21323:
820:(BKLb, BM 38122) — date of origin uncertain, written in Neo-Babylonian script. Babylonian King List B records the kings of Babylon's first dynasty, and the kings of the First Sealand dynasty, with subscripts recording the number of kings and their summed up reigns in these dynasties. Regnal years are recorded for the kings of the first dynasty, but omitted for the kings of the Sealand dynasty. The regnal years used for the kings are inconsistent with their actual reign lengths, possibly due to the author having copied the list from a document where the years had been lost or damaged. The list records genealogical information for all but two of the kings of the first dynasty, but only for two of the kings of the Sealand dynasty. Because the document is essentially two lists for two dynasties, it is possible that it was copied and extracted from longer king lists in the late period for some unknown purpose.
2572:('dynasty of the Kassites'). The reconstruction of the sequence and names of the early rulers of this dynasty, the kings before Karaindash, is difficult and controversial. The king lists are damaged at this point and the preserved portions seem to contradict each other: for instance, BKLa has a king in-between Kashtiliash I and Abi-Rattash, omitted in the Synchronistic King List, whereas the Synchronistic King List includes Kashtiliash II, omitted in BKLa, between Abi-Rattash and Urzigurumash. It also seems probable that the earliest kings ascribed to this dynasty in king lists did not actually rule Babylon, but were added as they were ancestors of the later rulers. Babylonia was not fully consolidated and reunified until the reign of Ulamburiash, who defeated Ea-gamil, the last king of the first Sealand dynasty.
20760:
1438:
19900:
18532:
2050:
actually referred to as a 'dynasty of the
Sealand'. This dynasty overlaps with Dynasty I and Dynasty III, with these kings actually ruling the region south of Babylon (the Sealand) rather than Babylon itself. For instance, the king Gulkishar of this dynasty was actually a contemporary of Dynasty I's last king, Samsu-Ditana. It is possible that the dynasty was included in Babylon's dynastic history by later scribes either because it controlled Babylon for a time, because it controlled or strongly influenced parts of Babylonia or because it was the most stable power of its time in Babylonia. The dates listed below are highly uncertain, and follow the timespan listed for the dynasty in Beaulieu (2018),
19495:
321:. Though early Achaemenid kings continued to place importance on Babylon and continued using the title 'king of Babylon', later Achaemenid rulers being ascribed the title is probably only something done by the Babylonians themselves, with the kings themselves having abandoned it. Babylonian scribes continued to recognise rulers of the empires that controlled Babylonia as their kings until the time of the Parthian Empire, when Babylon was gradually abandoned. Though Babylon never regained independence after the Achaemenid conquest, there were several attempts by the Babylonians to drive out their foreign rulers and re-establish their kingdom, possibly as late as 336/335 BC under the rebel
10343:
rulers between
Kashtiliash IV and Adad-shuma-usur. As the reigns of these three kings add up to just a little less than seven years, scholars have historically interpreted this to mean that these three kings were appointed vassals of Tukulti-Ninurta I. The Babylonian Chronicles seem to suggest that Adad-shuma-usur ruled in the south of Bablyonia concurrently with Tukulti-Ninurta controlling the north (and Babylon itself). Beaulieu (2018) suggests the possibility that these three kings were contemporary rivals, rather than successors of one another, and that Adad-shuma-usur did succeed Kashtiliash IV directly, but only in the south, and only took control of Babylon late in his reign.
361:
1451:
372:
22987:
3030:
19204:
22617:
641:
foreigner sufficiently familiar with the royal customs of
Babylonia could adopt the title, though they might then require the assistance of the native priesthood and the native scribes. Ethnicity and culture does not appear to have been important in the Babylonian perception of kingship: many foreign kings enjoyed support from the Babylonians and several native kings were despised. That the rule of some foreign kings was not supported by the Babylonians probably has little to do with their ethnic or cultural background, but rather that they were perceived as not properly executing the traditional duties of the Babylonian king.
1040:
led to frequent
Babylonian revolts, an issue experienced by both the Assyrians and the Achaemenids. Since the capitals of the Assyrian and Achaemenid empires were elsewhere, these foreign kings did not regularly partake in the city's rituals (meaning that they could not be celebrated in the same way that they traditionally were) and they rarely performed their traditional duties to the Babylonian cults through constructing temples and presenting cultic gifts to the city's gods. This failure might have been interpreted as the kings thus not having the necessary divine endorsement to be considered true kings of Babylon.
21153:
1425:
19167:
18592:
350:
1369:
5261:
4977:
5116:
19746:
23339:
2089:
4835:
21380:
6377:
2934:
650:
4468:
710:
2902:
3717:
3061:
2806:
2701:
20074:
57:
866:(ScKL) — a collection of individual tablets and examplars. The Synchronistic King List features two columns, and records the kings of Babylon and Assyria together, with kings recorded next to each other presumably being contemporaries. Unlike most of the other documents, this list generally omits regnal years and any genealogical information, but it also differs in including many of the chief scribes under the Assyrian and Babylonian kings. The tablet with the earliest known portion of the list begins with the Assyrian king
4186:
5308:
5531:
3670:
4280:
18942:
744:
23329:
5024:
4233:
4046:
6432:
6699:
6322:
6132:
5349:
3999:
18567:
5764:
4562:
4421:
3764:
3858:
20345:
5437:
2301:
6808:
5676:
4515:
19152:
4374:
6045:
5644:
5572:
3576:
3529:
3247:
3905:
3811:
3184:
2328:
5997:
5875:
5840:
5390:
4656:
4093:
6533:
5214:
4930:
306:
upholding justice, honouring civil rights, refraining from unlawful taxation, respecting religious traditions, constructing temples, providing gifts to the gods in the temples and maintaining cultic order. Babylonian revolts of independence during the times the city was ruled by foreign empires probably had little to do with the rulers of these empires not being
Babylonians and more to do with the rulers rarely visiting Babylon and failing to partake in the city's rituals and traditions.
7105:
7473:
7377:
6972:
4327:
1356:
6482:
5612:
22201:
3482:
6267:
5484:
4788:
4741:
2469:
2375:
778:
when reconstructing the sequences of monarchs, as they are collections of royal names and regnal dates, also often with additional information such as the relations between the kings, arranged in a table format. In terms of
Babylonian rulers, the main document is the Babylonian King List (BKL), a group of three independent documents: Babylonian King List A, B, and C. In addition to the main Babylonian King Lists, there are also additional king-lists that record rulers of Babylon.
6841:
4609:
3121:
7614:
2130:
2870:
7657:
5717:
3294:
2983:
2179:
1989:
1707:
9359:
2838:
22092:
6929:
6740:
6656:
18775:
10196:, but some evidence seems to suggest that he and Sumu-la-El (his supposed successor) were contemporaries. Later rulers of Babylon's first dynasty referred to Sumu-la-El, rather than Sumu-abum, as the founder of their dynasty. It is possible that Sumu-abum did not rule Babylon, but for some reason was inserted in later traditions into the city's dynastic history. Perhaps Sumu-la-El ruled Babylon as a vassal of Sumu-abum, who might have ruled a larger group of territories.
6574:
6228:
6089:
3341:
1942:
9213:
7062:
1895:
1801:
7015:
3952:
3623:
6180:
2774:
3388:
3153:
7945:
7912:
7872:
7743:
5805:
6775:
1566:
6611:
18127:
9088:
8852:
8693:
8660:
8623:
8553:
8516:
8409:
8341:
8228:
8185:
8101:
2422:
1412:
7152:
1754:
20414:
3435:
3215:
2272:
2241:
8885:
8815:
8730:
1848:
1519:
2516:
1660:
7289:
8586:
8483:
8446:
8376:
8300:
2210:
9929:
9896:
9863:
9830:
9797:
9764:
9731:
9698:
9665:
9632:
9599:
9566:
9483:
9450:
9392:
9328:
9295:
9258:
9137:
9010:
8973:
21408:
7984:
7330:
2607:
15977:
8025:
7828:
7522:
7426:
7706:
7567:
8142:
9172:
1613:
1117:
7248:
9047:
3093:
2654:
22434:
19426:
10596:
Assyria, as the ruler of
Babylon during this brief 'interregnum'. The Uruk King List lists Ashurbanipal as Šamaš-šuma-ukin's predecessor, but also lists him as ruling simultaneously with his brother, giving his reign as 669–647 BC. In contrast, Babylonian King List A omits Ashurbanipal entirely, listing Šamaš-šuma-ukin as the direct successor of Esarhaddon, and Kandalanu as the direct successor of Šamaš-šuma-ukin.
20522:
76:
1270:. Modern historians are divided on where the line of monarchs ends. Spar and Lambert (2005) did not include any rulers beyond the first century AD in their list of kings recognised by the Babylonians, but Beaulieu (2018) considered 'Dynasty XIV of Babylon' (his designation for the Parthians as rulers of the city) to have lasted until the end of Parthian rule of Babylonia in the early 3rd century AD.
19339:
19162:
826:(BKLc) — a short text, written in Neo-Babylonian script. King List C is important as a source on the second dynasty of Isin, as the first seven lines of the preserved nine lines of text provide a portion of the sequence of kings of this dynasty and their dates. The corresponding section in Babylonian King List A is incompletely preserved. As the list ends with the Isin dynasty's seventh king,
20517:
20069:
19741:
19334:
19147:
5175:('dynasty of E'). The meaning of 'E' is not clear, but it is likely a reference to the city of Babylon, meaning that the name should be interpreted as 'dynasty of Babylon'. The time of the dynasty of E was a time of great instability and the unrelated kings grouped together under this dynasty even belonged to completely different ethnic groups. Another Babylonian historical work, the
20634:
19596:
18579:
5949:, as well as various non-dynastic vassal and rebel kings. They are often grouped together as a dynasty by modern scholars as BKLa does not use lines to separate the rulers, used elsewhere in the list to separate dynasties. BKLa also assigns individual dynastic labels to some of the kings, though thus not in the same fashion as is done for the more concrete earlier dynasties. The
4151:. Previous scholarship assumed that the first king of this dynasty, Marduk-kabit-ahheshu, ruled for the first years of his reign concurrently with the last Kassite king, but recent research suggests that this was not the case. This list follows the revised chronology of the kings of this dynasty, per Beaulieu (2018), which also means revising the dates of subsequent dynasties.
664:
commonly used by historians for ruling families in later kingdoms and empires. Though
Babylon's first dynasty did form a dynastic grouping where all monarchs were related, the dynasties of the first millennium BC, notably the Dynasty of E, did not constitute a series of coherent familial relationships at all. In a Babylonian sense, the term dynasty, rendered as
10516:, claimed that 'all the kings of Chaldea' were his vassals and that he had received tribute, as well as sacrificial meals (a Babylonian royal prerogative) at Babylon. The Babylonian crown had thus, at least nominally, been taken over by the Assyrians, though as Assyria was in a weakened state its kings were unable to fully exploit the situation.
5912:
points, and it is possible that five additional kings, whose names thus do not survive, could be inserted between the end of the
Babylonian interregnum and the reign of Ninurta-apla-X. Lists of Babylonian rulers by modern historians tend to list Ninurta-apla-X as the first king to rule after Baba-aha-iddina's deposition.
10876:(king), indicating that the Babylonians by this point still recognised a king. The ruler of Babylonia at this point in time was the Parthian rival king (i. e. usurper) Artabanus III, noted by historians as having had support for his rule in Babylonia, but not much support elsewhere in the Parthian Empire.
592:. The title was also a geographical one, in that southern Mesopotamia was typically divided into the two regions Sumer (the south) and Akkad (the north), meaning that 'king of Sumer and Akkad' referred to rulership over the entire country. The title was used by the Babylonian kings until the end of the
10657:
Antigonus, one of
Alexander III's former generals who took power in the eastern regions of Alexander's empire, began issuing date formulae in his own name, rather than in the name of an official king. The Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Period suggests that Antigonus's rule was not considered
10626:
The Babylonian Chronicles describe the period between Kandalanu and Nabopolassar as a "kingless" one and some date formulae from this period are dated to "the year after Kandalanu", suggesting an interregnum. The Uruk King List records Sin-shumu-lishir and Sinsharishkun's reigns, however, as do lists
10342:
1225 BC. The Bablyonian Chronicles describe Tukulti-Ninurta I as destroying Babylon's walls and incorporating the city into his empire for seven years until the Babylonians rebelled and placed Kashtiliash IV's son, Adad-shuma-usur, on the throne. Babylonian King List A contradicts this, listing three
10183:
Sumu-abum was the first king of Babylon according to Babylonian King Lists A and B. There is no contemporary evidence for his rule in Babylon; the earliest ruler who there is textual evidence of in Babylon itself is Sin-Muballit, the fifth king according to the king lists. Sumu-abum is contemporarily
10667:
Alexander IV died in 310 BC. Certain Babylonian documents continue to recognise him as king until 305 BC, when Seleucus I Nicator became king. The Babylonians were aware that Alexander IV had died in 310 BC, but they continued to date documents to his reign posthumously for several years since there
10595:
Though Šamaš-šuma-ukin was the legitimate successor of Esarhaddon to the Babylonian throne, appointed by his father, he was not formally invested as such until the spring after his father's death. Lists of kings of Babylon by modern historians typically regard Ashurbanipal, Esarhaddon's successor in
10218:
between lines 5 and 6 of BKLa, between Itti-ili-nibi and Damqi-ilishu, which might be a reference to a king between them, as the same sign later in the list has been seen by some scholars as evidence of an attestation of another unknown king, attested in the Synchronistic King List but unattested in
6883:
The native name for this dynasty does not appear in any sources, as the kings of Dynasty X are only listed in king lists made during the Hellenistic period, when the concept of dynasties ceased being used by Babylonians chronographers to describe Babylonian history. Modern historians typically refer
10585:
Recognising Sennacherib as the king of Babylon from 689 to 681 BC is the norm in modern lists of Babylonian kings. Babylon was destroyed at this time and many contemporary Babylonian documents, such as chronicles, refer to Sennacherb's second reign in Babylonia as a "kingless period" without a king
1383:
Even if the same spelling is used, there were also several different scripts of cuneiform signs: a name, even if spelt the same, looks considerably different in Old Babylonian signs compared to Neo-Babylonian signs or Neo-Assyrian signs. The table below presents different variants, depending on the
1112:
222–187 BC), who prominently partook in the rituals. From the Hellenistic period (i. e. the rule of the Greek Argeads and Seleucids) onwards, Greek culture became established in Babylonia, but per Oelsner (2014), the Hellenistic culture "did not deeply penetrate the ancient Babylonian culture, that
777:
Among all the different types of documents uncovered through excavations in Mesopotamia, the most important for reconstructions of chronology and political history are king-lists and chronicles, grouped together under the term 'chronographic texts'. Mesopotamian king lists are of special importance
640:
Babylonian kings were expected to establish peace and security, uphold justice, honor civil rights, refrain from unlawful taxation, respect religious traditions and maintain cultic order. None of the king's responsibilities and duties required him to be ethnically or even culturally Babylonian. Any
10291:
There being a king between Shipta'ulzi and Burnaburiash I is indicated by both Babylonian King List A and the Synchronistic King List, but as both texts are damaged, neither list preserves the name of this ruler. Historically, the fragments left have been interpreted as suggesting that this king's
1039:
Babylonian resentment of the Achaemenids likely had little to do with the Achaemenids being foreigners, but rather that the Achaemenid kings were perceived to not be capable of executing the duties of the Babylonian king properly, in line with established Babylonian tradition. This perception then
10173:
The Antiochus cylinder is written in Babylonian cuneiform, though with some unorthodox and strange choices of signs. Its rendition of the name Antiochus is featured here, alongside transcriptions of the same spelling of Antiochus, but with ordinary Babylonian and Assyrian signs, to illustrate the
1095:
305–281 BC), by the title 'king of Babylon', alongside various other ancient Mesopotamian titles and honorifics. The Seleucid kings continued to respect Babylonian traditions and culture, with several Seleucid kings recorded as having "given gifts to Marduk" in Babylon and the New Year's Festival
305:
origin. A king's cultural and ethnic background does not appear to have been important for the Babylonian perception of kingship, the important matter instead being whether the king was capable of executing the duties traditionally ascribed to the Babylonian king: establishing peace and security,
1198:
Several tablets from the Parthian period also in their date formulae mention the queen of the incumbent Parthian king, alongside the king, the first time women were officially recognised as monarchs of Babylon. The few documents that survive from Babylon in the Parthian period indicate a growing
10362:
Marduk-shapik-zeri was once believed to be attested as Marduk-nadin-ahhe's son, but the reading of the relevant text is uncertain–it cannot be proven, or disproven, that Marduk-shapik-zeri was Marduk-nadin-ahhe's son. The only definitely attested break in family succession to the throne in this
2049:
was the dynasty's point of origin. Some literary sources refer to some of the kings of this dynasty as 'kings of the Sealand', and thus modern historians refer to it as a dynasty of the Sealand. The designation as the first Sealand dynasty differentiates it from Dynasty V, which the Babylonians
1318:
1332–1308 BC), and thereafter replacing Sumerian in inscriptions and documents. For consistency purposes, and because several kings and their names are known only from king lists, which were written in Akkadian centuries after Burnaburiash II's reign, this list solely uses Akkadian, rather than
10658:
legal and that he should have submitted to the rule of Alexander III's son, Alexander IV. The list writes that "there was no king in the land" for several years and titles Antigonus as the chief of the army, rather than king. The Uruk King List includes Antigonus without comments on his status.
10237:
Omitted in Babylonian King Lists A and B, only being included in the Synchronistic King List. The reading of the signs making up his name is not certain. The issue derives from the poor quality early photographs of the tablet and its subsequent deteriorating condition. The presence of the sign
5911:
Babylonian King List A records the names of 17 kings of the dynasty of E, but it states afterwards that the dynasty comprised 22 kings. The discrepancy might be explainable as a scribal error, but it is also possible that there were further kings in the sequence. The list is broken at critical
813:
648–627 BC). The end of the tablet is broken off, suggesting that it originally listed rulers after Kandalanu as well, possibly also listing the kings of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. All dynasties are separated by horizontal lines, under which subscript records a sum of the regnal years of each
663:
As with other monarchies, the kings of Babylon are grouped into a series of royal dynasties, a practice started by the ancient Babylonians themselves in their king lists. The generally accepted Babylonian dynasties should not be understood as familial groupings in the same vein as the term is
631:
from the king, slapped him across the face and made him kneel before Marduk's statue. The king would then tell the statue that he had not oppressed his people and that he had maintained order throughout the year, whereafter the high priest would reply (on behalf of Marduk) that the king could
10605:
Ashurbanipal is again not recorded by the Babylonian King List A as ruler between Šamaš-šuma-ukin and Kandalanu, and is not recorded as such in lists by modern historians either. Ashurbanipal did however rule Babylonia from the defeat of Šamaš-šuma-ukin in the summer of 648 BC to Kandalanu's
10511:
in 812 BC, Babylonia entered into an interregnum lasting several (at least four) years, which the chronicles describe as a period when there was "no king in the land". The chief claimants to royal power in Babylonia at this time was the Assyrians. Though they did not claim the title 'king of
8932:
The chronology of the Parthian kings, especially in the early period, is disputed on account of a lack of sources. The chronology here, which omits several rival kings and usurpers, primarily follows Shayegan (2011), Dąbrowa (2012) and Daryaee (2012). For alternate interpretations, see the
10310:
Kadashman-Sah does not appear in king lists. The only evidence of his existence are tablets that are dated to the reign of 'Agum and Kadashman-Sah', suggesting that he was a king, and that there was some form of co-rulership. It is possible that he was a transitional ruler with only local
10244:
between lines 10 and 11 of BKLa, between Gulkishar and Peshgaldaramesh might be a reference to a king between them. Given that he only appears in one source, and BKLa states that there were 11 kings of this dynasty, his existence is not certain. Perhaps he was a real king who reigned very
10352:
A family link between Ninurta-nadin-shumi and his immediate predecessors cannot be proven from the sources, but the only definitely attested break in family succession to the throne in this dynasty was the accession of Adad-apla-iddina, who is explicitly designated as an usurper in the
1013:
In addition to the king lists described above, cuneiform inscriptions and tablets confidently establish that the Babylonians continued to recognise the foreign rulers of Babylonia as their legitimate monarchs after the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and throughout the rule of the
1072:
465–424 BC). After Artaxerxes I's rule there are few examples of monarchs themselves using the title, though the Babylonians continued to ascribe it to their rulers. The only known official explicit use of 'king of Babylon' by a king during the Seleucid period can be found in the
10207:
No king list includes a king between Itti-ili-nibi and Damqi-ilishu, and Babylonian King List A states that Dynasty II had 11 kings, speaking against the existence of this figure. The existence of an unknown king here is thus very speculative, based on the presence of the sign
676:, related to a sequence of monarchs from the same ethnic or tribal group (i.e. the Kassite dynasty), the same region (i.e. the dynasties of the Sealand) or the same city (i.e. the dynasties of Babylon and Isin). In some cases, kings known to be genealogically related, such as
1476:('dynasty of Babylon'). To differentiate it from the other dynasties that later ruled Babylon, modern historians often refer to this dynasty as the 'First Dynasty of Babylon'. Some historians refer to this dynasty as the 'Amorite dynasty' on account of the kings being of
455:) – emphasises the political dominion of Babylon itself. For much of the city's history, its rulers referred to themselves as viceroys or governors, rather than kings. The reason for this was that Babylon's true king was formally considered to be its national deity,
10722:
Demetrius I Soter deposed and killed Antiochus V Eupator in 162 BC, but the last known document dated to Antiochus V's rule at Babylon is from 11 January 161 BC. It is possible that it took several weeks for the news of Antiochus V's death to reach the eastern
531:
name for the Babylonian kingdom, and the title 'king of Karduniash' was introduced by the city's third dynasty (the Kassites). The title continued to be used long after the Kassites had lost control of Babylon, for instance as late as under the native king
10525:
Some of the Chaldean tribes during this time also either claimed royal Babylonian power, or asserted their own independence. A seal from the time of the interregnum depicts the chief of the Bit-Yakin tribe (and father of the later king Eriba-Marduk),
7199:
The concept of dynasties ceased being used in king-lists made after the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, meaning that the native Babylonian designations for the ruling dynasties of the foreign empires that succeeded the Chaldean kings are unknown.
10691:
Did not technically become senior king until his father's death, from which his rule is counted in the Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic period, but recognised as king in date formulae alongside his father from this earlier date onwards.
5074:
BKLa dynastically separates Mar-biti-apla-usur from other kings with horizontal lines, marking him as belonging to a dynasty of his own. The Dynastic Chronicle also groups him by himself, and refers to his dynasty (containing only him) as the
981:
As years in Babylon were named after the current king, and the current year of their reign, date formulas in economic, astronomical and literary cuneiform texts written in Babylonia also provide highly important and useful chronological data.
10744:
Given that tablets dating to Antiochus V Eupator are known from January 161 BC, and the earliest known tablet dated to Demetrius I is from 14 May 161 BC, Timarchus's brief control of Babylon must have transpired at some point between these
238:, which existed as an independent realm from the 19th century BC to its fall in the 6th century BC. For the majority of its existence as an independent kingdom, Babylon ruled most of southern Mesopotamia, composed of the ancient regions of
10606:
appointment in 647 BC. Date formulae from Babylonia during this time are dated to Ashurbanipal's rule, and indicate that the transfer of power to Kandalanu was gradual. Tablets were still dated to Ashurbanipal around the end of 647 BC at
10543:
Ninurta-apla-X is only known from Babylonian King List A, where his name is broken off and incompletely preserved. The 'X' in his name was inserted by modern historians to mark the missing portion. The second element of the name,
1043:
The standard regnal title used by the early Achaemenid kings, not only in Babylon but throughout their empire, was 'king of Babylon and king of the lands'. The Babylonian title was gradually abandoned by the Achaemenid king
609:
The Babylonian kings derived their right to rule from divine appointment by Babylon's patron deity Marduk and through consecration by the city's priests. Marduk's main cult image (often conflated with the god himself), the
10281:
As Agum II explicitly refers to Urzigurumash as his father in his own inscriptions, Beaulieu (2018) placed him as Urzigurumash's direct successor. Chen (2020) placed him later, as the direct predecessor of Burnaburiash
1055:
486–465 BC), after he had to put down a major Babylonian uprising. Xerxes also divided the previously large Babylonian satrapy into smaller sub-units and, according to some sources, damaged the city itself in an act of
10586:
in the land. Babylonian King List A nevertheless includes Sennacherib as the king of this period, listing his second reign as taking place between the downfall of Mushezib-Marduk and the accession of Esarhaddon.
922:
10320:
There are no sources that directly indicate a familial connection between Kadashman-Enlil I and Kurigalzu I, but Kadashman-Enlil I's presumed son, Burnaburiash II, refers to Kurigalzu I as his ancestor in a
1251:
Due to a shortage of sources, and the timing of Babylon's abandonment being unknown, the last ruler recognised by the Babylonians as king is not known. The latest known cuneiform tablet is W22340a, found at
21322:
10372:
The name of this king has not survived in its complete form in any source. The 'X' in his name was inserted by modern historians to mark the missing portion. The reading of the second element of his name,
14984:
Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2016). "Dynastic Connections in the Arsacid Empire and the Origins of the House of Sāsān". In Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Pendleton, Elizabeth J.; Alram, Michael; Daryaee, Touraj (eds.).
1322:
It is not uncommon for there to be several different spellings of the same name in Akkadian, even when referring to the same individual. To examplify this, the table below presents two ways the name of
991:
10801:
Though formally only a regent during the minority of her son, a contemporary Babylonian tablet counts Rinnu as a monarch. The date formula of this tablet reads 'Arshak and Ri--nu, his mother, kings'.
10639:
Contemporary Babylonian contract tablets, as well as Babylonian king lists, omit both Xerxes II and Sogdianus, suggesting that the Babylonians viewed Darius II as Artaxerxes I's immediate successor.
1025:
Early Achaemenid kings greatly respected Babylonian culture and history, and regarded Babylonia as a separate entity or kingdom united with their own kingdom in something akin to a personal union.
785:(BKLa, BM 33332) — created at some point after the foundation of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Babylonian King List A records the kings of Babylon from the beginning of Babylon's first dynasty under
11838:
Koppen, Frans van. "2. The Early Kassite Period". Volume 1 Karduniaš. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 45-92
10379:, is not fully certain. According to Brinkman (1968), there are many possibilities for what the full name was (based on known Babylonian names with the same first two elements), including:
10713:
Junior ruler who never ruled in his own right, recognised as king of Babylon alongside his senior counterpart in date formulae and in the Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Period.
701:
722–710 BC and 703 BC), were separated into different dynasties, the former designated as belonging to the Dynasty of E and the latter as belonging to the (Third) Sealand dynasty.
6884:
to the dynasty as the 'Neo-Babylonian dynasty', as these kings ruled the Neo-Babylonian Empire, or the 'Chaldean dynasty', after the presumed ethnic origin of the royal line. The
10254:
Babylonian King List A adds a king between Kashtiliash I and Abi-Rattash, but the list is damaged and the name is not preserved. The Synchronistic King List omits this figure.
14398:
637:
Through being a patron of Babylon's temples, the king extended his generosity towards the Mesopotamian gods, who in turn empowered his rule and lent him their authority.
18161:
10754:
Babylonian documents from the period of Parthian rule refer to virtually all Parthian kings as Arshaka, Arshakan, Arshakamma, or some other Akkadian variant of the name
14907:
Nielsen, John P. (2015). ""I Overwhelmed the King of Elam": Remembering Nebuchadnezzar I in Persian Babylonia". In Silverman, Jason M.; Waerzeggers, Caroline (eds.).
18408:
10677:
Seleucus I Nicator became king in 305 BC, but he retroactively dated to his accession to 311 BC. The Babylonian King List dates Seleucus I's accession to 305/304 BC.
1234:
If any remnants of the old Babylonian culture still existed at that point, they would have been decisively wiped out as the result of religious reforms in the early
863:
860:
1068–1047 BC). Its short length and unusual shape (being curved rather than flat) means that it might have been a practice tablet used by a young Babylonian student.
10786:
at the same time and clarification was needed, Babylonian documents sometimes employed the personal names of the kings. The practice of all Parthian kings assuming
1030:
Despite this, the Babylonians would grow to resent Achaemenid rule, just as they had resented Assyrian rule during the time their country was under the rule of the
15274:
823:
817:
782:
4891:('dynasty of Bit-Bazi'). The Bit-Bazi were a clan attested already in the Kassite period. It is likely that the dynasty derives its name either from the city of
19855:
1199:
sense of alarm and alienation in Babylon as the Parthian kings were mostly absent from the city and the Babylonians noticed their culture slowly slipping away.
269:
Many of Babylon's kings were of foreign origin. Throughout the city's nearly two-thousand year history, it was ruled by kings of native Babylonian (Akkadian),
15474:
The Cambridge Ancient History: III Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C.
10527:
902:
631–627 BC) in Assyria and Kandalanu in Babylon. As it is written in Neo-Assyrian script, it might have been created near the end of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
1266:(king), indicating that the Babylonians by this point still recognised a king. At this time, Babylonia was ruled by the Parthian rival king (i. e. usurper)
15757:
10531:
5955:
designation associated with each king (they are recorded in the list up until Mushezib-Marduk) is included in the table below and follows Fales (2014).
19984:
19860:
16350:
4147:
was the dynasty's point of origin. Modern historians refer to this dynasty as the second dynasty of Isin to differentiate it from the ancient Sumerian
627:, Babylon's main cult temple, alone on the fifth day of the New Year's Festival each year and met with the high priest. The high priest removed the
20277:
14625:
Haubold, Johannes (2019). "History and Historiography in the Early Parthian Diaries". In Haubold, Johannes; Steele, John; Stevens, Kathryn (eds.).
8004:
905:
714:
22616:
19899:
1340:). The list of kings below uses more concise spellings when possible, primarily based on the renditions of names in date formulae and king lists.
19715:
18154:
1390:). The list of kings below uses Neo-Babylonian and Neo-Assyrian signs, given that those scripts are the signs primarily used in the king lists.
20655:
20376:
20287:
19976:
19691:
19633:
19629:
18401:
18290:
10534:, descendant of Dakkuru'. Nabu-shumu-lishir of the Bit-Dakkuri tribe's claim to reside in a 'palace' was equivalent to claiming to be a king.
14754:(2014). "Seeing Double in Seleucid Babylonia: Rereading the Borsippa Cylinder of Antiochus I". In Moreno, Alfonso; Thomas, Rosalind (eds.).
459:. By not explicitly claiming the royal title, Babylonian rulers thus showed reverence to the city's god. The reign of the Neo-Assyrian king
19933:
19929:
19637:
18301:
4892:
580:
2112–2004 BC), centuries prior to Babylon's foundation. The title was used by kings to connect themselves to the culture and legacy of the
15409:
15254:
1210:
wrote in AD 50 that proximity to Seleucia had turned Babylon into a "barren waste" and during their campaigns in the east, Roman emperors
23342:
20380:
20187:
19758:
19721:
19687:
19262:
19258:
18591:
16345:
486:
is recorded as being used in some inscriptions from before Sennacherib's time, such as in the inscriptions of his father and predecessor
14181:
Materials and Study for Kassite History: Vol. I: A Catalogue of Cuneiform Sources Pertaining to Specific Monarchs of the Kassite Dynasty
10530:, in the traditional Babylonian royal garbs. There is also a contract tablet known that describes a weight being sent to the 'palace of
22986:
19545:
19389:
19254:
19250:
18531:
18147:
17764:
16526:
8546:
20273:
20269:
20183:
19980:
18737:
10512:
Babylon', Shamshi-Adad V took the title 'king of Sumer and Akkad' after his victory in 812 BC and Shamshi-Adad's son and successor,
20384:
19641:
18394:
16401:
15750:
2046:
1061:
The last Achaemenid king whose own royal inscriptions officially used the title 'king of Babylon' was Xerxes I's son and successor
925:(BM 35603) — written at Babylon at some point after 141 BC, recording rulers from the start of Hellenistic rule in Babylonia under
17:
15408:
Waerzeggers, Caroline (2018). "Introduction: Debating Xerxes' Rule in Babylonia". In Waerzeggers, Caroline; Seire, Maarja (eds.).
623:
The king's rule and his role as Marduk's vassal on Earth were reaffirmed annually at this time of year, when the king entered the
614:, was prominently used in the coronation rituals for the kings, who received their crowns "out of the hands" of Marduk during the
15962:
15255:"The titles 'King of Sumer and Akkad' and 'King of Karduniaš', and the Assyro-Babylonian relationship during the Sargonid Period"
18359:
19787:
19541:
19521:
14782:
10701:
Junior ruler who never ruled in his own right, recognised as king of Babylon alongside his senior counterpart in date formulae.
19494:
19203:
14084:
Studies in Middle Assyrian Chronology and its Implications for the History of the Ancient Near East in the 13th Century B.C.E.
10272:
One possible reading of an inscription by Agum II indicates that Abi-Rattash was an ancestor of Agum II's father Urzigurumash.
23496:
23449:
23419:
15422:
4706:('dynasty of the Sealand'). Modern historians call it the second Sealand dynasty in order to distinguish it from Dynasty II.
1139:
Under the Parthian Empire, Babylon was gradually abandoned as a major urban centre and the old Babylonian culture diminished.
18263:
12966:
10840:
Queen consort, and thus not formally a monarch, but recorded together with her husband as ruler in Babylonian date formulae.
10822:
Phraates II's rule in Babylon is last attested on 17 May 128 BC. Hyspaosines is first attested as ruler on 30/31 May 127 BC.
14648:"Never Mind the Bullocks: Taurine Imagery as a Multicultural Expression of Royal and Divine Power Under Seleukos I Nikator"
18215:
23548:
21743:
19238:
19090:
18947:
16092:
15743:
1022:(331–310 BC), and Seleucid (305–141 BC) empires, as well as well into the rule of the Parthian Empire (141 BC – AD 224).
15276:
Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Volume II: Literary and Scholastic Texts of the First Millennium B.C.
2054:
1725–1475 BC, with the individual dates based the lengths of the reigns of the kings, also as given by Beaulieu (2018).
1304:
was the dominant language for use in inscriptions and official documents, with Akkadian eclipsing it under the reign of
23543:
22413:
20092:
15398:
15338:
15284:
15198:
14916:
14811:
14792:
14763:
14659:
14636:
14528:
14470:
14424:
14387:
14368:
14347:
14326:
14305:
14263:
14168:
14106:
14011:
10792:
as their regnal name complicates establishing a chronology of rulers, which mainly has to follow evidence from coinage.
14001:
3045:
Son of Burnaburiash I (?), reunified Babylonia through defeating Ea-gamil, the last king of the first Sealand dynasty
15819:
15481:
15046:
14994:
14491:
14284:
14071:
20759:
14461:. In Gaspa, Salvatore; Greco, Alessandro; Morandi Bonacossi, Daniele; Ponchia, Simonetta; Rollinger, Robert (eds.).
14179:
10498:
in 813 BC. Less than a year later, in 812 BC, Shamshi-Adad deposed Marduk-balassu-iqbi's successor, Baba-aha-iddina.
5179:(though it is preserved only fragmentarily), breaks this dynasty up into a succession of brief, smaller, dynasties.
16483:
1437:
1278:
The list below includes the names of all the kings in Akkadian, as well as how the Akkadian names were rendered in
15140:
10772:
was used as the regnal name by all Parthian kings, making it more similar to an official title, such as the Roman
10648:
Philip III Arrhidaeus died in 317 BC. Certain Babylonian documents continue to recognise him as king until 316 BC.
908:(UKL, IM 65066) — the preserved portion of this king list records rulers from Kandalanu in the Assyrian period to
246:. The city experienced two major periods of ascendancy, when Babylonian kings rose to dominate large parts of the
22407:
14891:
14435:
5937:'Dynasty IX' is used to, broadly speaking, refer to the rulers of Babylonia during the time it was ruled by the
22480:
22027:
21951:
18348:
17785:
16519:
16396:
16380:
15349:
10136:
15208:
Sherwin-White, Susan (1991). "Aspects of Seleucid Royal Ideology: The Cylinder of Antiochus I from Borsippa".
14337:
12830:
6894:), and may also indicate a dynastic change with Neriglissar's accession, but much of the text is fragmentary.
23332:
23312:
22594:
22501:
22486:
22324:
22194:
21995:
21694:
21379:
18763:
16422:
15378:
Veenhof Anniversary Volume: Studies Presented to Klaas R. Veenhof on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday
14855:
8653:
419:'. Use of one of the titles did not mean that the others could not be used simultaneously. For instance, the
14961:"Wie griechisch ist Babylonien in hellenistischer Zeit? Zu den griechischen Sprachzeugnissen aus Babylonien"
1116:
23133:
22942:
22918:
22318:
21298:
16432:
16167:
14213:
1101:
One of the last times the festival is known to have been celebrated was in 188 BC, under the Seleucid king
1229:
AD 219) indicate that at least the temples of Babylon may still have been active in the early 3rd century.
1218:(in AD 199) supposedly found the city destroyed and deserted. Archaeological evidence and the writings of
22555:
21594:
21393:
20940:
20934:
19181:
18537:
17268:
16488:
16370:
16365:
16300:
15976:
15447:
14927:
10363:
dynasty was the accession of Adad-apla-iddina, who is explicitly designated as an usurper in the sources.
380:
Three different attested spellings in Neo-Babylonian Akkadian cuneiform for the title 'king of Babylon' (
15569:
13343:
13015:
6722:
Son of Esarhaddon, designated by his father as heir to Babylon, invested as vassal king by Ashurbanipal
1450:
23182:
23038:
22801:
22492:
22302:
21648:
21310:
21278:
21272:
19479:
17336:
16493:
16102:
6424:
371:
360:
15656:
10780:, than a name. If there was a period of civil war or rivalry, i.e. in times where there were multiple
23533:
23319:
22927:
22813:
22795:
22645:
22307:
22171:
21872:
21687:
20584:
18130:
18073:
17920:
17697:
17019:
16512:
16177:
15992:
10003:
9288:
8934:
8177:
4225:
3029:
1480:
descent. While the king list gives a regnal length of 31 years for the final king, Samsu-Ditana, the
15472:. In Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S.; Hammond, N. G. L.; Sollberger, E.; Walker, C. B. F. (eds.).
14976:
14960:
13528:
13229:
23305:
22950:
22947:
22870:
22840:
22783:
22769:
22175:
21159:
20897:
20314:
20098:
18941:
18194:
18066:
18052:
17866:
17398:
16991:
16132:
15774:
15636:
15469:
15102:
Peat, Jerome (1989). "Cyrus "King of Lands," Cambyses "King of Babylon": The Disputed Co-Regency".
14252:"Increasingly Redundant: The Growing Obsolescence of the Cuneiform Script in Babylonia from 539 BC"
13249:
13167:
13165:
12812:
12810:
12808:
12806:
12804:
9980:
9922:
8966:
1267:
1121:
748:
572:) – refers to rule of southern Mesopotamia as a whole. A title originally used by the kings of the
259:
138:
21152:
22965:
22893:
22867:
22843:
22837:
22822:
22734:
22670:
22635:
22579:
22528:
22101:
20578:
20359:
20104:
19412:
18870:
18242:
18170:
18101:
18010:
17757:
17690:
17161:
16550:
16442:
16375:
16269:
16122:
16040:
16035:
13565:
13563:
13363:
13304:
10099:
9724:
8509:
8221:
6888:, a later document, refers to Nabonidus as the founder and only king of the 'dynasty of Harran' (
5253:
1102:
416:
339:
251:
144:
17376:
14082:
13269:
13162:
12801:
6691:
313:, who reigned from 556 to 539 BC. Nabonidus's rule was ended through Babylon being conquered by
23128:
23118:
22908:
22903:
22898:
22858:
22849:
22792:
22772:
22766:
22760:
22757:
22748:
22676:
22673:
22664:
22564:
22543:
22157:
21931:
21863:
21773:
21517:
21511:
20992:
20447:
20306:
19871:
19652:
19192:
19166:
19126:
18769:
18542:
18328:
18318:
18038:
17913:
17778:
17771:
17743:
17115:
17074:
17006:
16473:
16325:
16084:
10853:, who ruled with him as co-ruler, is not recorded as a monarch in any known Babylonian tablets.
10130:
9856:
9251:
8616:
8579:
8439:
4969:
2566:
The entry for this dynasty's name in BKLa is lost, but other Babylonian sources refer to it as
1319:
Sumerian, for the royal names, though this is anachronistic for rulers before Burnaburiash II.
967:
909:
729:
649:
23439:
19745:
18774:
15428:
14670:
14576:
14399:"Balancing Power and Space: a Spatial Analysis of the Akītu Festival in Babylon after 626 BCE"
13560:
10550:, is not a fully certain reading. According to Brinkman (1968), the full name might have been
23488:
Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History
23409:
23372:
23294:
23171:
22831:
22807:
22763:
22751:
22745:
22742:
22697:
22691:
22667:
22632:
22588:
22576:
22573:
22570:
22558:
22552:
22540:
22534:
22353:
22263:
22260:
22251:
21814:
19891:
17996:
17951:
17887:
17750:
17683:
17420:
17322:
17317:
17298:
16697:
16614:
16142:
15188:
10161:
9658:
9443:
9081:
8476:
8135:
6878:
6310:
6259:
6120:
2034:
1424:
691:
593:
588:
civilizations, as well as to lay claim to the political hegemony achieved during the ancient
480:), which may have contributed to widespread negative reception of him in Babylonia. However,
23486:
23338:
19151:
15177:
5260:
4976:
1368:
470:
705–681 BC) has been noted as a particular break in this tradition, as he assumed the title
22739:
22688:
22597:
22591:
22561:
22163:
22116:
22104:
21928:
21869:
21493:
21387:
21210:
20737:
19885:
19406:
18823:
18204:
17827:
17186:
17166:
17110:
17014:
16967:
16360:
16320:
15799:
14483:
The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts, Volume 1
12615:
12613:
8878:
5476:
5300:
4922:
4178:
3991:
1009:
465–424 BC), the last of the Achaemenid kings to officially use the title 'king of Babylon'
941:
763:
349:
22200:
14728:
13785:
13066:
12611:
12609:
12607:
12605:
12603:
12601:
12599:
12597:
12595:
12593:
12161:
8793:
Rebel satrap (vassal governor) under the Seleucids — captured and briefly ruled Babylonia
5115:
814:
dynasty, and the number of kings the dynasties produced. Written in Neo-Babylonian script.
8:
23244:
23099:
22804:
22754:
22679:
22629:
22582:
22567:
22546:
22245:
22231:
22119:
22052:
21875:
21766:
21708:
21472:
21145:
20985:
20704:
20509:
20326:
20139:
19455:
18666:
18184:
17939:
17792:
17676:
17285:
17250:
17191:
17024:
16932:
16447:
16355:
16330:
16137:
16112:
15716:
9385:
8686:
8094:
7180:
6038:
5938:
5932:
5523:
4272:
3662:
3014:
Unclear succession, earliest Kassite ruler confidently attested as ruling Babylon itself
2088:
1031:
1019:
926:
752:
573:
424:
420:
18139:
14357:
Daryaee, Touraj (2012). "Appendix: Ruling Dynasties of Iran". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.).
4834:
4467:
2933:
262:(or Neo-Babylonian Empire, 626–539 BC). Babylon was ruled by Hammurabi, who created the
23538:
23470:
23284:
23161:
22722:
22661:
22655:
22183:
22147:
22060:
22041:
21937:
21934:
21887:
21853:
21850:
21805:
21496:
21481:
21466:
21142:
21139:
21130:
20889:
20064:
19792:
19065:
18918:
18835:
18638:
17736:
17717:
17652:
17547:
17518:
17138:
17120:
17044:
16972:
16947:
16922:
16437:
16406:
16305:
16152:
16069:
15614:
15556:
15520:
15512:
15315:
15241:
15233:
15127:
15119:
15090:
15033:
15025:
14972:
14947:
14842:
14769:
14739:
14715:
14613:
14563:
14555:
14238:
14230:
14145:
14137:
14050:
14042:
13650:
13136:
13134:
13132:
13103:
13101:
12590:
8402:
8293:
8066:
7369:
7209:
6885:
5176:
5108:
5016:
4460:
4038:
3803:
3568:
2901:
1074:
956:
827:
407:
Throughout the city's long history, various titles were used to designate the ruler of
387:
21940:
17156:
15676:
15190:
Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia
12885:
12883:
12881:
12879:
12877:
12335:
6376:
5205:
4819:
Probably of Kassite descent (Bit-Hashmar clan), usurped the throne from Simbar-Shipak
3716:
3060:
2805:
2700:
1168:
The standard title formula applied to the Parthian kings in Babylonian documents was "
23492:
23445:
23415:
22708:
22682:
22658:
22640:
22440:
22361:
22269:
22138:
22110:
21925:
21893:
21884:
21826:
21823:
21820:
21808:
21796:
21711:
21632:
21484:
21478:
21445:
21439:
21010:
20883:
20747:
20569:
20295:
19894:
19888:
19696:
19664:
19209:
18418:
18374:
18252:
17813:
17799:
17724:
17559:
17503:
17448:
17236:
17221:
17176:
17092:
17054:
17039:
16952:
16942:
16887:
16877:
16427:
16284:
16279:
16264:
16199:
16117:
16074:
15794:
15789:
15618:
15560:
15536:
15524:
15477:
15453:
15418:
15394:
15334:
15280:
15245:
15225:
15194:
15131:
15094:
15055:
15037:
14990:
14951:
14912:
14861:
14807:
14788:
14773:
14759:
14719:
14695:
14655:
14632:
14602:"The Time of Death of Alexander the Great: 11 June 323 B.C. (–322), ca. 4:00–5:00 PM"
14567:
14524:
14487:
14466:
14420:
14383:
14364:
14343:
14322:
14301:
14280:
14259:
14242:
14199:
14164:
14149:
14102:
14067:
14054:
14007:
13383:
12899:
12875:
12873:
12871:
12869:
12867:
12865:
12863:
12861:
12859:
12857:
10336:
8804:
8719:
8334:
7465:
7213:
6964:
5866:
5756:
5382:
4827:
4554:
4413:
3850:
3756:
3239:
3176:
1481:
1324:
1301:
1215:
1078:
1015:
999:
990:
843:
1081–1069 BC), it is possible that it was written during the reign of his successor,
533:
391:
318:
263:
247:
211:
20872:
15696:
13213:
13197:
13129:
13098:
12695:
6759:
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — retook Babylon after rebellion by Šamaš-šuma-ukin
515:. These titles would also be used interchangeably by the later Neo-Babylonian kings.
23368:
23280:
23226:
23157:
23144:
23123:
23088:
22937:
22725:
22694:
22549:
22525:
22293:
22290:
22284:
22239:
22132:
22113:
22107:
22063:
22046:
21890:
21881:
21878:
21802:
21799:
21637:
21522:
21109:
20199:
20133:
20121:
19814:
19361:
18651:
17708:
17435:
17211:
17181:
17171:
17049:
17034:
17029:
16892:
16340:
16335:
16239:
16234:
16229:
16219:
16214:
16204:
16020:
15877:
15862:
15846:
15841:
15836:
15814:
15606:
15581:
15548:
15532:
15504:
15307:
15217:
15111:
15082:
15017:
14939:
14834:
14743:
14707:
14682:
14588:
14547:
14502:
14222:
14129:
14034:
12715:
12025:
12023:
12021:
12019:
8261:
7511:
7415:
6874:
6801:
5946:
5928:
5668:
5429:
5341:
5307:
4507:
4366:
4319:
4185:
3286:
892:
844:
709:
611:
18386:
12854:
10156:
The star of Shamash was often used as a standard in southern Mesopotamia from the
6162:
Chaldean chief of the Bit-Yakin tribe, proclaimed king upon Shalmaneser V's death
5530:
4279:
3669:
23289:
23275:
23250:
23203:
23166:
23152:
22976:
22825:
22778:
22685:
22650:
22522:
22517:
22445:
22419:
22275:
22150:
22144:
22129:
22122:
22076:
22066:
21899:
21844:
21838:
21835:
21781:
21729:
21565:
21499:
21487:
21475:
21463:
21448:
21427:
21346:
21250:
21247:
21221:
21136:
21115:
21103:
21070:
21064:
21034:
20956:
20766:
20118:
20073:
20027:
20021:
20011:
19801:
18901:
18879:
18646:
17857:
17842:
17820:
17624:
17527:
17348:
17279:
17231:
17206:
17196:
17130:
17064:
16977:
16957:
16917:
16859:
16790:
16741:
16629:
16274:
16249:
16244:
16224:
16172:
16162:
16157:
16147:
16127:
16097:
16049:
16045:
16015:
15328:
14650:. In Iossif, Panagiotis P.; Chankowski, Andrzej S.; Lorber, Catharine C. (eds.).
14626:
14518:
14481:
14414:
14358:
14316:
14295:
14274:
14193:
14158:
14096:
13874:
10850:
10513:
10157:
8918:
8845:
8265:
7241:
6698:
6525:
6431:
6321:
6131:
5989:
5942:
5924:
5832:
5636:
5564:
5348:
5069:
5023:
4648:
4232:
4148:
4085:
4045:
3998:
3897:
3521:
3053:
2561:
2320:
1297:
1283:
1235:
1207:
1125:
952:
937:
743:
597:
589:
314:
302:
23328:
18566:
14256:
The Disappearance of Writing Systems. Perspectives on Literacy and Communication
12016:
10614:. After 646 BC, tablets in Babylonia are exclusively dated to Kandalanu's reign.
9070:
Mother and regent for Phraates II, who was a minor at the time of his accession
5763:
4561:
4420:
3857:
3763:
23187:
22731:
22624:
22513:
22466:
22427:
22370:
22272:
22208:
22126:
22085:
22079:
22069:
22057:
21841:
21829:
21817:
21737:
21626:
21580:
21490:
21460:
21424:
21288:
21133:
21112:
21106:
21097:
21049:
21019:
21001:
20976:
20964:
20876:
20733:
20604:
20455:
20317:
20311:
20214:
20206:
20142:
20115:
20079:
19912:
19679:
19676:
19577:
18985:
18750:
18656:
18633:
18525:
17667:
17617:
17463:
17343:
17201:
16962:
16937:
16912:
16849:
16841:
16821:
16254:
15465:
15296:"The Antiochus Cylinder, Babylonian Scholarship and Seleucid Imperial Ideology"
15160:
14943:
14751:
14211:
Brinkman, J. A. (1973). "Sennacherib's Babylonian Problem: An Interpretation".
13828:
13826:
13824:
13769:
13686:
13471:
13469:
10904:, like their predecessors, no cuneiform records are known from beyond AD 79/80.
10773:
10508:
10495:
10440:
8062:
7905:
7097:
6807:
6474:
5675:
5604:
5436:
5055:
Possibly of Kassite descent (Bit-Bazi clan), brother of Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
4514:
4373:
3944:
3709:
3474:
2975:
2926:
2798:
2300:
243:
15585:
15311:
14406:
Research Master's Thesis for Classical and Ancient Civilizations (Assyriology)
14141:
14117:
13723:
13721:
13490:
13488:
13329:
13327:
12382:
12380:
12378:
12376:
12374:
12372:
12370:
12181:
11957:
11955:
6532:
6044:
5996:
5874:
5839:
5643:
5571:
5389:
5213:
4929:
4655:
4092:
3904:
3810:
3575:
3528:
3246:
3183:
2327:
1135:
AD 79/80–81), the last known ruler who is attested as king in Babylonian texts
56:
23527:
23482:
23405:
23390:
23262:
23194:
23074:
22719:
22716:
22469:
22463:
22423:
22379:
22287:
22248:
22082:
22021:
21922:
21919:
21847:
21832:
21793:
21790:
21733:
21672:
21554:
21260:
21253:
21230:
21124:
21118:
21082:
21004:
20960:
20917:
20709:
20607:
20601:
20559:
20458:
20261:
20223:
19996:
19882:
19796:
19606:
19557:
19312:
19296:
18989:
18915:
18876:
18850:
18844:
18805:
18746:
18717:
18442:
18232:
17610:
17571:
17405:
17292:
17087:
17082:
16808:
16756:
16746:
16710:
16054:
15902:
15809:
15229:
11953:
11951:
11949:
11947:
11945:
11943:
11941:
11939:
11937:
11935:
10507:
After Baba-aha-iddina was taken to Assyria as a captive by the Assyrian king
7938:
7865:
7606:
7472:
7376:
7104:
6971:
6834:
6481:
6082:
5611:
4780:
4733:
4326:
2693:
2461:
2367:
2122:
1355:
1190:
411:
and its kingdom, the most common titles being 'viceroy of Babylon', 'king of
128:
20344:
14928:"Ein Beitrag zu keilschriftlichen Königstitulaturen in hellenistischer Zeit"
14592:
13858:
13821:
13805:
13753:
13737:
13702:
13615:
13466:
12221:
9948:
Rival king of the Parthian Empire (against Pacorus II) — son of Vologases I
9281:
King of the Parthian Empire — brother of Mithridates I, conquered Babylonia
7613:
6840:
6266:
5483:
4787:
4740:
3481:
3120:
2468:
2374:
2129:
1163:
and cuneiform tablets continued to recognise the rule of the Parthian kings.
527:) – refers to rule of southern Mesopotamia as a whole. 'Karduniash' was the
23435:
23232:
23110:
23044:
22962:
22953:
22884:
22810:
22713:
22457:
22358:
22281:
22135:
22091:
21971:
21896:
21856:
21787:
21784:
21778:
21717:
21669:
21657:
21571:
21548:
21541:
21457:
21451:
21421:
21233:
21205:
21187:
21178:
21127:
20920:
20914:
20908:
20813:
20783:
20589:
20501:
20398:
20335:
20283:
20112:
19837:
19772:
19762:
19673:
19624:
19509:
19489:
19485:
19270:
19134:
18994:
18974:
18927:
18886:
18673:
18628:
18477:
18462:
18094:
18080:
17958:
17582:
17576:
17443:
17384:
17368:
17216:
17148:
17102:
17059:
16907:
16897:
16836:
16826:
16718:
16687:
16657:
16059:
15872:
15804:
15457:
15059:
14686:
14064:
Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary
13941:
13718:
13485:
13324:
12469:
12467:
12465:
12463:
12461:
12459:
12457:
12455:
12367:
11992:
10898:
Although the late Parthian kings would presumably have been referred to as
10572:
Beaulieu (2018) writes that Eriba-Marduk's ninth and last year as king was
10439:
Shamash-mudammiq is described as having been defeated by the Assyrian king
10076:
10028:
9476:
9358:
7736:
7656:
7649:
6928:
6921:
6739:
6729:
6655:
6645:
5716:
5709:
4601:
3427:
3333:
3293:
2982:
2894:
2869:
2837:
2830:
2178:
2171:
1988:
1981:
1706:
1699:
1484:
at Babylon is dated to his 26th year and no later sources have been found.
1305:
1062:
995:
677:
632:
continue to enjoy divine support for his rule, returning the royal regalia.
585:
15552:
15361:"The Astronomical Diaries as a source for Achaemenid and Seleucid History"
15086:
14865:
13973:
13927:
13925:
13890:
13636:
13634:
13599:
13583:
12652:
12650:
12648:
12646:
12644:
12642:
12640:
12638:
12636:
12453:
12451:
12449:
12447:
12445:
12443:
12441:
12439:
12437:
12435:
12294:
12292:
12290:
12288:
12286:
12284:
12282:
12280:
12278:
12276:
12123:
12121:
12119:
12117:
12115:
12113:
12111:
12109:
12107:
12105:
12103:
12101:
12099:
12097:
12095:
12093:
12091:
12089:
12087:
11932:
9212:
7061:
7014:
6573:
6227:
6179:
6088:
3951:
3622:
3340:
2773:
1941:
1894:
1800:
1152:
overshadowed the ancient city and became the seats of power in the region.
412:
23247:
23238:
23093:
23047:
23032:
23023:
23017:
22959:
22861:
22819:
22789:
22786:
22728:
22585:
22537:
22448:
22367:
22364:
22347:
22257:
22072:
22015:
22012:
22009:
21984:
21974:
21962:
21811:
21752:
21705:
21681:
21675:
21666:
21660:
21605:
21568:
21551:
21535:
21469:
21454:
21442:
21430:
21401:
21368:
21365:
21227:
21202:
21199:
21193:
21100:
21061:
21058:
21046:
21031:
21028:
21016:
20923:
20911:
20902:
20851:
20845:
20795:
20792:
20780:
20777:
20713:
20690:
20673:
20659:
20650:
20420:
20349:
20339:
20191:
20176:
20170:
20154:
20151:
20054:
20033:
19943:
19906:
19829:
19670:
19460:
19385:
19380:
19373:
19343:
19329:
19292:
19142:
19051:
18966:
18936:
18922:
18691:
18677:
18622:
18557:
18487:
18457:
18087:
18024:
17982:
17906:
17894:
17873:
17534:
17458:
17453:
17354:
17311:
16927:
16902:
16882:
16854:
16816:
16705:
16682:
16677:
16667:
16478:
16468:
16259:
16191:
16064:
15952:
15766:
14711:
14652:
More Than Men, Less Than Gods: Studies on Royal Cult and Imperial Worship
14463:
From Source to History: Studies on Ancient Near Eastern Worlds and Beyond
13842:
12940:
12938:
12085:
12083:
12081:
12079:
12077:
12075:
12073:
12071:
12069:
12067:
11876:
11657:
10052:
9790:
9592:
9206:
9126:
8999:
7944:
7911:
7871:
7742:
7404:
Babylonian rebel of the Zazakku family, claimed to be a son of Nabonidus
7282:
7054:
7007:
6774:
6610:
6563:
6217:
5804:
3615:
3387:
3380:
3207:
3152:
3022:
2766:
2081:
1934:
1887:
1793:
1565:
1219:
460:
227:
20413:
15537:"Seleucid Coinage in 175–166 BCE and the Historicity of Daniel 11:21–24"
15319:
15295:
14617:
14601:
14315:
Dąbrowa, Edward (2012). "The Arsacid Empire". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.).
11874:
11872:
11870:
11868:
11866:
11864:
11862:
11860:
11858:
11856:
10862:
The latest known datable Akkadian cuneiform tablet is W22340a, found at
9087:
8884:
8851:
8814:
8729:
8692:
8659:
8622:
8552:
8515:
8408:
8340:
8227:
8184:
8100:
7151:
6412:
Babylonian vassal king of the Rab-bānî family, appointed by Sennacherib
4608:
3434:
3214:
2421:
2271:
2240:
1847:
1753:
1518:
1411:
23256:
23253:
23235:
23212:
23197:
23191:
23071:
23068:
23026:
23014:
23008:
22993:
22864:
22855:
22852:
22846:
22828:
22798:
22606:
22531:
22472:
22338:
22278:
22141:
22035:
22006:
22003:
22000:
21988:
21980:
21968:
21956:
21702:
21678:
21663:
21599:
21561:
21538:
21532:
21436:
21175:
21007:
20905:
20864:
20854:
20848:
20810:
20807:
20804:
20798:
20786:
20774:
20771:
20741:
20687:
20684:
20497:
20476:
20452:
20428:
20257:
20148:
20145:
20136:
20127:
20046:
19937:
19823:
19778:
19766:
19610:
19448:
19444:
19393:
19214:
19122:
19048:
19044:
18788:
18661:
18611:
18605:
18280:
18045:
18031:
18017:
17989:
17927:
17637:
17361:
17226:
16872:
16642:
16010:
16005:
15610:
15516:
15492:
15123:
14559:
14234:
14203:
14046:
13957:
13922:
13670:
13631:
12633:
12432:
12273:
9889:
9823:
9757:
9625:
9321:
8585:
8482:
8445:
8375:
8299:
8018:
7500:
Babylonian rebel of Armenian descent, claimed to be a son of Nabonidus
7288:
7184:
6604:
5797:
3145:
2515:
2209:
1659:
1558:
1157:
Babylon was still important in the first century or so of Parthian rule
875:
550:
21407:
15735:
15387:"Babylonian Kingship in the Persian Period: Performance and Reception"
15237:
15029:
15005:
14846:
14822:
12935:
12064:
10732:
No known cuneiform tablets record Timarchus's brief rule in Babylonia.
10292:
name was Agum, but this reading has been abandoned by modern scholars.
9928:
9895:
9862:
9829:
9796:
9763:
9730:
9697:
9664:
9631:
9598:
9565:
9482:
9449:
9391:
9327:
9294:
9257:
9136:
9115:
King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Demetrius I, conquered Babylonia
9009:
8972:
7983:
7329:
2606:
1113:
persisted to exist in certain domains and areas until the 2nd c. AD".
600:, who conquered Babylon and ruled Babylonia until his death in 530 BC.
23265:
23208:
23065:
23035:
23029:
23020:
23005:
22999:
22981:
22956:
22834:
22816:
22603:
22600:
22460:
22387:
22373:
22344:
22332:
22254:
22225:
21965:
21959:
21724:
21654:
21611:
21608:
21557:
21340:
21257:
21243:
21240:
21196:
21190:
21172:
21094:
21085:
21055:
21052:
21043:
21025:
21022:
20860:
20857:
20721:
20717:
20693:
20641:
20628:
20598:
20493:
20489:
20367:
20227:
19964:
19959:
19955:
19924:
19841:
19818:
19782:
19667:
19590:
19513:
19505:
19472:
19369:
19353:
19325:
19288:
19157:
19115:
18932:
18811:
18697:
18003:
17975:
17806:
17630:
17603:
17596:
17589:
17468:
17391:
17304:
16751:
16733:
16728:
16672:
16662:
16637:
16315:
16000:
15887:
15824:
14538:
Goetze, Albrecht (1964). "The Kassites and near Eastern Chronology".
14118:"The Reigns of the Seleucid Kings According to the Babylon King List"
13906:
12919:
11853:
10462:
Beaulieu (2018) states that Nabu-apla-iddina's 31st year as king was
9691:
9559:
9237:
9171:
8769:
8141:
8024:
7976:
7827:
7821:
7798:
7774:
7705:
7566:
7521:
7425:
7144:
6767:
6173:
4452:
Son of Ninurta-nadin-shumi, usurped the throne from Enlil-nadin-apli
2414:
2264:
2233:
1840:
1746:
1612:
1511:
1279:
1149:
867:
803:
786:
718:
487:
434:
729–727 BC in Babylon), used all three of the aforementioned titles.
322:
310:
235:
132:
122:
112:
85:
15594:
15508:
15386:
15115:
14551:
14251:
14226:
14038:
14022:
11369:
7247:
7179:
Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II (?), usurped the throne, co-rulers:
23215:
23041:
23002:
22996:
22873:
22454:
22451:
22396:
22393:
22335:
22266:
22216:
22179:
22032:
21574:
21433:
21415:
21398:
21336:
21263:
21237:
21184:
21166:
21076:
20951:
20842:
20833:
20821:
20789:
20753:
20729:
20679:
20647:
20623:
20595:
20565:
20553:
20546:
20532:
20526:
20461:
20371:
20353:
20265:
20243:
20239:
20124:
20050:
19879:
19833:
19810:
19805:
19736:
19731:
19700:
19517:
19441:
19437:
19430:
19308:
19229:
19074:
18906:
18896:
18891:
18882:
18818:
18801:
18572:
18519:
18059:
17565:
17553:
17328:
16864:
16775:
16761:
16723:
16652:
16504:
16452:
16107:
16030:
16025:
15932:
15917:
15912:
15867:
15376:
Van Der Spek, R. J. (2001). "The Theatre of Babylon in Cuneiform".
15221:
15069:
15021:
14838:
14647:
14458:
14133:
11608:
11606:
11604:
10607:
9956:
9240:— captured Babylon in the wake of Antiochus VII Sidetes's campaign
9195:
Unclear identity, associated with Phraates II – probably his queen
9046:
8206:
7695:
7556:
6369:
3092:
3085:
2653:
2508:
2202:
1652:
1477:
1145:
1045:
659:, simply 'dynasty of Babylon') in Neo-Babylonian Akkadian cuneiform
528:
294:
282:
274:
270:
23444:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
22433:
15360:
14874:
9411:
King of the Parthian Empire — son of Mithridates II or Gotarzes I
23268:
23096:
23077:
23062:
23056:
23050:
22384:
22329:
22222:
22219:
22167:
22018:
21760:
21699:
21620:
21614:
21355:
21349:
21121:
21091:
20946:
20836:
20801:
20592:
20535:
20436:
20405:
20109:
19658:
19601:
19530:
19425:
19417:
19282:
19217:
19024:
19021:
19006:
19002:
18814:
18808:
18792:
18670:
17541:
16831:
16798:
16209:
15937:
15927:
15892:
15882:
14987:
The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion
13150:
10193:
7858:
King of the Achaemenid Empire — illegitimate son of Artaxerxes I
7814:
King of the Achaemenid Empire — illegitimate son of Artaxerxes I
7323:
6210:
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — son of Tiglath-Pileser III (?)
4895:, or from descent from Bazi, the legendary founder of that city.
2862:
2599:
628:
624:
408:
290:
286:
231:
62:
20521:
17490:
15141:"The Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet"
14696:"Almanac W22340a From Uruk: The Latest Datable Cuneiform Tablet"
11623:
11621:
11601:
9882:
King of the Parthian Empire — son of Vonones II or Artabanus II
5008:
Possibly of Kassite descent (Bit-Bazi clan), unclear succession
4961:
Possibly of Kassite descent (Bit-Bazi clan), unclear succession
1206:
When exactly Babylon was abandoned is unclear. The Roman author
23059:
23053:
23011:
22922:
22390:
22341:
21916:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
21714:
21617:
21602:
21586:
21331:
21316:
21181:
21088:
21079:
21013:
20970:
20839:
20830:
20827:
20824:
20725:
20697:
20638:
20529:
20424:
20251:
20130:
20042:
20030:
19661:
19618:
19583:
19564:
19536:
19433:
19365:
19303:
19246:
19198:
19107:
19078:
19034:
19031:
18981:
18911:
18829:
18782:
18732:
18707:
18702:
18681:
18498:
18472:
18447:
16803:
16647:
15957:
15907:
15829:
14187:. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
13294:
13292:
12515:
12513:
11142:
11140:
11138:
11136:
10611:
10189:
10185:
7357:
King of the Achaemenid Empire — son of Cyrus II or an impostor
2646:
1605:
1211:
456:
298:
75:
20516:
20068:
19740:
19338:
19333:
19161:
19146:
15165:
ISIMU: Revista sobre Oriente Próximo y Egipto en la antigüedad
13005:
13003:
13001:
12999:
12997:
12995:
12993:
11516:
11514:
11448:
11414:
11412:
11410:
11408:
10466:
855 BC. Chen (2020) ascribes Nabu-apla-iddina a 33-year reign.
9469:
King of the Parthian Empire — son or brother of Mithridates I
7194:
1088:
281–261 BC) calls himself, and his father Seleucus I Nicator (
23259:
23241:
21756:
21362:
21343:
20409:
20320:
20291:
20218:
19950:
19614:
19501:
19420:
19348:
19225:
19221:
19103:
19041:
19037:
18998:
18785:
18727:
18722:
18712:
18685:
18467:
17880:
16310:
15947:
15942:
15922:
15574:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
14932:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
14700:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
14628:
Keeping Watch in Babylon: The Astronomical Diaries in Context
14380:
The Inscriptions of Nabopolassar, Amel-Marduk and Neriglissar
14195:
A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia: 1158–722 B. C.
11770:
11768:
11729:
11618:
9040:
8871:
King of the Seleucid Empire — supposedly son of Antiochus IV
7453:
King of the Achaemenid Empire — distant relative of Cyrus II
6827:
Usurper in the Neo-Assyrian Empire — recognised in Babylonia
6108:
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — son of Tiglath-Pileser III
6027:
Chaldean chief of the Bit-Amukkani tribe, usurped the throne
618:, symbolizing them being bestowed with kingship by the deity.
615:
581:
239:
20633:
19595:
13454:
13399:
13289:
13185:
13117:
13054:
12510:
12261:
12249:
11133:
5789:
Chaldean chief of the Bit-Dakkuri tribe, unclear succession
951:
145–141 BC in Babylon) and the conquest of Babylonia by the
22213:
21977:
21904:
21748:
21504:
20615:
20470:
20392:
20233:
20161:
19990:
19876:
19707:
19682:
19570:
19551:
19320:
19278:
19233:
19173:
19111:
19058:
19027:
18956:
18856:
18798:
18795:
18742:
18586:
18578:
18548:
18508:
18492:
18482:
18452:
15897:
14276:
Introduction to the Old Testament: A Liberation Perspective
13423:
13411:
12990:
12777:
12755:
12753:
12488:
12486:
12004:
11541:
11511:
11405:
11381:
11357:
11345:
10863:
6462:
Son of Sennacherib, appointed as vassal king by his father
5148:
4144:
1253:
985:
278:
13444:
13442:
13440:
13438:
12544:
12542:
12540:
12420:
12313:
12311:
12054:
12052:
12050:
12048:
12046:
11922:
11920:
11895:
11893:
11810:
11808:
11806:
11804:
11765:
11753:
11741:
11705:
11393:
11070:
10480:
Chen (2020) ascribes Marduk-zakir-shumi I a 27-year reign.
9849:
King of the Parthian Empire — grandson of Phraates IV (?)
9750:
King of the Parthian Empire — grandson of Phraates IV (?)
8048:
King of the Achaemenid Empire — grandson of Artaxerxes II
5748:
Chaldean chief of the Bit-Yakin tribe, unclear succession
20210:
18169:
15595:"Going Native: Šamaš-šuma-ukīn, Assyrian King of Babylon"
15330:
Hezekiah and the Compositional History of the Book of Kin
14756:
Patterns of the Past: Epitēdeumata in the Greek Tradition
14279:(Revised and Expanded ed.). Maryknoll: Orbis Books.
12740:
12738:
12578:
11841:
11791:
11789:
11787:
11785:
11783:
11215:
11213:
11211:
11209:
11207:
11205:
11203:
10982:
10980:
10978:
10622:
10620:
10331:
10329:
10327:
10139:– for other dynasties and kingdoms in ancient Mesopotamia
8912:
8572:
Joint-king of the Seleucid Empire — son of Antiochus III
6357:
Chaldean chief of the Bit-Yakin tribe, retook the throne
5701:
Chaldean chief of an uncertain tribe, unclear succession
2028:
497:
710–705 BC in Babylon), who used it interchangeably with
23379:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
13548:
13516:
12765:
12750:
12685:
12683:
12681:
12554:
12525:
12498:
12483:
12408:
12396:
12355:
12323:
11489:
11487:
11436:
11019:
10917:
4695:
19847:
18503:
14965:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
13504:
13435:
12666:
12566:
12537:
12308:
12237:
12209:
12197:
12149:
12043:
11982:
11980:
11978:
11976:
11974:
11917:
11890:
11801:
11645:
11254:
11252:
11060:
11058:
10965:
10963:
8679:
Joint-king of the Seleucid Empire — son of Seleucus IV
8395:
Joint-king of the Seleucid Empire — son of Antiochus I
4885:('dynasty of Baz') and the Dynastic Chronicle calls it
23358:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
15154:. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
14894:
14875:"Blood and Money: On the loyalty of the Seleucid Army"
14437:
12954:
12789:
12735:
12137:
11820:
11780:
11633:
11577:
11565:
11531:
11529:
11499:
11472:
11311:
11309:
11307:
11200:
11152:
11009:
11007:
10992:
10975:
10938:
10936:
10934:
10932:
10899:
10867:
10761:
10617:
10551:
10545:
10422:
10416:
10410:
10404:
10398:
10392:
10386:
10380:
10374:
10324:
10239:
10209:
9934:
9901:
9868:
9835:
9802:
9769:
9736:
9703:
9670:
9637:
9604:
9571:
9538:
9513:
9488:
9455:
9422:
9397:
9364:
9333:
9300:
9263:
9218:
9177:
9142:
9093:
9052:
9015:
8978:
8890:
8857:
8820:
8735:
8698:
8665:
8628:
8591:
8558:
8521:
8488:
8451:
8414:
8381:
8346:
8305:
8255:
8233:
8190:
8147:
8106:
8030:
7989:
7964:
King of the Achaemenid Empire — son of Artaxerxes III
7950:
7917:
7877:
7833:
7748:
7711:
7662:
7619:
7572:
7527:
7478:
7431:
7382:
7335:
7294:
7253:
7203:
7157:
7110:
7067:
7020:
6977:
6934:
6889:
6860:
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — son of Ashurbanipal
6846:
6813:
6780:
6745:
6704:
6661:
6616:
6579:
6538:
6501:
6487:
6451:
6437:
6396:
6382:
6341:
6327:
6287:
6272:
6233:
6199:
6185:
6151:
6137:
6094:
6064:
6050:
6016:
6002:
5973:
5950:
5880:
5845:
5810:
5769:
5722:
5681:
5649:
5617:
5577:
5536:
5489:
5442:
5395:
5354:
5313:
5266:
5219:
5165:
5121:
5076:
5029:
4982:
4935:
4886:
4880:
4866:
Probably of Kassite descent, son of Simbar-shipak (?)
4840:
4793:
4746:
4701:
4661:
4614:
4567:
4520:
4473:
4426:
4379:
4332:
4285:
4238:
4191:
4138:
4132:
4098:
4051:
4004:
3957:
3910:
3863:
3816:
3769:
3722:
3675:
3628:
3581:
3534:
3487:
3440:
3393:
3346:
3299:
3252:
3220:
3189:
3158:
3126:
3098:
3066:
3035:
2988:
2939:
2907:
2875:
2843:
2811:
2779:
2706:
2659:
2612:
2567:
2555:
2521:
2474:
2427:
2380:
2333:
2277:
2246:
2215:
2184:
2135:
2094:
2040:
1994:
1947:
1900:
1853:
1806:
1759:
1712:
1665:
1618:
1571:
1524:
1471:
1470:
Per BKLb, the native name for this dynasty was simply
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1385:
1373:
1360:
1335:
1257:
1184:
1174:
1169:
671:
665:
654:
567:
522:
510:
504:
503:. Though Sennacherib's successors would primarily use
498:
481:
475:
450:
381:
221:
215:
46:
40:
20879:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
13044:
13042:
12678:
11717:
11484:
11460:
11082:
11031:
10866:
and dated to AD 79/80. The tablet preserves the word
10494:
Marduk-balassu-iqbi was deposed by the Assyrian king
10044:
King of the Parthian Empire — grandson of Pacorus II
9684:
King of the Parthian Empire — son of Phraates IV (?)
7931:
King of the Achaemenid Empire — son of Artaxerxes II
6638:
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — son of Sennacherib
6517:
Babylonian rebel of the Gaḫal kin family, rebel king
1256:
and dated to AD 79/80. The tablet preserves the word
19947:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
15389:. In Stökl, Jonathan; Waerzeggers, Caroline (eds.).
15176:
Schippmann, K. (1986). "Artabanus (Arsacid kings)".
15161:"The Trials of Esarhaddon: The Conspiracy of 670 BC"
11971:
11905:
11693:
11669:
11589:
11294:
11292:
11290:
11288:
11275:
11273:
11271:
11269:
11267:
11249:
11225:
11188:
11123:
11121:
11094:
11055:
11043:
10960:
10458:
10456:
10454:
10452:
9347:
King of the Parthian Empire — son of Mithridates II
9160:
King of the Parthian Empire — reconquered Babylonia
8838:
King of the Seleucid Empire — reconquered Babylonia
7790:
King of the Achaemenid Empire — son of Artaxerxes I
7089:
Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II, usurped the throne
6683:
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — son of Esarhaddon
6552:
Chaldean chief of the Bit-Dakkuri tribe, rebel king
6075:
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — conquered Babylon
5918:
5063:
1465:
509:, there are likewise examples of them instead using
192:
Election by the Babylonian priesthood or aristocracy
18416:
14520:
Judaea and Mediterranean Politics: 219 to 161 B.C.E
11681:
11553:
11526:
11424:
11333:
11304:
11237:
11176:
11106:
11004:
10948:
10929:
10787:
10781:
10774:
10767:
10755:
10635:
10633:
9033:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Mithridates I
8646:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Antiochus III
8609:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Antiochus III
8056:
6868:
6298:Babylonian rebel of the Arad-Ea family, rebel king
6247:King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — son of Sargon II
19750:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
15493:"A Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Period"
15068:
15045:Parker, Richard A.; Dubberstein, Waldo H. (1942).
13086:
13039:
10810:Name incompletely preserved (middle sign missing).
10709:
10707:
10068:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Vologases IV
9816:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Artabanus II
9783:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Artabanus II
9585:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Phraates III
8992:King of the Parthian Empire — conquered Babylonia
8712:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Antiochus IV
8469:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Antiochus II
8128:King of Macedon — conquered the Achaemenid Empire
7275:King of the Achaemenid Empire — conquered Babylon
891:1880–1845 BC). The latest known portion ends with
15044:
14254:. In Baines, J.; Bennet, J.; Houston, S. (eds.).
12984:
12893:
12844:
12824:
11321:
11285:
11264:
11164:
11118:
10894:
10892:
10890:
10888:
10886:
10884:
10882:
10836:
10834:
10832:
10830:
10828:
10449:
10116:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Vologases V
10092:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Vologases V
9915:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Vologases I
9717:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Phraates IV
9651:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Phraates IV
9314:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Artabanus I
8904:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Demetrius I
8757:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Seleucus IV
8539:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Seleucus II
8502:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Seleucus II
8432:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Antiochus I
7898:King of the Achaemenid Empire — son of Darius II
6597:King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire — retook Babylon
4874:
1144:The nearby and newer imperial capitals cities of
23525:
15351:The Chronology of Ancient Western Asia and Egypt
14909:Political Memory in and After the Persian Empire
14503:"Babylonian and Assyrian: A history of Akkadian"
14436:"After Ta'yinat: The New Status of Esarhaddon's
10630:
10335:Kashtiliash IV was deposed by the Assyrian king
9996:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Pacorus II
9972:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Pacorus II
9502:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Sinatruces
8364:King of the Seleucid Empire — son of Seleucus I
7766:King of the Achaemenid Empire — son of Xerxes I
7594:King of the Achaemenid Empire — son of Darius I
7316:King of the Achaemenid Empire — son of Cyrus II
4772:Probably of Kassite descent, unclear succession
390:, the other two follow building inscriptions by
14297:Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur
14160:The First Dynasty of the Sealand in Mesopotamia
10704:
9618:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Orodes II
7729:King of the Achaemenid Empire — retook Babylon
7549:King of the Achaemenid Empire — retook Babylon
5159:
2045:('dynasty of Urukug'). Presumably, the city of
1384:signs used, of the name Antiochus in Akkadian (
14823:"The Genesis of the Faulty Persian Chronology"
10879:
10825:
10687:
10685:
10683:
10599:
10589:
10020:King of the Parthian Empire — son of Osroes I
5164:Per BKLa, the native name of this dynasty was
4700:Per BKLa, the native name of this dynasty was
4137:Per BKLa, the native name of this dynasty was
1375:Na - bi - um - ku - du - ur - ri - u - ṣu - ur
923:Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Period
749:Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Period
18402:
18155:
16520:
15751:
15207:
14693:
14090:(PhD thesis). Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
11612:
11454:
5598:Babylonian interregnum (at least four years)
4143:('dynasty of Isin'). Presumably, the city of
1096:still being recorded as a contemporary event.
23393:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
23367:
20871:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
19464:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
17492:Babylon under foreign rule (539 BC – AD 224)
15490:
15476:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
15445:
15411:Xerxes and Babylonia: The Cuneiform Evidence
15375:
15358:
15347:
15006:"Cuneiform Texts and Hellenistic Chronology"
14784:Royal Events: Rituals, Innovations, Meanings
14339:A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire
14027:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
13393:
13373:
13357:
13314:
13279:
13259:
13239:
13223:
13207:
13191:
13175:
13144:
13123:
13111:
13076:
13060:
13025:
12976:
11774:
11759:
11735:
11711:
11547:
11520:
11399:
11387:
11375:
11363:
11351:
11076:
10435:
10433:
3137:Unclear succession, co-ruler with Agum III?
2039:Both BKLa and BKLb refer to this dynasty as
1077:, a clay cylinder containing a text wherein
23403:
22620:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
16346:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
15567:
15407:
15384:
15272:
13880:
13864:
13832:
13811:
13791:
13775:
13759:
13743:
13727:
13708:
13692:
13676:
13656:
13640:
13621:
13605:
13569:
13534:
13494:
13475:
13460:
13389:
13369:
13349:
13310:
13275:
13255:
13235:
13219:
13203:
13171:
13156:
13140:
13107:
13072:
13021:
13009:
12972:
12783:
11747:
11442:
11418:
10695:
10680:
8165:King of Macedon — brother of Alexander III
8003:Babylonian rebel (?), attested only in the
7195:Babylon under foreign rule, 539 BC – AD 224
1349:Elaborate spelling (building inscriptions)
18409:
18395:
18162:
18148:
16527:
16513:
15758:
15744:
15654:
15279:New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
15175:
15171:. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid: 165–183.
14853:
14780:
14412:
14061:
13983:
13967:
13935:
13900:
13884:
13868:
13836:
13815:
13795:
13779:
13763:
13747:
13712:
13696:
13664:
13625:
13479:
12948:
11627:
11158:
10986:
10923:
9211:
9170:
9045:
6375:
6265:
5674:
5642:
5610:
5482:
5347:
5306:
5259:
5212:
5114:
4975:
4928:
4833:
4654:
4607:
4560:
4513:
4466:
4372:
4278:
4231:
4184:
3903:
3856:
3809:
3762:
3715:
3621:
3574:
3527:
3245:
3182:
3119:
3059:
3028:
2932:
2900:
2804:
2699:
2299:
2087:
1402:Antiochus cylinder (Neo-Babylonian signs)
23320:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
19916:"King of the four quarters of the world"
15714:
15694:
15674:
15634:
15193:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15066:
14899:Documents of the Middle Babylonian Period
14397:Deloucas, Andrew Alberto Nicolas (2016).
14335:
13951:
12960:
12929:
12909:
12744:
11146:
10818:
10816:
10627:of Babylonian kings by modern historians.
10610:, and as late as the spring of 646 BC at
10568:
10566:
10564:
10562:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10430:
10177:
6956:Babylonian rebel, defeated Sinsharishkun
6794:Appointed as vassal king by Ashurbanipal
23491:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
15391:Exile and Return: The Babylonian Context
15186:
15048:Babylonian Chronology 626 B.C. – A.D. 45
15003:
14983:
14860:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
14827:Journal of the American Oriental Society
14781:Laing, Jennifer; Frost, Warwick (2017).
14726:
14694:Hunger, Hermann; de Jong, Teije (2014).
14668:
14574:
14396:
14210:
14191:
14177:
13999:
13979:
13963:
13947:
13931:
13912:
13896:
13852:
13731:
13593:
13577:
13573:
13554:
13542:
13538:
13522:
13510:
13498:
13448:
13405:
13353:
13333:
13298:
12944:
12925:
12905:
12889:
12840:
12820:
12771:
12759:
12725:
12705:
12672:
12660:
12623:
12572:
12560:
12548:
12531:
12519:
12504:
12492:
12477:
12426:
12414:
12402:
12390:
12361:
12349:
12345:
12329:
12317:
12302:
12267:
12255:
12243:
12231:
12215:
12203:
12191:
12171:
12155:
12143:
12131:
12058:
12033:
12010:
11998:
11965:
11926:
11899:
11884:
11847:
11826:
11795:
11663:
11651:
11639:
11478:
11219:
11025:
10998:
10969:
10490:
10488:
10486:
8204:King of the Antigonid Empire — general (
5556:Babylonian, son of Marduk-zakir-shumi I
1405:Antiochus cylinder (Neo-Assyrian signs)
1115:
989:
986:Kingship after the Neo-Babylonian Empire
977:175–164 BC) are damaged and fragmentary.
742:
708:
648:
23465:
23463:
23461:
23336:
15765:
15531:
15464:
15293:
15179:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 6
14958:
14925:
14906:
14624:
14599:
14377:
14356:
14314:
14272:
14198:Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum.
14098:Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon
13916:
13848:
13799:
13609:
13589:
13429:
13417:
13318:
13283:
13029:
12980:
12913:
12848:
11723:
11583:
11571:
11505:
11088:
11037:
10740:
10738:
8323:King of the Seleucid Empire — general (
8247:King of Macedon — son of Alexander III
5941:, including Assyrian kings of both the
1550:First king of Babylon in BKLa and BKLb
14:
23526:
23201:
22431:
22229:
20009:
20000:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
19904:
18828:
16573:
15326:
15252:
15158:
15138:
14872:
14750:
14729:"Assyrian Royal Titulary in Babylonia"
14645:
14537:
14500:
14479:
14360:The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
14318:The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
14156:
14062:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992).
14020:
13377:
13243:
13179:
13080:
13033:
12795:
12709:
11986:
11911:
11699:
11675:
11595:
11493:
11466:
11315:
11100:
11064:
11049:
11013:
10954:
10942:
10813:
10559:
10469:
8913:Dynasty XIV (Arsacid), 141 BC – AD 224
2029:Dynasty II (1st Sealand), 1725–1475 BC
604:
549:900–888 BC) and the Neo-Assyrian king
23481:
23326:
23293:
23288:
23279:
23231:
23170:
23165:
23156:
23151:
23142:
23132:
23127:
23122:
23117:
23108:
22974:
22946:
22941:
22936:
22926:
22917:
22907:
22902:
22891:
22882:
22776:
22511:
22418:
22316:
22306:
22192:
22040:
21949:
21771:
21764:
21722:
21646:
21624:
21592:
21578:
21547:
21531:
21405:
21377:
21353:
21308:
21269:
21214:
21150:
20983:
20968:
20945:
20932:
20895:
20745:
20702:
20576:
20552:
20544:
20507:
20445:
20434:
20404:
20388:
20357:
20324:
20304:
20282:
20249:
20158:
20090:
20078:
20037:
19949:
19941:
19869:
19650:
19404:
19397:
19359:
19286:
19268:
19237:
19190:
19156:
19141:
19133:
19120:
19101:
19089:
19072:
19056:
19019:
18972:
18946:
18868:
18833:
18761:
18585:
18554:
18547:
18536:
18517:
18390:
18195:King of the Four Corners of the World
18171:Ancient Mesopotamian royal titulature
18143:
17489:
16508:
15739:
15491:Sachs, A. J.; Wiseman, D. J. (1954).
14889:
14801:
14456:
14433:
14249:
14080:
14003:A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75
12729:
12689:
12627:
12584:
12175:
12037:
11687:
11535:
11231:
11194:
10483:
5468:Babylonian, son of Nabu-shuma-ukin I
4696:Dynasty V (2nd Sealand), 1021–1001 BC
4546:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
1396:Date formulae (Neo-Babylonian signs)
1273:
653:The name of Babylon's first dynasty (
386:). The topmost rendition follows the
177:(last foreign ruler attested as king)
142:(last foreign ruler attested as king)
23458:
23434:
16534:
15592:
15446:Wallis Budge, Ernest Alfred (1884).
15101:
14977:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.164.2.0297
14820:
14804:Historical Dictionary of Mesopotamia
14736:Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
14516:
14293:
14115:
14094:
13680:
13660:
13644:
13337:
13263:
13092:
13048:
12836:
12816:
12721:
12701:
12656:
12619:
12473:
12386:
12341:
12298:
12227:
12187:
12167:
12127:
12029:
11961:
11880:
11814:
11559:
11430:
11339:
11327:
11298:
11279:
11258:
11243:
11182:
11170:
11127:
11112:
10735:
5515:Babylonian, son of Nabu-apla-iddina
15452:. London: Religious Tract Society.
15054:. The University of Chicago Press.
14486:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14416:The Parthians: The Forgotten Empire
14363:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14321:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14023:"Babylonian Chronology and History"
12001:, pp. 10–13, 154–155, 176–178.
8256:Dynasty XIII (Seleucid), 305–141 BC
7204:Dynasty XI (Achaemenid), 539–331 BC
5333:Babylonian, son of Nabu-mukin-apli
5292:Babylonian, son of Nabu-mukin-apli
4311:Relative of Itti-Marduk-balatu (?)
4133:Dynasty IV (2nd Isin), 1153–1022 BC
2556:Dynasty III (Kassite), 1729–1155 BC
1334:605–562 BC) was spelt in Akkadian (
936:331–323 in Babylon), to the end of
919:246–225 BC) in the Seleucid period.
751:, recording rulers of Babylon from
717:, recording rulers of Babylon from
596:in 539 BC, and was also assumed by
24:
23414:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
23333:Chronology of the Neolithic period
22985:
22615:
22432:
22414:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
22199:
22090:
21406:
21378:
21321:
21151:
20758:
20412:
18773:
17856:
16789:
15273:Spar, Ira; Lambert, W. G. (2005).
10184:attested as a ruler of the cities
3419:Usurper, unrelated to other kings
25:
23560:
22990:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
21326:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
19137:("made the land of Elam submit")
17517:
17264:
14854:Luckenbill, Daniel David (1924).
14577:"L'histoire d'Assyrie de Ctésias"
11666:, pp. 125–130, 176–177, 185.
5919:Dynasty IX (Assyrian), 732–626 BC
5064:Dynasty VII (Elamite), 980–975 BC
1466:Dynasty I (Amorite), 1894–1595 BC
181:(last Parthian king in Babylonia)
148:(last Parthian king in Babylonia)
90:25 May 556 BC – 13 October 539 BC
23475:
23428:
23411:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
23397:
23383:
23361:
23352:
23337:
23327:
20632:
20520:
20515:
20343:
20072:
20067:
19898:
19744:
19739:
19594:
19493:
19424:
19337:
19332:
19202:
19165:
19160:
19150:
19145:
18940:
18590:
18577:
18565:
18530:
18126:
18125:
17434:
16484:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
15975:
14902:(PhD thesis). Leiden University.
14671:"Timarchus as King in Babylonia"
14446:Presses Universitaires de France
10856:
10843:
10804:
10795:
10748:
10726:
10716:
10671:
10661:
10651:
10642:
10579:
10537:
10519:
10501:
10366:
10356:
10346:
10314:
9927:
9894:
9861:
9828:
9795:
9762:
9729:
9696:
9663:
9630:
9597:
9564:
9481:
9448:
9436:Sister-wife (queen) of Orodes I
9390:
9357:
9326:
9293:
9256:
9135:
9086:
9008:
8971:
8883:
8850:
8813:
8728:
8691:
8658:
8621:
8584:
8551:
8514:
8481:
8444:
8407:
8374:
8339:
8298:
8226:
8183:
8140:
8099:
8057:Dynasty XII (Argead), 331–305 BC
8023:
8007:, alternatively a scribal error
7982:
7943:
7910:
7870:
7826:
7741:
7704:
7655:
7612:
7565:
7520:
7471:
7424:
7375:
7328:
7287:
7246:
7150:
7103:
7060:
7013:
6970:
6927:
6869:Dynasty X (Chaldean), 626–539 BC
6839:
6806:
6773:
6738:
6697:
6654:
6609:
6572:
6531:
6480:
6430:
6320:
6226:
6178:
6130:
6087:
6043:
5995:
5873:
5838:
5803:
5762:
5715:
5570:
5529:
5435:
5388:
5022:
4786:
4739:
4419:
4325:
4091:
4044:
3997:
3950:
3668:
3480:
3433:
3386:
3339:
3292:
3213:
3151:
3091:
2981:
2868:
2836:
2772:
2652:
2605:
2514:
2467:
2420:
2373:
2326:
2270:
2239:
2208:
2177:
2128:
1987:
1940:
1893:
1846:
1799:
1752:
1705:
1658:
1611:
1564:
1517:
1449:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1367:
1354:
370:
359:
348:
74:
61:Stylised version of the star of
55:
22408:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
15300:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
15210:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
14806:. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press.
14457:Fales, Frederick Mario (2014).
14442:for Assyrian Political History"
14434:Fales, Frederick Mario (2012).
14336:Dandamaev, Muhammad A. (1989).
14122:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
13992:
11832:
10766:per Spar & Lambert (2005).
10304:
10295:
10285:
10275:
10266:
10257:
10248:
10240:
10231:
10222:
10210:
10201:
10167:
5894:Babylonian, unclear succession
5824:Babylonian, unclear succession
5660:Babylonian, unclear succession
5628:Babylonian, unclear succession
5591:Babylonian, unclear succession
5421:Babylonian, unclear succession
5374:Babylonian, unclear succession
5245:Babylonian, unclear succession
4879:BKLa refers to this dynasty as
1329:
1310:
1288:
1130:
1107:
1090:
1083:
1067:
1050:
1004:
972:
961:
946:
931:
914:
897:
880:
849:
832:
808:
791:
768:
757:
734:
723:
696:
682:
555:
538:
492:
465:
429:
396:
333:
328:
309:Babylon's last native king was
226:) was the ruler of the ancient
47:
41:
23343:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
22481:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
22028:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
21952:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
20514:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
16041:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
16036:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
15627:
15385:Waerzeggers, Caroline (2015).
14459:"The Two Dynasties of Assyria"
10760:. This list uses the spelling
10150:
10137:List of Mesopotamian dynasties
5859:Babylonian, son of Nabonassar
4875:Dynasty VI (Bazi), 1000–981 BC
2854:Descendant of Abi-Rattash (?)
1346:Concise spelling (king lists)
198:Usurpation/conquest of Babylon
13:
1:
23313:Muslim conquest of the Levant
22559:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
22502:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
22487:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
22325:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
22195:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
21996:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
21695:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
16423:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
15820:Tigris–Euphrates river system
15657:"Bêl-šimânni and Šamaš-eriba"
15348:Van Der Meer, Petrus (1955).
14066:. University of Texas Press.
14000:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018).
12985:Parker & Dubberstein 1942
12894:Parker & Dubberstein 1942
12845:Parker & Dubberstein 1942
12825:Parker & Dubberstein 1942
10911:
10668:was no clear legitimate heir.
10573:
10463:
10443:
10339:
9552:Wife (queen) of Phraates III
9527:Wife (queen) of Phraates III
5777:
5739:
5730:
5692:
5544:
5506:
5497:
5459:
5450:
5412:
5403:
5365:
5321:
5283:
5274:
5236:
5227:
5151:ancestry, unclear succession
5138:
5129:
5046:
5037:
4999:
4990:
4952:
4943:
4857:
4848:
4810:
4801:
4763:
4754:
4678:
4669:
4631:
4622:
4584:
4575:
4537:
4528:
4499:Son of Marduk-nadin-ahhe (?)
4490:
4481:
4443:
4434:
4396:
4387:
4349:
4340:
4302:
4293:
4255:
4246:
4208:
4199:
4115:
4106:
4068:
4059:
4021:
4012:
3974:
3965:
3927:
3918:
3880:
3871:
3833:
3824:
3786:
3777:
3739:
3730:
3692:
3683:
3645:
3636:
3598:
3589:
3551:
3542:
3504:
3495:
3457:
3448:
3410:
3401:
3363:
3354:
3325:Son of Kadashman-Enlil I (?)
3316:
3307:
3269:
3260:
3005:
2996:
2746:
2723:
2714:
2676:
2667:
2629:
2620:
2538:
2529:
2491:
2482:
2444:
2435:
2397:
2388:
2350:
2341:
2102:
2051:
2011:
2002:
1964:
1955:
1917:
1908:
1870:
1861:
1823:
1814:
1776:
1767:
1729:
1720:
1682:
1673:
1635:
1626:
1588:
1579:
1541:
1532:
1315:
1293:
1282:signs. Up until the reign of
1238:
1223:
885:
854:
837:
796:
690:769–760 BC) and his grandson
687:
577:
543:
255:
156:
21862:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
18596:(Uruk influence or control)
15637:"Arakha (Nebuchadnezzar IV)"
15359:Van Der Spek, R. J. (1993).
15327:Thomas, Benjamin D. (2014).
15104:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
14895:
14873:Mittag, Peter Franz (2008).
14540:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
14438:
14273:Ceresko, Anthony R. (2001).
14214:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
10900:
10868:
10762:
10552:
10546:
10423:
10417:
10411:
10405:
10399:
10393:
10387:
10381:
10375:
9935:
9902:
9869:
9836:
9803:
9770:
9737:
9704:
9671:
9638:
9605:
9572:
9539:
9514:
9489:
9456:
9423:
9398:
9365:
9334:
9301:
9264:
9219:
9178:
9143:
9094:
9053:
9016:
8979:
8891:
8858:
8821:
8736:
8699:
8666:
8629:
8592:
8559:
8522:
8489:
8452:
8415:
8382:
8347:
8306:
8234:
8191:
8148:
8107:
8031:
7990:
7951:
7918:
7878:
7834:
7749:
7712:
7663:
7620:
7573:
7528:
7479:
7432:
7383:
7336:
7295:
7254:
7158:
7111:
7068:
7021:
6978:
6935:
6890:
6847:
6814:
6781:
6746:
6705:
6662:
6617:
6580:
6539:
6502:
6488:
6452:
6438:
6397:
6383:
6342:
6328:
6288:
6273:
6234:
6200:
6186:
6152:
6138:
6095:
6065:
6051:
6017:
6003:
5974:
5951:
5881:
5846:
5811:
5770:
5723:
5682:
5650:
5618:
5578:
5537:
5490:
5443:
5396:
5355:
5314:
5267:
5220:
5166:
5160:Dynasty VIII (E), 974–732 BC
5122:
5077:
5030:
4983:
4936:
4887:
4881:
4841:
4794:
4747:
4702:
4662:
4615:
4568:
4521:
4474:
4427:
4380:
4333:
4286:
4264:Son of Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
4239:
4192:
4139:
4099:
4052:
4005:
3958:
3911:
3864:
3817:
3770:
3723:
3676:
3629:
3582:
3535:
3488:
3441:
3394:
3347:
3300:
3253:
3221:
3190:
3159:
3127:
3099:
3067:
3036:
2989:
2940:
2908:
2876:
2844:
2812:
2780:
2707:
2660:
2613:
2568:
2522:
2475:
2428:
2381:
2334:
2278:
2247:
2216:
2185:
2136:
2095:
2041:
1995:
1948:
1901:
1854:
1807:
1760:
1713:
1666:
1619:
1572:
1525:
1472:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1417:
1386:
1374:
1361:
1336:
1258:
1185:
1175:
1170:
672:
666:
655:
644:
568:
523:
511:
505:
499:
482:
476:
451:
382:
222:
216:
7:
22556:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
21595:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
21394:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
20941:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
20935:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
20195:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
19182:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
18583:(Anonymous "King-priests")
18538:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
16489:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
16371:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
16366:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
15568:Strassmaier, J. N. (1888).
15449:Babylonian Life and History
15187:Shayegan, M. Rahim (2011).
14758:. Oxford University Press.
14575:Goossens, Godefroy (1940).
10788:
10782:
10775:
10768:
10756:
10124:
9378:Wife (queen) of Gotarzes I
5147:Elamite, or more likely of
4358:Son of Ninurta-nadin-shumi
3748:Son of Shagarakti-Shuriash
3372:Son of Burnaburiash II (?)
258:1894/1880–1595 BC) and the
254:(or Old Babylonian Empire,
10:
23565:
23549:Iraq history-related lists
23348:
23183:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
22610:
22493:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
22377:
22351:
22303:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
21649:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
21414:Third Babylonian dynasty (
21311:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
21273:Second Intermediate Period
20083:(vassal of the Akkadians)
19471:
18616:Early or legendary kings:
16494:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
15541:Journal of Ancient History
15333:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
15067:Patterson, Lee E. (2013).
14944:10.1515/zava.1964.56.1.262
14727:Karlsson, Mattias (2017).
14646:Hoover, Oliver D. (2011).
14501:George, Andrew R. (2007).
14480:George, Andrew R. (2003).
14465:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
8916:
8259:
8060:
7207:
6872:
5922:
5067:
3936:Son of Kashtiliash IV (?)
3654:Son of Kadashman-Enlil II
3077:Son of Burnaburiash I (?)
2559:
2032:
874:) and the Babylonian king
704:
337:
23544:Lists of monarchs in Asia
23317:
23310:
23303:
23274:
23224:
23221:
23180:
23139:
23105:
23086:
22928:Parthamaspates of Parthia
22914:
22879:
22738:
22706:
22499:
22478:
22405:
22402:
22308:Assyrian conquest of Elam
22301:
22189:
22155:
22089:
22050:
21914:
21903:
21860:
21688:Third Intermediate Period
21503:
21374:
21218:Second Babylonian dynasty
21163:("Old Babylonian Period")
20929:
20881:
20645:
20613:
20585:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
20557:
20541:
20488:
20485:
20468:
20390:
20375:
20334:
20301:
20247:
20231:
20205:
20197:
20168:
20093:First Intermediate Period
20087:
20063:
20019:
20004:
19988:
19963:
19954:
19928:
19923:
19735:
19714:
19695:
19686:
19647:
19622:
19605:
19581:
19568:
19563:
19549:
19534:
19525:
19477:
19453:
19378:
19318:
19301:
19266:
19245:
19239:Early Dynastic Period III
19187:
19171:
19099:
19097:
19086:
19013:
18964:
18954:
18865:
18842:
18758:
18689:
18620:
18603:
18600:
18541:
18514:
18441:
18425:
18369:
18311:
18273:
18226:Dominion over Mesopotamia
18225:
18177:
18123:
17841:
17707:
17698:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
17666:
17651:
17502:
17498:
17485:
17419:
17249:
17147:
17129:
17101:
17073:
17005:
16990:
16774:
16696:
16628:
16613:
16564:
16560:
16540:
16461:
16415:
16389:
16293:
16190:
16083:
15991:
15984:
15973:
15855:
15782:
15773:
15586:10.1515/zava.1888.3.1.129
15312:10.1017/S0075426914000068
15294:Stevens, Kathryn (2014).
14959:Oelsner, Joachim (2014).
14926:Oelsner, Joachim (1964).
14857:The Annals of Sennacherib
14802:Leick, Gwendolyn (2003).
14669:Houghton, Arthur (1979).
11613:Hunger & de Jong 2014
9246:
9201:
9121:
9076:
8960:
8957:
8954:
8951:
8948:
8945:
8935:List of Parthian monarchs
8799:
8763:
8287:
8284:
8281:
8278:
8275:
8272:
8216:
8178:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
8171:
8088:
8085:
8082:
8079:
8076:
8073:
8013:
7970:
7690:
7600:
7506:
7459:
7410:
7363:
7235:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7138:
7048:
7042:Son of Nebuchadnezzar II
6914:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6859:
6826:
6793:
6758:
6721:
6682:
6637:
6596:
6558:
6500:
6468:
6418:
6363:
6304:
6253:
6198:
6168:
6114:
6063:
6033:
5982:
5979:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5656:
5624:
5597:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
3231:Son of Kadashman-harbe I
3227:
3196:
3165:
3133:
3105:
3073:
3042:
2963:
2946:
2914:
2882:
2850:
2818:
2786:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2308:
2284:
2253:
2222:
2191:
2159:
2142:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1418:An - ti - ʾ - i - ku - su
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1348:
1345:
185:
163:
152:
118:
108:
103:
99:
95:
73:
69:
54:
39:
31:
23306:Muslim conquest of Egypt
22770:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
22601:Cleopatra VII Philopator
22098:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
21160:First Babylonian dynasty
20898:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
20402:(vassal of the Gutians)
20099:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
19091:Early Dynastic Period II
16992:Middle Babylonian period
16546:List of kings of Babylon
15715:Lendering, Jona (2005).
15695:Lendering, Jona (2004).
15675:Lendering, Jona (2001).
15655:Lendering, Jona (1998).
15635:Lendering, Jona (1998).
15470:"Babylonia 605–539 B.C."
15004:Olmstead, A. T. (1937).
14821:Lewy, Hildegard (1944).
14413:Ellerbrock, Uwe (2021).
14192:Brinkman, J. A. (1968).
14178:Brinkman, J. A. (1976).
13394:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13374:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13358:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13315:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13280:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13260:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13240:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13224:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13208:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13192:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13176:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13145:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13124:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13112:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13077:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13061:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
13026:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
12977:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
11388:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
11378:, pp. 204–205, 209.
11376:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
11364:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
11352:Sachs & Wiseman 1954
10143:
10133:– for the Assyrian kings
6158:'Dynasty of the Sealand'
4405:Son of Nebuchadnezzar I
260:Second Babylonian Empire
18:List of Kings of Babylon
23391:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
23134:Province of Mesopotamia
22943:Province of Mesopotamia
22919:Province of Mesopotamia
22894:Roman conquest of Egypt
22735:Antigonus II Mattathias
22529:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
22102:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
20579:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
20105:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
19413:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
18948:Early Dynastic Period I
18871:Second Dynasty of Egypt
18247:šar māt Šumeri u Akkadi
18243:King of Sumer and Akkad
18178:Dominion over the world
17162:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
15570:"Arsaciden-Inschriften"
15253:Soares, Filipe (2017).
15081:. Project Muse: 27–61.
14890:Murai, Nobuaki (2018).
14593:10.3406/antiq.1940.3101
14378:Da Riva, Rocío (2013).
14157:Boivin, Odette (2018).
13881:Spar & Lambert 2005
13865:Spar & Lambert 2005
13833:Spar & Lambert 2005
13812:Spar & Lambert 2005
13792:Spar & Lambert 2005
13776:Spar & Lambert 2005
13760:Spar & Lambert 2005
13744:Spar & Lambert 2005
13728:Spar & Lambert 2005
13709:Spar & Lambert 2005
13693:Spar & Lambert 2005
13677:Spar & Lambert 2005
13657:Spar & Lambert 2005
13641:Spar & Lambert 2005
13622:Spar & Lambert 2005
13606:Spar & Lambert 2005
13570:Spar & Lambert 2005
13537:, pp. xxii, xlii;
13535:Spar & Lambert 2005
13495:Spar & Lambert 2005
13476:Spar & Lambert 2005
13461:Spar & Lambert 2005
13392:, pp. xxii, xlii;
13390:Spar & Lambert 2005
13372:, pp. xxii, xlii;
13370:Spar & Lambert 2005
13352:, pp. xxii, xlii;
13350:Spar & Lambert 2005
13313:, pp. xxii, xlii;
13311:Spar & Lambert 2005
13276:Spar & Lambert 2005
13256:Spar & Lambert 2005
13236:Spar & Lambert 2005
13220:Spar & Lambert 2005
13204:Spar & Lambert 2005
13172:Spar & Lambert 2005
13157:Spar & Lambert 2005
13141:Spar & Lambert 2005
13108:Spar & Lambert 2005
13073:Spar & Lambert 2005
13022:Spar & Lambert 2005
13010:Spar & Lambert 2005
12973:Spar & Lambert 2005
11419:Spar & Lambert 2005
8510:Antiochus III the Great
8095:Alexander III the Great
5254:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
3983:Son of Adad-shuma-usur
3607:Son of Kadashman-Turgu
3466:Son of Burnaburiash II
3278:Son of Kurigalzu I (?)
3109:Son of Kashtiliash III
2406:Son of Peshgaldaramesh
864:Synchronistic King List
762:331–323 in Babylon) to
569:šar māt Šumeri u Akkadi
564:King of Sumer and Akkad
417:king of Sumer and Akkad
340:Akkadian royal titulary
252:First Babylonian Empire
22991:
22773:Philip II Philoromaeus
22767:Antiochus XII Dionysus
22761:Demetrius III Eucaerus
22758:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
22749:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
22621:
22589:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
22544:Arsinoe III Philopator
22437:
22205:
22095:
21932:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
21864:Second Dynasty of Isin
21411:
21384:
21327:
21156:
21039:(Non-dynastic usurpers
20763:
20448:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
20417:
20307:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
19872:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
19653:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
19480:Second kingdom of Mari
19193:Third Dynasty of Egypt
19127:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
18779:
18770:First Dynasty of Egypt
17779:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
17772:Seleucus IV Philopator
17744:Seleucus II Callinicus
17116:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
16326:Babylonian mathematics
15417:. Peeters Publishers.
15365:Bibliotheca Orientalis
15159:Radner, Karen (2003).
15148:Assyriological Studies
14687:10.3406/numi.1979.1797
14408:. Universiteit Leiden.
14006:. Pondicherry: Wiley.
13278:, pp. xxi, xlii;
13258:, pp. xxi, xlii;
13238:, pp. xxi, xlii;
13222:, pp. xxi, xlii;
13206:, pp. xxi, xlii;
13174:, pp. xxi, xlii;
13143:, pp. xxi, xlii;
13110:, pp. xxi, xlii;
12975:, pp. xxi, xlii;
11159:Laing & Frost 2017
10924:Black & Green 1992
10131:List of Assyrian kings
8617:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
8580:Seleucus IV Philopator
8440:Seleucus II Callinicus
4970:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
3560:Son of Nazi-Maruttash
3199:Son of Karaindash (?)
1136:
1010:
968:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
966:305–281 BC) and after
910:Seleucus II Callinicus
872:uncertain regnal dates
824:Babylonian King List C
818:Babylonian King List B
783:Babylonian King List A
774:
773:145–141 BC in Babylon)
740:
730:Seleucus II Callinicus
660:
195:Hereditary inheritance
23377:The Ancient Near East
23295:Byzantine Mesopotamia
23209:Province of Asoristan
23172:Byzantine Mesopotamia
22989:
22982:Province of Asoristan
22764:Philip I Philadelphus
22752:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
22746:Antiochus VIII Grypus
22743:Seleucus V Philometor
22698:Antiochus VII Sidetes
22692:Antiochus VI Dionysus
22619:
22592:Berenice IV Epiphanea
22553:Ptolemy VI Philometor
22541:Ptolemy IV Philopator
22538:Berenice II Euergetis
22535:Ptolemy III Euergetes
22436:
22354:Neo-Babylonian Empire
22264:Marduk-apla-iddina II
22261:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
22252:Marduk-apla-iddina II
22203:
22158:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
22094:
21815:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
21505:Middle Elamite period
21410:
21382:
21325:
21155:
20762:
20416:
20171:Third kingdom of Mari
19892:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
18967:First kingdom of Mari
18777:
18764:Early Dynastic Period
18606:Proto-Dynastic period
17888:Antiochus VII Sidetes
17751:Seleucus III Ceraunus
17684:Philip III Arrhidaeus
17421:Neo-Babylonian Empire
17323:Marduk-apla-iddina II
17318:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
17299:Marduk-apla-iddina II
16615:Old Babylonian Empire
15553:10.1515/jah-2014-0009
15087:10.1353/syl.2013.0013
15070:"Caracalla's Armenia"
14600:Depuydt, Leo (1997).
14581:L'Antiquité Classique
14510:The Languages of Iraq
14419:. Oxford: Routledge.
14382:. Walter de Gruyter.
14250:Brown, David (2008).
14163:. Walter de Gruyter.
14081:Bloch, Yigal (2012).
13159:, pp. xxi, xlii.
10849:Phraates V's mother,
10556:or something similar.
10162:Neo-Babylonian period
9082:Antiochus VII Sidetes
8477:Seleucus III Ceraunus
8136:Philip III Arrhidaeus
6879:Neo-Babylonian Empire
6311:Marduk-apla-iddina II
6260:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
6121:Marduk-apla-iddina II
5081:('dynasty of Elam').
2790:Son of Kashtiliash I
2035:First Sealand dynasty
1457:An - ti - ʾ - ku - us
1444:An - ti - ʾ - ku - us
1431:An - ti - ʾ - ku - us
1362:Nabû - kudurri - uṣur
1296:1359–1333 BC) of the
1119:
993:
746:
712:
692:Marduk-apla-iddina II
652:
594:Neo-Babylonian Empire
22740:Alexander II Zabinas
22604:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
22580:Ptolemy XI Alexander
22562:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
22117:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
22105:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
21929:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
21870:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
21494:Marduk-apla-iddina I
21388:New Kingdom of Egypt
21211:Early Kassite rulers
20505:(Vassals of Ur III)
20486:(Vassals of UR III)
19886:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
19856:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
19407:Old Kingdom of Egypt
18205:King of the Universe
17828:Demetrius II Nicator
17187:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
17167:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
17111:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
17015:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
16968:Marduk-apla-iddina I
16321:Babylonian astronomy
15800:Mesopotamian Marshes
15593:Zaia, Shana (2019).
14712:10.1515/za-2014-0015
14606:Die Welt des Orients
13851:, pp. 391–392;
13576:, pp. 110–111;
13541:, pp. 110–111;
13356:, pp. 213–217;
13336:, pp. 213–217;
13262:, pp. 208–209;
13242:, pp. 208–209;
12839:, pp. 202–206;
12819:, pp. 202–206;
12724:, pp. 202–206;
12704:, pp. 202–206;
12659:, pp. 202–206;
12622:, pp. 202–206;
12476:, pp. 202–206;
12389:, pp. 202–206;
12344:, pp. 202–206;
12301:, pp. 202–206;
12234:, pp. 126, 136.
12230:, pp. 202–206;
12190:, pp. 202–206;
12170:, pp. 202–206;
12130:, pp. 202–206;
12032:, pp. 202–206;
11964:, pp. 202–206;
11883:, pp. 202–206;
8879:Demetrius II Nicator
6999:Son of Nabopolassar
5477:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
5315:Mār-bῑti-aḫḫē-idinna
5301:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
5268:Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur
4984:Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur
4923:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
4179:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
3992:Marduk-apla-iddina I
3513:Son of Kurigalzu II
2886:Son of Urzigurumash
2256:Brother of Ishkibal
1785:Son of Sin-Muballit
942:Demetrius II Nicator
764:Demetrius II Nicator
171:484 BC or 336/335 BC
23245:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
22755:Antiochus X Eusebes
22583:Ptolemy XII Auletes
22574:Ptolemy X Alexander
22568:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
22547:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
22232:Neo-Assyrian Empire
22120:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
22053:Neo-Assyrian Empire
21876:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
21767:Syro-Hittite states
21473:Shagarakti-Shuriash
21146:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
20140:Neferkare Pepiseneb
20039:Akkadian Governors:
18543:Pre-Dynastic period
18373:Titles rendered in
18185:King of All Peoples
17793:Antiochus V Eupator
17758:Antiochus III Megas
17286:Tiglath-Pileser III
17251:Neo-Assyrian period
17192:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
17025:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
16933:Shagarakti-Shuriash
16402:Destruction by ISIL
16356:Sumerian literature
16331:Akkadian literature
15767:Ancient Mesopotamia
15182:. pp. 647–650.
15139:Poebel, A. (1955).
15010:Classical Philology
14101:. Leuven: Peeters.
14021:Bertin, G. (1891).
13954:, pp. 180–181.
13887:, pp. 647–650.
13596:, pp. 110–111.
13432:, pp. 391–392.
13420:, pp. 169–176.
13408:, pp. 229–239.
13340:, pp. 164–165.
12630:, pp. 204–218.
12587:, pp. 204–218.
12522:, pp. 184–185.
12393:, pp. 176–178.
12270:, pp. 154–155.
12258:, pp. 148–149.
12013:, pp. 127–128.
11968:, pp. 129–130.
11817:, pp. 202–206.
11630:, pp. 647–650.
11149:, pp. 185–186.
10528:Marduk-shakin-shumi
10418:Marduk-zēra-ušallim
10400:Marduk-zēra-uballiṭ
10301:Name not preserved.
10263:Name not preserved.
10228:Name not preserved.
8687:Antiochus V Eupator
8327:) of Alexander III
8210:) of Alexander III
7132:Son of Neriglissar
6052:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra
6039:Tiglath-Pileser III
5945:and the subsequent
5939:Neo-Assyrian Empire
5933:Neo-Assyrian Empire
5538:Marduk-balāssu-iqbi
5524:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
4687:Unclear succession
4640:Unclear succession
4593:Unclear succession
4273:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
4217:Unclear succession
4193:Marduk-kabit-aḫḫēšu
4124:Unclear succession
4077:Unclear succession
4030:Son of Meli-Shipak
3889:Unclear succession
3842:Unclear succession
3795:Unclear succession
3701:Son of Kudur-Enlil
3663:Shagarakti-Shuriash
3168:Unclear succession
2967:Unclear succession
2950:Unclear succession
2918:Unclear succession
2822:Unclear succession
2758:Unclear succession
2638:Unclear succession
2547:Unclear succession
2500:Unclear succession
2453:Unclear succession
2312:Unclear succession
2287:Unclear succession
2225:Unclear succession
2194:Unclear succession
2163:Unclear succession
2146:Unclear succession
2114:Unclear succession
2020:Son of Ammi-Saduqa
1973:Son of Ammi-Ditana
1879:Son of Samsu-iluna
1597:Unclear succession
1399:Antiochus cylinder
1032:Neo-Assyrian Empire
927:Alexander the Great
753:Alexander the Great
616:New Year's festival
605:Role and legitimacy
574:Third Dynasty of Ur
425:Tiglath-Pileser III
173:(last native rebel)
136:(last native rebel)
23471:Sumerian King List
23285:Palaestina Secunda
23162:Palaestina Secunda
22992:
22723:Alexander Jannaeus
22622:
22612:Hellenistic Period
22438:
22206:
22184:Humban-haltash III
22148:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
22096:
22061:Tukulti-Ninurta II
22042:Kingdom of Samaria
21938:Mar-biti-apla-usur
21935:Shirikti-shuqamuna
21905:Neo-Elamite period
21888:Marduk-shapik-zeri
21873:Itti-Marduk-balatu
21854:Tiglath-Pileser II
21851:Ashur-resh-ishi II
21806:Enlil-kudurri-usur
21497:Zababa-shuma-iddin
21482:Kadashman-Harbe II
21467:Kadashman-Enlil II
21412:
21385:
21328:
21157:
21143:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
21140:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
21131:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
20890:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
20764:
20418:
19793:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
19174:Old Elamite period
19066:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
18919:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
18836:Jemdet Nasr period
18780:
18312:Specific locations
18199:šar kibrāt erbetti
17737:Antiochus II Theos
17718:Seleucus I Nicator
17653:Hellenistic period
17548:Nebuchadnezzar III
17139:Mar-biti-apla-usur
17121:Shirikti-shuqamuna
17045:Marduk-shapik-zeri
17020:Itti-Marduk-balatu
16973:Zababa-shuma-iddin
16948:Kadashman-Harbe II
16923:Kadashman-Enlil II
16438:Mesopotamian myths
15611:10.1017/irq.2019.1
15466:Wiseman, Donald J.
14675:Revue Numismatique
14517:Gera, Dov (1998).
14294:Chen, Fei (2020).
14116:Boiy, Tom (2011).
14095:Boiy, Tom (2004).
13301:, p. 215–216.
11615:, p. 182–185.
11455:Sherwin-White 1991
10424:'Marduk-zēra-līšir
10388:Marduk-zēra-iddina
8403:Antiochus II Theos
8294:Seleucus I Nicator
8067:Hellenistic period
7696:Xerxes I the Great
7557:Xerxes I the Great
7512:Darius I the Great
7416:Darius I the Great
7370:Nebuchadnezzar III
7242:Cyrus II the Great
7210:Achaemenid dynasty
6886:Dynastic Chronicle
6329:Marduk-apla-iddina
6139:Marduk-apla-iddina
6023:'Dynasty of Shapi'
5868:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
5177:Dynastic Chronicle
5123:Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur
5109:Mar-biti-apla-usur
5017:Shirikti-shuqamuna
4461:Marduk-shapik-zeri
4287:Ninurta-nādin-šumi
4240:Itti-Marduk-balāṭu
4226:Itti-Marduk-balatu
4053:Zababa-šuma-iddina
4039:Zababa-shuma-iddin
4006:Marduk-apla-iddina
3804:Kadashman-Harbe II
3569:Kadashman-Enlil II
1644:Son of Sumu-la-El
1274:Names in cuneiform
1186:Aršakâ šar šarrāni
1137:
1075:Antiochus cylinder
1011:
957:Seleucus I Nicator
828:Marduk-shapik-zeri
775:
741:
661:
519:King of Karduniash
388:Antiochus cylinder
169:(last native king)
126:(last native king)
109:First monarch
23521:
23520:
23515:
23514:
23511:
23510:
23498:978-1-62564-606-4
23483:Unger, Merrill F.
23451:978-0-14-193825-7
23421:978-1-60606-649-2
23188:Province of Egypt
23119:Province of Egypt
22899:Province of Egypt
22641:Antigonid dynasty
22441:Achaemenid Empire
22362:Nebuchadnezzar II
22270:Ashur-nadin-shumi
22139:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
22111:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
21926:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
21894:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
21885:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
21827:Asharid-apal-Ekur
21824:Tiglath-Pileser I
21821:Ashur-resh-ishi I
21809:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
21797:Tukulti-Ninurta I
21744:Kingdom of Israel
21712:Osorkon the Elder
21633:Shutrukid dynasty
21518:Igehalkid dynasty
21485:Adad-shuma-iddina
21479:Enlil-nadin-shumi
21446:Kadashman-Enlil I
21440:Kadashman-harbe I
20884:Sukkalmah dynasty
20748:Isin-Larsa period
20570:Shimashki Dynasty
20296:Puzur-Inshushinak
19895:Netjerkare Siptah
19665:Neferirkare Kakai
19210:Egyptian pyramids
18419:Ancient Near East
18384:
18383:
18375:Akkadian language
18274:The king's person
18253:King of the Lands
18137:
18136:
18119:
18118:
18115:
18114:
18111:
18110:
17848:(141 BC – AD 224)
17837:
17836:
17814:Demetrius I Soter
17800:Demetrius I Soter
17725:Antiochus I Soter
17647:
17646:
17560:Nebuchadnezzar IV
17493:
17481:
17480:
17477:
17476:
17449:Nebuchadnezzar II
17415:
17414:
17245:
17244:
17237:Nabu-suma-ukin II
17222:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
17177:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
17093:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
17055:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
17040:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
16986:
16985:
16953:Adad-shuma-iddina
16943:Enlil-nadin-shumi
16888:Kadashman-Enlil I
16878:Kadashman-Harbe I
16770:
16769:
16609:
16608:
16502:
16501:
16453:Ziggurat (Temple)
16428:Sumerian religion
16186:
16185:
16133:Middle Babylonian
16075:Kish civilization
15971:
15970:
15795:Lower Mesopotamia
15790:Upper Mesopotamia
15533:Scolnic, Benjamin
15424:978-90-429-3670-6
15075:Syllecta Classica
14523:. Leiden: BRILL.
14342:. Leiden: BRILL.
14300:. Leiden: BRILL.
13986:, pp. 63–64.
13903:, pp. 60–61.
13782:, pp. 45–46.
13699:, pp. 36–37.
12987:, pp. 11–17.
12916:, pp. 55–57.
12896:, pp. 11–17.
12847:, pp. 9–11;
12429:, pp. 12–13.
11850:, pp. 69–70.
11775:Wallis Budge 1884
11760:Wallis Budge 1884
11738:, pp. 94–97.
11736:Wallis Budge 1884
11712:Wallis Budge 1884
11548:Van Der Spek 2001
11521:Van Der Spek 2001
11400:Van Der Spek 1993
11077:Van Der Meer 1955
11028:, pp. 6, 11.
10553:Ninurta-apla-uṣur
10532:Nabu-shumu-lishir
10394:Marduk-zēra-iqīša
10337:Tukulti-Ninurta I
10122:
10121:
9939:
9906:
9873:
9840:
9807:
9774:
9741:
9708:
9675:
9642:
9609:
9576:
9543:
9518:
9493:
9460:
9427:
9402:
9369:
9338:
9305:
9273:
9268:
9231:
9223:
9187:
9182:
9152:
9147:
9132:
9110:
9103:
9098:
9065:
9057:
9028:
9020:
9005:
8983:
8938:
8910:
8909:
8895:
8862:
8830:
8825:
8810:
8805:Demetrius I Soter
8788:
8781:
8752:
8745:
8740:
8725:
8720:Demetrius I Soter
8703:
8670:
8638:
8633:
8604:
8596:
8563:
8534:
8526:
8493:
8461:
8456:
8427:
8419:
8386:
8359:
8351:
8335:Antiochus I Soter
8318:
8310:
8253:
8252:
8238:
8195:
8157:
8152:
8123:
8116:
8111:
8054:
8053:
8043:
8035:
7994:
7955:
7922:
7890:
7887:
7882:
7853:
7850:
7843:
7838:
7761:
7753:
7721:
7716:
7701:
7684:Babylonian rebel
7679:
7672:
7667:
7641:Babylonian rebel
7636:
7629:
7624:
7589:
7582:
7577:
7562:
7544:
7537:
7532:
7517:
7495:
7488:
7483:
7480:Nabû-kudurri-uṣur
7466:Nebuchadnezzar IV
7448:
7441:
7436:
7421:
7399:
7392:
7387:
7384:Nabû-kudurri-uṣur
7352:
7345:
7340:
7311:
7304:
7299:
7270:
7263:
7258:
7214:Achaemenid Empire
7192:
7191:
7174:
7167:
7162:
7127:
7120:
7115:
7084:
7077:
7072:
7037:
7030:
7025:
6994:
6987:
6982:
6979:Nabû-kudurri-uṣur
6965:Nebuchadnezzar II
6951:
6944:
6939:
6866:
6865:
6851:
6818:
6785:
6750:
6735:
6714:
6709:
6678:
6671:
6666:
6651:
6633:
6626:
6621:
6592:
6584:
6569:
6543:
6514:
6492:
6459:
6442:
6409:
6387:
6354:
6332:
6317:
6295:
6294:'Son of Arad-Ea'
6277:
6274:Marduk-zâkir-šumi
6238:
6223:
6207:
6190:
6159:
6142:
6127:
6099:
6072:
6055:
6024:
6007:
5913:
5900:
5899:
5885:
5850:
5815:
5774:
5757:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
5727:
5686:
5654:
5622:
5582:
5541:
5494:
5491:Marduk-zâkir-šumi
5447:
5400:
5383:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
5359:
5318:
5271:
5224:
5157:
5156:
5126:
5061:
5060:
5034:
4987:
4940:
4937:Eulmaš-šākin-šumi
4872:
4871:
4845:
4828:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
4798:
4751:
4693:
4692:
4666:
4619:
4572:
4569:Marduk-aḫḫē-erība
4555:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
4525:
4478:
4475:Marduk-šāpik-zēri
4431:
4428:Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē
4414:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
4384:
4337:
4334:Nabû-kudurri-uṣur
4290:
4243:
4196:
4130:
4129:
4103:
4056:
4009:
3962:
3915:
3868:
3851:Adad-shuma-iddina
3821:
3774:
3757:Enlil-nadin-shumi
3727:
3680:
3633:
3586:
3539:
3492:
3445:
3398:
3351:
3304:
3257:
3240:Kadashman-Enlil I
3225:
3194:
3177:Kadashman-Harbe I
3163:
3131:
3103:
3071:
3040:
2993:
2944:
2912:
2880:
2848:
2816:
2784:
2711:
2664:
2617:
2553:
2552:
2526:
2479:
2432:
2385:
2359:Son of Gulkishar
2338:
2306:
2282:
2251:
2220:
2189:
2140:
2099:
2026:
2025:
1999:
1952:
1926:Son of Abi-Eshuh
1905:
1858:
1832:Son of Hammurabi
1811:
1764:
1717:
1670:
1623:
1576:
1529:
1482:destruction layer
1463:
1462:
1381:
1380:
1337:Nabû-kudurri-uṣur
1325:Nebuchadnezzar II
1216:Septimius Severus
1079:Antiochus I Soter
1000:Achaemenid Empire
955:. Entries before
802:1894–1881 BC) to
534:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
506:šakkanakki Bābili
500:šakkanakki Bābili
452:šakkanakki Bābili
392:Nebuchadnezzar II
319:Achaemenid Empire
264:Code of Hammurabi
248:Ancient Near East
234:and its kingdom,
217:šakkanakki Bābili
204:
203:
119:Last monarch
42:šakkanakki Bābili
16:(Redirected from
23556:
23534:Kings of Babylon
23503:
23502:
23479:
23473:
23467:
23456:
23455:
23432:
23426:
23425:
23404:Thomas, Ariane;
23401:
23395:
23394:
23387:
23381:
23380:
23365:
23359:
23356:
23341:
23331:
23281:Palaestina Prima
23227:Byzantine Empire
23158:Palaestina Prima
23145:Byzantine Empire
23124:Syria Palaestina
23089:Palmyrene Empire
23075:Bahram VI Chobin
22938:Syria Palaestina
22726:Salome Alexandra
22709:Kingdom of Judea
22695:Diodotus Tryphon
22550:Cleopatra I Syra
22526:Ptolemy Keraunos
22294:Ashur-uballit II
22291:Sin-shumu-lishir
22285:Ashur-etil-ilani
22240:Sargonid dynasty
22133:Marduk-apla-usur
22114:Nabu-apla-iddina
22108:Shamash-mudammiq
22064:Ashurnasirpal II
22047:Kingdom of Judah
21891:Adad-apla-iddina
21882:Enlil-nadin-apli
21879:Nebuchadnezzar I
21803:Ashur-nirari III
21800:Ashur-nadin-apli
21638:Shutruk-Nakhunte
21523:Untash-Napirisha
21512:Kidinuid dynasty
21110:Shamshi-Adad III
20818:Dynasty of Larsa
20636:
20524:
20519:
20347:
20200:Shar-Kali-Sharri
20134:Neferkare Tereru
20122:Neferkare Khendu
20076:
20071:
19902:
19861:Kiku-siwe-tempti
19748:
19743:
19598:
19527:Kish III dynasty
19497:
19428:
19341:
19336:
19241:(2600–2340 BCE)
19206:
19169:
19164:
19154:
19149:
19093:(2700–2600 BCE)
18950:(2900–2700 BCE)
18944:
18861:(3100–2700 BCE)
18840:(3100–2900 BCE)
18594:
18581:
18569:
18545:(4000–2900 BCE)
18534:
18433:
18432:
18429:
18428:
18411:
18404:
18397:
18388:
18387:
18164:
18157:
18150:
18141:
18140:
18129:
18128:
17854:
17853:
17850:
17849:
17664:
17663:
17660:
17659:
17515:
17514:
17511:
17510:
17500:
17499:
17491:
17487:
17486:
17432:
17431:
17428:
17427:
17337:Aššur-nādin-šumi
17262:
17261:
17258:
17257:
17212:Marduk-apla-usur
17182:Nabu-apla-iddina
17172:Shamash-mudammiq
17050:Adad-apla-iddina
17035:Enlil-nadin-apli
17030:Nebuchadnezzar I
17003:
17002:
16999:
16998:
16893:Burna-Buriash II
16787:
16786:
16783:
16782:
16715:Unknown king (?)
16626:
16625:
16622:
16621:
16601:
16596:
16589:
16571:
16570:
16562:
16561:
16535:Kings of Babylon
16529:
16522:
16515:
16506:
16505:
16351:Sumerian cuisine
16341:Warfare in Sumer
16336:Economy of Sumer
15989:
15988:
15979:
15863:Fertile Crescent
15847:Sinjar Mountains
15842:Hamrin Mountains
15837:Zagros Mountains
15815:Taurus Mountains
15780:
15779:
15760:
15753:
15746:
15737:
15736:
15731:
15729:
15727:
15717:"Uruk King List"
15711:
15709:
15707:
15691:
15689:
15687:
15671:
15669:
15667:
15651:
15649:
15647:
15622:
15589:
15564:
15528:
15487:
15461:
15442:
15440:
15439:
15433:
15427:. Archived from
15416:
15404:
15381:
15372:
15355:
15354:. Brill Archive.
15344:
15323:
15290:
15269:
15259:
15249:
15204:
15183:
15172:
15155:
15145:
15135:
15098:
15072:
15063:
15053:
15041:
15000:
14980:
14955:
14922:
14903:
14898:
14886:
14869:
14850:
14817:
14798:
14777:
14747:
14733:
14723:
14690:
14665:
14642:
14621:
14596:
14571:
14534:
14513:
14507:
14497:
14476:
14453:
14441:
14430:
14409:
14403:
14393:
14374:
14353:
14332:
14311:
14290:
14269:
14246:
14207:
14188:
14186:
14174:
14153:
14112:
14091:
14089:
14077:
14058:
14017:
13987:
13977:
13971:
13961:
13955:
13945:
13939:
13929:
13920:
13910:
13904:
13894:
13888:
13883:, p. xxii;
13878:
13872:
13867:, p. xxii;
13862:
13856:
13846:
13840:
13835:, p. xxii;
13830:
13819:
13814:, p. xxii;
13809:
13803:
13794:, p. xxii;
13789:
13783:
13778:, p. xxii;
13773:
13767:
13762:, p. xxii;
13757:
13751:
13746:, p. xxii;
13741:
13735:
13730:, p. xxii;
13725:
13716:
13711:, p. xxii;
13706:
13700:
13695:, p. xxii;
13690:
13684:
13679:, p. xxii;
13674:
13668:
13659:, p. xxii;
13654:
13648:
13643:, p. xxii;
13638:
13629:
13624:, p. xxii;
13619:
13613:
13608:, p. xxii;
13603:
13597:
13587:
13581:
13572:, p. xxii;
13567:
13558:
13552:
13546:
13532:
13526:
13520:
13514:
13508:
13502:
13497:, p. xxii;
13492:
13483:
13478:, p. xxii;
13473:
13464:
13458:
13452:
13446:
13433:
13427:
13421:
13415:
13409:
13403:
13397:
13387:
13381:
13367:
13361:
13347:
13341:
13331:
13322:
13308:
13302:
13296:
13287:
13273:
13267:
13253:
13247:
13233:
13227:
13217:
13211:
13201:
13195:
13189:
13183:
13169:
13160:
13154:
13148:
13138:
13127:
13121:
13115:
13105:
13096:
13090:
13084:
13070:
13064:
13058:
13052:
13046:
13037:
13019:
13013:
13007:
12988:
12970:
12964:
12958:
12952:
12942:
12933:
12923:
12917:
12903:
12897:
12887:
12852:
12834:
12828:
12827:, pp. 9–11.
12814:
12799:
12793:
12787:
12784:Waerzeggers 2015
12781:
12775:
12769:
12763:
12757:
12748:
12742:
12733:
12719:
12713:
12699:
12693:
12687:
12676:
12670:
12664:
12654:
12631:
12617:
12588:
12582:
12576:
12570:
12564:
12558:
12552:
12546:
12535:
12529:
12523:
12517:
12508:
12502:
12496:
12490:
12481:
12471:
12430:
12424:
12418:
12412:
12406:
12400:
12394:
12384:
12365:
12359:
12353:
12339:
12333:
12327:
12321:
12315:
12306:
12296:
12271:
12265:
12259:
12253:
12247:
12241:
12235:
12225:
12219:
12213:
12207:
12201:
12195:
12185:
12179:
12165:
12159:
12153:
12147:
12141:
12135:
12125:
12062:
12056:
12041:
12027:
12014:
12008:
12002:
11996:
11990:
11984:
11969:
11959:
11930:
11924:
11915:
11909:
11903:
11897:
11888:
11878:
11851:
11845:
11839:
11836:
11830:
11824:
11818:
11812:
11799:
11793:
11778:
11772:
11763:
11757:
11751:
11748:Strassmaier 1888
11745:
11739:
11733:
11727:
11721:
11715:
11709:
11703:
11697:
11691:
11685:
11679:
11673:
11667:
11661:
11655:
11649:
11643:
11637:
11631:
11625:
11616:
11610:
11599:
11593:
11587:
11581:
11575:
11569:
11563:
11557:
11551:
11545:
11539:
11533:
11524:
11518:
11509:
11503:
11497:
11491:
11482:
11476:
11470:
11464:
11458:
11457:, p. 75–77.
11452:
11446:
11443:Waerzeggers 2018
11440:
11434:
11428:
11422:
11416:
11403:
11397:
11391:
11385:
11379:
11373:
11367:
11361:
11355:
11349:
11343:
11337:
11331:
11325:
11319:
11313:
11302:
11296:
11283:
11277:
11262:
11261:, pp. 2, 4.
11256:
11247:
11241:
11235:
11229:
11223:
11217:
11198:
11192:
11186:
11180:
11174:
11168:
11162:
11156:
11150:
11144:
11131:
11125:
11116:
11110:
11104:
11098:
11092:
11086:
11080:
11074:
11068:
11062:
11053:
11047:
11041:
11035:
11029:
11023:
11017:
11011:
11002:
10996:
10990:
10984:
10973:
10967:
10958:
10952:
10946:
10940:
10927:
10921:
10905:
10903:
10896:
10877:
10875:
10873:
10872:
10860:
10854:
10847:
10841:
10838:
10823:
10820:
10811:
10808:
10802:
10799:
10793:
10791:
10785:
10778:
10771:
10765:
10759:
10752:
10746:
10742:
10733:
10730:
10724:
10720:
10714:
10711:
10702:
10699:
10693:
10689:
10678:
10675:
10669:
10665:
10659:
10655:
10649:
10646:
10640:
10637:
10628:
10624:
10615:
10603:
10597:
10593:
10587:
10583:
10577:
10575:
10570:
10557:
10555:
10549:
10541:
10535:
10523:
10517:
10505:
10499:
10492:
10481:
10478:
10467:
10465:
10460:
10447:
10445:
10437:
10428:
10426:
10420:
10414:
10412:Marduk-zēra-uṣur
10408:
10406:Marduk-zēra-ukīn
10402:
10396:
10390:
10384:
10382:Marduk-zēra-ibni
10378:
10370:
10364:
10360:
10354:
10350:
10344:
10341:
10333:
10322:
10318:
10312:
10308:
10302:
10299:
10293:
10289:
10283:
10279:
10273:
10270:
10264:
10261:
10255:
10252:
10246:
10243:
10242:
10235:
10229:
10226:
10220:
10217:
10216:
10215:
10214:
10205:
10199:
10181:
10175:
10171:
10165:
10154:
9938:
9933:
9931:
9905:
9900:
9898:
9872:
9867:
9865:
9839:
9834:
9832:
9806:
9801:
9799:
9773:
9768:
9766:
9740:
9735:
9733:
9707:
9702:
9700:
9674:
9669:
9667:
9641:
9636:
9634:
9608:
9603:
9601:
9575:
9570:
9568:
9542:
9537:
9517:
9512:
9492:
9487:
9485:
9459:
9454:
9452:
9426:
9421:
9401:
9396:
9394:
9368:
9363:
9361:
9337:
9332:
9330:
9304:
9299:
9297:
9271:
9267:
9262:
9260:
9229:
9222:
9217:
9215:
9185:
9181:
9176:
9174:
9150:
9146:
9141:
9139:
9129:
9108:
9101:
9097:
9092:
9090:
9063:
9056:
9051:
9049:
9026:
9019:
9014:
9012:
9002:
8982:
8977:
8975:
8943:
8942:
8931:
8927:
8894:
8889:
8887:
8861:
8856:
8854:
8828:
8824:
8819:
8817:
8808:
8786:
8779:
8750:
8743:
8739:
8734:
8732:
8723:
8702:
8697:
8695:
8669:
8664:
8662:
8636:
8632:
8627:
8625:
8602:
8595:
8590:
8588:
8562:
8557:
8555:
8532:
8525:
8520:
8518:
8492:
8487:
8485:
8459:
8455:
8450:
8448:
8425:
8418:
8413:
8411:
8385:
8380:
8378:
8357:
8350:
8345:
8343:
8316:
8309:
8304:
8302:
8270:
8269:
8262:Seleucid dynasty
8237:
8232:
8230:
8194:
8189:
8187:
8155:
8151:
8146:
8144:
8121:
8114:
8110:
8105:
8103:
8071:
8070:
8041:
8034:
8029:
8027:
7993:
7988:
7986:
7954:
7949:
7947:
7921:
7916:
7914:
7888:
7885:
7881:
7876:
7874:
7851:
7848:
7841:
7837:
7832:
7830:
7759:
7752:
7747:
7745:
7719:
7715:
7710:
7708:
7699:
7677:
7670:
7666:
7661:
7659:
7634:
7627:
7623:
7618:
7616:
7587:
7580:
7576:
7571:
7569:
7560:
7542:
7535:
7531:
7526:
7524:
7515:
7493:
7486:
7482:
7477:
7475:
7446:
7439:
7435:
7430:
7428:
7419:
7397:
7390:
7386:
7381:
7379:
7350:
7343:
7339:
7334:
7332:
7309:
7302:
7298:
7293:
7291:
7268:
7261:
7257:
7252:
7250:
7218:
7217:
7172:
7165:
7161:
7156:
7154:
7125:
7118:
7114:
7109:
7107:
7082:
7075:
7071:
7066:
7064:
7035:
7028:
7024:
7019:
7017:
6992:
6985:
6981:
6976:
6974:
6949:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6931:
6897:
6896:
6893:
6875:Chaldean dynasty
6850:
6845:
6843:
6817:
6812:
6810:
6802:Sin-shumu-lishir
6784:
6779:
6777:
6749:
6744:
6742:
6733:
6712:
6708:
6703:
6701:
6676:
6669:
6665:
6660:
6658:
6649:
6631:
6624:
6620:
6618:Aššur-aḫa-iddina
6615:
6613:
6590:
6583:
6578:
6576:
6567:
6542:
6537:
6535:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6491:
6486:
6484:
6457:
6455:
6441:
6439:Aššur-nādin-šumi
6436:
6434:
6425:Aššur-nādin-šumi
6407:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6386:
6381:
6379:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6331:
6326:
6324:
6315:
6293:
6291:
6276:
6271:
6269:
6237:
6232:
6230:
6221:
6205:
6203:
6189:
6184:
6182:
6157:
6155:
6141:
6136:
6134:
6125:
6098:
6093:
6091:
6070:
6068:
6054:
6049:
6047:
6022:
6020:
6006:
6001:
5999:
5977:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5947:Sargonid dynasty
5929:Sargonid dynasty
5910:
5906:
5884:
5879:
5877:
5849:
5844:
5842:
5814:
5809:
5807:
5782:
5779:
5773:
5768:
5766:
5744:
5741:
5735:
5732:
5726:
5721:
5719:
5697:
5694:
5685:
5683:Marduk-apla-uṣur
5680:
5678:
5669:Marduk-apla-usur
5653:
5648:
5646:
5621:
5616:
5614:
5581:
5576:
5574:
5549:
5546:
5540:
5535:
5533:
5511:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5493:
5488:
5486:
5464:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5446:
5444:Nabû-apla-iddina
5441:
5439:
5430:Nabu-apla-iddina
5417:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5370:
5367:
5358:
5353:
5351:
5342:Shamash-mudammiq
5326:
5323:
5317:
5312:
5310:
5288:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5270:
5265:
5263:
5241:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5143:
5140:
5134:
5131:
5125:
5120:
5118:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5051:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5033:
5031:Širikti-šuqamuna
5028:
5026:
5004:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4986:
4981:
4979:
4957:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4939:
4934:
4932:
4898:
4897:
4890:
4884:
4862:
4859:
4853:
4850:
4844:
4839:
4837:
4815:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4768:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4750:
4745:
4743:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4683:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4665:
4660:
4658:
4636:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4618:
4613:
4611:
4589:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4542:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4524:
4522:Adad-apla-iddina
4519:
4517:
4508:Adad-apla-iddina
4495:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4448:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4383:
4381:Enlil-nādin-apli
4378:
4376:
4367:Enlil-nadin-apli
4354:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4320:Nebuchadnezzar I
4307:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4289:
4284:
4282:
4260:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4242:
4237:
4235:
4213:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4154:
4153:
4142:
4120:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4073:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4055:
4050:
4048:
4026:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4003:
4001:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3932:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3885:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3867:
3865:Adad-šuma-iddina
3862:
3860:
3838:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3791:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3773:
3771:Enlil-nādin-šumi
3768:
3766:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3697:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3679:
3677:Šagarakti-Šuriaš
3674:
3672:
3650:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3627:
3625:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3585:
3580:
3578:
3556:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3486:
3484:
3462:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3321:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2751:
2748:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2305:
2303:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2044:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1738:Son of Apil-Sin
1734:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1243:
1240:
1228:
1225:
1214:(in AD 115) and
1188:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1134:
1132:
1111:
1109:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1052:
1008:
1006:
976:
974:
965:
963:
950:
948:
935:
933:
918:
916:
901:
899:
893:Ashur-etil-ilani
890:
887:
884:
882:
859:
856:
853:
851:
845:Adad-apla-iddina
842:
839:
836:
834:
812:
810:
801:
798:
795:
793:
772:
770:
761:
759:
738:
736:
727:
725:
700:
698:
689:
686:
684:
675:
669:
658:
612:statue of Marduk
579:
571:
559:
557:
548:
545:
542:
540:
526:
514:
508:
502:
496:
494:
485:
479:
469:
467:
454:
433:
431:
400:
398:
385:
374:
363:
352:
257:
225:
219:
158:
81:Last native king
78:
59:
50:
49:
44:
43:
35:
29:
28:
21:
23564:
23563:
23559:
23558:
23557:
23555:
23554:
23553:
23524:
23523:
23522:
23517:
23516:
23507:
23506:
23499:
23480:
23476:
23468:
23459:
23452:
23433:
23429:
23422:
23402:
23398:
23389:
23388:
23384:
23366:
23362:
23357:
23353:
23290:Byzantine Syria
23276:Byzantine Egypt
23251:Farrukh Hormizd
23211:
23207:
23204:Sasanian Empire
23190:
23186:
23167:Byzantine Syria
23153:Byzantine Egypt
23092:
22984:
22980:
22977:Sasanian Empire
22897:
22802:Mithridates III
22782:
22779:Parthian Empire
22712:
22651:Seleucid Empire
22648:
22638:
22614:
22523:Ptolemy I Soter
22521:
22518:Ptolemaic Egypt
22490:
22484:
22444:
22426:
22422:
22420:Kings of Byblos
22411:
22383:
22357:
22328:
22322:
22296:
22276:Mushezib-Marduk
22246:Tiglath-Pileser
22244:
22235:
22212:
22198:
22182:
22178:
22174:
22170:
22166:
22162:
22161:
22153:
22151:Nabu-mukin-zeri
22145:Nabu-nadin-zeri
22130:Marduk-bel-zeri
22123:Baba-aha-iddina
22100:
22077:Adad-nirari III
22067:Shalmaneser III
22056:
22045:
22044:
22031:
22025:
22024:
22022:Menkheperre Ini
21999:
21992:
21991:
21955:
21941:Nabû-mukin-apli
21918:
21907:(1100–540 BCE)
21900:Nabu-shum-libur
21868:
21845:Ashur-nirari IV
21839:Ashurnasirpal I
21836:Shamshi-Adad IV
21782:Ashur-uballit I
21777:
21759:
21755:
21751:
21747:
21741:
21740:
21736:
21732:
21730:Kings of Byblos
21728:
21698:
21691:
21685:
21684:
21653:
21652:
21636:
21630:
21598:
21585:
21584:
21566:Neferneferuaten
21526:
21525:
21521:
21515:
21509:
21508:(1500–1100 BCE)
21500:Enlil-nadin-ahi
21488:Adad-shuma-usur
21476:Kashtiliashu IV
21464:Kadashman-Turgu
21449:Burnaburiash II
21428:Kashtiliash III
21420:
21397:
21391:
21361:
21360:(1600–1260 BCE)
21359:
21329:
21320:
21314:
21302:
21296:
21292:
21286:
21282:
21276:
21256:
21251:Peshgaldaramesh
21246:
21236:
21226:
21222:Sealand Dynasty
21219:
21216:
21215:
21209:
21208:
21171:
21164:
21162:
21137:Ashur-nirari II
21116:Puzur-Ashur III
21104:Shamshi-Adad II
21075:
21073:
21071:Adaside dynasty
21068:
21067:
21042:
21040:
21038:
21037:
21000:
20998:
20996:
20989:
20980:
20974:
20963:
20959:
20957:Kings of Byblos
20955:
20949:
20938:
20901:
20888:
20887:
20869:Uruk VI dynasty
20867:
20816:
20767:Dynasty of Isin
20757:
20751:
20740:
20736:
20732:
20728:
20724:
20720:
20716:
20712:
20708:
20683:
20677:
20670:
20666:
20665:
20664:
20662:
20658:
20654:
20637:
20631:
20627:
20621:
20618:
20588:
20582:
20564:
20525:
20513:
20504:
20500:
20496:
20492:
20475:
20465:
20451:
20435:
20427:
20423:
20419:
20408:
20401:
20397:
20383:
20379:
20370:
20366:
20365:
20363:
20352:
20348:
20342:
20338:
20329:(2150–2000 BCE)
20310:
20294:
20290:
20286:
20280:
20276:
20272:
20268:
20264:
20260:
20256:
20242:
20238:
20226:
20222:
20198:
20194:
20190:
20186:
20182:
20181:
20179:
20174:
20164:
20119:Djedkare Shemai
20108:
20102:
20096:
20082:
20053:
20049:
20045:
20041:
20028:Sargon of Akkad
20026:
20025:
20022:Akkadian Empire
20014:(2340–2150 BCE)
20012:Akkadian Period
19999:
19995:
19983:
19979:
19958:
19946:
19936:
19932:
19915:
19911:
19897:
19875:
19854:
19852:
19840:
19836:
19832:
19821:
19817:
19813:
19804:
19795:
19781:
19777:
19765:
19761:
19749:
19720:
19717:
19711:
19699:
19690:
19657:
19656:
19640:
19636:
19632:
19628:
19617:
19613:
19609:
19600:
19599:
19593:
19589:
19588:
19576:
19575:
19559:
19556:
19544:
19540:
19529:
19520:
19516:
19512:
19508:
19504:
19500:
19499:
19498:
19492:
19488:
19484:
19483:
19475:(2500-539 BCE)
19463:
19459:
19429:
19423:
19416:
19410:
19392:
19388:
19384:
19372:
19368:
19364:
19352:
19346:
19342:
19328:
19324:
19314:
19311:
19307:
19295:
19291:
19281:
19277:
19275:
19261:
19257:
19253:
19249:
19213:
19207:
19201:
19197:
19196:
19180:
19179:
19178:(2700–1500 BCE)
19177:
19125:
19114:
19077:("conqueror of
19063:
19047:
19040:
19030:
19016:
18997:
18993:
18988:
18979:
18970:
18962:
18959:
18939:
18875:
18874:
18860:
18854:
18848:
18839:
18781:
18767:
18754:
18695:
18626:
18615:
18609:
18595:
18589:
18582:
18576:
18570:
18564:
18563:
18562:(4000–3100 BCE)
18561:
18555:
18529:
18523:
18495:
18476:
18466:
18439:
18437:
18421:
18415:
18385:
18380:
18365:
18339:King of Babylon
18329:King of Assyria
18307:
18269:
18221:
18189:šar kiššat nišē
18173:
18168:
18138:
18133:
18107:
17847:
17846:
17845:
17843:Parthian period
17833:
17821:Alexander Balas
17703:
17657:
17656:
17655:
17643:
17508:
17507:
17506:
17494:
17473:
17425:
17424:
17423:
17411:
17377:Šamaš-šuma-ukin
17349:Mushezib-Marduk
17280:Nabu-mukin-zeri
17273:
17255:
17254:
17253:
17241:
17232:Nabu-nadin-zeri
17207:Marduk-bel-zeri
17197:Baba-aha-iddina
17157:Nabû-mukin-apli
17143:
17125:
17097:
17069:
17065:Nabu-shum-libur
16996:
16995:
16994:
16982:
16978:Enlil-nadin-ahi
16958:Adad-shuma-usur
16918:Kadashman-Turgu
16860:Kashtiliash III
16780:
16779:
16778:
16766:
16742:Peshgaldaramesh
16692:
16619:
16618:
16617:
16605:
16604:
16599:
16592:
16584:
16576:
16567:
16556:
16555:
16536:
16533:
16503:
16498:
16457:
16411:
16385:
16294:Culture/society
16289:
16182:
16178:Muslim conquest
16148:Fall of Babylon
16079:
15980:
15967:
15851:
15769:
15764:
15734:
15725:
15723:
15705:
15703:
15685:
15683:
15665:
15663:
15645:
15643:
15630:
15625:
15509:10.2307/4199591
15484:
15437:
15435:
15431:
15425:
15414:
15401:
15341:
15287:
15257:
15201:
15143:
15116:10.2307/1359915
15051:
14997:
14989:. Oxbow Books.
14919:
14893:Studies in the
14814:
14795:
14766:
14752:Kosmin, Paul J.
14731:
14681:(21): 213–217.
14662:
14639:
14552:10.2307/1359248
14531:
14505:
14494:
14473:
14427:
14401:
14390:
14371:
14350:
14329:
14308:
14287:
14266:
14227:10.2307/1359421
14184:
14171:
14109:
14087:
14074:
14039:10.2307/3678045
14014:
13995:
13990:
13984:Ellerbrock 2021
13978:
13974:
13968:Ellerbrock 2021
13962:
13958:
13946:
13942:
13936:Ellerbrock 2021
13930:
13923:
13911:
13907:
13901:Ellerbrock 2021
13895:
13891:
13885:Schippmann 1986
13879:
13875:
13869:Ellerbrock 2021
13863:
13859:
13847:
13843:
13837:Ellerbrock 2021
13831:
13822:
13816:Ellerbrock 2021
13810:
13806:
13796:Ellerbrock 2021
13790:
13786:
13780:Ellerbrock 2021
13774:
13770:
13764:Ellerbrock 2021
13758:
13754:
13748:Ellerbrock 2021
13742:
13738:
13726:
13719:
13713:Ellerbrock 2021
13707:
13703:
13697:Ellerbrock 2021
13691:
13687:
13675:
13671:
13665:Ellerbrock 2021
13663:, p. 203;
13655:
13651:
13639:
13632:
13626:Ellerbrock 2021
13620:
13616:
13604:
13600:
13592:, p. 301;
13588:
13584:
13568:
13561:
13553:
13549:
13533:
13529:
13521:
13517:
13509:
13505:
13493:
13486:
13480:Ellerbrock 2021
13474:
13467:
13463:, p. xlii.
13459:
13455:
13447:
13436:
13428:
13424:
13416:
13412:
13404:
13400:
13388:
13384:
13376:, p. 209;
13368:
13364:
13348:
13344:
13332:
13325:
13317:, p. 209;
13309:
13305:
13297:
13290:
13282:, p. 209;
13274:
13270:
13254:
13250:
13234:
13230:
13218:
13214:
13202:
13198:
13190:
13186:
13178:, p. 207;
13170:
13163:
13155:
13151:
13139:
13130:
13122:
13118:
13106:
13099:
13091:
13087:
13079:, p. 204;
13075:, p. xxi;
13071:
13067:
13059:
13055:
13047:
13040:
13032:, p. 117;
13028:, p. 204;
13024:, p. xxi;
13020:
13016:
13008:
12991:
12983:, p. 117;
12979:, p. 204;
12971:
12967:
12959:
12955:
12949:Lendering 1998b
12947:, p. 247;
12943:
12936:
12928:, p. 247;
12924:
12920:
12908:, p. 247;
12904:
12900:
12892:, p. 247;
12888:
12855:
12843:, p. 220;
12835:
12831:
12823:, p. 220;
12815:
12802:
12794:
12790:
12782:
12778:
12770:
12766:
12758:
12751:
12743:
12736:
12728:, p. 195;
12720:
12716:
12708:, p. 195;
12700:
12696:
12688:
12679:
12671:
12667:
12655:
12634:
12626:, p. 195;
12618:
12591:
12583:
12579:
12571:
12567:
12559:
12555:
12547:
12538:
12530:
12526:
12518:
12511:
12503:
12499:
12491:
12484:
12472:
12433:
12425:
12421:
12413:
12409:
12401:
12397:
12385:
12368:
12360:
12356:
12348:, p. 155;
12340:
12336:
12328:
12324:
12316:
12309:
12297:
12274:
12266:
12262:
12254:
12250:
12242:
12238:
12226:
12222:
12214:
12210:
12202:
12198:
12186:
12182:
12174:, p. 126;
12166:
12162:
12154:
12150:
12142:
12138:
12126:
12065:
12057:
12044:
12036:, p. 126;
12028:
12017:
12009:
12005:
11997:
11993:
11985:
11972:
11960:
11933:
11925:
11918:
11910:
11906:
11898:
11891:
11879:
11854:
11846:
11842:
11837:
11833:
11825:
11821:
11813:
11802:
11794:
11781:
11773:
11766:
11758:
11754:
11746:
11742:
11734:
11730:
11722:
11718:
11710:
11706:
11698:
11694:
11686:
11682:
11674:
11670:
11662:
11658:
11650:
11646:
11638:
11634:
11628:Schippmann 1986
11626:
11619:
11611:
11602:
11594:
11590:
11582:
11578:
11570:
11566:
11558:
11554:
11546:
11542:
11534:
11527:
11519:
11512:
11504:
11500:
11492:
11485:
11477:
11473:
11465:
11461:
11453:
11449:
11441:
11437:
11433:, pp. 6–7.
11429:
11425:
11421:, p. xxii.
11417:
11406:
11398:
11394:
11386:
11382:
11374:
11370:
11362:
11358:
11350:
11346:
11342:, pp. 5–8.
11338:
11334:
11326:
11322:
11314:
11305:
11297:
11286:
11278:
11265:
11257:
11250:
11246:, pp. 1–2.
11242:
11238:
11230:
11226:
11218:
11201:
11193:
11189:
11185:, pp. 3–7.
11181:
11177:
11169:
11165:
11157:
11153:
11145:
11134:
11126:
11119:
11111:
11107:
11099:
11095:
11087:
11083:
11075:
11071:
11063:
11056:
11048:
11044:
11036:
11032:
11024:
11020:
11012:
11005:
10997:
10993:
10987:Luckenbill 1924
10985:
10976:
10968:
10961:
10953:
10949:
10941:
10930:
10922:
10918:
10914:
10909:
10908:
10897:
10880:
10870:
10869:
10861:
10857:
10848:
10844:
10839:
10826:
10821:
10814:
10809:
10805:
10800:
10796:
10753:
10749:
10743:
10736:
10731:
10727:
10721:
10717:
10712:
10705:
10700:
10696:
10690:
10681:
10676:
10672:
10666:
10662:
10656:
10652:
10647:
10643:
10638:
10631:
10625:
10618:
10604:
10600:
10594:
10590:
10584:
10580:
10571:
10560:
10542:
10538:
10524:
10520:
10514:Adad-nirari III
10506:
10502:
10493:
10484:
10479:
10470:
10461:
10450:
10438:
10431:
10371:
10367:
10361:
10357:
10351:
10347:
10334:
10325:
10319:
10315:
10309:
10305:
10300:
10296:
10290:
10286:
10280:
10276:
10271:
10267:
10262:
10258:
10253:
10249:
10236:
10232:
10227:
10223:
10212:
10211:
10206:
10202:
10182:
10178:
10172:
10168:
10158:Akkadian period
10155:
10151:
10146:
10127:
10107:
10083:
10059:
10035:
10011:
9987:
9963:
9932:
9899:
9866:
9833:
9800:
9767:
9734:
9701:
9668:
9635:
9602:
9569:
9486:
9453:
9395:
9362:
9331:
9298:
9274:
9261:
9232:
9216:
9188:
9175:
9153:
9140:
9130:
9111:
9104:
9091:
9066:
9050:
9029:
9013:
9003:
8976:
8925:
8921:
8919:Parthian Empire
8915:
8888:
8855:
8846:Alexander Balas
8831:
8818:
8807:
8789:
8782:
8776:
8753:
8746:
8733:
8722:
8696:
8663:
8639:
8626:
8605:
8589:
8556:
8535:
8519:
8486:
8462:
8449:
8428:
8412:
8379:
8360:
8344:
8319:
8303:
8268:
8266:Seleucid Empire
8258:
8231:
8188:
8158:
8145:
8124:
8117:
8104:
8069:
8059:
8044:
8028:
7987:
7948:
7915:
7891:
7875:
7854:
7844:
7831:
7805:
7781:
7762:
7746:
7722:
7709:
7698:
7680:
7673:
7660:
7637:
7630:
7617:
7590:
7583:
7570:
7559:
7545:
7538:
7525:
7514:
7496:
7489:
7476:
7449:
7442:
7429:
7418:
7400:
7393:
7380:
7353:
7346:
7333:
7312:
7305:
7292:
7271:
7264:
7251:
7216:
7206:
7197:
7175:
7168:
7155:
7128:
7121:
7108:
7085:
7078:
7069:Nergal-šar-uṣur
7065:
7038:
7031:
7018:
6995:
6988:
6975:
6952:
6945:
6932:
6881:
6871:
6844:
6811:
6778:
6747:Aššur-bāni-apli
6743:
6732:
6715:
6706:Šamaš-šuma-ukin
6702:
6692:Šamaš-šuma-ukin
6679:
6672:
6663:Aššur-bāni-apli
6659:
6648:
6634:
6627:
6614:
6593:
6577:
6566:
6536:
6526:Mushezib-Marduk
6511:
6505:
6504:
6485:
6456:
6435:
6406:
6400:
6399:
6380:
6351:
6344:
6343:
6325:
6314:
6292:
6270:
6231:
6220:
6204:
6183:
6156:
6135:
6124:
6092:
6069:
6048:
6021:
6004:Nabû-mukin-zēri
6000:
5990:Nabu-mukin-zeri
5943:Adaside dynasty
5935:
5925:Adaside dynasty
5921:
5904:
5878:
5847:Nabû-nādin-zēri
5843:
5833:Nabu-nadin-zeri
5808:
5780:
5771:Nabû-šuma-iškun
5767:
5742:
5733:
5720:
5695:
5679:
5651:Marduk-bēl-zēri
5647:
5637:Marduk-bel-zeri
5615:
5579:Bāba-aḫa-iddina
5575:
5565:Baba-aha-iddina
5547:
5534:
5509:
5500:
5487:
5462:
5453:
5440:
5415:
5406:
5393:
5368:
5352:
5324:
5311:
5286:
5277:
5264:
5239:
5230:
5221:Nabû-mukin-apli
5217:
5207:Nabu-mukin-apli
5169:
5168:
5162:
5141:
5132:
5119:
5072:
5070:Elamite dynasty
5066:
5049:
5040:
5027:
5002:
4993:
4980:
4955:
4946:
4933:
4877:
4860:
4851:
4842:Kaššu-nādin-aḫi
4838:
4813:
4804:
4791:
4766:
4757:
4744:
4698:
4681:
4672:
4663:Nabû-šumu-libūr
4659:
4649:Nabu-shum-libur
4634:
4625:
4612:
4587:
4578:
4565:
4540:
4531:
4518:
4493:
4484:
4471:
4446:
4437:
4424:
4399:
4390:
4377:
4352:
4343:
4330:
4305:
4296:
4283:
4258:
4249:
4236:
4211:
4202:
4189:
4149:dynasty of Isin
4135:
4118:
4109:
4100:Enlil-nādin-aḫe
4096:
4086:Enlil-nadin-ahi
4071:
4062:
4049:
4024:
4015:
4002:
3977:
3968:
3955:
3930:
3921:
3908:
3898:Adad-shuma-usur
3883:
3874:
3861:
3836:
3827:
3814:
3789:
3780:
3767:
3742:
3733:
3720:
3695:
3686:
3673:
3648:
3639:
3626:
3601:
3592:
3579:
3554:
3545:
3532:
3522:Kadashman-Turgu
3507:
3498:
3485:
3460:
3451:
3438:
3413:
3404:
3391:
3366:
3357:
3344:
3319:
3310:
3297:
3287:Burnaburiash II
3272:
3263:
3250:
3218:
3187:
3156:
3124:
3096:
3064:
3054:Kashtiliash III
3033:
3008:
2999:
2986:
2961:
2937:
2905:
2873:
2841:
2809:
2777:
2749:
2743:
2726:
2717:
2704:
2685:Son of Gandash
2679:
2670:
2657:
2632:
2623:
2610:
2564:
2562:Kassite dynasty
2558:
2541:
2532:
2519:
2494:
2485:
2472:
2447:
2438:
2425:
2400:
2391:
2378:
2353:
2344:
2331:
2321:Peshgaldaramesh
2304:
2275:
2244:
2213:
2182:
2157:
2133:
2105:
2092:
2037:
2031:
2014:
2005:
1992:
1967:
1958:
1945:
1920:
1911:
1898:
1873:
1864:
1851:
1826:
1817:
1804:
1779:
1770:
1757:
1732:
1723:
1710:
1685:
1676:
1663:
1638:
1629:
1616:
1591:
1582:
1569:
1544:
1535:
1522:
1468:
1454:
1441:
1428:
1415:
1372:
1359:
1328:
1309:
1300:(Dynasty III),
1298:Kassite dynasty
1287:
1284:Burnaburiash II
1276:
1260:
1259:
1241:
1236:Sasanian Empire
1226:
1208:Pliny the Elder
1178:LUGAL.LUGAL.MEŠ
1177:
1176:
1129:
1126:Parthian Empire
1106:
1089:
1082:
1066:
1049:
1003:
988:
971:
960:
953:Parthian Empire
945:
930:
913:
896:
888:
879:
857:
848:
840:
831:
807:
799:
790:
767:
756:
733:
728:648–627 BC) to
722:
707:
695:
681:
647:
607:
598:Cyrus the Great
590:Akkadian Empire
554:
546:
537:
491:
472:king of Babylon
464:
428:
405:
404:
403:
402:
395:
377:
376:
375:
366:
365:
364:
355:
354:
353:
342:
336:
331:
315:Cyrus the Great
208:king of Babylon
180:
178:
176:
174:
172:
170:
168:
147:
143:
141:
137:
135:
127:
125:
91:
89:
83:
65:
45:
33:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
23562:
23552:
23551:
23546:
23541:
23536:
23519:
23518:
23513:
23512:
23509:
23508:
23505:
23504:
23497:
23474:
23457:
23450:
23427:
23420:
23406:Potts, Timothy
23396:
23382:
23360:
23350:
23349:
23346:
23345:
23335:
23324:
23323:
23316:
23309:
23302:
23298:
23297:
23292:
23287:
23278:
23272:
23271:
23230:
23223:
23219:
23218:
23200:
23179:
23175:
23174:
23169:
23164:
23155:
23149:
23148:
23141:
23137:
23136:
23131:
23126:
23121:
23115:
23114:
23107:
23103:
23102:
23085:
23081:
23080:
22973:
22969:
22968:
22945:
22940:
22935:
22931:
22930:
22925:
22916:
22912:
22911:
22906:
22901:
22889:
22888:
22881:
22880:30 BCE–116 CE
22877:
22876:
22814:Mithridates IV
22796:Mithridates II
22775:
22737:
22732:Aristobulus II
22705:
22701:
22700:
22625:Argead dynasty
22609:
22514:Argead dynasty
22510:
22506:
22505:
22497:
22496:
22476:
22475:
22467:Artaxerxes III
22430:
22428:Kings of Sidon
22417:
22404:
22400:
22399:
22376:
22371:Labashi-Marduk
22350:
22315:
22311:
22310:
22305:
22299:
22298:
22273:Nergal-ushezib
22228:
22209:Black Pharaohs
22191:
22187:
22186:
22154:
22127:Ninurta-apla-X
22088:
22086:Ashur-nirari V
22080:Shalmaneser IV
22070:Shamshi-Adad V
22058:Adad-nirari II
22049:
22039:
21948:
21944:
21943:
21913:
21909:
21908:
21902:
21859:
21842:Shalmaneser II
21830:Ashur-bel-kala
21818:Mutakkil-Nusku
21774:Middle Assyria
21770:
21763:
21738:Kings of Sidon
21721:
21645:
21644:1155–1025 BCE
21641:
21640:
21627:Elamite Empire
21623:
21590:
21589:
21581:Hittite Empire
21577:
21545:
21544:
21529:
21528:
21502:
21491:Meli-Shipak II
21461:Nazi-Maruttash
21425:Burnaburiash I
21404:
21376:
21375:1531–1155 BCE
21372:
21371:
21352:
21307:
21267:
21266:
21213:
21149:
21134:Enlil-Nasir II
21113:Ashur-nirari I
21107:Ishme-Dagan II
21098:Sharma-Adad II
21050:Ashur-apla-idi
21041:1735–1701 BCE)
21020:Ashur-apla-idi
21002:Shamshi-Adad I
20997:1808–1736 BCE)
20982:
20977:Yamhad dynasty
20967:
20965:Kings of Sidon
20944:
20931:
20930:1800–1595 BCE
20927:
20926:
20893:
20892:
20880:
20744:
20734:Puzur-Ashur II
20701:
20644:
20611:
20610:
20605:Mentuhotep III
20574:
20573:
20556:
20551:
20543:
20542:2025-1763 BCE
20539:
20538:
20510:Ur III dynasty
20506:
20487:
20484:
20480:
20479:
20467:
20456:Neferkare VIII
20444:
20440:
20439:
20432:
20431:
20403:
20389:
20387:
20374:
20360:Gutian dynasty
20356:
20332:
20331:
20323:
20318:Nebkaure Khety
20312:Meryibre Khety
20303:
20299:
20298:
20281:
20248:
20246:
20230:
20203:
20202:
20196:
20167:
20157:
20143:Neferkamin Anu
20116:Neferkare Neby
20089:
20085:
20084:
20080:Lugal-ushumgal
20077:
20062:
20058:
20057:
20036:
20017:
20016:
20008:
20006:
20002:
20001:
19987:
19974:
19972:
19968:
19967:
19962:
19953:
19948:
19940:
19927:
19922:
19918:
19917:
19913:Lugalannemundu
19903:
19868:
19864:
19863:
19858:
19844:
19827:
19808:
19799:
19790:
19785:
19769:
19756:
19752:
19751:
19734:
19729:
19725:
19724:
19713:
19704:
19703:
19694:
19685:
19680:Djedkare Isesi
19677:Menkauhor Kaiu
19649:
19645:
19644:
19621:
19604:
19580:
19578:Pabilgagaltuku
19567:
19562:
19548:
19537:Akshak dynasty
19533:
19524:
19476:
19470:
19466:
19465:
19452:
19403:
19399:
19398:
19396:
19377:
19362:Enun-dara-anna
19357:
19356:
19317:
19300:
19285:
19267:
19265:
19243:
19242:
19236:
19189:
19185:
19184:
19170:
19155:
19139:
19138:
19131:
19130:
19119:
19100:
19098:
19095:
19094:
19088:
19084:
19083:
19070:
19069:
19055:
19018:
19011:
19010:
18986:Kullassina-bel
18971:
18963:
18952:
18951:
18945:
18867:
18863:
18862:
18841:
18832:
18827:
18778:Narmer Palette
18760:
18759:3100–2900 BCE
18756:
18755:
18688:
18618:
18617:
18602:
18601:3200–3100 BCE
18598:
18597:
18584:
18552:
18551:
18546:
18540:
18535:
18516:
18515:4000–3200 BCE
18512:
18511:
18506:
18501:
18496:
18490:
18485:
18480:
18470:
18460:
18455:
18450:
18445:
18440:
18427:
18426:
18423:
18422:
18417:Rulers of the
18414:
18413:
18406:
18399:
18391:
18382:
18381:
18379:
18378:
18370:
18367:
18366:
18364:
18363:
18356:
18353:šar māt Šumeri
18346:
18336:
18326:
18323:šar māt Akkadi
18315:
18313:
18309:
18308:
18306:
18305:
18298:
18288:
18277:
18275:
18271:
18270:
18268:
18267:
18260:
18250:
18240:
18229:
18227:
18223:
18222:
18220:
18219:
18212:
18202:
18192:
18181:
18179:
18175:
18174:
18167:
18166:
18159:
18152:
18144:
18135:
18134:
18124:
18121:
18120:
18117:
18116:
18113:
18112:
18109:
18108:
18106:
18105:
18098:
18091:
18084:
18077:
18074:Parthamaspates
18070:
18063:
18056:
18049:
18042:
18035:
18028:
18021:
18014:
18007:
18000:
17993:
17986:
17979:
17972:
17967:
17962:
17955:
17948:
17943:
17936:
17931:
17924:
17921:Mithridates II
17917:
17910:
17903:
17898:
17891:
17884:
17877:
17870:
17862:
17860:
17851:
17839:
17838:
17835:
17834:
17832:
17831:
17824:
17817:
17810:
17803:
17796:
17789:
17782:
17775:
17768:
17761:
17754:
17747:
17740:
17733:
17728:
17721:
17713:
17711:
17705:
17704:
17702:
17701:
17694:
17687:
17680:
17672:
17670:
17661:
17649:
17648:
17645:
17644:
17642:
17641:
17634:
17628:
17621:
17618:Artaxerxes III
17614:
17607:
17600:
17593:
17586:
17579:
17574:
17569:
17562:
17557:
17550:
17545:
17538:
17531:
17523:
17521:
17512:
17504:Persian period
17496:
17495:
17483:
17482:
17479:
17478:
17475:
17474:
17472:
17471:
17466:
17464:Labashi-Marduk
17461:
17456:
17451:
17446:
17440:
17438:
17429:
17417:
17416:
17413:
17412:
17410:
17409:
17402:
17399:Sîn-šumu-līšir
17395:
17388:
17381:
17372:
17365:
17358:
17351:
17346:
17344:Nergal-ushezib
17341:
17332:
17325:
17320:
17315:
17308:
17301:
17296:
17289:
17282:
17276:
17274:
17272:
17271:
17265:
17259:
17247:
17246:
17243:
17242:
17240:
17239:
17234:
17229:
17224:
17219:
17214:
17209:
17204:
17202:Ninurta-apla-X
17199:
17194:
17189:
17184:
17179:
17174:
17169:
17164:
17159:
17153:
17151:
17145:
17144:
17142:
17141:
17135:
17133:
17127:
17126:
17124:
17123:
17118:
17113:
17107:
17105:
17099:
17098:
17096:
17095:
17090:
17085:
17079:
17077:
17071:
17070:
17068:
17067:
17062:
17057:
17052:
17047:
17042:
17037:
17032:
17027:
17022:
17017:
17011:
17009:
17000:
16988:
16987:
16984:
16983:
16981:
16980:
16975:
16970:
16965:
16960:
16955:
16950:
16945:
16940:
16938:Kashtiliash IV
16935:
16930:
16925:
16920:
16915:
16913:Nazi-Maruttash
16910:
16905:
16900:
16895:
16890:
16885:
16880:
16875:
16870:
16867:
16862:
16857:
16852:
16850:Burnaburiash I
16847:
16844:
16839:
16834:
16829:
16824:
16822:Kashtiliash II
16819:
16814:
16811:
16806:
16801:
16795:
16793:
16784:
16781:(1729–1157 BC)
16776:Kassite period
16772:
16771:
16768:
16767:
16765:
16764:
16759:
16754:
16749:
16744:
16739:
16736:
16731:
16726:
16721:
16716:
16713:
16708:
16702:
16700:
16694:
16693:
16691:
16690:
16685:
16680:
16675:
16670:
16665:
16660:
16655:
16650:
16645:
16640:
16634:
16632:
16623:
16620:(1894–1595 BC)
16611:
16610:
16607:
16606:
16603:
16602:
16597:
16590:
16580:
16579:
16577:
16574:
16568:
16565:
16558:
16557:
16554:
16553:
16548:
16542:
16541:
16538:
16537:
16532:
16531:
16524:
16517:
16509:
16500:
16499:
16497:
16496:
16491:
16486:
16481:
16476:
16474:Assyriologists
16471:
16465:
16463:
16459:
16458:
16456:
16455:
16450:
16445:
16440:
16435:
16430:
16425:
16419:
16417:
16413:
16412:
16410:
16409:
16404:
16399:
16393:
16391:
16387:
16386:
16384:
16383:
16381:List of rulers
16378:
16373:
16368:
16363:
16358:
16353:
16348:
16343:
16338:
16333:
16328:
16323:
16318:
16313:
16308:
16303:
16297:
16295:
16291:
16290:
16288:
16287:
16282:
16277:
16272:
16270:Proto-Armenian
16267:
16262:
16257:
16255:Middle Persian
16252:
16247:
16242:
16237:
16232:
16227:
16222:
16217:
16212:
16207:
16202:
16196:
16194:
16188:
16187:
16184:
16183:
16181:
16180:
16175:
16170:
16165:
16160:
16155:
16150:
16145:
16143:Neo-Babylonian
16140:
16135:
16130:
16125:
16123:Old Babylonian
16120:
16115:
16110:
16105:
16100:
16095:
16093:Early Dynastic
16089:
16087:
16081:
16080:
16078:
16077:
16072:
16067:
16062:
16057:
16052:
16043:
16038:
16033:
16028:
16023:
16018:
16013:
16008:
16003:
15997:
15995:
15986:
15982:
15981:
15974:
15972:
15969:
15968:
15966:
15965:
15960:
15955:
15950:
15945:
15940:
15935:
15930:
15925:
15920:
15915:
15910:
15905:
15900:
15895:
15890:
15885:
15880:
15875:
15870:
15865:
15859:
15857:
15853:
15852:
15850:
15849:
15844:
15839:
15834:
15833:
15832:
15827:
15817:
15812:
15807:
15802:
15797:
15792:
15786:
15784:
15777:
15771:
15770:
15763:
15762:
15755:
15748:
15740:
15733:
15732:
15712:
15692:
15672:
15652:
15631:
15629:
15626:
15624:
15623:
15590:
15565:
15529:
15503:(2): 202–212.
15488:
15482:
15462:
15443:
15423:
15405:
15400:978-3110417005
15399:
15393:. De Gruyter.
15382:
15373:
15356:
15345:
15340:978-3161529351
15339:
15324:
15291:
15286:978-2503517407
15285:
15270:
15250:
15222:10.2307/631888
15205:
15200:978-0521766418
15199:
15184:
15173:
15156:
15136:
15110:(2): 199–216.
15099:
15064:
15042:
15022:10.1086/361976
15001:
14995:
14981:
14971:(2): 297–318.
14956:
14923:
14918:978-0884140894
14917:
14904:
14887:
14870:
14851:
14839:10.2307/594682
14833:(4): 197–214.
14818:
14813:978-0810846494
14812:
14799:
14794:978-1315652085
14793:
14778:
14765:978-0199668885
14764:
14748:
14724:
14706:(2): 182–194.
14691:
14666:
14661:978-9042924703
14660:
14643:
14638:978-9004397767
14637:
14622:
14597:
14572:
14535:
14530:978-9004094413
14529:
14514:
14498:
14492:
14477:
14472:978-3868351019
14471:
14454:
14431:
14426:978-0367481902
14425:
14410:
14394:
14389:978-1614515876
14388:
14375:
14370:978-0199875757
14369:
14354:
14349:978-9004091726
14348:
14333:
14328:978-0199875757
14327:
14312:
14307:978-9004430914
14306:
14291:
14285:
14270:
14265:978-1845535872
14264:
14247:
14208:
14189:
14175:
14170:978-1501516399
14169:
14154:
14142:10.1086/659092
14134:10.1086/659092
14113:
14108:978-9042914490
14107:
14092:
14078:
14072:
14059:
14018:
14013:978-1405188999
14012:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13989:
13988:
13982:, p. 14;
13972:
13966:, p. 14;
13956:
13952:Patterson 2013
13950:, p. 14;
13940:
13934:, p. 14;
13921:
13919:, p. 176.
13915:, p. 14;
13905:
13899:, p. 14;
13889:
13873:
13857:
13841:
13820:
13804:
13802:, p. 391.
13798:, p. 48;
13784:
13768:
13752:
13736:
13734:, p. 235.
13717:
13701:
13685:
13683:, p. 203.
13669:
13649:
13647:, p. 202.
13630:
13614:
13612:, p. 391.
13598:
13582:
13580:, p. 123.
13559:
13557:, p. 111.
13547:
13545:, p. 123.
13527:
13525:, p. 230.
13515:
13503:
13501:, p. 123.
13484:
13465:
13453:
13434:
13422:
13410:
13398:
13396:, p. 209.
13382:
13362:
13360:, p. 209.
13342:
13323:
13303:
13288:
13268:
13266:, p. 110.
13248:
13228:
13226:, p. 208.
13212:
13210:, p. 207.
13196:
13194:, p. 207.
13184:
13161:
13149:
13147:, p. 206.
13128:
13126:, p. 206.
13116:
13114:, p. 205.
13097:
13085:
13065:
13063:, p. 204.
13053:
13038:
13014:
13012:, p. xxi.
12989:
12965:
12961:Lendering 2004
12953:
12934:
12930:Lendering 1998
12918:
12910:Lendering 2001
12898:
12853:
12851:, p. 244.
12829:
12800:
12798:, p. 137.
12788:
12786:, p. 183.
12776:
12774:, p. 223.
12764:
12762:, p. 217.
12749:
12745:Lendering 2005
12734:
12732:, p. 135.
12714:
12712:, p. 166.
12694:
12692:, p. 206.
12677:
12665:
12663:, p. 195.
12632:
12589:
12577:
12565:
12563:, p. 186.
12553:
12536:
12534:, p. 185.
12524:
12509:
12507:, p. 184.
12497:
12495:, p. 180.
12482:
12480:, p. 178.
12431:
12419:
12417:, p. 178.
12407:
12405:, p. 177.
12395:
12366:
12364:, p. 146.
12354:
12352:, p. 136.
12334:
12332:, p. 119.
12322:
12307:
12305:, p. 155.
12272:
12260:
12248:
12236:
12220:
12218:, p. 133.
12208:
12206:, p. 132.
12196:
12194:, p. 126.
12180:
12178:, p. 142.
12160:
12158:, p. 126.
12148:
12136:
12134:, p. 126.
12063:
12061:, p. 128.
12042:
12015:
12003:
11991:
11970:
11931:
11929:, p. 129.
11916:
11904:
11902:, p. 131.
11889:
11852:
11840:
11831:
11819:
11800:
11779:
11764:
11752:
11750:, p. 137.
11740:
11728:
11716:
11704:
11692:
11680:
11668:
11656:
11654:, p. 144.
11644:
11632:
11617:
11600:
11588:
11586:, p. 276.
11576:
11574:, p. 272.
11564:
11562:, p. 187.
11552:
11550:, p. 451.
11540:
11525:
11523:, p. 449.
11510:
11508:, p. 297.
11498:
11496:, p. 192.
11483:
11471:
11469:, p. 204.
11459:
11447:
11435:
11423:
11404:
11392:
11390:, p. 201.
11380:
11368:
11366:, p. 209.
11356:
11354:, p. 202.
11344:
11332:
11320:
11303:
11284:
11263:
11248:
11236:
11234:, p. 210.
11224:
11199:
11197:, p. 208.
11187:
11175:
11163:
11151:
11147:Dandamaev 1989
11132:
11117:
11115:, p. 199.
11105:
11093:
11081:
11069:
11054:
11042:
11030:
11018:
11003:
11001:, p. 260.
10991:
10974:
10959:
10947:
10928:
10926:, p. 168.
10915:
10913:
10910:
10907:
10906:
10878:
10855:
10842:
10824:
10812:
10803:
10794:
10747:
10734:
10725:
10715:
10703:
10694:
10679:
10670:
10660:
10650:
10641:
10629:
10616:
10598:
10588:
10578:
10558:
10536:
10518:
10509:Shamshi-Adad V
10500:
10496:Shamshi-Adad V
10482:
10468:
10448:
10441:Adad-nirari II
10429:
10365:
10355:
10345:
10323:
10313:
10303:
10294:
10284:
10274:
10265:
10256:
10247:
10230:
10221:
10219:other sources.
10200:
10176:
10166:
10148:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10134:
10126:
10123:
10120:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10111:
10108:
10104:
10096:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10087:
10084:
10080:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10063:
10060:
10056:
10048:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10039:
10036:
10032:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10015:
10012:
10008:
10005:Parthamaspates
10000:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9991:
9988:
9984:
9976:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9967:
9964:
9960:
9952:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9943:
9940:
9925:
9919:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9910:
9907:
9892:
9886:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9877:
9874:
9859:
9853:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9844:
9841:
9826:
9820:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9811:
9808:
9793:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9778:
9775:
9760:
9754:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9727:
9721:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9712:
9709:
9694:
9688:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9679:
9676:
9661:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9646:
9643:
9628:
9622:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9613:
9610:
9595:
9589:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9580:
9577:
9562:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9547:
9544:
9535:
9531:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9522:
9519:
9510:
9506:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9497:
9494:
9479:
9473:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9464:
9461:
9446:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9431:
9428:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9406:
9403:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9373:
9370:
9355:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9342:
9339:
9324:
9318:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9309:
9306:
9291:
9289:Mithridates II
9285:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9276:
9269:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9241:
9234:
9227:
9224:
9209:
9203:
9202:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9190:
9183:
9168:
9164:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9155:
9148:
9133:
9131:(Second reign)
9123:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9106:
9099:
9084:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9061:
9058:
9043:
9037:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9024:
9021:
9006:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8987:
8984:
8969:
8963:
8962:
8959:
8956:
8955:Reigned until
8953:
8950:
8947:
8941:
8940:
8914:
8911:
8908:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8899:
8896:
8881:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8866:
8863:
8848:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8833:
8826:
8811:
8809:(Second reign)
8801:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8784:
8777:
8773:
8765:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8726:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8707:
8704:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8674:
8671:
8656:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8641:
8634:
8619:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8600:
8597:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8567:
8564:
8549:
8543:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8530:
8527:
8512:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8497:
8494:
8479:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8464:
8457:
8442:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8423:
8420:
8405:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8390:
8387:
8372:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8355:
8352:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8321:
8314:
8311:
8296:
8290:
8289:
8286:
8283:
8282:Reigned until
8280:
8277:
8274:
8257:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8242:
8239:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8202:
8199:
8196:
8181:
8173:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8153:
8138:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8119:
8112:
8097:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8083:Reigned until
8081:
8078:
8075:
8063:Argead dynasty
8058:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8039:
8036:
8021:
8015:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8005:Uruk King List
8001:
7998:
7995:
7980:
7972:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7959:
7956:
7941:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7926:
7923:
7908:
7906:Artaxerxes III
7902:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7893:
7883:
7868:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7846:
7839:
7824:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7802:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7785:
7782:
7778:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7757:
7754:
7739:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7717:
7702:
7700:(Second reign)
7692:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7675:
7668:
7653:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7632:
7625:
7610:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7585:
7578:
7563:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7540:
7533:
7518:
7516:(Second reign)
7508:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7469:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7444:
7437:
7422:
7412:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7395:
7388:
7373:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7348:
7341:
7326:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7307:
7300:
7285:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7266:
7259:
7244:
7238:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7230:Reigned until
7228:
7225:
7222:
7205:
7202:
7196:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7177:
7170:
7163:
7148:
7140:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7123:
7116:
7101:
7098:Labashi-Marduk
7093:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7080:
7073:
7058:
7050:
7049:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7011:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6990:
6983:
6968:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6947:
6943:22/23 November
6940:
6936:Nabû-apla-uṣur
6925:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6909:Reigned until
6907:
6904:
6901:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6819:
6815:Sîn-šumu-līšir
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6771:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6736:
6734:(Second reign)
6726:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6710:
6695:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6652:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6588:
6585:
6581:Sîn-ahhe-erība
6570:
6568:(Second reign)
6560:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6540:Mušezib-Marduk
6529:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:'Dynasty of E'
6499:
6496:
6493:
6478:
6475:Nergal-ushezib
6470:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6428:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:'Dynasty of E'
6394:
6391:
6388:
6373:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6318:
6316:(Second reign)
6306:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6263:
6255:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6235:Sîn-ahhe-erība
6224:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6128:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6096:Salmānu-ašarēd
6085:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6014:
6011:
6008:
5993:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5971:
5970:Reigned until
5968:
5965:
5962:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5882:Nabû-šuma-ukin
5871:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5836:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5801:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5775:
5760:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5737:
5728:
5713:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5690:
5687:
5672:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5640:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5608:
5605:Ninurta-apla-X
5600:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5568:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5542:
5527:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5504:
5495:
5480:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5457:
5448:
5433:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5410:
5401:
5397:Nabû-šuma-ukin
5386:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5363:
5360:
5356:Šamaš-mudammiq
5345:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5319:
5304:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5281:
5272:
5257:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5234:
5225:
5210:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5194:Reigned until
5192:
5189:
5186:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5145:
5136:
5127:
5112:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5096:Reigned until
5094:
5091:
5088:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5044:
5035:
5020:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5006:
4997:
4988:
4973:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4950:
4941:
4926:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4910:Reigned until
4908:
4905:
4902:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4855:
4846:
4831:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4808:
4799:
4784:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4761:
4752:
4737:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4721:Reigned until
4719:
4716:
4713:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4676:
4667:
4652:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4605:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4558:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4535:
4526:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4488:
4479:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4417:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4394:
4385:
4370:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4347:
4338:
4323:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4276:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4229:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4206:
4197:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4166:Reigned until
4164:
4161:
4158:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4113:
4104:
4089:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4066:
4057:
4042:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4019:
4010:
3995:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3972:
3963:
3948:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3925:
3916:
3912:Adad-šuma-uṣur
3901:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3831:
3822:
3818:Kadašman-Ḫarbe
3807:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3784:
3775:
3760:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3713:
3710:Kashtiliash IV
3705:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3596:
3587:
3583:Kadašman-Enlil
3572:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3536:Kadašman-Turgu
3525:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3478:
3475:Nazi-Maruttash
3470:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3455:
3446:
3431:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3408:
3399:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3290:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3254:Kadašman-Enlil
3243:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3211:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3191:Kadašman-Ḫarbe
3180:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3117:
3116:Kadashman-Sah
3113:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3089:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3026:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2979:
2976:Burnaburiash I
2971:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2802:
2799:Kashtiliash II
2794:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2770:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:Son of Agum I
2730:
2721:
2712:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2587:Reigned until
2585:
2582:
2579:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2371:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2100:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:Reigned until
2067:
2064:
2061:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:Son of Sabium
1689:
1680:
1671:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1499:Reigned until
1497:
1494:
1491:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1447:
1434:
1421:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1379:
1378:
1365:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1275:
1272:
1018:(539–331 BC),
987:
984:
979:
978:
920:
906:Uruk King List
903:
861:
821:
815:
715:Uruk King List
706:
703:
646:
643:
606:
603:
602:
601:
561:
516:
379:
378:
369:
368:
367:
358:
357:
356:
347:
346:
345:
344:
343:
335:
332:
330:
327:
202:
201:
200:
199:
196:
193:
187:
183:
182:
165:
161:
160:
154:
150:
149:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:
79:
71:
70:
67:
66:
60:
52:
51:
37:
36:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
23561:
23550:
23547:
23545:
23542:
23540:
23537:
23535:
23532:
23531:
23529:
23500:
23494:
23490:
23489:
23484:
23478:
23472:
23466:
23464:
23462:
23453:
23447:
23443:
23442:
23437:
23436:Roux, Georges
23431:
23423:
23417:
23413:
23412:
23407:
23400:
23392:
23386:
23378:
23374:
23370:
23364:
23355:
23351:
23347:
23344:
23340:
23334:
23330:
23325:
23322:
23321:
23315:
23314:
23308:
23307:
23300:
23299:
23296:
23291:
23286:
23282:
23277:
23273:
23270:
23267:
23264:
23263:Yazdegerd III
23261:
23258:
23255:
23252:
23249:
23246:
23243:
23240:
23237:
23234:
23229:
23228:
23220:
23217:
23214:
23210:
23206:
23205:
23199:
23196:
23195:Sahralanyozan
23193:
23189:
23184:
23177:
23176:
23173:
23168:
23163:
23159:
23154:
23150:
23147:
23146:
23138:
23135:
23130:
23125:
23120:
23116:
23113:
23112:
23104:
23101:
23098:
23095:
23091:
23090:
23083:
23082:
23079:
23076:
23073:
23070:
23067:
23064:
23061:
23058:
23055:
23052:
23049:
23046:
23043:
23040:
23037:
23034:
23031:
23028:
23025:
23022:
23019:
23016:
23013:
23010:
23007:
23004:
23001:
22998:
22995:
22988:
22983:
22979:
22978:
22971:
22970:
22967:
22964:
22961:
22958:
22955:
22952:
22951:Mithridates V
22949:
22948:Sinatruces II
22944:
22939:
22933:
22932:
22929:
22924:
22920:
22913:
22910:
22905:
22900:
22895:
22890:
22887:
22886:
22878:
22875:
22872:
22871:Artabanus III
22869:
22866:
22863:
22860:
22857:
22854:
22851:
22848:
22845:
22842:
22841:Tiridates III
22839:
22836:
22833:
22830:
22827:
22824:
22821:
22818:
22815:
22812:
22809:
22806:
22803:
22800:
22797:
22794:
22791:
22788:
22785:
22784:Mithridates I
22781:
22780:
22774:
22771:
22768:
22765:
22762:
22759:
22756:
22753:
22750:
22747:
22744:
22741:
22736:
22733:
22730:
22727:
22724:
22721:
22720:Aristobulus I
22718:
22717:John Hyrcanus
22715:
22711:
22710:
22703:
22702:
22699:
22696:
22693:
22690:
22687:
22686:Alexander III
22684:
22681:
22678:
22675:
22672:
22671:Antiochus III
22669:
22666:
22663:
22660:
22657:
22653:
22652:
22647:
22643:
22642:
22637:
22634:
22631:
22630:Alexander III
22627:
22626:
22618:
22613:
22608:
22605:
22602:
22599:
22596:
22593:
22590:
22587:
22584:
22581:
22578:
22575:
22572:
22569:
22566:
22565:Cleopatra III
22563:
22560:
22557:
22554:
22551:
22548:
22545:
22542:
22539:
22536:
22533:
22530:
22527:
22524:
22520:
22519:
22515:
22508:
22507:
22504:
22503:
22498:
22495:
22494:
22489:
22488:
22483:
22482:
22477:
22474:
22471:
22470:Artaxerxes IV
22468:
22465:
22464:Artaxerxes II
22462:
22459:
22456:
22453:
22450:
22447:
22443:
22442:
22435:
22429:
22425:
22424:Kings of Tyre
22421:
22415:
22410:
22409:
22401:
22398:
22395:
22392:
22389:
22386:
22382:
22381:
22380:Median Empire
22375:
22372:
22369:
22366:
22363:
22360:
22356:
22355:
22349:
22346:
22343:
22340:
22337:
22334:
22331:
22327:
22326:
22321:
22320:
22313:
22312:
22309:
22304:
22300:
22297:
22295:
22292:
22289:
22288:Sinsharishkun
22286:
22283:
22280:
22277:
22274:
22271:
22268:
22265:
22262:
22259:
22256:
22253:
22250:
22247:
22243:
22241:
22234:
22233:
22227:
22224:
22221:
22218:
22215:
22210:
22202:
22197:
22196:
22188:
22185:
22181:
22177:
22173:
22169:
22165:
22160:
22159:
22152:
22149:
22146:
22143:
22140:
22137:
22134:
22131:
22128:
22125:(five kings)
22124:
22121:
22118:
22115:
22112:
22109:
22106:
22103:
22099:
22093:
22087:
22084:
22083:Ashur-Dan III
22081:
22078:
22074:
22071:
22068:
22065:
22062:
22059:
22055:
22054:
22048:
22043:
22038:
22037:
22034:
22030:
22029:
22023:
22020:
22017:
22014:
22011:
22008:
22005:
22002:
21998:
21997:
21990:
21987:
21986:
21982:
21979:
21976:
21973:
21970:
21967:
21964:
21961:
21958:
21954:
21953:
21946:
21945:
21942:
21939:
21936:
21933:
21930:
21927:
21924:
21923:Ea-mukin-zeri
21921:
21920:Simbar-shipak
21917:
21912:1025–934 BCE
21911:
21910:
21906:
21901:
21898:
21895:
21892:
21889:
21886:
21883:
21880:
21877:
21874:
21871:
21867:
21865:
21858:
21855:
21852:
21849:
21848:Ashur-rabi II
21846:
21843:
21840:
21837:
21834:
21833:Eriba-Adad II
21831:
21828:
21825:
21822:
21819:
21816:
21813:
21810:
21807:
21804:
21801:
21798:
21795:
21794:Shalmaneser I
21792:
21791:Adad-nirari I
21789:
21786:
21783:
21780:
21776:
21775:
21769:
21768:
21762:
21758:
21754:
21750:
21746:
21745:
21739:
21735:
21734:Kings of Tyre
21731:
21727:
21726:
21720:
21719:
21716:
21713:
21710:
21707:
21704:
21701:
21697:
21696:
21690:
21689:
21683:
21680:
21677:
21674:
21673:Ramesses VIII
21671:
21668:
21665:
21662:
21659:
21656:
21651:
21650:
21643:
21642:
21639:
21635:
21634:
21629:
21628:
21622:
21619:
21616:
21613:
21610:
21607:
21604:
21601:
21597:
21596:
21591:
21588:
21583:
21582:
21576:
21573:
21570:
21567:
21564:
21563:
21559:
21556:
21555:Amenhotep III
21553:
21550:
21546:
21543:
21540:
21537:
21534:
21530:
21527:
21524:
21520:
21519:
21514:
21513:
21506:
21501:
21498:
21495:
21492:
21489:
21486:
21483:
21480:
21477:
21474:
21471:
21468:
21465:
21462:
21459:
21456:
21453:
21450:
21447:
21444:
21441:
21438:
21435:
21432:
21429:
21426:
21423:
21419:
21417:
21409:
21403:
21400:
21396:
21395:
21390:
21389:
21381:
21373:
21370:
21367:
21364:
21358:
21357:
21351:
21348:
21345:
21342:
21339:
21338:
21334:
21333:
21324:
21318:
21313:
21312:
21306:
21305:
21301:
21300:
21295:
21291:
21290:
21285:
21281:
21280:
21275:
21274:
21268:
21265:
21262:
21261:Melamkurkurra
21259:
21255:
21254:Ayadaragalama
21252:
21249:
21245:
21242:
21239:
21235:
21232:
21231:Itti-ili-nibi
21229:
21225:
21223:
21212:
21207:
21204:
21201:
21198:
21195:
21192:
21189:
21186:
21183:
21180:
21177:
21174:
21170:
21168:
21161:
21154:
21148:
21147:
21144:
21141:
21138:
21135:
21132:
21129:
21126:
21125:Ashur-shaduni
21123:
21120:
21119:Enlil-nasir I
21117:
21114:
21111:
21108:
21105:
21102:
21099:
21096:
21093:
21090:
21087:
21084:
21083:Sharma-Adad I
21081:
21078:
21074:1700–722 BCE)
21072:
21066:
21063:
21060:
21057:
21054:
21051:
21048:
21045:
21036:
21033:
21030:
21027:
21024:
21021:
21018:
21015:
21012:
21009:
21006:
21005:Ishme-Dagan I
21003:
20994:
20988:
20987:
20978:
20973:
20972:
20966:
20962:
20961:Kings of Tyre
20958:
20953:
20948:
20943:
20942:
20937:
20936:
20928:
20925:
20922:
20919:
20918:Amenemhat III
20916:
20913:
20910:
20907:
20904:
20900:
20899:
20894:
20891:
20886:
20885:
20878:
20874:
20870:
20866:
20862:
20859:
20856:
20853:
20850:
20847:
20844:
20841:
20838:
20835:
20832:
20829:
20826:
20823:
20819:
20815:
20812:
20809:
20806:
20803:
20800:
20797:
20794:
20791:
20788:
20785:
20782:
20779:
20776:
20773:
20769:
20768:
20761:
20755:
20750:
20749:
20743:
20739:
20735:
20731:
20727:
20723:
20719:
20715:
20711:
20710:Puzur-Ashur I
20707:
20706:
20699:
20695:
20692:
20689:
20686:
20681:
20676:
20675:
20669:
20661:
20657:
20652:
20649:
20643:
20640:
20635:
20630:
20625:
20620:
20617:
20616:Third Eblaite
20612:
20609:
20608:Mentuhotep IV
20606:
20603:
20602:Mentuhotep II
20600:
20597:
20594:
20591:
20587:
20586:
20581:
20580:
20575:
20571:
20567:
20563:
20561:
20555:
20550:
20548:
20540:
20537:
20534:
20531:
20528:
20523:
20518:
20512:
20511:
20503:
20499:
20495:
20491:
20482:
20481:
20478:
20474:
20472:
20466:
20463:
20460:
20459:Wahkare Khety
20457:
20454:
20450:
20449:
20442:
20441:
20438:
20433:
20430:
20426:
20422:
20415:
20411:
20407:
20400:
20396:
20394:
20386:
20382:
20378:
20373:
20369:
20362:
20361:
20355:
20351:
20346:
20341:
20337:
20333:
20330:
20328:
20327:Ur III period
20322:
20319:
20316:
20315:Neferkare VII
20313:
20309:
20308:
20300:
20297:
20293:
20289:
20285:
20279:
20275:
20271:
20267:
20263:
20262:Ur-Ningirsu I
20259:
20255:
20253:
20245:
20241:
20237:
20235:
20229:
20225:
20220:
20216:
20212:
20208:
20204:
20201:
20193:
20189:
20185:
20178:
20173:
20172:
20166:
20163:
20156:
20153:
20150:
20147:
20144:
20141:
20138:
20135:
20132:
20129:
20126:
20123:
20120:
20117:
20114:
20111:
20107:
20106:
20101:
20100:
20095:
20094:
20086:
20081:
20075:
20070:
20066:
20060:
20059:
20056:
20052:
20048:
20044:
20040:
20035:
20032:
20029:
20024:
20023:
20018:
20015:
20013:
20007:
20003:
19998:
19994:
19992:
19986:
19982:
19978:
19975:
19973:
19970:
19969:
19966:
19961:
19957:
19952:
19945:
19939:
19935:
19931:
19926:
19920:
19919:
19914:
19910:
19908:
19901:
19896:
19893:
19890:
19887:
19884:
19881:
19878:
19874:
19873:
19866:
19865:
19862:
19859:
19857:
19851:
19849:
19845:
19843:
19839:
19835:
19831:
19828:
19825:
19820:
19816:
19812:
19809:
19807:
19803:
19800:
19798:
19797:Lugal-kisalsi
19794:
19791:
19789:
19786:
19784:
19780:
19776:
19774:
19770:
19768:
19764:
19760:
19757:
19754:
19753:
19747:
19742:
19738:
19733:
19730:
19727:
19726:
19723:
19719:
19709:
19706:
19705:
19702:
19698:
19693:
19689:
19684:
19681:
19678:
19675:
19672:
19669:
19666:
19663:
19660:
19655:
19654:
19646:
19643:
19639:
19635:
19631:
19627:
19626:
19620:
19616:
19612:
19608:
19603:
19597:
19592:
19587:
19585:
19579:
19574:
19572:
19566:
19561:
19555:
19553:
19547:
19543:
19539:
19538:
19532:
19528:
19523:
19519:
19515:
19511:
19507:
19503:
19496:
19491:
19487:
19482:
19481:
19474:
19468:
19467:
19462:
19458:
19457:
19451:
19450:
19446:
19443:
19440:
19439:
19435:
19432:
19427:
19422:
19419:
19415:
19414:
19409:
19408:
19401:
19400:
19395:
19391:
19387:
19383:
19382:
19376:
19375:
19371:
19367:
19363:
19358:
19355:
19350:
19345:
19340:
19335:
19331:
19327:
19323:
19322:
19316:
19310:
19306:
19305:
19299:
19298:
19294:
19290:
19284:
19280:
19274:
19272:
19264:
19260:
19256:
19252:
19248:
19244:
19240:
19235:
19232:
19231:
19227:
19224:
19223:
19219:
19216:
19211:
19205:
19200:
19195:
19194:
19186:
19183:
19176:
19175:
19168:
19163:
19159:
19153:
19148:
19144:
19140:
19136:
19132:
19129:
19128:
19124:
19118:
19117:
19113:
19109:
19105:
19096:
19092:
19085:
19082:
19080:
19076:
19071:
19068:
19067:
19062:
19060:
19054:
19053:
19050:
19046:
19043:
19039:
19036:
19033:
19029:
19026:
19023:
19017:
19012:
19009:
19008:
19004:
19000:
18996:
18991:
18990:Nangishlishma
18987:
18983:
18978:
18976:
18969:
18968:
18961:
18958:
18957:First Eblaite
18953:
18949:
18943:
18938:
18935:
18934:
18930:
18929:
18925:
18924:
18920:
18917:
18916:Seth-Peribsen
18914:
18913:
18909:
18908:
18904:
18903:
18899:
18898:
18894:
18893:
18889:
18888:
18884:
18881:
18878:
18877:Hotepsekhemwy
18873:
18872:
18864:
18858:
18853:
18852:
18847:
18846:
18845:Proto-Elamite
18838:
18837:
18831:
18826:
18825:
18821:
18820:
18816:
18813:
18810:
18807:
18803:
18800:
18797:
18794:
18790:
18787:
18784:
18776:
18772:
18771:
18766:
18765:
18757:
18753:
18752:
18748:
18747:Double Falcon
18745:
18744:
18740:
18739:
18735:
18734:
18730:
18729:
18725:
18724:
18720:
18719:
18715:
18714:
18710:
18709:
18705:
18704:
18700:
18699:
18694:
18693:
18687:
18683:
18680:
18679:
18675:
18672:
18669:
18668:
18664:
18663:
18659:
18658:
18654:
18653:
18649:
18648:
18644:
18641:
18640:
18636:
18635:
18631:
18630:
18625:
18624:
18619:
18613:
18608:
18607:
18599:
18593:
18588:
18580:
18574:
18568:
18560:
18559:
18553:
18550:
18544:
18539:
18533:
18528:
18527:
18522:
18521:
18513:
18510:
18507:
18505:
18502:
18500:
18497:
18494:
18491:
18489:
18486:
18484:
18481:
18479:
18474:
18471:
18469:
18464:
18461:
18459:
18456:
18454:
18451:
18449:
18446:
18444:
18435:
18434:
18431:
18430:
18424:
18420:
18412:
18407:
18405:
18400:
18398:
18393:
18392:
18389:
18376:
18372:
18371:
18368:
18362:
18361:
18357:
18354:
18350:
18349:King of Sumer
18347:
18344:
18340:
18337:
18334:
18333:šar māt Aššur
18330:
18327:
18324:
18320:
18319:King of Akkad
18317:
18316:
18314:
18310:
18304:
18303:
18299:
18296:
18295:šarrum dannum
18292:
18289:
18286:
18282:
18279:
18278:
18276:
18272:
18266:
18265:
18261:
18258:
18254:
18251:
18248:
18244:
18241:
18238:
18234:
18233:King of Kings
18231:
18230:
18228:
18224:
18218:
18217:
18213:
18210:
18206:
18203:
18200:
18196:
18193:
18190:
18186:
18183:
18182:
18180:
18176:
18172:
18165:
18160:
18158:
18153:
18151:
18146:
18145:
18142:
18132:
18122:
18104:
18103:
18099:
18097:
18096:
18092:
18090:
18089:
18085:
18083:
18082:
18078:
18076:
18075:
18071:
18069:
18068:
18067:Vologases III
18064:
18062:
18061:
18057:
18055:
18054:
18053:Artabanus III
18050:
18048:
18047:
18043:
18041:
18040:
18036:
18034:
18033:
18029:
18027:
18026:
18022:
18020:
18019:
18015:
18013:
18012:
18008:
18006:
18005:
18001:
17999:
17998:
17994:
17992:
17991:
17987:
17985:
17984:
17980:
17978:
17977:
17973:
17971:
17968:
17966:
17963:
17961:
17960:
17956:
17954:
17953:
17949:
17947:
17944:
17942:
17941:
17937:
17935:
17932:
17930:
17929:
17925:
17923:
17922:
17918:
17916:
17915:
17911:
17909:
17908:
17904:
17902:
17899:
17897:
17896:
17892:
17890:
17889:
17885:
17883:
17882:
17878:
17876:
17875:
17871:
17869:
17868:
17867:Mithridates I
17864:
17863:
17861:
17859:
17855:
17852:
17844:
17840:
17830:
17829:
17825:
17823:
17822:
17818:
17816:
17815:
17811:
17809:
17808:
17804:
17802:
17801:
17797:
17795:
17794:
17790:
17788:
17787:
17783:
17781:
17780:
17776:
17774:
17773:
17769:
17767:
17766:
17762:
17760:
17759:
17755:
17753:
17752:
17748:
17746:
17745:
17741:
17739:
17738:
17734:
17732:
17729:
17727:
17726:
17722:
17720:
17719:
17715:
17714:
17712:
17710:
17706:
17700:
17699:
17695:
17693:
17692:
17688:
17686:
17685:
17681:
17679:
17678:
17677:Alexander III
17674:
17673:
17671:
17669:
17665:
17662:
17654:
17650:
17640:
17639:
17635:
17632:
17629:
17627:
17626:
17625:Artaxerxes IV
17622:
17620:
17619:
17615:
17613:
17612:
17611:Artaxerxes II
17608:
17606:
17605:
17601:
17599:
17598:
17594:
17592:
17591:
17587:
17585:
17584:
17580:
17578:
17575:
17573:
17572:Shamash-eriba
17570:
17568:
17567:
17563:
17561:
17558:
17556:
17555:
17551:
17549:
17546:
17544:
17543:
17539:
17537:
17536:
17532:
17530:
17529:
17525:
17524:
17522:
17520:
17516:
17513:
17505:
17501:
17497:
17488:
17484:
17470:
17467:
17465:
17462:
17460:
17457:
17455:
17452:
17450:
17447:
17445:
17442:
17441:
17439:
17437:
17433:
17430:
17422:
17418:
17408:
17407:
17406:Sinsharishkun
17403:
17401:
17400:
17396:
17394:
17393:
17389:
17387:
17386:
17382:
17380:
17379:
17378:
17373:
17371:
17370:
17366:
17364:
17363:
17359:
17357:
17356:
17352:
17350:
17347:
17345:
17342:
17340:
17339:
17338:
17333:
17331:
17330:
17326:
17324:
17321:
17319:
17316:
17314:
17313:
17309:
17307:
17306:
17302:
17300:
17297:
17295:
17294:
17293:Shalmaneser V
17290:
17288:
17287:
17283:
17281:
17278:
17277:
17275:
17270:
17267:
17266:
17263:
17260:
17252:
17248:
17238:
17235:
17233:
17230:
17228:
17225:
17223:
17220:
17218:
17215:
17213:
17210:
17208:
17205:
17203:
17200:
17198:
17195:
17193:
17190:
17188:
17185:
17183:
17180:
17178:
17175:
17173:
17170:
17168:
17165:
17163:
17160:
17158:
17155:
17154:
17152:
17150:
17146:
17140:
17137:
17136:
17134:
17132:
17128:
17122:
17119:
17117:
17114:
17112:
17109:
17108:
17106:
17104:
17100:
17094:
17091:
17089:
17088:Ea-mukin-zeri
17086:
17084:
17083:Simbar-shipak
17081:
17080:
17078:
17076:
17072:
17066:
17063:
17061:
17058:
17056:
17053:
17051:
17048:
17046:
17043:
17041:
17038:
17036:
17033:
17031:
17028:
17026:
17023:
17021:
17018:
17016:
17013:
17012:
17010:
17008:
17004:
17001:
16997:(1157–732 BC)
16993:
16989:
16979:
16976:
16974:
16971:
16969:
16966:
16964:
16961:
16959:
16956:
16954:
16951:
16949:
16946:
16944:
16941:
16939:
16936:
16934:
16931:
16929:
16926:
16924:
16921:
16919:
16916:
16914:
16911:
16909:
16906:
16904:
16901:
16899:
16896:
16894:
16891:
16889:
16886:
16884:
16881:
16879:
16876:
16874:
16871:
16869:Kadashman-Sah
16868:
16866:
16863:
16861:
16858:
16856:
16853:
16851:
16848:
16845:
16843:
16840:
16838:
16835:
16833:
16830:
16828:
16825:
16823:
16820:
16818:
16815:
16812:
16810:
16809:Kashtiliash I
16807:
16805:
16802:
16800:
16797:
16796:
16794:
16792:
16788:
16785:
16777:
16773:
16763:
16760:
16758:
16757:Melamkurkurra
16755:
16753:
16750:
16748:
16747:Ayadaragalama
16745:
16743:
16740:
16737:
16735:
16732:
16730:
16727:
16725:
16722:
16720:
16717:
16714:
16712:
16711:Itti-ili-nibi
16709:
16707:
16704:
16703:
16701:
16699:
16695:
16689:
16686:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16669:
16666:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16654:
16651:
16649:
16646:
16644:
16641:
16639:
16636:
16635:
16633:
16631:
16627:
16624:
16616:
16612:
16598:
16595:
16591:
16588:
16587:foreign ruler
16582:
16581:
16578:
16572:
16569:
16563:
16559:
16552:
16549:
16547:
16544:
16543:
16539:
16530:
16525:
16523:
16518:
16516:
16511:
16510:
16507:
16495:
16492:
16490:
16487:
16485:
16482:
16480:
16477:
16475:
16472:
16470:
16467:
16466:
16464:
16460:
16454:
16451:
16449:
16446:
16444:
16441:
16439:
16436:
16434:
16431:
16429:
16426:
16424:
16421:
16420:
16418:
16414:
16408:
16405:
16403:
16400:
16398:
16395:
16394:
16392:
16388:
16382:
16379:
16377:
16374:
16372:
16369:
16367:
16364:
16362:
16359:
16357:
16354:
16352:
16349:
16347:
16344:
16342:
16339:
16337:
16334:
16332:
16329:
16327:
16324:
16322:
16319:
16317:
16314:
16312:
16309:
16307:
16304:
16302:
16299:
16298:
16296:
16292:
16286:
16283:
16281:
16278:
16276:
16273:
16271:
16268:
16266:
16263:
16261:
16258:
16256:
16253:
16251:
16248:
16246:
16243:
16241:
16238:
16236:
16233:
16231:
16228:
16226:
16223:
16221:
16218:
16216:
16213:
16211:
16208:
16206:
16203:
16201:
16198:
16197:
16195:
16193:
16189:
16179:
16176:
16174:
16171:
16169:
16166:
16164:
16161:
16159:
16156:
16154:
16151:
16149:
16146:
16144:
16141:
16139:
16136:
16134:
16131:
16129:
16126:
16124:
16121:
16119:
16116:
16114:
16111:
16109:
16106:
16104:
16101:
16099:
16096:
16094:
16091:
16090:
16088:
16086:
16082:
16076:
16073:
16071:
16068:
16066:
16063:
16061:
16058:
16056:
16053:
16051:
16047:
16044:
16042:
16039:
16037:
16034:
16032:
16029:
16027:
16024:
16022:
16019:
16017:
16014:
16012:
16009:
16007:
16004:
16002:
15999:
15998:
15996:
15994:
15990:
15987:
15983:
15978:
15964:
15961:
15959:
15956:
15954:
15951:
15949:
15946:
15944:
15941:
15939:
15936:
15934:
15931:
15929:
15926:
15924:
15921:
15919:
15916:
15914:
15911:
15909:
15906:
15904:
15901:
15899:
15896:
15894:
15891:
15889:
15886:
15884:
15881:
15879:
15876:
15874:
15871:
15869:
15866:
15864:
15861:
15860:
15858:
15854:
15848:
15845:
15843:
15840:
15838:
15835:
15831:
15828:
15826:
15823:
15822:
15821:
15818:
15816:
15813:
15811:
15810:Syrian Desert
15808:
15806:
15803:
15801:
15798:
15796:
15793:
15791:
15788:
15787:
15785:
15781:
15778:
15776:
15772:
15768:
15761:
15756:
15754:
15749:
15747:
15742:
15741:
15738:
15722:
15718:
15713:
15702:
15698:
15693:
15682:
15678:
15677:"Nidintu-Bêl"
15673:
15662:
15658:
15653:
15642:
15638:
15633:
15632:
15620:
15616:
15612:
15608:
15604:
15600:
15596:
15591:
15587:
15583:
15579:
15576:(in German).
15575:
15571:
15566:
15562:
15558:
15554:
15550:
15546:
15542:
15538:
15534:
15530:
15526:
15522:
15518:
15514:
15510:
15506:
15502:
15498:
15494:
15489:
15485:
15483:0-521-22717-8
15479:
15475:
15471:
15467:
15463:
15459:
15455:
15451:
15450:
15444:
15434:on 2020-12-09
15430:
15426:
15420:
15413:
15412:
15406:
15402:
15396:
15392:
15388:
15383:
15379:
15374:
15370:
15366:
15362:
15357:
15353:
15352:
15346:
15342:
15336:
15332:
15331:
15325:
15321:
15317:
15313:
15309:
15305:
15301:
15297:
15292:
15288:
15282:
15278:
15277:
15271:
15267:
15263:
15256:
15251:
15247:
15243:
15239:
15235:
15231:
15227:
15223:
15219:
15215:
15211:
15206:
15202:
15196:
15192:
15191:
15185:
15181:
15180:
15174:
15170:
15166:
15162:
15157:
15153:
15149:
15142:
15137:
15133:
15129:
15125:
15121:
15117:
15113:
15109:
15105:
15100:
15096:
15092:
15088:
15084:
15080:
15076:
15071:
15065:
15061:
15057:
15050:
15049:
15043:
15039:
15035:
15031:
15027:
15023:
15019:
15015:
15011:
15007:
15002:
14998:
14996:9781785702082
14992:
14988:
14982:
14978:
14974:
14970:
14967:(in German).
14966:
14962:
14957:
14953:
14949:
14945:
14941:
14937:
14934:(in German).
14933:
14929:
14924:
14920:
14914:
14911:. SBL Press.
14910:
14905:
14901:
14900:
14897:
14888:
14884:
14880:
14876:
14871:
14867:
14863:
14859:
14858:
14852:
14848:
14844:
14840:
14836:
14832:
14828:
14824:
14819:
14815:
14809:
14805:
14800:
14796:
14790:
14787:. Routledge.
14786:
14785:
14779:
14775:
14771:
14767:
14761:
14757:
14753:
14749:
14745:
14741:
14737:
14730:
14725:
14721:
14717:
14713:
14709:
14705:
14701:
14697:
14692:
14688:
14684:
14680:
14676:
14672:
14667:
14663:
14657:
14653:
14649:
14644:
14640:
14634:
14630:
14629:
14623:
14619:
14615:
14611:
14607:
14603:
14598:
14594:
14590:
14586:
14583:(in French).
14582:
14578:
14573:
14569:
14565:
14561:
14557:
14553:
14549:
14546:(4): 97–101.
14545:
14541:
14536:
14532:
14526:
14522:
14521:
14515:
14511:
14504:
14499:
14495:
14493:0-19-927841-5
14489:
14485:
14484:
14478:
14474:
14468:
14464:
14460:
14455:
14452:(1): 133–158.
14451:
14447:
14443:
14440:
14432:
14428:
14422:
14418:
14417:
14411:
14407:
14400:
14395:
14391:
14385:
14381:
14376:
14372:
14366:
14362:
14361:
14355:
14351:
14345:
14341:
14340:
14334:
14330:
14324:
14320:
14319:
14313:
14309:
14303:
14299:
14298:
14292:
14288:
14286:1-57075-348-2
14282:
14278:
14277:
14271:
14267:
14261:
14257:
14253:
14248:
14244:
14240:
14236:
14232:
14228:
14224:
14220:
14216:
14215:
14209:
14205:
14201:
14197:
14196:
14190:
14183:
14182:
14176:
14172:
14166:
14162:
14161:
14155:
14151:
14147:
14143:
14139:
14135:
14131:
14127:
14123:
14119:
14114:
14110:
14104:
14100:
14099:
14093:
14086:
14085:
14079:
14075:
14073:0-292-70794-0
14069:
14065:
14060:
14056:
14052:
14048:
14044:
14040:
14036:
14032:
14028:
14024:
14019:
14015:
14009:
14005:
14004:
13998:
13997:
13985:
13981:
13980:Beaulieu 2018
13976:
13970:, p. 63.
13969:
13965:
13964:Beaulieu 2018
13960:
13953:
13949:
13948:Beaulieu 2018
13944:
13938:, p. 61.
13937:
13933:
13932:Beaulieu 2018
13928:
13926:
13918:
13914:
13913:Beaulieu 2018
13909:
13902:
13898:
13897:Beaulieu 2018
13893:
13886:
13882:
13877:
13871:, p. 58.
13870:
13866:
13861:
13855:, p. 24.
13854:
13853:Olbrycht 2016
13850:
13845:
13839:, p. 49.
13838:
13834:
13829:
13827:
13825:
13818:, p. 48.
13817:
13813:
13808:
13801:
13797:
13793:
13788:
13781:
13777:
13772:
13766:, p. 43.
13765:
13761:
13756:
13750:, p. 41.
13749:
13745:
13740:
13733:
13732:Shayegan 2011
13729:
13724:
13722:
13715:, p. 40.
13714:
13710:
13705:
13698:
13694:
13689:
13682:
13678:
13673:
13667:, p. 36.
13666:
13662:
13658:
13653:
13646:
13642:
13637:
13635:
13628:, p. 35.
13627:
13623:
13618:
13611:
13607:
13602:
13595:
13594:Shayegan 2011
13591:
13586:
13579:
13578:Shayegan 2011
13575:
13574:Shayegan 2011
13571:
13566:
13564:
13556:
13555:Shayegan 2011
13551:
13544:
13543:Shayegan 2011
13540:
13539:Shayegan 2011
13536:
13531:
13524:
13523:Shayegan 2011
13519:
13513:, p. 13.
13512:
13511:Olmstead 1937
13507:
13500:
13499:Shayegan 2011
13496:
13491:
13489:
13482:, p. 57.
13481:
13477:
13472:
13470:
13462:
13457:
13451:, p. 14.
13450:
13449:Olmstead 1937
13445:
13443:
13441:
13439:
13431:
13426:
13419:
13414:
13407:
13406:Shayegan 2011
13402:
13395:
13391:
13386:
13380:, p. 51.
13379:
13375:
13371:
13366:
13359:
13355:
13354:Houghton 1979
13351:
13346:
13339:
13335:
13334:Houghton 1979
13330:
13328:
13320:
13316:
13312:
13307:
13300:
13299:Houghton 1979
13295:
13293:
13285:
13281:
13277:
13272:
13265:
13261:
13257:
13252:
13246:, p. 51.
13245:
13241:
13237:
13232:
13225:
13221:
13216:
13209:
13205:
13200:
13193:
13188:
13182:, p. 50.
13181:
13177:
13173:
13168:
13166:
13158:
13153:
13146:
13142:
13137:
13135:
13133:
13125:
13120:
13113:
13109:
13104:
13102:
13094:
13089:
13083:, p. 52.
13082:
13078:
13074:
13069:
13062:
13057:
13050:
13045:
13043:
13036:, p. 52.
13035:
13031:
13027:
13023:
13018:
13011:
13006:
13004:
13002:
13000:
12998:
12996:
12994:
12986:
12982:
12978:
12974:
12969:
12962:
12957:
12950:
12946:
12945:Beaulieu 2018
12941:
12939:
12931:
12927:
12926:Beaulieu 2018
12922:
12915:
12911:
12907:
12906:Beaulieu 2018
12902:
12895:
12891:
12890:Beaulieu 2018
12886:
12884:
12882:
12880:
12878:
12876:
12874:
12872:
12870:
12868:
12866:
12864:
12862:
12860:
12858:
12850:
12846:
12842:
12841:Beaulieu 2018
12838:
12833:
12826:
12822:
12821:Beaulieu 2018
12818:
12813:
12811:
12809:
12807:
12805:
12797:
12792:
12785:
12780:
12773:
12772:Beaulieu 2018
12768:
12761:
12760:Beaulieu 2018
12756:
12754:
12746:
12741:
12739:
12731:
12727:
12726:Beaulieu 2018
12723:
12718:
12711:
12707:
12706:Beaulieu 2018
12703:
12698:
12691:
12686:
12684:
12682:
12675:, p. 95.
12674:
12673:Brinkman 1973
12669:
12662:
12661:Beaulieu 2018
12658:
12653:
12651:
12649:
12647:
12645:
12643:
12641:
12639:
12637:
12629:
12625:
12624:Beaulieu 2018
12621:
12616:
12614:
12612:
12610:
12608:
12606:
12604:
12602:
12600:
12598:
12596:
12594:
12586:
12581:
12575:, p. 33.
12574:
12573:Goossens 1940
12569:
12562:
12561:Beaulieu 2018
12557:
12551:, p. 59.
12550:
12549:Brinkman 1968
12545:
12543:
12541:
12533:
12532:Beaulieu 2018
12528:
12521:
12520:Beaulieu 2018
12516:
12514:
12506:
12505:Beaulieu 2018
12501:
12494:
12493:Beaulieu 2018
12489:
12487:
12479:
12478:Beaulieu 2018
12475:
12470:
12468:
12466:
12464:
12462:
12460:
12458:
12456:
12454:
12452:
12450:
12448:
12446:
12444:
12442:
12440:
12438:
12436:
12428:
12427:Beaulieu 2018
12423:
12416:
12415:Beaulieu 2018
12411:
12404:
12403:Beaulieu 2018
12399:
12392:
12391:Beaulieu 2018
12388:
12383:
12381:
12379:
12377:
12375:
12373:
12371:
12363:
12362:Brinkman 1968
12358:
12351:
12350:Brinkman 1968
12347:
12346:Beaulieu 2018
12343:
12338:
12331:
12330:Brinkman 1968
12326:
12320:, p. 98.
12319:
12318:Brinkman 1968
12314:
12312:
12304:
12303:Beaulieu 2018
12300:
12295:
12293:
12291:
12289:
12287:
12285:
12283:
12281:
12279:
12277:
12269:
12268:Beaulieu 2018
12264:
12257:
12256:Beaulieu 2018
12252:
12246:, p. 15.
12245:
12244:Brinkman 1976
12240:
12233:
12232:Beaulieu 2018
12229:
12224:
12217:
12216:Beaulieu 2018
12212:
12205:
12204:Beaulieu 2018
12200:
12193:
12192:Beaulieu 2018
12189:
12184:
12177:
12173:
12172:Beaulieu 2018
12169:
12164:
12157:
12156:Beaulieu 2018
12152:
12146:, p. 85.
12145:
12144:Brinkman 1976
12140:
12133:
12132:Beaulieu 2018
12129:
12124:
12122:
12120:
12118:
12116:
12114:
12112:
12110:
12108:
12106:
12104:
12102:
12100:
12098:
12096:
12094:
12092:
12090:
12088:
12086:
12084:
12082:
12080:
12078:
12076:
12074:
12072:
12070:
12068:
12060:
12059:Beaulieu 2018
12055:
12053:
12051:
12049:
12047:
12039:
12035:
12034:Beaulieu 2018
12031:
12026:
12024:
12022:
12020:
12012:
12011:Beaulieu 2018
12007:
12000:
11999:Beaulieu 2018
11995:
11989:, p. 37.
11988:
11983:
11981:
11979:
11977:
11975:
11967:
11966:Beaulieu 2018
11963:
11958:
11956:
11954:
11952:
11950:
11948:
11946:
11944:
11942:
11940:
11938:
11936:
11928:
11927:Beaulieu 2018
11923:
11921:
11914:, p. 46.
11913:
11908:
11901:
11900:Beaulieu 2018
11896:
11894:
11887:, p. 69.
11886:
11885:Beaulieu 2018
11882:
11877:
11875:
11873:
11871:
11869:
11867:
11865:
11863:
11861:
11859:
11857:
11849:
11848:Beaulieu 2018
11844:
11835:
11829:, p. 67.
11828:
11827:Beaulieu 2018
11823:
11816:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11805:
11798:, p. 12.
11797:
11796:Beaulieu 2018
11792:
11790:
11788:
11786:
11784:
11777:, p. 97.
11776:
11771:
11769:
11762:, p. 94.
11761:
11756:
11749:
11744:
11737:
11732:
11726:, p. 32.
11725:
11720:
11714:, p. 69.
11713:
11708:
11702:, p. 50.
11701:
11696:
11690:, p. 14.
11689:
11684:
11678:, p. 85.
11677:
11672:
11665:
11664:Beaulieu 2018
11660:
11653:
11652:Beaulieu 2018
11648:
11642:, p. 14.
11641:
11640:Beaulieu 2018
11636:
11629:
11624:
11622:
11614:
11609:
11607:
11605:
11598:, p. 64.
11597:
11592:
11585:
11580:
11573:
11568:
11561:
11556:
11549:
11544:
11538:, p. 77.
11537:
11532:
11530:
11522:
11517:
11515:
11507:
11502:
11495:
11490:
11488:
11481:, p. 59.
11480:
11479:Deloucas 2016
11475:
11468:
11463:
11456:
11451:
11444:
11439:
11432:
11427:
11420:
11415:
11413:
11411:
11409:
11402:, p. 95.
11401:
11396:
11389:
11384:
11377:
11372:
11365:
11360:
11353:
11348:
11341:
11336:
11329:
11324:
11317:
11312:
11310:
11308:
11300:
11295:
11293:
11291:
11289:
11281:
11276:
11274:
11272:
11270:
11268:
11260:
11255:
11253:
11245:
11240:
11233:
11228:
11222:, p. 13.
11221:
11220:Beaulieu 2018
11216:
11214:
11212:
11210:
11208:
11206:
11204:
11196:
11191:
11184:
11179:
11172:
11167:
11160:
11155:
11148:
11143:
11141:
11139:
11137:
11129:
11124:
11122:
11114:
11109:
11103:, p. 21.
11102:
11097:
11091:, p. 72.
11090:
11085:
11079:, p. 42.
11078:
11073:
11067:, p. 22.
11066:
11061:
11059:
11052:, p. 98.
11051:
11046:
11040:, p. 68.
11039:
11034:
11027:
11026:Karlsson 2017
11022:
11016:, p. 28.
11015:
11010:
11008:
11000:
10999:Shayegan 2011
10995:
10988:
10983:
10981:
10979:
10971:
10970:Karlsson 2017
10966:
10964:
10957:, p. 24.
10956:
10951:
10945:, p. 23.
10944:
10939:
10937:
10935:
10933:
10925:
10920:
10916:
10902:
10895:
10893:
10891:
10889:
10887:
10885:
10883:
10874:
10865:
10859:
10852:
10846:
10837:
10835:
10833:
10831:
10829:
10819:
10817:
10807:
10798:
10790:
10784:
10779:
10777:
10770:
10764:
10758:
10751:
10741:
10739:
10729:
10719:
10710:
10708:
10698:
10688:
10686:
10684:
10674:
10664:
10654:
10645:
10636:
10634:
10623:
10621:
10613:
10609:
10602:
10592:
10582:
10569:
10567:
10565:
10563:
10554:
10548:
10540:
10533:
10529:
10522:
10515:
10510:
10504:
10497:
10491:
10489:
10487:
10477:
10475:
10473:
10459:
10457:
10455:
10453:
10442:
10436:
10434:
10425:
10419:
10413:
10407:
10401:
10395:
10389:
10383:
10377:
10369:
10359:
10349:
10338:
10332:
10330:
10328:
10317:
10307:
10298:
10288:
10278:
10269:
10260:
10251:
10234:
10225:
10204:
10198:
10195:
10191:
10187:
10180:
10170:
10163:
10159:
10153:
10149:
10138:
10135:
10132:
10129:
10128:
10118:
10115:
10112:
10109:
10105:
10103:
10102:
10098:
10097:
10094:
10091:
10088:
10085:
10081:
10079:
10078:
10074:
10073:
10070:
10067:
10064:
10061:
10057:
10055:
10054:
10050:
10049:
10046:
10043:
10040:
10037:
10033:
10031:
10030:
10026:
10025:
10022:
10019:
10016:
10013:
10009:
10007:
10006:
10002:
10001:
9998:
9995:
9992:
9989:
9985:
9983:
9982:
9981:Vologases III
9978:
9977:
9974:
9971:
9968:
9965:
9961:
9959:
9958:
9954:
9953:
9950:
9947:
9944:
9941:
9937:
9930:
9926:
9924:
9923:Artabanus III
9921:
9920:
9917:
9914:
9911:
9908:
9904:
9897:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9887:
9884:
9881:
9878:
9875:
9871:
9864:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9854:
9851:
9848:
9845:
9842:
9838:
9831:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9821:
9818:
9815:
9812:
9809:
9805:
9798:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9788:
9785:
9782:
9779:
9776:
9772:
9765:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9755:
9752:
9749:
9746:
9743:
9739:
9732:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9722:
9719:
9716:
9713:
9710:
9706:
9699:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9689:
9686:
9683:
9680:
9677:
9673:
9666:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9656:
9653:
9650:
9647:
9644:
9640:
9633:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9617:
9614:
9611:
9607:
9600:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9590:
9587:
9584:
9581:
9578:
9574:
9567:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9557:
9554:
9551:
9548:
9545:
9541:
9536:
9533:
9532:
9529:
9526:
9523:
9520:
9516:
9511:
9508:
9507:
9504:
9501:
9498:
9495:
9491:
9484:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9474:
9471:
9468:
9465:
9462:
9458:
9451:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9438:
9435:
9432:
9429:
9425:
9420:
9417:
9416:
9413:
9410:
9407:
9404:
9400:
9393:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9383:
9380:
9377:
9374:
9371:
9367:
9360:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9346:
9343:
9340:
9336:
9329:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9319:
9316:
9313:
9310:
9307:
9303:
9296:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9286:
9283:
9280:
9277:
9270:
9266:
9259:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9249:
9245:
9242:
9239:
9235:
9228:
9225:
9221:
9214:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9204:
9200:
9197:
9194:
9191:
9184:
9180:
9173:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9162:
9159:
9156:
9149:
9145:
9138:
9134:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9120:
9117:
9114:
9107:
9100:
9096:
9089:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9079:
9075:
9072:
9069:
9062:
9059:
9055:
9048:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9038:
9035:
9032:
9025:
9022:
9018:
9011:
9007:
9004:(First reign)
9001:
8998:
8997:
8994:
8991:
8988:
8985:
8981:
8974:
8970:
8968:
8967:Mithridates I
8965:
8964:
8952:Reigned from
8944:
8939:
8936:
8928:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8906:
8903:
8900:
8897:
8893:
8886:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8876:
8873:
8870:
8867:
8864:
8860:
8853:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8843:
8840:
8837:
8834:
8827:
8823:
8816:
8812:
8806:
8803:
8802:
8798:
8795:
8792:
8785:
8778:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8767:
8766:
8762:
8759:
8756:
8749:
8742:
8738:
8731:
8727:
8724:(First reign)
8721:
8718:
8717:
8714:
8711:
8708:
8705:
8701:
8694:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8684:
8681:
8678:
8675:
8672:
8668:
8661:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8648:
8645:
8642:
8635:
8631:
8624:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8611:
8608:
8601:
8598:
8594:
8587:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8574:
8571:
8568:
8565:
8561:
8554:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8544:
8541:
8538:
8531:
8528:
8524:
8517:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8504:
8501:
8498:
8495:
8491:
8484:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8474:
8471:
8468:
8465:
8458:
8454:
8447:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8424:
8421:
8417:
8410:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8400:
8397:
8394:
8391:
8388:
8384:
8377:
8373:
8370:
8369:
8366:
8363:
8356:
8353:
8349:
8342:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8332:
8329:
8326:
8322:
8315:
8312:
8308:
8301:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8279:Reigned from
8271:
8267:
8263:
8249:
8246:
8243:
8240:
8236:
8229:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8219:
8215:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8203:
8200:
8197:
8193:
8186:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8175:
8174:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8154:
8150:
8143:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8130:
8127:
8120:
8113:
8109:
8102:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8080:Reigned from
8072:
8068:
8064:
8050:
8047:
8040:
8037:
8033:
8026:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8016:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8002:
7999:
7996:
7992:
7985:
7981:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7973:
7969:
7966:
7963:
7960:
7957:
7953:
7946:
7942:
7940:
7939:Artaxerxes IV
7937:
7936:
7933:
7930:
7927:
7924:
7920:
7913:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7897:
7894:
7884:
7880:
7873:
7869:
7867:
7866:Artaxerxes II
7864:
7863:
7860:
7857:
7847:
7840:
7836:
7829:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7807:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7796:
7795:
7792:
7789:
7786:
7783:
7779:
7777:
7776:
7772:
7771:
7768:
7765:
7758:
7755:
7751:
7744:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7718:
7714:
7707:
7703:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7676:
7669:
7665:
7658:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7647:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7633:
7626:
7622:
7615:
7611:
7609:
7608:
7607:Shamash-eriba
7604:
7603:
7599:
7596:
7593:
7586:
7579:
7575:
7568:
7564:
7561:(First reign)
7558:
7555:
7554:
7551:
7548:
7541:
7534:
7530:
7523:
7519:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7505:
7502:
7499:
7492:
7485:
7481:
7474:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7463:
7462:
7458:
7455:
7452:
7445:
7438:
7434:
7427:
7423:
7420:(First reign)
7417:
7414:
7413:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7396:
7389:
7385:
7378:
7374:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7356:
7349:
7342:
7338:
7331:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7315:
7308:
7301:
7297:
7290:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7274:
7267:
7260:
7256:
7249:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7227:Reigned from
7219:
7215:
7211:
7201:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7171:
7164:
7160:
7153:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7113:
7112:Lâbâši-Marduk
7106:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7081:
7074:
7070:
7063:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7051:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7023:
7016:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7005:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6980:
6973:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6948:
6941:
6937:
6930:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6918:
6906:Reigned from
6898:
6895:
6892:
6887:
6880:
6876:
6862:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6848:Sîn-šar-iškun
6842:
6838:
6836:
6835:Sinsharishkun
6833:
6832:
6829:
6823:
6820:
6816:
6809:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6796:
6790:
6787:
6783:
6776:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6765:
6764:
6761:
6755:
6752:
6748:
6741:
6737:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6724:
6718:
6711:
6707:
6700:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6689:
6688:
6685:
6675:
6668:
6664:
6657:
6653:
6650:(First reign)
6647:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6630:
6623:
6619:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6599:
6589:
6586:
6582:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6534:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6509:
6497:
6494:
6490:
6489:Nergal-ušezib
6483:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6472:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6458:'Dynasty of '
6454:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6440:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6404:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6385:
6378:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6356:
6353:'Soldier of '
6349:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6330:
6323:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6290:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6268:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6229:
6225:
6222:(First reign)
6219:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6206:'Dynasty of '
6202:
6195:
6192:
6188:
6181:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6133:
6129:
6126:(First reign)
6123:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6090:
6086:
6084:
6083:Shalmaneser V
6081:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6071:'Dynasty of '
6067:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6046:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6005:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5976:
5967:Reigned from
5959:
5956:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5914:
5907:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5876:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5841:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5806:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5776:
5772:
5765:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5738:
5729:
5725:
5718:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5620:
5619:Ninurta-apla-
5613:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5505:
5496:
5492:
5485:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5445:
5438:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5411:
5402:
5398:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5350:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5282:
5273:
5269:
5262:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5235:
5226:
5222:
5215:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5191:Reigned from
5183:
5180:
5178:
5173:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5093:Reigned from
5085:
5082:
5079:
5071:
5057:
5054:
5045:
5036:
5032:
5025:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5007:
4998:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4951:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4907:Reigned from
4899:
4896:
4894:
4889:
4888:palû Bīt-Bazi
4883:
4868:
4865:
4856:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4809:
4800:
4796:
4795:Ea-mukin-zēri
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4781:Ea-mukin-zeri
4778:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4762:
4753:
4749:
4742:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4734:Simbar-shipak
4731:
4730:
4718:Reigned from
4710:
4707:
4704:
4689:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4630:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4570:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4536:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4476:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4382:
4375:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4348:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4301:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4254:
4245:
4241:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4207:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4163:Reigned from
4155:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4126:
4123:
4114:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4067:
4058:
4054:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3973:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3926:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3644:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3597:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3503:
3494:
3490:
3489:Nazi-Maruttaš
3483:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2722:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2694:Kashtiliash I
2691:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2584:Reigned from
2576:
2573:
2570:
2563:
2549:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2476:Melamkurkurra
2470:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2462:Melamkurkurra
2459:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2383:
2382:Ayadaragalama
2376:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2368:Ayadaragalama
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2336:
2335:Pešgaldarameš
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2138:
2137:Itti-ili-nībī
2131:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2123:Itti-ili-nibi
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2066:Reigned from
2058:
2055:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2022:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1496:Reigned from
1488:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1326:
1320:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1268:Artabanus III
1264:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:king of kings
1187:
1181:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1127:
1123:
1122:Artabanus III
1118:
1114:
1104:
1103:Antiochus III
1100:
1099:
1080:
1076:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:(722–626 BC).
1033:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1001:
997:
992:
983:
969:
958:
954:
943:
939:
928:
924:
921:
911:
907:
904:
894:
877:
873:
869:
865:
862:
846:
829:
825:
822:
819:
816:
805:
788:
784:
781:
780:
779:
765:
754:
750:
745:
731:
720:
716:
711:
702:
693:
679:
674:
668:
657:
651:
642:
638:
636:
635:
630:
626:
622:
621:
617:
613:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
575:
570:
565:
562:
552:
535:
530:
525:
524:šar Karduniaš
520:
517:
513:
507:
501:
489:
484:
478:
473:
462:
458:
453:
448:
444:
440:
437:
436:
435:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
393:
389:
384:
373:
362:
351:
341:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:, later also
218:
213:
209:
197:
194:
191:
190:
188:
184:
166:
162:
155:
151:
146:
140:
139:Artabanus III
134:
130:
129:Shamash-eriba
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
102:
98:
94:
88:
87:
82:
77:
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
38:
30:
27:
19:
23487:
23477:
23441:Ancient Iraq
23440:
23430:
23410:
23399:
23385:
23376:
23363:
23354:
23318:
23311:
23304:
23233:Ardashir III
23225:
23202:
23143:
23111:Roman Empire
23109:
23087:
23045:Yazdegerd II
22975:
22966:Artabanus IV
22963:Vologases VI
22954:Vologases IV
22885:Roman Empire
22883:
22868:Vologases II
22844:Artabanus II
22838:Artabanus II
22823:Tiridates II
22811:Phraates III
22777:
22714:Simon Thassi
22707:
22689:Demetrius II
22677:Antiochus IV
22668:Seleucus III
22662:Antiochus II
22649:
22639:
22636:Alexander IV
22623:
22611:
22595:Ptolemy XIII
22577:Berenice III
22571:Cleopatra IV
22512:
22509:331–141 BCE
22500:
22491:
22485:
22479:
22458:Artaxerxes I
22439:
22406:
22403:539–331 BCE
22378:
22359:Nabopolassar
22352:
22323:
22317:
22314:626–539 BCE
22282:Ashurbanipal
22237:
22236:
22230:
22193:
22190:745–609 BCE
22156:
22136:Eriba-Marduk
22097:
22051:
22026:
21994:
21993:
21983:
21972:Shoshenq III
21950:
21947:911–745 BCE
21915:
21897:Marduk-zer-X
21861:
21857:Ashur-dan II
21788:Arik-den-ili
21785:Enlil-nirari
21779:Eriba-Adad I
21772:
21765:
21742:
21723:
21718:Psusennes II
21693:
21692:
21686:
21670:Ramesses VII
21658:Ramesses III
21647:
21631:
21625:
21593:
21579:
21560:
21549:Amenhotep II
21542:Thutmose III
21516:
21510:
21507:
21458:Kurigalzu II
21452:Kara-hardash
21422:Agum-Kakrime
21413:
21392:
21386:
21354:
21337:'Aper-'Anati
21335:
21330:
21309:
21303:
21297:
21293:
21287:
21283:
21277:
21271:
21270:
21234:Damqi-ilishu
21217:
21206:Samsu-Ditana
21188:Sin-muballit
21179:Sin-muballit
21158:
21128:Ashur-rabi I
20993:Shamshi-Adad
20990:
20984:
20969:
20939:
20933:
20921:Amenemhat IV
20915:Senusret III
20909:Amenemhat II
20896:
20882:
20868:
20817:
20814:Damiq-ilishu
20784:Lipit-Eshtar
20765:
20746:
20703:
20671:
20667:
20651:Shakkanakkus
20614:
20590:Mentuhotep I
20583:
20577:
20558:
20545:
20508:
20502:Puzur-Ishtar
20469:
20464:
20446:
20399:Lugalannatum
20391:
20358:
20325:
20305:
20284:Hishep-Ratep
20250:
20232:
20169:
20159:
20113:Neferkare II
20103:
20097:
20091:
20038:
20020:
20010:
19989:
19942:Invasion by
19905:
19870:
19846:
19838:Enannatum II
19802:E-iginimpa'e
19771:
19763:Igrish-Halam
19674:Nyuserre Ini
19651:
19625:Awan dynasty
19623:
19582:
19569:
19550:
19535:
19526:
19510:Ishtup-Ishar
19490:Iku-Shamagan
19486:Ikun-Shamash
19478:
19456:Ur I dynasty
19454:
19447:
19436:
19411:
19405:
19379:
19360:
19319:
19302:
19287:
19269:
19228:
19220:
19191:
19172:
19135:Enmebaragesi
19121:
19102:
19073:
19064:
19057:
19020:
19015:
18995:En-tarah-ana
18980:
18973:
18965:
18955:
18931:
18928:Neferkasokar
18926:
18921:
18910:
18905:
18900:
18895:
18890:
18885:
18869:
18849:
18843:
18834:
18822:
18817:
18768:
18762:
18749:
18741:
18736:
18731:
18726:
18721:
18716:
18711:
18706:
18701:
18696:
18690:
18676:
18665:
18660:
18655:
18650:
18645:
18642:
18637:
18632:
18629:Finger Snail
18627:
18621:
18604:
18573:Anu Ziggurat
18556:
18524:
18518:
18436:Territories/
18358:
18352:
18342:
18338:
18332:
18322:
18300:
18294:
18284:
18262:
18256:
18246:
18236:
18214:
18209:šar kiššatim
18208:
18198:
18188:
18102:Artabanus IV
18100:
18095:Vologases VI
18093:
18086:
18081:Vologases IV
18079:
18072:
18065:
18058:
18051:
18044:
18037:
18030:
18023:
18016:
18011:Artabanus II
18009:
18002:
17995:
17988:
17981:
17974:
17969:
17964:
17959:Phraates III
17957:
17950:
17945:
17938:
17933:
17926:
17919:
17912:
17905:
17900:
17893:
17886:
17879:
17872:
17865:
17826:
17819:
17812:
17805:
17798:
17791:
17784:
17777:
17770:
17763:
17756:
17749:
17742:
17735:
17730:
17723:
17716:
17696:
17691:Alexander IV
17689:
17682:
17675:
17658:(331–141 BC)
17636:
17623:
17616:
17609:
17602:
17595:
17588:
17583:Artaxerxes I
17581:
17577:Bel-shimanni
17564:
17552:
17540:
17533:
17526:
17509:(539–331 BC)
17444:Nabopolassar
17426:(626–539 BC)
17404:
17397:
17390:
17385:Ashurbanipal
17383:
17375:
17374:
17369:Ashurbanipal
17367:
17360:
17353:
17335:
17334:
17327:
17310:
17303:
17291:
17284:
17256:(732–626 BC)
17217:Eriba-Marduk
17060:Marduk-zer-X
16908:Kurigalzu II
16898:Kara-hardash
16846:Unknown king
16837:Harba-Shipak
16827:Urzigurumash
16813:Unknown king
16719:Damqi-ilishu
16688:Samsu-Ditana
16658:Sin-Muballit
16593:
16586:
16583:Kings
16551:Royal titles
16545:
16376:Royal titles
16301:Architecture
16138:Neo-Assyrian
15985:(Pre)history
15805:Persian Gulf
15724:. Retrieved
15720:
15704:. Retrieved
15700:
15684:. Retrieved
15680:
15664:. Retrieved
15660:
15644:. Retrieved
15640:
15602:
15598:
15577:
15573:
15544:
15540:
15500:
15496:
15473:
15448:
15436:. Retrieved
15429:the original
15410:
15390:
15377:
15368:
15364:
15350:
15329:
15303:
15299:
15275:
15265:
15261:
15213:
15209:
15189:
15178:
15168:
15164:
15151:
15147:
15107:
15103:
15078:
15074:
15047:
15013:
15009:
14986:
14968:
14964:
14935:
14931:
14908:
14892:
14882:
14878:
14856:
14830:
14826:
14803:
14783:
14755:
14735:
14703:
14699:
14678:
14674:
14651:
14627:
14609:
14605:
14584:
14580:
14543:
14539:
14519:
14509:
14482:
14462:
14449:
14445:
14415:
14405:
14379:
14359:
14338:
14317:
14296:
14275:
14255:
14221:(2): 89–95.
14218:
14212:
14194:
14180:
14159:
14125:
14121:
14097:
14083:
14063:
14030:
14026:
14002:
13993:Bibliography
13975:
13959:
13943:
13917:Dąbrowa 2012
13908:
13892:
13876:
13860:
13849:Daryaee 2012
13844:
13807:
13800:Daryaee 2012
13787:
13771:
13755:
13739:
13704:
13688:
13672:
13652:
13617:
13610:Daryaee 2012
13601:
13590:Oelsner 2014
13585:
13550:
13530:
13518:
13506:
13456:
13430:Daryaee 2012
13425:
13418:Dąbrowa 2012
13413:
13401:
13385:
13365:
13345:
13321:, p. 7.
13319:Scolnic 2014
13306:
13286:, p. 5.
13284:Scolnic 2014
13271:
13251:
13231:
13215:
13199:
13187:
13152:
13119:
13095:, p. 4.
13088:
13068:
13056:
13051:, p. 3.
13030:Depuydt 1997
13017:
12981:Depuydt 1997
12968:
12956:
12921:
12914:Nielsen 2015
12901:
12849:Wiseman 1991
12832:
12791:
12779:
12767:
12717:
12697:
12668:
12580:
12568:
12556:
12527:
12500:
12422:
12410:
12398:
12357:
12337:
12325:
12263:
12251:
12239:
12223:
12211:
12199:
12183:
12163:
12151:
12139:
12040:, p. 6.
12006:
11994:
11907:
11843:
11834:
11822:
11755:
11743:
11731:
11724:Ceresko 2001
11719:
11707:
11695:
11683:
11671:
11659:
11647:
11635:
11591:
11584:Haubold 2019
11579:
11572:Oelsner 1964
11567:
11555:
11543:
11506:Oelsner 2014
11501:
11474:
11462:
11450:
11445:, p. 3.
11438:
11426:
11395:
11383:
11371:
11359:
11347:
11335:
11330:, p. 5.
11323:
11318:, p. 1.
11301:, p. 2.
11282:, p. 4.
11239:
11227:
11190:
11178:
11173:, p. 4.
11166:
11154:
11130:, p. 3.
11108:
11096:
11089:Da Riva 2013
11084:
11072:
11045:
11038:Stevens 2014
11033:
11021:
10994:
10989:, p. 9.
10972:, p. 2.
10950:
10919:
10858:
10845:
10806:
10797:
10750:
10728:
10718:
10697:
10673:
10663:
10653:
10644:
10601:
10591:
10581:
10539:
10521:
10503:
10368:
10358:
10348:
10316:
10306:
10297:
10287:
10277:
10268:
10259:
10250:
10233:
10224:
10203:
10197:
10179:
10174:differences.
10169:
10160:down to the
10152:
10101:Artabanus IV
10100:
10077:Vologases VI
10075:
10051:
10029:Vologases IV
10027:
10004:
9979:
9955:
9725:Artabanus II
9477:Phraates III
8930:
8924:
8768:
8324:
8222:Alexander IV
8205:
8176:
7975:
7797:
7773:
7737:Artaxerxes I
7650:Bel-shimanni
7648:
7605:
7464:
7368:
7351:29 September
7198:
7143:
7096:
7053:
7006:
6963:
6922:Nabopolassar
6920:
6882:
6766:
6730:Ashurbanipal
6690:
6646:Ashurbanipal
6524:
6473:
6453:palê Ḫabigal
6423:
6368:
6309:
6258:
6201:palê Ḫabigal
6119:
5988:
5936:
5909:
5903:
5867:
5831:
5796:
5755:
5724:Erība-Marduk
5710:Eriba-Marduk
5708:
5667:
5635:
5603:
5563:
5522:
5475:
5428:
5381:
5340:
5299:
5252:
5206:
5163:
5107:
5073:
5015:
4968:
4921:
4878:
4826:
4779:
4748:Simbar-Šipak
4732:
4699:
4647:
4616:Marduk-zēra-
4602:Marduk-zer-X
4600:
4553:
4506:
4459:
4412:
4365:
4318:
4271:
4224:
4177:
4136:
4084:
4037:
3990:
3943:
3896:
3849:
3802:
3755:
3708:
3661:
3614:
3567:
3520:
3473:
3428:Kurigalzu II
3426:
3379:
3334:Kara-hardash
3332:
3301:Burna-Buriaš
3285:
3238:
3206:
3175:
3144:
3128:Kadašman-Saḫ
3084:
3052:
3021:
2990:Burna-Buriaš
2974:
2925:
2895:Harba-Shipak
2893:
2877:Agum-Kakrime
2861:
2845:Ur-zigurumaš
2831:Urzigurumash
2829:
2797:
2765:
2692:
2645:
2598:
2565:
2507:
2460:
2413:
2366:
2319:
2294:
2263:
2232:
2201:
2172:Damqi-ilishu
2170:
2121:
2080:
2038:
1996:Šamšu-ditāna
1982:Samsu-Ditana
1980:
1933:
1886:
1839:
1792:
1745:
1714:Sîn-Muballit
1700:Sin-Muballit
1698:
1651:
1604:
1557:
1510:
1469:
1382:
1321:
1306:Kurigalzu II
1277:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1231:
1230:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1189:, "Arsaces,
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1098:
1097:
1063:Artaxerxes I
1058:
1057:
1056:retribution.
1042:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1012:
996:Artaxerxes I
980:
871:
776:
678:Eriba-Marduk
662:
639:
634:
633:
620:
619:
608:
563:
560:681–669 BC).
518:
471:
446:
442:
438:
421:Neo-Assyrian
406:
401:605–562 BC).
334:Royal titles
329:Introduction
308:
268:
228:Mesopotamian
207:
205:
145:Artabanus IV
84:
80:
26:
23373:Simpson, W.
23301:639–651 CE
23248:Azarmidokht
23239:Khosrow III
23222:628–641 CE
23178:618–628 CE
23140:395–618 CE
23106:273–395 CE
23094:Vaballathus
23084:270–273 CE
23048:Hormizd III
23033:Yazdegerd I
23024:Ardashir II
23018:Adur Narseh
22972:224–270 CE
22960:Vologases V
22934:117–224 CE
22915:116–117 CE
22862:Vardanes II
22859:Vologases I
22850:Gotarzes II
22820:Phraates IV
22790:Hyspaosines
22729:Hyrcanus II
22704:141–30 BCE
22683:Demetrius I
22680:Antiochus V
22674:Seleucus IV
22665:Seleucus II
22659:Antiochus I
22646:Antigonus I
22598:Ptolemy XIV
22586:Cleopatra V
22368:Neriglissar
22365:Amel-Marduk
22348:Psamtik III
22319:Late Period
22258:Sennacherib
22249:Shalmaneser
22176:Tammaritu I
22073:Shammuramat
22016:Takelot III
22013:Osorkon III
22010:Shoshenq VI
21985:Pedubast II
21975:Shoshenq IV
21963:Shoshenq II
21812:Ashur-dan I
21753:Ish-bosheth
21706:Psusennes I
21682:Ramesses XI
21676:Ramesses IX
21667:Ramesses VI
21661:Ramesses IV
21606:Ramesses II
21569:Tutankhamun
21552:Thutmose IV
21536:Thutmose II
21470:Kudur-Enlil
21455:Nazi-Bugash
21443:Kurigalzu I
21431:Ulamburiash
21402:Amenhotep I
21383:Tutankhamun
21369:Parshatatar
21366:Shuttarna I
21299:Seventeenth
21228:Ilum-ma-ili
21203:Ammi-saduqa
21200:Ammi-ditana
21194:Samsu-iluna
21101:Erishum III
21062:Adad-salulu
21059:Ipqi-Ishtar
21047:Ashur-dugul
21032:Adad-salulu
21029:Ipqi-Ishtar
21017:Ashur-dugul
20986:Old Assyria
20981:(Amorites)
20924:Sobekneferu
20912:Senusret II
20903:Amenemhat I
20875:Sîn-iribam
20852:Sin-Iqisham
20846:Sin-Iddinam
20796:Erra-imitti
20793:Lipit-Enlil
20781:Ishme-Dagan
20778:Iddin-Dagan
20714:Shalim-ahum
20705:Old Assyria
20691:Yasmah-Adad
20668:Lim Dynasty
20660:Hanun-Dagan
20656:Hitial-Erra
20421:Ur-Ningirsu
20377:Kuda (Uruk)
20350:Ishgum-Addu
20340:Ishtup-Ilum
20192:Ishma-Dagan
20177:Shakkanakku
20155:Neferirkare
20152:Neferkauhor
20055:Ili-ishmani
20034:Manishtushu
19997:Lugalzagesi
19993:III dynasty
19977:Puzur-Nirah
19692:Ishar-Malik
19671:Shepseskare
19461:Mesannepada
19386:Nin-kisalsi
19374:Lugal-kitun
19344:Meskalamdug
19330:Ur-Pabilsag
19143:Aga of Kish
19052:Barsal-nuna
18937:Khasekhemwy
18923:Neferkara I
18902:Weneg-Nebty
18880:Nebra/Raneb
18692:Lower Egypt
18678:Scorpion II
18623:Upper Egypt
18575:, 4000 BCE)
18558:Uruk period
18291:Mighty King
18237:šar šarrāni
18088:Vologases V
18039:Vologases I
18025:Gotarzes II
17983:Phraates IV
17914:Artabanus I
17907:Hyspaosines
17895:Phraates II
17874:Phraates II
17535:Cambyses II
17459:Neriglissar
17454:Amel-Marduk
17355:Sennacherib
17312:Sennacherib
16963:Meli-Shipak
16928:Kudur-Enlil
16903:Nazi-Bugash
16883:Kurigalzu I
16855:Ulamburiash
16842:Shipta'ulzi
16817:Abi-Rattash
16706:Ilum-ma-ili
16683:Ammi-Saduqa
16678:Ammi-Ditana
16668:Samsu-iluna
16594:vassal king
16479:Hittitology
16469:Assyriology
16390:Archaeology
16260:Old Persian
16070:Jemdet Nasr
15697:"Nidin-Bêl"
15628:Web sources
15605:: 247–268.
15580:: 129–158.
15547:(1): 1–36.
15016:(1): 1–14.
14938:: 262–274.
14654:. Peeters.
14612:: 117–135.
14258:. Equinox.
14128:(1): 1–12.
13378:Mittag 2008
13244:Mittag 2008
13180:Mittag 2008
13081:Bertin 1891
13034:Bertin 1891
12796:Thomas 2014
12710:Radner 2003
11987:Boivin 2018
11912:Boivin 2018
11700:Bertin 1891
11676:George 2003
11596:George 2007
11494:Kosmin 2014
11467:Hoover 2011
11316:Poebel 1955
11101:Soares 2017
11065:Soares 2017
11050:Goetze 1964
11014:Soares 2017
10955:Soares 2017
10943:Soares 2017
10089:AD 216/228
10053:Vologases V
9857:Vologases I
9791:Gotarzes II
9593:Phraates IV
9509:Piriustana
9354:Asi'abatar
9252:Artabanus I
9226:128/127 BC
9207:Hyspaosines
9192:128/127 BC
9157:128/127 BC
9127:Phraates II
9000:Phraates II
8958:Succession
8637:3 September
8603:3 September
8285:Succession
8201:309/308 BC
8086:Succession
8038:336/335 BC
8000:336/335 BC
7925:359/358 BC
7895:359/358 BC
7664:Bêl-šimânni
7621:Šamaš-eriba
7536:27 November
7494:27 November
7283:Cambyses II
7233:Succession
7055:Neriglissar
7022:Amēl-Marduk
7008:Amel-Marduk
6912:Succession
6891:palê Ḫarran
6564:Sennacherib
6218:Sennacherib
6066:palê Baltil
5980:Succession
5197:Succession
5099:Succession
5078:palû Elamtu
4913:Succession
4724:Succession
4169:Succession
3945:Meli-Shipak
3630:Kudur-Enlil
3616:Kudur-Enlil
3381:Nazi-Bugash
3348:Kara-ḫardaš
3208:Kurigalzu I
3037:Ulam-Buriaš
3023:Ulamburiash
2927:Shipta'ulzi
2909:Ḫarba-Šipak
2767:Abi-Rattash
2590:Succession
2186:Damqi-ilišu
2096:Ilum-ma-ilī
2082:Ilum-ma-ili
2072:Succession
2042:palû Urukug
1949:Ammi-Saduqa
1935:Ammi-Saduqa
1902:Ammi-ditāna
1888:Ammi-Ditana
1808:Šamšu-iluna
1794:Samsu-iluna
1502:Succession
1473:palû Babili
1220:Abba Arikha
940:rule under
739:246–225 BC)
656:palû Babili
461:Sennacherib
23528:Categories
23257:Khosrow IV
23254:Hormizd VI
23236:Shahrbaraz
23213:Khosrow II
23198:Shahrbaraz
23192:Shahrbaraz
23072:Khosrow II
23069:Hormizd IV
23027:Shapur III
23015:Hormizd II
23009:Bahram III
22994:Ardashir I
22865:Pacorus II
22856:Vonones II
22853:Meherdates
22847:Vardanes I
22832:Orodes III
22829:Phraates V
22808:Sinatruces
22656:Seleucus I
22633:Philip III
22607:Arsinoe IV
22532:Arsinoe II
22473:Darius III
22339:Psamtik II
22279:Esarhaddon
22172:Ummanigash
22142:Nabonassar
22036:Bakenranef
22007:Pedubast I
22004:Takelot II
22001:Harsiese A
21989:Osorkon IV
21981:Shoshenq V
21969:Osorkon II
21957:Shoshenq I
21703:Amenemnisu
21679:Ramesses X
21664:Ramesses V
21612:Amenmesses
21600:Ramesses I
21562:Smenkhkare
21539:Hatshepsut
21533:Thutmose I
21437:Karaindash
21176:Sumu-la-El
21008:Mut-Ashkur
20999:(Amorites)
20906:Senusret I
20865:Rim-Sin II
20855:Silli-Adad
20849:Sin-Eribam
20811:Suen-magir
20808:Ur-du-kuga
20805:Iter-pisha
20799:Enlil-bani
20787:Ur-Ninurta
20775:Shu-Ilishu
20772:Ishbi-Erra
20742:Erishum II
20688:Yahdun-Lim
20685:Yaggid-Lim
20498:Tura-Dagan
20477:Utu-hengal
20453:Meryhathor
20429:Nam-mahani
20395:II dynasty
20364:(21 kings)
20258:Puzer-Mama
20254:II dynasty
20236:IV dynasty
20149:Neferkaure
20146:Qakare Ibi
20137:Neferkahor
20128:Neferkamin
20047:Ilshu-rabi
19938:Ishqi-Mari
19934:Ikun-Ishar
19930:Enna-Dagan
19850:II dynasty
19824:Bara-irnun
19779:Puzur-Suen
19775:IV dynasty
19767:Irkab-Damu
19712:(3 kings)
19638:Ukkutahesh
19611:Meskiagnun
19607:A'annepada
19554:II dynasty
19449:Thamphthis
19445:Shepseskaf
19394:Lugal-dalu
19293:Udulkalama
19273:II dynasty
19215:Sekhemkhet
19123:Lugalbanda
19049:Melem-Kish
19045:En-me-nuna
18830:Canaanites
18824:Horus Bird
18789:Neithhotep
18662:Scorpion I
18612:Naqada III
18343:šar Bābili
18285:šarru rabu
18281:Great King
18257:šar mātāti
18046:Pacorus II
18032:Vonones II
18018:Vardanes I
17997:Orodes III
17990:Phraates V
17965:Piriustana
17952:Sinatruces
17934:Asi'abatar
17928:Gotarzes I
17638:Darius III
17362:Esarhaddon
17227:Nabonassar
16873:Karaindash
16643:Sumu-la-El
16443:Divination
16153:Achaemenid
16118:Isin-Larsa
16011:Trialetian
16006:Mousterian
15993:Prehistory
15438:2020-08-16
15380:: 445–456.
14204:B005CKSMK8
12730:Fales 2012
12690:Fales 2014
12628:Fales 2014
12585:Fales 2014
12176:Leick 2003
12038:Murai 2018
11688:Bloch 2012
11536:Brown 2008
11232:Fales 2014
11195:Fales 2014
10912:References
10723:provinces.
9890:Pacorus II
9824:Vonones II
9758:Vardanes I
9659:Orodes III
9626:Phraates V
9540:Ṭeleuniqê'
9534:Teleuniqe
9515:Piriustanâ
9444:Sinatruces
9418:Ispubarza
9366:Aši'abatum
9322:Gotarzes I
9095:Antiʾukusu
8917:See also:
8859:Aliksandar
8780:c. January
8751:c. January
8744:c. January
8700:Antiʾukusu
8667:Antiʾukusu
8630:Antiʾukusu
8560:Antiʾukusu
8523:Antiʾukusu
8416:Antiʾukusu
8348:Antiʾukusu
8260:See also:
8235:Aliksandar
8192:Antigunusu
8108:Aliksandar
8061:See also:
8019:Darius III
7952:Artakšatsu
7919:Artakšatsu
7879:Artakšatsu
7750:Artakšatsu
7262:29 October
7208:See also:
7185:Belshazzar
7173:13 October
7159:Nabû-naʾid
6873:See also:
6670:1 November
6632:1 November
6605:Esarhaddon
6591:20 October
6153:palê Tamti
5923:See also:
5812:Nabû-nāṣir
5798:Nabonassar
5068:See also:
4703:palû tamti
3959:Meli-Šipak
3724:Kaštiliašu
3442:Kuri-Galzu
3395:Nazi-Bugaš
3222:Kuri-Galzu
3146:Karaindash
3068:Kaštiliašu
2941:Šipta’ulzi
2813:Kaštiliašu
2781:Abi-Rattaš
2708:Kaštiliašu
2569:palû Kaššī
2560:See also:
2033:See also:
1761:Ḫammu-rāpi
1573:Šumu-la-El
1559:Sumu-la-El
1387:Antiʾukusu
1148:and later
1016:Achaemenid
994:Relief of
876:Sumu-la-El
551:Esarhaddon
512:šar Bābili
483:šar Bābili
477:šar Bābili
447:of Babylon
413:Karduniash
383:šar Bābili
338:See also:
223:šar Bābili
189:Various:
48:šar Bābili
23539:Babylonia
23369:Hallo, W.
23266:Peroz III
23100:Antiochus
23066:Khosrow I
23036:Shapur IV
23030:Bahram IV
23021:Shapur II
23006:Bahram II
23000:Hormizd I
22957:Osroes II
22835:Vonones I
22817:Orodes II
22793:Artabanus
22461:Darius II
22388:Phraortes
22374:Nabonidus
22345:Ahmose II
22333:Psamtik I
22226:Tanutamun
22075:(regent)
21966:Takelot I
21960:Osorkon I
21725:Phoenicia
21709:Amenemope
21655:Setnakhte
21609:Merneptah
21558:Akhenaten
21341:Sakir-Har
21279:Sixteenth
21258:Akurduana
21244:Gulkishar
21241:Shushushi
21197:Abi-eshuh
21191:Hammurabi
21173:Sumu-abum
21095:Shu-Ninua
21086:Iptar-Sin
21056:Sin-namir
21053:Nasir-Sin
21044:Puzur-Sin
21026:Sin-namir
21023:Nasir-Sin
20877:Sîn-gāmil
20873:Sîn-kāšid
20861:Rim-Sin I
20858:Warad-Sin
20738:Naram-Sin
20722:Erishum I
20718:Ilu-shuma
20694:Zimri-Lim
20642:Indilimma
20629:Ibbit-Lim
20599:Intef III
20562:invasions
20549:invasions
20494:Ili-Ishar
20490:Iddi-ilum
20483:2100 BCE
20473:V dynasty
20443:2125 BCE
20381:Puzur-ili
20368:La-erabum
20302:2150 BCE
20228:Shu-turul
20221:(3 years)
20188:Shu-Dagan
20088:2200 BCE
20065:Naram-Sin
20061:2250 BCE
20005:2340 BCE
19971:2350 BCE
19965:Luh-ishan
19960:Urukagina
19956:Lugalanda
19925:Isar-Damu
19921:2370 BCE
19867:2380 BCE
19842:Enentarzi
19830:Enannatum
19819:Gishakidu
19783:Ur-Zababa
19759:Adub-Damu
19755:2400 BCE
19728:2425 BCE
19722:Napilhush
19710:invasions
19688:Enar-Damu
19668:Neferefre
19648:2450 BCE
19591:Ur-Nanshe
19586:I dynasty
19573:I dynasty
19514:Ikun-Mari
19473:Phoenicia
19469:2500 BCE
19402:2575 BCE
19370:Melamanna
19354:Akalamdug
19326:A-Imdugud
19289:Ur-Nungal
19276:(5 kings)
19263:Baba-Damu
19259:Ibbi-Damu
19188:2600 BCE
19158:Gilgamesh
19116:Iltasadum
19087:2700 BCE
19061:I dynasty
19014:2800 BCE
18977:I dynasty
18933:Hudjefa I
18866:2900 BCE
18812:Semerkhet
18804:(regent)
18791:(regent)
18698:Hedju Hor
18526:Naqada II
18004:Vonones I
17976:Orodes II
17970:Teleuniqe
17946:Ispubarza
17807:Timarchus
17786:Antiochus
17765:Antiochus
17631:Nidin-Bel
17604:Darius II
17597:Sogdianus
17590:Xerxes II
17469:Nabonidus
17392:Kandalanu
17305:Sargon II
16752:Akurduana
16734:Gulkishar
16729:Shushushi
16673:Abi-Eshuh
16663:Hammurabi
16638:Sumu-abum
16316:Cuneiform
16192:Languages
16001:Acheulean
15888:Babylonia
15825:Euphrates
15775:Geography
15706:13 August
15686:11 August
15666:14 August
15646:11 August
15619:200251092
15561:161546400
15525:191599687
15468:(2003) .
15371:: 91–102.
15306:: 66–88.
15246:161148434
15230:0075-4269
15216:: 75–77.
15132:163504463
15095:140178359
15038:162256647
14952:162289626
14774:201634512
14720:163700758
14631:. BRILL.
14587:: 25–45.
14568:163491250
14243:163623620
14150:163501549
14055:164087631
13681:Lewy 1944
13661:Lewy 1944
13645:Lewy 1944
13338:Boiy 2004
13264:Gera 1998
13093:Boiy 2011
13049:Boiy 2011
12837:Chen 2020
12817:Chen 2020
12722:Chen 2020
12702:Chen 2020
12657:Chen 2020
12620:Chen 2020
12474:Chen 2020
12387:Chen 2020
12342:Chen 2020
12299:Chen 2020
12228:Chen 2020
12188:Chen 2020
12168:Chen 2020
12128:Chen 2020
12030:Chen 2020
11962:Chen 2020
11881:Chen 2020
11815:Chen 2020
11560:Boiy 2004
11431:Zaia 2019
11340:Chen 2020
11328:Chen 2020
11299:Chen 2020
11280:Chen 2020
11259:Chen 2020
11244:Chen 2020
11183:Zaia 2019
11171:Zaia 2019
11128:Zaia 2019
11113:Peat 1989
9942:AD 79/80
9692:Vonones I
9560:Orodes II
9424:Isbubarzâ
9238:Characene
8949:Akkadian
8770:Timarchus
8654:Antiochus
8547:Antiochus
8371:Seleucus
8325:Diadochus
8317:September
8276:Akkadian
8207:Diadochus
8077:Akkadian
7991:Nidin-Bêl
7977:Nidin-Bel
7822:Darius II
7799:Sogdianus
7775:Xerxes II
7487:25 August
7447:25 August
7391:3 October
7344:April/May
7224:Akkadian
7145:Nabonidus
7029:7 October
6993:7 October
6903:Akkadian
6782:Kandalānu
6768:Kandalanu
6187:Šarru-kīn
6174:Sargon II
6018:palê Šapî
5964:Akkadian
5188:Akkadian
5090:Akkadian
4904:Akkadian
4882:palû Bazu
4715:Akkadian
4160:Akkadian
4140:palû Išin
3160:Karaindaš
2581:Akkadian
2429:Akurduana
2415:Akurduana
2265:Gulkishar
2234:Shushushi
2063:Akkadian
1841:Abi-Eshuh
1747:Hammurabi
1526:Šumu-abum
1512:Sumu-abum
1493:Akkadian
1280:cuneiform
1150:Ctesiphon
868:Erishum I
804:Kandalanu
787:Sumu-abum
719:Kandalanu
645:Dynasties
488:Sargon II
323:Nidin-Bel
311:Nabonidus
236:Babylonia
186:Appointer
164:Abolition
153:Formation
133:Nidin-Bel
123:Nabonidus
113:Sumu-abum
86:Nabonidus
23485:(2014).
23438:(1992).
23408:(2020).
23375:(1971).
23216:Kavad II
23042:Bahram V
23003:Bahram I
22997:Shapur I
22874:Osroes I
22805:Orodes I
22799:Gotarzes
22787:Phraates
22452:Darius I
22449:Cambyses
22397:Astyages
22394:Cyaxares
22336:Necho II
22267:Bel-ibni
22217:Shebitku
22180:Indabibi
22033:Tefnakht
21575:Horemheb
21434:Agum III
21416:Kassites
21399:Ahmose I
21264:Ea-gamil
21248:DIŠ+U-EN
21238:Ishkibal
21185:Apil-Sin
21167:Amorites
21077:Bel-bani
20952:Biblical
20843:Nur-Adad
20834:Gungunum
20822:Naplanum
20790:Bur-Suen
20754:Amorites
20730:Sargon I
20680:Amorites
20624:Amorites
20596:Intef II
20566:Kindattu
20554:Ibbi-Sin
20533:Amar-Sin
20527:Ur-Nammu
20462:Merykare
20354:Apil-kin
20266:Pirig-me
20244:Ur-gigir
20240:Ur-nigin
20180:dynasty)
20125:Merenhor
20051:Epirmupi
19880:Userkare
19834:Entemena
19811:Ur-Lumma
19806:Meskigal
19737:Eannatum
19732:Kun-Damu
19716:Shushun-
19701:Enakalle
19560:kushanna
19546:Undalulu
19518:Iblul-Il
19442:Menkaure
19438:Bikheris
19431:Djedefre
19390:Me-durba
19315:shaengur
19309:En-hegal
19297:Labashum
19255:Agur-lim
19251:Abur-lim
19230:Qahedjet
19075:Enmerkar
18907:Wadjenes
18897:Horus Sa
18892:Nubnefer
18883:Nynetjer
18857:Susa III
18819:Sneferka
18802:Merneith
18520:Naqada I
18131:Category
18060:Osroes I
17940:Orodes I
17731:Seleucus
17566:Xerxes I
17554:Darius I
17528:Cyrus II
17329:Bel-ibni
16865:Agum III
16762:Ea-gamil
16738:DIŠ+U-EN
16724:Ishkibal
16653:Apil-Sin
16462:Academia
16416:Religion
16285:Urartian
16280:Sumerian
16265:Parthian
16200:Akkadian
16173:Sasanian
16163:Parthian
16158:Seleucid
16108:Simurrum
16098:Akkadian
16031:Khiamian
16021:Natufian
15933:Simurrum
15918:Kassites
15913:Hittites
15868:Adiabene
15535:(2014).
15320:43286072
15268:: 20–35.
14885:: 47–56.
14879:Electrum
14618:25683643
14512:: 31–71.
14033:: 1–52.
10608:Borsippa
10353:sources.
10245:briefly.
10125:See also
9957:Osroes I
9386:Orodes I
9272:November
9236:King of
9230:November
9220:Aspasinē
9186:November
9151:November
9109:November
8892:Dimitri'
8032:Dariamuš
7842:February
7835:Dariamuš
7760:December
7713:Aḫšiaršu
7581:November
7574:Aḫšiaršu
7543:November
7529:Dariamuš
7440:December
7433:Dariamuš
7398:December
7296:Kambuzīa
7181:Nitocris
6625:December
6384:Bel-ibni
6370:Bel-ibni
4949:1000 BC
4863:1001 BC
4854:1003 BC
4816:1004 BC
4807:1004 BC
4769:1004 BC
4760:1021 BC
4684:1022 BC
4675:1029 BC
4637:1030 BC
4628:1041 BC
4590:1042 BC
4581:1042 BC
4543:1043 BC
4534:1064 BC
4496:1065 BC
4487:1077 BC
4449:1078 BC
4440:1095 BC
4402:1096 BC
4393:1099 BC
4355:1100 BC
4346:1121 BC
4308:1122 BC
4299:1127 BC
4261:1128 BC
4252:1135 BC
4214:1136 BC
4205:1153 BC
4121:1155 BC
4112:1157 BC
4074:1158 BC
4065:1158 BC
4027:1159 BC
4018:1171 BC
3980:1172 BC
3971:1186 BC
3933:1187 BC
3924:1216 BC
3886:1217 BC
3877:1222 BC
3839:1223 BC
3830:1223 BC
3792:1224 BC
3783:1224 BC
3745:1225 BC
3736:1232 BC
3698:1233 BC
3689:1245 BC
3651:1246 BC
3642:1254 BC
3604:1255 BC
3595:1263 BC
3557:1264 BC
3548:1281 BC
3510:1282 BC
3501:1307 BC
3463:1308 BC
3454:1332 BC
3416:1333 BC
3407:1333 BC
3369:1333 BC
3360:1333 BC
3322:1333 BC
3313:1359 BC
3275:1360 BC
3266:1374 BC
3086:Agum III
3011:1500 BC
3002:1530 BC
2752:1659 BC
2729:1660 BC
2720:1681 BC
2682:1682 BC
2673:1703 BC
2635:1704 BC
2626:1729 BC
2544:1475 BC
2535:1484 BC
2523:Ea-gamil
2509:Ea-gamil
2497:1485 BC
2488:1492 BC
2450:1493 BC
2441:1519 BC
2403:1520 BC
2394:1548 BC
2356:1549 BC
2347:1599 BC
2295:DIŠ-U-EN
2279:Gulkišar
2203:Ishkibal
2108:1725 BC
2017:1595 BC
2008:1625 BC
1970:1626 BC
1961:1646 BC
1923:1647 BC
1914:1683 BC
1876:1684 BC
1867:1711 BC
1855:Abī-Ešuḫ
1829:1712 BC
1820:1749 BC
1782:1750 BC
1773:1792 BC
1735:1793 BC
1726:1812 BC
1688:1813 BC
1679:1830 BC
1667:Apil-Sîn
1653:Apil-Sin
1641:1831 BC
1632:1844 BC
1594:1845 BC
1585:1880 BC
1547:1881 BC
1538:1894 BC
1302:Sumerian
1171:ar-ša-kâ
1146:Seleucia
1120:Coin of
1046:Xerxes I
938:Seleucid
586:Akkadian
582:Sumerian
443:governor
303:Parthian
291:Chaldean
287:Assyrian
230:city of
212:Akkadian
32:King of
23269:Narsieh
23097:Zenobia
23078:Vistahm
23063:Kavad I
23057:Kavad I
23051:Peroz I
23039:Khosrow
22385:Deioces
22342:Wahibre
22330:Necho I
22223:Taharqa
22220:Shabaka
22204:Taharqa
22168:Teumman
22019:Rudamun
21761:Solomon
21700:Smendes
21621:Twosret
21615:Seti II
21356:Mitanni
21350:Khamudi
21304:Dynasty
21294:Dynasty
21284:Dynasty
21122:Nur-ili
21092:Lullaya
20995:dynasty
20947:Abraham
20837:Abisare
20802:Zambiya
20696:(Queen
20648:Amorite
20619:Kingdom
20593:Intef I
20560:Elamite
20547:Amorite
20536:Shu-Sin
20437:Tirigan
20406:Ur-Baba
20336:Nûr-Mêr
20274:Lu-gula
20270:Lu-Baba
20184:Ididish
20165:Kingdom
20162:Eblaite
20160:Second
20110:Menkare
19985:Shu-Sin
19981:Ishu-Il
19909:dynasty
19889:Pepi II
19822:(Queen
19708:Elamite
19659:Userkaf
19602:Akurgal
19531:Ku-Baba
19347:(Queen
19283:Mesilim
19218:Sanakht
19208:(First
19025:Zuqaqip
19022:Kalumum
19007:Kalibum
19003:Puannum
18960:Kingdom
18809:Anedjib
18793:Hor-Aha
18738:Nat-Hor
18671:Iry-Hor
18667:Shendjw
18639:Pen-Abu
18587:Susa II
17542:Bardiya
16832:Agum II
16799:Gandash
16600:female)
16575:Dynasty
16448:Prayers
16433:Deities
16397:Looting
16240:Kassite
16235:Hurrian
16230:Hittite
16220:Elamite
16215:Eblaite
16210:Aramaic
16205:Amorite
16128:Kassite
16103:Gutians
16085:History
16050:Samarra
16046:Hassuna
16016:Zarzian
15938:Subartu
15928:Mitanni
15893:Chaldea
15883:Assyria
15856:Ancient
15517:4199591
15458:3165864
15262:Rosetta
15124:1359915
15060:2600410
14744:6128352
14560:1359248
14235:1359421
14047:3678045
10789:Arsaces
10783:Arsaces
10769:Arsaces
10757:Arsaces
10576:760 BC.
10446:901 BC.
10321:letter.
10194:Kisurra
10113:AD 224
10110:AD 216
10086:AD 208
10065:AD 208
10062:AD 191
10041:AD 191
10038:AD 147
10017:AD 117
10014:AD 116
9993:AD 147
9990:AD 110
9969:AD 129
9966:AD 109
9912:AD 110
9308:124 BC
9278:124 BC
9275:127 BC
9233:127 BC
9189:129 BC
9167:Ubulna
9154:129 BC
9112:129 BC
9105:130 BC
9067:130 BC
9060:132 BC
9030:130 BC
9023:132 BC
8989:132 BC
8986:141 BC
8901:141 BC
8898:146 BC
8868:146 BC
8865:150 BC
8835:150 BC
8832:161 BC
8822:Dimitri
8790:161 BC
8783:161 BC
8754:161 BC
8747:161 BC
8737:Dimitri
8709:162 BC
8706:164 BC
8676:170 BC
8673:175 BC
8643:164 BC
8640:175 BC
8606:175 BC
8599:189 BC
8569:192 BC
8566:210 BC
8536:187 BC
8529:223 BC
8499:223 BC
8496:225 BC
8466:225 BC
8463:246 BC
8429:246 BC
8422:266 BC
8392:266 BC
8389:281 BC
8361:261 BC
8354:294 BC
8320:281 BC
8313:305 BC
8244:310 BC
8241:316 BC
8198:317 BC
8162:317 BC
8159:323 BC
8156:11 June
8149:Pilipsu
8125:323 BC
8122:11 June
8118:331 BC
8115:October
8045:331 BC
8042:October
7997:336 BC
7961:336 BC
7958:338 BC
7928:338 BC
7892:404 BC
7855:404 BC
7845:423 BC
7811:423 BC
7808:424 BC
7787:424 BC
7784:424 BC
7763:424 BC
7756:465 BC
7726:465 BC
7723:484 BC
7720:October
7681:484 BC
7674:484 BC
7638:484 BC
7635:October
7631:484 BC
7591:484 BC
7584:486 BC
7546:486 BC
7539:521 BC
7497:521 BC
7490:521 BC
7450:521 BC
7443:522 BC
7401:522 BC
7394:522 BC
7354:522 BC
7347:522 BC
7324:Bardiya
7313:522 BC
7306:530 BC
7272:530 BC
7265:539 BC
7176:539 BC
7169:556 BC
7129:556 BC
7122:556 BC
7086:556 BC
7079:560 BC
7039:560 BC
7032:562 BC
6996:562 BC
6989:605 BC
6953:605 BC
6946:626 BC
6857:626 BC
6854:626 BC
6824:626 BC
6821:626 BC
6791:627 BC
6788:647 BC
6756:646 BC
6753:648 BC
6719:648 BC
6716:668 BC
6680:668 BC
6673:669 BC
6635:669 BC
6628:681 BC
6594:681 BC
6587:689 BC
6549:689 BC
6546:693 BC
6498:693 BC
6495:694 BC
6448:694 BC
6445:700 BC
6393:700 BC
6390:703 BC
6338:703 BC
6335:703 BC
6289:Arad-Ea
6283:703 BC
6280:703 BC
6244:703 BC
6241:705 BC
6196:705 BC
6193:710 BC
6148:710 BC
6145:722 BC
6105:722 BC
6102:727 BC
6061:727 BC
6058:729 BC
6013:729 BC
6010:732 BC
5891:732 BC
5888:732 BC
5856:732 BC
5853:734 BC
5821:734 BC
5818:748 BC
5786:748 BC
5783:760 BC
5781:
5745:760 BC
5743:
5736:769 BC
5734:
5698:769 BC
5696:
5588:812 BC
5585:813 BC
5553:813 BC
5550:824 BC
5548:
5512:825 BC
5510:
5503:852 BC
5501:
5465:853 BC
5463:
5456:886 BC
5454:
5418:887 BC
5416:
5409:900 BC
5407:
5371:901 BC
5369:
5327:938 BC
5325:
5289:939 BC
5287:
5280:939 BC
5278:
5242:939 BC
5240:
5233:974 BC
5231:
5149:Elamite
5144:975 BC
5142:
5135:980 BC
5133:
5052:981 BC
5050:
5043:981 BC
5041:
5005:981 BC
5003:
4996:983 BC
4994:
4958:984 BC
4956:
4947:
4861:
4852:
4814:
4805:
4767:
4758:
4682:
4673:
4635:
4626:
4588:
4579:
4541:
4532:
4494:
4485:
4447:
4438:
4400:
4391:
4353:
4344:
4306:
4297:
4259:
4250:
4212:
4203:
4119:
4110:
4072:
4063:
4025:
4016:
3978:
3969:
3931:
3922:
3884:
3875:
3837:
3828:
3790:
3781:
3743:
3734:
3696:
3687:
3649:
3640:
3602:
3593:
3555:
3546:
3508:
3499:
3461:
3452:
3414:
3405:
3367:
3358:
3320:
3311:
3273:
3264:
3009:
3000:
2863:Agum II
2750:
2727:
2718:
2680:
2671:
2633:
2624:
2600:Gandash
2542:
2533:
2495:
2486:
2448:
2439:
2401:
2392:
2354:
2345:
2217:Iškibal
2106:
2015:
2006:
1968:
1959:
1921:
1912:
1874:
1865:
1827:
1818:
1780:
1771:
1733:
1724:
1686:
1677:
1639:
1630:
1592:
1583:
1545:
1536:
1478:Amorite
1332:
1313:
1291:
1244:AD 230.
1242:
1227:
1133:
1124:of the
1110:
1093:
1086:
1070:
1053:
1007:
998:of the
975:
964:
949:
934:
917:
900:
889:
883:
858:
852:
841:
835:
811:
800:
794:
771:
760:
737:
726:
705:Sources
699:
685:
629:regalia
625:Esagila
558:
547:
541:
529:Kassite
495:
468:
439:Viceroy
432:
415:' and '
409:Babylon
399:
317:of the
295:Persian
283:Aramean
279:Elamite
275:Kassite
271:Amorite
232:Babylon
159:1894 BC
104:Details
63:Shamash
34:Babylon
23495:
23448:
23418:
23060:Jamasp
23054:Balash
23012:Narseh
22923:Trajan
22921:under
22455:Xerxes
22391:Madyes
22255:Sargon
21715:Siamun
21618:Siptah
21603:Seti I
21587:Ugarit
21332:Semqen
21317:Hyksos
21289:Abydos
21182:Sabium
21089:Bazaya
21080:Libaya
21014:Asinum
21011:Rimush
20971:Yamhad
20863:(...)
20840:Sumuel
20831:Zabaia
20828:Samium
20825:Emisum
20726:Ikunum
20698:Shibtu
20639:Immeya
20530:Shulgi
20425:Ur-gar
20385:Ur-Utu
20252:Lagash
20131:Nikare
20043:Eshpum
20031:Rimush
19883:Pepi I
19718:tarana
19662:Sahure
19642:Hishur
19619:Balulu
19584:Lagash
19565:Mug-si
19558:Ensha-
19506:Sa'umu
19434:Khafre
19418:Snefru
19366:Mes-he
19313:Lugal-
19304:Lagash
19247:Sagisu
19199:Djoser
19108:Tizqar
19079:Aratta
19035:Arwium
19032:Mashda
18982:Jushur
18912:Senedj
18851:period
18783:Narmer
18733:Wazner
18708:Hsekiu
18703:Ny-Hor
18682:Narmer
18652:Canide
18643:Animal
18549:Susa I
18499:Lagash
18473:Akshak
18448:Canaan
17901:Ubulna
16804:Agum I
16648:Sabium
16566:Period
16275:Sutean
16250:Median
16245:Luwian
16225:Gutian
16113:Ur III
16026:Nemrik
15963:Cities
15958:Urartu
15908:Hamazi
15903:Gutium
15878:Armani
15830:Tigris
15783:Modern
15726:25 May
15721:Livius
15701:Livius
15681:Livius
15661:Livius
15641:Livius
15617:
15559:
15523:
15515:
15480:
15456:
15421:
15397:
15337:
15318:
15283:
15244:
15238:631888
15236:
15228:
15197:
15130:
15122:
15093:
15058:
15036:
15030:265057
15028:
14993:
14975:
14950:
14915:
14866:506728
14864:
14847:594682
14845:
14810:
14791:
14772:
14762:
14742:
14718:
14658:
14635:
14616:
14566:
14558:
14527:
14490:
14469:
14423:
14386:
14367:
14346:
14325:
14304:
14283:
14262:
14241:
14233:
14202:
14167:
14148:
14140:
14105:
14070:
14053:
14045:
14010:
10901:Aršákā
10776:Caesar
10763:Aršakâ
10745:dates.
10612:Dilbat
10311:power.
10190:Sippar
10186:Dilbat
9945:AD 81
9936:Aršakâ
9909:AD 78
9903:Aršakâ
9879:AD 78
9876:AD 51
9870:Aršakâ
9846:AD 51
9843:AD 51
9837:Aršakâ
9813:AD 51
9810:AD 38
9804:Aršakâ
9780:AD 46
9777:AD 38
9771:Aršakâ
9747:AD 38
9744:AD 12
9738:Aršakâ
9714:AD 12
9705:Aršakâ
9672:Aršakâ
9639:Aršakâ
9612:38 BC
9606:Aršakâ
9582:38 BC
9579:57 BC
9573:Aršakâ
9549:57 BC
9521:69 BC
9499:57 BC
9496:69 BC
9490:Aršakâ
9466:69 BC
9463:75 BC
9457:Aršakâ
9433:75 BC
9430:80 BC
9408:75 BC
9405:80 BC
9399:Aršakâ
9375:80 BC
9372:91 BC
9344:80 BC
9341:91 BC
9335:Aršakâ
9311:91 BC
9302:Aršakâ
9265:Aršakâ
9179:Ubulna
9144:Aršakâ
9054:Ri--nu
9017:Aršakâ
8980:Aršakâ
8829:c. May
8787:c. May
8593:Siluku
8533:3 July
8490:Siluku
8453:Siluku
8383:Siluku
8358:2 June
8307:Siluku
7678:August
7337:Barzia
7303:August
7269:August
7166:25 May
7076:August
7036:August
6986:August
5931:, and
2647:Agum I
2614:Gandaš
2047:Urukug
1606:Sabium
1212:Trajan
1020:Argead
457:Marduk
250:: the
179:AD 224
167:539 BC
23260:Boran
23242:Boran
23129:Syria
22909:Syria
22904:Judea
22446:Cyrus
22164:Urtak
21757:David
21363:Kirta
21347:Apepi
21344:Khyan
21065:Adasi
21035:Adasi
20663:(...)
20410:Gudea
20372:Si'um
20321:Setut
20292:Khita
20278:Ka-ku
20219:Ilulu
20215:Nanum
20207:Igigi
19951:Ukush
19853:Nanni
19615:Elulu
19502:Ansud
19421:Khufu
19349:Puabi
19226:Khaba
19222:Nebka
19104:Zamug
19042:Balih
19038:Etana
18999:Babum
18786:Menes
18728:Neheb
18723:Thesh
18713:Khayu
18686:Menes
18647:Stork
18478:Akkad
18468:Assur
18443:Egypt
18438:dates
17881:Rinnu
16361:Music
16311:Akitu
16168:Roman
16060:Ubaid
16055:Halaf
15953:Tukri
15948:Sumer
15943:Suhum
15923:Media
15873:Akkad
15615:S2CID
15557:S2CID
15521:S2CID
15513:JSTOR
15432:(PDF)
15415:(PDF)
15316:JSTOR
15258:(PDF)
15242:S2CID
15234:JSTOR
15144:(PDF)
15128:S2CID
15120:JSTOR
15091:S2CID
15052:(PDF)
15034:S2CID
15026:JSTOR
14973:JSTOR
14948:S2CID
14843:JSTOR
14770:S2CID
14740:S2CID
14732:(PDF)
14716:S2CID
14614:JSTOR
14564:S2CID
14556:JSTOR
14506:(PDF)
14402:(PDF)
14239:S2CID
14231:JSTOR
14185:(PDF)
14146:S2CID
14138:JSTOR
14088:(PDF)
14051:S2CID
14043:JSTOR
10871:LUGAL
10144:Notes
9711:AD 6
9681:AD 6
9678:AD 4
9648:AD 4
9645:2 BC
9615:2 BC
9041:Rinnu
8946:King
8273:King
8074:King
7889:April
7852:April
7310:April
7255:Kuraš
7221:King
7119:April
7083:April
6900:King
6713:March
6677:March
6503:palê
6398:palê
5961:King
5185:King
5167:palû
5087:King
4901:King
4712:King
4157:King
2578:King
2248:Šušši
2060:King
1620:Sabūm
1490:King
1261:LUGAL
423:king
299:Greek
244:Akkad
240:Sumer
175:AD 81
23493:ISBN
23469:Per
23446:ISBN
23416:ISBN
22826:Musa
22516:and
22214:Piye
21978:Pami
21749:Saul
20674:Mari
20471:Uruk
20393:Umma
20288:Helu
20234:Uruk
20224:Dudu
19991:Uruk
19944:Mari
19907:Adab
19877:Teti
19788:Urur
19773:Kish
19683:Unas
19634:Tata
19630:Peli
19571:Umma
19552:Uruk
19542:Unzi
19522:Nizi
19381:Adab
19279:Uhub
19271:Kish
19234:Huni
19112:Ilku
19059:Uruk
19028:Atab
18975:Kish
18815:Qa'a
18799:Djet
18796:Djer
18751:Wash
18743:Mekh
18657:Bull
18634:Fish
18509:Elam
18493:Umma
18488:Adab
18483:Uruk
18463:Kish
18458:Mari
18453:Ebla
18360:More
18302:More
18264:More
18216:More
17709:XIII
17149:VIII
16407:Tell
16065:Uruk
15898:Elam
15728:2021
15708:2020
15688:2020
15668:2020
15648:2020
15599:IRAQ
15497:Iraq
15478:ISBN
15454:OCLC
15419:ISBN
15395:ISBN
15335:ISBN
15281:ISBN
15226:ISSN
15195:ISBN
15056:OCLC
14991:ISBN
14913:ISBN
14896:aklu
14862:OCLC
14808:ISBN
14789:ISBN
14760:ISBN
14656:ISBN
14633:ISBN
14585:9/10
14525:ISBN
14488:ISBN
14467:ISBN
14421:ISBN
14384:ISBN
14365:ISBN
14344:ISBN
14323:ISBN
14302:ISBN
14281:ISBN
14260:ISBN
14200:ASIN
14165:ISBN
14103:ISBN
14068:ISBN
14008:ISBN
10864:Uruk
10851:Musa
10547:apla
10421:and
10376:zēra
10192:and
9102:July
9064:July
9027:July
8961:Ref
8926:note
8460:July
8426:July
8288:Ref
8264:and
8089:Ref
8065:and
7671:July
7628:July
7588:July
7236:Ref
7212:and
7183:and
7126:June
6950:July
6915:Ref
6877:and
6348:Ḫabi
6345:ERÍN
5983:Ref
5975:palê
5952:palê
5905:note
5200:Ref
5102:Ref
4916:Ref
4727:Ref
4172:Ref
4145:Isin
3100:Agum
2957:...
2739:...
2661:Agum
2593:Ref
2153:...
2075:Ref
1505:Ref
1254:Uruk
747:The
713:The
673:palê
667:palû
584:and
441:(or
301:and
242:and
206:The
20672:of
20211:Imi
19697:Ush
18806:Den
18718:Tiu
17858:XIV
17668:XII
17633:(?)
17131:VII
16791:III
16306:Art
15607:doi
15582:doi
15549:doi
15505:doi
15369:1/2
15308:doi
15304:134
15218:doi
15214:111
15112:doi
15083:doi
15018:doi
14969:164
14940:doi
14835:doi
14708:doi
14704:104
14683:doi
14589:doi
14548:doi
14450:106
14439:Adê
14223:doi
14130:doi
14035:doi
9546:??
9524:??
5689:??
5657:??
5625:??
5362:??
5330:??
4893:Baz
3228:??
3134:??
3106:??
3074:??
2964:??
2947:??
2915:??
2883:??
2851:??
2819:??
2787:??
2755:??
2309:??
2160:??
2143:??
2111:??
1193:").
1183:" (
670:or
131:or
23530::
23460:^
23371:;
23283:,
23160:,
22654::
22644::
22628::
22416:)
22211:")
22207:("
21866:")
21572:Ay
21319:")
21315:("
21224:")
21220:("
20820::
20770::
20700:)
20572:)
20217:,
20213:,
20209:,
19848:Ur
19826:)
19815:Il
19321:Ur
19110:,
19106:,
19081:")
19005:,
19001:,
18984:,
18887:Ba
18684:/
18674:Ka
18504:Ur
17519:XI
17269:IX
17103:VI
17007:IV
16698:II
15719:.
15699:.
15679:.
15659:.
15639:.
15613:.
15603:81
15601:.
15597:.
15572:.
15555:.
15543:.
15539:.
15519:.
15511:.
15501:16
15499:.
15495:.
15367:.
15363:.
15314:.
15302:.
15298:.
15266:19
15264:.
15260:.
15240:.
15232:.
15224:.
15212:.
15167:.
15163:.
15152:15
15150:.
15146:.
15126:.
15118:.
15108:41
15106:.
15089:.
15077:.
15073:.
15032:.
15024:.
15014:32
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