Larëvat
21431:Burmbar
21426:Botovro
21363:Bierebo
21330:Paamese
21315:Daakaka
21295:Efatese
21277:Vanuatu
21267:Oceanic
21263:Nuclear
21225:Tamambo
21092:Baetora
21048:Mwotlap
21038:Mwerlap
21023:Lo-Toga
21018:Lemerig
20976:Vanuatu
20965:Oceanic
20909:Budibud
20873:Taupota
20863:Maiwala
20858:Haigwai
20838:Ghayavi
20813:Kakabai
20798:Mwatebu
20728:Unubahe
20713:Oyaʼoya
20691:Nuclear
20543:Kaulong
20523:Lamogai
20508:Mindiri
20503:Matukar
20493:Gedaged
20488:Bilibil
20435:Numbami
20276:Medebur
20251:Kairiru
20241:Yakamul
20226:Sissano
20173:Kaptiau
20131: ?
20070:Vangunu
20044:Tinputz
20019:Roviana
19963:Kusaghe
19907:Bannoni
19675:Nakanai
19634:Oceanic
19632:Western
19499:Malango
19376:Asumboa
19290:Western
19281:Penchal
19243:Eastern
19235: ?
19212:Oceanic
19143:Munggui
19095:Meoswar
18919: ?
18913: ?
18906:Waropen
18831:Saparua
18785:Kaibobo
18780:Paulohi
18749:Asilulu
18742: ?
18672:Benggoi
18616:Taliabo
18611:Mangole
18600:Moksela
18579:Ambelau
18482:Imroing
18424:Amarasi
18409:Termanu
18399:Ringgou
18330: ?
18324: ?
18289:Atauran
18232:Idalaka
18209:Timoric
18149:Batuley
18144:Barakai
18111:Yamdena
18106:Fordata
18094: ?
18050:Ile Ape
18045:Adonara
18010:Alorese
17908:Rembong
17861:Lamboya
17831:Mamboru
17826:Kambera
17726:Palauan
17680: ?
17666:Pattaeʼ
17474:Selayar
17459:Bentong
17431:Embaloh
17372:Laiyolo
17335:Topoiyo
17305:Mbelala
17272: ?
17231: ?
17190:Banggai
17157:Pancana
17147:Liabuku
17127:Cia-Cia
17099:Wawonii
17049:Kodeoha
17022:Celebic
17012:Sumbawa
16982:Kangean
16911:Lampung
16892: ?
16848:Angkola
16801: ?
16799:Enggano
16752: ?
16592:Kerinci
16578: ?
16471:Mualang
16467: ?
16375:Sanggau
16315:Bakatiʼ
16244:Kayanic
16182:Bukitan
16177:Melanau
16162:Sekapan
16157:Lahanan
16152:Kajaman
16130:Bintulu
16105:Berawan
16085:Lengilu
16080:Kelabit
16076: ?
15972:Timugon
15959:Murutic
15945: ?
15930:Greater
15841:Dusunic
15810:Greater
15792: ?
15752:Greater
15694:Abaknon
15676:Tunjung
15490:Tondano
15485:Tombulu
15457:Ratahan
15434:Teduray
15344:Bolango
15296:Kamigin
15286:Ilianen
15271:Binukid
15243:Maranao
15207:Subanen
15138:Mansaka
15133:Mandaya
15128:Mamanwa
15118:Kalagan
15040:Magahat
15030:Karay-a
15015:Cuyonon
14994:Cebuano
14959:Akeanon
14951:Bisayan
14876:Tagalog
14841:Tawbuid
14836:Hanunoo
14792:Alangan
14755:Botolan
14750:Bolinao
14735:Abellen
14628:Kalinga
14538:Gaddang
14533:Gaʼdang
14505:Ilocano
14462:Itbayat
14444:linkage
14356:Taivoan
14310:Luilang
14305:Kavalan
14080:below (
14030:English
14007:Russian
14002:Punjabi
13992:Burmese
13926:Hokchew
13916:Hokkien
13906:Teochew
13896:Sinitic
13863:Iu Mien
13774:Thavung
13769:Ten'edn
13764:Palaung
13731:Western
13658:Tai Nüa
13468:Berawan
13463:Melanau
13438:Chinese
13417:English
13244:Sinhala
13023:Foreign
12979:Khoisan
12908:Tsonga
12842:Tswana
12799:English
12656:Burmese
12598:Angkola
12563:Sinhala
12553:Punjabi
12538:Bengali
12496:Teochew
12491:Hokkien
12486:Hokchew
12481:Henghwa
12461:Sinitic
12453:Chinese
12357:English
12167:Persian
12135:Burmese
12130:Bengali
12120:African
12031:Creoles
11989:Maranao
11948:Kerinci
11891:Punjabi
11811:Teochew
11789:Hokkien
11716:Chinese
11664:Timugon
11624:Sekapan
11544:Momogun
11539:Melanau
11519:Lengilu
11509:Lahanan
11469:Kelabit
11459:Kanowit
11449:Kajaman
11394:Bukitan
11364:Bintulu
11354:Berawan
11279:Semelai
11189:Kenaboi
11154:Jah Hut
11099:Natives
11065:Malayic
11004:English
10870:Tagalog
10788:Punjabi
10768:Bengali
10745:English
10713:Teochew
10703:Hinghwa
10682:Hokkien
10644:Chinese
10580:Javindo
10419:Pidgins
10415:Creoles
10376:Tambora
10346:Maybrat
10326:Burmeso
10311:Abinomn
10211:Kolopom
10191:Mairasi
10183:Mairasi
10145:Sowanda
10102:Kayagar
10089:Kayagar
9995:Tofanma
9888:Somahai
9873:Korupun
9868:Kosarek
9858:Goliath
9835:Yonggom
9762:Sentani
9648:Waritai
9643:Taworta
9613:Kwerisa
9563:Biritai
9470:Kwesten
9455:Kemtuik
9445:Kauwera
9430:Isirawa
9405:Bonerif
9385:Airoran
9342:Mandobo
9337:Korowai
9150:Moskona
9107:Kovojab
9067:Dombano
9062:Arandai
9019:Kalabra
8996:Koneraw
8956:Buruwai
8938:Woisika
8928:Wersing
8825:Togutil
8810:Ternate
8702:Kaptiau
8614:Termanu
8584:Ringgou
8539:Imroing
8484:Amarasi
8431:Rembong
8396:Mamboru
8386:Lamboya
8366:Kambera
8275:Yamdena
8250:Fordata
8212:Waropen
8147:Meoswar
8137:Munggui
8097:Irarutu
7955:Ile Ape
7948:Adonara
7932:Alorese
7889:Taliabo
7869:Saparua
7864:Saleman
7854:Paulohi
7819:Mangole
7757:Kaibobo
7707:Kailolo
7700:Hulaliu
7669:Benggoi
7654:Asilulu
7649:Ambelau
7571:Batuley
7566:Barakai
7509:Ratahan
7471:Tondano
7466:Tombulu
7413:Bolango
7360:Nonukan
7341:Tidung
7277:Lengilu
7258:Kelabit
7253:Bukitan
7208:Beginci
7193:Sanggau
7148:Bakati’
7062:Tunjung
6949:Selayar
6884:Embaloh
6849:Bentong
6796:Enggano
6753:Angkola
6720:Lampung
6678:Wawonii
6653:Topoiyo
6588:Pancana
6548:Mbelala
6543:Liabuku
6533:Laiyolo
6513:Kodeoha
6478:Cia-Cia
6438:Banggai
6405:Celebic
6283:Sumbawa
6273:Semende
6166:Penukal
6159:Penesak
6121:Pesisir
6107:Kuantan
6056:Loncong
6000:Kerinci
5970:Kangean
5945:Mualang
5904:Besemah
5309:3622989
4786:(ed.).
4729:", etc.
4692:30 July
4260:Pasal 1
4195:perkara
4066:creoles
4037:Jakarta
4029:Kerinci
4013:Langkat
4001:Sumatra
3987:speaker
3951:speaker
3923:Tagalog
3892:Pattani
3863:English
3849:of the
3786:removed
3771:sources
3646:Loncong
3544:Sumatra
3491:Malay (
3465:English
3453:Persian
3368:removed
3353:sources
3314:and an
3250:derived
3222:Grammar
3208:Jakarta
3177:Pattani
3158:Jakarta
3139:Raised
3121:Sarawak
3117:Tengger
3065:silent
2890:/pəraŋ/
2860:: both
2776:Central
2549:"news"
2468:is 'kh'
2458:is 'sy'
2379:is 'ng'
2276:lateral
2007:Glottal
1997:Palatal
1920:English
1906:of the
1892:English
1882:called
1837:Jakarta
1787:Vietnam
1775:Rencong
1767:Pallava
1701:called
1593:in the
1519:Ternate
1467:Sumatra
1459:Sumatra
1424:Sumatra
1410:of the
1404:Sumatra
1372:Sarawak
1364:Vietnam
1332:Sumatra
1308:History
1224:Malacca
1210:Sumatra
893:Kerinci
640: (
627: (
501:Sumatra
203:Malayic
22443:Tongan
22438:Niuean
22424:Tongic
22265:Samoan
22251:Samoic
22158:Fijian
22046:Tobian
21896:Yuanga
21885:Vamale
21880:Pwapwâ
21835:Haveke
21820:Cèmuhî
21810:Bwatoo
21620:Sorung
21576:Alovas
21521:Nitita
21516:Nisvai
21368:Bieria
21310:Makura
21305:Lelepa
21290:Nafsan
21245:Tutuba
21230:Tangoa
21200:Mav̋ea
21188:Nokuku
21097:Duidui
21063:Veraʼa
21043:Mwesen
21013:Lehali
20945:Sudest
20919:Misima
20878:Tawala
20808:Dawawa
20793:Molima
20788:Galeya
20768:Bunama
20743:Diodio
20718:Saliba
20703:Buhutu
20624:Karnai
20614:Mengen
20609:Mamusi
20599:Solong
20579:Bebeli
20569:Apalik
20564:Akolet
20559:Aiklep
20538:Karore
20453:Bariai
20415:Mumeng
20400:Kumalu
20380:Wampur
20375:Wampar
20335:Dangal
20330:Adzera
20304:Bukawa
20256:Terebu
20236:Tumleo
20188:Tobati
20183:Tarpia
20168:Podena
20143:Bonggo
20127:Sarmi–
20098:Tomoip
20080:Zabana
20075:Varisi
20065:Vaghua
20059:Uruava
20054:Ughele
20024:Saposa
20004:Petats
19979:Marovo
19974:Lungga
19958:Kokota
19877:Tangga
19832:Kandas
19769:Madara
19748:Tungag
19608:Doriʼo
19573:Baeggu
19537:Fagani
19522:Longgu
19504:Talise
19474:Bugotu
19439:Nalögo
19407:Tanema
19402:Lovono
19364:Utupua
19356:Temotu
19314:Wuvulu
19309:Seimat
19266:Lenkau
19260:Hermit
19233:Yapese
19163:Kurudu
19148:Papuma
19133:Wamesa
19090:Dusner
19077:Biakic
19044:Patani
18990:Fiawat
18969:Matbat
18895:Tandia
18821:Amahai
18816:Haruku
18795:Tulehu
18760:Manipa
18725:Wemale
18715:Huaulu
18710:Nuaulu
18704:Kayeli
18589:Lisela
18540:Kowiai
18487:Telaʼa
18467:Serili
18462:Masela
18389:Dengka
18365:Makuva
18345:Romang
18322:Naueti
18317:Midiki
18312:Waimoa
18307:Kairui
18284:Galoli
18263:Bekais
18258:Mambai
18222:Helong
18189:Mariri
18179:Lorang
18077:Selaru
18069:Selaru
18055:Mingar
18025:Levuka
17989:Kedang
17953:Rongga
17948:Ngadha
17928:Paluʼe
17913:Rajong
17893:Komodo
17856:Wejewa
17846:Pondok
17661:Mamasa
17649:Toraja
17635:Pannei
17625:Bambam
17573:Mandar
17568:Mamuju
17524:Badaic
17367:Kamaru
17325:Sarudu
17315:Pamona
17270:Totoli
17265:Tomini
17250:Pendau
17205:Saluan
17084:Tolaki
17044:Bungku
16820:Sikule
16764:Moklen
16740:Rejang
16667:Temuan
16551:Duanoʼ
16526:Banjar
16521:Bamayo
16452:Ibanic
16430:Roglai
16335:Biatah
16277:Aoheng
16262:Modang
16202:Burusu
16125:Tutong
16110:Belait
16095:Saʼban
16002:Paluan
15997:Okolod
15992:Baukan
15943:Tatana
15864:Kuijau
15790:Molbog
15785:Bonggi
15780:Idaʼan
15616:Malang
15587:Barito
15562:Manide
15500:Tonsea
15467:Talaud
15452:Bantik
15379:Suwawa
15261:Agusan
15253:Manobo
15233:Iranun
15123:Kamayo
15090:Tausug
14974:Baybay
14770:Sambal
14740:Ambala
14661:Ibaloi
14638:Tuwali
14618:Isinai
14613:Ifugao
14608:Bontoc
14553:Itawis
14543:Ibanag
14467:Ivatan
14382:Paiwan
14377:Puyuma
14350:Siraya
14257:Babuza
14217:Seediq
14212:Atayal
14185:Saaroa
14167:Tsouic
14149:Rukaic
14040:Korean
13835:Moklen
13749:Mlabri
13739:Kintaq
13713:Kensiu
13606:Tai Lü
13473:Tutong
13448:Bisaya
13433:Belait
13321:Rodiya
13258:Others
13169:Scamto
13092:Hebrew
13087:Arabic
13066:Telugu
13030:German
13009:Phuthi
12927:Venda
12879:Xhosa
12871:Swazi
12676:Nepali
12671:Korean
12646:Arabic
12558:Sindhi
12526:Telugu
12508:Indian
12177:Korean
12125:Arabic
12010:Others
11994:Molbog
11984:Iranun
11931:Bawean
11921:Banjar
11869:Telugu
11840:Indian
11767:Fuzhou
11762:Fuqing
11654:Sungai
11599:Sa'ban
11569:Paluan
11564:Okolod
11504:Kuijau
11434:Ida'an
11409:Dumpas
11374:Bookan
11369:Bonggi
11359:Biatah
11349:Belait
11304:Temuan
11294:Temiar
11284:Semnam
11224:Mintil
11219:Minriq
11199:Kintaq
11194:Kensiu
11149:Duanoʼ
11038:Aslian
10889:Korean
10863:Others
10831:Arabic
10808:Telugu
10798:Sindhi
10760:Indian
10677:Haklau
10657:Fuqing
10456:Betawi
10371:Sumuri
10356:Momina
10341:Maklew
10304:Others
10262:Smerki
10224:Morori
10201:Semimi
10165:Senagi
10135:Taikat
10130:Elseng
10117:Border
10079:Yelmek
10074:Maklew
10051:Marind
10028:Kosare
9944:Murkim
9929:Kembra
9883:Nipsan
9825:Tangko
9815:Ngalum
9790:Faiwol
9729:Saweru
9701:Tefaro
9681:Demisa
9676:Burate
9628:Rasawa
9578:Eritai
9568:Doutai
9495:Mekwei
9485:Massep
9480:Mander
9475:Kwinsu
9460:Kwerba
9450:Keijar
9440:Kapori
9415:Dineor
9390:Bagusa
9367:Wambon
9357:Shiaxa
9327:Kombai
9312:Densar
9307:Bayono
9302:Awbono
9279:Wolani
9221:Silimo
9140:Mansim
9112:Puragi
9097:Kokoda
9082:Kaburi
9034:Moraid
9024:Kuwani
9001:Sempan
8991:Kamoro
8981:Mombum
8918:Sawila
8908:Oirata
8883:Kamang
8863:Blagar
8830:Waioli
8820:Tobelo
8815:Tidore
8805:Tabaru
8790:Modole
8785:Loloda
8770:Galela
8717:Tobati
8712:Tarpia
8697:Podena
8672:Bonggo
8644:Welaun
8609:Tela'a
8594:Serili
8589:Romang
8569:Masela
8534:Helong
8529:Galoli
8514:Dengka
8489:Bekais
8466:Wejewa
8441:Rongga
8426:Rajong
8421:Pondok
8416:Palu'e
8411:Ngadha
8381:Komodo
8308:Selaru
8300:Selaru
8202:Wamesa
8192:Tandia
8162:Patani
8157:Papuma
8127:Matbat
8112:Kurudu
8102:Iresim
8082:Dusner
8077:Busami
8047:Arguni
7976:Levuka
7937:Kedang
7909:Wemale
7899:Tulehu
7844:Nuaulu
7824:Manipa
7803:Lisela
7773:Kowiai
7768:Kayeli
7751:Hulung
7740:Huaulu
7714:Pelauw
7694:Haruku
7644:Amahai
7611:Mariri
7601:Lorang
7519:Talaud
7514:Sangir
7504:Bantik
7481:Tonsea
7448:Suwawa
7390:Tausug
7346:Burusu
7332:Sa'ban
7293:Okolod
7263:Kenyah
7178:Nyadu’
7153:Biatah
7120:Modang
7090:Aoheng
7037:Malang
7012:Bajaw
6994:Barito
6944:Pannei
6934:Mandar
6929:Mamuju
6924:Mamasa
6844:Bambam
6821:Sikule
6663:Totoli
6658:Tomini
6643:Tolaki
6623:Pamona
6613:Sarudu
6608:Saluan
6593:Pendau
6508:Kamaru
6468:Bungku
6380:Serang
6345:Arekan
6308:Brebes
6100:Kampar
6093:Jamee
6079:Sapudi
6072:Bawean
5924:Duano'
5869:Bamayo
5632:
5626:607205
5624:
5593:
5576:607921
5574:
5553:
5402:
5394:
5353:
5343:
5307:
5242:
5184:
5116:
5020:
4990:
4900:
4864:
4794:
4415:
4220:Malay
4176:/kitɛ/
4172:/kito/
4168:/kita/
4164:/kitɔ/
4160:/kitə/
4129:namaku
4109:katong
4105:torang
4092:, and
4041:Betawi
4005:Borneo
3746:Usages
3715:, and
3669:Betawi
3652:, and
3603:Temuan
3601:, and
3587:Malaya
3572:Duano’
3505:Brunei
3501:Malays
3489:Creole
3437:Arabic
3316:object
3212:Sambas
3111:Brunei
3087:Types
2956:hedung
2952:hidung
2902:pirang
2898:perang
2886:perang
2739:Vowels
2698:Selasa
2488:is 'k'
2478:is 'y'
2448:is 'j'
2438:is 'c'
2426:rakyat
2202:voiced
2108:voiced
1982:Dental
1977:Labial
1856:Brunei
1750:Brunei
1732:Penang
1506:, and
1500:Arabic
1376:Brunei
1302:Taiwan
1278:Borneo
1272:Origin
1256:(e.g.
1144:and a
1117:, and
1107:Brunei
1036:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
773:Betawi
753:Bangka
581:MABBIM
538:, and
463:UNESCO
460:
447:
434:
416:
406:Brunei
403:
328:) (In
315:Arabic
135:Malays
94:Brunei
22365:Anuta
22306:Māori
22236:Takuu
22168:Lauan
22005:Mapia
21865:Paicî
21850:Kumak
21830:Haeke
21773:Orowe
21768:Numèè
21710:Drehu
21641:Tanna
21581:Najit
21571:Rutan
21566:Vivti
21546:Tirax
21531:Rerep
21511:Ninde
21416:Axamb
21406:Avava
21401:Aulua
21373:Lamen
21215:Sakao
21210:Mores
21178:Araki
21074:Vurës
21068:Volow
21058:Olrat
21028:Löyöp
21008:Lakon
20993:Dorig
20974:North
20940:Nimoa
20924:Muyuw
20888:Anuki
20853:Gweda
20753:Iduna
20659:Mbula
20654:Maleu
20649:Amara
20644:Ronji
20533:Aigon
20513:Takia
20498:Marik
20458:Gitua
20430:Yamap
20425:Vehes
20395:Kapin
20360:Musom
20340:Duwet
20314:Yabem
20286:Wogeo
20271:Manam
20246:Kaiep
20198:Yamna
20193:Wakde
20178:Sobei
20116:North
20085:Zazao
20049:Torau
20034:Solos
20029:Simbo
20014:Ririo
19994:Nehan
19989:Nduke
19968:Laghu
19947:Hoava
19942:Halia
19932:Hahon
19882:Tolai
19842:Label
19816:Bilur
19800:Madak
19790:Barok
19783:Madak
19774:Notsi
19764:Lihir
19757:Tabar
19743:Tigak
19738:Tiang
19733:Nalik
19643:Meso–
19618:Oroha
19603:Kwaio
19547:Kahua
19542:Bauro
19532:Arosi
19494:Ghari
19489:Birao
19484:Lengo
19442:Noipx
19425:Äiwoo
19397:Teanu
19346:Tenis
19276:Nauna
19250:Manus
19128:Marau
19123:Ansus
19118:Ambai
19110:Yapen
19049:Sawai
18985:Maden
18978:Maden
18964:Maʼya
18943:Ambel
18883:SHWNG
18770:Boano
18682:Liana
18677:Salas
18656:Bobot
18646:Geser
18636:Banda
18519:Serua
18434:Babar
18384:Bilba
18360:Luang
18350:Kisar
18328:Habun
18279:Wetar
18248:Kemak
18227:Tetum
18159:Karey
18154:Dobel
18121:Sekar
17918:Kepoʼ
17903:Riung
17871:Gaura
17818:Sumba
17630:Dakka
17599:Maiwa
17537:Behoa
17436:Taman
17414:Bugis
17383:Wolio
17362:Kalao
17330:Sedoa
17320:Rampi
17300:Kaili
17260:Tajio
17245:Lauje
17240:Dondo
17229:Boano
17195:Batui
17180:Andio
17122:Busoa
17074:Padoe
17007:Sasak
16954:Osing
16890:Nasal
16853:Dairi
16835:Batak
16759:Moken
16712:Baduy
16642:Pekal
16566:Jakun
16494:Malay
16476:Remun
16420:Jarai
16415:Haroi
16365:Ribun
16345:Jagoi
16325:Laraʼ
16297:Murik
16287:Punan
16267:Segai
16257:Bahau
16252:Kayan
16233:Lelak
16222:Bukat
16212:Sajau
16120:Narom
16115:Kiput
16100:Tring
16074:Penan
16059:Tutoh
16054:Sebob
16007:Ganaʼ
15967:Tagol
15949:Papar
15831:Lotud
15739:Basap
15724:Yakan
15704:Mapun
15699:Bajaw
15666:Ngaju
15656:Siang
15651:Dohoi
15646:Kohin
15611:Deyah
15604:Bushi
15530:Klata
15429:Tboli
15424:Blaan
15416:Bilic
15364:Lolak
15225:Danao
15182:Batak
15095:Waray
15080:Sulod
15055:Onhan
14903:Bikol
14831:Buhid
14797:Iraya
14676:Karao
14666:Iwaak
14623:Itneg
14558:Yogad
14548:Isnag
14387:Bunun
14299:Basay
14246:Kulon
14240:Pazeh
14157:Rukai
13997:Hindi
13963:Ugong
13933:Nuosu
13911:Hakka
13858:Hmong
13830:Moken
13802:Malay
13718:Khmer
13708:Jahai
13703:Chung
13698:Chong
13611:Phuan
13478:Tamil
13443:Dusun
13394:Malay
13290:Vedda
13249:Tamil
13184:Kaaps
13142:Other
13126:Gayle
13110:Other
13061:Tamil
13055:Malay
13045:Hindi
13035:Greek
12969:Bhaca
12920:Venda
12887:Zulu
12855:Nguni
12639:Other
12593:Batak
12548:Hindi
12476:Hakka
12372:Tamil
12362:Malay
12341:Malay
12217:Signs
12140:Khmer
12092:Rojak
11999:Suluk
11886:Hindi
11857:Tamil
11747:Hakka
11684:Tutoh
11674:Tring
11659:Tagol
11619:Sebop
11594:Remun
11589:Penan
11574:Papar
11554:Narom
11524:Lotud
11514:Lelak
11489:Kiput
11464:Kayan
11439:Jagoi
11424:Ganaʼ
11414:Dusun
11344:Bajau
11339:Bahau
11314:Wila'
11299:Temoq
11269:Semai
11264:Sabüm
11209:Lanoh
11169:Jedek
11164:Jakun
11159:Jahai
11139:Batek
11119:Malay
11101:&
10803:Tamil
10731:Dutch
10688:Medan
10672:Hakka
10618:Tansi
10597:Petjo
10569:Borgo
10461:Gorap
10351:Molof
10336:Kanum
10321:Amung
10267:Tamer
10155:Waris
10140:Manem
10056:Yaqay
10046:Bipim
10023:Kaure
10000:Towei
9985:Namla
9967:Zorop
9939:Lepki
9934:Kimki
9878:Nalca
9830:Tifal
9810:Nakai
9800:Kopka
9767:Tabla
9757:Nafri
9752:Demta
9711:Woria
9696:Sauri
9686:Kofei
9671:Bauzi
9638:Tause
9573:Duvle
9558:Awera
9540:Vitou
9520:Sause
9490:Mawes
9425:Gresi
9420:Edwas
9400:Betaf
9395:Berik
9317:Edera
9269:Ekari
9226:Walak
9216:Nggem
9211:Nduga
9206:Hupla
9183:Karas
9173:Baham
9155:Sougb
9145:Meyah
9135:Hatam
9102:Konda
9044:Tehit
9039:Seget
8976:Citak
8923:Teiwa
8913:Retta
8878:Kafoa
8873:Kaera
8868:Bunak
8858:Adang
8727:Yamna
8722:Wakde
8707:Sobei
8649:Wetar
8624:Te'un
8619:Tetum
8599:Serua
8564:Luang
8549:Kisar
8544:Kemak
8494:Bilba
8451:Kepo'
8436:Riung
8356:Gaura
8291:Mapia
8265:Sekar
8177:Sawai
8142:Marau
8132:Ma'ya
8122:Maden
8042:Ansus
8037:Ambel
8032:Ambai
7859:Salas
7689:Geser
7679:Bobot
7674:Boano
7659:Banda
7639:Alune
7581:Karey
7576:Dobel
7433:Lolak
7337:Sajau
7314:Tagol
7287:Murut
7248:Bukat
7243:Basap
7213:Gerai
7188:Ribun
7173:Laraʼ
7130:Segai
7110:Kayan
7100:Bahau
7072:Pakau
7052:Sama
7042:Ngaju
7022:Kohin
7017:Deyah
6974:Taman
6909:Maiwa
6874:Dakka
6760:Dairi
6740:Batak
6683:Wolio
6633:Tajio
6618:Sedoa
6603:Rampi
6583:Padoe
6538:Lauje
6498:Kaili
6493:Kalao
6488:Dondo
6473:Busoa
6453:Boano
6448:Behoa
6443:Batui
6413:Andio
6373:Osing
6294:Baduy
6258:Sasak
6196:Pekal
6173:Rawas
5909:Bukit
5803:Slang
5630:S2CID
5622:JSTOR
5572:JSTOR
5570:(1).
5551:JSTOR
5422:(PDF)
5400:S2CID
5380:(2).
5329:(PDF)
5305:JSTOR
4862:S2CID
4842:(PDF)
4432:Malay
4349:Notes
4314:, an
4191:pasal
4125:punya
3919:sedap
3824:from
3591:Jakun
3585:) in
3556:Pekal
3461:Dutch
3445:Tamil
3312:agent
3301:moods
3297:voice
3293:belum
3289:sudah
3281:orang
3204:Perak
3146:Johor
3125:Sabah
3107:Kedah
2917:pulau
2913:cukai
2874:/e,o/
2788:Close
2771:Front
2757:/u,o/
2749:/i,e/
2726:makam
2299:Trill
2014:Nasal
2002:Velar
1896:Tetum
1886:. In
1799:Dutch
1783:Chams
1695:Latin
1508:Tamil
1400:India
1388:Jambi
1380:Sabah
1296:into
1228:Johor
1047:Malay
833:Gorap
783:Berau
763:Bacan
305:Latin
208:Malay
53:Malay
22370:Emae
22334:Rapa
22147:East
22121:West
21870:Pije
21855:Nemi
21845:Jawe
21825:Fwâi
21815:Caac
21793:Zire
21778:Tîrî
21763:Neku
21753:Arhö
21748:Arhâ
21743:Ajië
21715:Iaai
21586:Njav
21551:Unua
21541:Tape
21496:Nese
21486:Nāti
21383:Maii
21378:Lewo
21358:Baki
21300:Eton
21250:Wusi
21195:Kiai
21172:Aore
21167:Akei
21148:Sowa
21133:Apma
21107:Raga
21053:Nume
21033:Mota
21003:Koro
20848:Ubir
20828:Doga
20783:Duau
20778:Dobu
20723:Suau
20669:Tami
20639:Mato
20604:Lote
20584:Gimi
20574:Avau
20478:Mutu
20468:Lusi
20463:Kove
20390:Iwal
20385:Hote
20365:Nafi
20355:Mari
20345:Labu
20309:Kela
20281:Sepa
20261:Biem
20221:Sera
20163:Ormu
20153:Liki
20138:Anus
20039:Teop
20009:Piva
19937:Hakö
19867:Siar
19723:Kara
19696:Vitu
19691:Bali
19665:Bulu
19660:Bola
19593:Wala
19527:Saʼa
19479:Gela
19371:Amba
19194:Umar
19184:Yaur
19168:Wabo
19138:Wooi
19100:Roon
19085:Biak
19054:Gebe
19039:Maba
19034:Buli
19029:Taba
19024:Gane
18948:Biga
18917:Yoke
18836:Latu
18800:Laha
18790:Hitu
18754:Luhu
18666:Hoti
18641:Bati
18625:East
18606:Sula
18584:Buru
18572:West
18513:Nila
18508:Teun
18394:Lole
18355:Leti
18199:Ujir
18174:Lola
18169:Kola
18164:Koba
18116:Onin
17984:Sika
17958:Soʼa
17933:Ende
17866:Kodi
17808:Dhao
17803:Hawu
17795:Savu
17767:Bima
17760:Bima
17673:Lawa
17589:Duri
17542:Napu
17532:Bada
17491:Seko
17388:Wotu
17310:Moma
17255:Taje
17152:Muna
17094:Waru
16868:Toba
16858:Karo
16843:Alas
16815:Nias
16805:Gayo
16617:Musi
16612:Lubu
16602:Kubu
16587:Kaur
16556:Haji
16460:Iban
16435:Tsat
16425:Rade
16410:Chru
16320:Sara
16282:Aput
16227:Seru
16197:Ukit
16192:Sian
15714:Sama
15636:Paku
15621:Witu
15349:Buol
14523:Atta
14494:Arta
14472:Yami
14327:Amis
14284:East
14252:Thao
14175:Tsou
13891:Lisu
13881:Akha
13797:Cham
13653:Shan
13648:Khün
13580:Isan
13555:Thai
13483:Sian
13453:Iban
13311:Arwi
13280:Pali
13071:Urdu
12994:Nama
12989:Lozi
12984:Lala
12974:Khoe
12681:Thai
12608:Toba
12225:Main
12202:Thai
12192:Urdu
12017:Cham
11963:Rawa
11896:Urdu
11689:Ukit
11649:Sian
11639:Seru
11609:Sama
11429:Iban
11334:Abai
11324:East
10983:Main
10813:Urdu
10783:Pali
10778:Odia
10695:Riau
10417:and
10366:Mpur
10316:Abun
10295:Yoke
10257:Rema
10229:Ndom
10173:Dera
10150:Viid
10125:Awyi
10005:Usku
9990:Tebi
9962:Emem
9906:Skou
9898:Skou
9853:Eipo
9805:Muyu
9795:Iwur
9734:Yawa
9721:Yawa
9603:Keuw
9598:Kaiy
9588:Foau
9583:Fayu
9515:Orya
9500:Mlap
9435:Itik
9410:Dabe
9352:Sawi
9347:Pisa
9322:Jair
9297:Aghu
9274:Moni
9259:Auye
9241:Yali
9231:Wano
9193:Dani
9087:Kais
8898:Kula
8888:Klon
8853:Abui
8800:Sahu
8795:Pagu
8692:Ormu
8682:Liki
8667:Anus
8574:Nila
8559:Lole
8554:Leti
8446:So'a
8406:Nage
8376:Kodi
8361:Hawu
8351:Ende
8346:Dhao
8341:Bima
8260:Onin
8222:Yaur
8197:Wabo
8187:Taba
8172:Roon
8117:Maba
8107:Kuri
8092:Gane
8072:Buli
8067:Biga
8062:Biak
8012:Sika
7884:Sula
7814:Luhu
7808:Loun
7788:Latu
7778:Laha
7734:Hoti
7729:Hitu
7684:Buru
7664:Bati
7621:Ujir
7596:Lola
7586:Koba
7418:Buol
7198:Sara
7115:Krio
7095:Aput
7067:Witu
6964:Tae’
6879:Duri
6811:Nias
6801:Gayo
6788:Toba
6767:Karo
6746:Alas
6688:Wotu
6673:Waru
6628:Taje
6578:Napu
6573:Muna
6568:Moma
6418:Bada
6395:Kawi
6233:Siak
6181:Ogan
6139:Musi
6061:Lubu
6020:Kubu
5980:Kaur
5939:Iban
5934:Haji
5929:Enim
5591:ISBN
5479:2021
5441:2022
5392:ISSN
5351:OCLC
5341:ISBN
5240:ISSN
5182:ISBN
5114:ISBN
5093:2010
5071:2008
5045:and
5018:ISBN
4988:ISBN
4930:2010
4898:ISBN
4792:ISBN
4766:2021
4694:2018
4661:2023
4577:2012
4413:ISBN
4201:and
4193:and
4156:kita
4139:and
4135:but
4131:and
4101:kita
4031:and
4019:and
4003:and
3896:Yawi
3820:The
3769:any
3767:cite
3612:and
3564:Musi
3463:and
3351:any
3349:cite
3260:and
3164:Bali
3071:/r/
3068:/r/
3057:/u/
3054:/o/
3051:/o/
3043:/u/
3040:/u/
3037:/o/
3029:/i/
3026:/e/
3023:/e/
3015:/i/
3012:/i/
3009:/e/
3001:/a/
2998:/a/
2995:/ə/
2982:Baku
2937:/oj/
2935:and
2933:/aw/
2929:/aj/
2925:laut
2921:baik
2904:.)
2864:and
2839:Open
2781:Back
2751:and
2589:/zˤ/
2051:Stop
1898:and
1817:and
1803:Rumi
1795:Jawi
1789:and
1773:and
1771:Kawi
1746:Jawi
1742:Rumi
1708:Jawi
1691:Rumi
1650:The
1583:Asia
1541:, a
1336:Java
1226:and
1212:and
1089:Jawi
953:Musi
863:Kaur
843:Haji
530:(as
503:and
465:(as
421:(as
272:(as
260:(as
142:(as
21626:Ura
21561:Vao
21350:Epi
21143:Ske
20998:Hiw
20818:Are
20664:Sio
20549:Miu
20518:Wab
20420:Piu
20266:Kis
19922:Gao
19583:Lau
19552:Owa
19319:Aua
19271:Lou
19153:Pom
18901:Mor
18457:Dai
18414:Tii
18136:Aru
18101:Kei
17938:Lio
17340:Uma
16546:Col
15525:Ati
15306:Obo
15154:Ata
14964:Asi
14320:Ami
13938:Mpi
13754:Mon
13744:Kuy
13693:Bru
13539:of
13014:Tuu
12182:Lao
11752:Min
11728:Yue
11234:Mos
11087:Tai
10361:Mor
10331:Dem
10272:Yei
10244:Yam
10196:Mer
9593:Iau
9264:Dao
9178:Iha
9029:Moi
8893:Kui
8780:Kao
8629:Tii
8499:Dai
8391:Lio
8371:Kéo
8255:Kei
8217:Woi
8167:Pom
8152:Mor
7558:Aru
6668:Uma
5614:doi
5541:hdl
5531:doi
5527:160
5430:doi
5382:doi
5333:doi
5297:doi
5230:doi
5150:doi
5047:meo
5043:kxd
4854:doi
4753:doi
4542:at
4524:at
4506:at
4488:at
4470:at
4452:at
4434:at
4405:hdl
3780:by
3616:),
3527:in
3419:.
3362:by
3273:dia
3200:,
3173:,
3142:,
3119:),
2900:or
2882:/ə/
2866:/ə/
2862:/e/
2811:Mid
2753:/u/
2745:/i/
2129:d͡ʒ
2083:t͡ʃ
1785:of
1705:or
1386:in
1154:or
1105:of
1079:LAY
1077:mə-
958:zmi
948:mui
938:min
928:xmm
918:mfp
908:mkn
898:mqg
888:kvr
878:mfa
868:meo
858:vkk
848:jax
838:hji
828:goq
823:Col
818:liw
808:coa
798:ccm
788:kxd
778:bve
768:bew
758:btj
748:mfb
738:bjn
728:mhp
718:pea
708:mbf
698:abs
688:zsm
678:ind
668:zlm
659:msa
637:msa
624:may
278:or
22520::
21138:Sa
19006:As
18999:As
9777:Ok
8052:As
5628:.
5620:.
5608:.
5568:10
5566:.
5549:.
5539:.
5525:.
5519:.
5496:.
5470:.
5424:.
5398:.
5390:.
5376:.
5372:.
5349:.
5339:.
5303:.
5293:36
5291:.
5238:.
5226:38
5224:.
5220:.
5146:41
5144:.
5140:.
5128:^
5062:.
5002:^
4965:.
4886:;
4882:;
4860:.
4850:32
4848:.
4844:.
4747:.
4743:.
4680:.
4669:^
4652:.
4600:.
4579:.
4411:.
4391:^
4147:,
4121:pu
4117:pe
4096:.
4088:,
4084:,
4080:,
4076:,
4072:,
4027:,
4023:.
4015:,
4011:,
3929:.
3879:,
3742:.
3711:,
3707:,
3703:,
3699:,
3695:,
3691:,
3687:,
3683:,
3679:,
3675:,
3671:,
3656:.
3648:,
3644:,
3636:,
3632:,
3628:,
3624:,
3620:,
3605:.
3597:,
3593:,
3574:.
3562:,
3558:,
3550:,
3523:,
3519:,
3515:,
3511:,
3507:,
3459:,
3451:,
3443:,
3303:.
3264:.
3256:,
3210:,
3206:,
3192:)
3179:,
3160:)
3152:,
3148:,
3127:,
3123:,
3109:,
2931:,
2634:,
2600:,
2570:,
2536:,
2495::
2444:dʒ
2434:tʃ
2233:)
2222:)
2213:)
2188:)
2179:)
2163:)
2101:)
1957:.
1927:,
1870:,
1866:,
1862:,
1858:,
1769:,
1715:.
1585:.
1521:,
1502:,
1473:.
1469:,
1378:,
1374:,
1370:,
1366:,
1358:,
1350:,
1346:,
1342:,
1338:,
1304:.
1268:.
1216:.
1188:("
1166:("
1137:.
1113:,
1109:,
1091::
1087:,
1068:eɪ
606:ms
534:,
516:,
495:,
357:,
353:,
349:,
171:L2
165:L1
120:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
100:,
96:,
22313:†
22261:†
22007:†
21892:†
21795:†
21633:†
21622:†
21174:†
21150:†
21070:†
20545:†
20321:†
20061:†
19970:†
19954:†
19828:†
19305:†
19299:†
19262:†
18897:†
18812:†
18756:†
18706:†
18668:†
18602:†
18596:†
18552:*
18521:†
18515:†
18367:†
18211:*
17379:*
17217:*
16945:†
16708:†
16235:†
16229:†
16042:*
15803:*
15773:*
15756:*
15741:*
15558:†
15156:†
14884:†
14501:†
14442:(
14358:†
14352:†
14312:†
14301:†
14271:†
14265:†
14259:†
14248:†
14242:†
14116:e
14109:t
14102:v
13522:e
13515:t
13508:v
13370:e
13363:t
13356:v
13222:e
13215:t
13208:v
12740:e
12733:t
12726:v
12312:e
12305:t
12298:v
10968:e
10961:t
10954:v
10614:†
10593:†
10587:†
10576:†
10565:†
10378:†
8293:†
7810:†
7764:†
7753:†
7747:†
7736:†
5747:e
5740:t
5733:v
5636:.
5616::
5610:6
5599:.
5578:.
5557:.
5543::
5533::
5500:.
5481:.
5432::
5406:.
5384::
5378:8
5357:.
5335::
5311:.
5299::
5246:.
5232::
5190:.
5160:.
5158:.
5152::
5122:.
5095:.
5073:.
5026:.
4996:.
4932:.
4906:.
4868:.
4856::
4800:.
4768:.
4755::
4749:1
4696:.
4663:.
4624:.
4421:.
4407::
3807:)
3801:(
3796:)
3792:(
3788:.
3774:.
3581:(
3495:)
3426:)
3422:(
3389:)
3383:(
3378:)
3374:(
3370:.
3356:.
3156:(
2847:a
2831:o
2824:ə
2817:e
2803:u
2794:i
2720:/
2718:k
2716:/
2711:/
2709:q
2707:/
2692:/
2690:s
2688:/
2683:/
2681:θ
2679:/
2666:/
2664:ʔ
2662:/
2657:/
2655:ʕ
2653:/
2640:/
2638:r
2636:/
2632:/
2630:ɡ
2628:/
2623:/
2621:ɣ
2619:/
2606:/
2604:z
2602:/
2598:/
2596:l
2594:/
2576:/
2574:l
2572:/
2568:/
2566:d
2564:/
2559:/
2557:ð
2555:/
2542:/
2540:h
2538:/
2534:/
2532:k
2530:/
2525:/
2523:x
2521:/
2486:/
2484:q
2482:/
2476:/
2474:j
2472:/
2466:/
2464:x
2462:/
2456:/
2454:ʃ
2452:/
2446:/
2442:/
2436:/
2432:/
2428:)
2422:/
2420:ʔ
2418:/
2411:/
2409:s
2407:/
2403:/
2401:θ
2399:/
2395:/
2393:s
2391:/
2387:/
2385:θ
2383:/
2377:/
2375:ŋ
2373:/
2367:/
2365:ɲ
2363:/
2357:/
2355:z
2353:/
2349:/
2347:ð
2345:/
2341:/
2339:z
2337:/
2333:/
2331:ð
2329:/
2307:r
2285:l
2263:j
2254:w
2230:ɣ
2227:(
2219:z
2216:(
2210:v
2207:(
2193:h
2185:x
2182:(
2176:ʃ
2173:(
2168:s
2160:f
2157:(
2136:ɡ
2122:d
2115:b
2098:ʔ
2095:(
2090:k
2076:t
2069:p
2053:/
2041:ŋ
2034:ɲ
2027:n
2020:m
1994:/
1984:/
1071:/
1065:l
1062:ˈ
1059:ə
1056:m
1053:/
1049:(
644:)
642:T
631:)
629:B
542:)
524:)
469:)
425:)
332:)
321:)
317:(
311:)
307:(
284:)
266:)
153:)
146:)
40:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.